-ma: Difference between revisions

From Tolkien Gateway
(Created page with "__NOTOC__ '''-ma''' is a Quenya nominal (concretizing) ending denoting a thing (usually object) having something to do with the root meaning; either having its properties or …")
 
(some tweaks)
Line 2: Line 2:
'''-ma''' is a [[Quenya]] nominal (concretizing) ending denoting a thing (usually object) having something to do with the root meaning; either having its properties or being produced by the verbal action in question; or even being a tool used to accomplish it.
'''-ma''' is a [[Quenya]] nominal (concretizing) ending denoting a thing (usually object) having something to do with the root meaning; either having its properties or being produced by the verbal action in question; or even being a tool used to accomplish it.


In general, ''-mâ/-ma'' seem to be stuck to naked [[root]]s or stems to produce the nouns. Eg. [[RIL]] > ''[[rilma]] "glittering light"; verb stems ''[[par-]]'' "to learn" > ''[[parma]]'' "book". However full ouns can be suffixed with ''-ma'' to produce another object: Eg. ''[[líco]]'' "wax" > ''[[lícuma]]'' "candle".
In general, ''-mâ/-ma'' seem to be stuck to naked [[root]]s or stems to produce the nouns. Eg. [[RIL]] > ''[[rilma]]'' "glittering light"; verb stems ''[[par-]]'' "to learn" > ''[[parma]]'' "book". However, full nouns can be suffixed with ''-ma'' to produce another object: Eg. ''[[líco]]'' "wax" > ''[[lícuma]]'' "candle".
==Etymology==
==Etymology==
''-ma'' derives from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''[[-mâ]]'' frequent in the names of implements<ref>{{HM|WJ}} p.416</ref>. Such PQ nouns have yielded Quenya -ma nouns, for example ''[[tuimâ]]'' > ''[[tuima]]'' or ''[[sjalmâ]]'' > ''[[hyalma]]''.
''-ma'' derives from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''[[-mâ]]'' frequent in the names of implements.<ref>{{HM|WJ}} p.416</ref> Such PQ nouns have yielded Quenya -ma nouns, for example ''[[tuimâ]]'' > ''[[tuima]]'' or ''[[sjalmâ]]'' > ''[[hyalma]]''.


In some phonological environments, ''-ma'' appears in allomorphs in later Quenya: Nouns in ''-wa'' or ''-ba'' might conceal a primitive ''-mâ''. For example PQ ''[[labmâ]]'' > Q ''[[lamba]]'' (metathesis of ''bm'' to ''mb'') or PQ ''[[takmâ]]'' > Q ''[[tangwa]]'' (nasalization and strengthening of ''k'' before ''m'' and velarization of ''m'')<ref>[[Helge Fauskanger]], [[Vicente Velasco]] (ed.) ''[http://www.uib.no/people/hnohf/qevolution.pdf The Evolution from Primitive Elvish to Quenya]''</ref>.
In some phonological environments, ''-ma'' appears in allomorphs in later Quenya: Nouns in ''-wa'' or ''-ba'' might conceal a primitive ''-mâ''. For example PQ ''[[labmâ]]'' > Q ''[[lamba]]'' (metathesis of ''bm'' to ''mb'') or PQ ''[[takmâ]]'' > Q ''[[tangwa]]'' (nasalization and strengthening of ''k'' before ''m'' and velarization of ''m'').<ref>[[Helge Fauskanger]], [[Vicente Velasco]] (ed.) ''[http://www.uib.no/people/hnohf/qevolution.pdf The Evolution from Primitive Elvish to Quenya]''</ref>


It is obviously related to similar endings like ''[[-mo]]'' (which indicates a person or doer) or ''[[-me]]'' (which form a more abstract noun) which behave and operate similarly. For example ''[[alma]]'' "wealth" vs ''[[alme]]'' "blessing", ''[[carma]]'' "tool" vs ''[[carme]]'' "art"
It is obviously related to similar endings like ''[[-mo]]'' (which indicates a person or doer) or ''[[-me]]'' (which form a more abstract noun) which behave and operate similarly. For example ''[[alma]]'' "wealth" vs ''[[alme]]'' "blessing", ''[[carma]]'' "tool" vs ''[[carme]]'' "art"
==Examples==
==Examples==
*([[GALA]]) [[alma]] "wealth"
*([[GALA]]) ''[[alma]]'' "wealth"
*([[AS]]) [[arma]] "sun ray"
*([[AS]]) ''[[arma]]'' "sun ray"
*([[KAY]]) [[caima]] "bed"
*([[KAY]]) ''[[caima]]'' "bed"
*([[KAL]]) [[calma]] "lamp"
*([[KAL]]) ''[[calma]]'' "lamp"
*([[KAR]]) [[carma]] "tool"
*([[KAR]]) ''[[carma]]'' "tool"
*([[KEL]]) [[celma]] "channel"
*([[KEL]]) ''[[celma]]'' "channel"
*([[KOR]]) [[corma]] "ring"
*([[KOR]]) ''[[corma]]'' "ring"
*([[KUL]]) [[culuma]] "orange"
*([[KUL]]) ''[[culuma]]'' "orange"
*([[PHAL]]) [[falma]] "wave"
*([[PHAL]]) ''[[falma]]'' "wave"
*([[ȜAR]]) [[harma]] "treasure"
*([[ȜAR]]) ''[[harma]]'' "treasure"
*([[SYAL]]) [[hyalma]] "shell, conch"  
*([[SYAL]]) ''[[hyalma]]'' "shell, conch"  
([[GIL]]) [[Ilma]] "starlight"
*([[GIL]]) ''[[Ilma]]'' "starlight"
 
{{references}}
[[category:Quenya suffixes]]
[[category:Quenya suffixes]]

Revision as of 14:16, 22 June 2011

-ma is a Quenya nominal (concretizing) ending denoting a thing (usually object) having something to do with the root meaning; either having its properties or being produced by the verbal action in question; or even being a tool used to accomplish it.

In general, -mâ/-ma seem to be stuck to naked roots or stems to produce the nouns. Eg. RIL > rilma "glittering light"; verb stems par- "to learn" > parma "book". However, full nouns can be suffixed with -ma to produce another object: Eg. líco "wax" > lícuma "candle".

Etymology

-ma derives from Primitive Quendian -mâ frequent in the names of implements.[1] Such PQ nouns have yielded Quenya -ma nouns, for example tuimâ > tuima or sjalmâ > hyalma.

In some phonological environments, -ma appears in allomorphs in later Quenya: Nouns in -wa or -ba might conceal a primitive -mâ. For example PQ labmâ > Q lamba (metathesis of bm to mb) or PQ takmâ > Q tangwa (nasalization and strengthening of k before m and velarization of m).[2]

It is obviously related to similar endings like -mo (which indicates a person or doer) or -me (which form a more abstract noun) which behave and operate similarly. For example alma "wealth" vs alme "blessing", carma "tool" vs carme "art"

Examples

References

  1. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels p.416
  2. ↑ Helge Fauskanger, Vicente Velasco (ed.) The Evolution from Primitive Elvish to Quenya
Retrieved from "https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=-ma&oldid=159812"