-ma: Difference between revisions
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*([[RĪ]]) ''[[ríma]]'' "edge, hem, border" | *([[RĪ]]) ''[[ríma]]'' "edge, hem, border" | ||
*([[SIL]]) ''[[silma]]'' "silver, shining white" | *([[SIL]]) ''[[silma]]'' "silver, shining white" | ||
*([[TUY]]) [[tuima]] "sprout, bud" | |||
*(*TYEL) [[tyelma]] "ending" | |||
*([[TYUL]]) [[tyulma]] "mast" | |||
*([[WIL]]) [[wilma]] "air, lower air" | |||
*([[YUL]]) [[yulma]] "cup" | |||
==Inspiration== | ==Inspiration== |
Revision as of 07:50, 23 June 2011
-ma is a Quenya nominal (concretizing) ending denoting a thing (usually object) having something to do with the root meaning; either having its properties or being produced by the verbal action in question; or even being a tool used to accomplish it.
In general, -ma seem to be stuck to naked roots or stems to produce the nouns. Eg. RIL > rilma "glittering light"; verb stems par- "to learn" > parma "book". However, full nouns can be suffixed with -ma to produce another object: Eg. líco "wax" > lícuma "candle".
Etymology
-ma derives from Primitive Quendian -mâ frequent in the names of implements.[1] Such PQ nouns have yielded Quenya -ma nouns, for example tuimâ > tuima or sjalmâ > hyalma.
In some phonological environments, -ma appears in allomorphs in later Quenya: Nouns in -wa or -ba might conceal a primitive -mâ. For example PQ labmâ > Q lamba (metathesis of bm to mb) or PQ takmâ > Q tangwa (nasalization and strengthening of k before m and velarization of m).[2]
It is obviously related to similar endings like -mo (which indicates a person or doer) or -me (which form a more abstract noun) which behave and operate similarly. For example alma "wealth" vs alme "blessing", carma "tool" vs carme "art".
Examples
- (GALA) alma "wealth"
- (AS) arma "sun ray"
- (KAY) caima "bed"
- (KAL) calma "lamp"
- (KAR) carma "tool"
- (KEL) celma "channel"
- (KOR) corma "ring"
- (KUL) culuma "orange"
- (PHAL) falma "wave"
- (ȜAR) harma "treasure"
- (SYAL) hyalma "shell, conch"
- (GIL) Ilma "starlight"
- (SKEL) helma "skin"
- (*SLOY) hloima "poison"
- (SKWAR) hwarma "crossbar"
- (*LAY) laima "plant"
- (NAK) nangwa "jaw"
- (SNEW) neuma "snare"
- (ÑGWAL) nwalma "pain"
- (RĪ) ríma "edge, hem, border"
- (SIL) silma "silver, shining white"
- (TUY) tuima "sprout, bud"
- (*TYEL) tyelma "ending"
- (TYUL) tyulma "mast"
- (WIL) wilma "air, lower air"
- (YUL) yulma "cup"
Inspiration
-ma is a frequent ending of Greek neutral nouns, such as thelema, stigma, enigma etc.[3]
References
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels p.416
- ↑ Helge Fauskanger, Vicente Velasco (ed.) The Evolution from Primitive Elvish to Quenya
- ↑ "Elvish elements in Proto-Indo-European" An Introduction to Elvish