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'''''-nd''''' is a toponymical ending in [[Sindarin]], an ending "commonly used in the names of regions or countries". Vowels could be attached to the ending, yielding the forms ''-and'', ''-end'', ''-ond''. In names such as ''[[Rohan]]'', the ''-d'' was dropped, due to its lack of pronunciation in speech.<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 248</ref> | '''''-nd''''' is a toponymical ending in [[Sindarin]], an ending "commonly used in the names of regions or countries". Vowels could be attached to the ending, yielding the forms ''-and'', ''-end'', ''-ond''. In names such as ''[[Rohan]]'', the ''-d'' was dropped, due to its lack of pronunciation in speech (this also occured also in ''[[Anorien]]'' and ''[[Ithilien]]).<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 248</ref> | ||
The form also appear as ''-ian(d)'', ''-iann'', ''-ion'', ''-ien''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 42-3, 115</ref> | The form also appear as ''-ian(d)'', ''-iann'', ''-ion'', ''-ien''.<ref name="PE">{{PE|17}}, pp. 42-3, 115</ref> | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
*[[Rohan]] | *[[Rohan]] | ||
===With ''e''=== | ===With ''e''=== | ||
*[[Hildórien]] (note that [[Hildor]] is a [[Quenya]] name) | |||
*[[Arthórien]] | *[[Arthórien]] | ||
*[[Arvernien]] | *[[Arvernien]] | ||
| Line 17: | Line 18: | ||
*[[Ithilien]] | *[[Ithilien]] | ||
*[[Anorien]] | *[[Anorien]] | ||
===With ''o''=== | ===With ''o''=== | ||
*[[Dorthonion]] | *[[Dorthonion]] | ||
*[[Dorwinion]] | |||
*[[Region]] | *[[Region]] | ||
*[[Lindon]] | *[[Lindon]] | ||
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*[[Calenardhon]] | *[[Calenardhon]] | ||
*[[Lamedon]] | *[[Lamedon]] | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
''-ian(d)'' and ultimately ''-ien'' are reduced from ''-iand(a)'', ''-iend(e)''<ref>{{PE|17}} p.37</ref> | ''-ian(d)'' and ultimately ''-ien'' are reduced from ''-iand(a)'', ''-iend(e)'',<ref>{{PE|17}} p.37</ref> and said to be derived from [[PQ]] ''[[yandē]]'' "a wide region, or country".<ref name="PE"/> | ||
''-(i)on'' appears in later-formed names and is in origin distinct from the above. It is explained to be from root [[YAN]]A- and/or root YONO.<ref | ''-(i)on'' appears in later-formed names and is in origin distinct from the above. It is explained to be from root [[YAN]]A- and/or root YONO.<ref name="PE"/> | ||
==Cognates== | ==Cognates== | ||
Relevant endings don't appear in other languages such as [[Quenya]]. However | Relevant endings don't appear in other languages such as [[Quenya]] save perhaps the name [[Hildórien]]. However there is the [[Qenya]] name ''Valariande''<ref>{{HM|LT1}} p.202</ref> and ''Ossiriande''.<ref>{{LB|C1}}, pp. 158-9</ref> The book ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'' gives the Quenya name of Lothlórien as ''[[Lóriende]]''. | ||
The above hint that in Quenya the endings were preserved as ''-iande'' and ''-iende'', without loss of final ''-e''. On the other hand, ''Valariande'' is perhaps non-canon as early Qenya (but consistent to the later rules of phonology); as for ''Lóriende'', it seems to be constructed after the Sindarin name and can not be indicative of Quenya etymology{{ | The above hint that in Quenya the endings were preserved as ''-iande'' and ''-iende'', without loss of final ''-e''. On the other hand, ''Valariande'' is perhaps non-canon as early Qenya (but consistent to the later rules of phonology); as for ''Lóriende'', it seems to be constructed after the Sindarin name and can not be indicative of Quenya etymology.{{fact}} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 02:14, 8 May 2014
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-nd is a toponymical ending in Sindarin, an ending "commonly used in the names of regions or countries". Vowels could be attached to the ending, yielding the forms -and, -end, -ond. In names such as Rohan, the -d was dropped, due to its lack of pronunciation in speech (this also occured also in Anorien and Ithilien).[1][2]
The form also appear as -ian(d), -iann, -ion, -ien.[3]
Examples
With a
With e
With o
Etymology
-ian(d) and ultimately -ien are reduced from -iand(a), -iend(e),[4] and said to be derived from PQ yandē "a wide region, or country".[3]
-(i)on appears in later-formed names and is in origin distinct from the above. It is explained to be from root YANA- and/or root YONO.[3]
Cognates
Relevant endings don't appear in other languages such as Quenya save perhaps the name Hildórien. However there is the Qenya name Valariande[5] and Ossiriande.[6] The book The Road Goes Ever On gives the Quenya name of Lothlórien as Lóriende.
The above hint that in Quenya the endings were preserved as -iande and -iende, without loss of final -e. On the other hand, Valariande is perhaps non-canon as early Qenya (but consistent to the later rules of phonology); as for Lóriende, it seems to be constructed after the Sindarin name and can not be indicative of Quenya etymology.[source?]
See also
References
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan"
- ↑ Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, p. 248
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson), pp. 42-3, 115
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson) p.37
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Book of Lost Tales Part One p.202
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lays of Beleriand, "III. The Lay of Leithian: Canto I (Of Thingol)", pp. 158-9
