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'''ar''' is [[Quenya]] for 'and'. When used as a prefix it can also mean 'beside', 'outside', 'without'. The word is also used in [[Adûnaic]] to mean 'high', 'noble', and 'royal'. It is lso the prefix for the royal names of [[Númenor]].
The word '''''ar''''' or '''''âr''''' can have various meanings:


==Examples==
==Root==
{{quote|'''ar''' ilyë tier undulávë lumbulë; (''''and''' all paths are drowned deep in shadow;')|''[[Namárië]]''}}
*[[Elvish]] [[Sundocarme|root]]: [[AR (root)|AR]]


==References==
==[[Adûnaic]]==
* [[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]
# A prefix used to denominate [[King of Númenor|kingship]], equivalent to [[Quenya]] ''[[tar|Tar-]]''<ref name="ara">{{S|Appendix}}, ''ar(a)-''</ref>


[[Category:Quenya words]]
==[[Quenya]]==
# "And"<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 70</ref>
# "Beside, outside, without"<ref name=PE17/>
 
===Etymology===
*[[Sundocarme|Root]] [[ADA]]<ref name=PE17/>
 
==[[Sindarin]]==
# "Beside, without" (archaic)<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''ar-''</ref>
# A shorter form of ''[[ara]]'', "high, lofty, noble"<ref name="ara"/>
# '''Âr''' "king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)"
 
==[[Noldorin]]==
Tolkien apparently used the word ''ar'' to translate "and" in a Noldorin phrase inscribed on a draft of Thrór's Map.<ref name=AI/><ref name=H1/><ref name=Th/>
 
===Examples===
*Phrase on a draft of [[Thrór's Map]]: "''[[Lheben]] [[tâl|teil]] [[brand (word)|brann]] [[i]] [[annon]] [[ar]] [[neledh]] [[neledhi]] [[gar]] [[godrebh]]''" ("Five feet '''high''' the gate and three by three they go through together"<ref name=AI>{{HM|AI}}, pp. 92, 150 (note 6)</ref> or "Five feet '''high''' the door and three may walk abreast"<ref name=H1>{{H|1}} (translation by [[Gandalf]] of the [[Old English]] [[runes]] on the map)</ref><ref name=Th>[http://www.jrrvf.com/~glaemscrafu/texts/cartedethror-a.htm Thrór's map inscription] at [http://www.jrrvf.com/haut.shtml Jrrvf.com] (accessed 27 June 2011)</ref>)
 
==[[Westron]]==
# The name of the twenty-first [[Westron Tengwar|Tengwa]].
 
{{references}}
<small>
* [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/qlist.htm Quenya Corpus Wordlist] at Ardalambion
* [http://www.uib.no/people/hnohf/adunaic.htm Adûnaic] at Ardalambion
* [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] compiled by [[Didier Willis]]
* [[Jim Allan]], ''[[Report from Marquette]]''
</small>
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya conjunctions]]
[[Category:Quenya prepositions]]
[[Category:Adûnaic words]]
[[Category:Sindarin prefixes]]
[[Category:Westron words]]
[[Category:Noldorin conjunctions]]

Latest revision as of 00:03, 22 October 2012

The word ar or âr can have various meanings:

Root[edit | edit source]

Adûnaic[edit | edit source]

  1. A prefix used to denominate kingship, equivalent to Quenya Tar-[1]

Quenya[edit | edit source]

  1. "And"[2]
  2. "Beside, outside, without"[2]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

Sindarin[edit | edit source]

  1. "Beside, without" (archaic)[3]
  2. A shorter form of ara, "high, lofty, noble"[1]
  3. Âr "king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)"

Noldorin[edit | edit source]

Tolkien apparently used the word ar to translate "and" in a Noldorin phrase inscribed on a draft of Thrór's Map.[4][5][6]

Examples[edit | edit source]

Westron[edit | edit source]

  1. The name of the twenty-first Tengwa.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Appendix: Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names", ar(a)-
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson), p. 70
  3. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Appendix: Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names", ar-
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator, pp. 92, 150 (note 6)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "An Unexpected Party" (translation by Gandalf of the Old English runes on the map)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Thrór's map inscription at Jrrvf.com (accessed 27 June 2011)

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