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'''Buckland''' is a small but densely populated sliver of land between the [[Old Forest]] and the east bank of the [[Brandywine]] river, inhabited by [[Hobbits]] from the Shire, mostly of the Brandybuck family, who colonized itIt was thus technically not part of the Shire itself, and was effectively a tiny independent country (until later formally added to the Shire during the Fourth Age).
{{sources}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Buckland.png|250px]]
| name=Buckland
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Between the [[Baranduin|Brandywine River]] and the [[Old Forest]]
| capital=[[Bucklebury]]
| towns=[[Breredon]], [[Crickhollow]], [[Haysend]], [[Newbury]], [[Standelf]]
| regions=
| population=[[Hobbits]], mostly [[Brandybuck Family|Brandybucks]]
| language=[[Hobbitish]] ([[Stoorish]] variant)
| govern1=[[Master of Buckland]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{TA|2340}}
| event2=
| event2date=
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
'''Buckland''' was a small but densely populated sliver of land between the [[Old Forest]] and the east bank of the [[Baranduin|Brandywine]] river,<ref name=Part>{{FR|Part}}</ref> inhabited by [[Hobbits]] from the Shire. Most were of the Brandybuck family, who colonized the landBuckland was thus technically not part of the Shire itself, and was effectively a tiny independent country.


==Origins and History==
==History==
Seven hundred and forty years after the founding of the [[Shire]], in Third Age 2340 [[Gorhendad Oldbuck]] crossed the River [[Brandywine]] from the [[Eastfarthing]] and started the building of [[Brandy Hall]] in [[Buck Hill]], in a land hitherto unpopulated by hobbits. As Gorhendad's family grew, the Hall also expanded, and soon there was a flourishing community in the land between the River and the Old Forest.
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Brandy Hall.jpg|left|thumb|[[Matěj Čadil]] - ''Brandy Hall'']]
From that time, Buckland was ruled by the [[Brandybuck|Brandybucks]], as Gorhendad renamed his family, who were given the title '[[Master of Buckland]]'.
740 years after the founding of [[the Shire]], in {{TA|2340}},<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2340 of the Third Age</ref> [[Gorhendad Oldbuck]] crossed the River [[Brandywine]] from the [[Eastfarthing]] and started the building of [[Brandy Hall]] in [[Buck Hill]], in a land hitherto unpopulated by hobbits.<ref name=Brandybucks>{{FR|Conspiracy}}, fourth paragraph</ref>


The village of [[Bucklebury]], lying close by Buck Hill, was considered Buckland's chief village, but the expanding population meant that many other villages soon grew up in the region, the largest of which were [[Newbury]], [[Crickhollow]] and [[Standelf]]. The growing power of the Master of Buckland gained respect from those close by in the Eastfarthing, too; the lands of the [[Marish]] between [[Stock]] and [[Rushey]] also acknowledged themselves under the sway of Brandy Hall.
As Gorhendad's family grew, the Hall also expanded, and soon there was a flourishing community in the land between the River and the Old Forest. From that time, Buckland was ruled by the [[Brandybuck Family|Brandybuck]]s (as Gorhendad renamed his family to reflect their new relationship with the river). Gorhendad became the first '[[Master of Buckland]]'.<ref name=Brandybucks/>


Buckland was technically not part of the Shire:  the Shire had originated officially with a land grant from the last few Kings of Arthedain in T.A. 1600 giving Hobbits (migrating from Bree) permission to settle in that old province of the kingdom which had become depopulated.  However, Buckland was not part of the original grant, and was indeed formed over 300 years after Arthedain ceased to exist in T.A. 1975.  Unlike the Shire, it is not certain if what became Buckland was ever previously inhabited by Men, nonetheless it was part of Arnor because this entire region of Eriador (including even the Old Forest) was part of the kingdom.  However, Buckland may actually have been in what used to be considered part of [[Cardolan]] and may never have belonged to Arthedain to begin with, further making its colonization an independent action by the Hobbits. Thus, Buckland was essentially a small independent country of Hobbits, mostly of the Brandybuck family (who made it their new homeland and even changed their family name to reflect their new relationship with the river). 
The village of [[Bucklebury]], lying close by [[Buck Hill]], was Buckland's chief village,<ref name=Brandybucks/> but with the expanding population, many other villages soon grew up in the region, the largest of which were [[Newbury]], [[Crickhollow]] and [[Standelf]].<ref name=Part/> The growing power of the Master of Buckland gained respect from those close by in the Eastfarthing, too; the lands of the [[Marish]] between [[Stock]] and [[Rushey]] also acknowledged themselves under the sway of Brandy Hall.<ref>{{FR|Conspiracy}}, fifth paragraph</ref>


In practice, while nominally "independent", Buckland was effectively not much different from other old family homelands within the Shire, such as the [[Tookland]], in which the heads of prominent local families were seen as effectively controlling a region. Authority in the Shire had become so bucolic and decentralized, with little "government" to speak of, that simply no one took the time to assert these rival claims.  Indeed, parts of the Marish, the marshy lands on the Eastfarthing on the west bank of the Brandywine and thus part of the Shire-proper, acknowledge the authority of the Master of Buckland and not the Thain of the Shire (head of the Took family). Authority was so decentralized among Hobbit-kind and they saw this as such a trivial matter, that for Buckland's entire almost 700 year long history, from its founding until the War of the Ring, quite simply no one ''bothered'' to reconcile the legal ramifications of the creation of Buckland, or even of the mixed loyalties of the Marish.  In practice, Hobbits from the Shire-proper seem to have considered Buckland an odd frontier of "the Shire" more than as a separate country.
The Bucklanders soon found themselves threatened by the strange trees of the Forest, and so built a vast hedge, the [[High Hay]], stretching twenty miles along the eastern border of their land.<ref>{{FR|Conspiracy}}, sixth paragraph</ref> This was not the only danger to threaten Buckland - in {{TA|2911}}, the year of the [[Fell Winter (Third Age)|Fell Winter]], the Brandywine froze<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2911 of the Third Age</ref> and Buckland was invaded by white wolves.<ref>{{FR|Knife}}, seventh paragraph</ref><ref>{{FR|South}}</ref>
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Crickhollow.jpg|thumb|[[Matěj Čadil]] - ''Crickhollow'']]
Buckland was also the childhood home of [[Frodo Baggins]],<ref>{{FR|Party}}, sixteenth paragraph</ref> who returned here on his journey to [[Bree]] in {{TA|3018}}.<ref name=Conspiracy>{{FR|Conspiracy}}</ref> He bought a house in Crickhollow, and claimed that he would be living there,<ref>{{FR|Three}}, seventeenth paragraph</ref> but instead entered the [[Old Forest]] through the old private<ref name=Conspiracy/> gate of the Brandybucks through the High Hay, and left the Shire.<ref>{{FR|Forest}}</ref>


The Bucklanders soon found themselves threatened by the strange trees of the Forest, and so built a vast hedge, the [[High Hay]], stretching twenty miles along the eastern border of their land. This was not the only danger to threaten Buckland - in [[Third Age 2911|T.A. 2911]]), the year of the [[Fell Winter]], the Brandywine froze and Buckland was invaded by white wolves.
==Status==
Buckland was technically not part of the Shire (as granted by the [[King of Arthedain]]), and was indeed formed over 300 years after [[Arthedain]] ceased to exist. Buckland may actually have been in what used to be considered part of [[Cardolan]] and may never have belonged to Arthedain, further making its colonization an independent action by the Hobbits. Thus, Buckland was essentially a small independent country of Hobbits, mostly of the Brandybuck family.


Buckland was also the childhood home of [[Frodo Baggins]], who returned here on his journey to [[Rivendell]] in [[Third Age 3018|T.A. 3018]]. He bought a house in [[Crickhollow]], and claimed that he would be living there, but instead entered the [[Old Forest]] through the old [[Hay Gate]], and left the [[Eastmarch]] of the Shire.
However, it was effectively not much different from other Hobbit family homelands (such as the [[Tookland]], which the [[Took Family|Tooks]] were effectively controlling). Authority in the Shire had become so bucolic and decentralized that no one took the time to assert these rival claims.  Parts of the Marish, part of the Shire-proper, acknowledge the authority of the Master of Buckland and not the [[Thain]] of the Shire.
 
In practice, Hobbits from the Shire-proper seem to have considered Buckland an odd frontier of "the Shire" more than as a separate country.


==Culture==
==Culture==
Although similar in many ways to other hobbits, the Bucklanders did have certain peculiarities. Due no doubt in part to the [[Fallohides|Fallohidish]] blood of the Brandybucks, the hobbits of Buckland were somewhat more adventurous than their cousins in the Shire (while still conservative by the measure of many other races in Middle-earth). The Bucklanders are characterized as being of predominantly [[Stoor]] ancestry, and were thus a people accustomed to riversides.  They enjoyed boating, an activity frowned upon by Shire-hobbits, and some of them could even swim.  Due to the often muddy nature of the land near the river, it was not uncommon for Bucklanders to wear boots, making them the only Hobbits known to wear shoes.
The Bucklanders did have certain peculiarities. There was an ubiquitous sentiment in other regions of the Shire (such as [[Hobbiton]] and [[Bywater]]) that "there's queer folk in Buckland".
 
Due in part to the [[Fallohides|Fallohidish]] blood of the Brandybucks, they were somewhat more adventurous than their cousins in the Shire (while still conservative by the measure of many other races in Middle-earth). The Bucklanders are characterized as being of predominantly [[Stoors|Stoor]] ancestry, and were thus a people accustomed to riversides.  They enjoyed boating, an activity frowned upon by Shire-hobbits, and some of them could even swim.  Due to the often muddy nature of the land near the river, it was not uncommon for Bucklanders to wear boots, making them the only Hobbits known to wear shoes.
 
When the [[Bree-folk]] ventured to the Shire, Buckland was their usual destination (though some ventured as far as the Eastfarthing), and so was rather more cosmopolitan (in hobbit terms) than the rest of the land.
When the [[Bree-folk]] ventured to the Shire, Buckland was their usual destination (though some ventured as far as the Eastfarthing), and so was rather more cosmopolitan (in hobbit terms) than the rest of the land.


There were some minor linguistic regional differences between Buckland and the Shire.  During the Hobbit [[Wandering Days]], their migrations westwards across Eriador, many Stoors branched off from the other Hobbits and moved south to the Angle, where they came into contact with the [[Dunlendings]]. This contact altered their speech slightly, mostly by picking up a few Dunlending words.  However, these Stoors then moved back north to join the other Hobbits in colonizing the Shire. The result was that places that were settled by Stoors have some slight linguistic oddities due to their time of separation and contact with the Dunlendings. The three original Hobbit-kinds merged and blended in the centuries since the settlement of the Shire, but regional variations remained.  The Brandybucks of Buckland are noted as having a particularly high concentration of Stoorish blood. Thus there were some minor linguistic anomalies in the place-names of Buckland and perhaps the accent of its speech. Also, Hobbits of Stoorish blood are noted as being the only Hobbits who are known to normally grow facial hair.
Living under constant danger from the Old Forest, the Bucklanders were hardier and more suspicious than the usual Shire-hobbit. They were organised to deal with danger (through the famous [[Horn-call of Buckland]]), and they kept their doors locked at night, which was unusual in the Shire.
 
There were some minor linguistic regional differences between Buckland and the Shire (perhaps also in the accents) as the Bucklanders, being descended from the Stoors, inherited the [[Stoorish]] linguistic featuresAlso, Hobbits of Stoorish blood are noted as being the only Hobbits who are known to normally grow facial hair.
 
==Part of the Shire?==
{{rewrite}}
In the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Prologue|Prologue]]'' to the ''[[Fellowship of the Ring]]'' [[Tolkien]] states:
{{Blockquote|Outside the Farthings were the East and West Marches: the Buckland''';''' and the [[Westmarch]] added to the Shire in {{SR|1452}}.<ref name=EastMarch>{{FR|Ordering}} p. 12</ref>}}
 
Earlier editions do not have the semicolon and give the year as {{SR|1462|n}}.
 
Without the semicolon, the sentence seems to imply that not only Westmarch, but also Buckland was added to the Shire in {{FoA|31}} (or {{FoA|41}} according to the old edition).
 
Several reference works interpret the phrase in such a way, and refer to it as "Eastmarch", although Tolkien used the spelling "East March"<ref name=EastMarch/>, and the area is still typically referred to as "Buckland".
 
[[Robert Foster]] says: ''Buckland was officially added to [the Shire] by the gift of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] in FA 42 and was then known as the East March.''<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 57 entry "Buckland"</ref>. Note also that his dating of FA 42 mirrors the earlier uncorrected date of the ''Prologue''.
 
[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] also says: ''Two adjacent areas were added to the Shire: the Eastmarch (Buckland) and...''<ref>[[Karen Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', p. 69, The Shire</ref>
 
The semicolon in the above quote, which separates Buckland from Westmarch, was added to show that only "the [[Westmarch]] added to the Shire". That is consistent with various other references, such as that the [[Appendix B]] mentions the creation of the Westmarch in {{FoA|31}}, but there is no reference to Buckland or an "Eastmarch" under that year.<ref>{{App|Later}}, entry for the year 1452 in the Shire Reckoning (S.R.)</ref>


Living under constant danger from the Old Forest, the Bucklanders were hardier and more suspicious than the usual Shire-hobbit. They were organised to deal with danger (through the famous Horn-call of Buckland), and they kept their doors locked at night, which was unusual in the Shire.
==Etymology==
The word ''[[Wiktionary:buck|buck]]'' means "goat" or "deer", and comes from the family name [[Oldbucks]].


Due to these cultural differences, there was an ubiquitous sentiment in other regions of the Shire (such as [[Hobbiton]] and [[Bywater]]) that "there's queer folk in Buckland".
''Buckland'' and ''Little Buckland'' are real places in England, located just to the south of [[Evesham]].<ref>[[Mark T. Hooker]], ''[[The Hobbitonian Anthology]]'', pp. 97, 112</ref> The etymology of these towns comes from ''book'' (i.e. The Bible), referring to a land that was owned by a church or a written charter.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 754</ref> There is a Buckland in the former county of [[Wikipedia:Brecknockshire|Brecknockshire]] (modern day Powys), Wales in the parish of Llan-sant-ffraid. The gloss for this Welsh ''Buckland'' exactly matches Tolkien's instructions in [[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings| ''Nomenclature'']] for translating the name ''Buckland''. It means the "land of the deer".<ref>[[Mark T. Hooker]], ''[[Tolkien and Welsh]]'' pp. 18-19</ref>


==Inspiration==
Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of [[Celtic]] elements in England.<ref>{{App|Translation}}, twelfth and thirteenth paragraphs</ref>


[[Category:Buckland]]
{{References}}
[[Category:Shire]]
{{masters}}
[[Category:Buckland| ]]
[[de:Bockland]]
[[de:Bockland]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/comte/pays_de_bouc]]
[[fi:Bukinmaa]]
[[fi:Bukinmaa]]

Latest revision as of 00:07, 20 February 2024

"Who told you, and who sent you?" — Gandalf
This article or section needs more/new/more-detailed sources to conform to a higher standard and to provide proof for claims made.
Buckland
Mark Fisher - Buckland.png
General information
LocationBetween the Brandywine River and the Old Forest
CapitalBucklebury
Major townsBreredon, Crickhollow, Haysend, Newbury, Standelf
People
PopulationHobbits, mostly Brandybucks
LanguageHobbitish (Stoorish variant)
GovernanceMaster of Buckland
History
FoundedT.A. 2340
GalleryImages of Buckland

Buckland was a small but densely populated sliver of land between the Old Forest and the east bank of the Brandywine river,[1] inhabited by Hobbits from the Shire. Most were of the Brandybuck family, who colonized the land. Buckland was thus technically not part of the Shire itself, and was effectively a tiny independent country.

History[edit | edit source]

Matěj Čadil - Brandy Hall

740 years after the founding of the Shire, in T.A. 2340,[2] Gorhendad Oldbuck crossed the River Brandywine from the Eastfarthing and started the building of Brandy Hall in Buck Hill, in a land hitherto unpopulated by hobbits.[3]

As Gorhendad's family grew, the Hall also expanded, and soon there was a flourishing community in the land between the River and the Old Forest. From that time, Buckland was ruled by the Brandybucks (as Gorhendad renamed his family to reflect their new relationship with the river). Gorhendad became the first 'Master of Buckland'.[3]

The village of Bucklebury, lying close by Buck Hill, was Buckland's chief village,[3] but with the expanding population, many other villages soon grew up in the region, the largest of which were Newbury, Crickhollow and Standelf.[1] The growing power of the Master of Buckland gained respect from those close by in the Eastfarthing, too; the lands of the Marish between Stock and Rushey also acknowledged themselves under the sway of Brandy Hall.[4]

The Bucklanders soon found themselves threatened by the strange trees of the Forest, and so built a vast hedge, the High Hay, stretching twenty miles along the eastern border of their land.[5] This was not the only danger to threaten Buckland - in T.A. 2911, the year of the Fell Winter, the Brandywine froze[6] and Buckland was invaded by white wolves.[7][8]

Matěj Čadil - Crickhollow

Buckland was also the childhood home of Frodo Baggins,[9] who returned here on his journey to Bree in T.A. 3018.[10] He bought a house in Crickhollow, and claimed that he would be living there,[11] but instead entered the Old Forest through the old private[10] gate of the Brandybucks through the High Hay, and left the Shire.[12]

Status[edit | edit source]

Buckland was technically not part of the Shire (as granted by the King of Arthedain), and was indeed formed over 300 years after Arthedain ceased to exist. Buckland may actually have been in what used to be considered part of Cardolan and may never have belonged to Arthedain, further making its colonization an independent action by the Hobbits. Thus, Buckland was essentially a small independent country of Hobbits, mostly of the Brandybuck family.

However, it was effectively not much different from other Hobbit family homelands (such as the Tookland, which the Tooks were effectively controlling). Authority in the Shire had become so bucolic and decentralized that no one took the time to assert these rival claims. Parts of the Marish, part of the Shire-proper, acknowledge the authority of the Master of Buckland and not the Thain of the Shire.

In practice, Hobbits from the Shire-proper seem to have considered Buckland an odd frontier of "the Shire" more than as a separate country.

Culture[edit | edit source]

The Bucklanders did have certain peculiarities. There was an ubiquitous sentiment in other regions of the Shire (such as Hobbiton and Bywater) that "there's queer folk in Buckland".

Due in part to the Fallohidish blood of the Brandybucks, they were somewhat more adventurous than their cousins in the Shire (while still conservative by the measure of many other races in Middle-earth). The Bucklanders are characterized as being of predominantly Stoor ancestry, and were thus a people accustomed to riversides. They enjoyed boating, an activity frowned upon by Shire-hobbits, and some of them could even swim. Due to the often muddy nature of the land near the river, it was not uncommon for Bucklanders to wear boots, making them the only Hobbits known to wear shoes.

When the Bree-folk ventured to the Shire, Buckland was their usual destination (though some ventured as far as the Eastfarthing), and so was rather more cosmopolitan (in hobbit terms) than the rest of the land.

Living under constant danger from the Old Forest, the Bucklanders were hardier and more suspicious than the usual Shire-hobbit. They were organised to deal with danger (through the famous Horn-call of Buckland), and they kept their doors locked at night, which was unusual in the Shire.

There were some minor linguistic regional differences between Buckland and the Shire (perhaps also in the accents) as the Bucklanders, being descended from the Stoors, inherited the Stoorish linguistic features. Also, Hobbits of Stoorish blood are noted as being the only Hobbits who are known to normally grow facial hair.

Part of the Shire?[edit | edit source]

"The wise will stay here and hope to rebuild our town..." — Master of Lake-town
This article or section needs to be rewritten to comply with Tolkien Gateway's higher standards...

In the Prologue to the Fellowship of the Ring Tolkien states:

Outside the Farthings were the East and West Marches: the Buckland; and the Westmarch added to the Shire in S.R. 1452.[13]

Earlier editions do not have the semicolon and give the year as 1462.

Without the semicolon, the sentence seems to imply that not only Westmarch, but also Buckland was added to the Shire in Fo.A. 31 (or Fo.A. 41 according to the old edition).

Several reference works interpret the phrase in such a way, and refer to it as "Eastmarch", although Tolkien used the spelling "East March"[13], and the area is still typically referred to as "Buckland".

Robert Foster says: Buckland was officially added to [the Shire] by the gift of King Elessar in FA 42 and was then known as the East March.[14]. Note also that his dating of FA 42 mirrors the earlier uncorrected date of the Prologue.

Karen Wynn Fonstad also says: Two adjacent areas were added to the Shire: the Eastmarch (Buckland) and...[15]

The semicolon in the above quote, which separates Buckland from Westmarch, was added to show that only "the Westmarch added to the Shire". That is consistent with various other references, such as that the Appendix B mentions the creation of the Westmarch in Fo.A. 31, but there is no reference to Buckland or an "Eastmarch" under that year.[16]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The word buck means "goat" or "deer", and comes from the family name Oldbucks.

Buckland and Little Buckland are real places in England, located just to the south of Evesham.[17] The etymology of these towns comes from book (i.e. The Bible), referring to a land that was owned by a church or a written charter.[18] There is a Buckland in the former county of Brecknockshire (modern day Powys), Wales in the parish of Llan-sant-ffraid. The gloss for this Welsh Buckland exactly matches Tolkien's instructions in Nomenclature for translating the name Buckland. It means the "land of the deer".[19]

Inspiration[edit | edit source]

Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England.[20]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Part of the Shire" map
  2. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age", entry for the year 2340 of the Third Age
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Conspiracy Unmasked", fourth paragraph
  4. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Conspiracy Unmasked", fifth paragraph
  5. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Conspiracy Unmasked", sixth paragraph
  6. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age", entry for the year 2911 of the Third Age
  7. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Knife in the Dark", seventh paragraph
  8. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Ring Goes South"
  9. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Long-expected Party", sixteenth paragraph
  10. 10.0 10.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Conspiracy Unmasked"
  11. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "Three is Company", seventeenth paragraph
  12. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Old Forest"
  13. 13.0 13.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, "Prologue", "Of the Ordering of the Shire" p. 12
  14. Robert Foster, The Complete Guide to Middle-earth, p. 57 entry "Buckland"
  15. Karen Fonstad, The Atlas of Middle-earth, p. 69, The Shire
  16. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "Later Events Concerning the Members of the Fellowship of the Ring", entry for the year 1452 in the Shire Reckoning (S.R.)
  17. Mark T. Hooker, The Hobbitonian Anthology, pp. 97, 112
  18. J.R.R. Tolkien, "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings" in Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, p. 754
  19. Mark T. Hooker, Tolkien and Welsh pp. 18-19
  20. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix F, "On Translation", twelfth and thirteenth paragraphs
Masters of Buckland
Gorhendad Oldbuck (from S.R. 740) · unknown · Gormadoc Brandybuck (until 1236) · Madoc Brandybuck (1236 - 1277) · Marmadoc Brandybuck (1277 - 1310) · Gorbadoc Brandybuck (1310 - 1364) · Rorimac Brandybuck (1364 - 1408) · Saradoc Brandybuck (1408 - 1432) · Meriadoc Brandybuck (1432 - 1484) · unknown