Fingon: Difference between revisions

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{{Sources}}
{{noldor infobox
{{noldor infobox
| name=Fingon
| name=Fingon
| image=[[File:Anna Lee - Fingon.jpg|250px]]
| image=[[File:Anna Lee - Fingon.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Fingon" by [[Anna Lee]]
| caption="Fingon" by [[:Category:Images by Anna Lee|Anna Lee]]
| pronun=
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈfiŋɡon]}}
| othernames=''Findekáno'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]])
| othernames=''Findekáno'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]])
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]]
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]]
| position=
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Dor-lómin]]
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Dor-lómin]]
| affiliation=
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]]
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=between {{YT|1190}} and {{YT|1300|n}}
| birth=between {{YT|1190}} and {{YT|1300|n}}
Line 16: Line 15:
| death={{FA|472}}
| death={{FA|472}}
| deathlocation=[[Anfauglith]] in [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]
| deathlocation=[[Anfauglith]] in [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]
| age=
| age=2,388-3,442<ref group="note">Years of the Sun. Each Year of the Tree is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the year 1500. So, 472 + 9.582 x 200 = 2,388. 472 + 9.582 x 310 = 3,442.</ref>
| notablefor=
| notablefor=Rescuing [[Maedhros]]<br/>Battling [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]
| house=[[House of Fingolfin]]
| house=[[House of Fingolfin]]
| parentage=[[Fingolfin]] & [[Anairë]]
| parentage=[[Fingolfin]] and [[Anairë]]
| siblings=[[Turgon]], [[Aredhel]] and [[Argon]]
| siblings=[[Turgon]], [[Aredhel]] and [[Argon]]<ref group=note>[[Argon]] only appears in very late writings by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] as published in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', and is left out of the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.</ref>
| spouse=
| spouse=
| children=
| children=None (but [[Gil-galad]] in published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'')
| gender=Male
| gender=Male
| height=
| height=
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| steed=
| steed=
}}
}}
{{quote| Of all the children of Finwe he is justly most renowned: for his valour was as a fire and yet as steadfast as the hills of stone; wise he was and skilled in voice and hand; truth and justice he loved and bore good will to all, both Elves and Men, hating Morgoth only; he sought not his own, neither power nor glory, and death was his reward.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', "[[Quenta Silmarillion]]"}}
{{quote|Of all the children of Finwë he is justly most renowned: for his valour was as a fire and yet as steadfast as the hills of stone; wise he was and skilled in voice and hand; truth and justice he loved and bore good will to all, both Elves and Men, hating Morgoth only; he sought not his own, neither power nor glory, and death was his reward.|''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', "[[Quenta Silmarillion (Lost Road)|Quenta Silmarillion]]", §94}}
'''Fingon''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈfiŋɡon]}}; [[Years of the Trees]] – [[First Age]] 472), called 'the Valiant' by [[Maedhros]], was a [[High King of the Noldor]] in [[Beleriand]] during the [[First Age]].  He was the eldest son of [[Fingolfin]], older brother of [[Turgon]], [[Aredhel]], and [[Argon]].<ref group=note>[[Argon]] only appears in very late writings by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] as published in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', and is left out of the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.</ref>
'''Fingon''' was a [[Noldor]]in prince, and later [[High King of the Noldor]], noted for his skill in battle and was thus named "the Valiant" by his cousin [[Maedhros]].


== History ==
Fingon was the eldest son of [[Fingolfin]] and [[Anairë]], and he was the older brother of [[Turgon]], [[Aredhel]], and [[Argon]]. Fingon led the largest host in the [[Flight of the Noldor]] from [[Aman]] to [[Middle-earth]] where he then ruled over [[Dor-lómin]] and [[Hithlum]]. He ruled the Noldor as High King from {{FA|456}}, following the death of his father in single combat with [[Morgoth]]. However, Fingon is mostly remembered for his friendship with Maedhros, who he rescued from the peaks of [[Thangorodrim]], and for the manner of his death in battle with the [[Balrog]] [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] during the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. He was succeeded as High King by his brother [[Turgon]], who ruled the Noldor from [[Gondolin]].


The history of Fingon is tightly interwoven with the events surrounding the murder of his father Finwë King by Melkor and the theft of the Silmarils. As a result of Melkor's murder of Fingolfin on the steps of the Mindon on a feast day and stealing the Silmarils, and then leading the evil spider-being Ungoliant to kill the Two Trees of Valinor, Fëanor was filled with vengence against Melkor (calling him Morgoth, his name ever after) and roused the Noldor to leave Aman and pursue Morgoth to recover the stolen jewels.  Fëanor's hasty and ill-conceived plans were the result of his personal rage and loss on the death of his beloved father, as was the terrible Oath of Feanor taken by him and his seven sons to revenge the taking of the Silmarils and to kill any who would withhold them from Fëanor, or his progeny, regardless their status, motives, or intentions.
==History==
===In Aman===
Fingon was the eldest son of [[Fingolfin]], son of [[King of the Noldor]] [[Finwë]] and his second wife [[Indis]].<ref name="Eldamar">{{S|Eldamar}}</ref> Fingon was born between {{YT|1190|n}}<ref>{{AA|81}}</ref><ref group="note">Birth of Fingolfin.</ref> and {{YT|1300|n}}<ref name="Annals">{{AA|85|note}}</ref><ref group="note">Birth of [[Turgon]].</ref> in the [[Years of the Trees]], and whilst in Aman lived in [[Tirion]], home of the [[Noldor]] in [[Valinor]].<ref name="Eldamar" />


Fingon and [[Galadriel]] swore no Oath, but followed Fëanor in the march to Middle-earth for their own purposes, though they had little love for the Son of Míriel; but desired to have their own domains to rule and enjoy as they saw fit.
In {{YT|1495}}, [[Morgoth]], with the help of [[Ungoliant]], destroyed the [[Two Trees]], stole the [[Silmarils]] from the fortress of [[Formenos]] and killed Finwë.<ref name="AA">{{AA|107-128}}</ref> In anger, Fingon's uncle [[Fëanor]] made a speech in Tirion and, with [[Sons of Fëanor|his sons]], made [[Oath of Fëanor|an oath]] to recover the Silmarils and lead the Noldor in a flight to Beleriand. Most love there was for Fingolfin's people, and although Fingolfin was reluctant to join the flight, he went out of love for Fingon who, with his brother [[Turgon]], strongly supported Fëanor.<ref name="Flight">{{S|Flight}}</ref>


The House of Fingolfin, of which Fingon was the Elder Prince, had its own interests to protect, as the majority of the Nolder were in agreement to follow Fëanor to Middle-earth, they did not wish to follow Fëanor as their king. Many of the Noldor cared little for a blind, obsessed, pursuit of stolen jewels that were claimed by one who would only hide them away for his own keeping; and simply wanted to explore new lands and experience the wider World beyond the borders of Aman. These Nolder held loyalty to Fingolfin, Fingon, Turgon, Finarfin, and others who had spoken out urging reflection, consideration, and discussion before taking such a sudden and precipitious course.  Their wise words fell on deaf ears and in the heat of the moment, fearing that to allow the time for due consideration would result in a different outcome, the emotional storm of Fëanor's anger and purpose won the day and the March of the Nolder began.
During the flight of the Noldor, Fingon led the largest host and his people supported Fëanor in the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|First Kinslaying]] at [[Alqualondë]]. Once the host reached [[Araman]] in {{YT|1496}} there was great debate about how to reach [[Middle-earth]]. Fëanor's people secretly took all the [[Swan-ships]] and passed over the sea to land at [[Drengist]]; [[Maedhros]] - who was friendly with Fingon - wanted to send the ships back first to retrieve "Fingon the valiant" but Fëanor, to Maedhros's reluctance, burnt the ships at [[Losgar]].<ref name="Flight" /> Fingon, with the rest of the Noldor of Fingolfin and his cousin [[Finrod]], had to cross the dangerous grinding ice of [[Helcaraxë]] to much loss of life. They arrived in Middle-earth in {{YT|1500}}, after Fëanor had been killed in the second [[Battles of Beleriand|battle]] of [[Beleriand]], [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]].<ref>{{GA|52}}</ref><ref name="Return">{{S|Return}}</ref>
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Speed now this feathered shaft.jpg|thumb|left|''Speed now this feathered shaft'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
===Rescue of Maedhros===
In {{FA|1}}, soon after their arrival in Middle-earth following the rising of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]], the host of [[Fingolfin]] were attacked in the [[Battle of the Lammoth]]. Although victorious in battle against the [[Orcs]], Fingon's brother Argon was surrounded and killed.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, p. 362</ref>


Fingon went with his father Fingolfin and his uncle, Fëanor, and many of the Noldor from [[Aman]] to [[Middle-earth]] at the beginning of the [[First Age]]. When the Noldor decided to leave Aman under the heated urging of Fëanor they marched forth in three groups, the first group was led by Feanor with his kin and his closest friends and followers who made all haste, never looking back, in pursuit of Melkor, now named Morgoth by Fëanor after the murder of his father and the theft of the Silmarils.
There was no great love between the Houses of Fingolfin and Fëanor following the latter's burning of the ships, causing the former to cross the Helcaraxë. Fingon resolved to rebuild the relationship between these two great houses of the Noldor, so in {{FA|5}} went on a noble quest to Thangorodrim to rescue his cousin and friend Maedhros who had previously been captured by [[Morgoth]]. Travelling alone, and unseen in the darkness, Fingon climbed across the cracks and crevices of Thangorodrim but could not find Maedhros; eventually he took out his harp and sang. Finally, he could hear the distant voice of Maedhros singing in answer, but could not climb up to him. Maedhros begged Fingon to shoot him with his bow, but as Fingon cried to [[Manwë]] to "speed now this feathered shaft", the great [[Eagles|eagle]] [[Thorondor]] swooped down and lifted Fingon up. Fingon could not break Maedhros's chains - being of evil design by Morgoth - and although Maedhros begged Fingon to kill him, Fingon cut Maedhros's hand off at the wrist to free him. Borne back to [[Hithlum]] by Thorondor, Fingon's deed was praised as one of the most mighty amongst the Noldor. The hurt between the two houses was healed, and Maedhros waived the [[High King of the Noldor|High Kingship of the Noldor]] which then passed to Fingolfin.<ref name="Realms" />


Fingolfin and Fingon led the second group, together with his two nephews, and the host mainly loyal to the House of Fingolfin. The third group followed some distance behind, led by [[Turgon]] and [[Finarfin]], and included many Princes and leaders of the Noldor, including Galadriel; but this group continually looked back towards their home and were burdened with items they held dear that they carried with them.
[[Fingolfin]]'s people made their home in [[Hithlum]], mostly around [[Lake Mithrim]], and built the fortress of [[Barad Eithel]] to keep watch; in {{FA|7}}, at Maedhros's suggestion, Fëanor's sons moved to [[East Beleriand]].<ref>{{GA|65-71}}</ref> The region of [[Nevrast]] was taken by Fingon's brother [[Turgon]] (until he moved to [[Gondolin]]), whilst the south-western region of Hithlum, [[Dor-lómin]], was given to Fingon to rule over.<ref name="Realms">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref>


A part of the last group, the members and followers of Finarfin, abandoned the march entirely and returned to Tirion, disenchanted with the foundering and hasty decision based on dubious motives and questionable goals after coming upon the terrible kinslaying of the Teleri at Alqualondë.
===In Hithlum===
Following the great victory of the [[Noldor]] in the [[Dagor Aglareb]], the Glorious Battle, Fingon lived in a watchful peace known as the [[Siege of Angband]].<ref name="Return"/> In {{FA|155}}, [[Morgoth]] sent a force of along the coast to [[Drengist]] to attack [[Hithlum]] from the west. Having been seen by the [[Noldor]], Fingon heavily defeated the Orcs, causing Morgoth to realize that orcs alone were no match for the Elves.<ref>{{GA|155}}</ref> Over a hundred years later in {{FA|260}}, the great [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Glaurung]] came forth from [[Angband]] to attack the Elves;<ref name="GA260">{{GA|260}}</ref> although a new breed of [[fire-drakes|fire-drake]], Glaurung was still relatively young and only half-grown. The Elves fled to [[Ered Wethrin]] and [[Dorthonion]] as Glaurung defiled the [[Ard-galen]], but Fingon led a troop of archers on horseback to attack Glaurung. He could not withstand their arrows and fled, and for the next 200 years the peoples of [[Beleriand]] enjoyed the [[Long Peace]] and grew prosperous.<ref name="Return" /> In {{FA|416}}, [[Fingolfin]] granted [[Dor-lómin]] to the [[House of Hador]], the third house of the [[Edain]], and Fingon presented [[Hador]] with a [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin|Dragon-helm]] which eventually passed to [[Túrin]].<ref>{{WJ|14}}, p. 228</ref><ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}</ref>


Desiring a realm of her own, Galadriel continued with the third host to Middle-earth.
In winter {{FA|455}}, rivers of fire suddenly sprang forth from [[Angband]], turning the Ard-galen into the [[Anfauglith]]. This began the [[Dagor Bragollach]], the Battle of Sudden Flame.<ref name="Ruin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> The dragon Glaurung, now fully grown, led armies of [[Balrogs]] and [[Orcs]] in battle that resulted in the deaths of many Elves and Men. The remaining forces of the Noldor were scattered following this heavy defeat. Perceiving the ruin of the Noldor, Fingon's father Fingolfin challenged Morgoth to single combat. Fingolfin fought valiantly, and although he died in the battle, Morgoth himself was wounded and never again fought in single combat. Fingon thenbecame [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref name="Ruin" /><ref name="Realms" />
When the second group, with Fingon at its head, arrived in Alqualondë, the battle that was to be called the [[First Kinslaying]] had already been joined.


The armed vanguard of the second group of Noldor, led by Fingon, were faced with a situation of uncertain cause; regardless, their kin were engaged in a fierce fight and in need of aid, which Fingon, his nephews [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]] the Sons of Finarfin, and his men-at-arms provided, enabling the Nolder to successfully steal the Teleri ships and make way for Middle-earth. Fingon's group, and the third and last group that arrived some time later (that included Galadriel, Finarfin's daughter and Fingon's neice) were soon to see their loyalty and valour betrayed by Fëanor when the Swan Ships were set alight upon reaching Middle-earth rather than being sent back for those Noldor of the House of Fingolfin.  Fëanor deemed those who had just saved him and his people from being slain as useless, unworthy of being ferried across the sea by ship.
Seven years later, in {{FA|462}}, Morgoth sent a force of Orcs to attack Fingon's people in Hithlum. Galdor, son of Hador, died defending [[Eithel Sirion]] and his son [[Húrin]] took up the [[Lords of Dor-lómin|lordship of Dor-lómin]] and served Fingon thereafter. To the west, battle took place in Hithlum, and Fingon would have succumbed had it not been for a force of [[Falathrim]] elves under the command of [[Círdan]] who sailed up the Firth of [[Drengist]] and helped defeat the Orcs.<ref name="Ruin" />


Stung by Feanor's betrayal, the Curse of the Noldor the Kinslaying had brought, and the anger towards the Valar for pronouncing that Curse, the remaining two groups of Noldor elected to proceed northwards and cross the ice bridge to Middle-earth rather than return to Tirion in disgrace and defeat. The fact that they were the recipients of many blessings and gifts from the Valar were far from their minds, now filled with pride and rivalry by Melkor's flagitious lies and the shame of betraying the generosity and kindness of the Valar.
===Nirnaeth Arnoediad===
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Fingon and Gothmog.jpg|thumb|right|''Fingon and Gothmog'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Following the success of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] in the [[Quest for the Silmaril]], [[Maedhros]] saw that Morgoth was not unassailable and was emboldened to form the [[Union of Maedhros]] of Elves, Men and [[Dwarves]]. Maedhros would attack from the east and Fingon from the west. They planned to trap Morgoth between the two armies.<ref name="Fifth">{{S|Fifth}}</ref> Unlooked for, Fingon's brother [[Turgon]] unleashed a force of ten thousand Elves from [[Gondolin]]. On seeing this, Fingon cried:


Fingon achieved renown soon after for his daring rescue of [[Maedhros]] from [[Thangorodrim]].  Fingolfin gave Fingon a domain in [[Dor-lómin]], in the west of [[Hithlum]], where he did good service during the [[Siege of Angband]]; defeating [[Orcs]] that attempted to go around to the north and attack Hithlum from the west, and then later the first to fight against the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Glaurung]] when he first came forth from [[Angband]].
{{blockquote|'[[Utúlie'n aurë!]] Aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie'n aurë! The day has come! Behold, people of the Eldar and Fathers of Men, the day has come!' And all those who heard his great voice echo in the hills answered crying: 'Auta i lómë! The night is passing!'|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Fifth Battle]]"}}


Fingon became High King when Fingolfin died fighting [[Morgoth]] after the [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame"). Seven years later, Morgoth's forces invaded Hithlum, and Fingon was hard-pressed and outnumbered, but rescued by [[Círdan]] and his people of the [[Falas]], who came up the [[Firth of Drengist]] in their ships.
However, Maedhros' army had been delayed following the betrayal of [[Uldor]]. [[Morgoth]] therefore sent his Orcs swiftly over the Anfauglith to taunt Fingon and draw out his forces. They held firm until the Orcs brought forth [[Gelmir (son of Guilin)|Gelmir]] and cut off his legs, arms and head before them. [[Gwindor]], Gelmir's brother, was enraged by this; and he, with Fingon, led the charge. They reached the doors of Angband but all the [[Elves of Nargothrond]] were slain save Gwindor, who was taken captive.<ref name="Fifth" />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Fingon and Gothmog.jpg|thumb|left|"Fingon and Gothmog" by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
In the complex [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] ("Battle of Unnumbered Tears"), Fingon was nearly victorious; but in the end he was finally defeated, and then killed by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], lord of [[Balrogs]] with an axe after another Balrog bound him with its whip. So hated was he by Gothmog and his Dark Master that his body was entirely desecrated and, together with the blue and white flag of his House, was crushed into the earth where he had fallen until no trace save a bloody stain remained.  


Turgon became by right the High King of the Noldor, although after the battle he returned to the secrecy of [[Gondolin]].
On the fourth day, Fingon retreated and met his brother Turgon on the plains of Anfauglith. Some hours later, the banners of [[Maedhros]] appeared on the battlefield and the Elves were heartened, believing victory was in their grasp. However, Morgoth then unleashed [[wolves]], dragons and Balrogs led by [[Glaurung]], who separated the hosts of Fingon and Turgon from Maedhros. This battle, the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], The Battle of Unnumbered Tears, was the most grievous for the Elves. Fingon, with a host of Men from [[Dor-lómin]] led by [[Húrin]], was surrounded. Eventually, being pushed back, Fingon fought [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], lord of [[Balrogs]] in battle, but was killed by Gothmog's black axe after another Balrog bound him with a whip. This brought an end to Fingon's realm in [[Hithlum]], and his brother Turgon became High King of the Noldor,<ref name="Fifth" /> whilst Húrin was captured and tortured personally by Morgoth.<ref name="Narn" />


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
{{Pronounce|Fingon.mp3|Ardamir}}
{{Pronounce|Fingon.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Fingon'' is the [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] version of his [[Quenya]] [[father-name]], '''''Findekáno'''''. The latter consists of ''[[findë]]'' ("hair") + ''[[káno]]'' ("commander").<ref>{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 345</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 113</ref>
''Fingon'' includes the element ''fin'' meaning "hair" or "golden hair".<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''fin-''</ref> The name is the [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] version of his [[Quenya]] [[father-name]], '''''Findekáno''''' which consists of ''[[findë]]'' "hair" and ''[[káno]]'' "commander", "ruler", "chieftain";<ref>{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 345</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 113</ref><ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref> however, in the original "[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]" it was suggested ''find'' meant "skill".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "PHIN-"</ref>


== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' Fingon was the father of [[Gil-galad]], but this was an editorial mistake by [[Christopher Tolkien]], and is said "to have no wife or children". Argon does not appear in the published Silmarillion at all.
===Earliest versions===
[[Christopher Tolkien]] observed that in the very earliest versions of the legendarium, there is no mention of Fingon (or Fingolfin, Finarfin or [[Finrod]])<ref>{{LT1|VIIn}}, p. 173</ref><ref>{{LT1|Xn}}, p. 243</ref> However, when he first appears in "[[The Lay of the Children of Húrin]]" in the 1920s he is named '''''Finweg'''''<ref>{{LB|1}}, p. 5</ref> (and on one occasion ''Fingweg''),<ref>{{LB|1e}}, 102</ref> a name he retains in the "[[The Quenta]]" of the early 1930s even though his story closely matches that of the published ''Silmarillion''. A more significant difference is that originally Fingon spoke against [[Fëanor]] at [[Tirion]],<ref>{{MR|Annals}}, pp. 121, 125</ref> whilst in the later 1951 version of ''Quenta Silmarllion'', Fingon and [[Turgon]] did not take part in the Kinslaying at [[Alqualondë]].<ref>{{MR|P3I7}}, p. 196</ref>
 
Fingon is renamed from ''Finweg'' the 1930s around the time of the ''[[Annals of Beleriand]]'',<ref>{{SM|7Ic}}, p. 316</ref> and was firmly ''Fingon'' by the time [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] reworked the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion (Lost Road)|Quenta Silmarillion]]'' in 1937-8.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, passim</ref> In an [[Old English]] version of the ''[[Quenta Noldorinwa]]'', Fingon's name is given as '''''Finbrand'''''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}, p. 213</ref>
 
===Later versions===
In the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Fingon was the father of [[Gil-galad]], which was a brief idea that Tolkien had, but this inclusion was an editorial decision by Christopher Tolkien who admitted it would have been better had his parentage remained obscure and that Gil-galad being the son of [[Orodreth]] was Tolkien's "last word on the subject".<ref>{{WJ|Ruin}}, pp. 242-3</ref><ref>{{PM|Gilgalad}}, passim</ref>


== Genealogy ==
== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1495}}''</small>|IND=[[Indis]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|MIR=[[Míriel]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1170}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1495}}''</small>|IND=[[Indis]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|MIR=[[Míriel]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1170}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG |y| ANA | | IRM | | FIR | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]</br><small>''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''</small>|FDS=[[Findis]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]</br><small>''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''</small>|ANA=[[Anairë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|IRM=[[Írimë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FIR=[[Finarfin]]</br><small>''b. {{YT|1230}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG |y| ANA | | IRM | | FIR | | | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]</br><small>''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''</small>|FDS=[[Findis]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]</br><small>''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''</small>|ANA=[[Anairë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|IRM=[[Írimë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FIR=[[Finarfin]]</br><small>''b. {{YT|1230}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
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{{familytree| | | MAE | | FIN | | TUR |y| ELE | | ARE |y| EOL | | ARG |MAE=[[Maedhros]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|587}}''</small>|FIN='''FINGON'''</br><small>''d. {{FA|472}}''</small>|ARE=[[Aredhel]]</br><small>''{{YT|1362}} - {{FA|400}}''</small>|TUR=[[Turgon]]</br><small>''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|510}}''</small>|ELE=[[Elenwë]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1500}}''</small>|EOL=[[Eöl]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|400}}''</small>|ARG=[[Argon]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|1}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
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{{familytree| | | TUO |y| IDR | | | | | | MAE | | | | | ||MAE=[[Maeglin]]</br><small>''{{FA|320}} - {{FA|510|n}}''</small>|IDR=[[Idril]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|TUO=[[Tuor]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|472}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | TUO |y| IDR | | | | | | MAE | | | | | | ||MAE=[[Maeglin]]</br><small>''{{FA|320}} - {{FA|510|n}}''</small>|IDR=[[Idril]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|TUO=[[Tuor]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|472}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | EAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||EAR=[[Eärendil]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|503}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | EAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EAR=[[Eärendil]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|503}}''</small>}}
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[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[de:Fingon]]
[[de:Fingon]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/fingon]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/fingon]]
[[fi:Fingon]]
[[fi:Fingon]]

Revision as of 09:28, 17 October 2020

Fingon
Noldo
Anna Lee - Fingon.jpg
"Fingon" by Anna Lee
Biographical Information
PronunciationS, [ˈfiŋɡon]
Other namesFindekáno (Q, fn)
TitlesHigh King of the Noldor
LocationTirion; Dor-lómin
AffiliationUnion of Maedhros
LanguageQuenya and Sindarin
Birthbetween Y.T. 1190 and 1300
Tirion
RuleF.A. 456 - 472
DeathF.A. 472 (aged 2,388-3,442[note 1])
Anfauglith in Nirnaeth Arnoediad
Notable forRescuing Maedhros
Battling Gothmog
Family
HouseHouse of Fingolfin
ParentageFingolfin and Anairë
SiblingsTurgon, Aredhel and Argon[note 2]
ChildrenNone (but Gil-galad in published Silmarillion)
Physical Description
GenderMale
Hair colorDark
WeaponryBow
GalleryImages of Fingon
"Of all the children of Finwë he is justly most renowned: for his valour was as a fire and yet as steadfast as the hills of stone; wise he was and skilled in voice and hand; truth and justice he loved and bore good will to all, both Elves and Men, hating Morgoth only; he sought not his own, neither power nor glory, and death was his reward."
The Lost Road and Other Writings, "Quenta Silmarillion", §94

Fingon was a Noldorin prince, and later High King of the Noldor, noted for his skill in battle and was thus named "the Valiant" by his cousin Maedhros.

Fingon was the eldest son of Fingolfin and Anairë, and he was the older brother of Turgon, Aredhel, and Argon. Fingon led the largest host in the Flight of the Noldor from Aman to Middle-earth where he then ruled over Dor-lómin and Hithlum. He ruled the Noldor as High King from F.A. 456, following the death of his father in single combat with Morgoth. However, Fingon is mostly remembered for his friendship with Maedhros, who he rescued from the peaks of Thangorodrim, and for the manner of his death in battle with the Balrog Gothmog during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. He was succeeded as High King by his brother Turgon, who ruled the Noldor from Gondolin.

History

In Aman

Fingon was the eldest son of Fingolfin, son of King of the Noldor Finwë and his second wife Indis.[1] Fingon was born between 1190[2][note 3] and 1300[3][note 4] in the Years of the Trees, and whilst in Aman lived in Tirion, home of the Noldor in Valinor.[1]

In Y.T. 1495, Morgoth, with the help of Ungoliant, destroyed the Two Trees, stole the Silmarils from the fortress of Formenos and killed Finwë.[4] In anger, Fingon's uncle Fëanor made a speech in Tirion and, with his sons, made an oath to recover the Silmarils and lead the Noldor in a flight to Beleriand. Most love there was for Fingolfin's people, and although Fingolfin was reluctant to join the flight, he went out of love for Fingon who, with his brother Turgon, strongly supported Fëanor.[5]

During the flight of the Noldor, Fingon led the largest host and his people supported Fëanor in the First Kinslaying at Alqualondë. Once the host reached Araman in Y.T. 1496 there was great debate about how to reach Middle-earth. Fëanor's people secretly took all the Swan-ships and passed over the sea to land at Drengist; Maedhros - who was friendly with Fingon - wanted to send the ships back first to retrieve "Fingon the valiant" but Fëanor, to Maedhros's reluctance, burnt the ships at Losgar.[5] Fingon, with the rest of the Noldor of Fingolfin and his cousin Finrod, had to cross the dangerous grinding ice of Helcaraxë to much loss of life. They arrived in Middle-earth in Y.T. 1500, after Fëanor had been killed in the second battle of Beleriand, Dagor-nuin-Giliath.[6][7]

Speed now this feathered shaft by Jenny Dolfen

Rescue of Maedhros

In F.A. 1, soon after their arrival in Middle-earth following the rising of the Sun and Moon, the host of Fingolfin were attacked in the Battle of the Lammoth. Although victorious in battle against the Orcs, Fingon's brother Argon was surrounded and killed.[8]

There was no great love between the Houses of Fingolfin and Fëanor following the latter's burning of the ships, causing the former to cross the Helcaraxë. Fingon resolved to rebuild the relationship between these two great houses of the Noldor, so in F.A. 5 went on a noble quest to Thangorodrim to rescue his cousin and friend Maedhros who had previously been captured by Morgoth. Travelling alone, and unseen in the darkness, Fingon climbed across the cracks and crevices of Thangorodrim but could not find Maedhros; eventually he took out his harp and sang. Finally, he could hear the distant voice of Maedhros singing in answer, but could not climb up to him. Maedhros begged Fingon to shoot him with his bow, but as Fingon cried to Manwë to "speed now this feathered shaft", the great eagle Thorondor swooped down and lifted Fingon up. Fingon could not break Maedhros's chains - being of evil design by Morgoth - and although Maedhros begged Fingon to kill him, Fingon cut Maedhros's hand off at the wrist to free him. Borne back to Hithlum by Thorondor, Fingon's deed was praised as one of the most mighty amongst the Noldor. The hurt between the two houses was healed, and Maedhros waived the High Kingship of the Noldor which then passed to Fingolfin.[9]

Fingolfin's people made their home in Hithlum, mostly around Lake Mithrim, and built the fortress of Barad Eithel to keep watch; in F.A. 7, at Maedhros's suggestion, Fëanor's sons moved to East Beleriand.[10] The region of Nevrast was taken by Fingon's brother Turgon (until he moved to Gondolin), whilst the south-western region of Hithlum, Dor-lómin, was given to Fingon to rule over.[9]

In Hithlum

Following the great victory of the Noldor in the Dagor Aglareb, the Glorious Battle, Fingon lived in a watchful peace known as the Siege of Angband.[7] In F.A. 155, Morgoth sent a force of along the coast to Drengist to attack Hithlum from the west. Having been seen by the Noldor, Fingon heavily defeated the Orcs, causing Morgoth to realize that orcs alone were no match for the Elves.[11] Over a hundred years later in F.A. 260, the great dragon Glaurung came forth from Angband to attack the Elves;[12] although a new breed of fire-drake, Glaurung was still relatively young and only half-grown. The Elves fled to Ered Wethrin and Dorthonion as Glaurung defiled the Ard-galen, but Fingon led a troop of archers on horseback to attack Glaurung. He could not withstand their arrows and fled, and for the next 200 years the peoples of Beleriand enjoyed the Long Peace and grew prosperous.[7] In F.A. 416, Fingolfin granted Dor-lómin to the House of Hador, the third house of the Edain, and Fingon presented Hador with a Dragon-helm which eventually passed to Túrin.[13][14]

In winter F.A. 455, rivers of fire suddenly sprang forth from Angband, turning the Ard-galen into the Anfauglith. This began the Dagor Bragollach, the Battle of Sudden Flame.[15] The dragon Glaurung, now fully grown, led armies of Balrogs and Orcs in battle that resulted in the deaths of many Elves and Men. The remaining forces of the Noldor were scattered following this heavy defeat. Perceiving the ruin of the Noldor, Fingon's father Fingolfin challenged Morgoth to single combat. Fingolfin fought valiantly, and although he died in the battle, Morgoth himself was wounded and never again fought in single combat. Fingon thenbecame High King of the Noldor.[15][9]

Seven years later, in F.A. 462, Morgoth sent a force of Orcs to attack Fingon's people in Hithlum. Galdor, son of Hador, died defending Eithel Sirion and his son Húrin took up the lordship of Dor-lómin and served Fingon thereafter. To the west, battle took place in Hithlum, and Fingon would have succumbed had it not been for a force of Falathrim elves under the command of Círdan who sailed up the Firth of Drengist and helped defeat the Orcs.[15]

Nirnaeth Arnoediad

Fingon and Gothmog by Ted Nasmith

Following the success of Beren and Lúthien in the Quest for the Silmaril, Maedhros saw that Morgoth was not unassailable and was emboldened to form the Union of Maedhros of Elves, Men and Dwarves. Maedhros would attack from the east and Fingon from the west. They planned to trap Morgoth between the two armies.[16] Unlooked for, Fingon's brother Turgon unleashed a force of ten thousand Elves from Gondolin. On seeing this, Fingon cried:

'Utúlie'n aurë! Aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie'n aurë! The day has come! Behold, people of the Eldar and Fathers of Men, the day has come!' And all those who heard his great voice echo in the hills answered crying: 'Auta i lómë! The night is passing!'
Quenta Silmarillion, "Of the Fifth Battle"

However, Maedhros' army had been delayed following the betrayal of Uldor. Morgoth therefore sent his Orcs swiftly over the Anfauglith to taunt Fingon and draw out his forces. They held firm until the Orcs brought forth Gelmir and cut off his legs, arms and head before them. Gwindor, Gelmir's brother, was enraged by this; and he, with Fingon, led the charge. They reached the doors of Angband but all the Elves of Nargothrond were slain save Gwindor, who was taken captive.[16]

On the fourth day, Fingon retreated and met his brother Turgon on the plains of Anfauglith. Some hours later, the banners of Maedhros appeared on the battlefield and the Elves were heartened, believing victory was in their grasp. However, Morgoth then unleashed wolves, dragons and Balrogs led by Glaurung, who separated the hosts of Fingon and Turgon from Maedhros. This battle, the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, The Battle of Unnumbered Tears, was the most grievous for the Elves. Fingon, with a host of Men from Dor-lómin led by Húrin, was surrounded. Eventually, being pushed back, Fingon fought Gothmog, lord of Balrogs in battle, but was killed by Gothmog's black axe after another Balrog bound him with a whip. This brought an end to Fingon's realm in Hithlum, and his brother Turgon became High King of the Noldor,[16] whilst Húrin was captured and tortured personally by Morgoth.[14]

Etymology

Fingon includes the element fin meaning "hair" or "golden hair".[17] The name is the Sindarized version of his Quenya father-name, Findekáno which consists of findë "hair" and káno "commander", "ruler", "chieftain";[18][19][20] however, in the original "Etymologies" it was suggested find meant "skill".[21]

Other versions of the legendarium

Earliest versions

Christopher Tolkien observed that in the very earliest versions of the legendarium, there is no mention of Fingon (or Fingolfin, Finarfin or Finrod)[22][23] However, when he first appears in "The Lay of the Children of Húrin" in the 1920s he is named Finweg[24] (and on one occasion Fingweg),[25] a name he retains in the "The Quenta" of the early 1930s even though his story closely matches that of the published Silmarillion. A more significant difference is that originally Fingon spoke against Fëanor at Tirion,[26] whilst in the later 1951 version of Quenta Silmarllion, Fingon and Turgon did not take part in the Kinslaying at Alqualondë.[27]

Fingon is renamed from Finweg the 1930s around the time of the Annals of Beleriand,[28] and was firmly Fingon by the time Tolkien reworked the Quenta Silmarillion in 1937-8.[29] In an Old English version of the Quenta Noldorinwa, Fingon's name is given as Finbrand.[30]

Later versions

In the published The Silmarillion, Fingon was the father of Gil-galad, which was a brief idea that Tolkien had, but this inclusion was an editorial decision by Christopher Tolkien who admitted it would have been better had his parentage remained obscure and that Gil-galad being the son of Orodreth was Tolkien's "last word on the subject".[31][32]

Genealogy

Míriel
d. Y.T. 1170
 
Finwë
d. Y.T. 1495
 
Indis
b. Y.T.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fëanor
Y.T. 1169 - 1497
 
Findis
b. Y.T.
 
Fingolfin
Y.T. 1190 - F.A. 456
 
Anairë
b. Y.T.
 
Írimë
b. Y.T.
 
Finarfin
b. Y.T. 1230
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maedhros
d. F.A. 587
 
FINGON
d. F.A. 472
 
Turgon
Y.T. 1300 - F.A. 510
 
Elenwë
d. Y.T. 1500
 
Aredhel
Y.T. 1362 - F.A. 400
 
Eöl
d. F.A. 400
 
Argon
d. F.A. 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tuor
b. F.A. 472
 
Idril
b. Y.T.
 
 
 
 
 
Maeglin
F.A. 320 - 510
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eärendil
b. F.A. 503
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Notes

  1. Years of the Sun. Each Year of the Tree is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the year 1500. So, 472 + 9.582 x 200 = 2,388. 472 + 9.582 x 310 = 3,442.
  2. Argon only appears in very late writings by Tolkien as published in The History of Middle-earth, and is left out of the published The Silmarillion.
  3. Birth of Fingolfin.
  4. Birth of Turgon.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië"
  2. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Morgoth's Ring, "The Annals of Aman": §81
  3. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Morgoth's Ring, "The Annals of Aman": Note on §85
  4. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Morgoth's Ring, "The Annals of Aman": §107-128
  5. 5.0 5.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Flight of the Noldor"
  6. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "The Grey Annals": §52
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Return of the Noldor"
  8. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "XI. The Shibboleth of Fëanor", p. 362
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of Beleriand and its Realms"
  10. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "The Grey Annals": §65-71
  11. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "The Grey Annals": §155
  12. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "The Grey Annals": §260
  13. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "Part Two. The Later Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Coming of Men into the West (Chapter 14)", p. 228
  14. 14.0 14.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "Narn i Hîn Húrin (The Tale of the Children of Húrin)"
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"
  16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Fifth Battle: Nirnaeth Arnoediad"
  17. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Appendix: Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names", entry fin-
  18. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "XI. The Shibboleth of Fëanor", "The names of Finwë's descendants", p. 345
  19. J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson), p. 113
  20. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Istari"
  21. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lost Road and Other Writings, Part Three: "The Etymologies", entry "PHIN-"
  22. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Book of Lost Tales Part One, "VII. The Flight of the Noldoli": "Notes and Commentary", p. 173
  23. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Book of Lost Tales Part One, "X. Gilfanon's Tale: The Travail of the Noldoli and the Coming of Mankind": "Notes and Commentary", p. 243
  24. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lays of Beleriand, "I. The Lay of the Children of Húrin", p. 5
  25. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lays of Beleriand, "I. The Lay of the Children of Húrin, Second Version of the Lay: I. (Húrin and Morgoth)", 102
  26. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Morgoth's Ring, "Part Two. The Annals of Aman", pp. 121, 125
  27. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Morgoth's Ring, "Part Three. The Later Quenta Silmarillion: (I) The First Phase: 7. Of the Flight of the Noldor", p. 196
  28. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Shaping of Middle-earth, "VII. The Earliest Annals of Beleriand: Commentary on the Annals of Beleriand (text AB I)", p. 316
  29. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lost Road and Other Writings, "Part Two: Valinor and Middle-earth before The Lord of the Rings, VI. Quenta Silmarillion", passim
  30. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Shaping of Middle-earth, "III. The Quenta: Appendix 1: Fragments of a translation of The Quenta Noldorinwa into Old English, made by Ælfwine or Eriol; together with Old English equivalents of Elvish names", p. 213
  31. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "Part Two. The Later Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin (Chapter 15)", pp. 242-3
  32. , passim
Fingon
House of Fingolfin
Born: during the Years of the Trees Died: F.A. 472
Preceded by:
Fingolfin
High King of the Noldor
F.A. 456472
Followed by:
Turgon