La
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| − | '''la''' or '''lá''' (whenever stressed)<ref>{{VT| | + | '''''la''''' or '''''lá''''' (whenever stressed) is a negation adverb meaning "no, not".<ref name=VT42e>{{VT|42e}}, pp. 32-33</ref> |
The word can get pronominal endings as if a negative verb when a verb is not expressed, apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood , as in English "I do not". | The word can get pronominal endings as if a negative verb when a verb is not expressed, apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood , as in English "I do not". | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| − | [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[LA]]<ref>{{VT| | + | [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[LA]]<ref>{{VT|45a}}, p. 25</ref> |
==Forms== | ==Forms== | ||
*''ala, [[á]]la'' "do not!" | *''ala, [[á]]la'' "do not!" | ||
**''ala[[lye]]''<ref>{{VT|43}}</ref> | **''ala[[lye]]''<ref>{{VT|43}}</ref> | ||
**''ala[[me]]'' "do not to us" | **''ala[[me]]'' "do not to us" | ||
| − | *''la[[nye]]'' "I do not, am not" (''[[mel]]in [[sé]] [[apa]] '''lanye''' [[hé]]'' *“I love him but I do not him [that one]”)<ref>{{VT| | + | *''la[[nye]]'' "I do not, am not" (''[[mel]]in [[sé]] [[apa]] '''lanye''' [[hé]]'' *“I love him but I do not him [that one]”)<ref>{{VT|49a}}, p. 15</ref> |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
*''[[al-]]'' | *''[[al-]]'' | ||
==Other versions== | ==Other versions== | ||
| − | In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, ''lá'' had the opposite meaning "yes"<ref | + | In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, ''lá'' had the opposite meaning "yes".<ref name=VT42e/> |
Tolkien considered that the negation could receive tense markers however he later reconsidered it. The tenses where ''la'' was attested are: | Tolkien considered that the negation could receive tense markers however he later reconsidered it. The tenses where ''la'' was attested are: | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
*''lauva'' (future) | *''lauva'' (future) | ||
==Inspiration== | ==Inspiration== | ||
| − | In Arabic languages, "no" is ''la'a'' | + | In Arabic languages, "no" is ''la'a''. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said himself that this negative form "''appears in [[Wikipedia:Semitic languages|Semitic]]''".<ref name=VT42e/> |
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
| + | {{title|lowercase}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:La}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:La}} | ||
| − | [[ | + | [[Category:Quenya words]] |
Latest revision as of 20:58, 19 October 2012
la or lá (whenever stressed) is a negation adverb meaning "no, not".[1]
The word can get pronominal endings as if a negative verb when a verb is not expressed, apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood , as in English "I do not".
[edit] Etymology
[edit] Forms
- ala, ála "do not!"
- lanye "I do not, am not" (melin sé apa lanye hé *“I love him but I do not him [that one]”)[4]
[edit] See also
[edit] Other versions
In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes".[1]
Tolkien considered that the negation could receive tense markers however he later reconsidered it. The tenses where la was attested are:
- la (aorist)
- laia (present)
- láne (past)
- alaie (perfect)
- lauva (future)
[edit] Inspiration
In Arabic languages, "no" is la'a. Tolkien said himself that this negative form "appears in Semitic".[1]
[edit] References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bill Welden, "Negation in Quenya", in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 42, July 2001, pp. 32-33
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies — Part One" (edited by Carl F. Hostetter and Patrick H. Wynne), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 45, November 2003, p. 25
- ↑ Vinyar Tengwar, Number 43, January 2002
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals and Related Writings — Part Three" (edited by Patrick H. Wynne), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 49, June 2007, p. 15