Lenition: Difference between revisions
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*k > g: OS *''a'''k'''ar-'' > S ''[[agar]]'' "blood" | *k > g: OS *''a'''k'''ar-'' > S ''[[agar]]'' "blood" | ||
*b > v: OS | *b > v: OS ''[[Abóro|A'''b'''óro]]'' > S ''[[Afor]]'' "refuser; Avar"<ref group="note" name="Q">Similar softening occurred in [[Quenya]] also.</ref> | ||
*d > dh: OS *''ba'''d'''ro'' > S ''[[badhor]]'' "brother" | *d > dh: OS *''ba'''d'''ro'' > S ''[[badhor]]'' "brother" | ||
*g > -: OS *''jaga'' > *''jaȝa''<ref group="note">The intermediate stage of ''g'' to extinction was [[yogh]]</ref> > S ''[[iâ]]'' "abyss"<ref group="note" name="Q"/> | *g > -: OS *''jaga'' > *''jaȝa''<ref group="note">The intermediate stage of ''g'' to extinction was [[yogh]]</ref> > S ''[[iâ]]'' "abyss"<ref group="note" name="Q"/> | ||
*m > v: OS *''ra'''m'''ia-'' > S ''[[revia-]]'' "to wander" | *m > v: OS *''ra'''m'''ia-'' > S ''[[revia-]]'' "to wander" | ||
*s > -: OS *'' | *s > -: OS *''thele'''s'''e'' > *''thelehe'' > S ''[[thele]]'' "sister" | ||
*w- > gw-: OS ''[[wende|'''w'''ende]]'' > S ''[[gwen]]'' "maiden" | |||
*kh- > h-: OS *'''''kh'''anda'' > S ''[[hand]]'' "intelligence" | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references group="note"/> | <references group="note"/> | ||
Revision as of 16:58, 25 May 2011
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Lenition is a phonological and grammatical aspect of Sindarin which reflects the phonological mutations of the language in its evolution from Old Sindarin.
Historical background
Lenition refers to the mutation of medial consonants, occurring usually between two vowels (VCV). It affected the Old Sindarin sounds p, t, k, b, d, g, m and s.
The sounds w, kh were lenited only at the beginning of a word.
More specifically, the evolution of these sounds can be visualized in these examples:
- p > b: OS *capro > S cabor "frog"
- t > d: OS *atar > S adar "father"
- k > g: OS *akar- > S agar "blood"
- b > v: OS Abóro > S Afor "refuser; Avar"[note 1]
- d > dh: OS *badro > S badhor "brother"
- g > -: OS *jaga > *jaȝa[note 2] > S iâ "abyss"[note 1]
Notes
External links
- Mutations in Sindarin by Thorsten Renk; it also covers Lenition.
- Soft mutation from the Ardalambion article on Sindarin by Helge Fauskanger
