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'''Pengolodh''' was a [[Loremaster]] of the [[Noldor]].
{{noldor infobox
| name=Pengolodh
| image=[[File:Natalie Chen - Pengolodh in Arvernien.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Pengolodh in Arvernien" by [[:Category:Images by Natalie Chen|Natalie Chen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Quendingoldo''/''Quengoldo'' [[Quenya|Q]]
| titles=
| position=Loremaster
| location=[[Nevrast]]; [[Gondolin]]; [[Havens of Sirion]]; [[Lindon]]; [[Tol Eressëa]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Khuzdul]]?
| birth=early [[Years of the Sun]]<ref group=note>Nevrast was abandoned by the Noldor in {{FA|116}}, so Pengolodh must have been born between the migration of the Noldor, and that year.</ref>
| birthlocation=[[Nevrast]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Noldor|Noldorin]] lord and a [[Sindar|Sindarin]] lady
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Pengolodh''' was a [[Loremaster]] of the [[Noldor]] in [[Gondolin]].


==History==
==History==
Pengolodh was an [[Elves|Elf]] of [[Gondolin]], who was born in [[Nevrast]] to a Noldorin lord and a [[Sindar|Sindarin]] lady. As a member of the [[Lambengolmor]], he was known as the "Sage of the Noldor", and counted as the greatest Loremaster since [[Fëanor]] and [[Rúmil the loremaster|Rúmil]].
Pengolodh was an [[Elves|Elf]], born in [[Nevrast]] to a [[Sindar|Sindarin]] and a [[Noldor|Noldorin]] parent; when [[Turgon]] built his Hidden City in [[Tumladen]], he moved with his people there. As a member of the [[Lambengolmor]], he was known as the "Sage of the Noldor", and counted as the greatest Loremaster since [[Fëanor]] and [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]].<ref name=Quendi>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 396-7</ref>


Pengolodh escaped the sack of the city with [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], and followed them to the [[Havens of Sirion]]. He is not further mentioned in writing, but since the ''[[Annals of Beleriand]]'' are attributed to him, as well as the edited ''[[The Annals of Aman|Annals of Aman]]'' (furthering the work of Rúmil), he must have stayed in [[Lindon]] for at least a while after the [[War of Wrath]], so that the [[Dúnedain]] could copy his work.
Pengolodh escaped the [[Fall of Gondolin]] with [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], and followed them to the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]].<ref name=Quendi/> The ''[[Annals of Beleriand]]'' are attributed to him, as well as the edited ''[[Annals of Valinor]]'' (furthering the work of Rúmil).


It was during his stay at the [[Mouths of the Sirion]] that Pengolodh did the majority of his work. Basing on information obtained from the refugees of [[Doriath]], he made copies and extracts of documents written in [[Cirth]], possibly preserving them as an active writing system.
It was during his stay at the [[Mouths of Sirion]] that Pengolodh did the majority of his work. Basing on information obtained from the refugees of [[Doriath]], he made copies and extracts of documents written in [[Cirth]],<ref name=Quendi/> possibly preserving them as an active writing system; possibly he must have stayed in [[Lindon]] for at least a while after the [[War of Wrath]], so that the [[Dúnedain]] could copy his work.


Later, in the [[Second Age]], he dwelt in the Kingdom of [[Ereinion Gil-galad]]. Pengolodh was one of the few Elves admitted into [[Khazad-dûm]], where he might have learned [[Khuzdul]]. Pengolodh left Middle-earth during the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] and after the fall of [[Eregion]], and left for [[Tol Eressëa]], last of the Loremasters to leave Middle-earth.
Later, in the [[Second Age]], he dwelt in the Kingdom of [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]]. Pengolodh was one of the few Elves admitted into [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]],<ref name=Quendi/> where he might have learned [[Khuzdul]].<ref group=note>The essay "[[Quendi and Eldar]]" never explicitly mentions that Pengolodh was taught Khuzdul, but in a different account of his life it is stated that he learned Khuzdul "''in its archaic form as used in the habitations of the Dwarves in [[Blue Mountains|Ered Lindon]]''" ({{VT|48a}}, p. 6 (Note 3)).</ref>
 
Unlike the early [[loremasters]] who did not give much importance to ''[[hwermë]]'', it is said that Pengolodh collected much material concerning gesture-systems.<ref>{{WJ|AD}}, pp. 395, 397</ref>
 
It was during the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] and after the fall of [[Eregion]] when Pengolodh left [[Middle-earth]] for [[Tol Eressëa]], last of the Loremasters to leave Middle-earth.<ref name=Quendi/>
 
Ages later, he accepted [[Ælfwine]] the traveler and taught him about the Elves and the [[Elder Days]]. Some of their discussions were recorded as ''[[Dangweth Pengoloð]]''.
 
==Works==
There are many Elvish texts of unknown author that could be attributed to Pengolodh, but here are listed only those explicitly written by him. It is also unknown how many of his works were included in the [[Translations from the Elvish]].
 
*''[[Annals of Beleriand]]''
*''[[Dangweth Pengoloð]]''
**''[[Of Lembas]]''
*''[[Eldarinwë Leperi arë Notessi]]''
*''[[Ósanwe-kenta]]'' (only survives summarized)
*''[[Quendi and Eldar]]''
 
First written by Rúmil:
*''[[Annals of Valinor]]''
*''[[Lhammas]]''
*''[[Ainulindalë]]'' (narrated to Ælfwine by Pengolodh)


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The name Pengolodh contains the words ''[[ben|pen]]'' and ''[[golodh]]''; it was the [[Sindarin]] form of his [[Quenya]] name, '''Quendingoldo'''. Both names mean 'Elf-Noldo', or more loosely, "Noldorin Elf".
The [[Sindarin]] name ''Pengolodh'' is glossed as "'teaching sage', doctor of lore",<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 139</ref> consisting of the words ''[[pen]]'' ("somebody") and ''[[golodh]]'' ("lore-master, sage").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=http://eldamo.org/content/words/word-8990395.html|articlename=S. ''Pengolodh'' n.|website=[http://eldamo.org/index.html Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon]|accessed=23 December 2019}}</ref> The [[Quenya]] version of his name was '''''Quendingoldo''''' or '''''Quengoldo'''''.<ref>{{HM|PM}}, pp. 401, 404-5</ref><ref>{{VT|48a}}, pp. 5, 14</ref>


It has been also spelled '''Pengolod''', '''Pengoloð''', '''Pengoloth''', and '''Pengoloþ''' — but the ending in all cases representing the voiced [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative same sound])
''Pengolodh'' also appears spelled '''''Pengolod''''', '''''Pengoloð''''',<ref name=PE17/> '''''Pengoloth''''', and '''''Pengoloþ'''''.


==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
==Other versions of the legendarium==
Pengolodh does not appear in any of the canon works of Middle-earth, but in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' he is given as the author of many works, including the ''[[Annals of Beleriand]]'', a work which was developed by Tolkien at the same time as ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', and from which [[Christopher Tolkien]] drew much information to establish the published ''Silmarillion''. Various late essays by Tolkien dealing with linguistics are presented as being the work of Pengolodh, including the remarkable work ''[[Quendi and Eldar]]''.
Pengolodh does not appear in any of the canon narratives of Middle-earth, but is mentioned in texts published in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''; he is given as the fictional author of many works, including the ''[[Annals of Beleriand]]'', a work which was developed by Tolkien at the same time as ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', and from which [[Christopher Tolkien]] drew much information to establish the published ''Silmarillion''. Various late essays by Tolkien dealing with linguistics are presented as being the work of Pengolodh, including the remarkable work ''[[Quendi and Eldar]]''.


Early Tolkien texts stated that, after removing to Tol Eressëa, Pengolodh lived in a village called ''[[Tavrobel]]'' (or ''Tathrobel''). Centuries later [[Ælfwine]] spoke with him there. The figure of [[Gilfanon]], which fulfilled a similar role as a chronicler of the annals of Beleriand in earlier works, probably became this character as well in Tolkien's mind.
Because of Pengolodh's nature as a literary device, he does not appear actively as a protagonist in any of the stories. All information about his life come from biographical notes written by Tolkien.


{{references}}
Early Tolkien texts stated that, after removing to Tol Eressëa, Pengolodh lived in a village called ''[[Tavrobel]]'' (or ''Tathrobel''). Centuries later [[Ælfwine]] spoke with him there. The figure of [[Gilfanon]], which fulfilled a similar role as a chronicler of the annals of Beleriand in earlier works, probably became this character as well in Tolkien's mind.<ref>{{LR|Appendix}}</ref>
===Possible erasure from the legendarium===
In the late 1950s Tolkien apparently decided that the [[Legendarium]] is not Elvish, but a Mannish tradition.<ref>{{MR|P5I}}</ref> Dawn M. Walls-Thumma notes that after that point, Pengolodh's name fails to be mentioned by Tolkien in the later works and revisions; for example the ''[[Grey Annals]]'' are attributed to Sindarin and Noldorin sources but Pengolodh is not mentioned; Pengolodh was mentioned in the first draft of ''[[The Annals of Aman]]'', along with [[Quennar]] and [[Rúmil]], but in the second draft only Rúmil remains; Pengolodh's name is also removed in a revision of ''[[The Tale of Years (The War of the Jewels)|The Tale of Years]]'' and while Pengolodh was attributed in the First Phase of [[The Later Quenta Silmarillion|The Later ''Quenta Silmarillion'']], his name is removed from the Second Phase. Walls-Thumma however notes that the texts are still Elf-focused and they still include elements that wouldn't be known by Rúmil alone.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Dawn M. Walls-Thumma]]|articleurl=http://www.silmarillionwritersguild.org/reference/references/pf/pengolodh.php|articlename=Character Biography: Pengolodh|website=Silmarillion Writers' Guild|accessed=8 July 2023}}</ref>
 
== External links ==
* ''[http://www.silmarillionwritersguild.org/reference/references/pf/pengolodh.php Character Biography: Pengolodh]'' by [[Dawn M. Walls-Thumma]]
 
{{references|note}}
[[Category:Chroniclers of Arda]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Moriquendi]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

Latest revision as of 12:49, 10 September 2023

Pengolodh
Noldo
Natalie Chen - Pengolodh in Arvernien.jpg
"Pengolodh in Arvernien" by Natalie Chen
Biographical Information
Other namesQuendingoldo/Quengoldo Q
PositionLoremaster
LocationNevrast; Gondolin; Havens of Sirion; Lindon; Tol Eressëa
LanguageQuenya, Sindarin, Khuzdul?
Birthearly Years of the Sun[note 1]
Nevrast
Family
ParentageNoldorin lord and a Sindarin lady
Physical Description
GenderMale
GalleryImages of Pengolodh

Pengolodh was a Loremaster of the Noldor in Gondolin.

History[edit | edit source]

Pengolodh was an Elf, born in Nevrast to a Sindarin and a Noldorin parent; when Turgon built his Hidden City in Tumladen, he moved with his people there. As a member of the Lambengolmor, he was known as the "Sage of the Noldor", and counted as the greatest Loremaster since Fëanor and Rúmil.[1]

Pengolodh escaped the Fall of Gondolin with Tuor and Idril, and followed them to the Havens of Sirion.[1] The Annals of Beleriand are attributed to him, as well as the edited Annals of Valinor (furthering the work of Rúmil).

It was during his stay at the Mouths of Sirion that Pengolodh did the majority of his work. Basing on information obtained from the refugees of Doriath, he made copies and extracts of documents written in Cirth,[1] possibly preserving them as an active writing system; possibly he must have stayed in Lindon for at least a while after the War of Wrath, so that the Dúnedain could copy his work.

Later, in the Second Age, he dwelt in the Kingdom of Ereinion Gil-galad. Pengolodh was one of the few Elves admitted into Khazad-dûm,[1] where he might have learned Khuzdul.[note 2]

Unlike the early loremasters who did not give much importance to hwermë, it is said that Pengolodh collected much material concerning gesture-systems.[2]

It was during the War of the Elves and Sauron and after the fall of Eregion when Pengolodh left Middle-earth for Tol Eressëa, last of the Loremasters to leave Middle-earth.[1]

Ages later, he accepted Ælfwine the traveler and taught him about the Elves and the Elder Days. Some of their discussions were recorded as Dangweth Pengoloð.

Works[edit | edit source]

There are many Elvish texts of unknown author that could be attributed to Pengolodh, but here are listed only those explicitly written by him. It is also unknown how many of his works were included in the Translations from the Elvish.

First written by Rúmil:

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The Sindarin name Pengolodh is glossed as "'teaching sage', doctor of lore",[3] consisting of the words pen ("somebody") and golodh ("lore-master, sage").[4] The Quenya version of his name was Quendingoldo or Quengoldo.[5][6]

Pengolodh also appears spelled Pengolod, Pengoloð,[3] Pengoloth, and Pengoloþ.

Other versions of the legendarium[edit | edit source]

Pengolodh does not appear in any of the canon narratives of Middle-earth, but is mentioned in texts published in The History of Middle-earth; he is given as the fictional author of many works, including the Annals of Beleriand, a work which was developed by Tolkien at the same time as The Silmarillion, and from which Christopher Tolkien drew much information to establish the published Silmarillion. Various late essays by Tolkien dealing with linguistics are presented as being the work of Pengolodh, including the remarkable work Quendi and Eldar.

Because of Pengolodh's nature as a literary device, he does not appear actively as a protagonist in any of the stories. All information about his life come from biographical notes written by Tolkien.

Early Tolkien texts stated that, after removing to Tol Eressëa, Pengolodh lived in a village called Tavrobel (or Tathrobel). Centuries later Ælfwine spoke with him there. The figure of Gilfanon, which fulfilled a similar role as a chronicler of the annals of Beleriand in earlier works, probably became this character as well in Tolkien's mind.[7]

Possible erasure from the legendarium[edit | edit source]

In the late 1950s Tolkien apparently decided that the Legendarium is not Elvish, but a Mannish tradition.[8] Dawn M. Walls-Thumma notes that after that point, Pengolodh's name fails to be mentioned by Tolkien in the later works and revisions; for example the Grey Annals are attributed to Sindarin and Noldorin sources but Pengolodh is not mentioned; Pengolodh was mentioned in the first draft of The Annals of Aman, along with Quennar and Rúmil, but in the second draft only Rúmil remains; Pengolodh's name is also removed in a revision of The Tale of Years and while Pengolodh was attributed in the First Phase of The Later Quenta Silmarillion, his name is removed from the Second Phase. Walls-Thumma however notes that the texts are still Elf-focused and they still include elements that wouldn't be known by Rúmil alone.[9]

External links[edit | edit source]

Notes

  1. ↑ Nevrast was abandoned by the Noldor in F.A. 116, so Pengolodh must have been born between the migration of the Noldor, and that year.
  2. ↑ The essay "Quendi and Eldar" never explicitly mentions that Pengolodh was taught Khuzdul, but in a different account of his life it is stated that he learned Khuzdul "in its archaic form as used in the habitations of the Dwarves in Ered Lindon" (J.R.R. Tolkien, "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals and Related Writings — Part Two" (edited by Patrick H. Wynne), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 48, December 2005, p. 6 (Note 3)).

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "Part Four. Quendi and Eldar", pp. 396-7
  2. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "Part Four. Quendi and Eldar: Appendix D. *Kwen, Quenya, and the Elvish (especially Ñoldorin) words for 'Language'", pp. 395, 397
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson), p. 139
  4. ↑ Paul Strack, "S. Pengolodh n.", Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon (accessed 23 December 2019)
  5. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, pp. 401, 404-5
  6. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals and Related Writings — Part Two" (edited by Patrick H. Wynne), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 48, December 2005, pp. 5, 14
  7. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lost Road and Other Writings, "Appendix"
  8. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Morgoth's Ring, "Part Five. Myths Transformed", "[Text] I"
  9. ↑ Dawn M. Walls-Thumma, "Character Biography: Pengolodh", Silmarillion Writers' Guild (accessed 8 July 2023)
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