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{{footnotes}}{{location
{{location infobox
| name=Rhûn
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Rhun map.jpg|250px]]
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Rhun map.jpg|250px]]
| name=Rhûn
| caption=Rhûn from a map used for [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]]
| othernames=The East
| pronun=
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[rhûn]]'' "east"
| othernames=the East, the Eastlands, ''[[Rómen]]''
| type=Realm
| location=Eastern Lands of [[Middle-earth]], east of [[Mordor]] and [[Rhovanion]]
| location=Eastern Lands of [[Middle-earth]], east of [[Mordor]] and [[Rhovanion]]
| inhabitants=[[Easterlings]]
| type=Region
| realms=Rhûn
| description=
| description=East of [[Mordor]] and the [[Sea of Rhûn]]
| regions=[[Dorwinion]], [[Cuivienen]]<ref name=Captivity>{{S|Captivity}}</ref>, [[Hildorien]]<ref name=Men>{{S|Men}}</ref>, [[Wild Wood]]<ref name=Captivity></ref><ref name=Guide>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 427</ref><ref name=Atlas>{{HM|AME}}, p. 5</ref>
| events=
| towns=
| references=
| inhabitants=[[Easterlings]], [[Dwarves]], [[Avari]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[Awakening of Elves]], [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves|Awakening of Dwarves]], [[Awakening of Men]]
}}
}}
'''Rhûn''' refers to the little-known lands to the east of [[Middle-earth]] inhabited by peoples known as the "[[Easterlings]]", from whom many attacks on [[Gondor]] and its allies came during the [[Third Age]].
'''Rhûn''', also known as the '''East''', refers to the little-known lands in eastern [[Middle-earth]]. Almost nothing of the lands beyond the great [[Sea of Rhûn]] is known (see [[Land of the Sun|Uttermost East]]).


It is known as a wide and vast land with many kingdoms, and strange and unexplored places. Almost nothing of the lands beyond the great [[Sea of Rhûn]] is known (see [[Uttermost East]]).
==History==
==History==
Far beyond the Sea of Rhûn was another inland sea, the [[Sea of Helcar]], and beyond that the range of [[Orocarni]], the Red Mountains. Somewhere in the lost east, too, lay [[Cuiviénen]] and [[Hildórien]], where [[Elves]] and [[Men]] first awoke: all the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] could trace their ancestries back to the eastward regions of Middle-earth.
The first Elves awoke far east of the Sea of Rhûn, and many of them were led to the [[Westlands]] by [[Oromë]]. Some Elves forsook this [[Great Journey]] and chose to remain in Rhûn; they were called the [[Avari]]. Eventually some of the Avari would also migrate West.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 53</ref><ref>{{WJ|Author}}, note 9</ref>


The first Men who were migrating to the West, pass from northern Rhûn where they met some [[Dwarves]].<ref>{{WJ|Dwarves}}</ref> At the shores of the inland Sea, the tribes separated and their languages soon diverged.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref>
The first Men also awoke in the far east, where they first met [[Dwarves]]<ref>{{WJ|Dwarves}}</ref> and Avari. The ancestors of the [[Edain]] and [[Drúedain]] traveled west out of Rhûn. At the shores of the Sea of Rhûn, some of the Mannish tribes traveling west separated and their languages soon diverged.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}, pp. 373-374</ref> Other men remained in Rhûn, and many of them came under the dominion of [[Morgoth]] and, later, [[Sauron]]. These men were called [[Easterlings]], and they led many attacks against [[Gondor]] and its allies during the [[Third Age]].


In the later [[Ages]] Rhûn was the domain of the [[Easterlings]], [[Men of Darkness]] who were ready to follow both the Dark Lords and fought as their allies in war. These lands, too, were peopled by lost Elves, [[Avari]] and [[Úmanyar]], and by four of the seven clans of the [[Dwarves]] who dwelt in the Orocarni.
In the [[Second Age|Second]] or [[Third Age]]s the [[Blue Wizards]] went into the deep regions of Rhûn, never to return.<ref name="PMLast">{{PM|Last}}, pp. 384-85</ref> [[Saruman]] may have joined them before returning and occupying [[Isengard]]. During the [[Watchful Peace]], [[Sauron]] went to hiding in Rhûn for 400 years and gathered the Easterlings to his service; the Blue Wizards failed to discover his eastern stronghold.<ref name="PMLast"/>


[[Sauron]] himself journeyed into the eastward lands, in hiding from the [[White Council]] during the centuries of the [[Watchful Peace]].
The most western parts of Rhûn were conquered by Gondor twice, under the Kings [[Rómendacil I]] and [[Rómendacil II]], but the Númenóreans never had full control over it. Western Rhûn was finally subdued in the [[Fourth Age]] under [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] and his son [[Eldarion]].<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref>
 
Rhûn was conquered by Gondor twice: under the Kings [[Rómendacil I]] and [[Rómendacil II]], but the Númenóreans never had full control over it. Western Rhûn was finally subdued in the [[Fourth Age]] under King Elessar and his son [[Eldarion]].


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Stefano Baldo - Rhûn.jpg|thumb|left|''Rhûn'' by Stefano Baldo]]
[[File:Stefano Baldo - Rhûn.jpg|thumb|left|''Rhûn'' by Stefano Baldo]]
The western part of Rhûn is shown on the Lord of the Rings map. It contains the great [[Sea of Rhûn]], connected with three rivers, one northeast, a part of [[River Running]], one northwest and one running north from [[Mordor]]. It also shows a small mountain range southwest of the sea and a forest northeast of it.
[[Cuiviénen]], the lake where the [[Elves]] [[awakening of the Elves|awoke]], was somewhere in Rhûn.<ref name=Captivity></ref> The eastern parts of the continent also featured two great mountain ranges, the [[Orocarni|Red]] and [[Yellow Mountains]]. [[Hildórien]], the origin of [[Men]], was also somewhere in the east.<ref name=Men></ref> Beyond these, the continent of [[Middle-earth]] ended on the shores of the [[East Sea]].
Northwest of the Sea of Rhûn lays also the land of [[Dorwinion]].


The inland [[Sea of Rhûn]] was located in western Rhûn on the border between Rhûn and  [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]. There were mountains on the southwest side of the Sea of Rhûn and a forest on the northeast side. Wild white [[Kine of Araw]], or oxen, lived near the shores of the Sea of Rhûn.
The western part of Rhûn was given in maps of the [[Westlands]] of Middle-earth. It contained the great [[Sea of Rhûn]], connected the [[River Running]] in the northwest. A forest lay to the north-east of the Sea, and near the south-western shores there were many hills. South-west of the Sea of Rhûn lay also the land of [[Dorwinion]].


Rhûn's ancient geography can be gleaned a little from [[The Silmarillion]]; throughout most of the [[First Age]] the vast [[Sea of Helcar]] was located there and beyond that the [[Orocarni]] ('red mountains').
The inland [[Sea of Rhûn]] was located in western Rhûn on the border between Rhûn and [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]. There were mountains on the southwest side of the Sea of Rhûn and a forest on the north-east side. Wild white [[Kine of Araw]], or oxen, lived near the shores of the Sea of Rhûn.
 
The [[Wild Wood]], the ancient and mythical forest where the [[Elves]] wondered at their first Dawn,<ref>{{TT|Uruk}}</ref> was located near [[Cuiviénen]] and the [[Orocarni]].<ref name=Captivity></ref><ref name=Guide></ref><ref name=Atlas></ref>
 
Further east in Rhûn were ancient regions where the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] first awoke: [[Cuiviénen]] for the Elves, which lay on the shores of [[Sea of Helcar]] near the [[Orocarni]] (Red Mountains); and [[Hildórien]] for Men. Four [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] clans were also located in Rhûn<ref name=Dwarves></ref>{{rp|301}}; their mansions were at least as far east from [[Mount Gundabad]] in the [[Misty Mountains]] as Mount Gundabad lay east of the [[Blue Mountains]].
 
===Dwarves of Rhûn===
[[Dwarves]] emerged in Middle-earth in the [[Years of the Trees]]; after Elves but before Men. When the [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Seven Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke in far-flung corners of Middle-earth, some of them found themselves in Rhûn, and there they founded kingdoms in the [[East]]. In the First Age, it is said that some [[Men]] had met Dwarves of the [[East]] who had fallen under the [[Shadow]] and were of evil mind and were distrustful of their race.<ref name=Dwarves></ref>{{rp|323 n.28}}
 
The distance between their mansions in the East and the [[Misty Mountains]], specifically [[Gundabad]], was said to be as great or greater than that of Gundabad's distance from the [[Blue Mountains]] in the West. These four clans are the [[Ironfists]], [[Stiffbeards]], [[Blacklocks]] and [[Stonefoots]].<ref name=Dwarves>{{PM|X}}</ref>{{rp|301, 322}}
 
In the [[Third Age]], Dwarves of those kingdoms journeyed out of Rhûn to join all Middle-earth's other Dwarf clans in the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], which was fought in and under the [[Misty Mountains]]. After this war, the survivors returned home. Late in the Third Age, when war and terror grew in Rhûn itself, considerable numbers of its Dwarves left their ancient homelands. They sought refuge in Middle-earth's western lands, where some of them met [[Frodo Baggins]].<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The word '''''rhûn''''' means "east" in [[Sindarin]]. Compare [[Quenya]] ''[[rómen]]''.<ref>{{App|E2i}}</ref>
The word '''''Rhûn''''' means "East" in [[Sindarin]]. Compare [[Quenya]] ''[[rómen]]''.<ref>{{App|E2i}}</ref>
 
==Inspiration==
Rhûn and the easternmost lands of Middle-earth seem to be based primarily on the lands of [[Wikipedia:South Asia|southern]], [[Wikipedia:Central Asia|central]], and [[Wikipedia:East Asia|eastern Asia]].
 
In the earliest drafts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Bilbo offered to walk from the [[The Shire|Shire]] "to ''[cancelled: [[Wikipedia:Hindu Kush|Hindu Kush]]]'' the [[Wikipedia:Gobi Desert|Great Desert of Gobi]] and fight the Wild Wire worm(s) of the [[Wikipedia:China|Chinese]]."<ref>{{HH|Pryftan}}, p. 9</ref> In a slightly later version [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] altered this to say "to the last desert in the East and fight the Wild Wireworms of the Chinese",<ref>{{HH|Bladorthin}}, p. 40</ref> and in the final version it was altered once more to say "to the East of East and fight the wild [[Were-worms]] in the [[Last Desert]]."<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref>
 
The Wainriders, as well as the Balchoth, were known for traveling in great camps of wagons which they fortified.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Given the eastern origins of the group, this bears many similarities to the [[Wikipedia:Orda (organization)|orda]] military structure employed by the [[Wikipedia:Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Wikipedia:Mongols|Mongol]] peoples.{{fact}}
 
==Other versions of the legendarium==
In a [[1948]] note on his ''[[General Map of Middle-earth]]'', [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] drew arrow from the [[River Running]] with the direction to the end of the map, and carries the note: "To Sea of Rûnaer". [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]] suggest that '''''Rûnaer''''' is likely an alternative name of ''Rhûn''.<ref>{{HM|AoL}}, p. 199</ref>
 
==Other notes==
As the general direction of the [[West]] was revered by the [[Gondorians]],<ref>{{TT|Window}}</ref> conversely the East had evil connotations in some contexts as it where [[Mordor]] lay; the people of Gondor endured the east wind but do not ask it for tidings, because it came from the "[[Sauron|Evil in the East]]".<ref>{{TT|III1}}</ref>
 
==See also==
*[[Uttermost East]]
*[[Last Desert]]
*[[Uttermost West]]


{{references}}
{{references}}
* {{FR|Council}}
* {{FR|Breaking}}
* {{TT|Gate}}
* {{TT|Herbs}}
* {{TT|Window}}
* {{RK|Maps}}
* {{App|Gondor}}
* {{App|Eorl}}
* {{PM|Elendil}}
* {{PM|Third}}
* {{PM|A}}
* {{PM|Dwarves}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Rhun}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rhun}}
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]
[[Category:Eastern lands]]
[[Category:Eastern lands]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
 
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]
[[de:Rhûn]]
[[de:Rhûn]]
[[fi:Rhûn]]
[[fi:Rhûn]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/rhun]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/rhun]]

Revision as of 12:36, 13 August 2019

Rhûn
Region
The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Rhun map.jpg
Rhûn from a map used for The Lord of the Rings film series
General Information
Other namesthe East, the Eastlands, Rómen
LocationEastern Lands of Middle-earth, east of Mordor and Rhovanion
TypeRegion
RegionsDorwinion, Cuivienen[1], Hildorien[2], Wild Wood[1][3][4]
People and History
InhabitantsEasterlings, Dwarves, Avari
EventsAwakening of Elves, Awakening of Dwarves, Awakening of Men
GalleryImages of Rhûn

Rhûn, also known as the East, refers to the little-known lands in eastern Middle-earth. Almost nothing of the lands beyond the great Sea of Rhûn is known (see Uttermost East).

History

The first Elves awoke far east of the Sea of Rhûn, and many of them were led to the Westlands by Oromë. Some Elves forsook this Great Journey and chose to remain in Rhûn; they were called the Avari. Eventually some of the Avari would also migrate West.[5][6]

The first Men also awoke in the far east, where they first met Dwarves[7] and Avari. The ancestors of the Edain and Drúedain traveled west out of Rhûn. At the shores of the Sea of Rhûn, some of the Mannish tribes traveling west separated and their languages soon diverged.[8] Other men remained in Rhûn, and many of them came under the dominion of Morgoth and, later, Sauron. These men were called Easterlings, and they led many attacks against Gondor and its allies during the Third Age.

In the Second or Third Ages the Blue Wizards went into the deep regions of Rhûn, never to return.[9] Saruman may have joined them before returning and occupying Isengard. During the Watchful Peace, Sauron went to hiding in Rhûn for 400 years and gathered the Easterlings to his service; the Blue Wizards failed to discover his eastern stronghold.[9]

The most western parts of Rhûn were conquered by Gondor twice, under the Kings Rómendacil I and Rómendacil II, but the Númenóreans never had full control over it. Western Rhûn was finally subdued in the Fourth Age under King Elessar and his son Eldarion.[10]

Geography

Rhûn by Stefano Baldo

Cuiviénen, the lake where the Elves awoke, was somewhere in Rhûn.[1] The eastern parts of the continent also featured two great mountain ranges, the Red and Yellow Mountains. Hildórien, the origin of Men, was also somewhere in the east.[2] Beyond these, the continent of Middle-earth ended on the shores of the East Sea.

The western part of Rhûn was given in maps of the Westlands of Middle-earth. It contained the great Sea of Rhûn, connected the River Running in the northwest. A forest lay to the north-east of the Sea, and near the south-western shores there were many hills. South-west of the Sea of Rhûn lay also the land of Dorwinion.

The inland Sea of Rhûn was located in western Rhûn on the border between Rhûn and Wilderland. There were mountains on the southwest side of the Sea of Rhûn and a forest on the north-east side. Wild white Kine of Araw, or oxen, lived near the shores of the Sea of Rhûn.

The Wild Wood, the ancient and mythical forest where the Elves wondered at their first Dawn,[11] was located near Cuiviénen and the Orocarni.[1][3][4]

Further east in Rhûn were ancient regions where the Children of Ilúvatar first awoke: Cuiviénen for the Elves, which lay on the shores of Sea of Helcar near the Orocarni (Red Mountains); and Hildórien for Men. Four Dwarven clans were also located in Rhûn[12]:301; their mansions were at least as far east from Mount Gundabad in the Misty Mountains as Mount Gundabad lay east of the Blue Mountains.

Dwarves of Rhûn

Dwarves emerged in Middle-earth in the Years of the Trees; after Elves but before Men. When the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves awoke in far-flung corners of Middle-earth, some of them found themselves in Rhûn, and there they founded kingdoms in the East. In the First Age, it is said that some Men had met Dwarves of the East who had fallen under the Shadow and were of evil mind and were distrustful of their race.[12]:323 n.28

The distance between their mansions in the East and the Misty Mountains, specifically Gundabad, was said to be as great or greater than that of Gundabad's distance from the Blue Mountains in the West. These four clans are the Ironfists, Stiffbeards, Blacklocks and Stonefoots.[12]:301, 322

In the Third Age, Dwarves of those kingdoms journeyed out of Rhûn to join all Middle-earth's other Dwarf clans in the War of the Dwarves and Orcs, which was fought in and under the Misty Mountains. After this war, the survivors returned home. Late in the Third Age, when war and terror grew in Rhûn itself, considerable numbers of its Dwarves left their ancient homelands. They sought refuge in Middle-earth's western lands, where some of them met Frodo Baggins.[13]

Etymology

The word Rhûn means "East" in Sindarin. Compare Quenya rómen.[14]

Inspiration

Rhûn and the easternmost lands of Middle-earth seem to be based primarily on the lands of southern, central, and eastern Asia.

In the earliest drafts of The Hobbit, Bilbo offered to walk from the Shire "to [cancelled: Hindu Kush] the Great Desert of Gobi and fight the Wild Wire worm(s) of the Chinese."[15] In a slightly later version J.R.R. Tolkien altered this to say "to the last desert in the East and fight the Wild Wireworms of the Chinese",[16] and in the final version it was altered once more to say "to the East of East and fight the wild Were-worms in the Last Desert."[17]

The Wainriders, as well as the Balchoth, were known for traveling in great camps of wagons which they fortified.[18] Given the eastern origins of the group, this bears many similarities to the orda military structure employed by the Turkic and Mongol peoples.[source?]

Other versions of the legendarium

In a 1948 note on his General Map of Middle-earth, Tolkien drew arrow from the River Running with the direction to the end of the map, and carries the note: "To Sea of Rûnaer". Hammond and Scull suggest that Rûnaer is likely an alternative name of Rhûn.[19]

Other notes

As the general direction of the West was revered by the Gondorians,[20] conversely the East had evil connotations in some contexts as it where Mordor lay; the people of Gondor endured the east wind but do not ask it for tidings, because it came from the "Evil in the East".[21]

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor"
  2. 2.0 2.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of Men"
  3. 3.0 3.1 Robert Foster, The Complete Guide to Middle-earth, p. 427
  4. 4.0 4.1 Karen Wynn Fonstad (1991), The Atlas of Middle-earth, p. 5
  5. J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson), p. 53
  6. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "Part Four. Quendi and Eldar: Author's Notes to Quendi and Eldar", note 9
  7. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "Part Two. The Later Quenta Silmarillion: Concerning the Dwarves (Chapter 13)"
  8. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "XII. The Problem of Ros", pp. 373-374
  9. 9.0 9.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "XIII. Last Writings", pp. 384-85
  10. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The House of Eorl"
  11. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, "The Uruk-hai"
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "Of Dwarves and Men"
  13. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Shadow of the Past"
  14. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix E, "Writing", "The Fëanorian Letters"
  15. J.R.R. Tolkien, John D. Rateliff (ed.), The History of The Hobbit, Mr. Baggins, The First Phase, "The Pryftan Fragment", p. 9
  16. J.R.R. Tolkien, John D. Rateliff (ed.), The History of The Hobbit, Mr. Baggins, The First Phase, "The Bladorthin Typescript", p. 40
  17. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "An Unexpected Party"
  18. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Gondor and the Heirs of Anárion"
  19. Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull, The Art of The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien, p. 199
  20. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, "The Window on the West"
  21. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, "The Departure of Boromir"