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'''Sangahyando''' was a great-grandson of [[Castamir]], who had usurped the throne of [[Gondor]]. After the rightful King, [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], had regained his realm, Castamir's sons fled to the [[Haven of Umbar]], where they formed a refuge and base for the enemies of Gondor. Sangahyando was one of their descendants, and with another, [[Angamaitë]], he led a raid on [[Pelargir]] nearly two hundred years after their grandfathers had been driven from that city into exile. Their raid was a stunning success, and they succeeded in slaying Gondor's King at that time, [[Minardil]].
{{gondorian infobox
==Etymology==
| name=Sangahyando
The [[Quenya]] name ''Sangahyando'' literally means "Throng-cleaver" (said to be interpretable as "hewer of hostile ranks"). The first element in the name is ''sanga'' ("throng").<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 116</ref>
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
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| position=
| location=[[Umbar]]
| affiliation=[[Corsairs of Umbar]]
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=''unknown''; great-grandson of [[Castamir]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
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}}
'''Sangahyando''' was one of the great-grandsons of [[Castamir]] the Usurper.<ref name=Telemnar>{{App|Gondor}}, entry for king Telemnar</ref>


In the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', the name was misprinted as ''Sangahyanda''.<ref name=PE17/>
== History ==
He and [[Angamaitë]], another great-grandson of Castamir, were leaders of the [[Corsairs of Umbar]].<ref name=ElendilC>{{PM|Elendil}}, manuscript C, The Heirs of Elendil, The Southern Line of Gondor: the Anarioni, 25. Minardil, p. 199</ref> The name Sangahyando was possibly not his birth name, but a personal warrior name (or nickname). There was no need to assert his royal descent with this name, because his royal descent was clear.<ref name=L347>{{L|347}}</ref>
 
Angamaitë and Sangayando learned through spies that [[Minardil]], the [[King of Gondor]], was in the [[Gondor]]ian port of [[Pelargir]] and that he suspected no peril since his father had crushed Harad and Umbar.<ref name=ElendilC/> In {{TA|1634}}<ref name=TA1634>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 1634</ref><ref name=T4>{{PM|Third}}, manuscript T4, entry for the year 1634</ref> the Corsairs of Umbar, led by Angamaitë and Sangayando, made a raid up the river [[Anduin]], killed king Minardil in Pelargir<ref name=Telemnar/>, ravaged Pelargir<ref name=TA1634/><ref name=T4/> and the coasts and escaped with great booty.<ref name=ElendilC/>
 
== Etymology ==
''Sangahyando'' is a [[Quenya]] name. It literally means "Throng-cleaver"<ref name=L347/> (said to be interpretable as "hewer of hostile ranks"). The first element in the name is ''sanga'' ("press" or "throng") and the second element is ''hyando'' ("cleaver").<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, p. 116 entry Q ''Sangahyanda''</ref> A throng is a closely formed body of enemy soldiers.<ref>{{L|347|133}}</ref>
 
== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | CAL | | |CAL=[[Calimehtar (son of Calmacil)|Calimehtar]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | CAS | | |CAS=[[Castamir]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1259|n}} - {{TA|1447|n}}''†</small>}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | SON | | |SON=''sons''<br/><small>''unknown''†</small>}}
{{familytree | |F|~|A|~|7| |}}
{{familytree | |:| | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | ANG | | SAN |ANG=[[Angamaitë]]<br/><small>''fl. {{TA|1634|n}}''</small>|SAN='''SANGAHYANDO'''<br/><small>''fl. {{TA|1634|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}
 
== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In the manuscripts for what would later become appendix A and appendix B and in the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' his name was ''Sangahyanda''.<ref name=T4/><ref name=ElendilC/> His name was changed to ''Sangahyando'' in the second edition of ''The Lord of the Rings''.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, Commentary relating to the entry for king Minardil in manuscript B, p. 215</ref><ref name=PE17/>
 
In the ''[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]'', [[Qenya]] ''sangahyando'' ("throng-cleaver") is said to be the name of a sword.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 388-9 (entries for STAG- and SYAD-)</ref><ref>{{VT|46a}}, p. 16</ref>


{{references}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Dúnedain]]
[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Haradrim]]
[[Category:Mariners]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Latest revision as of 15:42, 30 March 2022

Sangahyando
Gondorian
Biographical Information
LocationUmbar
AffiliationCorsairs of Umbar
Family
HouseHouse of Anárion
Parentageunknown; great-grandson of Castamir
Physical Description
GenderMale

Sangahyando was one of the great-grandsons of Castamir the Usurper.[1]

History[edit | edit source]

He and Angamaitë, another great-grandson of Castamir, were leaders of the Corsairs of Umbar.[2] The name Sangahyando was possibly not his birth name, but a personal warrior name (or nickname). There was no need to assert his royal descent with this name, because his royal descent was clear.[3]

Angamaitë and Sangayando learned through spies that Minardil, the King of Gondor, was in the Gondorian port of Pelargir and that he suspected no peril since his father had crushed Harad and Umbar.[2] In T.A. 1634[4][5] the Corsairs of Umbar, led by Angamaitë and Sangayando, made a raid up the river Anduin, killed king Minardil in Pelargir[1], ravaged Pelargir[4][5] and the coasts and escaped with great booty.[2]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

Sangahyando is a Quenya name. It literally means "Throng-cleaver"[3] (said to be interpretable as "hewer of hostile ranks"). The first element in the name is sanga ("press" or "throng") and the second element is hyando ("cleaver").[6] A throng is a closely formed body of enemy soldiers.[7]

Genealogy[edit | edit source]

 
 
Calimehtar
unknown
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Castamir
1259 - 1447
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
sons
unknown
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Angamaitë
fl. 1634
 
SANGAHYANDO
fl. 1634


Other versions of the legendarium[edit | edit source]

In the manuscripts for what would later become appendix A and appendix B and in the first edition of The Lord of the Rings his name was Sangahyanda.[5][2] His name was changed to Sangahyando in the second edition of The Lord of the Rings.[8][6]

In the Etymologies, Qenya sangahyando ("throng-cleaver") is said to be the name of a sword.[9][10]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Gondor and the Heirs of Anárion", entry for king Telemnar
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "VII. The Heirs of Elendil", manuscript C, The Heirs of Elendil, The Southern Line of Gondor: the Anarioni, 25. Minardil, p. 199
  3. 3.0 3.1 J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 347, (dated 17 December 1972)
  4. 4.0 4.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age", entry for the year 1634
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "VIII. The Tale of Years of the Third Age", manuscript T4, entry for the year 1634
  6. 6.0 6.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson), p. 116 entry Q Sangahyanda
  7. J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 347, (dated 17 December 1972)
  8. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "VII. The Heirs of Elendil", Commentary relating to the entry for king Minardil in manuscript B, p. 215
  9. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lost Road and Other Writings, Part Three: "The Etymologies", pp. 388-9 (entries for STAG- and SYAD-)
  10. J.R.R. Tolkien, "Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies — Part Two" (edited by Carl F. Hostetter and Patrick H. Wynne), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 46, July 2004, p. 16