https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Alexanderkelly&feedformat=atomTolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T12:55:22ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elvish&diff=150261Elvish2011-04-20T15:55:38Z<p>Alexanderkelly: /* Inspiration */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Elvish''' (''Quenderin'')<ref>{{PE|18}}, page 72</ref> is a word that refers to any of the languages of the [[Elves]], or all of them collectively. All of the Elven languages descend from the [[Primitive Quendian]].<br />
<br />
During the [[Third Age]] the term "Elvish" usually referred specifically to [[Sindarin]] since it was the most common vernacular of the Elves.<br />
==Tree of the Elvish languages==<br />
Major splits and variations were a result of the [[Great March]] of the Elves in the [[First Age]], and the other migrations of the following millennia.<br />
<br />
*'''[[Primitive Quendian]]''' (language of the Elves in [[Cuiviénen]])<br />
**'''[[Avarin]]'''<br />
***'''Various Avarin languages''' (some later merged with Nandorin)<br />
**'''[[Common Eldarin]]''' (the early language of all the [[Eldar]])<br />
***'''[[Quenya]]''' (the language of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and the [[Vanyar]])<br />
****''' ''[[Vanyarin|Quendya]]'' (also ''Vanyarin Quenya'') ''' (daily tongue of the Vanyar: closest to archaic Quenya)<br />
****''' ''[[Noldorin|Ñoldorin Quenya]]'' (also ''Exilic Quenya'') ''' (the "Elven Latin" of Middle-earth)<br />
***'''[[Common Telerin]]''' (the early language of all the [[Lindar]])<br />
****'''[[Telerin]]''' (the language of the [[Teleri]] who reached the [[Undying Lands]]; considered a dialect of Quenya, although of different branch)<br />
****'''[[Nandorin]]''' (languages of the [[Nandor]] &mdash; some were influenced by Avarin)<br />
*****'''Original language of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]]'''<br />
*****'''Original language of [[Lothlórien|Lórinand]]'''<br />
****'''[[Sindarin]]''' (language of the [[Sindar]])<br />
*****'''[[Doriathrin]]''' (dialect of [[Doriath]])<br />
*****'''[[Falathrin]]''' (dialect of the [[Falas]] and [[Nargothrond]])<br />
*****'''[[North Sindarin]]''' (dialects of [[Dorthonion]] and [[Hithlum]])<br />
<br />
The Elves made use of the [[Tengwar]] and [[Cirth]] scripts for their languages.<br />
<br />
===Pronunciation===<br />
Tolkien used the Roman alphabet to write the names and words of Elvish origin in his works. Sindarin and Quenya have in most aspects very much the same rules in his spelling of the names. Tolkien used the Roman letters having in mind "neutral" values, close to their original Latin ones: open, consistent and straightforward pronunciation, without glides.<br />
<br />
It's important to remember that, while most samples of the Elvish language are written with the Latin alphabet, within the fiction the languages were written using [[Tengwar]], or occasionally carved in [[Cirth]].<br />
<br />
The following table gives pronunciation for each letter or cluster in international phonetic script and examples:<br />
<br />
====Vowels====<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"<br />
!Letter / [[Digraph (orthography)|Digraph]]<br />
!Pronunciation<br />
!IPA<br />
! Further comment<br />
|-<br />
|a<br />
|as in f'''a'''ther, just short<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;]}}<br />
|never as in c'''a'''t<br />
|-<br />
|á<br />
|as in f'''a'''ther<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|â<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in f'''a'''ther, but even longer<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|ae<br />
|(in Sindarin) the vowels described for ''a'' and ''e'' in one syllable. <br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#603;&#815;]}}<br />
|Similar to ''ai''<br />
|-<br />
|ai<br />
|a diphthong, similar to that in '''e'''ye, but with short vowels<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#618;&#815;]}}<br />
|never as in r'''ai'''n<br />
|-<br />
|au<br />
|''a'' and ''u'' run together in one syllable. Similar to the sound in h'''ou'''se<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#650;&#815;]}}<br />
|never as in s'''au'''ce<br />
|-<br />
|aw<br />
|(in Sindarin) a common way to write ''au'' at the end of the word<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#650;&#815;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|e<br />
|as in p'''e'''t<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#603;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|é<br />
|the same vowel lengthened (and in Quenya more closed; as in German)<br />
|S: {{Unicode|[&#603;&#720;]}}, Q: {{Unicode|[e&#720;]}}<br />
|Rural Hobbit pronunciation allows the sound as in English r'''ai'''n<br />
|-<br />
|ê<br />
|(in Sindarin) the vowel of p'''e'''t especially lengthened<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#603;&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|Rural Hobbit pronunciation allows the sound as in English r'''ai'''n<br />
|-<br />
|ei<br />
|as in '''ei'''ght<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#603;&#618;&#815;]}}<br />
|never as in '''ei'''ther (in neither pronunciation)<br />
|-<br />
|eu<br />
|(in Quenya) ''e'' and ''u'' run together in one syllable<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#603;&#650;&#815;]}}<br />
|never as in English or German<br />
|-<br />
|i<br />
|as in mach'''i'''ne, but short<br />
|[i]<br />
|not opened as in f'''i'''t<br />
|-<br />
|í<br />
|as in mach'''i'''ne<br />
|{{Unicode|[i&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|î<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in mach'''i'''ne, but especially lengthened<br />
|{{Unicode|[i&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|iu<br />
|(in Quenya) ''i'' and ''u'' run together in one syllable<br />
|{{Unicode|[i&#650;&#815;]}}<br />
|later by men often as in English '''you'''<br />
|-<br />
|o<br />
|open as in British g'''o'''t<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#596;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|ó<br />
|the same vowel lengthened (and in Quenya more closed; as in German)<br />
|S: {{Unicode|[&#596;&#720;]}}, Q: {{Unicode|[o&#720;]}}<br />
|Rural Hobbit pronunciation allows the sound of "long" English c'''o'''ld<br />
|-<br />
|ô<br />
|(in Sindarin) the same vowel especially lengthened<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#596;&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|Rural Hobbit pronunciation allows the sound of "long" English c'''o'''ld<br />
|-<br />
|oi<br />
|(in Quenya) as in English c'''oi'''n<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#596;&#618;&#815;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|oe<br />
|(in Sindarin) the vowels described for ''o'' and ''e'' in one syllable. <br />
|{{Unicode|[&#596;&#603;&#815;]}}<br />
|Similar to ''oi''. Cf. '''œ'''!<br />
|-<br />
|œ<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in German G'''ö'''tter<br />
|[œ]<br />
|in published writing often '''oe''' has falsely been used, as in ''Nírnaeth Arnoediad''!<br />
|-<br />
|u<br />
|as in c'''oo'''l, but shorter<br />
|[u]<br />
|not opened as in b'''oo'''k<br />
|-<br />
|ú<br />
|as in c'''oo'''l<br />
|{{Unicode|[u&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|û<br />
|(in Sindarin) the same vowel as above, but especially lengthened<br />
|{{Unicode|[u&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|y<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in French l'''u'''ne or German s'''ü'''ß, but short<br />
|[y]<br />
|not found in English<br />
|-<br />
|ý<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in French l'''u'''ne or German s'''ü'''ß<br />
|{{Unicode|[y&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|&#375;<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in French l'''u'''ne or German s'''ü'''ß, but even longer<br />
|{{Unicode|[y&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|not found in English<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Consonants==== <br />
(Only those differing from English are mentioned)<br />
* The letter ''c'' is always pronounced like the letter ''k'', even before ''i'' and ''e''.; for instance, ''[[Celeborn]]'' is pronounced ''Keleborn'', and [[Cirth]] is pronounced ''Kirth''.<br />
**The letter ''k'', is attested in early, unpublished manuscripts by Tolkien, before he settled on ''c''. It can still be found by exception on some published names such as ''[[Ekkaia]]'', although it would be identical with *''Eccaia''; the difference between the two letters is '''only''' aesthetic. <br />
**Also, note that ''k'' is used by tradition to [[asterisk]]ed [[Primitive Quendian]] and [[Old Sindarin]] words, in order to differentiate them from later forms.<br />
* The letter ''g'' is never pronounced in the soft form, as in ''giant''. For instance, ''Region'' is pronounced unlike the English word ''region''.<br />
* The letter ''r'' is lightly trilled, as in Spanish.<br />
* The digraph ''dh'', as in ''Caradhras'', is pronounced like the ''th'' in ''this''.<br />
* The digraph ''ch'', as in ''Orch'', is pronounced as in German ''ach''.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
Tolkien envisioned many versions during the process of writing, even that Elves were taught speech by [[Oromë]]. In the [[Lhammas]], Tolkien provides this relationship<br />
<br />
*[[Valarin]]<br />
**[[Aulëan]]<br />
***[[Khuzdul]]<br />
**[[Oromean]]<br />
***Qenya<br />
***[[Solosimpi]]n<br />
****[[Ilkorin]]<br />
***[[Old Noldorin]]/Kornoldorin<br />
****[[Noldorin]] (influenced by Ilkorin)<br />
<br />
==Other Elvish languages==<br />
After Tolkien's time, others have invented Elvish languages in their own fiction. Some of them borrow elements from Tolkien, or simply retain similar structure and appearance.<br />
<br />
*''[http://www.wowwiki.com/Darnassian Darnassian]'' and ''[http://www.wowwiki.com/Thalassian Thalassian]'', the languages of the Elves in the ''Warcraft'' universe.<br />
* ''Common Elven'', the language of the surface Elves and ''Ssamath'' of the Dark Elves or Drow of Dungeons & Dragons settings<br />
* ''[http://warhammeronline.wikia.com/wiki/Eltharin Eltharin]'', the language of the elves of Warhammer<br />
** ''Fan-Eltharin'', the language of the Wood Elves<br />
** ''Tar-Eltharin'', the language of the Sea Elves and High Elves<br />
** ''Drukh-Eltharin'', the language of the Dark Elves<br />
* Elvish language of Andrzej Sapkowski's ''Hexer'' saga, based on Welsh and English<br />
* ''The [http://inheritance.wikia.com/wiki/Ancient_language Ancient Language]'' of the elves in ''Eragon'', also spoken by the riders.<br />
*[[Raymond E. Feist]] uses the words [[http://midkemia.wikia.com/wiki/Eldar Eldar], [http://midkemia.wikia.com/wiki/Caledhel Caledhel] and [http://midkemia.wikia.com/wiki/Moredhel Moredhel] for races of his Elves in Midkemia; the latter two are perfect Sindarin for "light elf" and "black elf" although as such, they haven't appeared in Tolkien's works ([[calben]] and [[morben]] are the actual Sindarin terms).<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] was always fascinated with words and how languages worked. He based [[Quenya]], the language from which all other forms of Elvish are derived, on Finnish, which he believed to be the most beautiful language in the world. Tolkien the created many languages for the [[Elves]] to compliment his books set in the fictional universe of [[Middle-earth]]. His interest was primarily philological, and he said his stories grew out of his languages. Indeed, the languages were the first thing Tolkien ever created for his mythos, starting with "Quenya", the earliest form of elvish which used elements of Finnish phonology. [[Goldogrin]] followed, inspired by Welsh elements.<br />
<br />
Tolkien had experimented with inventing languages during his youth long before creating his [[legendarium]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/ Ardalambion - a very complete source for learning Elvish]<br />
* [http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/4948/index.html Elvish fonts for Windows]<br />
* [http://www.elvish.org Elvish.org]<br />
* [http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/misc/local/TolkLang/ Various Tolkien resources]<br />
* [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/qcourse.htm A downloadable course in Quenya]<br />
* [http://babel.uoregon.edu/yamada/fonts/tolkien.html Elvish & Dwarf fonts for Mac Classic]<br />
* [http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/misc/local/TolkLang/resources List of available books about Elvish]<br />
* [http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/misc/local/TolkLang/fonts/ Elvish fonts] for TeX|T<sub>E</sub>X<br />
* [http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/misc/local/TolkLang/pronguide.html Pronunciation guide]<br />
* [http://at.mansbjorkman.net Learn Tengwar and Sarati]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Elvish| ]]<br />
[[de:Elbisch (Sprache)]]<br />
[[fi:Haltiakielet]]<br />
[[fr:langues/langues elfiques]]</div>Alexanderkellyhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elvish&diff=150260Elvish2011-04-20T15:55:23Z<p>Alexanderkelly: /* Inspiration */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Elvish''' (''Quenderin'')<ref>{{PE|18}}, page 72</ref> is a word that refers to any of the languages of the [[Elves]], or all of them collectively. All of the Elven languages descend from the [[Primitive Quendian]].<br />
<br />
During the [[Third Age]] the term "Elvish" usually referred specifically to [[Sindarin]] since it was the most common vernacular of the Elves.<br />
==Tree of the Elvish languages==<br />
Major splits and variations were a result of the [[Great March]] of the Elves in the [[First Age]], and the other migrations of the following millennia.<br />
<br />
*'''[[Primitive Quendian]]''' (language of the Elves in [[Cuiviénen]])<br />
**'''[[Avarin]]'''<br />
***'''Various Avarin languages''' (some later merged with Nandorin)<br />
**'''[[Common Eldarin]]''' (the early language of all the [[Eldar]])<br />
***'''[[Quenya]]''' (the language of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and the [[Vanyar]])<br />
****''' ''[[Vanyarin|Quendya]]'' (also ''Vanyarin Quenya'') ''' (daily tongue of the Vanyar: closest to archaic Quenya)<br />
****''' ''[[Noldorin|Ñoldorin Quenya]]'' (also ''Exilic Quenya'') ''' (the "Elven Latin" of Middle-earth)<br />
***'''[[Common Telerin]]''' (the early language of all the [[Lindar]])<br />
****'''[[Telerin]]''' (the language of the [[Teleri]] who reached the [[Undying Lands]]; considered a dialect of Quenya, although of different branch)<br />
****'''[[Nandorin]]''' (languages of the [[Nandor]] &mdash; some were influenced by Avarin)<br />
*****'''Original language of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]]'''<br />
*****'''Original language of [[Lothlórien|Lórinand]]'''<br />
****'''[[Sindarin]]''' (language of the [[Sindar]])<br />
*****'''[[Doriathrin]]''' (dialect of [[Doriath]])<br />
*****'''[[Falathrin]]''' (dialect of the [[Falas]] and [[Nargothrond]])<br />
*****'''[[North Sindarin]]''' (dialects of [[Dorthonion]] and [[Hithlum]])<br />
<br />
The Elves made use of the [[Tengwar]] and [[Cirth]] scripts for their languages.<br />
<br />
===Pronunciation===<br />
Tolkien used the Roman alphabet to write the names and words of Elvish origin in his works. Sindarin and Quenya have in most aspects very much the same rules in his spelling of the names. Tolkien used the Roman letters having in mind "neutral" values, close to their original Latin ones: open, consistent and straightforward pronunciation, without glides.<br />
<br />
It's important to remember that, while most samples of the Elvish language are written with the Latin alphabet, within the fiction the languages were written using [[Tengwar]], or occasionally carved in [[Cirth]].<br />
<br />
The following table gives pronunciation for each letter or cluster in international phonetic script and examples:<br />
<br />
====Vowels====<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"<br />
!Letter / [[Digraph (orthography)|Digraph]]<br />
!Pronunciation<br />
!IPA<br />
! Further comment<br />
|-<br />
|a<br />
|as in f'''a'''ther, just short<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;]}}<br />
|never as in c'''a'''t<br />
|-<br />
|á<br />
|as in f'''a'''ther<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|â<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in f'''a'''ther, but even longer<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|ae<br />
|(in Sindarin) the vowels described for ''a'' and ''e'' in one syllable. <br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#603;&#815;]}}<br />
|Similar to ''ai''<br />
|-<br />
|ai<br />
|a diphthong, similar to that in '''e'''ye, but with short vowels<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#618;&#815;]}}<br />
|never as in r'''ai'''n<br />
|-<br />
|au<br />
|''a'' and ''u'' run together in one syllable. Similar to the sound in h'''ou'''se<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#650;&#815;]}}<br />
|never as in s'''au'''ce<br />
|-<br />
|aw<br />
|(in Sindarin) a common way to write ''au'' at the end of the word<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#593;&#650;&#815;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|e<br />
|as in p'''e'''t<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#603;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|é<br />
|the same vowel lengthened (and in Quenya more closed; as in German)<br />
|S: {{Unicode|[&#603;&#720;]}}, Q: {{Unicode|[e&#720;]}}<br />
|Rural Hobbit pronunciation allows the sound as in English r'''ai'''n<br />
|-<br />
|ê<br />
|(in Sindarin) the vowel of p'''e'''t especially lengthened<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#603;&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|Rural Hobbit pronunciation allows the sound as in English r'''ai'''n<br />
|-<br />
|ei<br />
|as in '''ei'''ght<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#603;&#618;&#815;]}}<br />
|never as in '''ei'''ther (in neither pronunciation)<br />
|-<br />
|eu<br />
|(in Quenya) ''e'' and ''u'' run together in one syllable<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#603;&#650;&#815;]}}<br />
|never as in English or German<br />
|-<br />
|i<br />
|as in mach'''i'''ne, but short<br />
|[i]<br />
|not opened as in f'''i'''t<br />
|-<br />
|í<br />
|as in mach'''i'''ne<br />
|{{Unicode|[i&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|î<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in mach'''i'''ne, but especially lengthened<br />
|{{Unicode|[i&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|iu<br />
|(in Quenya) ''i'' and ''u'' run together in one syllable<br />
|{{Unicode|[i&#650;&#815;]}}<br />
|later by men often as in English '''you'''<br />
|-<br />
|o<br />
|open as in British g'''o'''t<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#596;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|ó<br />
|the same vowel lengthened (and in Quenya more closed; as in German)<br />
|S: {{Unicode|[&#596;&#720;]}}, Q: {{Unicode|[o&#720;]}}<br />
|Rural Hobbit pronunciation allows the sound of "long" English c'''o'''ld<br />
|-<br />
|ô<br />
|(in Sindarin) the same vowel especially lengthened<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#596;&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|Rural Hobbit pronunciation allows the sound of "long" English c'''o'''ld<br />
|-<br />
|oi<br />
|(in Quenya) as in English c'''oi'''n<br />
|{{Unicode|[&#596;&#618;&#815;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|oe<br />
|(in Sindarin) the vowels described for ''o'' and ''e'' in one syllable. <br />
|{{Unicode|[&#596;&#603;&#815;]}}<br />
|Similar to ''oi''. Cf. '''œ'''!<br />
|-<br />
|œ<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in German G'''ö'''tter<br />
|[œ]<br />
|in published writing often '''oe''' has falsely been used, as in ''Nírnaeth Arnoediad''!<br />
|-<br />
|u<br />
|as in c'''oo'''l, but shorter<br />
|[u]<br />
|not opened as in b'''oo'''k<br />
|-<br />
|ú<br />
|as in c'''oo'''l<br />
|{{Unicode|[u&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|û<br />
|(in Sindarin) the same vowel as above, but especially lengthened<br />
|{{Unicode|[u&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|y<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in French l'''u'''ne or German s'''ü'''ß, but short<br />
|[y]<br />
|not found in English<br />
|-<br />
|ý<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in French l'''u'''ne or German s'''ü'''ß<br />
|{{Unicode|[y&#720;]}}<br />
|/<br />
|-<br />
|&#375;<br />
|(in Sindarin) as in French l'''u'''ne or German s'''ü'''ß, but even longer<br />
|{{Unicode|[y&#720;&#720;]}}<br />
|not found in English<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Consonants==== <br />
(Only those differing from English are mentioned)<br />
* The letter ''c'' is always pronounced like the letter ''k'', even before ''i'' and ''e''.; for instance, ''[[Celeborn]]'' is pronounced ''Keleborn'', and [[Cirth]] is pronounced ''Kirth''.<br />
**The letter ''k'', is attested in early, unpublished manuscripts by Tolkien, before he settled on ''c''. It can still be found by exception on some published names such as ''[[Ekkaia]]'', although it would be identical with *''Eccaia''; the difference between the two letters is '''only''' aesthetic. <br />
**Also, note that ''k'' is used by tradition to [[asterisk]]ed [[Primitive Quendian]] and [[Old Sindarin]] words, in order to differentiate them from later forms.<br />
* The letter ''g'' is never pronounced in the soft form, as in ''giant''. For instance, ''Region'' is pronounced unlike the English word ''region''.<br />
* The letter ''r'' is lightly trilled, as in Spanish.<br />
* The digraph ''dh'', as in ''Caradhras'', is pronounced like the ''th'' in ''this''.<br />
* The digraph ''ch'', as in ''Orch'', is pronounced as in German ''ach''.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
Tolkien envisioned many versions during the process of writing, even that Elves were taught speech by [[Oromë]]. In the [[Lhammas]], Tolkien provides this relationship<br />
<br />
*[[Valarin]]<br />
**[[Aulëan]]<br />
***[[Khuzdul]]<br />
**[[Oromean]]<br />
***Qenya<br />
***[[Solosimpi]]n<br />
****[[Ilkorin]]<br />
***[[Old Noldorin]]/Kornoldorin<br />
****[[Noldorin]] (influenced by Ilkorin)<br />
<br />
==Other Elvish languages==<br />
After Tolkien's time, others have invented Elvish languages in their own fiction. Some of them borrow elements from Tolkien, or simply retain similar structure and appearance.<br />
<br />
*''[http://www.wowwiki.com/Darnassian Darnassian]'' and ''[http://www.wowwiki.com/Thalassian Thalassian]'', the languages of the Elves in the ''Warcraft'' universe.<br />
* ''Common Elven'', the language of the surface Elves and ''Ssamath'' of the Dark Elves or Drow of Dungeons & Dragons settings<br />
* ''[http://warhammeronline.wikia.com/wiki/Eltharin Eltharin]'', the language of the elves of Warhammer<br />
** ''Fan-Eltharin'', the language of the Wood Elves<br />
** ''Tar-Eltharin'', the language of the Sea Elves and High Elves<br />
** ''Drukh-Eltharin'', the language of the Dark Elves<br />
* Elvish language of Andrzej Sapkowski's ''Hexer'' saga, based on Welsh and English<br />
* ''The [http://inheritance.wikia.com/wiki/Ancient_language Ancient Language]'' of the elves in ''Eragon'', also spoken by the riders.<br />
*[[Raymond E. Feist]] uses the words [[http://midkemia.wikia.com/wiki/Eldar Eldar], [http://midkemia.wikia.com/wiki/Caledhel Caledhel] and [http://midkemia.wikia.com/wiki/Moredhel Moredhel] for races of his Elves in Midkemia; the latter two are perfect Sindarin for "light elf" and "black elf" although as such, they haven't appeared in Tolkien's works ([[calben]] and [[morben]] are the actual Sindarin terms).<br />
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==Inspiration==<br />
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] was always fascinated with words and how languages worked. He based [[Quenya]], the language from which all other forms of Elvish are derived, on Finnish, which he believed to be the most beautiful language in the world. Tolkien the created many languages for the [[Elves]] to compliment his books set in the fictional universe of [[Middle-earth]]. His interest was primarily philological, and he said his stories grew out of his languages. Indeed, the languages were the first thing Tolkien ever created for his mythos, starting with "Qenya", the earliest form of elvish which used elements of Finnish phonology. [[Goldogrin]] followed, inspired by Welsh elements.<br />
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Tolkien had experimented with inventing languages during his youth long before creating his [[legendarium]].<br />
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{{references}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/ Ardalambion - a very complete source for learning Elvish]<br />
* [http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/4948/index.html Elvish fonts for Windows]<br />
* [http://www.elvish.org Elvish.org]<br />
* [http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/misc/local/TolkLang/ Various Tolkien resources]<br />
* [http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/qcourse.htm A downloadable course in Quenya]<br />
* [http://babel.uoregon.edu/yamada/fonts/tolkien.html Elvish & Dwarf fonts for Mac Classic]<br />
* [http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/misc/local/TolkLang/resources List of available books about Elvish]<br />
* [http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/misc/local/TolkLang/fonts/ Elvish fonts] for TeX|T<sub>E</sub>X<br />
* [http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/misc/local/TolkLang/pronguide.html Pronunciation guide]<br />
* [http://at.mansbjorkman.net Learn Tengwar and Sarati]<br />
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[[Category:Elvish| ]]<br />
[[de:Elbisch (Sprache)]]<br />
[[fi:Haltiakielet]]<br />
[[fr:langues/langues elfiques]]</div>Alexanderkellyhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Treebeard&diff=150259Treebeard2011-04-20T15:51:50Z<p>Alexanderkelly: </p>
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<div>{{disambig-two|the Ent|the chapter|[[Treebeard (chapter)]]}}<br />
{{disambig-more|Fangorn|[[Fangorn (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{expansion}}<!--virtually nothing on history--><br />
[[Image:John Howe - Treebeard.jpg|thumb|250px|''Treebeard'' by [[John Howe]]]]<br />
{{Pronounce|Fangorn.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Treebeard''', also known as '''Fangorn''', was the oldest of the [[Ents]], a tree-like being who was a sort of "shepherd of trees". Very tall and stiff-limbed, with bark-like skin and leafy hair, he befriended [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] ("Merry") and [[Peregrin Took]] ("Pippin") after they escaped from [[Orcs]]. He lived in [[Fangorn Forest]], which was named after him (or he after it).<br />
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Like most Ents, Treebeard took a long time to make up his mind. He repeatedly spoke of not "being hasty". Treebeard is described along with [[Tom Bombadil]] as the [[eldest|oldest being]] in Middle-earth. Treebeard however said that there were trees in Fangorn that were "older than he".<br />
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== Etymology ==<br />
Treebeard is the direct translation of the [[Sindarin]] name Fangorn (from ''[[fang]]'' = "beard" and ''[[orn]]'' = "tree").<br />
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== Inspiration ==<br />
Treebeard was inspired in many ways by [[C.S. Lewis]] including his speech patterns and some aspects of his personality; a loud, bombastic man known for his powerful stride and overwhelming presence.{{Fact|date=Sept 2009}}<br />
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== Portrayal in Adaptations ==<br />
'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''<br />
:[[John Westbrook]] provides the voice of Treebeard. His actions in the overthrow of Isengard are not mentioned: he merely brings Merry and Pippin to Gandalf.<br />
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'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''<br />
:[[Stephen Thorne]] provided the voice of Treebeard.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Treebeard.jpeg|thumb|right|''Treebeard'' in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]]]<br />
'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''<br />
:Treebeard is a combination of a large animatronic model and a CGI construct; his voice is performed by [[John Rhys-Davies]], who also plays [[Gimli]].<br />
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:The Ents at the [[Entmoot]] initially decline Merry and Pippin's request for help. Treebeard is carrying the hobbits through the forest, when Pippin gets an idea. He asks Treebeard to carry them towards [[Isengard]], claiming that it is the last place [[Saruman]] would look for them because it puts them so close to danger. Treebeard is initially confused, but ultimately succumbs to Pippin's request. When Treebeard gets close to the forest's edge, he sees the devastation wrought by Saruman's orcs. The trees have all been chopped down to serve as fuel for Saruman's war machine. Treebeard then makes a momentous decision, and calls for the other Ents. They attack Isengard and manage to flood it.<br />
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'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:Treebeard, fully CGI, makes some last appearances at Isengard. <br />
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== See Also ==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Treebeard|Images of Treebeard]]<br />
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{{ents}}<br />
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[[Category:Ents]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[de:Baumbart (Fangorn)]]<br />
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/ents/sylvebarbe]]<br />
[[fi:Puuparta]]</div>Alexanderkellyhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Alexanderkelly&diff=150258User talk:Alexanderkelly2011-04-20T15:50:06Z<p>Alexanderkelly: Adding welcome message to new user's talk page</p>
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<div>{{MediaWiki:NewUserMessage|Alexanderkelly}}</div>Alexanderkelly