https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Opogyvupos&feedformat=atomTolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T19:20:18ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Thain&diff=133552Thain2010-11-23T23:00:54Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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[[Image:Thain Peregrin I.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Pippin Took as Thain Peregrin Took I]]<br />
The '''thain''' was an office of great respect in [[the Shire]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
For nearly four hundred years after its foundation, the Shire had been part of the lands of [[Arthedain]], and under the rule of that land's King. Ultimately, Arthedain fell to the forces of [[Angmar]], and its last King, [[Arvedui]], was lost, leaving the [[Shire-hobbits]] without a ruler. They remedied this by choosing a new leader from among themselves, [[Bucca of the Marish]], who was given the title ''thain'', a word simply meaning &quot;chief&quot; in their dialect.<br />
<br />
The Thain was chief of the [[Shire-moot]] and [[Hobbitry-at-arms]]. <br />
<br />
Bucca and his descendants, a family known as the [[Oldbucks]], served as Shire-thain for twelve generations. The twelfth Thain, one [[Gorhendad Oldbuck]], left the Shire and crossed the River [[Brandywine]] to find [[Buckland]]. With his departure, the Thainship passed to a new line, the [[Took Family|Tooks]], and specifically to [[Isumbras Took I]]; thenceforth, the thain would be sometimes called simply &quot;the Took&quot;.<br />
<br />
From Isumbras I, the line of the Took Shire-thains continued unbroken to the time of the [[War of the Ring]] and beyond with Peregrin I when thainship became also a Councellor office of the [[Reunited Kingdom|North Kingdom]].<br />
<br />
The last recorded Thain was his son, [[Faramir Took I]], the thirty-fourth to hold the title of Shire-thain. The fact that both he and his father [[Peregrin Took]] are recorded as the first of that name shows that there must have been more Thains after this time, and the office clearly lasted well into the [[Fourth Age]].<br />
<br />
==Line of Thains==<br />
It is known that there were at least thirty-three Shire-thains, from Bucca, who became Thain in [[Third Age 1979]], to Faramir I, who took on the title in [[Fourth Age 63]], more than a thousand years later.<br />
<br />
* '''I''' [[Bucca of the Marish]] (Thain from Third Age 1979) - The first Thain was given the title in 1979 (379 by the [[Shire-reckoning]]) in a time when the northern lands were recovering from a devastating war in which the old kingdom of Arthedain had come to an end. He was succeeded by Thains of the Oldbuck line. <br />
* '''II-XI''' Ten Thains of the Oldbuck line (Thains for about 300 years to [[Third Age 2340]]) - Bucca was followed by Thains whose names are not recorded, but who took the surname ''Oldbuck'' in honour of their ancestor. <br />
* '''XII''' [[Gorhendad Oldbuck]] (Thain to [[Third Age 2340]]) - The line of the Oldbucks came to an end with Gorhendad, who crossed the River Brandywine and founded Buckland, changing his name to Brandybuck. The Thainship passed from him to the Took family, and Gorhendad was succeeded by the first Thain of the Took line. <br />
* '''XIII''' [[Isumbras Took I|Isumbras I]] (Thain from [[Third Age 2340]]) - The thirteenth Thain in line from Bucca, and the first of the Took line. Isumbras' descendants would hold the Thainship for the rest of the recorded history of the Shire. <br />
* '''XIV-XXI''' Eight Thains of the Took line (Thains for about two hundred years to [[Third Age 2683]]) - The eight Tooks to hold the Thainship after Isumbras I are nowhere named, but we can infer some of their identities from the names of later holders of the office. Among these eight must have been [[Isengrim I]], [[Ferumbras I]], [[Paladin I]] and [[Isumbras II]], but no records of their Thainships are known. <br />
* '''XXII''' [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]] (Thain for 39 years to [[Third Age 2722]]) - The twenty-second Thain, and tenth of the Took line. He began the excavation of Great Smials, which would become the seat of the Thains in the Tookland. He became Thain soon after the first pipe-weed was introduced into the Shire by Tobold Hornblower. He was succeeded by his son. <br />
* '''XXIII''' [[Isumbras Took III|Isumbras III]] (Thain for 32 years to [[Third Age 2759]]) - His younger son was [[Bandobras Took]], the famous &quot;Bullroarer&quot;. In Isumbras' time the Shire was greatly troubled by Orcs, and Bandobras defeated a band of them at the [[Battle of Greenfields]] during his Thainship. Bandobras, though, was Isumbras' younger son - the Thainship passed instead to his older brother. <br />
* '''XXIV''' [[Ferumbras Took II|Ferumbras II]] (Thain for 42 years to [[Third Age 2801]]) - He was succeeded by his son. <br />
* '''XXV''' [[Fortinbras Took I|Fortinbras I]] (Thain for 47 years to [[Third Age 2848]]) - At the beginning of his Thainship, the Shire would have seen much activity as Dwarves of Durin's Folk travelled westward to settle in the Blue Mountains. He was succeeded by his son. <br />
* '''XXVI''' [[Gerontius Took|Gerontius]] (Thain for 72 years to [[Third Age 2920]]) - The famous Old Took, who held the office of Thain for a total of seventy-two of his one hundred and thirty years, and had a total of twelve children. During his Thainship, the Shire suffered the dreadful privations of the Fell Winter, and invasions of White Wolves. He was succeeded by the eldest of his many sons. <br />
* '''XXVII''' [[Isengrim Took III|Isengrim III]] (Thain for 10 years to [[Third Age 2930]]) - Due to the Old Took's many years in office, his eldest son Isengrim was no less than eighty-eight years old when he inherited the Thainship. He held it for just ten years and died without leaving an heir. He was succeeded by his younger brother. <br />
* '''XXVIII''' [[Isumbras Took IV|Isumbras IV]] (Thain for 9 years to [[Third Age 2939]]) - Like his brother Isengrim, Isumbras came old to the Thainship, being ninety-two when he took office. After his short time as the Shire-thain, he was succeeded by his son. <br />
* '''XXIX''' [[Fortinbras Took II|Fortinbras II]] (Thain for 41 years to [[Third Age 2980]]) - Early in his time as Thain there was a sensation in Hobbiton, due to the mysterious disappearance into the Wild - and later reappearance - of one Bilbo Baggins of Bag End. Fortinbras was succeeded by his son. <br />
* '''XXX''' [[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras III]] (Thain for 35 years to [[Third Age 3015]]) - He was Thain at the time of Bilbo Baggins' famous farewell feast and Birthday Party, which indeed he attended. He never married, and so left no heir. The descent of the Thainship passed to the line of Gerontius' fourth son Hildigrim, and specifically to Hildigrim's grandson. <br />
* '''XXXI''' [[Paladin Took II|Paladin II]] (Thain for 19 years to [[Fourth Age 13]]) - Born in the time that his great uncle Isumbras IV was Thain, Paladin took up a farming life at Whitwell in the Tookland. He was Thain during the War of the Ring, and held the Tookland against the ruffians who invaded the Shire at that time. He was succeeded by his fourth child, but eldest son. <br />
* '''XXXII''' [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin I]] (Thain for 50 years to [[Fourth Age 63]]) - Peregrin Took of the Fellowship of the Ring inherited the Thainship some thirteen years after his return from adventuring in the south, and held the title into his old age, serving also as Counselor of the North Kingdom. At the age of ninety-four, he gave up the office and rode away once again into the countries of the south with his friend Meriadoc Brandybuck; they were never seen in the Shire again. He was succeeded by his son. <br />
* '''XXXIII''' [[Faramir Took I|Faramir I]] (Thain from Fourth Age 63) - Named for [[Faramir]] the [[Prince of Ithilien]], little is known of Thain Faramir, except that he married [[Samwise Gamgee]]'s daughter Goldilocks. Doubtless he was succeeded by further generations of Shire-thains, but of them we have no record.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Thain is a [[Hobbitish]], alternative (invented by Tolkien) spelling of the [[wikipedia:Early Modern English|Early Modern English]] word ''[[wikipedia:Thegn|thane]]''. Both words derive from [[Old English]] ''þegn''. <br />
<br />
Thane in Anglo-Saxon England is a lord holding lands from the king in his own jurisdiction, much like the thain of the Hobbits who kept the Shire instead of the King of Arnor. The title of thane was more or less equivalent to a baron.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hobbitish Titles]]<br />
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[[de:Thain]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hobbits/thain]]<br />
[[fi:Thain]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Orcs&diff=133550Orcs2010-11-23T23:00:33Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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{{race<br />
| image=[[Image:John Howe - In Mordor.jpg|300px]]<br />
| name= Orcs<br />
| dominions=[[Mordor]], [[Angband]], [[Misty Mountains]], [[Mount Gundabad]], [[Angmar]], [[Utumno]]<br />
| languages= [[Black Speech]]; numerous languages of their own<br />
| height= probably just above 5'<br />
| length=<br />
| skincolor= Sallow, Green, Brown, Grey<br />
| haircolor=<br />
| feathers=<br />
| distinctions= Short, sallow<br />
| lifespan=<br />
| members= [[Gothmog, Lieutenant of Morgul|Gothmog]], [[Othrod]], [[Azog]], [[Gorbag]]<br />
|}}<br />
'''Orcs''' were the footsoldiers of evil overlords - [[Morgoth]], [[Sauron]] and the [[Witch-king of Angmar]] - but also operated as a seperate faction throughout the Ages of [[Arda]]. <br />
<br />
==Appearance==<br />
<br />
In Tolkien's writing, Orcs are described as humanoid, roughly human-sized, ugly and filthy. Although not dim-witted, they are portrayed as dull and miserable beings, who corrupt words (an insult to a philologist like Tolkien) and are only able to destroy, not to create. They have sour black blood.<br />
Orcs are used as soldiers by both the greater and lesser villains of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' &amp;mdash; [[Sauron]] and [[Saruman]].<br />
In Tolkien's [[Sindarin]] language, &quot;Orc&quot; is ''orch'', plural ''yrch''. In his late, post-''Lord of the Rings'' writings (published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]])'', he preferred the spelling &quot;Ork&quot;, evidently mainly to avoid the form ''Orcish'', which would be naturally pronounced with the c as /s/ instead of /k/. (In [[Languages|Tolkien's languages]] the letter ''c'' was always pronounced /k/.) It is also possible that the word is a Common Tongue Version of 'orch', the [[Sindarin]] word for Orc. The original sense of the word seems to be &quot;bogey&quot;, &quot;bogeyman&quot;, that is, something that provokes fear, as seen in the Quenya cognate ''urko'', pl. ''urqui''.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Orgins and early Years===<br />
The origin of Orcs is an open question. In Tolkien's writings, evil is not capable of independent creation, making it unlikely that the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Morgoth|Melkor]], who was obviously the first to produce them, could do that ''ex nihilo''.<br />
In the ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' is mentioned that the Orcs were transformed from Elves &amp;mdash; the purest form of life on [[Arda]] (the Earth) &amp;mdash; by means of torture and mutilation; and this &quot;theory&quot; would then become the most popular.<br />
There are hints in the ''[[The History of Middle-earth|History of Middle-earth]]'' series of books, (especially in ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'' in the section &quot;Myths Transformed&quot;), that some Orc leaders, such as the First Age's [[Boldog]], or the [[Great Goblin]] encountered by [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] and the Dwarves, may in fact have been fallen [[Maiar]] which had taken Orc form<br />
<br />
Later under Morgoth's lieutenant, [[Sauron]], it has been suggested that Men were cross-bred with the Orcs. This process was later repeated during the [[War of the Ring]], creating the fierce Orcs known as [[Uruk-hai]].<br />
<br />
Yet other Orcs may have begun as animals of vaguely humanoid shapes, empowered by the will of the Dark Lord (first [[Morgoth]], later Sauron): this may explain the references to their &quot;beaks and feathers&quot; in Tolkien's writings.<br />
<br />
: ''The Orcs were beasts of humanized shape (&amp;#8230;).'' ('Morgoth's Ring', &quot;Myths transformed&quot;, text VIII') <br />
<br />
It is certain all Orcs were dependent on the Dark Lord in various ways: after their leader was defeated, the Orcs were confused and dismayed, and easily scattered by their enemies. In the millennia after Morgoth's defeat and banishment from Arda, they were without a leader they degenerated to small, quarrelsome tribes hiding in the [[Misty Mountains]]. Only when Sauron returned to power did they begin to reclaim some of their old power. The same happened after Sauron's defeat by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]: only when Sauron returned as the Necromancer of [[Mirkwood]] did the Orcs become a real danger for Middle-earth again.<br />
<br />
It is interesting to note that to an extent, Tolkien did not regard Orcs as evil in their own right, but only as tools of Melkor and Sauron.<br />
He wrote once that &quot;we were all orcs in the [[World War I|Great War]]&quot;, indicating perhaps that an orc for him was not an inherent build-up of personality, but rather a state of mind bound upon destruction.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Warren Mahy-Orc Archer.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Orc by [[Warren Mahy]]]]<br />
It is unclear when exactly Orcs were created by Morgoth, but it certainly happened before the [[War for Sake of the Elves]] in his stronghold of Utumno. If the Orcs where at this time a capable fighting force against the host of Valinor is not known. But at least some of them survived this war, probably hidden in the deep vaults of [[Angband]] and mulitplied, waiting for their master.<br />
When [[Morgoth]] returned to Middle-earth he created new hordes of Orcs and invaded [[Beleriand]], where the [[First Battle of Beleriand]] took place. Orcs fought also in [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]].<br />
<br />
===First Age===<br />
Orcs appear in the [[First Age]] as the core force of [[Morgoth]]. Hundreds of thousands of Orcs were bred in [[Angband]] to participate in the [[Battles of Beleriand]], which lasted 587 years.<br />
<br />
Orcs first appear in the [[First Age]] in the [[Battle of the Lammoth]], where they were defeated by [[Fingolfin]] and his [[Noldor]]. Orcs participated in battles such as the [[Dagor Aglareb]], [[Dagor Bragollach]], [[Nírnaeth Arnoediad]], [[Fall of the Falas]], and finally in the [[War of Wrath]], were they were almost extinguished. Those that survived the defeat fled eastwards and hid probably in the Mountains of [[Angmar]] and the [[Ered Mithrin]].<br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
At around the year thousand Sauron reappeared, took the land of [[Mordor]] as his realm and started the construction of [[Barad-dûr]]. It is likely that most of his servants where Orcs at this time that he had gathered under his command. Still for a long time Sauron's foul servants did not play an important role, for the Dark Lord had chosen a more subtle way to overthrow the free people by creating the [[Rings of Power]].<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], in [[Second Age 1700|S.A.1700]] Orcs formed the main power of Sauron's host. Despite the immeasurable number of Orcs, Sauron was defeated by the united hosts of Elves and [[Númenóreans]]. Still Sauron was still powerful east of the [[Misty Mountains]] and the inlands and the Orcs that inhabited the mountains multiplied.<br />
<br />
The [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] started a war against the [[Dwarves]], resulting in the [[First Sack of Gundabad]] and its occupation by the Orcs. Finally, Orcs were the core force of [[Sauron]] during the [[War of the Last Alliance]], and fought in great battles such as the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] and the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]].<br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
During the [[Third Age]], Orcs were the standard troops of the [[Witch-king of Angmar]] and [[Sauron]] (both in [[Mordor]] and in [[Dol Guldur]]). <br />
<br />
In [[Angmar]], Orcs fought in the [[Angmar War]]. Years Later, they invaded [[Eriador]] under the leadership of the [[Necromancer]]. <br />
<br />
The [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]], one of the few (more or less) independent Orcish societies, and their leader [[Azog]] started out the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], and after their defeat they retreated in their caves. They appeared again in [[Third Age 2941|T.A. 2941]], when the [[Battle of Five Armies]] took place.<br />
<br />
The [[Orcs of Mordor]] fought in major battles during the [[War of the Ring]], such as the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], but the entire [[Mordor]] force was destroyed in the [[Battle of the Morannon]].<br />
<br />
The Orcs in [[Dol Guldur]] remained in [[Mirkwood]] until the [[Fall of Dol Guldur]], one of the last battles of the War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
===Fourth Age and beyond===<br />
Although the entire force of [[Sauron]] was destroyed after the [[War of the Ring]], it is assumed that many Orcs continued to live beneath the [[Misty Mountains]] and caused little trouble.<br />
<br />
==Kinds of Orcs==<br />
<br />
Tolkien loosely implies that there are actually several different breeds of Orcs, not simply in the wide variety in clans, but strains of Orc that were specifically bred for certain tasks. <br />
:The Fellowship usually encounters the large soldier-Orcs bred for war, and sometimes the &quot;snaga&quot; variety which were more geared towards being laborers. However, a strong hint at the variety of Orc breeds is when Frodo and Sam are in Mordor, and realize that they are being followed by two Orcs, then hide to observe them. One of the Orcs is a normal soldier-Orc, but the other is described as a &quot;Snuffler&quot;, a breed specifically geared towards being a tracker. This tracker-Orc was, compared to the soldier-Orc, physically unimposing, but had vastly overdeveloped sensory organs, particularly a single giant nostril. While physically weak compared to the soldier-Orc, the &quot;snuffler&quot; was able to skillfully kill the soldier-orc when they got into a disagreement.<br />
*[[Snaga]]<br />
*[[Orcs of Mordor]]<br />
*[[Half-Orcs]]<br />
*[[Uruk-hai]]<br />
*[[Hobgoblins]] (perhaps same as Uruk-hai)<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Tolkien derived the word ''orc'' from [[Old English]] believing it refers to a kind of evil spirits,&lt;ref&gt;{{L|144}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &quot;[[Gene Wolfe 7 November 1966]]&quot; (letter)&lt;/ref&gt; which in turn derives from Latin ''Orcus'' &quot;Hades&quot;. He also thought it survives in the modern language for sea-beasts,&lt;ref&gt;{{HM|N}}, p. 762&lt;/ref&gt; such as the [[Wikipedia:Orca Whale|Orca Whale]].<br />
<br />
''Orc'' is an [[Old English]] word that refers mainly to a kind of metal cup (from Latin ''Urceus'').&lt;ref&gt;Occurs twice in ''Beowulf''&lt;/ref&gt; However, in a 11th century glossary, this entry was conflated with another entry which refers to evil giants such as ''[[Wikipedia:Jötunn|þyrs]]'' and other monsters, also glossed in Latin as ''Orcus''. This merge of the two entries made many philologists of the previous centuries, like Tolkien, to believe that ''Orc'' was an actual Old English word that refers to any kind of evil creature from the underworld.&lt;ref&gt;Bosworth and Toller's ''An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'' (1898), corrected in later editions&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
The word ''Orcnéas'' is once found only in ''[[Beowulf]]'' (lines 112-113) and is cited as an example of the word &quot;Orc&quot; in Old English text. Actually its meaning is not clear, and it is thought to refer to corpses (''néas'') from the Underworld. <br />
<br />
However, it is also mentioned that the word Orc is Anglo-Saxon for &quot;Foreigner, Monster, Demon&quot; and was used to refer to the Normans invading the Anglish in 1066.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1329539/ 1066 The Battle for Middle Earth]&quot; 2009 (documentary)&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
===Orcs in Tolkien's languages===<br />
Tolkien said that one of the reason of choosing &quot;Orc&quot; over &quot;Goblin&quot; was the similarity with his fictional languages.&lt;ref&gt;{{WJ|AC}}, p. 391&lt;/ref&gt; Indeed most [[Elvish]], [[Mannish]] and other words for Orc, are similar to the English word. For example:<br />
<br />
*Elvish [[PQ]] [[Sundocarmë|Root]]: [[URUK]] (said to refer to any &quot;bogey&quot; that scared the Elves)<br />
*Mannish root: [[RUKU]]<br />
<br />
*[[Quenya]]: ''[[orco]], [[urco]]''<br />
*[[Sindarin]]: ''[[orch]]'' pl. ''yrch''<br />
*[[Doriathrin]]: ''[[urch]]'' pl. ''urchin''<br />
*[[Nandorin]]: ''[[urc]]'' pl. ''yrc''<br />
<br />
*[[Adûnaic]]: ''[[urukh]]''<br />
*[[Westron]]: ''[[orka]]''<br />
*[[Orkish]]: ''[[uruk]]''<br />
<br />
Some similarity can also be seen in:<br />
*[[Drúedainic]]: ''[[gorgûn]]''<br />
*[[Khuzdul]]: ''rukhs'' pl. ''[[rakhâs]]'' (radical R-Kh-S)<br />
<br />
In the earliest versions of [[Qenya]], Tolkien had words such as &quot;'''Ork (orq-)''' pl. '''Orqi''' and fem. &quot;'''orqindi'''&quot;<br />
<br />
===Orcs and Goblins===<br />
''Main article: [[Goblin]]''<br />
<br />
In ''The Hobbit'', Tolkien primarily used the word &quot;goblin&quot; for Orcs. In ''The Lord of the Rings'', &quot;Orc&quot; is used predominantly, though there are several references to &quot;goblins&quot;.<br />
<br />
&quot;[[Goblin]]&quot; is an English word, whereas &quot;[[Orc]]&quot; is Old English, the language used by Tolkien to represent Rohirric.&lt;ref&gt;{{App|F1iv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, there is no difference between Orcs and Goblins, and the two names of different languages have much the same relationship as ''dog'' (English) and ''hund'' (German).<br />
<br />
The original edition of ''The Hobbit'' and early drafts of ''The Lord of the Rings'' first used 'goblin' everywhere and used '[[Hobgoblins|hobgoblin]]' for larger, more evil goblins: when goblins were replaced with Orcs Tolkien invented the term Uruk-hai for his more evil Orcs.<br />
<br />
==Other Versions of the Lengendarium==<br />
===Origin===<br />
According to the oldest &quot;theory&quot; proposed by Tolkien, Orcs were made of stone and slime through the sorcery of Morgoth. But, Tolkien later changed the legendarium so that Morgoth could no longer produce life on his own.<br />
<br />
While Tolkien originally saw all Orcs as descended from tortured Elves, later comments of his indicate, according to [[Christopher Tolkien]] in ''Morgoth's Ring'' (&quot;Myths Transformed, text X&quot;), that he began to feel uncomfortable with the theory that orcs were descending from Elves. However, Tolkien died before he could complete his upheaval of the cosmology, and in the published version of ''The Silmarillion'', the Elf origin of Orcs was adopted. It does not appear that the elder Tolkien ever decided on a definitive answer.<br />
<br />
==Controversy==<br />
Tolkien's Orcs have ''allegedly'' been a subject of criticism of [[racism]]. Tolkien described Orcs as &quot;squat, broad, flat-nosed, sallow-skinned, with wide mouths and slant eyes: in fact degraded and repulsive versions of the (to Europeans) least lovely Mongol-types&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{L|210}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another possible offensive theme present in orcs (though not necessarily racist), is the fact that when the orcs talk, they often use the same phrases and accents that the English working-class is known to use (citation needed).<br />
<br />
==See Also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Orcs|Images of Orcs]]<br />
*[[Lifespan of Orcs]]<br />
*[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]<br />
*[[Glamhoth]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[de:Orks]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/orques/orques]]<br />
[[fi:Örkit]]<br />
[[Category:Races]]<br />
[[Category:Orcs]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Northmen&diff=133547Northmen2010-11-23T23:00:19Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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'''Northmen''' were [[Men]] that lived in the north of [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]] in [[Middle-earth]], and were friendly to [[Gondor]].<br />
<br />
The Northmen who dwellt in [[Greenwood the Great]] and other parts of [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]] were friendly to the [[Dúnedain]] and were after the Dúnedain the most noble Men on [[Arda]], counted as [[Middle Men]] by the Dúnedain, and believed to have been descended from the same group of Men as the [[Edain]], the [[Atanatári]]. The only difference was that they didn't cross the [[Ered Luin]] into [[Beleriand]] and therefore didn't go to [[Númenor]]. The result of them not participating in the War against [[Morgoth]] was their considerably shorter lifespan if compared to the lifespan of the Dúnedain, whose lifespan was enhanced by the [[Valar]] after the [[War of Wrath]]. <br />
<br />
The [[Men of Dale]] and [[Esgaroth]] were also counted under the Northmen, as were the [[Woodmen|woodsmen of Mirkwood]]. Most of Rhovanion had been depopulated after the wars of the Easterlings and the Great Plague.<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
The Northmen descended from the group of the [[Edain]] who left their kin to reach the West, being always at war with the [[Men of Darkness]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DM&quot;&gt;{{PM|X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Somewhere in northern [[Rhûn]], they had met the [[Dwarves]]&lt;ref&gt;{{WJ|13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
There they were divided in two folks (who would later become [[House of Bëor]] and [[House of Hador|House of Marach]]) at NE of the [[Sea of Rhûn]] where they dwelt in the woods. The ancestors of the Hadorians dwelt in the north-east of the Sea, in the woods that there came near to the shores. The ancestors of the Beorians had reached the feet of the high hills to the south-west. Because of that distance, they both developed a craft of boat-building but met seldomly&lt;ref&gt;{{PM|XII}}&lt;/ref&gt;. <br />
<br />
The ancestors of the Beorians had been mingling with Men of other kinds and their dialect of [[Taliska]] seemed to the rest to contain alien elements.&lt;ref name=&quot;DM&quot;/&gt;<br />
<br />
The ancestors of the Beorians fled first and the ancestors of the Hadorians learned that only afterwards and followed on their trail through the [[Misty Mountains]] in the North (close to the dreadful [[Iron Mountains]]). Many sub-tribes of both peoples stayed behind, and when the shrinking teams (now led by [[Bëor]] and [[Marach]]) reached [[Beleriand]], those who stayed behind occupied many parts of [[Eriador]] and northern [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]]&lt;ref name=&quot;DM&quot;/&gt;. These (known as [[Middle Men]] appear to be akin to the House of Hador&lt;ref name=&quot;Cirion&quot;&gt;{{UT|8}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
Not much is known about the forefathers of the Northmen during the [[Second Age]] other than [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]] fell under the dominion of [[Sauron]] before liberated from [[Gil-galad]].<br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
They were important allies of Gondor and served as a buffer against the [[Easterlings]], and in the Army of Gondor. For this reason they were given land east and south of the Wood around [[Third Age 1000]]<br />
<br />
For a time many of them even became subjects of Gondor, as the realm extended beyond the river [[Anduin]].<br />
<br />
East of Greenwood the Great was the [[Rhovanion (Realm)|kingdom of Rhovanion]], and this became the most important nation of the Northmen. In the fourteenth century of the [[Third Age]], King [[Rómendacil II]] of Gondor ensured their loyalty by crushing the Easterlings in {{TA|1248}} and many Northmen joined the army of Gondor; he sent his son [[Valacar]] as an ambassador to [[Vidugavia]], the so-called &quot;King of Rhovanion&quot;. Valacar loved Rhovanion and the daughter of the King, [[Vidumavi]]. He married her. and she bore him a son whom she called ''[[Vinitharya]]'' in her mother tongue. In Gondor Vinitharya became known as King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] and caused a civil war, the [[Kin-strife]] because of his mixed Dúnadan/Northmen blood in {{TA|1447}}.<br />
<br />
Their existence was a bulwark of [[Gondor]], keeping its northern and eastern frontiers from invasion. When they were weakened and at last destroyed, first with the [[Great Plague]], which appeared there in the winter of {{TA|1635}} and soon spread to Gondor. The Horsemen suffered since the Plague came with a cold winter and they had only low wooden houses and thronged stables, little skilled in the arts of healing and medicine. When the Plague passed more than half of the foil of Rhovanion had perished, and of their horses also. They were slow to recover undisturbed, since the people further east had been equally afflicted.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cirion&quot;/&gt;<br />
<br />
When the invasions of the [[Wainriders]] began against Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. Their scattered remains were recruited by King [[Narmacil II]] who took a great army north into the plains south of Mirkwood. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed. The remnant of his army retreated over the [[Dagorlad]] into [[Ithilien]]. A few Northmen fled to Gondor, others over the [[Celduin]] and were merged with their kin, the folk of [[Dale]] under [[Erebor]] and others followed [[Marhwini]] to the [[Vales of Anduin]] and became the ancestors of the [[Éothéod]]. Most of the Northmen were reduced to servitude, and all their former lands were occupied by the Wainriders.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cirion&quot;/&gt;<br />
<br />
Years later, Marhwini prepared an outbreak against the Wainrider occupation. After helping [[Calimehtar]] in fighting them in [[Dagorlad]], desperate poorly-armed outlaws came out of Mirkwood and roused the slaves. They burned many Wainriders dwellings, storehouses and fortified camps of wagons. Most of them perished in the attempt fighting the Wainriders' youths, women and old men. Marhwini retired to his land beside the Anduin, and the Northmen of his race never again returned to their former homes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cirion&quot;/&gt;<br />
<br />
In {{TA|1856}} Northmen were enslaved by the Easterlings but revolted in {{TA|1899}}, aided with a timely attack of King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]. Afterwards they battled with the enemies alone since Gondor could not help them. Still they joined the forces of Gondor and many comprised the army of the [[Battle of Fornost]] ({{TA|1975}}).<br />
<br />
After the evil Kingdom of [[Angmar]] was defeated by Gondor and the remains of [[Arnor]] in {{TA|1977}}, these Northmen moved north and began to call themselves the [[Éothéod]]. They were skilled horsebreeders and horsemen. In {{TA|2510}} they responded to a plea of help from the trapped Gondorian army at the [[Field of Celebrant]]. After they helped Gondor win this important victory they were rewarded the province of [[Calenardhon]] and became known as the [[Rohirrim]]. <br />
<br />
The later centuries it is mentioned that the Northmen were allied with [[Erebor]] and with [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] weapons drove the enemies back to [[Rhûn]]. However they did not prevent the enemies to reach the gates of Erebor during the [[War of the Ring]].<br />
<br />
In the [[Fourth Age]], they obviously retained their alliance with the [[Reunited Kingdom]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Northmen| ]]<br />
[[de:Nordmenschen]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/hommes_du_nord]]<br />
[[fi:Pohjalaiset]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Lonely_Mountain&diff=133546Lonely Mountain2010-11-23T23:00:01Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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{{kingdom<br />
| image = [[Image:Rob Alexander - The Lonely Mountain.jpg|300px]]<br />
| name = Erebor<br />
| meaning = Lonely Mountain<br />
| type = Monarchy/Lordship<br />
| hidep=yes<br />
| headofstate = [[King under the Mountain]]/[[King of Durin's folk]]<br />
| executive = <br />
| legislative = <br />
| judicial = <br />
| capital = <br />
| language = [[Westron]], [[Khuzdul]] <br />
| location = North of [[Esgaroth]], west of the [[Iron Hills]], <br />
| populace= Dwarves<br />
| currency = <br />
| religious = <br />
| holiday = <br />
| anthem = <br />
| formed = Part of the Exiled [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] led by King [[Thrór]] in [[Third Age 2590|T.A. 2590]]<br />
| established = [[Third Age 2590|T.A. 2590]]<br />
| reorganized = <br />
| fragmented = <br />
| dissolved = [[Third Age 2770 | T.A. 2770]]<br />
| restored = [[Third Age 2941 | T.A. 2941]]<br />
}}{{Pronounce|Erebor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Erebor''', or the '''Lonely Mountain''' (which it translates as from [[Sindarin]]), was a mountain in the northeast of [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]]. It was the source of the river [[Running]], and a major [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] [[Dwarf realms|stronghold]] at the end of the [[Third Age]] and well into the [[Fourth Age|Fourth]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===[[Years of the Trees]] and the [[First Age]]===<br />
<br />
Erebor was first discovered and colonized by the [[Longbeards]] some time after [[Durin I]] awoke in [[Mount Gundabad]]. It was inhabited by a mining colony for hundreds of years, and was connected by the [[Forest Road]]; Which was built by the Dwarves to connect all of its mining colonies. It ran from the [[High Pass]] through [[Greenwood the Great]] (Later called Mirkwood) to the river [[Running]] that went all the way up to the [[Iron Hills]], which was east of Erebor.<br />
<br />
===From Colony to Capital===<br />
<br />
Erebor continued as a colony for many thousands of years, until the awakening of [[Durin's Bane]] in the capital of [[Khazad-dûm]]. In [[Third Age 1980 | T.A.1980]], King [[Durin VI]] was killed by Durin's bane, and in [[Third Age 1981 | 1981]] after the death of Durin's oldest son and heir King [[Náin I]]; the next in line [[Thráin I]] with the rest of his people fled Khazad-dùm (Renamed Moria). <br />
Thráin with those who would follow him, went to the colony in Erebor in [[Third Age 1999 | 1999]]. Where he made himself [[King under the Mountain]], and relocated the capital of the Longbeards.<br />
Under Thráin's rule the [[Arkenstone]] was discovered, and many riches were mined from its depths; After Thráin's death and his son [[Thorin I]] had ruled in Erebor for ten years, he abandoned the mountain in [[Third Age 2210 | 2210]] for the [[Grey Mountains]]; where his people were now gathering.<br />
<br />
===Decline and reestablishment===<br />
<br />
After King Thorin left the mountain was once again a colony, and its status as capital city was transfered to the Ered Mithrin.<br />
<br />
It was nearly four hundred years before Durin's folk returned in mass to Erebor. The reason for this being that the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] had been fighting a [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons |war]] against the [[Dragons]], who had plagued the Dwarves for hundreds of years. In the year [[Third Age 2590 | 2589]] King [[Náin II]] and middle son [[Frór]] were killed by a great [[Cold-drake]] at the entrance to their halls, which led to the decision by the two remaining heirs, [[Thrór]] and [[Grór]], to leave the mountains with those who wished to follow them. The following year ([[Third Age 2590 | 2590]]) the now king Thrór, led a group back to Erebor, while his borther Grór led another portion to the Iron Hills, and even some stayed behind in the Ered Mithrin.<br />
<br />
Thrór eventually made it to Erebor, and declared himself King under the Mountain. Under Thrór's rule Erebor once again became the capital of Durin's folk, the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] became the best crafters and mason in Wilderland, trade increased with their kinsman in the Iron Hills and elsewhere, and they also became very rich. <br />
<br />
===[[Sack of Erebor]] and exile===<br />
<br />
But with this new found prosperity came trouble. it wasn't long before the great dragon [[Smaug]] heard of their great wealth, and one day decided to take their treasure for himself. in the year [[Third Age 2770 | 2770]] Smaug descended on the mountain in a ball of fire. He killed King [[Girion]] of [[Dale]] with many of his knights, and he killed a large amount of the Dwarves living in the mountain. Most of the survivors fled to the Iron Hills, others went with the royal family into exile, and some simply went their own way.<br />
<br />
The Lonely Mountain was empty for over two hundred years, save the ever vigilant Smaug who slept in the inner most chamber on a great pile of wealth. But while Durin's folk wandered from the mountain to [[Dunland]] to the northern [[Blue Mountains]]; they ever longed for the halls of Erebor.<br />
<br />
===The Quest of Erebor and restoration===<br />
<br />
It wasn't until Thrór's grandson [[Thorin II Oakenshield]] met the Wizard [[Gandalf]] that the hopes of retaking Erebor seemed possible. Indeed in the year [[Third Age 2941 | 2941]] with Gandalf's council, king Thorin and a small company of friends and family actually made it to the Lonely Mountain. After the Dragon Smaug had realized that the Dwarves had been helped by the [[Men of Dale]] he went to their town of [[Esgaroth]] intent on destroying them. Only to be killed by a man named [[Bard I|Bard the Bowman]]. <br />
With the help of a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] named [[Bilbo Baggins]] Thorin and company were able to retake the city and the treasure. Therefore allowing Thorin to proclaim himself King under the Mountain. But after refusing to give any of the treasure to the Men of Esgaroth, and the [[Elves of Mirkwood]], the mountain and the Dwarves and Hobbit in it were put under a bloodless siege.<br />
Things nearly came to blows when Thorin's cousin [[Dáin Ironfoot]] (Grór's grandson) arrived as aid to his kinsman and nearly went to battle against the besiegers. But Gandalf interceded and warned them all of a great host of [[Orcs]] and [[Wargs]] coming to take the mountain. So the Elves, Men, and Dwarves made an alliance, and fought a [[Battle of Five Armies | bloody batte]] against their foes in the valley before the gate of Erebor.<br />
<br />
In the end the defenders were victorious against the Orcs and Wargs, but king Thorin was mortally wounded and his nephews were both killed in the battle, and after Thorin's death Dáin was made king of Durin's folk and of the mountain. Finally after so many years of longing the Longbeards finally could return to Erebor.<br />
<br />
===Prosperity and the [[War of the Ring]]===<br />
<br />
Under Dáin's rule the Dwarves of Erebor became very rich and prosperous. They rebuilt the town of [[Dale]], their trade greatly increased with their kinsman in the Iron Hills once again and with Men; and Erebor was restored to its original greatness.<br />
But once again trouble began to brew in the east. The Men of Dale were nearing war with the [[Easterlings]], and in the year [[Third Age 3019 | 3019]] an emissary from [[Sauron]] came to Erebor and told Dáin that if he were to give up the location of Bilbo (Who had discovered the [[Ring of Power]] in his travels) that Sauron would return to him the three remaining [[Seven Rings|Dwarven rings]]. But being wary of the emissary, Dáin sent his kinsmen [[Glóin (Son of Thorin I)|Glóin]] to [[Rivendell]] to warn Bilbo that Sauron was after him.<br />
<br />
Several months later war broke out between Dale and the East. Dale was driven from their borders at the river Running, and was besieged in their city of Dale for three days in what became the [[Battle of Dale]]. Even with the aid of the Dwarves they could not stop the advance of the Easterlings; and on the third day as the Men and Dwarves retreated into the mountain, King [[Brand]] and King Dáin were killed at the its very gates. The Dwarves and Men held out for several days until word reached the ears of the Easterlings that the great hosts of Sauron in the south had been defeated in the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. With this news fear fell on the besiegers. When the besieged saw this they came forth from the Erebor, and attacked their enemy driving them from Dale across the Running, never to be bothered again.<br />
<br />
After the death of his father, [[Thorin III Stonehelm]] became king of Durin's folk, and Erebor. Little is known of his reign other than his people helping rebuild the cities of [[Gondor]] and the fortress of [[Helm's Deep]], and part of his people moving to the [[Glittering Caves]]. Erebor continued to prosper until the world grew old and the races of Durin ended.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Hobbit]]'', passim.<br />
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[Many Meetings]]<br />
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Return of the King]]'', passim.<br />
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]]: III Durin's Folk<br />
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Quest of Erebor]]<br />
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mountains]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
[[Category:Sieges]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]<br />
[[Category:Cities, Towns and Villages]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Finrod&diff=133545Finrod2010-11-23T22:59:28Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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{{noldor infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Anna Lee - Finrod.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Finrod Felagund<br />
| othernames=''[[Findaráto]]''/''Artafinde'' ([[Telerin|T]]/[[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]])&lt;br/&gt;''[[Ingoldo]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])&lt;br/&gt;[[Nóm]] or Nómin<br />
| titles=Lord/King of [[Nargothrond]]<br />
| position=<br />
| realm=[[Tirion]]; [[Nargothrond]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Telerin]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Taliska]]<br />
| birth=After [[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]] [[Years of the Trees 1280|1280]]<br />
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]<br />
| rule={{FA|52}} - [[First Age 465|465]]<br />
| death={{FA|465}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]<br />
| age=<br />
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]<br />
| parentage=[[Finarfin]] &amp; [[Eärwen]]<br />
| siblings=[[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]]<br />
| spouse=Lover of [[Amarië]]<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=Golden<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}{{Pronounce|Finrod Felagund.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Finrod''' was an Elven king of the [[Noldor]], eldest son of [[Finarfin]], brother to [[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]], and ruler of [[Nargothrond]]. Finrod was like his father in his fair face and golden hair, and also in noble and generous heart. <br />
== History ==<br />
=== The Return of the Noldor ===<br />
Finrod was among those who opposed [[Fëanor]] and the oath. However when the Noldor were set to depart from [[Aman]], he also joined them, for he would not be sundered from his friends and his people who were eager to go. Finrod along with his father led the rear of the host along with many of the noblest and wisest of the Noldor; and often they looked behind them to see their fair city, especially Finrod for he had to leave behind his beloved, [[Amarië]] of the [[Vanyar]].<br />
<br />
Finrod and his people did not participate in the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]. While they were travelling up the coast of [[Araman]], the [[Vala]] [[Mandos]] appeared and pronounced the [[Doom of the Noldor]], and in that hour Finarfin forsook the march and returned to [[Valinor]] with many of his people. But Finrod and his siblings went forward still and led their people on the long and perilous march to [[Middle-earth]].<br />
<br />
=== Life in Beleriand ===<br />
After their victory in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], the Noldor started building their numerous realms. Finrod established the tower of [[Minas Tirith in Beleriand|Minas Tirith]] on the island of [[Tol Sirion]]. Once while journeying southward along the river [[Sirion]], Finrod and his friend [[Turgon]] son of [[Fingolfin]] encamped upon its banks. And [[Ulmo]] coming up the river laid a deep sleep upon them and heavy dreams; and it seemed to each that he was bidden to prepare for a day of evil, and to establish a retreat, lest [[Morgoth]] should burst from [[Angband]] and overthrow the armies of the North.<br />
<br />
Now on a time Finrod and his sister [[Galadriel]] were guests of King [[Elu Thingol]] their kinsman in [[Doriath]]. There Finrod told Thingol of his admiration for the halls of [[Menegroth]]; and Thingol spoke to him of the deep gorge of the river [[Narog]]. Thingol told him about the caves under the [[High Faroth]] in its deep western shore. Thus Finrod came to the Caverns of [[Narog]] and established there deep halls and armouries; and that stronghold was called [[Nargothrond]]. In this he was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Blue Mountains]], and Finrod rewarded them with many jewels from Valinor. And in that time was made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves. After Nargothrond was made Finrod committed Minas Tirith to the keeping of [[Orodreth]] his nephew.<br />
<br />
=== Encounter with Men === <br />
When three hundred years and more had passed since the Noldor came to Beleriand, Finrod Felagund lord of Nargothrond journeyed east of Sirion and went hunting with [[Maglor]] and [[Maedhros]] sons of Feanor. But he wearied of the hunt and passed on alone towards the mountains of [[Ered Lindon]]. There in the lands of [[Thargelion]] in [[East Beleriand]] Finrod was first of the Noldor to come across [[Men]]. These were the kindred and followers of [[Bëor]] [[The Old]]. He went among them while they were sleeping and picking up a harp which Bëor had laid aside played music upon it such as the ears of men had not heard. When the men awoke and listened to his song, each thought that he was in some fair dream. He long stayed with them, learning their language ([[Taliska]]) and teaching them [[Sindarin]]. He also intervened on behalf of the [[Laiquendi]] of [[Ossiriand]], who feared Men would destroy their home, and he got permission of [[Thingol]], who held rule over all [[Beleriand]], to guide the Men to [[Estolad]].<br />
<br />
Finrod had a close friendship with [[Andreth]] of the [[House of Bëor]], whom he often visited during the [[Siege of Angband]] to converse with her on the matters of Elves and Men. One such conversation was written down and later known as ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]''.<br />
<br />
[[Barahir]] of the [[House of Bëor]] saved Felagund's life at the [[Dagor Bragollach]] (&quot;Battle of Sudden Flame&quot;), and Finrod swore an oath of abiding friendship and aid in every need to Barahir and all his kin, he gave him his ring, which became known as the [[Ring of Barahir]].<br />
<br />
=== Quest for the Silmaril ===<br />
When, years later, Barahir's son [[Beren]] came to Nargothrond seeking help, Finrod went with him on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]] to repay his debt. [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], who were living in Nargothrond at the time, persuaded (using barely veiled threats related to their [[Oath of Fëanor|Oath]]) most of Nargothrond to stay behind; only ten warriors, headed by one [[Edrahil]], were faithful and came with them. Beneath the [[Shadowy Mountains]] they came upon a company of [[Orcs]], and slew them all in their camp. They took their gear and weapons and by the magic of Finrod their own forms and faces were changed to the likeness of Orcs. Thus disguised they came far upon their northward road between [[Ered Wethrin]] and the highlands of [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]]. However the twelve were captured and imprisoned by [[Sauron]] on [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] (&quot;Isle of Werewolves&quot;). Thus befell the contest of Finrod and Sauron. Finrod strove with Sauron in songs of power, and the power of the Elven King was very great but in the end Sauron had the mastery. It is told in the [[Lay of Leithian]]:<br />
<br />
&lt;poem style=&quot;font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;&quot;&gt;<br />
He chanted a song of wizardry,<br />
Of piercing, opening, of treachery,<br />
Revealing, uncovering, betraying.<br />
Then sudden Felagund there swaying<br />
sang in answer a song of staying,<br />
Resisting, battling against power,<br />
Of secrets kept, strength like a tower,<br />
And trust unbroken, freedom, escape;<br />
Of changing and of shifting shape,<br />
Of snares eluded, broken traps,<br />
The prison opening, the chain that snaps,<br />
Backwards and forwards swayed their song.<br />
Reeling and foundering, as ever more strong<br />
The chanting swelled, Felagund fought,<br />
And all the magic and might he brought,<br />
Of Elvenesse into his words.<br />
Softly in the gloom they heard the birds<br />
Singing afar in Nargothond,<br />
The sighing of the sea beyond,<br />
Beyond the western world, on sand,<br />
On sand of pearls in Elvenland.<br />
Then the gloom gathered; darkness growing<br />
In Valinor, the red blood flowing<br />
Beside the sea, where the Noldor slew<br />
The Foamriders, and stealing drew<br />
Their white ships with their white sails<br />
From lamplit havens. The wind wails,<br />
The wolf howls. The ravens flee.<br />
The ice mutters in the mouths of the sea.<br />
The captives sad in Angband mourn,<br />
Thunder rumbles, the fires burn-<br />
And Finrod fell before the throne. <br />
&lt;/poem&gt;<br />
<br />
<br />
Then Sauron stripped from them their disguise, but though their kinds were revealed, he could not discover their names or their purposes. Then Sauron imprisoned them and one by one they killed by werewolves until only Beren and Felagund were left, but none of the companions betrayed them. And when the werewolf came to kill Beren, Felagund put forth all his power and burst his bonds; and he wrestled with the werewolf, and slew it with his hands and teeth. Yet he himself was wounded to the death, and he died in the dark, in Tol-in-Gaurhoth, whose great tower he himself had built. Thus King Finrod Felagund, the fairest and most beloved of the house of [[Finwë]], redeemed his oath. <br />
<br />
=== Reincarnation ===<br />
[[File:Donato Giancola - Lore.jpeg|thumb|An Elf loremaster ponders at a mural of Finrod leading his House in battle]]<br />
Because of Finrod's noble actions in life, and his reluctance to journey to Middle-earth, he was reincarnated after only a short time. He and [[Glorfindel]] were the only elves who were known to have been reincarnated before the [[War of Wrath]]. It is noted in the ''Lay of Leithian'' that Finrod was soon allowed to return to life in Valinor, and &quot;now dwells with Amarië&quot;, so they probably were wed later. It is also noted in [[The Silmarillion]] that &quot;''Finrod walks with Finarfin his father beneath the trees in [[Eldamar]]''&quot;.<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
The name Finrod is the Sindarin form of his [[father-name]] ''[[Findaráto]]'' (&quot;[Golden-]Haired Champion&quot;). His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''[[Ingoldo]]'' (&quot;The Noldo&quot;, singular for [[Noldor]]) or the name can also mean 'one-eminent of the kindred' which is in simpler words 'the wise.' '''''Felagund''''' was an [[epessë]] given to him by the [[Dwarves]] that expanded the caves of Nargothrond, and meant &quot;Hewer of Caves&quot;. It is not Sindarin, but rather Sindarized [[Khuzdul]], from ''[[Felakgundu]]''.<br />
<br />
Finrod was also called ''[[Nóm]]'' (&quot;Wisdom&quot;) by [[Bëor]] and his [[House of Bëor|people]]. His other titles include &quot;King of Nargothrond&quot;, &quot;Lord of Nargothrond&quot;, and &quot;[[Friend-of-Men]]&quot; which in elvish was ''[[Edennil]]'' and ''[[Atandil]]'', [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]] respectively.<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
[[Finarfin]] = [[Eärwen]]<br />
|<br />
___________________|_____________________<br />
| | | |<br />
| | | |<br />
'''FINROD''' [[Angrod]] = [[Eldalótë]] [[Aegnor]] [[Galadriel]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
[[Orodreth of Nargothrond|Orodreth]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
[[Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]]<br />
<br />
== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==<br />
In earlier versions of the Middle-earth myths (see: [[The History of Middle-earth]]), and in the first edition of [[The Lord of the Rings]], the name '''Finrod''' was given to the character later known as Finarfin. Finrod Felagund was then named '''[[Inglor Felagund]]'''. Because of that, some people speculate that Gildor Inglorion was Finrod's son, but there is much evidence to the contrary (see: [[Gildor Inglorion]]).<br />
<br />
In the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', Orodreth is Finrod's brother: this was an editorial decision by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and an admitted mistake. Orodreth was actually the son of Angrod and thus Finrod's nephew.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]''<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''<br />
* ''[[The Lays of Beleriand]]''<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Finrod Felagund|Images of Finrod Felagund]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]<br />
[[Category:House of Olwë]]<br />
[[de:Finrod]]<br />
[[fi:Finrod]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Bag_End&diff=133543Bag End2010-11-23T22:59:22Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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[[Image:J.R.R._Tolkien_-_The_Hall_at_Bag-End%2C_Residence_of_B._Baggins_Esquire.jpg|right|thumb|250px|''The Hall at Bag-End, the Residence of B. Baggins Esquire'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]<br />
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]]. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a Hobbit-hole, and that means comfort.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', &quot;[[An Unexpected Party]]&quot;}}<br />
'''Bag End''' (Bag-End in [[The Hobbit]]) was a smial (or [[Hobbit-holes|Hobbit-hole]]) in [[Hobbiton]], at the end of [[Bagshot Row]].<br />
<br />
[[Bilbo Baggins]] inherited the home from his parents, [[Bungo Baggins|Bungo]] and [[Belladonna Took|Belladonna Baggins]], who built the smial in [[Third Age]] 2889. The Hobbit-hole is noted to have a green door with a round brass knob, all but countless rooms with round windows, and a garden. Although Hobbits are known to be of small stature, larger visitors were often seen, indicating that the ceilings were certainly taller than might be expected. The grounds and home were kept by the [[Gamge Family|Gamgee family]], most notably Hamfast (&quot;[[The Gaffer]]&quot;) and later his son, [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]]. The beautiful hole was a point of contention between Bilbo and his relatives, the Sackville-Bagginses, who very much desired to own it.<br />
<br />
Here, Bilbo lived a quiet existence until the wizard [[Gandalf]] appeared with thirteen [[Dwarves]] at the beginning of ''The Hobbit''. Upon his return, he discovered the contents of the smial being auctioned off, due to his presumed death. The Sackville-Bagginses were extremely disappointed and frustrated at his return, and their subsequent loss of Bag End.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Jef Murray - Bag End.jpg|thumb|left|''Bag End'' by [[Jef Murray]]]]<br />
In 2989, the eccentric Bilbo adopted his cousin (and nephew) [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] as his heir. Frodo became the Master of Bag End on their mutual birthday, at the age of 33, when Bilbo, then 111 years old, left to live with the [[Elves]] at [[Rivendell]]. Frodo remained content at Bag End until Gandalf returned and confirmed that Bilbo's ring was actually the [[One Ring]]. Preperations for departure ensued, with Frodo selling Bag End to the Sackville-Bagginses and removing to [[Crickhollow]], before beginning the quest to destroy the ring.<br />
<br />
Upon their return during the [[Scouring of the Shire]], Frodo and company discover that [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]] had made Bag End his power base as he became [[Chief]] of the Shire. He succeeded, if only too well, and lost control of the entire enterprise. After [[Saruman]] arrived, [[Gríma Wormtongue]] killed Lotho in his sleep.<br />
<br />
Frodo resumed living in Bag End and was joined by Sam, upon his marriage to [[Rose Cotton]]. However, with wounds too deep to heal, in 3021 he named Sam his heir, and departed across the sea. Bag End remained in the Gamgee family (later known as the [[Gardner Family|Gardners]]) for at least three generations following Sam.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in Adaptations==<br />
<br />
In [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]], a life-sized exterior of Bag End was constructed as part of the Hobbiton set near Matamata, New Zealand. The interior sets of Bag End were built on two different scales, and their design was based on artwork by [[John Howe]].<br />
<br />
==Inspiration and Origin==<br />
<br />
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s aunt Jane Neave's farm was called Bag End by the locals in Dormston, Worcestershire.<br />
{{quote|It [Bag End] was the local name for my aunt's [Jane Neave] farm in Worcestershire, which was at the end of a lane leading to it and no further...|[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings|''Nomenclature'']]}}<br />
<br />
The name can also be seen as a pun on &quot;cul-de-sac&quot; (literally &quot;bottom of the bag&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;Nomen&quot;&gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &quot;[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings|Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings]]&quot; in [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] (eds), ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', p. 753&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
In the books, it is supposedly a translation of the [[Westron]] ''[[Laban-neg]], [[Labin-nec]]'', which has much the same meaning, and the same relationship to the Westron form of Baggins: ''[[Labingi]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;PM&quot;&gt;{{PM|Languages}}, p. 48&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Bag End|Images of Bag End]]<br />
*''[[Tolkien's Bag End]]''<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
* [http://www.jrrtolkien.org.uk/Images/bagendmap.jpg A floorplan of Bag End]<br />
* [http://www.ourhobbithole.com Fans who are building a Hobbit Hole]<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Buildings]]<br />
[[Category:Shire]]<br />
[[de:Beutelsend]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:comte:cul-de-sac]]<br />
[[fi:Repunpää]]<br />
__NOTOC__</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dol_Guldur&diff=133542Dol Guldur2010-11-23T22:59:15Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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{{disambig-two|the stronghold in [[Mirkwood]]|[[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]] supplement|[[Dol Guldur (book)]]}}<br />
{{location<br />
| image=[[Image:DolGuldur1024.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Dol Guldur<br />
| othernames=<br />
| etymology=[[S.]] ''dol'' &quot;hill&quot; + ''guldur'' &quot;sorcery&quot;<br />
| type=Fortress<br />
| location=Southern [[Mirkwood]]<br />
| inhabitants=[[Necromancer]] and his servants; [[Khamûl]]<br />
| realms=[[Dol Guldur]], a subpower of [[Sauron]] in [[Mordor]]<br />
| description=<br />
| events=[[Fall of Dol Guldur]]<br />
| references=<br />
|}}[[Image:Dolguldur.gif|thumb|235px|right|Dol Guldur Location]]{{Pronounce|Dol Guldur.mp3|Ardamir}}'''Dol Guldur''' (&quot;Hill of Sorcery&quot; in [[Sindarin]])&lt;ref&gt;''The Silmarillion'', Index, p. 324.&lt;/ref&gt; was a stronghold of [[Sauron]] located in the south of [[Mirkwood]]. It is first mentioned (as &quot;the dungeons of the Necromancer&quot;) in The Hobbit.&lt;ref&gt;''The Hobbit'', &quot;An Unexpected Party&quot;, p. 34.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''&quot;The sins of Middle Earth, Tolkien's use of Allegory&quot;''. Chapter 6. Greenwood Press. pp. 86.&lt;/ref&gt;<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Dol Guldur was established by [[Sauron]] after his return to [[Middle-earth]] somewhere after [[Third Age]] 1000, although his identity was hidden and was known as the [[Necromancer]]. Dol Guldur was originally known as '''Amon Lanc''' (&quot;Bald Hill&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;''Unfinished Tales'', &quot;Disaster of the Gladden Fields&quot;, p. 280, note 12.&lt;/ref&gt;, and had been the capital of [[Oropher]]'s [[Silvan Elves]], who had departed north to the [[Dark Mountains]] (later known as the [[Mountains of Mirkwood]]). After Sauron took over Amon Lanc, [[Thranduil]] son of [[Oropher]] led his people over the [[Forest River]], where they remained.<br />
<br />
The [[Council of the Wise]] long feared the Necromancer might indeed be Sauron, and in 2063 [[Gandalf]] went to Dol Guldur, and Sauron, not yet powerful, fled to the [[East]]. In 2460 Sauron returned there, just as the [[One Ring]] was found by [[Sméagol]] the [[Stoors|Stoor]]. However, the Ring disappeared with Sméagol under the [[Misty Mountains]].<br />
<br />
In 2845 [[Thráin II]], King of [[Durin's folk]]-in-exile and holder of the last of the [[Ring of Thrór|Seven Rings]] of the [[Dwarves]], was imprisoned in Dol Guldur's dungeons. In 2850 Gandalf again entered Dol Guldur, finding the dying Thráin, and Gandalf was entrusted with the [[Thrór's Map|map]] and key to give to [[Thorin Oakenshield]], although Thráin could not tell him his own or his son's name before he died. Gandalf confirmed Sauron was the master of Dol Guldur at that time.<br />
<br />
Gandalf returned to the [[White Council]] and urged an attack on Dol Guldur, but was overruled by [[Saruman]], who had begun searching for the One Ring in the area by then. In 2941 Saruman finally agreed to an attack, which occurred at the same time as the [[Quest of Erebor]]. This was carefully planned by Gandalf, so that Sauron and [[Smaug]] could not assist each other, as otherwise they surely would have done. Sauron fled to [[Mordor]], his plans now ready. Dol Guldur remained staffed by the [[The Mouth of Sauron|lieutenant]] of [[Barad-dûr]].<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], the forces of Dol Guldur made three assaults upon [[Lórien in Middle-earth|Lórien]], causing grievous damage to the outlying woodlands, but were driven back each time by the power of [[Nenya]] which only Sauron himself could have overcome. Dol Guldur was finally destroyed and cleansed by the [[Elves]] of Lórien, led by [[Galadriel]], after Sauron's fall. Named Amon Lanc once again, it became the capital of [[Celeborn, Lord of Lórien|Celeborn]]'s realm of [[East Lórien]] for a while.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in Adaptations==<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:Dol Guldur is commanded by the [[Mouth of Sauron]], not [[Khamûl]]. Dol Guldur (or Mordor itself) sent a huge army of Orcs, Haradrim, and Trolls to assault [[Erebor]]. The attack fails, and the Mouth of Sauron is killed along with all the attacking force. Dol Guldur is then itself attacked by a combined army of Elves and Dwarves led by [[Elrond]], [[Arwen]], [[Glorfindel]], [[Glóin]], and [[Dáin II Ironfoot|Dáin Ironfoot]]. After a long and hard struggle, the Elves and Dwarves finally overrun Dol Guldur and lay waste to the evil that dwelled there, ending Sauron's war campaign in the North once and for all.<br />
<br />
:In the Evil Campaign, the Goblins from Dol Guldur eliminate the Elves and the Ents that guard the Forest Road in Mirkwood.<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Dol Guldur|Images of Dol Guldur]]<br />
* [[Fall of Dol Guldur]]<br />
* [[Necromancer]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Fortresses]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Dol Guldur]]<br />
[[fi:Dol Guldur]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:rhovanion:dol_guldur]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Celebrimbor&diff=133540Celebrimbor2010-11-23T22:58:58Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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{{noldor infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Angus McBride - Celebrimbor.gif|250px]]<br />
| name=Celebrimbor<br />
| othernames=''[[Telperinquar]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]])<br />
| titles=Lord of Eregion<br />
| position=<br />
| realm=[[Nargothrond]]; [[Eregion]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth=During [[Years of the Trees]]<br />
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{SA|1697}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]: [[Ost-in-Edhil]]<br />
| age=2287+<br />
| house=[[House of Fëanor]]<br />
| parentage=[[Curufin]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Celebrimbor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Celebrimbor''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˌkeleˈbrimbor]}}) was born in [[Valinor]], the son of [[Curufin]], fifth son of [[Fëanor]]. Aside from his grandfather, Celebrimbor was the greatest craftsman in the history of [[Middle-earth]], and his forging of the [[Rings of Power]] led to the events chronicled in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
=== Early Life ===<br />
[[Image:Marya Filatova - Celebrimbor.jpg|thumb|left|Celebrimbor]]<br />
Celebrimbor followed his grandfather into [[Oath of Fëanor|exile]], though little is said of his deeds during the [[First Age]]. His unnamed mother remained in Valinor. He probably fled to [[Nargothrond]] after the [[Dagor Bragollach]]. However, he took no part in the deeds of Curufin and [[Celegorm]] regarding [[Lúthien]], [[Beren]], and [[Finrod Felagund|Finrod]]. He even repudiated his father's deeds and did not follow him when the two brothers were cast out from Nargothrond by [[Orodreth of Nargothrond|Orodreth]]. After the destruction of Nargothrond, Celebrimbor lived for a time in [[Gondolin]], where he was great jewel smith for King [[Turgon]]. He may have created the [[Elessar of Eärendil]], though other accounts name [[Enerdhil]] as the Master Jewelsmith and creator of the [[Elfstone]], who perhaps taught Celebrimbor this art.<br />
<br />
During the Second Age, he was lord of the elves of [[Ost-in-Edhil]] in [[Eregion]]. He was also the head of the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]], a guild of elven craftsmen. They skill was so renowned that they gained the admiration and friendship of the [[Dwarves]] of [[Khazad-dûm]]. Together with the dwarf [[Narvi]], Celebrimbor crafted the [[Doors of Durin]] that guarded the West-gate of the Dwarven kingdom.<br />
<br />
=== The Rings of Power ===<br />
Around Second Age 1200 a mysterious craftsman arrived at Ost-in-Edhil offering his knowledge to the Gwaith-i-Mírdain. This was [[Sauron]], in the guise of [[Annatar]] the &quot;Lord of Gifts&quot;, who had come to subvert and destroy the elves. <br />
<br />
Under the guidance and instruction of Annatar, Celebrimbor and the Gwaith-i-Mírdain made sixteen rings: seven for the Dwarves, and nine for [[Nazgûl|Men]]. And Celebrimbor created the three [[Three Rings|Rings of the Elves]], the greatest and fairest of the Rings of Power. These rings were thus free of Sauron's corrupting influence, for only Celebrimbor himself touched them. Celebrimbor named the rings [[Vilya]], [[Narya]], and [[Nenya]] after the principal Middle-earth elements of air, fire, and water, respectively.<br />
<br />
At this time, Sauron was secretly forging the [[One Ring]] in [[Orodruin]], which would enable him to rule Middle-earth by claiming dominance over all the Rings of Power and their bearers. Celebrimbor and the elves defied Sauron by withholding the other rings from him. Sauron retaliated by attacking Eregion, laying waste to the realm. Celebrimbor was killed in the sack, and the Rings of Men and Dwarves were taken. He had already sent the three rings away for safekeeping: Vilya and Narya to [[Gil-galad]] in [[Lindon]], and Nenya to [[Galadriel]] in [[Lothlórien]]. Sauron captured the lesser rings and used them as instruments of evil in later years, particularly against Men. Celebrimbor died from his torment, the last direct descendant of the line of Fëanor.<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
The name '''''Celebrimbor''''' is the [[Sindarin]] translation of his [[Quenya]] father-name '''[[Telperinquar]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˌtelpeˈriŋʷkʷar]}}), from ''[[celeb]]'' &quot;[[silver]]&quot; (or ''[[celebren]]'', &quot;silver-like&quot;) and ''[[paur]]'' &quot;fist&quot;, as in a hand holding a craft-tool or implement. His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] is unknown.<br />
<br />
== Renowned Works ==<br />
* The [[Elessar of Eärendil]]<br />
* [[Doors of Durin]] (with [[Narvi]])<br />
* The [[Rings of Power]]<br />
** The [[Nine Rings]] of Men (with [[Annatar]])<br />
** The [[Seven Rings]] of the Dwarves (with [[Annatar]])<br />
** The [[Three Rings]] of the Elves<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
&lt;br&gt;<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |~|y|~| FIN |~|y|~| IND | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]|IND=[[Indis]]|MIR=[[Míriel Serindë|Míriel]]|MHT=[[Mahtan]]}}<br />
{{familytree| |`|.| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | | | |)| FDS | | | FDS=[[Findis]]|FEA=[[Fëanor]]|NRD=[[Nerdanel]]}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |)| MDH | | | | | |)| FNG | | | |FNG=[[Fingolfin]]|MDH=[[Maedhros]]}}<br />
{{familytree| | | MAG |(| | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |MAG=[[Maglor]]}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |)| CEL | | | | | |)| IRM | |IRM=[[Irimë]]|CEL=[[Celegorm]]}}<br />
{{familytree| | | CAR |(| | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |CAR=[[Caranthir]]}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |)| CUR | | | | | |`| FRF | | | | |FRF=[[Finarfin]]|CUR=[[Curufin]]}}<br />
{{familytree| | | AMD |(| |`|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |AMD=[[Amrod]]}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |`| AMR | | CLB | | | | | | | |AMR=[[Amras]]|CLB='''CELEBRIMBOR'''}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
&lt;br&gt;<br />
<br />
=== See Also ===<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Celebrimbor|Images of Celebrimbor]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
*{{PM|Shibboleth}}<br />
*{{S|V}}<br />
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]<br />
[[Category:House of Fëanor]]<br />
[[Category:House of Mahtan]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[de:Celebrimbor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:celebrimbor]]<br />
[[fi:Celebrimbor]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&diff=133539Radagast2010-11-23T22:58:42Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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{{Istari infobox<br />
| image=[[Image:Radagast (Decipher).JPG|250px]]<br />
| name= Radagast<br />
| othernames= The Brown, [[Radagast|Aiwendil]], Bird Friend, Tender of Beasts, [[Bird-tamer]]<br />
| coming=[[Third Age 1000|T.A. 1000]]<br />
| duty=[[Istari]]<br />
| death=Unknown<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| robes= Brown<br />
| hair=White and Grey<br />
| appearance=Old man cloaked in brown<br />
|}}<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! ... Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}<br />
<br />
'''Radagast the Brown''' was one of the [[Wizards]], a good friend of [[Gandalf]], and had a strong affinity for animals. He lived at [[Rhosgobel]], on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
Radagast, like the other Wizards, came from [[Valinor]] around the year [[Third Age 1000|1000]] of the [[Third Age]] and was one of the [[Maiar]] of [[Valie]] [[Yavanna]]. His original name was '''Aiwendil''' (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}), meaning ''Bird Friend'' in [[Quenya]]. Yavanna forced [[Curumo]] to accept Radagast as a companion, which may have been one of the reasons Saruman was contemptuous of him.<br />
<br />
The wizard's home was in [[Rhosgobel]] on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]]. He was a friend of [[Beorn]] as well as a friend to the forest's many creatures, especially birds whom he communicated with. Despite this, Gandalf was still more knowledgeable of the animals, and more respected by them than Radagast. Radagast spent most of his time with the wildlife instead of [[Men]] and [[Elves]], whom he found more difficult to deal with. Radagast grew neglectful and easygoing, and he lacked courage, however he remained of good will.<br />
<br />
In the summer of [[Third Age 3018|3018]] Radagast was unwittingly used by Saruman to lure Gandalf to [[Orthanc]], sending him to [[Bree]] with a message for Gandalf. In this message Saruman asked Gandalf to come to Orthanc, where Saruman trapped and captured him. Luckily, Radagast didn't mean any harm to Gandalf, and wasn't aware of Saruman's plan. So Radagast also helped rescue the grey wizard by alerting the [[Eagles]] of Gandalf's journey there.<br />
<br />
Radagast is without a doubt a mysterious character. While there is little doubt that his heart was in the right place, he did not possess that same selflessness that allowed Gandalf to fulfill the task set to him by the Valar, to aid the free people. Deigning to leave his wooded home, Radagast remained in Northern Mirkwood with the birds and the beasts and the trees. <br />
<br />
So in the end, it seems that Radagast was among the four wizards who failed in their tasks to help fight against Sauron. He was not ambitious and cruel like Saruman, but there is no record of him contributing to the downfall of Sauron. <br />
<br />
What became of Radagast the Brown in the [[Fourth Age]] is left to speculation. It is possible that he was allowed to return to Valinor, but this seems unlikely. Radagast may have left to wander [[Middle-earth]], or he may have stayed with his birds and his beasts, content to while away the days in Mirkwood until he himself faded away and became part of the forest, the trees and the plants and the leaves.<br />
<br />
==Other names==<br />
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|right|''Radagast'' by [[Angelo Montanini]]]]<br />
* The Brown<br />
* [[Radagast|Aiwendil]]<br />
* Bird Friend<br />
* Tender of Beasts<br />
* Radagast the Bird-tamer - a name mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman.<br />
* Radagast the Simple - a name mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman.<br />
* Radagast the Fool - a name mockingly given to Radagast by Saruman.<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
According to the essay &quot;The Istari&quot; from the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', the name ''Radagast'' means &quot;tender of beasts&quot; in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]]. However, in a later note [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.<br />
<br />
The name ''Radagast'' may actually be [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]]. The word ''gast'' means &quot;ghost, spirit, angel.&quot; The element ''rad'' could be derived from ''rudu'', meaning &quot;ruddy, reddish&quot;. If this is the case, his name could be translated as &quot;Ruddy Angel&quot; or &quot;Ruddy Spirit&quot;, in reference to his [[Maia]] nature and his cloak's color (brown, or perhaps ruddy brown). But this may be too much speculation. <br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 Radagast (god)] was a Slavic name, perhaps referring to a god from Slavic mythology and perhaps Tolkien drew it from there. See the link for the meaning of the name.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is however not the person who sends the [[Eagles|Eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:The character Radagast and virtually all references to him were removed. He was originally to appear in a background scene, but this was removed because it was thought it would only confuse people.{{fact}} He later appeared on a [[Decipher Card]], played by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]]'s John Harding.<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Radagast is a non-playable character, who gives various quests. He resides at Ost Guruth and Agamaur, keeps in the [[Lone-lands]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* ''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Queer Lodgings]]<br />
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]<br />
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Istari]]<br />
* ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'' &quot;The Etymologies,&quot; entries AIWE and (N)DIL<br />
* ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 156]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]<br />
<br />
{{ainur}}<br />
[[Category:Wizards]]<br />
[[Category:Maiar]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Names]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[de:Radagast]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]<br />
[[fi:Radagast]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Teleri&diff=133536Teleri2010-11-23T22:58:28Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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{{disambig-two|the Third Clan in general|the Teleri of Aman|[[Falmari]]}}<br />
{{race<br />
|image=[[Image:Anya Valle - Telerin Elf maiden.jpg|250px]]<br />
|name=Teleri<br />
|dominions=[[Alqualondë]], [[Isle of Balar]], [[Ossiriand]], [[Doriath]], [[Tol Eressëa]], [[Edhellond]], [[Mithlond]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Mirkwood]]<br />
|languages=[[Sindarin]], [[Common Telerin]], [[Nandorin]]<br />
|height=Tall<br />
|length=<br />
|skincolor=White<br />
|haircolor=Dark, silver<br />
|feathers=<br />
|distinctions=Adoration for the sea/forest<br />
|lifespan=Immortal<br />
|members=[[Elwë]], [[Olwë]], [[Celeborn, Lord of Lórien|Celeborn]], [[Círdan]], [[Lenwë]]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Teleri''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈteleri]}}) were the third of the [[Elves|Elf]] clans who took the [[Great Journey]]. They were the ancestors of the [[Valinor]]ean Teleri (became known as the [[Falmari]]), and the [[Sindar]], [[Laiquendi]], and [[Nandor]] of [[Middle-earth]].<br />
<br />
The '''[[Nelyar]]''' (&quot;The Third&quot;) were the largest of the three houses of the Elves. According to legend, the Teleri were descended from [[Enel]], the third Elf to [[Awakening of the Elves|awake]] in [[Cuiviénen]], his spouse [[Enelyë]] and their seventy-two companions; most of the [[Avari]] originally belonged to this clan. But it was [[Elwë]], the first of the Teleri to come to Valinor, who became their king. <br />
<br />
In ancient times they named themselves '''[[Lindar]]''', or &quot;Singers&quot;, because they were known for their fair voice.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
=== During the Great Journey ===<br />
<br />
When the [[Valar]] decided to bring the [[Quendi]] to [[Aman]], they chose three ambassadors. [[Ingwë]], [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë]] traveled there and tried to convice their people to make the journey. Many of them, particularly of the Nelyar clan, refused, and were named [[Avari]], &quot;The Unwilling&quot;.<br />
<br />
The Teleri clan, led by Elwë and his brother [[Olwë]] was the last clan to depart, and they were the only ones who were unwilling to leave the wild lands of [[Middle-earth]]. After traveling for many years, the Teleri stopped near river [[Anduin]] being frightened by the [[Hithaeglir]] ([[Misty Mountains]]). Then a group led by [[Lenwë]] departed from the journey and headed south. They were called the [[Nandor]]. Eventually, the other Teleri passed the Misty Mountains and dwelt in eastern [[Beleriand]] near the river [[Gelion]].<br />
<br />
That was the time when Elwë fell in love with [[Melian]] the [[Maiar|Maia]] and became separated from the Teleri, standing in the forest of [[Nan Elmoth]] for a long time only staring at her. Some Teleri, especially his friends and close relatives were searching for him for a long time.<br />
<br />
When the Vanyar and the Noldor traveled into the West, the Teleri were living near the Gelion and did not hear [[Ulmo]]'s call. When they learned that the others had traveled, they headed to the shores of Beleriand near the mouth of the river [[Sirion]] waiting for [[Ulmo]]. The Maia [[Ossë]] kept them company while they waited, and became their friend. Seeing that Elwë had disappeared, they made Olwë their only High King.<br />
<br />
Later, when Ulmo arrived again with the island ferry, most of the Teleri agreed to travel. Again, there were some who wanted to stay with Ossë, and they were known as [[Falathrim]], led by [[Círdan]]. After Elwë was found again and Círdan accepted him as King of Beleriand, the folk of both Elwë and Círdan became collectively known as the [[Sindar]], who also called themselves the[[Eglath]].<br />
<br />
=== After the Great Journey ===<br />
<br />
The island was stabilized by Ulmo near the [[Bay of Eldamar]], and it was named [[Tol Eressëa]], ''The Lonely Island''. The Teleri lived there for many years until they felt that they should see the other [[Eldar]] who lived in Aman proper. With the help of Ossë they built ships and traveled to the coasts of Aman, where they dwelt. There Olwë built [[Alqualondë]], the greatest city of Teleri, and its people were united with the people of [[Tirion]] and [[Finwë]].<br />
<br />
Later, when [[Melkor]] stole the [[Silmarils]], the [[Noldor]] led by [[Fëanor]] demanded that the Teleri let them use their ships. When the Teleri refused, they took the ships by force, committing the [[First Kinslaying]]. For this reason few or none of the Teleri joined the host of the [[Valar]] which at the end of the [[First Age]] set out to capture [[Morgoth]] for good. It is recounted that the Teleri eventually forgave the Noldor for the Kinslayings, and the two kindreds were at peace again.<br />
<br />
==Sundering of Teleri==<br />
*'''[[Falmari]]'''. Led by [[Olwë]], they (along with [[Elwë]] and his direct descendants) were the only [[Calaquendi]] of the Teleri clan. They lived in Tol Eressëa and along the east shores of Aman.<br />
<br />
*'''[[Nandor]]''' Teleri who abandoned the Great Journey near river Anduin, led by [[Lenwë]].<br />
**'''[[Laiquendi]]''' The Elves of [[Ossiriand]], who were themselves Nandor led by [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]].<br />
<br />
*'''[[Sindar]]''' All Teleri who remained in Beleriand. The Sindar of [[Beleriand]] called themselves simply ''[[Sindar|Edhil]]'', which means ''Elves'', and is related to the Quenya word ''Eldar'' of the same meaning. Elwë was their King. These were further divided into:<br />
**'''[[Iathrim]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Q&amp;E-B-S-3&quot;&gt;{{HM|WJ}}, &quot;[[Quendi and Eldar]]&quot;, B., ''Sindarin'', 3.&lt;/ref&gt;, those who lived in [[Doriath]], the realm directly ruled by King [[Thingol]], that is Elwë.<br />
**'''[[Falathrim]]''', those who lived in the [[Falas]] ruled by [[Círdan]].<br />
**'''Mithrim'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Q&amp;E-B-S-3&quot;/&gt;, or Sindar of the North, those who lived in Northern Beleriand: in [[Hithlum]], especially in the area called after them [[Mithrim]], in [[Dorthonion]] or in [[Nevrast]]. They suffered most from Morgoth's attacks before the first rising of the Sun, and their remnants were largely absorbed by the Noldor who afterwards occupied those lands.<br />
<br />
==Language==<br />
The Teleri spoke the [[Common Telerin]] language during the Journey, from which [[Sindarin]] (with its dialects of [[Doriathrin]], [[Falathrin]] and [[North Sindarin]]) and [[Nandorin]] were derived, as well as the [[Telerin]] of Aman, often considered a dialect of [[Quenya]] (if only by virtue that it preserved more of the archaic Common Eldarin features than any other language and remained mutually intelligible with Quenya). <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Teleri is the plural of Teler which means &quot;last&quot;, root [[TEL]]. <br />
<br />
Equivalent names were ''[[Nelyar]], [[Lindar]]'' or ''[[Glinnel|Glinnil]]''<br />
<br />
In ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' the word Teleri refers both to the Third Clan in general, and that branch that made it to Aman, taken from the Vanyar and Noldor point of view; particularly the Teleri of Aman were called [[Falmari]]. <br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
In the early versions of Tolkien's mythology (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''), they were known as '''''Solosimpi''''' (&quot;Pipers of the Shores&quot;), while the name ''Teleri'' was given to the clan of Elves known in the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' as [[Vanyar]].<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
&lt;gallery&gt;<br />
Image:Anya Valle - Telerin Elf maiden.jpg | A typical Telerin Elf maiden.<br />
Image:Ted Nasmith - The Ships of the Teleri Drawn by Swans.jpg | [[Falmari]]<br />
Image:Rob Alexander - Elven Cloak.jpg | [[Nandor]]<br />
Image:Grant Gould - LotR Elf.jpg | [[Sindar]]<br />
Image:PJ's LotR - Celeborn1.jpg | [[Celeborn]]<br />
Image:Hope Hoover - Cirdan sketch.jpg | [[Círdan]]<br />
Image:Marya Filatova - Earwen.jpg | [[Eärwen]]<br />
Image:Felix Sotomayor - Elu Thingol.jpg | [[Elwë]]<br />
Image:Grant Gould - Legolas.jpg | [[Legolas]]<br />
Image:Sirielle OlweBeleriand.jpg | [[Olwë]]<br />
Image:Thranduil from Rankin-Bass' The Hobbit.jpg | [[Thranduil]] (just kidding)<br />
Image:Anna Lee - Thranduil and Legolas.jpg | [[Thranduil]]<br />
Image:Anya Valle - Celebrian.jpg | [[Celebrían]] (3/4)<br />
Image:Anya Valle - Elwing.jpg | [[Elwing]] (5/8)<br />
Image:Finduilas by lilie morhiril.jpg | [[Finduilas of Nargothrond|Finduilas]] (5/8)<br />
Image:Soni - Gil-galad at the Last Alliance.jpg | [[Gil-galad]] (5/8)<br />
Image:Peter Jackson's Arwen.jpg | [[Arwen]] (17/32)<br />
Image:Elladan - Farien Narquelie.jpg | [[Elladan]] (17/32)<br />
Image:Hope Hoover - Elrohir.jpg | [[Elrohir]] (17/32)<br />
Image:Marya Filatova - Aikanaro.jpg | [[Aegnor]] (1/2)<br />
Image:Marya Filatova - Angrod son of Finarfin.jpg | [[Angrod]] (1/2)<br />
Image:Anna Lee - Finrod.jpg | [[Finrod]] (1/2)<br />
Image:Sylvia Polster - Galadriel.jpg | [[Galadriel]] (1/2)<br />
Image:Anya Valle - Luthien.png | [[Lúthien]] (1/2)<br />
Image:Elrond.jpg | [[Elrond]] (5/16)<br />
Image:Hope Hoover - Elros sketch.jpg | [[Elros]] (5/16)<br />
Image:Eldarion from Peter Jackson's The Return of the King.jpg | [[Eldarion]] (&gt;17/64)<br />
Image:Unknown Artist - Dior.jpg | [[Dior Eluchíl|Dior]] (1/4)<br />
Image:Marya Filatova - Orodreth.jpg | [[Orodreth]] (1/4)<br />
&lt;/gallery&gt;<br />
{{elves}}<br />
{{references}}&lt;small&gt;<br />
* {{HM|S}}, &quot;[[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]&quot;<br />
* {{HM|S}}, &quot;[[Of Thingol and Melian]]&quot;<br />
* {{HM|S}}, &quot;[[Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië]]&quot;<br />
* {{HM|S}}, &quot;[[Of the Sindar]]&quot;<br />
* {{HM|S}}, &quot;[[Of Beleriand and Its Realms]]&quot;<br />
&lt;/small&gt;<br />
<br />
[[Category:Elves]]<br />
[[category:Quenya nouns]]<br />
[[de:Teleri]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:elfes:teleri:teleri]]<br />
[[fi:Teleri (kansa)]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=%C3%86lfwine&diff=133535Ælfwine2010-11-23T22:58:27Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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{{noncanon}}<br />
'''Ælfwine''', also known as Wídlást ('Fartravelled') and called by the [[Elves]] '''Eriol''', was the first [[Men|Man]] to find the [[Straight Road]] and visit [[Tol Eressëa]] after many millennia.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Ælfwine son of [[Éadwine]], son of [[Óswine]] was born around 869 AD. An Anglo-Saxon, living in Britain during the 10th century. When Ælfwine was nine years old, his father sailed off with his ship Éarendel and never returned. <br />
<br />
Because of the attacks of the Danes, his mother fled with him from Somerset, where they lived, to the West Wales, where she had her kindred.<br />
<br />
He was a long way descendant of [[Eärendil]], and had, like all of Eärendil's descendants, sea-longing in his blood.&lt;ref&gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part 2|The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', &quot;[[The History of Eriol or Ælfwine]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; He was a sailor and a minstrel. <br />
<br />
Having grown up to full manhood and learned the Welsh language and much sea-craft he returned to Somerset to serve the King [[Eadweard]]'s [[thain#Etymology|thegn]] [[Odda]] in the wars. In the service of Odda he sailed and visited both Wales and Ireland many times. On his journeys he always sought tales of the sea, and thus came to hear the Irish legends of Maelduin and [[Saint Brendan]], who both set out to sea, and came to &quot;many islands in succession, where they encountered marvel upon marvel&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]''&lt;/ref&gt; He heard also of a great land in the west which had been cast down. The survivors of the disaster had settled on Ireland and dwindled there; and the successors of these men all had the sea-longing in their blood, so that many sailed off west and never returned. Ælfwine thought he might be one of these descendants.<br />
<br />
Around the year 915, in autumn, the Danes attacked Porlock. They were at first driven off and Ælfwine's company managed to capture a Danish &quot;cnearr&quot; at night. At dawn Ælfwine told to his closest friend, [[Tréowine]], he intended to sail off westward, perhaps to the country of the legendary king Sheaf. Tréowine agreed to accompany him at least as far as to Ireland. They got two other companions: [[Ceola]] of Somerset and [[Geraint]] of West Wales.<br />
<br />
Many days after they passed Ireland the voyagers were exhausted. A &quot;dreamlike death&quot; seemed to come over them, and soon they passed out. The last that is known of the journey is that Tréowine saw the world plunge down under them, while sailing the [[Straight Road]].<br />
<br />
When Ælfwine woke up, he found himself lying on a beach of [[Tol Eressëa]] and a group of [[Elves]] pulling up his ship on the shore. He came to [[Tavrobel]], where lived [[Pengolodh]] who told him the [[Ainulindalë (chapter)|Ainulindalë]],&lt;ref&gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]''&lt;/ref&gt; and he was shown the ''[[Lammas]]'',&lt;ref&gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', &quot;[[Lhammas]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', the [[Golden Book]],&lt;ref&gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', &quot;Quenta Silmarillion&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; the ''[[Narn i Chîn Húrin]]'',&lt;ref&gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'', &quot;[[Ælfwine and Dírhaval]]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[The Annals of Aman|Annals of Aman]] and [[Annals of Beleriand|Beleriand]]. <br />
<br />
Ælfwine learned much of this lore. When he returned to England, he translated the Silmarillion, the Annals and the ''Narn'' into Old English, giving explanations on the many names.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the Legendarium==<br />
In the published version of the [[legendarium]] ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' derive from the [[Red Book]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]'s edits and [[Translations from the Elvish]]. <br />
<br />
Christopher Tolkien decided to remove all references of Ælfwine from ''The Silmarillion'' since it could make the work too complex. The latest version of the ''[[Akallabêth]]'' contained references to Ælfwine, but [[Christopher Tolkien]] had to edit it somewhat in order to publish it in the ''[[Silmarillion]]''.<br />
<br />
Still, in some of the later writings of Tolkien he wrote after ''The Lord of the Rings'', Ælfwine is still referred and it is hinted that he didn't fully abandon the idea of Ælfwine's translations, since the two frameworks (Red Book and Ælfwine) are not mutually exclusive. <br />
<br />
Ælfwine is also given as the author of the various translations in [[Old English]] that appear in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series. A minor discrepancy is that whereas Ælfwine is described as hailing from the north-west of England, his Old English texts are in the Mercian dialect, which was Tolkien's favourite.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name Ælfwine simply means &quot;[[Elf-friend]]&quot;, and is the [[Old English]] equivalent of [[Elendil]] and of course [[Elfwine]]. It is possibly intended as a cognate of [[Alboin]] and [[Alwin Lowdham|Alwin]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Men]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fornost&diff=133534Battle of Fornost2010-11-23T22:58:21Z<p>Opogyvupos: </p>
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{{battle|<br />
image=|<br />
name=Battle of Fornost|<br />
conflict=[[Angmar War]]|<br />
date=[[Third Age 1975 | T.A. 1975]]|<br />
place=In the plain Between the Nenuial and Fornost, and later somewhere near the lands of Angmar|<br />
result=Decisive victory for the Allies, and the complete destruction of Angmar's forces|<br />
side1=Elves, Men, and a few Hobbits|<br />
side2=Orcs, Evil Men, Trolls, other creatures|<br />
commanders1=<br />
*[[Eärnur]]|<br />
*[[Círdan]]|<br />
*[[Glorfindel]]|<br />
commanders2=<br />
*[[Witch-king of Angmar]]|<br />
forces1=Est. 10-20,000 soldiers from Gondor, Cavalry from the Anduin Vales, Elves from [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], and Lothlorien, some Hobbit bowmen from the [[Shire]], and some of the remnants of [[Arnor]]|<br />
forces2=Est. 25-30,000 Orcs, Evil Men, Trolls, and other evil creatures|casual1=Unknown, possibly thousands|<br />
casual2=Total destruction of the Angmar forces, except the Witch-king|<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Battle of Fornost''' was the climatic battle that defeated the [[Witch-king of Angmar]], and his armies.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Leading Up to the Battle ==<br />
<br />
By the year [[Third Age 1975 | 1975]], the kingdom of [[Arnor]] had been at war with the land of Angmar for six hundred nineteen years, and In the previous year of [[Third Age 1974 |1974]], Arnor was destroyed in the [[Fall of Fornost]] by the Witch-king's armies. The remnants of it's forces fled west over the river [[Lune]] to the realm of [[Lindon]], and it's last king, [[Arvedui]], perished in the [[Icebay of Forochel]] in 1975.<br />
Although two years previous, in [[Third Age 1973 | 1973]] Arnor sent a message to King [[Eärnil II]] of [[Gondor]] that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing it final assault . The King sent his son Prince [[Eärnur]], with a fleet of ships to Lindon to aid Arnor. But it was too late. Before the fleet reached Lindon, which was two years later, Arnor had fallen and its people were taking refuge in the [[Grey Havens]]. <br />
When Eärnur reached the Havens there was much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. Because there were so many ships that the fleet could barely find harborage, even after filling [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the Havens; and from them came a large host of Gondor. Which to the Elves and Men seemed like a vast host, when in fact it was just a small force compared to the full might of Gondor. Not just Gondorian soldiers came, many were actually from the realm of [[Rhovanion (Realm)|Rhovanion]] with their fair horses from the [[Vales of the Anduin |Anduin Vales]].<br />
[[Círdan]] who was the Lord of Lindon, summoned all who would from both his realm and the remnants of the [[Dúnedain of the North]]. When all the preparations were finished this allied host of Gondor, Lindon, and Arnor marched north across the river Lune, to challenge Witch-king. Who was now dwelling in [[Fornost]], which was populated with his minions, usurping the house and rule of the kings.<br />
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== The Battle ==<br />
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It didn't take long before news of their march came to the Witch-king. And in his pride he sent his men out to meet them instead of waiting for battle behind his fortress-like city, thinking he could drive them back over the Lune as before.<br />
The Allies had passed of over the southern [[Hills of Evendim]] when they were met by the forces of Angmar in the plains between Nenuial and Fornost. A great battle began, and when Angmar forces began to retreat back to Fornost. When out of the north came the main body of the Allies' horsemen which had passed around the hills came down and scattered in a rout. The Witch-king, with all that he could rally, fled north to the lands of Angmar. But before he could make it to the safety of his old fortress of [[Carn Dûm]] he was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor with Prince Eärnur at its head. At the same time a force led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out of [[Rivendell]]. Then so utterly was Angmar defeated that not single a Man or Orc of that realm remained west of the [[Misty Mountains]].<br />
When all was lost the Witch-king appeared and singled out Eärnur with all of his hatred, and rode upon him with a cry. The Prince could have withstood him but his horse was so frightened that, while baring him, fled far away before he could master it.<br />
As the Witch-king laughed at this, Glorfindel rode up on his white horse, and in mid laugh the Witch-king fled into the darkness of the night. After hundreds of years the war was over. Eärnur returned, and the Elf-lord said: &quot;Do not pursue him! He will not return to this land. Far off yet is his doom, and not by the hand of man will he fall.&quot;.<br />
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== Aftermath ==<br />
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Thus the North was freed from the evil of realm of Angmar, but [[Arnor]] was no more. Those Dúnedain that remained became the [[Rangers of the North]], their first chieftain being [[Aranarth]] son of King Arvedui.<br />
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The Witch-king eventually made it to [[Mordor]] in [[Third Age 1980 | T.A. 1980]], where he gathered the [[Nazgûl]] to later in [[Third Age 2000 |T.A. 2000]] siege [[Minas Ithil]]. In [[Third Age 2043 | T.A. 2043]], a challenge was issued to King Eärnur who had become king that same year, but the challenge he ignored. Years later in [[Third Age 2050 | T.A. 2050]] a second challenge was sent, and this time Eärnur accepted. He rode alone to Minas Ithil- now Minas Morgul- and was never seen again. <br />
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== Sources ==<br />
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*[[Appendix A]]<br />
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[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]<br />
[[de:Schlacht von Fornost]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:3a:guerres:bataille_de_fornost]]<br />
[[fi:Fornostin Taistelu]]</div>Opogyvuposhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Opogyvupos&diff=132575User talk:Opogyvupos2010-11-14T20:15:54Z<p>Opogyvupos: Adding welcome message to new user's talk page</p>
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