Sundocarme: Difference between revisions
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{{quote|Roots are in capitals, and are not words in use at all, but serve as an elucidation of the words grouped together and a connection between them.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s note in the ''[[Qenya Lexicon]]''<ref>{{LT1|X}}</ref>}} | |||
'''Sundocarmë''' is the concept of an etymological root of the [[languages]]. All [[Elvish]] and [[Mannish]] words (and in a sense, also [[Khuzdul]]) derive from a base root. | '''Sundocarmë''' is the concept of an etymological root of the [[languages]]. All [[Elvish]] and [[Mannish]] words (and in a sense, also [[Khuzdul]]) derive from a base root. | ||
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*VC or CV (examples: K<sup>W</sup>E "speak"; this category is called ''monoconsonantic'') | *VC or CV (examples: K<sup>W</sup>E "speak"; this category is called ''monoconsonantic'') | ||
*(C)VCV (examples: DELE- "walk", ABA- "deny"; this category was preferred for meanings related to actions/verbs) | *(C)VCV (examples: [[DELE]]- "walk", [[ABA]]- "deny"; this category was preferred for meanings related to actions/verbs) | ||
*CVC(V) (examples: TATA- "two", TUR- "power, control") | *CVC(V) (examples: [[TATA]]- "two", [[TUR]]- "power, control") | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
These are some of the roots, with their derivatives in various languages | These are some of the roots, with their derivatives in various languages | ||
;[[GALA]] | |||
:[[GALÁD]]: [[Proto-Quendian]] ''[[galadâ]]'', [[Telerin]] ''[[galla]]'', [[Sindarin]] ''[[galadh]]'', [[Quenya]] ''[[alda]]'' | |||
;[[NAR]]: Quenya ''[[nárë]]'', Sindarin ''[[naur]]'' | |||
:[[A-NÁR]]: Quenya ''[[Sun|anar]]'', Sindarin ''[[Sun|anor]]'' | |||
;[[KWE|K<sup>W</sup>E]] | |||
[[Category: | :[[KWETE|K<sup>W</sup>ETE]]: Quenya ''[[quetta]], [[quenta]], quet'', Sindarin ''[[peth]]'' | ||
:[[KWENE|K<sup>W</sup>ENE]]: Proto-Quendian ''[[kwendê]]'', Quenya ''[[quendë]]'', Sindarin ''[[pen]]'', [[Avarin]] ''[[penni]]'' etc. | |||
;[[LAK]] | |||
:[[A-LAK]]: Proto-Quendian ''alak<sup>w</sup>â'', Quenya ''[[alqua]]'', Sindarin ''[[alph]]''. | |||
;[[ROK|ROKO]] | |||
:Quenya ''[[Horse#Names|rocco]]'', Sindarin ''[[Horse#Names|roch]]'' | |||
Some [[Mannish]] roots (which sometimes derived from Elvish words) have been: | |||
;[[BAR]]: [[Adûnaic]] ''[[abâr]]'', ''[[abrazân]]'', [[Westron]] ''[[branda|brand(a)]]'', ''[[bara]]'' | |||
;[[BITH]]: Adûnaic ''[[bêth]]'', ''[[saibêth]]'', Westron ''[[batta]]'' | |||
;[[ZIR]]: Adûnaic ''[[zîr]]'', ''[[izrê]]'', ''[[zâir]]'', ''[[nimruzîr]]'' | |||
==External links== | |||
*[[Wikipedia:Root (linguistics)]] | |||
[[Category:Linguistic terms]] | |||
[[Category:roots|*]] |
Revision as of 22:51, 30 August 2014
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- "Roots are in capitals, and are not words in use at all, but serve as an elucidation of the words grouped together and a connection between them."
- ― J.R.R. Tolkien's note in the Qenya Lexicon[1]
Sundocarmë is the concept of an etymological root of the languages. All Elvish and Mannish words (and in a sense, also Khuzdul) derive from a base root.
Sundocarmi are not actual words, but bases that contain the general meanings, and from which, during the process of evolution and times, real words were derived through affixes, suffixes, or modifications.
In the very first phase of the Primitive Quendian, sundocarmi were probably used as actual words; in that period the Elves could speak only through uninflected words, without any differentiation between parts of the speech (Tradition says that the very first word ever said by an Elf was el-e!, a primitive exclamation "look!", referring to a star).
The consonants of the root was called sundo and the central radical vowel called sundóma.
Categories
Sundocarmi usually have the construction combinations:
- VC or CV (examples: KWE "speak"; this category is called monoconsonantic)
- (C)VCV (examples: DELE- "walk", ABA- "deny"; this category was preferred for meanings related to actions/verbs)
- CVC(V) (examples: TATA- "two", TUR- "power, control")
Examples
These are some of the roots, with their derivatives in various languages
- GALA
- GALÁD: Proto-Quendian galadâ, Telerin galla, Sindarin galadh, Quenya alda
- NAR
- Quenya nárë, Sindarin naur
- A-NÁR: Quenya anar, Sindarin anor
- KWE
- KWETE: Quenya quetta, quenta, quet, Sindarin peth
- KWENE: Proto-Quendian kwendê, Quenya quendë, Sindarin pen, Avarin penni etc.
- LAK
- A-LAK: Proto-Quendian alakwâ, Quenya alqua, Sindarin alph.
- ROKO
- Quenya rocco, Sindarin roch
Some Mannish roots (which sometimes derived from Elvish words) have been:
- BAR
- Adûnaic abâr, abrazân, Westron brand(a), bara
- BITH
- Adûnaic bêth, saibêth, Westron batta
- ZIR
- Adûnaic zîr, izrê, zâir, nimruzîr