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{{numenorean
{{disambig-two|the [[King of Númenor|King]] of [[Númenor]]|[[Kings of Gondor|King]] of [[Gondor]]|[[Calmacil (King of Gondor)]]}}
{{numenorean infobox
| name=Tar-Calmacil
| image=
| image=
| name=Tar-Calmacil
| caption=
| othernames=[[Ar-Belzagar]]
| pronun=
| birth=[[Second Age 2516|S.A. 2516]]
| othernames=''Ar-Belzagar'' ([[Adûnaic|A]])<ref name=Tar-Calmacil>{{UT|Kings}}, entry XVIII ''Tar-Calmacil''</ref>
| rule=[[Second Age 2737|S.A. 2737]] until death (88 [[Years of the Sun|years]])
| titles=[[King of Númenor]]
| death=[[Second Age 2825|S.A. 2825]]
| position=
| age=299 years
| location=[[Númenor]]
| party=[[King's Men]]
| affiliation=[[King's Men]]
| language=[[Adûnaic]]; used [[Quenya]] out of custom
| language=[[Adûnaic]]; used [[Quenya]] out of custom
| birth={{SA|2516}}<ref name=Tar-Calmacil/>
| birthlocation=
| rule={{SA|2737}} - {{SA|2825|n}} (88 years)<ref name=Tar-Calmacil/>
| death={{SA|2825}}<ref name=Tar-Calmacil/>
| deathlocation=
| age=309
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| parentage=[[Tar-Alcarin]]<ref name=Tar-Alcarin>{{UT|Kings}}, entry XVII ''Tar-Alcarin''</ref>
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Tar-Ardamin]]<ref name=Tar-Ardamin>{{UT|Kings}}, entry XIX ''Tar-Ardamin''</ref>, [[Gimilzagar]]<ref>{{UT|5a}}, Note 12</ref>
| gender=Male
| gender=Male
| height=
| height=
| hair=
| hair=
| eyes=
| eyes=
| parentage=[[Tar-Alcarin]]
| clothing=
| siblings=
| weapons=
| spouse=
| steed=
| children=[[Tar-Ardamin]], [[Gimilzagar]]
}}
|}}
'''Tar-Calmacil''' was the eighteenth ruler of [[Númenor]].<ref name=Tar-Calmacil/>
'''Tar-Calmacil''' was the eighteenth ruler of [[Númenor]]. He succeeded his father, [[Tar-Alcarin]], as King. His name means "Bright Sword", which he took in recognition of the territorial victories he had in [[Middle-earth]] as a renowned captain of Númenor.
 
==History==
''Calmacil'' was the son of [[Tar-Alcarin]]. He was a great captain of the soldiers of Númenor and conquered wide lands along the coasts of Middle-earth in his youth. As a consequence, Sauron withdrew from the coasts and built his power in the East far from the coasts.<ref name=Tar-Calmacil/>
 
After the death of his father, he chose the name [[Tar-Calmacil]] when he took the [[Sceptre]], because of his conquests in his youth.<ref name=Tar-Calmacil/>
 
During his reign the [[King's Men]] called him Ar-Belzagar. This was the first time that the king's name was spoken in [[Adûnaic]].<ref name=Tar-Calmacil/>
 
He was succeeded by his son [[Tar-Ardamin]].<ref name=Tar-Ardamin/>
 
==Etymology==
''Calmacil'' is a [[Quenya]] name. Its meaning is not glossed, but as Paul Strack suggests it means "Sword of Light" or "Shining Sword" as a compound of ''[[cala]]'' ("light") and ''[[macil]]'' ("sword").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-141190487.html|articlename=Q. ''Calmacil'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=25 December 2021}}</ref> [[Helge Fauskanger]] suggests that the name means "light-sword".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/quen-eng.htm|articlename=Quettaparma Quenyallo|website=Arda}}</ref> Like all the rulers of Númenor who took their royal names in Quenya, ''Calmacil'' added the prefix ''tar-'' ("high") to his name when he received the [[Sceptre of Númenor|Sceptre]].<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, first paragraph and entry I to XXV</ref>
 
''Belzagar'' is an [[Adûnaic]] name. Its meaning is not glossed, but Paul Strack suggests it means "Sword of Light" if his Adûnaic and Quenya names have the same meaning. [[Andreas Möhn]] suggests that the first element ''bel'' might mean "light", but the element ''bel'' elsewhere means "to love". It is possible that the two meanings coexisted or that [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] changed the meaning from "love" to "light". The second element ''zagar'' most likely means "sword".<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-2905278807.html|articlename=Ad. ''Belzagar'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=12 January 2022}}</ref> The meaning of the Adûnaic prefix ''Ar-'' is not glossed, but Paul Strack suggests it means "king" and is a prefixal form of ''ârû'' ("king") or derived from the same root.<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3166554081.html|articlename=Ad. ''Ar-'' pref.|website=Eldamo|accessed=12 January 2022}}</ref>


He was also the first King to have recorded an [[Adûnaic]] equivalent of his name: [[Ar-Belzagar]]. This signalled the rise of a faction known as the [[King's Men]] who were opposed to the [[Ban of the Valar]].
== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | VAN |y| HER |VAN=[[Tar-Vanimeldë]]<br/><small>''{{SA|2277|n}} - {{SA|2637|n}}''</small>|HER=[[Tar-Anducal]]<br/><small>''{{SA|2286|n}} - {{SA|2657|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | ALC | | |ALC=[[Tar-Alcarin]]<br/><small>''{{SA|2406|n}} - {{SA|2737|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | CAL | | |CAL='''TAR-CALMACIL'''<br/><small>''{{SA|2516|n}} - {{SA|2825|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | ARD | | GIM |ARD=[[Tar-Ardamin]]<br/><small>''{{SA|2618|n}} - {{SA|2899|n}}''</small>|GIM=[[Gimilzagar]]<br/><small>''b. {{SA|2630|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ADU | | | | |ADU=[[Ar-Adûnakhôr]]<br/><small>''{{SA|2709|n}} - {{SA|2962|n}}''</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}


There is a discrepancy in [[Tolkien]]'s writings as to Tar-Calmacil's successor: [[Tar-Ardamin]], his son, or [[Ar-Adûnakhôr]], his grandson. Specifically, in Appendix A of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Ar-Adûnakhôr is listed as his successor, but in the more expanded "Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor" from ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', he is succeeded by Tar-Ardamin.
==Other versions of the legendarium==
In Appendix A of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Ar-Adûnakhôr was listed as following Tar-Calmacil<ref>{{App|Numenor}}</ref> while in the more detailed [[The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor]] from the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' the next ruler was [[Tar-Ardamin]]. According to [[Christopher Tolkien]], Tar-Ardamin was simply omitted and did belong in the list.<ref>{{UT|5a}}, Note 11</ref>


{{sequence
{{references}}
|prev=[[Tar-Alcarin]]
{{seq-start}}
|next=[[Tar-Ardamin]]
{{seq-head
|list=18th [[King of Númenor]]<br><code>II</code> 2737 - 2825
| race=numenorean
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| born={{SA|2516}}
| died={{SA|2825}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Tar-Alcarin]]
| list=18th [[King of Númenor]]
| dates={{SA|2737}} - {{SA|2825|n}}
| next=[[Tar-Ardamin]]
}}
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{numenorkings}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:TarCalmacil}}
[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:King's Men]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[Category:Númenóreans]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
 
[[de:Tar-Calmacil]]
[[fi:Tar-Calmacil]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/tar-calmacil]]

Latest revision as of 12:35, 19 March 2022

This article is about the King of Númenor. For the King of Gondor, see Calmacil (King of Gondor).
Tar-Calmacil
Númenórean
Biographical Information
Other namesAr-Belzagar (A)[1]
TitlesKing of Númenor
LocationNúmenor
AffiliationKing's Men
LanguageAdûnaic; used Quenya out of custom
BirthS.A. 2516[1]
RuleS.A. 2737 - 2825 (88 years)[1]
DeathS.A. 2825[1] (aged 309)
Family
HouseHouse of Elros
ParentageTar-Alcarin[2]
ChildrenTar-Ardamin[3], Gimilzagar[4]
Physical Description
GenderMale

Tar-Calmacil was the eighteenth ruler of Númenor.[1]

History[edit | edit source]

Calmacil was the son of Tar-Alcarin. He was a great captain of the soldiers of Númenor and conquered wide lands along the coasts of Middle-earth in his youth. As a consequence, Sauron withdrew from the coasts and built his power in the East far from the coasts.[1]

After the death of his father, he chose the name Tar-Calmacil when he took the Sceptre, because of his conquests in his youth.[1]

During his reign the King's Men called him Ar-Belzagar. This was the first time that the king's name was spoken in Adûnaic.[1]

He was succeeded by his son Tar-Ardamin.[3]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

Calmacil is a Quenya name. Its meaning is not glossed, but as Paul Strack suggests it means "Sword of Light" or "Shining Sword" as a compound of cala ("light") and macil ("sword").[5] Helge Fauskanger suggests that the name means "light-sword".[6] Like all the rulers of Númenor who took their royal names in Quenya, Calmacil added the prefix tar- ("high") to his name when he received the Sceptre.[7]

Belzagar is an Adûnaic name. Its meaning is not glossed, but Paul Strack suggests it means "Sword of Light" if his Adûnaic and Quenya names have the same meaning. Andreas Möhn suggests that the first element bel might mean "light", but the element bel elsewhere means "to love". It is possible that the two meanings coexisted or that J.R.R. Tolkien changed the meaning from "love" to "light". The second element zagar most likely means "sword".[8] The meaning of the Adûnaic prefix Ar- is not glossed, but Paul Strack suggests it means "king" and is a prefixal form of ârû ("king") or derived from the same root.[9]

Genealogy[edit | edit source]

Tar-Vanimeldë
2277 - 2637
 
Tar-Anducal
2286 - 2657
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tar-Alcarin
2406 - 2737
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TAR-CALMACIL
2516 - 2825
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tar-Ardamin
2618 - 2899
 
Gimilzagar
b. 2630
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ar-Adûnakhôr
2709 - 2962
 
 
 
 


Other versions of the legendarium[edit | edit source]

In Appendix A of The Lord of the Rings, Ar-Adûnakhôr was listed as following Tar-Calmacil[10] while in the more detailed The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor from the Unfinished Tales the next ruler was Tar-Ardamin. According to Christopher Tolkien, Tar-Ardamin was simply omitted and did belong in the list.[11]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor", entry XVIII Tar-Calmacil
  2. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor", entry XVII Tar-Alcarin
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor", entry XIX Tar-Ardamin
  4. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor", "Notes", Note 12
  5. ↑ Paul Strack, "Q. Calmacil m.", Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon (accessed 25 December 2021)
  6. ↑ Helge Fauskanger, "Quettaparma Quenyallo", Ardalambion (accessed 23 April 2024)
  7. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor", first paragraph and entry I to XXV
  8. ↑ Paul Strack, "Ad. Belzagar m.", Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon (accessed 12 January 2022)
  9. ↑ Paul Strack, "Ad. Ar- pref.", Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon (accessed 12 January 2022)
  10. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Númenor"
  11. ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Line of Elros: Kings of Númenor", "Notes", Note 11
Tar-Calmacil
House of Elros
Born: S.A. 2516 Died: S.A. 2825
Preceded by:
Tar-Alcarin		18th King of Númenor
S.A. 2737 - 2825		Followed by:
Tar-Ardamin


Kings of Númenor
Elros Tar-Minyatur (S.A. 32 - 442) · Tar-Vardamir* (442) · Tar-Amandil (442 - 590) · Tar-Elendil (590 - 740) · Tar-Meneldur (740 - 883) · Tar-Aldarion (883 - 1075) · Tar-AncalimëQ (1075 - 1280) · Tar-Anárion (1280 - 1394) · Tar-Súrion (1394 - 1556) · Tar-TelperiënQ (1556 - 1731) · Tar-Minastir (1731 - 1869) · Tar-Ciryatan (1869 - 2029) · Tar-Atanamir (2029 - 2221) · Tar-Ancalimon (2221 - 2386) · Tar-Telemmaitë (2386 - 2526) · Tar-VanimeldëQ (2526 - 2637) · Tar-Anducal† (2637 - 2657) · Tar-Alcarin (2657 - 2737) · Tar-Calmacil (2737 - 2825) · Tar-Ardamin (2825 - 2899) · Ar-Adûnakhôr (2899 - 2962) · Ar-Zimrathôn (2962 - 3033) · Ar-Sakalthôr (3033 - 3102) · Ar-Gimilzôr (3102 - 3177) · Tar-Palantir (3177 - 3255) · Ar-Pharazôn‡ (3255 - 3319)
* Immediately abdicated in favour of his son · Q Ruling Queens · † Usurped throne. Later struck off the Line of Kings · ‡ Usurped throne from his cousin Tar-Míriel
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