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[[Image:John Howe - The One Ring.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The One Ring, by John Howe.]]{{quote|But they were all of them decived... For another ring was made... And into this ring [[Sauron|he]] poured his cruelty, his malice, and his will to dominate all life.|[[Galadriel]], [[The Silmarillion]]}}
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{{disambig-more|The One Ring|[[The One Ring (disambiguation)]]}}
{{objects
| image=[[File:John Howe - The One Ring 03.jpg|250px]]
| name=The One Ring
| othernames=Ruling Ring, Master-ring, Great Ring, the One, Ring of Rings, Ring of Power, Ring of Doom, Isildur's Bane, the Burden, Precious
| derivation=
| location=
| ownedby=[[Sauron]], but several bore it: [[Isildur]], [[Gollum]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]]
| maker=[[Sauron]]
| appearance=Plain gold ring with [[Black Speech]] inscription made visible by heat
| references=
|}}


The '''One Ring''', also known as the '''Ruling Ring''' or the '''Great Ring of Power''', is an artifact from [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s fictional [[Middle-earth]] universe. The Andvarinaut in the Volsunga saga is considered to have been the main inspiration. The story of the Quest to destroy the Ring is told in Tolkien's novel ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', as is most of the Ring's history.
{{quote|Now the Elves made many rings; but secretly Sauron made One Ring to rule all the others, and their power was bound up with it, to be subject wholly to it and to last only so long as it too should last.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]"}}
 
The '''One Ring''' was an artifact created by the [[Dark Lord]] [[Sauron]] in the [[Second Age]] for the purpose of ruling over the [[Free peoples]] of [[Middle-earth]], mainly the [[Elves]].
 
It was also known as the '''Ruling Ring''', '''Great Ring of Power''' and '''Isildur's Bane''' because it caused the death of [[Isildur]]. In the [[Ring Verse]] it is refered '''Ash Nazg''' in [[Black Speech]].<ref name=council/>


== History ==
== History ==
The One Ring was created by the Dark Lord [[Sauron]] during the [[Second Age]] in order to enlarge his own might by combining it with the power of the [[Elves|Elven]] Smiths, and thus to give him control over the other [[Rings of Power]], which had been made by [[Celebrimbor]] and his people with Sauron's influence. The One Ring was forged secretly in the fires of [[Mount Doom]]. His will was then inside a ring that could control the other rings. Thus, he was more powerful than ever before when he wore the Ring, but became much weaker when he lost it. Though it appeared to be made of simple gold, the Ring was virtually impervious to damage, and could only be destroyed by throwing it into the pit of the volcanic [[Mount Doom]] in which it had originally been forged. Unlike the lesser Rings, it bore no gem, but its identity could be determined by a simple (though little-known) test: when heated in a fire, it displayed in fiery [[Tengwar]] letters in the [[Black Speech]] of [[Mordor]] a section of poetry from part of its lore - the [[Ring-inscription]].
===Origin and creation===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Forging of the One.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Forging of the One'']]
During the [[Second Age]], the Dark Lord [[Sauron]] persuaded [[Celebrimbor]] and his people, the [[Elves|Elven]] smiths of [[Eregion]], to forge the [[Rings of Power]]. Secretly, Sauron returned to [[Orodruin]] and forged the One Ring in its fires.<ref name=RoP/>


When a person wore the ring, he would be partly "shifted" out of the physical realm into the spiritual realm. There, if he managed to consciously subdue the Ring's will with his own, he could wield all the powers that Sauron had before he lost the ring; notably, he could control and enslave the will of others. A side effect (but usually the first effect noticed) of the Ring was that it made the wearer invisible to physical beings like living [[Men]] but highly visible to spiritual beings like the [[Nazgûl]], dimmed the wearer's sight, and sharpened his hearing. This "shadow world" was the world the Wraiths were forced to live in always, but it was also a world in which the [[Calaquendi]] (Elves of Light) held great power: therefore [[Glorfindel]] was able to stay the [[Witch-king of Angmar|Witch-king]] at the [[Battle of Fornost]] and later again at the ford of [[Bruinen]] at [[Rivendell]].
It was made as the Master Ring, the One Ring which would control all the others, and dominate their bearers. Sauron allowed much of his will and power to go into it. Thus, he was at his most powerful when wearing the Ring; however, it also caused his power to weaken considerably if he was not in possession of it. Although it appeared to be made of simple gold, the Ring was virtually impervious to damage, and could only be destroyed in the very fires where it had originally been forged.<ref name=council>{{FR|Council}}</ref>
[[Image:Roger Thomasson - The One Ring.jpg|thumb|left|''The One Ring'' by [[Roger Thomasson]].]]
The enigmatic [[Tom Bombadil]] was unaffected by the Ring, or rather, the Ring had no effect on him. This may be explained in many ways. (See the [[Tom Bombadil|article on Tom Bombadil]], which includes some theories.)


In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], the wearer of the Ring is always portrayed as moving to a shadowy realm where everything is distorted. Neither [[Bilbo Baggins]] nor [[Frodo Baggins]] ever mentioned anything about this while using the Ring, but when Sam puts on the Ring at the end of ''[[The Two Towers]]'' he does experience something similar to this. This is the only time that this is mentioned in the books and could be attributed to Sauron's power increasing, and because Sam is within the borders of Mordor at the time he uses the Ring. Sam never wore the Ring in Jackson's movie.
===The Dark Years===
When Celebrimbor and the other Ring-bearers realized Sauron's treachery, they took off their Rings and went to war with him. This war, the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] destroyed Eregion and devastated much of Eriador. Sauron conquered and was able to claim all the Rings of Power (except the [[Three Rings|Three]]) and distribute them.<ref name=RoP/> During the era known as the [[Dark Years]], Sauron became master of almost all of Middle-earth beyond the coasts and was known as the [[Dark Lord]] of [[Mordor]]. He raised [[Barad-dûr]] near [[Mount Doom]], constructed the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor to prevent invasion, and raised massive armies of [[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], and Men, chiefly [[Easterlings]] and [[Haradrim|Southrons]].


Part of the nature of the Ring is that it slowly but inevitably corrupted its wearer, regardless of any intentions to the contrary. Whether this was specifically designed into the Ring's magic or is simply an artifact of its evil origins is unknown. (Sauron might be expected to endow his One Ring with such a property, but he probably never intended anyone besides himself to wear it.) For this reason the Wise, including [[Gandalf]], [[Elrond]] and [[Galadriel]], refuse to wield it in their own defence, but instead determine that it must be destroyed. It appears that hobbits, being more pure of heart than Men, and far less powerful than Elves are the ideal vessels to resist its seductive power, this explains why Frodo and Bilbo bore it for long periods of time with very little ill effect, although Gollum, who bore it for over 500 years was warped out of recognition.
The power of the Ring allowed Sauron to link with it some of his works, such as [[Barad-dûr]].<ref name=council/> With the Ring he controlled the [[Nine Rings]] that were given to nine mortal Men, who were corrupted and turned into the [[Nazgûl]], his chief servants. However, he was unable to control the [[Seven Rings]] of the [[Dwarves|Dwarf-lords]], because of their different and more hearty nature.<ref name=RoP>{{S|Rings}}</ref>


After its original forging, the Ring was cut from Sauron's hand by [[Isildur]], who lost it in the River [[Gladden]] just before he was killed in [[Third Age 2]]. The Ring remained hidden in the river bed for almost two millennia, until it was discovered on a fishing trip by a [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[Hobbit]] named [[Déagol]]. He was murdered by his cousin [[Sméagol]], who stole the Ring, and was changed by the Ring's influence over many ages into the creature known as [[Gollum]]. The Ring, which Sauron had endowed with a will of its own, manipulated Gollum into settling in the [[Misty Mountains]] near [[Mirkwood]], where Sauron was beginning to resurface. There he and it remained for nearly five hundred years, until the Ring tired of him and fell off his finger as he was returning from killing an [[Orcs|Orc]].
Sauron's rise offended the arrogant [[Númenóreans]], who attacked him with great force of arms. The forces of Sauron fled the onslaught, and Sauron realized that he could not overcome the Númenòreans with by military might. Sauron allowed himself to be taken as a hostage to Númenor by King [[Ar-Pharazôn]]. There, he quickly grew from captive to advisor and was known as '''Tar-Mairon'''; he corrupted many Númenóreans using the power of the Ring<ref>{{L|211}}</ref> and eventually convinced the king to rebel against the [[Valar]], resulting in the [[Downfall of Númenor]]Sauron was diminished in the destruction and his spirit (presumably with the Ring) fled back to Mordor, where he slowly rebuilt his strength.


As is told in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Bilbo found the Ring while he was lost in the caverns of the Misty Mountains, near Gollum's lair. (When ''The Hobbit'' was written Tolkien had not yet conceived of the Ring's sinister back-story.) After losing the [[Riddle-game]] to Bilbo, Gollum went to get his "[[Precious]]" (as he always called it) so he could kill and eat him, but flew into a rage when he found it missing. Deducing that Bilbo had it from his last riddle&mdash;"What have I got in my pocket?"&mdash;Gollum chased him through the caves, not knowing that the Hobbit had discovered the Ring's powers of invisibility and was following him to the cave's exit. Bilbo escaped Gollum and the Orcs who inhabited the Misty Mountains by remaining invisible, but left that power out of the story he told the [[Dwarves]] he was traveling with. Gandalf, who was also traveling with the Dwarves, later forced the real story out of Bilbo, and was immediately suspicious of the Ring's powers.  
When the [[Faithful]] Númenóreans founded the [[Realms in Exile]], Sauron began an offense against [[Gondor]]; the Elves and the Númenóreans  formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] against Sauron, who was vanquished by [[Elendil]] and [[Gil-galad]]. Prince [[Isildur]] then cut the ring from his fingers and took it for himself.


Gollum, meanwhile, eventually left the Misty Mountains to track down and reclaim the Ring. He wandered for decades, to be captured and interrogated by Sauron himself, to whom he revealed the existance of Bilbo and the Shire.   
===After Sauron===
Isildur was corrupted by a great desire for the Ring, and he took it for his own, instead of destroying it as should have been done. Though he bought it "with great pain", Isildur considered the Ring a most precious heirloom of his house, and documented its properties upon the [[Scroll of Isildur|a scroll he wrote]] in [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name=council/> He kept it around his neck as he traveled back to [[Arnor]]; but his party was attacked by a group of [[Orcs]] during the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]. Isildur jumped into the [[Gladden River]] to escape, but the Ring betrayed him and slipped off his finger, and was lost in the River [[Gladden River]]. Isildur was revealed to the Orcs, and he was shot.
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Sméagol2.jpg|thumb|left|Sméagol]]
The Ring remained hidden in the riverbed for over two millennia, despite [[Saruman]] and his many attempts to locate the ring, including sending orcs to comb the Anduin. Until it was discovered on a fishing trip by a [[Stoors|Stoor]] named [[Déagol]]. Once again, the Ring's evil powers acted upon Déagol's friend and relative, [[Sméagol]], who murdered Déagol and took the Ring for himself. Over many ages, Sméagol was changed by the Ring's influence into the creature called [[Gollum]] (which is what he called himself, as it was similar to a sound he made). The Ring manipulated Gollum into settling in the [[Misty Mountains]] near [[Mirkwood]], where Sauron was beginning to resurface. There he and the Ring remained for nearly five hundred years, until the Ring tired of him. Then, wishing to be discovered by a new keeper, and so thus find its way back to its Master, it fell off Gollum's finger as he was returning from hunting a [[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|Goblin]].
[[File:David T. Wenzel - Bilbo finds the One Ring.jpg|thumb|[[David T. Wenzel]] - Bilbo finds the One Ring]]
[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Riddle Game.jpg|left|thumb|Darrell Sweet - ''The Riddle-game'']]
The Ring was discovered in the Third Age by a hobbit, [[Bilbo Baggins]], who had been separated from his party of Dwarves and become lost in the caverns of the Misty Mountains, near Gollum's lair. After losing the [[Riddle-game]] to Bilbo, Gollum sneaked off to fetch his "[[Precious]]" (as he always called the One Ring), so that he could kill Bilbo and eat him. But when Gollum arrived at his island, he found that the Ring was missing, and he let out a great wail. Deducing from Bilbo's last question--"What have I got in my pocket?"--that Bilbo had taken it, Gollum chased the hobbit through the caves, not knowing that Bilbo had discovered the Ring's powers of invisibility and was following him to the cave's exit. Bilbo escaped Gollum and the Orcs who inhabited the Misty Mountains by remaining invisible (although he lost a few of his nice brass buttons.) When he told the story to the [[Dwarves]] and Gandalf, however, he left the Ring out of the story. But Bilbo was aware that Gandalf suspected the presence of his magic Ring. Later on Bilbo was forced to tell the Dwarves about the Ring, to preserve their lives and continue their journey to Erebor.
 
Gollum, meanwhile, eventually left the Misty Mountains to track down and reclaim the Ring. He wandered for decades, only to be captured and interrogated by Sauron himself, to whom he revealed the existence of Bilbo and the Shire.   
[[File:Paul Rivoche - Frodo and Gandalf.jpg|thumb|Paul Rivoche - ''Frodo and Gandalf'']]
In {{TA|3001}}, following Gandalf's counsel, Bilbo gave the Ring to his nephew and adopted heir [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. This first willing sacrifice of the Ring in its history sparked the chain of events which eventually led to its unmaking. Gandalf was suspicious about the effect it had on Bilbo and went to [[Minas Tirith]] and found Isildur's account on the Ring, being lost since his death. He returned to [[Hobbiton]] and tested Frodo's Ring in fire, only to confirm his fears since the letters described by Isildur appeared upon it.


In 3001 of the [[Third Age]], following Gandalf's counsel, Bilbo gave the Ring to his nephew and adopted heir [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. This first willing sacrifice of the Ring in its history sparks the chain of events which eventually lead to its unmaking. It is one example of the frequent interplay between apparent chance and destiny, an ubiquitous theme in ''The Lord of the Rings''.  
By this time Sauron had begun to regain his power, and the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] in Mordor had been rebuilt. The [[War of the Ring]] had begun. Gandalf urged Frodo to carry the Ring to [[Rivendell]] where the Wise would decide their actions. Despite Gandalf's warnings, Frodo did wear the Ring several times during his journey. On [[Weathertop]] he was tempted by the Ring to wear it and evade the Ringwraiths, only to make him more visible to them and to be wounded by a [[Morgul-knife]].


By this time Sauron had begun to regain his power, and the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] in Mordor had been rebuilt. In order to prevent the recapture of the Ring, Frodo and eight other [[Fellowship of the Ring|companions]] set out from [[Rivendell]] for Mordor in an attempt to destroy the Ring in the fires of [[Mount Doom]]. During the quest, Frodo gradually became more and more susceptible to the Ring's power, and feared that it was going to corrupt him. When he and Sam discovered that Gollum was on their trail and "tamed" him into guiding them to Mordor, he began to feel a strange bond with the wretched, treacherous creature, seeing a possible future of himself that he felt he had to save in order to save himself. Gollum gave in to the Ring's temptation, however, and betrayed them to the spider [[Shelob]]. Believing Frodo to be dead, Sam bore the Ring himself for a short time, and glimpsed its power, although he never gave in to it.  
In order to prevent the recapture of the Ring, Frodo and eight other [[Fellowship of the Ring|companions]] set out from [[Rivendell]] for Mordor in an attempt to destroy the Ring in the fires of [[Mount Doom]]. During the quest, Frodo gradually became more and more susceptible to the Ring's power, and feared that it was going to corrupt him. When he and Sam discovered that Gollum was on their trail and "tamed" him into guiding them to Mordor, he began to feel a strange bond with the wretched, treacherous creature, seeing a possible future of himself that he felt he had to save in order to save himself. Gollum gave in to the Ring's temptation, however, and betrayed them to the spider [[Shelob]] who stung Frodo. Believing Frodo to be dead, Sam bore the Ring himself for a short time, and glimpsed its power, although he never gave in to it.  


Sam rescued Frodo from a band of Orcs at the Tower of [[Cirith Ungol]] and returned the Ring to him, but feared that the toll it was taking was too great. It nearly was: although Frodo and Sam, followed by Gollum, eventually arrived at Mount Doom, Frodo decided
Sam rescued Frodo from a band of Orcs at the Tower of [[Cirith Ungol]] and returned the Ring to him, but feared that the toll it was taking was too great. It nearly was: although Frodo and Sam, followed by Gollum, eventually arrived at Mount Doom, Frodo decided to keep the Ring for himself rather than destroy it, evincing its corruptive nature. However, he was attacked by Gollum, who bit off the finger holding the Ring before falling into the fires of Mount Doom, finally destroying the Ring, and Sauron with it.
to keep the Ring for himself rather than destroy it, evincing its corruptive nature. However, he was attacked by Gollum, who bit off the finger holding the Ring before falling into the fires of Mount Doom, finally destroying the Ring, and Sauron with it.


== Appearance ==
== Appearance ==
 
Physically the Ring resembled a geometrically perfect circle of pure gold, this perfection and purity being part of its allure. Unlike the lesser Rings, it bore no gem. It seems to have been able to expand and contract, in order to fit its wearer's finger or slip from it treacherously. Its identity could be determined by a simple (though little-known) test: when heated in fire, fine lines of fire, forming a script, would appear running along on the inside and outside of the Ring.<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref> The letters were an [[Ring Verse|inscription]] in [[Tengwar]] of the [[Black Speech]] of Mordor, citing a section of poetry from part of its lore:
Physically the Ring resembled a geometrically perfect circle of pure gold, this perfection and purity being part of its allure. It seems to have been able to expand and contract, in order to fit its wearer's finger or slip from it treacherously. In [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]], the Ring can be seen contracting to fit [[Isildur]]'s finger. When heated in fire, the Ring would bear the following inscription in Elvish ([[Fëanor]]ian) [[Tengwar]] letters in the Black Speech of Mordor:
[[Image:One ring.png|right|300px]]


:''Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul,''
:''Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul,''
:''ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.''
:''ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.''


These are the first two lines from the end of a verse about the [[Rings of Power]] (see entry):
Which translates to:


:''One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,''
:''One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,''
:''One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.''
:''One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.''


== Symbolism of the One Ring ==
==Effects==
[[Image:Roger Thomasson - The One Ring.jpg|thumb|left|''The One Ring'' by [[Roger Thomasson]].]]Being endowed with Sauron's will, the Ring was entirely evil, and even when separated from him, it had a will of its own, ultimately serving its master. When a person wore the Ring, he would be partly "shifted" out of the physical realm into the [[Wraith-world]]. There, if he managed to consciously subdue the Ring's will with his own, he could theoretically wield a large portion of the powers that Sauron had before he lost the Ring; notably, he could control the will of others. A side effect (but usually the first noticed) of the Ring was that it made the wearer invisible to physical beings like living [[Men]] (but highly visible to spiritual beings like the [[Nazgûl]]), it dimmed the wearer's sight, and it sharpened his hearing. When mortals wore the ring, only their faint and shaky shadow could be seen, and only in the full light of the sun.<ref>{{H|5}}</ref> This "shadow world" was the world which Wraiths inhabited, but also where the [[Calaquendi]] (Elves of Light) lived at the same time as the normal world and held great power: as was evidenced by [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] viewing [[Glorfindel]] at the Ford of [[Bruinen]] near [[Rivendell]]<ref>{{FR|Flight}}</ref> and later explained by [[Gandalf]]<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>.
 
Part of the nature of the Ring was that it slowly and inevitably corrupted its wearer, regardless of any intentions to the contrary. Whether this was specifically designed into the Ring's magic or was simply an artifact of its evil origins is unknown. (Sauron might be expected to endow his One Ring with such a property, but he probably never intended anyone besides himself to wear it. It may be a side-effect of the portion of Sauron's will that lies within the Ring, influencing the wearer.) For this reason, the Wise, including [[Gandalf]], [[Elrond]] and [[Galadriel]], refused to wield it in their own defence, but instead determined that it must be destroyed. It appears that Hobbits, being more pure of heart than Men and far less powerful than Elves, were the ideal vessels to resist its seductive power; this explains why Frodo and Bilbo bore it for long periods of time with very little ill effect. Even Gollum had not turned into a Wraith after 500 years of bearing the Ring.


Although Tolkien always strongly held that his works should not be seen as a metaphor for anything, and especially not for the political events of his time (for instance WWII or the Cold War; note that much of ''The Lord of the Rings'' was written prior to and during World War II and well before the Cold War), many people have felt an urge to see the One Ring as a symbol or metaphor for various things. Among them are atomic energy and the atomic bomb, which would both be anachronistic, as the Ring was invented in the late 1930s, and the atom bomb did not become public knowledge until 1945. Other possible interpretations are that the ring represents the urge for power, which in Tolkien's view is always corrupting.  
The enigmatic [[Tom Bombadil]] was unaffected by the Ring, or rather, the Ring had no effect on him. This may be explained in many ways. (See the [[Tom Bombadil/Nature|article on Tom Bombadil]], which includes some theories.)


A recent interpretation by Danish author [[Peter Kjaerulff]] is that the Ring symbolises ''The Cursed Ring'', a device described by both Plato in his ''Republic'' (the Ring of Gyges), and in Richard Wagner's ''Ring'' operas, besides Tolkien. Although Tolkien denied any connection, it is certainly possible that the One Ring was inspired by the central artifact of Wagner's ''Der Ring des Nibelungen'' (''The Ring of the Nibelung''), without being meant to "symbolise" it. See also andvarinaut.
==Inspiration==
The One Ring may have been inspired by the [[Wikipedia:Ring of Silvianus|Ring of Silvianus]] and its inscribed curse. The hypothesis is based on Tolkien gaining knowledge about the Ring of Silvianus through the archaeologist [[Wikipedia:Mortimer Wheeler|Mortimer Wheeler]], for whom Tolkien wrote the text "[[The Name 'Nodens']]".<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/showthread.php?55657-A-Ring-with-a-Curse&p=563861#post563861|articlename=A Ring with a Curse|dated=|website=Plaza|accessed=10 April 2013}}</ref> However, Tolkien scholars [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] have pointed out that there is no "evidence, or good reason to believe, that Tolkien was inspired by the Roman ring".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]]|articleurl=http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/mythsoc/conversations/topics/24198|articlename=Re:Tolkien and Nodens in the news this morning (message 24198)|dated=9 April 2013|website=Mythsoc|accessed=23 November 2013}}</ref>
==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In order to counter the notion that ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' was inspired from [[wikipedia:World War II|World War II]], Tolkien himself provided a "what if" scenario in the Foreword to ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' that shows what would happen should the Ring be used against [[Sauron]]. Tolkien explained that if he had WWII in mind, then the [[Free peoples]] would enslave Sauron with the power of the Ring against him, and occupy [[Mordor]]. [[Saruman]] (whose treachery would remain secret) would then use the Ring-lore found in Mordor to create a Great Ring of his own with which to challenge the self-styled Ruler of [[Middle-earth]].<ref>{{FR|Foreword}}</ref>


The quest to destroy the One Ring is unusual in both folklore and literary epics. Quests to regain a treasure are common in folklore and literature. Tolkien described such a quest in ''The Hobbit'' to recover the treasure stolen from the [[Dwarves]] by the dragon [[Smaug]].  Quests to destroy a treasure are seldom the theme of folklore or literature. 
==Portrayal in adaptations==
<center><gallery>
Image:LOTR-vol2-ring1.png|The One Ring in ''[[The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers]]''
Image:Frodo One Ring viv lotr.JPG|The One Ring in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
Image:The Hobbit (2003) One Ring.JPG|The One Ring in [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]
Image:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - One Ring3.jpg|The One Ring in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
Image:Lego One Ring.png|The One Ring as a ''[[Lego]] mini figure''
</gallery></center>


A different way to look at this question is to ask what gives the idea of the Ring its power as a story element, without considering whether it was intended as a symbol for any one thing.  The notion of a power too great for humans to wield safely is an evocative one, and already in the 1930s there were plenty of technologies available to make people think of that idea. The lure and effect of the Ring and its physical and spiritual after-effects on Bilbo and Frodo are obsessions that can be compared with drug addiction, for which the Ring serves as a powerful metaphor.
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:The One Ring is shown in the introduction of the game. In [[the Prancing Pony]] [[Aragorn]] refers to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and the Ring as a "Hobbit with an important burden".<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref>


== List of times the One ring worn in Lord of the Rings ==
==See also==
* [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
* [[Annatar]]
* [[Orodruin]]
* [[Celebrimbor]]
* [[Rings of Power]]
* [[War of the Elves and Sauron]]
* [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]
* [[Gollum]]
* ''[[The Hobbit]]''
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''


The One Ring was tried on by several people, at different points in the book:
{{references}}


*Merry tells the story of Bilbo using the ring to escape being seen by the Sackville-Bagginses (not shown in the movie)
{{rings}}
*By Bilbo after his speech at his 111th birthday party.
*Tom Bombadil puts on the ring but it has no effect on him. (not shown in the movie)
*Frodo tries on the ring shortly after this to see if it still works, yet Tom Bombadil can still see him. (not shown in the movie)
*Frodo accidentally puts the ring on at Bree, tripping after he was singing a song at the Inn
*Frodo puts on the ring at Weathertop, when they are attacked by the Nazgul.
*Frodo uses the ring to escape Boromir, at the Emyn Muil mountains.
*He uses it a second time shortly afterwards to take one of the boats and row across the river. Yet this is still noticed by Sam.
*Sam puts the ring on to stay hidden from an orc company at Cirith Ungol.
*Frodo puts on the ring at the crack of doom, when it is bitten off his finger by Gollum


{{DEFAULTSORT:One Ring, The}}
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Rings and Jewels]]
[[Category:Rings and Jewels]]
[[de:Der Eine Ring]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/anneau_unique]]
[[fi:Sormusten Sormus]]

Revision as of 03:39, 29 October 2016

"I shan't call it the end, till we've cleared up the mess." — Sam
This article or section needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of article quality.
The name The One Ring refers to more than one character, item or concept. For a list of other meanings, see The One Ring (disambiguation).
The One Ring
John Howe - The One Ring 03.jpg
Other namesRuling Ring, Master-ring, Great Ring, the One, Ring of Rings, Ring of Power, Ring of Doom, Isildur's Bane, the Burden, Precious
AppearancePlain gold ring with Black Speech inscription made visible by heat
"Now the Elves made many rings; but secretly Sauron made One Ring to rule all the others, and their power was bound up with it, to be subject wholly to it and to last only so long as it too should last."
The Silmarillion, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"

The One Ring was an artifact created by the Dark Lord Sauron in the Second Age for the purpose of ruling over the Free peoples of Middle-earth, mainly the Elves.

It was also known as the Ruling Ring, Great Ring of Power and Isildur's Bane because it caused the death of Isildur. In the Ring Verse it is refered Ash Nazg in Black Speech.[1]

History

Origin and creation

Ted Nasmith - The Forging of the One

During the Second Age, the Dark Lord Sauron persuaded Celebrimbor and his people, the Elven smiths of Eregion, to forge the Rings of Power. Secretly, Sauron returned to Orodruin and forged the One Ring in its fires.[2]

It was made as the Master Ring, the One Ring which would control all the others, and dominate their bearers. Sauron allowed much of his will and power to go into it. Thus, he was at his most powerful when wearing the Ring; however, it also caused his power to weaken considerably if he was not in possession of it. Although it appeared to be made of simple gold, the Ring was virtually impervious to damage, and could only be destroyed in the very fires where it had originally been forged.[1]

The Dark Years

When Celebrimbor and the other Ring-bearers realized Sauron's treachery, they took off their Rings and went to war with him. This war, the War of the Elves and Sauron destroyed Eregion and devastated much of Eriador. Sauron conquered and was able to claim all the Rings of Power (except the Three) and distribute them.[2] During the era known as the Dark Years, Sauron became master of almost all of Middle-earth beyond the coasts and was known as the Dark Lord of Mordor. He raised Barad-dûr near Mount Doom, constructed the Black Gate of Mordor to prevent invasion, and raised massive armies of Orcs, Trolls, and Men, chiefly Easterlings and Southrons.

The power of the Ring allowed Sauron to link with it some of his works, such as Barad-dûr.[1] With the Ring he controlled the Nine Rings that were given to nine mortal Men, who were corrupted and turned into the Nazgûl, his chief servants. However, he was unable to control the Seven Rings of the Dwarf-lords, because of their different and more hearty nature.[2]

Sauron's rise offended the arrogant Númenóreans, who attacked him with great force of arms. The forces of Sauron fled the onslaught, and Sauron realized that he could not overcome the Númenòreans with by military might. Sauron allowed himself to be taken as a hostage to Númenor by King Ar-Pharazôn. There, he quickly grew from captive to advisor and was known as Tar-Mairon; he corrupted many Númenóreans using the power of the Ring[3] and eventually convinced the king to rebel against the Valar, resulting in the Downfall of Númenor. Sauron was diminished in the destruction and his spirit (presumably with the Ring) fled back to Mordor, where he slowly rebuilt his strength.

When the Faithful Númenóreans founded the Realms in Exile, Sauron began an offense against Gondor; the Elves and the Númenóreans formed the Last Alliance against Sauron, who was vanquished by Elendil and Gil-galad. Prince Isildur then cut the ring from his fingers and took it for himself.

After Sauron

Isildur was corrupted by a great desire for the Ring, and he took it for his own, instead of destroying it as should have been done. Though he bought it "with great pain", Isildur considered the Ring a most precious heirloom of his house, and documented its properties upon the a scroll he wrote in Minas Tirith.[1] He kept it around his neck as he traveled back to Arnor; but his party was attacked by a group of Orcs during the Disaster of the Gladden Fields. Isildur jumped into the Gladden River to escape, but the Ring betrayed him and slipped off his finger, and was lost in the River Gladden River. Isildur was revealed to the Orcs, and he was shot.

Sméagol

The Ring remained hidden in the riverbed for over two millennia, despite Saruman and his many attempts to locate the ring, including sending orcs to comb the Anduin. Until it was discovered on a fishing trip by a Stoor named Déagol. Once again, the Ring's evil powers acted upon Déagol's friend and relative, Sméagol, who murdered Déagol and took the Ring for himself. Over many ages, Sméagol was changed by the Ring's influence into the creature called Gollum (which is what he called himself, as it was similar to a sound he made). The Ring manipulated Gollum into settling in the Misty Mountains near Mirkwood, where Sauron was beginning to resurface. There he and the Ring remained for nearly five hundred years, until the Ring tired of him. Then, wishing to be discovered by a new keeper, and so thus find its way back to its Master, it fell off Gollum's finger as he was returning from hunting a Goblin.

David T. Wenzel - Bilbo finds the One Ring
Darrell Sweet - The Riddle-game

The Ring was discovered in the Third Age by a hobbit, Bilbo Baggins, who had been separated from his party of Dwarves and become lost in the caverns of the Misty Mountains, near Gollum's lair. After losing the Riddle-game to Bilbo, Gollum sneaked off to fetch his "Precious" (as he always called the One Ring), so that he could kill Bilbo and eat him. But when Gollum arrived at his island, he found that the Ring was missing, and he let out a great wail. Deducing from Bilbo's last question--"What have I got in my pocket?"--that Bilbo had taken it, Gollum chased the hobbit through the caves, not knowing that Bilbo had discovered the Ring's powers of invisibility and was following him to the cave's exit. Bilbo escaped Gollum and the Orcs who inhabited the Misty Mountains by remaining invisible (although he lost a few of his nice brass buttons.) When he told the story to the Dwarves and Gandalf, however, he left the Ring out of the story. But Bilbo was aware that Gandalf suspected the presence of his magic Ring. Later on Bilbo was forced to tell the Dwarves about the Ring, to preserve their lives and continue their journey to Erebor.

Gollum, meanwhile, eventually left the Misty Mountains to track down and reclaim the Ring. He wandered for decades, only to be captured and interrogated by Sauron himself, to whom he revealed the existence of Bilbo and the Shire.

Paul Rivoche - Frodo and Gandalf

In T.A. 3001, following Gandalf's counsel, Bilbo gave the Ring to his nephew and adopted heir Frodo. This first willing sacrifice of the Ring in its history sparked the chain of events which eventually led to its unmaking. Gandalf was suspicious about the effect it had on Bilbo and went to Minas Tirith and found Isildur's account on the Ring, being lost since his death. He returned to Hobbiton and tested Frodo's Ring in fire, only to confirm his fears since the letters described by Isildur appeared upon it.

By this time Sauron had begun to regain his power, and the Dark Tower in Mordor had been rebuilt. The War of the Ring had begun. Gandalf urged Frodo to carry the Ring to Rivendell where the Wise would decide their actions. Despite Gandalf's warnings, Frodo did wear the Ring several times during his journey. On Weathertop he was tempted by the Ring to wear it and evade the Ringwraiths, only to make him more visible to them and to be wounded by a Morgul-knife.

In order to prevent the recapture of the Ring, Frodo and eight other companions set out from Rivendell for Mordor in an attempt to destroy the Ring in the fires of Mount Doom. During the quest, Frodo gradually became more and more susceptible to the Ring's power, and feared that it was going to corrupt him. When he and Sam discovered that Gollum was on their trail and "tamed" him into guiding them to Mordor, he began to feel a strange bond with the wretched, treacherous creature, seeing a possible future of himself that he felt he had to save in order to save himself. Gollum gave in to the Ring's temptation, however, and betrayed them to the spider Shelob who stung Frodo. Believing Frodo to be dead, Sam bore the Ring himself for a short time, and glimpsed its power, although he never gave in to it.

Sam rescued Frodo from a band of Orcs at the Tower of Cirith Ungol and returned the Ring to him, but feared that the toll it was taking was too great. It nearly was: although Frodo and Sam, followed by Gollum, eventually arrived at Mount Doom, Frodo decided to keep the Ring for himself rather than destroy it, evincing its corruptive nature. However, he was attacked by Gollum, who bit off the finger holding the Ring before falling into the fires of Mount Doom, finally destroying the Ring, and Sauron with it.

Appearance

Physically the Ring resembled a geometrically perfect circle of pure gold, this perfection and purity being part of its allure. Unlike the lesser Rings, it bore no gem. It seems to have been able to expand and contract, in order to fit its wearer's finger or slip from it treacherously. Its identity could be determined by a simple (though little-known) test: when heated in fire, fine lines of fire, forming a script, would appear running along on the inside and outside of the Ring.[4] The letters were an inscription in Tengwar of the Black Speech of Mordor, citing a section of poetry from part of its lore:

Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul,
ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.

Which translates to:

One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,
One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.

Effects

The One Ring by Roger Thomasson.

Being endowed with Sauron's will, the Ring was entirely evil, and even when separated from him, it had a will of its own, ultimately serving its master. When a person wore the Ring, he would be partly "shifted" out of the physical realm into the Wraith-world. There, if he managed to consciously subdue the Ring's will with his own, he could theoretically wield a large portion of the powers that Sauron had before he lost the Ring; notably, he could control the will of others. A side effect (but usually the first noticed) of the Ring was that it made the wearer invisible to physical beings like living Men (but highly visible to spiritual beings like the Nazgûl), it dimmed the wearer's sight, and it sharpened his hearing. When mortals wore the ring, only their faint and shaky shadow could be seen, and only in the full light of the sun.[5] This "shadow world" was the world which Wraiths inhabited, but also where the Calaquendi (Elves of Light) lived at the same time as the normal world and held great power: as was evidenced by Frodo viewing Glorfindel at the Ford of Bruinen near Rivendell[6] and later explained by Gandalf[7].

Part of the nature of the Ring was that it slowly and inevitably corrupted its wearer, regardless of any intentions to the contrary. Whether this was specifically designed into the Ring's magic or was simply an artifact of its evil origins is unknown. (Sauron might be expected to endow his One Ring with such a property, but he probably never intended anyone besides himself to wear it. It may be a side-effect of the portion of Sauron's will that lies within the Ring, influencing the wearer.) For this reason, the Wise, including Gandalf, Elrond and Galadriel, refused to wield it in their own defence, but instead determined that it must be destroyed. It appears that Hobbits, being more pure of heart than Men and far less powerful than Elves, were the ideal vessels to resist its seductive power; this explains why Frodo and Bilbo bore it for long periods of time with very little ill effect. Even Gollum had not turned into a Wraith after 500 years of bearing the Ring.

The enigmatic Tom Bombadil was unaffected by the Ring, or rather, the Ring had no effect on him. This may be explained in many ways. (See the article on Tom Bombadil, which includes some theories.)

Inspiration

The One Ring may have been inspired by the Ring of Silvianus and its inscribed curse. The hypothesis is based on Tolkien gaining knowledge about the Ring of Silvianus through the archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler, for whom Tolkien wrote the text "The Name 'Nodens'".[8] However, Tolkien scholars Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull have pointed out that there is no "evidence, or good reason to believe, that Tolkien was inspired by the Roman ring".[9]

Other versions of the Legendarium

In order to counter the notion that The Lord of the Rings was inspired from World War II, Tolkien himself provided a "what if" scenario in the Foreword to The Fellowship of the Ring that shows what would happen should the Ring be used against Sauron. Tolkien explained that if he had WWII in mind, then the Free peoples would enslave Sauron with the power of the Ring against him, and occupy Mordor. Saruman (whose treachery would remain secret) would then use the Ring-lore found in Mordor to create a Great Ring of his own with which to challenge the self-styled Ruler of Middle-earth.[10]

Portrayal in adaptations

2011: The Lord of the Rings: War in the North:

The One Ring is shown in the introduction of the game. In the Prancing Pony Aragorn refers to Frodo and the Ring as a "Hobbit with an important burden".[11]

See also

References


Rings of Power
The One Ring | Three Rings (Narya · Nenya · Vilya) | Seven Rings (Ring of Thrór) | Nine Rings