Tolkien Family: Difference between revisions
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The '''Tolkien Family''' is a family of Saxon descent, arriving in England six generations before [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. | The '''Tolkien Family''' is a family of Saxon descent, arriving in England six generations before [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. | ||
==Etymology== | |||
The name “Tolkien” (pron.: Tol-keen; equal stress on both syllables) is believed to be of German origin; Toll-kühn: foolishly brave, or stupidly clever; a cognate in [[Modern English]] would be "dull-keen".<ref>{{L|324}}</ref> | |||
Tolkien tranlated his name in [[Gothic]] as ''Ruginwaldus '''Dwalakōneis'''''<ref>{{L|272}}</ref> and in [[Old English]] as ''Rægnold '''Hrædmóding'''''<ref>[[For W.H.A.]]</ref> (''[https://bosworthtoller.com/53089 hræd-mód]'' "hasty, quick tempered"). One time he signed [[Knocking at the Door|a poem]] under the pseudonym '''Oxymore''' (''[[wiktionary:oxymoron|oxymoron]]'' being greek for "sharp-dull", "keen-stupid"). He also created the character [[Professor Rashbold|Professor '''Rashbold''']], loosely translating the meaning of his surname.<ref>{{SD|2a}}</ref><ref>{{L|165}}</ref> He possibly translated it in [[Quenya]] as '''[[Arcastar]]'''. | |||
Research conducted by [[Ryszard Derdziński]] suggests another etymology of the Tolkien family name, deriving it from [[Wikipedia:Baltic languages|Baltic]] ''Tolk-īn'', "a descendant of Tolk", ''tolk'' being a Baltic term for "translator, interpreter".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Ryszard Derdziński]]|articleurl=http://tolkniety.blogspot.com/2017/11/elvish-with-balto-slavic-sound.html|articlename=Elvish with Balto-Slavic sound and the matter of ''Laūmas'' 'Elves'|dated=19 November 2017|website=[http://tolkniety.blogspot.com/ tolkniety.blogspot.com]|accessed=22 November 2017}}</ref> Tolkien himself had always been dismissive of this connection.<ref>{{L|349}}</ref> | |||
==Origins== | |||
Research conducted by [[Ryszard Derdziński]] shows that the Tolkien family actually had its roots in [[Wikipedia:Gdańsk|Gdańsk]] (German form ''Danzig'') in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and earlier in [[Wikipedia:Slavskoye, Russia|Kreuzburg, East Prussia]], but had been living in England since 1770.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Ryszard Derdziński]]|articleurl=http://tolkniety.blogspot.com/2017/11/the-tolkien-paternal-line-of-jrr-tolkien.html|articlename=Paternal line of J.R.R. Tolkien|dated=7 November 2017|website=[http://tolkniety.blogspot.com/ tolkniety.blogspot.com]|accessed=22 November 2017}}</ref> The Tolkien name is attested there since the 16th century. | |||
The verified paternal line of J. R. R. Tolkien starts with '''Michel Tolkien''', who was born around 1620 in Kreuzburg. Michel's son '''Christianus Tolkien''' (1663-1746) was a wealthy miller in Kreuzburg. His son '''Christian Tolkien''' (1706-1791) moved from Kreuzburg to nearby [[wikipedia:Gdańsk|Danzig]], and his two sons Daniel Gottlieb Tolkien (1747-1813) and '''[[John Benjamin Tolkien (George's father)|Johann (later known as John) Benjamin Tolkien]]''' (1752-1819) emigrated to London in the 1770s, and became the ancestors of the English family. The family first appears in English records in 1777. In 1792 John Benjamin Tolkien and William Gravell took over the Erdley Norton manufacture in London, which from then on sold clocks and watches under the name ''Gravell & Tolkien''. Daniel Gottlieb obtained British citizenship in 1794, but John Benjamin apparently never became a British citizen. Their German nephew Daniel Gottlieb Bergmann also joined them in London. Johann (John) Benjamin Tolkien, who died in London in 1819, had a son named '''[[George Tolkien]]''', who was the grandfather of '''[[Arthur Tolkien]]''', J. R. R. Tolkien's own father. | |||
==Genealogy== | ==Genealogy== | ||
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|^| | {{familytree|boxstyle=background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MAJ | | MAR | | | | | | | EDI |y| JOH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HIL |y| MAG | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |MAJ=Marjorie Incledon<br/><small>''1891-1973''</small>|MAR=Mary Incledon<br/><small>''1895-1940''</small>|EDI=[[Edith Tolkien|Edith Bratt]]<br/><small>''1889-1971''</small>|JOH='''[[J.R.R. Tolkien|John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]]'''<br/><small>''1892-1973''</small>|HIL=[[Hilary Tolkien|Hilary Arthur Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1894-1976''</small>|MAG=Magdalen Matthews}}{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}} | ||
{{familytree|boxstyle=background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WAL |y| EDI | | JAN | | WIL |~| BEA | | MAB |y| ART | | FLO |~| TOH | | GRA |~| WIM | | MAT |~| TOM | | WIT | | LAU | |WAL=Walter Incledon|EDI=Edith Mary Suffield<br/><small>''1865-1936''</small>|JAN=Jane Suffield<br/><small>''1872-1963''</small>|WIL=William Suffield<br/><small>''1874-1904''</small>|BEA=Beatrice Bartlett|MAB=[[Mabel Suffield]]<br/><small>''1870-1904''</small>|ART=[[Arthur Tolkien|Arthur Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1857-1896''</small>|FLO=Florence Mary Tolkien<br/><small>''1863-1944''</small>|TOH=Tom Hadley|GRA=Grace Bindley Tolkien<br/><small>''1861-1947''</small>|WIM=William Mountain|MAT=Mabel Tolkien<br/><small>''1858-1937''</small>|TOM=Thomas Mitton|WIT=Wilfred Tolkien<br/><small>''1870-1938''</small>|LAU=Laurence George H. Tolkien<br/><small>''1873-''</small>}} | {{familytree|boxstyle=background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | JOH | | | | JOA |y| MIC | | | | | | | | FAI |y| CHR |y| BAI | | PRI | | | JUN |y| GAB | | | | | | JUL |y| GLY | | PAU |y| ANN | | |JOA=Joan Griffiths<br/><small>''1916-1982''</small>|MIC=[[Michael Tolkien|Michael Hilary Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1920-1984''</small>|JOH=[[John Tolkien|John Francis Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1917-2003''</small>|PRI=[[Priscilla Tolkien|Priscilla Anne Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1929-2022''</small>|FAI=[[Faith Faulconbridge]]<br/><small>''1928-2017''</small>|CHR='''[[Christopher Tolkien|Christopher John Reuel Tolkien]]'''<br/><small>''1924-2020''</small>|BAI=[[Baillie Tolkien|Baillie Klass]]<br/><small>''1941-''</small>|JUN=Lilian June Icke|GAB=Gabriel Tolkien<br/><small>''1931-''</small>|JUL=[[Julian Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1935-''</small>|GLY=Glynis Read|PAU=Paul Tolkien<br/><small>''1938-''</small>|ANN=Annie May McConnell}} | ||
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} | {{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |)|-|-|-|.| |}}{{familytree|boxstyle=background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | MIC | | | | | | HUG |y| JOA | | JUD |y| ALA | | TRA |y| SIM | | ADA | | RAC | | | | ANG | | CHR | | SUE |~| TIM | | NIC | | STE | | DOM | | ZOE |MIC=[[Michael George Tolkien|Michael Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1943-''</small>|HUG=Hugh Baker|JOA=Joanna Tolkien<br/><small>''1945-2023''</small>|JUD=Judith Tolkien<br/><small>''1951-''</small>|ALA=Alan Crombleholme|TRA=Tracy Sternberg|SIM=[[Simon Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1959-''</small>|ADA=[[Adam Tolkien|Adam Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1969-''</small>|RAC=[[Rachel Tolkien|Rachel Clare Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1971-''</small>|ANG=Angela Tolkien<br/><small>''1954-''</small>|CHR=Christopher Tolkien<br/><small>''1961-''</small>|SUE=Susan Goodger|TIM=[[Tim Tolkien|Timothy Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1962-''</small>|NIC=Nicholas Tolkien<br/><small>''1964-''</small>|STE=Stephen Tolkien<br/><small>''1966-''</small>|DOM=Dominic Tolkien<br/><small>''1974-''</small>|ZOE=Zoë Tolkien<br/><small>''1977-''</small>}} | ||
{{familytree|boxstyle=background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MAJ | | MAR | | | | | | | EDI |y| JOH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HIL |y| MAG | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |MAJ=Marjorie Incledon<br/><small>''1891-1973''</small>|MAR=Mary Incledon<br/><small>''1895-1940''</small>|EDI=[[Edith Tolkien|Edith Bratt]]<br/><small>''1889-1971''</small>|JOH='''[[J.R.R. Tolkien|John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]]'''<br/><small>''1892-1973''</small>|HIL=[[Hilary Tolkien|Hilary Arthur Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1894-1976''</small>|MAG=Magdalen Matthews}} | {{familytree| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |)|-|-|-|.| | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} | ||
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}} | {{familytree|boxstyle=background-color:#FFFFFF;| | CAT | | RUT | | MAN | | ROY | | MIC | | FRE | | PIE | | NIC || ANA | | DIM | | SAM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |CAT=Catherine Tolkien<br/><small>''1969-''</small>|RUT=Ruth Tolkien<br/><small>''1982-''</small>|MAN=Mandy<br/><small>''1967-''</small>|ROY=[[Royd Tolkien|Royd]]<br/><small>''1969-''</small>|MIC=Michael<br/><small>''1975-2015''</small>|FRE=Freya Crombleholme<br/><small>''1976-''</small>|PIE=Piers Crombleholme<br/><small>''1979-''</small>|NIC=Nicholas Tolkien<br/><small>''1990-''</small>|ANA=Anna Tolkien<br/><small>''2005-''</small>|DIM=Dimitri Tolkien-Paillet<br/><small>''2005-''</small>|SAM=Samuel<br/><small>''2006-''</small>}}{{familytree/end}} | ||
{{familytree|boxstyle=background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | JOH | | | | JOA |y| MIC | | | | | | | | FAI |y| CHR |y| BAI | | PRI | | JUN |y| GAB | | | | | | JUL |y| GLY | | PAU |y| ANN | | |JOA=Joan Griffiths<br/><small>''1916-1982''</small>|MIC=[[Michael Tolkien|Michael Hilary Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1920-1984''</small>|JOH=[[John Tolkien|John Francis Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1917-2003''</small>|PRI=[[Priscilla Tolkien|Priscilla Anne Reuel Tolkien]]<br/><small>''1929-''</small>|FAI=[[Faith Faulconbridge]]<br/><small>''1928-''</small>|CHR='''[[Christopher Tolkien|Christopher John Reuel Tolkien]]'''<br/><small>''1924-''</small>|BAI=[[Baillie Tolkien|Baillie Klass]]<br/><small>''1941-''</small>|JUN=Lilian June Icke|GAB=Gabriel Tolkien<br/><small>''1931-''</small>|JUL=Julian Tolkien<br/><small>''1935-''</small>|GLY=Glynis Read|PAU=Paul Tolkien<br/><small>''1938-''</small>|ANN=Annie May McConnell}} | |||
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |)|-|-|-|.| |}} | |||
{{familytree|boxstyle=background-color:#FFFFFF;| | |||
{{familytree| | | | | |||
{{familytree|boxstyle=background-color:#FFFFFF; | |||
{{familytree/end}} | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
==See also== | |||
*[http://lingwe.blogspot.com.br/2007/11/new-thoughts-on-etymology-of-tolkien.html Etymology of 'Tolkien'] | |||
*[[The Tolkien Family Album]] | |||
*[http://www.hammondandscull.com/addenda/Tolkien%20family%20trees%20rev%200310.pdf Tolkien Family Trees] | |||
*[http://www.elendilion.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/TolkienAncestry.pdf On J.R.R. Tolkien's roots in Gdańsk], by [[Ryszard Derdziński]] | |||
{{references}} | |||
[[Category:Tolkien Family| ]] | [[Category:Tolkien Family| ]] | ||
[[de:J._R._R._Tolkien#Stammbaum]] | |||
[[fr:tolkien/bio/famille tolkien]] | |||
[[fi:Tolkien]] |
Latest revision as of 23:20, 20 January 2024
This article or section needs expansion and/or modification. Please help the wiki by expanding it. |
The Tolkien Family is a family of Saxon descent, arriving in England six generations before J.R.R. Tolkien.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The name “Tolkien” (pron.: Tol-keen; equal stress on both syllables) is believed to be of German origin; Toll-kühn: foolishly brave, or stupidly clever; a cognate in Modern English would be "dull-keen".[1]
Tolkien tranlated his name in Gothic as Ruginwaldus Dwalakōneis[2] and in Old English as Rægnold Hrædmóding[3] (hræd-mód "hasty, quick tempered"). One time he signed a poem under the pseudonym Oxymore (oxymoron being greek for "sharp-dull", "keen-stupid"). He also created the character Professor Rashbold, loosely translating the meaning of his surname.[4][5] He possibly translated it in Quenya as Arcastar.
Research conducted by Ryszard Derdziński suggests another etymology of the Tolkien family name, deriving it from Baltic Tolk-īn, "a descendant of Tolk", tolk being a Baltic term for "translator, interpreter".[6] Tolkien himself had always been dismissive of this connection.[7]
Origins[edit | edit source]
Research conducted by Ryszard Derdziński shows that the Tolkien family actually had its roots in Gdańsk (German form Danzig) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and earlier in Kreuzburg, East Prussia, but had been living in England since 1770.[8] The Tolkien name is attested there since the 16th century.
The verified paternal line of J. R. R. Tolkien starts with Michel Tolkien, who was born around 1620 in Kreuzburg. Michel's son Christianus Tolkien (1663-1746) was a wealthy miller in Kreuzburg. His son Christian Tolkien (1706-1791) moved from Kreuzburg to nearby Danzig, and his two sons Daniel Gottlieb Tolkien (1747-1813) and Johann (later known as John) Benjamin Tolkien (1752-1819) emigrated to London in the 1770s, and became the ancestors of the English family. The family first appears in English records in 1777. In 1792 John Benjamin Tolkien and William Gravell took over the Erdley Norton manufacture in London, which from then on sold clocks and watches under the name Gravell & Tolkien. Daniel Gottlieb obtained British citizenship in 1794, but John Benjamin apparently never became a British citizen. Their German nephew Daniel Gottlieb Bergmann also joined them in London. Johann (John) Benjamin Tolkien, who died in London in 1819, had a son named George Tolkien, who was the grandfather of Arthur Tolkien, J. R. R. Tolkien's own father.
Genealogy[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
- Etymology of 'Tolkien'
- The Tolkien Family Album
- Tolkien Family Trees
- On J.R.R. Tolkien's roots in Gdańsk, by Ryszard Derdziński
References
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 324, (dated 4-5 June 1971)
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 272, (dated 20 July 1965)
- ↑ For W.H.A.
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Sauron Defeated, "Part Two: The Notion Club Papers: Introduction"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 165, (undated, written June 1955)
- ↑ Ryszard Derdziński, "Elvish with Balto-Slavic sound and the matter of Laūmas 'Elves'" dated 19 November 2017, tolkniety.blogspot.com (accessed 22 November 2017)
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 349, (dated 8 March 1973)
- ↑ Ryszard Derdziński, "Paternal line of J.R.R. Tolkien" dated 7 November 2017, tolkniety.blogspot.com (accessed 22 November 2017)