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Annemones

Anemones were small flowers of many pale colours. Frodo and Sam found white and blue anemones growing in the fragrant flowered lands of Ithilien, and Tolkien also hints that simbelmynë was also a variety of anemone, or at least similar in appearance.

Ashes

Ashes were tall, straight, grey trees common in northern lands, and found throughout Middle-earth. The spears of the Rohirrim were made from their wood, as was Gandalf's staff.

Asphodel

Asphodel were the yellow and white flowers found by Frodo and Sam in Ithilien.

External links

• Asphodel at Wikipedia

Beeches

Beeches were broad and tall trees that grew throughout Middle-earth, and especially in its northern regions. The most famous beech-forest of all was Neldoreth in Doriath. Hírilorn, the three-trunked tree in which Lúthien was imprisoned, was perhaps the greatest beech that had ever grown.

Birches

Smooth-barked forest trees; the Elvish name for this tree, brethil, gave its name to the Forest of Brethil.

Brambles of Mordor

Brambles of Mordor were ugly with foot-long thorns, which were sharp as the knives of the orcs that came from Mordor. Some of the thorns were long and sharp, meaning that they could puncture very deeply, while others were barbed, making them suited for rending the flesh if one tried to walk through them. They sprawled over the land like coils of steel wire. As Samwise Gamgee remarked, he hadn't thought that any plants actually grew in Mordor, though had he been told that some do, the brambles were exactly what he would have expected of Mordor.

They grew in sheltered places twisted tree-forms and stunted grey grasses grew. The leaves were shrivelled with Sulphur vapour and maggot hatchlings. They were the only plantlife that seemed to maintain more than a tenuous foothold.

Cabbage

Cabbage
Location	The Shire
Family	Brassicaceae
Appearance	A mass of leaves in a compact globular cluster

"Elves and Dragons! Cabbages and potatoes are better for me and you"

― The Gaffer

Cabbage was a leafy green vegetable that grew in Middle-earth. It was apparently among the staple foods of the Hobbits.

Portrayal in Adaptations

2007: The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar:

Cabbages can be found through Eriador on cabbage fields. Players with the farmer-profession can produce cabbages also on vegetable fields.

External links

• Cabbage at Wikipedia

Ceddars

Cedars were huge resinous trees with spreading branches. In the Third Age, as today, cedars were most common in warmer lands, but they were apparently not unknown in the Shire.

Eglantine

Eglantine
Other names	Sweet briar
Location	Ithilien, the Shire
Family	Roses

Eglantine is a type of wild rose. Frodo and Sam found it growing in Ithilien as they journeyed through that land. Eglantine Banks, a Hobbit lass, was named after it, so it probably grew in the Shire as well.

Etymology

The name is used for the sweetbriar. It derives from French referring to the "dog rose", ultimately from Latin aculeus "spine".

External links

• Eglantine at Wikipedia

Elms

Tall trees that grew throughout the northern regions of Middle-earth, as they still do today. Treebeard especially noted the elm-woods of Ossiriand, to the east of Beleriand.

Firs

Firs were Evergreen trees that grew across the northern parts of Middle-earth, and especially in the upper Vales of Anduin.

Holly

Holly was a thorny evergreen species of ilex. In Middle-earth, it was especially abundant in the land of Hollin, which took its name from this tree.

Iris

Iris was a colourful and distinctive flower. Frodo and Sam found it growing in Ithilien, and the Gladden River and the Gladden Fields took their name from a variety of this flower. The "iris-swords" mentioned in The Lord of the Rings are a reference to its thin, pointed leaves. In Letter 297, Tolkien identifies the flower as the Iris pseudocorus.

Lilies

Lilies were large flowers that grow on slender stalks, that in Middle-earth were found at least in the Gondorian lands of Lebennin and Ithilien. In the modern world, lilies can grow in a variety of colours and patterns, but in Tolkien's world they're always referred to as being white: for example in the description of Éowyn in her illness as 'white as a lily' (The Lord of the Rings V 8, The Houses of Healing). Among Gandalf's amazing array of fireworks was one in the shape of a lily, which could famously hang in the air throughout an entire evening.

Lindens

Lindens were trees in Arda. Some of the Ents looked like lindens.

Lindens were apparently known for their fair and light leaves: both Lúthien and Nimrodel were said in song to move like linden-leaves.

Mushrooms

"I suppose you three won't want mushrooms again?"

― Fredegar Bolger

Mushrooms
Location	Middle-Earth

Mushrooms were an edible fungus. It is said that Hobbits have a passion for mushrooms, surpassing even the greediest likings of Big People.

History

Mushrooms were a particular delight of young Frodo Baggins, who would often steal them from Farmer Maggot's fields. Old Maggot still remembered it when Frodo came to his farm years later, and as a parting gift, Mrs. Maggot gave Frodo a basket of the prized mushrooms.

Inspiration

J.R.R. Tolkien described himself as a Hobbit in all but size, noting that he was vey fond of mushrooms.

Portrayal in adaptations

Mushrooms in Goblin-town, The Hobbit (2003 video game).

2001: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring:

Though the scenes in Maggot's house have been omitted, a nod to mushrooms is given when the four Hobbits escape Farmer Maggot. Pippin spots them after a comment on a "short cut", making the full phrase sound as "A short cut to... mushrooms!", the chapter title.

2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game):

Mushrooms are collectible items found throughout the Shire. When ate, they restore 10 points of the player's health.

2003: The Hobbit (2003 video game):

Mushrooms serve as power-ups throughout the game. One mushroom - green and blue of colour - restores one health bubble. Later in the game, larger, clustered mushrooms serve as a full healing item.

2007: The Lord of the Rings Online:

Mushrooms can be grown by players who are famers by profession. Players who are cooks can make these into mushroom pie, fried mushroom and fried dace with mushrooms. These are foods for low leveled characters that can increase different traits.

Oaks

The Oak was one of the most common trees in Middle-earth, found throughout the numerous forests. Thorin II became known as "Oakenshield" when he chopped off a bough of an oak to ward off the blows of enemies in the Battle of Nanduhirion.

Plum Trees

Plum trees were some of the fruit-bearing trees cultivated in the Shire. In the marvelous year of S.R. 1420 it was said that young Hobbits "sat on the lawns under the plum-trees and ate, until they had made piles of stones like small pyramids or the heaped skulls of a conqueror".

Roses

The name Rose refers to more than one character, item or concept. For a list of other meanings, see Rose (disambiguation).

Roses were flowers found throughout Middle-earth. According to The Fall of Gondolin, there was a street in Gondolin called the Alley of Roses, one of the most beautiful places in the city.

Strawberries

"I shan't call it the end, till we've cleared up the mess." — Sam This article or section needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of article quality.

"The fruit was so plentiful that young hobbits very nearly bathed in strawberries and cream..."

― The Return of the King, The Grey Havens

Strawberries
Location	Middle-Earth

Strawberries were wild berries found by Bilbo Baggins in the upper Vales of Anduin, as he journeyed eastward on the Quest of Erebor. The presence of the strawberries during Bilbo's journey helps to pinpoint the time at which he came upon them: "At that latitude, strawberries would probably fruit and blackberries blossom between mid-June and mid-July..." (The Atlas of Middle-earth)

Inspiration

"...he ate three wild strawberries that he found on its bank, but it was not much good."

― The Hobbit, Out of the Frying-Pan into the Fire

J.R.R. Tolkien's adventure in Switzerland in 1911 was his inspiration for the journey from Rivendell to the other side of the Misty Mountains, and it is quite possible he consumed strawberries during this time. (Letter 306). In Michael Coren's biography on Tolkien, he notes, "For dessert he liked a trifle or, in summer, strawberries with lots of cream." (J.R.R. Tolkien, "End Times") In J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator, No. 23 contains an illustration by J.R.R. Tolkien of a strawberry.

References

• The Hobbit, Out of the Frying-Pan into the Fire
• The Return of the King, The Grey Havens
• The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 306
• The Atlas of Middle-earth, "The Hobbit"
• J.R.R. Tolkien by Michael Coren, "End Times"
• J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator, "Early Work"

Tomatoes

"And just bring out the cold chicken and tomatoes!"

― Gandalf to Bilbo Baggins, An Unexpected Party

Tomatoes were supposedly a plant known to the Hobbits.

Other Versions of the Legendarium

They were referenced in the first edition of The Hobbit, but Tolkien changed this to "pickles" in the second edition since the American plantlife would not fit in his setting of ancient Middle-earth; however see potatoes and pipe-weed.

Turnips

Turnips are root vegetables that seem to have formed part of the diet of the Hobbits of the Shire, well known to Samwise Gamgee.

Water-lilies

Water-lilies were water flowers known for their round, flat leaves floating on the surfaces of ponds and quiet rivers. Their flowers can be of many colours, but Goldberry the River-daughter seems to have had a particular interest in white lilies. Tom Bombadil travelled to the lower reaches of the Withywindle to gather white water-lilies for her, and it was while returning from a lily-gathering expedition that he discovered Frodo and his companions, and rescued them from Old Man Willow. Goldberry seems to have used her lilies to recreate her original home in the river: when Tom brought the Hobbits back to his house, they found a seated Goldberry surrounded by water-lilies floating in pots of earthenware.

Like many other types of plant and flower, water-lilies were also known to grow in the verdant lands of Ithilien by the River Anduin. Long after their adventure with Tom and Goldberry, Frodo and Sam found their broad leaves floating in a quiet stream running down to the Great River.

Wheat

Wheat
Location	Middle-earth, Valinor

Wheat was an important cereal crop, used especially to be milled into flour. It is recorded as growing tall and golden in the land of Valinor.

Wild Berries

Wild Berries grew in the upper Vales of Anduin

References

• The Hobbit

Willows

Willows were waterside trees that grew throughout Middle-earth. The most famous of these was the ancient tree known as Old Man Willow, on the banks of the Withywindle in the Old Forest.

In Beleriand was the region Nan-tathren, a wooded vale which took its name from the willow trees that grew there.

Names

The Sindarin name for "willow" is tathar.

External links

Willow at Wikipedia

References

[[Category:Flowers]] [[Category:Plants]] [[Category:Trees]]