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[[File:John Howe - Variag.jpg|thumb|''Variag'' by [[John Howe]].]]
{{people infobox
| name=Variags
| image=[[File:John Howe - Variag.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:John Howe - Variag.jpg|Variag]]" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Khand]]
| affiliation=[[Sauron]]
| rivalry=[[Gondorians]]
| language=
| members=
| lifespan=shorter than Númenórean
| distinctions=
| height=shorter than [[Númenóreans]]
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Variags''' were a little-known people who dwelt in the land of [[Khand]].
The '''Variags''' were a little-known people who dwelt in the land of [[Khand]].
==History==
==History==
They were allies of both [[Rhûn]] and [[Harad]], to neither of which they belonged.
The ''Variags'' came from ''Khand'', a land southeast of [[Mordor]].<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> It is not clear if the ''Variags'' are synonymous with the "men of Khand" in general, or if they are a specific group or tribe of those men. Records in Gondor mention "peoples of Khand"<ref name=Northmen>{{UT|Northmen}}</ref> and it is known that the land of ''Khand'' was inhabited by ''Variags''.<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Khand'', p. 566</ref>


Khand was east of [[Mordor]], at the time of the [[War of the Ring]]. They were allied to [[Sauron]], and their warriors were seen at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].
In the [[Third Age]] the eastern [[Wainriders]] had been spreading southward beyond Mordor and were in conflict with their neighbours further south, the peoples of Khand. Later [[Sauron]] arranged a peace and an alliance between the Wainriders and the peoples of Khand and prepared an attack on Gondor, that should be made at the same time from the north and from the south. In {{TA|1944}} the Wainriders and the "men of Khand" mustered a great army on the southern shores of the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and moved as fast as they could along the northern side of the [[Ered Lithui]] and defeated the northern army of Gondor in a [[Disaster of the Morannon|battle]] north of the [[Morannon]]<ref name=Northmen/> and killed King [[Ondoher]] and both his sons, [[Artamir]] and [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]].<ref name=Wainriders>{{App|Gondor}}, paragraph about the attack of the Wainriders and the death of King Ondoher in T.A. 1944, p. 1049</ref> Afterwards they pursued the withdrawing survivors of the northern army of Gondor into the north of [[Ithilien]], defeated the reargurad of the northern army of Gondor and killed the new commander of the northern army of Gondor, [[Minohtar]], the son of the sister of King Ondoher.<ref name=Northmen/> They believed that they had defeated Gondor, set up a camp and feasted and revelled, but Eärnil, the Captain of the Southern Army, who had destroyed the army of Harad that had crossed the Poros moved north with the Southern Army as quickly as possible, gathered the retreating Northern Army of Gondor, defeated the Wainriders in the [[Battle of the Camp]] and drove the surviving enemies into the [[Dead Marshes]] where a great part of them perished.<ref name=Wainriders/><ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 1944, p. 1086</ref>
 
During the [[War of the Ring]] the Variags fought at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]<ref name=Battle>{{RK|Battle}}, p. 846</ref> on [[15 March]] {{TA|3019}}.<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 15, p. 1093</ref> They were held in reserve in [[Osgiliath]] along with armies of [[Easterlings]] and [[Southrons]]. After the death of the [[Witch-king]] they were sent onto the battlefield by [[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]]. Their ranks were among [[troll-men]] and [[Orcs]] when the knights of [[Dol Amroth]] ran and drove them back.<ref name=Battle/>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
''Variag'' is a word of a [[Harad]] language<ref>{{HM|PM}}, [[The Appendix on Languages]]</ref>, but its meaning is unknown.
The meaning of the name ''Variags'' is unknown.
 
==Other versions of the legendarium==
A draft version of what would later become appendix F mentions that the name ''Variag'' is a word from the speech of Men of the East and allies of Sauron.<ref>{{PM|Languages}}, carbon copy of typescript F4, p. 79.</ref>
 
==Inspiration==
==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Variag|Variag]] is a Slavic word derived from [[Norse]] ''Varingar'' "mercenary people" (''vár'' "contract"). The Norse root indicates that perhaps Tolkien intended ''Variag'' to be a "translated" [[Northern Mannish]] word.{{fact}}
In the Rus' chronicle of Nestor the name ''Variags'' is used for the people, which are usually named ''Varangians'' and which were Scandinavian rovers that overran parts of Rus' and reached Constantinople in the 9th and 10th centuries. A group of ''Varangians'' formed the Varangian Guard of the Byzantine Emperor.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 566</ref>
 
[[Wikipedia:Variag|Variag]] is a Slavic word derived from [[Norse]] ''Varingar'' "mercenary people" (''vár'' "contract"). The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varangian_Guard Varangian Guard] were Norse body-guards of the Byzantine Emperor.
 
It has been suggested that Tolkien adopted the Slavic term to indicate that the Variags were possibly mercenaries serving a possible Lord of Khand.<ref>{{HM|IE}}, Obscure Languages</ref>


==Portrayal in adaptations==
==Portrayal in adaptations==
Line 18: Line 48:
'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''
'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''
:Variags of Khand is a Man Faction.
:Variags of Khand is a Man Faction.
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Variags.jpg|thumb|left|A group of Variags in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2016: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Variags are first encountered as enemies in [[Anórien|Far Anórien]], guarding the road to [[Minas Tirith]] against the passage of [[Rohirrim]]. Another group of Variags is found in North [[Ithilien]] after the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], attempting to retreat home into [[Khand]]. Unlike the [[Easterlings]] and the [[Haradrim]], the Variags are mercenaries, following [[Sauron]] not out of fear or worship but because of the riches promised to them. As such, they hold no real hatred against the Men of the West and at several points players have the option to simply pay them to defuse an armed situation.
==See also==
==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Variags|Images of Variags]]
*[[:Category:Images of Variags|Images of Variags]]
{{references}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Easterlings]]
[[Category:Men]]
[[Category:Mannish words]]
[[Category:Mannish words]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[de:Variags]]
[[de:Variags]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/variags]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/variags]]
[[fi:Varjaagit]]
[[fi:Varjaagit]]

Latest revision as of 21:39, 9 April 2023

Variags
People
John Howe - Variag.jpg
"Variag" by John Howe
General Information
LocationsKhand
AffiliationSauron
RivalriesGondorians
Physical Description
Lifespanshorter than Númenórean
Average heightshorter than Númenóreans
GalleryImages of Variags

The Variags were a little-known people who dwelt in the land of Khand.

History[edit | edit source]

The Variags came from Khand, a land southeast of Mordor.[1] It is not clear if the Variags are synonymous with the "men of Khand" in general, or if they are a specific group or tribe of those men. Records in Gondor mention "peoples of Khand"[2] and it is known that the land of Khand was inhabited by Variags.[3]

In the Third Age the eastern Wainriders had been spreading southward beyond Mordor and were in conflict with their neighbours further south, the peoples of Khand. Later Sauron arranged a peace and an alliance between the Wainriders and the peoples of Khand and prepared an attack on Gondor, that should be made at the same time from the north and from the south. In T.A. 1944 the Wainriders and the "men of Khand" mustered a great army on the southern shores of the Sea of Rhûn and moved as fast as they could along the northern side of the Ered Lithui and defeated the northern army of Gondor in a battle north of the Morannon[2] and killed King Ondoher and both his sons, Artamir and Faramir.[4] Afterwards they pursued the withdrawing survivors of the northern army of Gondor into the north of Ithilien, defeated the reargurad of the northern army of Gondor and killed the new commander of the northern army of Gondor, Minohtar, the son of the sister of King Ondoher.[2] They believed that they had defeated Gondor, set up a camp and feasted and revelled, but Eärnil, the Captain of the Southern Army, who had destroyed the army of Harad that had crossed the Poros moved north with the Southern Army as quickly as possible, gathered the retreating Northern Army of Gondor, defeated the Wainriders in the Battle of the Camp and drove the surviving enemies into the Dead Marshes where a great part of them perished.[4][5]

During the War of the Ring the Variags fought at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields[6] on 15 March T.A. 3019.[7] They were held in reserve in Osgiliath along with armies of Easterlings and Southrons. After the death of the Witch-king they were sent onto the battlefield by Gothmog. Their ranks were among troll-men and Orcs when the knights of Dol Amroth ran and drove them back.[6]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The meaning of the name Variags is unknown.

Other versions of the legendarium[edit | edit source]

A draft version of what would later become appendix F mentions that the name Variag is a word from the speech of Men of the East and allies of Sauron.[8]

Inspiration[edit | edit source]

In the Rus' chronicle of Nestor the name Variags is used for the people, which are usually named Varangians and which were Scandinavian rovers that overran parts of Rus' and reached Constantinople in the 9th and 10th centuries. A group of Varangians formed the Varangian Guard of the Byzantine Emperor.[9]

Variag is a Slavic word derived from Norse Varingar "mercenary people" (vár "contract"). The Varangian Guard were Norse body-guards of the Byzantine Emperor.

It has been suggested that Tolkien adopted the Slavic term to indicate that the Variags were possibly mercenaries serving a possible Lord of Khand.[10]

Portrayal in adaptations[edit | edit source]

Variags of Khand in MECCG

1982-97: Middle-earth Role Playing:

Variags, who speak the tongue Varadja, share ties with both Easterlings and Haradrim.[11][12]

1995-8: Middle-earth Collectible Card Game:

Variags of Khand is a Man Faction.
A group of Variags in The Lord of the Rings Online

2016: The Lord of the Rings Online:

The Variags are first encountered as enemies in Far Anórien, guarding the road to Minas Tirith against the passage of Rohirrim. Another group of Variags is found in North Ithilien after the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, attempting to retreat home into Khand. Unlike the Easterlings and the Haradrim, the Variags are mercenaries, following Sauron not out of fear or worship but because of the riches promised to them. As such, they hold no real hatred against the Men of the West and at several points players have the option to simply pay them to defuse an armed situation.

See also[edit | edit source]

References

  1. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age" [map]
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan", "(i) The Northmen and the Wainriders"
  3. J.R.R. Tolkien, "Unfinished index for The Lord of the Rings", in Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, entry Khand, p. 566
  4. 4.0 4.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Gondor and the Heirs of Anárion", paragraph about the attack of the Wainriders and the death of King Ondoher in T.A. 1944, p. 1049
  5. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age", entry for the year 1944, p. 1086
  6. 6.0 6.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, "The Battle of the Pelennor Fields", p. 846
  7. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Great Years", entry for the year 3019, March 15, p. 1093
  8. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "II. The Appendix on Languages", carbon copy of typescript F4, p. 79.
  9. Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, p. 566
  10. Jim Allan (1978), An Introduction to Elvish, Obscure Languages
  11. S. Coleman Charlton (1993), Middle-earth Role Playing (2nd edition, hardcover) (#2000)
  12. Peter C. Fenlon, Jr. et al. (1987), Lords of Middle-earth Vol II: The Mannish Races (#8003)