Yogh: Difference between revisions
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{{font|[http://at.mansbjorkman.net/tirion.htm Tirion Sarati] and [http://at.mansbjorkman.net/parmaite.htm Tengwar Parmaite]}} | |||
'''Yogh''' ('''Ȝ ȝ''') is a letter of Middle English literature. Note that sometimes it is written with a three (3) when the font is not available. | '''Yogh''' ('''Ȝ ȝ''') is a letter of Middle English literature. Note that sometimes it is written with a three (3) when the font is not available. | ||
The sound Ȝ was derived from [[Old English]] ''g''. It was a sound that doesn't exist any more in English language since it is now assimilated with ''y'' or isn't pronounced at all. | The Middle English sound ''Ȝ'' was derived from [[Old English]] ''g''. It was a sound that doesn't exist any more in English language since it is now assimilated with ''y'' or isn't pronounced at all. | ||
==Ȝ in Elvish== | ==Ȝ in Elvish== | ||
===Primitive Quendian=== | ===Primitive Quendian=== | ||
Tolkien used Ȝ in ''[[The Etymologies]]'' to describe the sound ''gh''. Ȝ is seen most often in [[Primitive Quendian]] [[ | Tolkien used ''Ȝ'' in ''[[The Etymologies]]'' to describe the sound ''gh''. The ''Ȝ'' is seen most often in [[Primitive Quendian]] [[Sundocarmë|Root]]s such as [[MAȜ]], [[KUȜ]], [[TEȜ]]. This sound however was assimilated to other sounds. | ||
Before unvoiced consonants it would evolve into ''ch'': ''[[maȝtâ]]'' ([[MAȜ]]) evolved to ''machtâ''. | Before unvoiced consonants it would evolve into ''ch'': ''[[maȝtâ]]'' ([[MAȜ]]) evolved to [[Common Eldarin]] ''machtâ''. | ||
Final, after ''u'', it would evolve into ''w'': ''kuȝ'' ([[KUȜ]]) > ''kuw'' | Final, after ''u'', it would evolve into ''w'': ''kuȝ'' ([[KUȜ]]) > ''kuw'' | ||
===Later Ȝ=== | ===Later Ȝ=== | ||
The sound ''gh'' would return once more in [[Elvish]]. Like in the case of English, Primitive Quendian ''g'' was simplified to ''gh'' in [[Quenya]] (and [[Sindarin]], in most cases). For example the word ''[[galadâ]]'' "tree" evolved into *''ghaldâ/ȝaldâ'' in the Quenyan branch. | The sound ''gh'' would return once more in [[Elvish]]. Like in the case of English, Primitive Quendian ''g'' was simplified to ''gh'' in [[Quenya]] (and [[Sindarin]], in most cases). For example the word ''[[galadâ]]'' "tree" evolved into *''ghaldâ/ȝaldâ'' in the Quenyan branch. | ||
Once more, the ''gh'' sound | Once more, the ''gh'' sound could be heard in Elvish, and it survived long enough to be written in [[Sarati]] before disappearing again. The word ''[[alda]]'' was still spelt ''ȝalda'' with the letter <em style="font: normal 1.7em/1.5em 'Tirion Sarati'">'</em> representing ''gh''. It was known by tradition among the [[loremasters]]<ref>[[Vinyar Tengwar 39]] p. 7</ref> | ||
When ''gh'' was lost once more, the Sarat <em style="font: normal 1.7em/1.5em 'Tirion Sarati'">'</em> was eventually used for a carrier. It was inherited as a carrier in the [[Tengwar]] and later was replaced by the letter [[Anna]], to indicate an assuming “vanished” ''gh'' wherever words begun with a vowel. | |||
This usage tried to explain the relation of words between Noldorin words starting with a vowel where Telerin had ''g-'' (cf. Quenya ''[[alda]]'' vs. [[Telerin]] ''[[galla]]''), but did not explain all the cases of words without an initial consonant (''[[alca]]'', according to this, should be spelled *{{tg|hDjaE}} that time, although it had never been ''**galka'' before). | This usage tried to explain the relation of words between Noldorin words starting with a vowel where Telerin had ''g-'' (cf. Quenya ''[[alda]]'' vs. [[Telerin]] ''[[galla]]''), but did not explain all the cases of words without an initial consonant (''[[alca]]'', according to this, should be spelled *{{tg|hDjaE}} that time, although it had never been ''**galka'' before). | ||
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*[[gasdil]] | *[[gasdil]] | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* | * {{WP|Yogh}} | ||
*[http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/qevolution.pdf The Evolution of Quenya] by [[Helge Fauskanger]] and [[Vincente Velasco]] | *''[http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/qevolution.pdf The Evolution of Quenya]'' by [[Helge Fauskanger]] and [[Vincente Velasco]] | ||
[[Category:Linguistic terms]] | |||
Revision as of 15:36, 3 July 2010
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Yogh (Ȝ ȝ) is a letter of Middle English literature. Note that sometimes it is written with a three (3) when the font is not available.
The Middle English sound Ȝ was derived from Old English g. It was a sound that doesn't exist any more in English language since it is now assimilated with y or isn't pronounced at all.
Ȝ in Elvish
Primitive Quendian
Tolkien used Ȝ in The Etymologies to describe the sound gh. The Ȝ is seen most often in Primitive Quendian Roots such as MAȜ, KUȜ, TEȜ. This sound however was assimilated to other sounds.
Before unvoiced consonants it would evolve into ch: maȝtâ (MAȜ) evolved to Common Eldarin machtâ.
Final, after u, it would evolve into w: kuȝ (KUȜ) > kuw
Later Ȝ
The sound gh would return once more in Elvish. Like in the case of English, Primitive Quendian g was simplified to gh in Quenya (and Sindarin, in most cases). For example the word galadâ "tree" evolved into *ghaldâ/ȝaldâ in the Quenyan branch.
Once more, the gh sound could be heard in Elvish, and it survived long enough to be written in Sarati before disappearing again. The word alda was still spelt ȝalda with the letter ' representing gh. It was known by tradition among the loremasters[1]
When gh was lost once more, the Sarat ' was eventually used for a carrier. It was inherited as a carrier in the Tengwar and later was replaced by the letter Anna, to indicate an assuming “vanished” gh wherever words begun with a vowel.
This usage tried to explain the relation of words between Noldorin words starting with a vowel where Telerin had g- (cf. Quenya alda vs. Telerin galla), but did not explain all the cases of words without an initial consonant (alca, according to this, should be spelled *hDjaE that time, although it had never been **galka before).
Other languages
Note that in other languages, like Orkish, Tolkien wrote this sound as gh.
In Tengwar, ȝ/gh is written with the letter Anca or Unquë.
See also
External links
- ↑ Vinyar Tengwar 39 p. 7
