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World War I

2019-10-17T12:25:24Z

165.138.141.200: /* 1919 */

World War I

2019-10-17T12:25:03Z

165.138.141.200: /* 1914 */

World War I

2019-10-17T12:24:36Z

165.138.141.200: /* 1915 */

World War I

2019-10-17T12:23:12Z

165.138.141.200: /* 1918 */

World War I

2019-10-17T12:22:52Z

165.138.141.200: /* 1917 */

[[File:Tolkien 1916.jpg|right|thumb|Tolkien in 1916, wearing his British Army uniform.]]

<center>{{quote|Who battled have with bloody hands Through evil times in barren lands, To whom the voice of guns Speaks and no longer stuns...|[[Geoffrey Bache Smith]], ''[[A Spring Harvest]]''}}</center>

[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] served in the British Army during '''World War I''' (or the "'''Great War'''"), most notably in the bloody [[Battle of the Somme]]. The earliest works of the [[Legendarium]]—collected in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]''—were began during the conflict. The extent to which the war and Tolkien's experience of it are reflected in his written work is a matter of much interest in Tolkien scholarship.

==Participants==
'''[[T.C.B.S.|Barrovians]]:'''
*[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
*[[Christopher Wiseman]]
*[[Robert Gilson]]†<ref name="Garth"/>
*[[Geoffrey Bache Smith|G.B. Smith]]†<ref name="Garth"/>
*[[Thomas Kenneth Barnsley|T.K. Barnsley]]†<ref name="Garth"/>
*[[Ralph Payton]]†<ref name="Garth"/>

'''Others'''
* [[C.S. Lewis]]<ref>''[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0433436/ The Question of God: Sigmund Freud & C.S. Lewis]''</ref>
* [[Hilary Tolkien]]<ref name="Garth"/>
* [[Hugo Dyson]], wounded at [[wikipedia:Battle of Passchendaele|Passchendaele]]<ref>[[Colin Duriez]], ''[[Tolkien and The Lord of the Rings]]'', "People and Places in His Life"</ref>

==Timeline==
:'''See also ''[[wikipedia:Timeline_of_World_War_I|Timeline of World War I]]'' at Wikipedia'''
===1914===
* '''[[28 June|June 28]]''' - [[wikipedia:Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] in Sarajevo.<ref name="WP">[[wikipedia:World War I|World War I]] at [[wikipedia:Main Page|Wikipedia]]</ref>
* '''[[28 July|July 28]]''' - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Russia mobilizes. The Great War begins.<ref name="WP"/>
* '''[[4 August|August 4]]''' - The British Empire declares war on Germany, following tension and conflict on the mainland in July.<ref name="WP"/>
* '''[[August]]''' - [[Hilary Tolkien]] joins the army as a bugler. [[Geoffrey Bache Smith]] and [[Robert Gilson]] join the army. [[Christopher Wiseman]] joins the navy instead. [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] plans to finish his education.<ref name="Garth">[[John Garth]], ''[[Tolkien and the Great War]]''</ref>
===1915===
* '''[[10 June|June 10]]''' - Exams start at Oxford University. Because of the war, only Tolkien and 24 others remain in the entire University. Tolkien passes.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[28 June|June 28]]''' - Tolkien applies at the Oxford recruiting office to join the army.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[15 July|July 15]]''' - Tolkien becomes a second lieutenant, and is appointed to the 13th Service Battalion of the Lancashire Fusilliers.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[25 September|September 25]]''' - The Big Four of the [[T.C.B.S.]] - Tolkien, Smith, Wiseman and Gilson - have their last meeting.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[21 November|November 21]]''' - G.B. Smith is shipped to France.<ref name="Garth"/>
Ooga booga

ooga booga

===1918===
* '''[[11 October|October 11]]''' - Tolkien is officially released from Brooklands Hospital, Birmingham.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[11 November|November 11]]''' - The War comes to an end in a cease-fire.<ref name="WP"/>
===1919===
* '''[[17 February|February 17]]''' - [[Hilary Tolkien]] returns home.<ref>[[Hilary Tolkien]], [[Angela Gardner]] (ed.), ''[[Black & White Ogre Country]]'', page 50</ref>
* '''[[28 June|June 28]]''' - The war officially ends, with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.<ref name="WP"/>
* '''[[15 July|July 15]]''' - Tolkien is released from service.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[16 July|July 16]]''' - Tolkien is officially demobilized.<ref name="Garth"/>

==External links==

*[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/people/p_tolkien_app.htm J.R.R. Tolkien's army commission application]
*[http://johngarth.wordpress.com/2014/07/29/why-world-war-one-is-at-the-heart-of-lord-of-the-rings/ Why World War One Is at the heart of Lord of the Rings] by [[John Garth]]
{{references}}

[[Category:World War I| ]]

World War I

2019-10-17T12:22:26Z

165.138.141.200: /* 1916 */

[[File:Tolkien 1916.jpg|right|thumb|Tolkien in 1916, wearing his British Army uniform.]]

<center>{{quote|Who battled have with bloody hands Through evil times in barren lands, To whom the voice of guns Speaks and no longer stuns...|[[Geoffrey Bache Smith]], ''[[A Spring Harvest]]''}}</center>

[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] served in the British Army during '''World War I''' (or the "'''Great War'''"), most notably in the bloody [[Battle of the Somme]]. The earliest works of the [[Legendarium]]—collected in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]''—were began during the conflict. The extent to which the war and Tolkien's experience of it are reflected in his written work is a matter of much interest in Tolkien scholarship.

==Participants==
'''[[T.C.B.S.|Barrovians]]:'''
*[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
*[[Christopher Wiseman]]
*[[Robert Gilson]]†<ref name="Garth"/>
*[[Geoffrey Bache Smith|G.B. Smith]]†<ref name="Garth"/>
*[[Thomas Kenneth Barnsley|T.K. Barnsley]]†<ref name="Garth"/>
*[[Ralph Payton]]†<ref name="Garth"/>

'''Others'''
* [[C.S. Lewis]]<ref>''[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0433436/ The Question of God: Sigmund Freud & C.S. Lewis]''</ref>
* [[Hilary Tolkien]]<ref name="Garth"/>
* [[Hugo Dyson]], wounded at [[wikipedia:Battle of Passchendaele|Passchendaele]]<ref>[[Colin Duriez]], ''[[Tolkien and The Lord of the Rings]]'', "People and Places in His Life"</ref>

==Timeline==
:'''See also ''[[wikipedia:Timeline_of_World_War_I|Timeline of World War I]]'' at Wikipedia'''
===1914===
* '''[[28 June|June 28]]''' - [[wikipedia:Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] in Sarajevo.<ref name="WP">[[wikipedia:World War I|World War I]] at [[wikipedia:Main Page|Wikipedia]]</ref>
* '''[[28 July|July 28]]''' - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Russia mobilizes. The Great War begins.<ref name="WP"/>
* '''[[4 August|August 4]]''' - The British Empire declares war on Germany, following tension and conflict on the mainland in July.<ref name="WP"/>
* '''[[August]]''' - [[Hilary Tolkien]] joins the army as a bugler. [[Geoffrey Bache Smith]] and [[Robert Gilson]] join the army. [[Christopher Wiseman]] joins the navy instead. [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] plans to finish his education.<ref name="Garth">[[John Garth]], ''[[Tolkien and the Great War]]''</ref>
===1915===
* '''[[10 June|June 10]]''' - Exams start at Oxford University. Because of the war, only Tolkien and 24 others remain in the entire University. Tolkien passes.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[28 June|June 28]]''' - Tolkien applies at the Oxford recruiting office to join the army.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[15 July|July 15]]''' - Tolkien becomes a second lieutenant, and is appointed to the 13th Service Battalion of the Lancashire Fusilliers.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[25 September|September 25]]''' - The Big Four of the [[T.C.B.S.]] - Tolkien, Smith, Wiseman and Gilson - have their last meeting.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[21 November|November 21]]''' - G.B. Smith is shipped to France.<ref name="Garth"/>
Ooga booga

===1917===
* '''[[12 January|January 12]]''' - Tolkien's leave of absence (to recover from his trench fever) ends, but he is far from recovered.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[29 January|January 29]]''' - Tolkien faces a Medical Board in Birmingham, but he is not deemed fit to return to war.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[February]]''' - Tolkien faces his second Medical Board, but is again deemed unfit for duty.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[27 February|February 27]]''' - Tolkien faces his third Medical Board, and again his leave is extended.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[18 April|April 18]]''' - Tolkien and Wiseman, the Great Twin Brethren, meet in Harrogate, and discuss the fate of the [[T.C.B.S.|Barrovians]] and the future of the Society.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[19 April|April 19]]''' - Tolkien, in revalidation, is assigned to the Humber Garrison, but is not fit enough.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[1 June|June 1]]''' - Tolkien is considered fit for service again, but he is not reassigned to the Lancashire Fusilliers.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[29 June|June 29]]''' - J.R.R. Tolkien succumbs to gastritis while at Brocton Camp.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[1 August|August 1]]''' - [[Thomas Kenneth Barnsley|"Tea Cake" Barnsley]] is killed in Ypres.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[13 October|October 13]]'''- Tolkien is found unfit for duty for six months, but able to do a desk job.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[November]]''' – Tolkien moves into [[50 St. John's Street]].<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[16 November|November 16]]''' - The Tolkien's first son, [[John Tolkien|John]], is born.<ref name="Garth"/>

===1918===
* '''[[11 October|October 11]]''' - Tolkien is officially released from Brooklands Hospital, Birmingham.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[11 November|November 11]]''' - The War comes to an end in a cease-fire.<ref name="WP"/>
===1919===
* '''[[17 February|February 17]]''' - [[Hilary Tolkien]] returns home.<ref>[[Hilary Tolkien]], [[Angela Gardner]] (ed.), ''[[Black & White Ogre Country]]'', page 50</ref>
* '''[[28 June|June 28]]''' - The war officially ends, with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.<ref name="WP"/>
* '''[[15 July|July 15]]''' - Tolkien is released from service.<ref name="Garth"/>
* '''[[16 July|July 16]]''' - Tolkien is officially demobilized.<ref name="Garth"/>

==External links==

*[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/people/p_tolkien_app.htm J.R.R. Tolkien's army commission application]
*[http://johngarth.wordpress.com/2014/07/29/why-world-war-one-is-at-the-heart-of-lord-of-the-rings/ Why World War One Is at the heart of Lord of the Rings] by [[John Garth]]
{{references}}

[[Category:World War I| ]]