John Livesey

2022-06-29T13:09:15Z

172.70.86.69:

'''John Livesey''' (died [[2022]]) was an actor of the [[BBC|BBC Repository Company]]'s core cast. He voiced several roles in the [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|1981 radio series of ''The Lord of the Rings]]'': [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]], [[Éothain]], a [[Ruffians|Ruffian]] and an unspecified bit part.

==External links==
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0515189/ John Livesey] at [http://www.imdb.com IMDb]

[[Category:Actors and actresses|Livesey, John]]
[[Category:British people|Livesey, John]]
[[Category:People by name|Livesey, John]]

Caradhras

2022-04-25T23:24:19Z

172.70.86.69: /* Etymology */

{{mountain
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Anger of the Mountain.jpg|250px|The Fellowship of the Ring at the Redhorn Gate as depicted by Ted Nasmith.]]
| name=Caradhras
| location=above [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], between [[Celebdil]] and [[Fanuidhol]], on the border between [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion]]
| belongs=the [[Misty Mountains]]
| description=
| othernames=''Redhorn'' ([[Westron|W]]), ''Baraz(inbar)'' ([[Khuzdul|K]])
| events=Capture of [[Celebrían]]<br />Attempt of [[Fellowship of the Ring]] to cross Misty Mountains
| references=
}}
<center>{{quote|Caradhras was called the Cruel, and had an ill name long years ago, when rumour of Sauron had not been heard in these lands.|[[Gimli]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Ring Goes South]]"}}</center>
'''Caradhras''' was one of the mightiest peaks in the [[Misty Mountains]].

==Geography==
===Mountain===
[[File:Tom Cross - Caradhras.jpg|thumb|left|''Caradhras'' by [[Tom Cross]]]]
Caradhras was the tallest and northernmost of the [[Mountains of Moria]], the three mountains which the great [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] was built under. The other two were [[Celebdil]] ("Silvertine") and [[Fanuidhol]] ("Cloudyhead"). Caradhras was described as "mighty peak, tipped with snow like silver, but with sheer naked sides". In the light of the rising or setting sun it appeared "dull red as if stained with blood".

Caradhras was called ''the Cruel'' by the Dwarves and had long had a bad reputation.<ref name="South"/> It was the site in Middle-earth where ''[[mithril]]'' was found and where [[Durin's Folk|Dwarves]] woke [[Durin's Bane]], the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Moria]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

===Redhorn Gate===

The '''Redhorn Gate''' (also called the ''Redhorn Pass'') was a narrow and dangerous pass through the [[Misty Mountains]] that led from the wilds of [[Eriador]] through to [[Rhovanion]] beyond. Sheer and steep, it climbed across the southern slopes of [[Caradhras]] and led down into the [[Dimrill Dale]] and hence the Vale of [[Anduin]] beyond the [[Mountains]].<ref name="South">{{FR|II3}}</ref>

The Pass was traversed by the [[Stoors]] migrating from the [[Vales of Anduin]] into [[Eriador]], from where they headed to the [[Angle (Eriador)|Angle]] and [[Dunland]] (c. {{TA|1150}}).<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref>

The Redhorn Gate was known to be treacherous. It was on this pass in {{TA|2509}} that [[Celebrían]], the wife of [[Elrond]], was captured by [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

After the fall of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], this pass was predominantly used by elves travelling between Lothlórien and Eriador. On [[11 January]] - [[12 January|12]], {{TA|3019}}, the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] attempted to cross the Misty Mountains by the Redhorn Gate.<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> They came into a fierce blizzard and could not go any further because of the deep snow. Thus were they defeated by the ill will of the mountain and were forced to cross under the Misty Mountains through the Mines of Moria.<ref name="South"/>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Caradhras.mp3|Ardamir}}
The name is [[Sindarin]] and means "Redhorn". It is composed of ''[[caran]]'' ("red") and ''[[ras]]'' ("horn"). As a compound, the contact of ''n'' next to ''r'' presents a phenomenon similar to ''[[prestanneth]]'': ''Cara'''n-r'''as'' is assimilated to ''Cara'''dhr'''as''.<ref name=Eldarin>{{PE|Eldarin}}</ref>{{rp|36}}

'''''Barazinbar''''' (or simply '''''Baraz'''''<ref name="South"/>) is the literal [[Khuzdul]] translation of "Redhorn", from ''[[baraz]]'' + ''[[inbar]]''.<ref name=Eldarin></ref>{{rp|35}}

'''''Carnirassë''''' is the literal [[Quenya]] translation of "Redhorn", from ''[[carnë]]'' + ''[[rassë]]''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry '''KARÁN-'''</ref><ref name=Eldarin></ref>{{rp|36}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:The Fellowship decides to take the Pass upon realising that passage South was being watched after they were spotted by a large flock of ''[[Crebain|crebain]]''. Upon taking the Passage, a blizzard appears, accompanied by what Legolas calls "''...a fell voice on the air.''", to which Gandalf says that "''It is Saruman.''" It is shown that Saruman had summoned a great storm to harass the Fellowship on the Pass, until a lightning strike upon the mountain causes an avalanche that buries the Company in snow. At this, Boromir says to turn back and take the Gap of Rohan, to which Aragorn says that it would take the Company too close to Isengard, while Gimli suggests to "''...go [[Moria|under the mountain]].''" Gandalf has Frodo decide, as the Ringbearer, and Frodo elects Moria as the way of passage. Additionally, in his [[magic|spell]], Saruman mentions the [[Neo-Elvish|neo-Quenya]] name of Caradhras as ''Carnirassë''.<ref>{{webcite|website=ELF|articlename=Dialogs in FotR|articleurl=http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_fotr.htm#spell|accessed=30 December 2018}}</ref>

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Pass of Caradhras, as well as the Redhorn Gate are featured in the region of [[Eregion]]. The snowstorms are very strong in this area, and an avalanche prevents further travel to the lands of the east.

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Mountains]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Caradhras]]
[[fi:Caradhras]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:monts_brumeux:caradhras]]

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John Livesey

Caradhras