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Aragorn II

2008-08-18T10:41:17Z

62.49.22.84: /* See also */

{{gondorian
| image=[[Image:John Howe - Elessar (Battlefields boardgame).jpg|250px]]
| name=Aragorn II
| othernames=[[Elessar]], [[Thorongil]] ([[Aragorn II#Names|see more below]])
| position=[[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] and King of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]
| birth=[[March 1]], [[Third Age 2931|T.A. 2931]]
| rule=[[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]] - [[Fourth Age 120|Fo.A. 120]]
| death=[[Fourth Age 120|Fo.A. 120]]
| gender=Male
| parentage=[[Arathorn II]] + [[Gilraen]]
| spouse=[[Arwen Undómiel]]
| children=[[Eldarion]], at least two daughters
}}{{Pronounce|Aragorn Elessar.mp3|Ardamir}}
<center>{{quote|Tall as the sea-kings of old, he stood above all that were near; ancient of days he seemed and yet in the flower of manhood; and wisdom sat upon his brow, and strength and healing were in his hands, and a light was about him.|''[[The Return of the King]]'', [[The Steward and the King]]}}</center>
'''Aragorn II''' ([[Third Age]] March 1, 2931 – [[Fourth Age]] 120, aged 210 years{{ref|1}}) was the son of [[Arathorn II]] and [[Gilraen]]. He was a [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] and a direct descendant through many generations of [[Isildur]], the last [[High King]] of both [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. Aragorn would become the greatest man of his time, leading the [[Men of the West]] against [[Sauron]]'s forces, helping to destroy the [[One Ring]], and reuniting the [[Reunited Kingdom|Kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor]].

==History==
===Early Life===
When Aragorn was two years old, his father was slain when a [[Orc]] arrow pierced his eye. As was the tradition of his people, Aragorn was fostered in [[Rivendell]] by [[Elrond]]. By Elrond's order, his identity was kept secret, as he feared he would be slain like his father and grandfather. Aragorn was named '''''[[Estel]]''''' ([[Sindarin]] for "Hope") instead, and was not told about his heritage until he came of age in [[Third Age 2951|2951]].

Elrond revealed to "Estel" his true name and ancestry in 2951, when Aragorn was twenty years old, and delivered to him the shards of [[Narsil]] and the [[Ring of Barahir]]. The next day, in the woods of Rivendell, Aragorn met and fell in love with [[Arwen Evenstar|Arwen]], daughter of Elrond, who had newly returned from [[Lórien in Middle-earth|Lórien]].
[[Image:Stephen Hickman - Aragorn and Arwen.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Aragorn and Arwen'' by [[Stephen Hickman]]]]

===Life as a Ranger===
Aragorn took up his proper name as Aragorn II, sixteenth of the Chieftains of the Dúnedain, and went into [[The Wild]].
In [[Third Age 2953|2953]] he was not present in Rivendell for the last meeting of the [[White Council]]. Aragorn met [[Gandalf the Grey]] in [[Third Age 2956|2956]], and they became great friends. At Gandalf's advice he started to become interested in the [[Shire]], and became known around the area as '''''Strider'''''.
[[Image:Catherine Chmiel - Ecthelion,Thorongil and Boromir study.jpg|thumb|200px|right|"Thorongil" with [[Ecthelion II]], by [[Catherine Karina Chmiel]]]]
From [[Third Age 2957|2957]] to [[Third Age 2980|2980]] Aragorn took great journeys, serving in the armies of King [[Thengel]] of [[Rohan]], and Steward [[Ecthelion II]] of Gondor. Many of his tasks weakened [[Sauron]] and his allies, which during the [[War of the Ring]] helped the West survive. His name in Gondor and Rohan was '''''Thorongil''''' (Sindarin for "Eagle of the Star"), and with a few Gondorian ships he led a [[Surprise Attack on Umbar|Surprise Attack on the Havens of Umbar]], destroying many of their ships and slaying its lord. He later left Gondor to travel into the far East and South "exploring the hearts of men good and evil" and learning about the "plots and devices" of the servants of the Dark Lord. Later in 2980 he was in [[Lothlórien]], and there once again met Arwen. He gave her the heirloom of his House, the [[Ring of Barahir]], and Arwen pledged her hand to him in marriage.

Elrond gave his foster-son permission to marry his daughter, on the condition that he must first become king of both Gondor and Arnor, for only a king would be worthy of Arwen's hand. This may seem a harsh condition, but it should be noted that it is significantly more lenient than the closest precedent, King [[Thingol]]'s request that [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] obtain a [[Silmaril]] from [[Morgoth]] before marrying his daughter [[Lúthien]].

==War of the Ring==
===Fellowship of the Ring and events preceding===
In the year [[Third Age 3001|3001]], as a now revealed [[Sauron]] continued to regain power in [[Mordor]], Aragorn began assisting [[Gandalf]] for news of [[Gollum]]. Gandalf suspected that the ring [[Bilbo Baggins]] found near Gollum's lake was in fact the [[One Ring]]. In [[Third Age 3018|3018]] after searching intermittently over the years, Aragorn finally overtakes Gollum in the [[Dead Marshes]] and takes him to Thranduil in Mirkwood to be held captive. He then returns west where he meets with Gandalf and learns of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo Baggins]]' plan to leave the shire with the ring.

Aragorn and his [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] kept watch over the border of the [[Shire]] waiting for sight of Frodo. While staying in [[Bree]], Aragorn crossed the paths of four hobbits in [[The Prancing Pony]]. Aragorn watched as the hobbits clumsily hid their names and intentions. He watched as [[Frodo Baggins]], the leader of the party, fell from a table and disappeared as he put the ring on. Aragorn, whose name was given as Strider, seemed to show no surprise, only annoyance at Frodo’s foolish vanishing act. He arranged for an interview that night, where he warned them of the [[Black Riders]] and [[Bill Ferny]], then bluntly requested that they use him as a guide. After some consideration, and a note given them by the forgetful [[Barliman Butterbur]] from Gandalf condoning him, Frodo agreed.

Aragorn’s plan to get to Rivendell was to head first toward [[Archet]] and bear right to [[Weathertop]]. After the [[Ambush at Weathertop]] and the wounding of Frodo, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] took over the position as leader of the Hobbits. After a while they met [[Glorfindel of Rivendell|Glorfindel]], a friend of Aragorn’s, and it was not much later that they arrived in Rivendell.
[[Image:Inger Edelfeldt - Death of Boromir.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Aragorn at the death of Boromir, by [[Inger Edelfeldt]]]]
Aragorn, when in Rivendell, switched cloaks from that of the Ranger to that of the Lord of the Dúnedain, the Elf-friend. He was elected as Gandalf’s second in the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], and served throughout their journeys together as his chief adviser.

Aragorn encouraged the taking of the [[Redhorn Pass]], which ended in disaster. He reluctantly conceded to Gandalf’s plan to pass through [[Moria]], though his sense of foresight warned him for Gandalf. Indeed, after Gandalf fell into the abyss with [[Durin’s Bane]], Aragorn was naturally elected leader of the company, despite some resentment by his companion [[Boromir (son of Denethor II)|Boromir]].

Aragorn again amazed the rest of the Fellowship by his apparent closeness to the people of [[Lothlórien]], and his friendship with [[Celeborn (Lord of Lórien)|Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]. Even at the [[Falls of Rauros]] he was undecided, leaving it to Frodo for the final decision. For though it was obvious he wished to go to [[Minas Tirith]] with Boromir, he yet felt that it was his duty to go where the [[Ringbearer]] chose.

===The early War of the Ring===

After Frodo escaped him and Boromir perished, he with the remaining members of the Fellowship, namely [[Legolas of Mirkwood|Legolas]] and [[Gimli Elf-friend|Gimli]], chose to try and save Merry and [[Pippin]] from the [[Uruk-hai]] that had ambushed them, forming the group that would later be known as the [[Three Hunters]].

He met [[Éomer]] in the fields of [[Rohan]], and an instant friendship formed, both feeling the honesty and lordliness of the other. Éomer took a risk for his sake, giving him horses, with the promise that one day soon Aragorn would return to [[Edoras]]. Aragorn, tracking the Hobbits, followed into Fangorn forest, where he met the resurrected [[Gandalf the White]]. After the restoration of [[Théoden]], he rode to [[Helm’s Deep]] to fight in the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. There he, alongside his new-found “brother” Éomer, and King Théoden, marshaled the defense against [[Saruman]]’s army. When the Hornburg's gate was going to fall to enemy forces, Aragorn and Théoden led a cavalry charge that raised the morale of the tired forces fighting within the fortress. His revealed majesty upon the battlements of the Hornburg as he waited for the dawn caused some of the [[Dunlendings|Wild men]] to pause and shudder, and he heralded the return of Gandalf with [[Erkenbrand]].

After Pippin’s terrifying experience with the [[Orthanc-stone]], Gandalf presented it in a formal manner to Aragorn, its rightful master, who hinted that it would be used by him eventually. After the departure of Gandalf and Pippin to Minas Tirith, he rode for a while longer with Théoden, meeting up with his friend [[Halbarad]] of the North, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], and a company of staunch and fearless Rangers. Elladan and Elrohir gave him a message from Elrond: "''The days are short. If thou art in haste, remember the [[Paths of the Dead]]''". Halbarad bore a gift from the Lady Arwen – the [[Standard of Elendil]]. Aragorn knew the path set before him.

===Return of the King===
A little while later Aragorn took his companions and his rangers and set out for [[Dunharrow]], departing from the King’s company. His course was clear: to take the Paths of the Dead, to summon the [[Dead Men]]. In Dunharrow, he met the lady [[Éowyn]], who had fallen in love with him. After making it clear that he could not accept her love, he turned towards the evil road with the dawn.

The [[Grey Company]] passed through the [[Dark Door]] and the [[Dwimorberg]], the Dead following, and coming at last to the [[Black Stone of Erech]], Aragorn summoned them to his aid. They drew their swords and blew their horns in answer, and swept down upon the [[Corsairs]] at [[Pelargir]] drove the mariners away. Aragorn released them, and took the [[Black Ships]] north to Minas Tirith, where the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] raged. The Standard of Elendil broke forth, and his Dúnedain swept down, giving the final blow to the army of [[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]]. The counterattacked army of [[Sauron]] crumbled utterly. But Aragorn did not enter the city.
[[Image:Luca Michelucci - 1999 - March.jpg|thumb|175px|left|The Black ships, by [[Luca Michelucci]]]]
Aragorn, furling his banner, appointed [[Imrahil]] the temporary lord of the City, as the law demanded. Eventually, however, Aragorn did come to the [[Houses of Healing]], where he tended and restored Merry, Éowyn, and [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]], in accordance with the prophecy “''The hands of the king are the hands of a healer, and so shall the rightful king be known''”. Aragorn then left the city, hooded and cloaked, and yet the people of Minas Tirith followed him, for they had heard rumors. Yet when in the morning they saw the banner of [[Dol Amroth]], they wondered if the Return of the King had been but a dream.

Aragorn held [[Last Debate|council]] with his trusted companions, namely Gandalf, Éomer, Imrahil, and Elrond’s sons – Halbarad had fallen in battle. He agreed to draw forth the forces of [[Mordor]] for the benefit of the [[Quest of the Ring]], and so arranged matters for the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. After the Destruction of the Ring in [[Orodruin]] and victory at the [[Morannon]], Aragorn returned at last in the triumphant manner that befitted his position. He was crowned at the gates of Minas Tirith, winning the hearts of the people of [[Gondor]]. Gandalf took him up the slopes of Mount [[Mindolluin]], and there Aragorn found the scion of [[Nimloth]], the symbol of his mastery of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]. He wedded Arwen on Midsummer's day of 3019, and then was forced to bid his old friends farewell. He turned back to his new kingdom as the [[Fourth Age]] dawned and the Ringbearers left the shores of Middle-earth forever.

===Reign as Elessar===

Aragorn ruled the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of Gondor and Arnor until year 120 of the [[Fourth Age]]. He died after 210 years of life and 122 years of rule. His wife Arwen, now mortal, gave up her life shortly afterwards in year 121, aged 2,901.

He founded the [[House of Telcontar]], and was succeeded by his son [[Eldarion]]. He also had a number of daughters, whose names were not recorded.

Through his ancestor Elendil, Aragorn was a descendant of the [[Númenóreans]], great [[Men]] who were granted long lives by the [[Valar]]. Though [[Númenor]] was destroyed, its people lived on as the [[Dúnedain]], and like their ancestors they too were long-lived. Thus Aragorn lived to a great age, finally passing on at 210 years.

==Etymology==
The name '''Aragorn''' has long been without a clear etymology. [[Ruth S. Noel]] and several others proposed "King of the Tree"{{ref|2}}, but [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] specifically said that this was not the case{{ref|3}}. [[David Salo]] deduces "Having Kingly Valor" {{ref|4}} from Tolkien's cryptic "'Kingly Valour (for so is that name interpreted)"{{ref|5}}. This is still the most often cited etymology; Robert Ireland's ''[[A Tolkien Dictionary]]'' gives the variation "Royal Zeal"{{ref|6}}. [[Carl F. Hostetter]] proposed the meanings "King of the Globe" or "King of the Hill" in his analysis of the [[King's Letter]]{{ref|7}}. In "Words, Phrases & Passages in ''The Lord of the Rings''", a late 1950's manuscript by Tolkien, the most clear, and apparently final, thoughts of Tolkien indicate the name means '''"Revered King"''', from ''[[aran]]'' "king" and ''ngorn'' "dreaded, revered"{{ref|8}}.

===Names and titles===
* Aragorn II - Aragorn's name as [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]. He was likely named after [[Aragorn I]].
* [[Thorongil]] - "Eagle of the Star", a pseudonym used in [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]].
* [[Elessar]] - The Elfstone, Aragorn's name as a king. Despite popular use as such, Aragorn was never known as "Aragorn Elessar", "Aragorn II Elessar" or "[[Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King|King Aragorn]]".
* Edhelharn - The [[Sindarin]] equivalent of Elessar, used in the King's Letter{{ref|9}}.
* [[Elfstone]] - The [[Common Speech]] version of the previous two.
* [[Estel]] - Usually glossed as "Hope", the concept ''estel'' more widely means "hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose".
* [[Strider]] - A sobriquet given by the men of [[Bree]]. Aragorn used it mockingly.
* [[Wingfoot]] - A honorary name given by [[Éomer]] after the pursuit of the [[Uruk-hai]] through the [[Eastemnet]].
* [[Telcontar]] - A [[Quenya]] form of "Strider", this was the name of Elessar's Royal House. It was not used independently.
* [[Isildur's Heir]] - A poetic address, as he was the heir of [[Isildur]].
* The Dúnadan - "[[Dúnedain|Man of the West]]", a name given by [[Bilbo Baggins]] when their friendship evolved.
* Longshanks - another, though less frequently used, sobriquet in Bree, ascribed to [[Bill Ferny]]. The legs of the [[Bree-men]] were shorter than the legs of the [[Dúnedain]].
* Arakorno - A rare Quenya form of Aragorn, which only appeared in a discussion about the words for Quenya "and"{{ref|10}}.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the earliest unpublished versions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' (see ''[[The History of The Lord of the Rings]]''), the character that later became Aragorn was called '''''[[Trotter]]''''' instead of Strider, and was a [[Hobbit]] instead of a [[Men|Man]]. He had wooden feet, because he had once traveled to Mordor and been tortured there.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery>
Image:Strider from Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings.jpg|Aragorn as portrayed in [[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]].
Image:Aragorn from Rankin-Bass' The Return of the King.jpg|Aragorn as portrayed in [[Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King]].
Image:Aragorn grimace.jpg|[[Viggo Mortensen]] as Aragorn in [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]].
</gallery>

In Ralph Bakshi's animated film [[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings|The Lord of the Rings]], Aragorn is voiced by [[John Hurt]]. Some critics have accused this character of looking too much like a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotypes_of_Native_Americans stereotype of a Native American].

In the [[Rankin/Bass]] animated version of [[Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King|The Return of the King]], Aragorn is voiced by [[Theodore Bikel]].

[[Robert Stephens]] provided the voice of Aragorn in [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|the 1981 radio series]].

In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], Aragorn is played by [[Viggo Mortensen]], though originally, [[Stuart Townsend]] was cast in the role. Townsend was deemed too young. Mortensen had just two weeks to train for his first scene, the standoff with the [[Nazgûl]] at [[Weathertop]]. Mortensen portrays Aragorn full of self-doubt; a change that was presumably made to fit him in the modern "anti-hero" jacket. He shows great trouble over the choice whether or not he should become king, whereas in the book, there is no doubt of his purpose to return as the king from the very first time his lineage is revealed.

'''See also:''' [http://dare.ubvu.vu.nl/bitstream/1871/10975/1/Aragorn_Final.pdf "Aragorn Seen Through Different Media"] by Connie Veugen, comparing the introduction of Strider in Ralph Bakshi's film, the radio play, Peter Jackson's film and Vivendi's [[Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring (game)|video game]] of ''The Fellowship of the Ring.

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | |EAR|y|ELW| | | | | | EAR=[[Eärendil the Mariner|Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | |GAL|y|CEL| | GAL=[[Galadriel]]|CEL=[[Celeborn, Lord of Lórien|Celeborn]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!|}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | |ROS| |RON|~|y|~|CLB| | | ROS=[[Elros]]|RON=[[Elrond]]|CLB=[[Celebrían]] }}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{familytree | | |KON| | | | | |!| | | | KON=[[Kings of Númenor]]}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{familytree | | |LOA| | | | | |!| | | LOA=Lords of [[Andúnië]]}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{familytree | | |ELE| | | | | |!| | | ELE=[[Elendil]]}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree |ISI| |ANA| | | |!| | | ISI=[[Isildur]]|ANA=[[Anárion son of Elendil|Anárion]]}}
{{familytree | |:| | | |:| | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree |KOA| |KOG| | | |!| | KOA=[[Kings of Arnor]]|KOG=[[Kings of Gondor]] }}
{{familytree | |:| | | |:| | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree | |:| | |EAN| | | |!| | | EAN=[[Eärnur]]}}
{{familytree |COD| | | | | | | |!| | COD=[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]}}
{{familytree | |:| | | | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{familytree |ART|~|y|~|GIL| |!| | ART=[[Arathorn II]]|GIL=[[Gilraen]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | }}
{{familytree | | | |ARA|~|y|~|ARW| | | ARA='''ARAGORN II'''|ARW=[[Arwen]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | }}
{{familytree | | | | |ELD| | |SDS| | ELD=[[Eldarion]]|SDS=''several daughters}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Notes ==
<div style="font-size: 80%">
# {{note|1}} ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix B]].
# {{note|2}} [[Ruth S. Noel]], ''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'', page 114.
# {{note|3}} ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 347]].
# {{note|4}} [[David Salo]], ''[[A Gateway to Sindarin]]'', page 341.
# {{note|5}} ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', Foreword, page xii.
# {{note|6}} Robert Ireland, ''[[A Tolkien Dictionary]]'', [http://www.quicksilver899.com/Tolkien/LOTR/LOTR_AC.html The Lord of the Rings A-C].
# {{note|7}} [[Carl F. Hostetter]], "The 'King's Letter': An Historical and Comparative Analysis", [[Vinyar Tengwar 31]], page 18.
# {{note|8}} [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Words, Phrases & Passages in 'The Lord of the Rings'", [[Parma Eldalamberon]] 17, page 113.
# {{note|9}} ''[[Sauron Defeated]]'', The Epilogue, page 128 and following.
# {{note|10}} [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Words, Phrases & Passages in 'The Lord of the Rings'", [[Parma Eldalamberon]] 17, page 71.
</div>
==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Aragorn|Images of Aragorn]]
*[[Timeline of Aragorn II|Timeline of Aragorn]]

{{sequence
|prev=[[Gandalf]]
|next=none
|list=Leader of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] [[January 15]] [[3019]] - [[February 16]] [[3019]]
}} 
{{sequence
|prev=[[Arathorn II]]
|next=none (abandoned)
|list=[[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] <code>III</code> 2933 – 3019
}} 
{{sequence
|prev=[[Eärnur]], 971 years earlier
|next=[[Eldarion]]
|list=[[King of Gondor]] <code>III</code> 3019 – <code>IV</code> 120
}} {{sequence
|prev=[[Arvedui]], 1,046 years earlier
|next=[[Eldarion]]
|list=[[King of Arnor]] <code>III</code> 3019 – <code>IV</code> 120
}} {{sequence
|prev=[[Isildur]], 3,017 years earlier
|next=[[Eldarion]]
|list=[[High King]] of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] <code>III</code> 3019 – <code>IV</code> 120
}} {{sequence
|prev=none
|next=[[Eldarion]]
|list=[[House of Telcontar]] <code>III</code> 3019 – <code>IV</code> 120
}}{{fellowship}}

[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Featured Articles]]

[[de:Aragorn II.]]

The History of Middle-earth Index

2008-07-08T17:14:58Z

62.49.22.84:

{{book|
title=The History of Middle-earth: Index|
image=[[Image:HoMEindex.jpg|225px]]|
author=[[Christopher Tolkien]], [[Helen Armstrong]]|
isbn=0007137435|
publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]], [[HarperCollins]]|
date=August 2002|
format=Paperback|
pages= 400|
amazon=http://www.amazon.com/History-Middle-earth-Christopher-Tolkien/dp/0007137435/ref=sr_11_1/002-4874231-7435249?ie=UTF8&qid=1181489484&sr=11-1|
amazonprice=
}}
'''The History of Middle-earth: Index''' is a complete index of the indices from all 12 volumes of [[The History of Middle-earth]]. The volume was compiled by [[Helen Armstrong]].

==1st edition==
* HarperCollins
* ISBN 0007137435.
* Paperback
* Cover illustration by [[John Howe]].

{{home}}

[[Category:Books|History of Middle-earth: Index]]

Template:Valar

2008-06-28T07:52:28Z

62.49.22.84:

{| style="margin:0 auto;" class="toccolours" align=center
|align=center colspan=2 style="background:#ccccff" | '''[[Valar]]'''
|-
! align=right | Lords: 
|style="font-size: 90%;" align=center |[[Manwë]] | [[Ulmo]] | [[Aulë]] | [[Oromë]] | [[Námo]] | [[Irmo]] | [[Tulkas]]
|-
! align=right | Queens: 
|style="font-size: 90%;" align=center |[[Varda]] | [[Yavanna]] | [[Nienna]] | [[Estë]] | [[Vairë]] | [[Vána]] | [[Nessa]]
|}

<noinclude>[[Category:Navigation templates]]</noinclude>

Rohan

2008-03-18T11:34:52Z

62.49.22.84: /* Important Rohirrim */

{{Kingdom
| image=[[Image:Rohan.gif|250px]]
| name=Rohan
| type = Monarchy
| headofstate = [[King of Rohan]]
| hidep=yes
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = [[Edoras]]
| language = [[Westron]]/[[Rohirric]]
| location= North of the [[White Mountains]], South of [[Fangorn Forest]]
| populous= Mostly [[Men]] (the [[Rohirrim]])
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = The people of [[Éothéod]]
| established = III 2510
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved =
| restored =
|}}
'''Rohan''' is the territory of the [[Rohirrim]], a people of herdsmen and some farmers on the northern borders of [[Gondor]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Well-known for their [[horses]] and cavalry, they are Gondor's most important ally.

Conceptualized as the "Horse kings of Rohan" allied with [[Mordor]] in early drafts of [[1939]], the Rohirrim took their final form in 1942 when the text of the Lord of the Rings was completed to about one third.

==Inspiration==
[[Image:WAR-ICONS Rohan.jpg|thumb|left|150px]]
Several aspects of Rohan's culture and history seem to be inspired by both Goths, Scandinavians and the medieval Anglo-Saxons.

Just like the Germanic Ostrogoths, Rohirric culture was a mounted culture. It had separated from the [[Northmen]], moved south, and had settled in close proximity with a civilization. In the Goths' case it was the Byzantine Empire and in the case of the Rohirrim, it was Gondor.

Especially Hervarar saga, with its [[Mirkwood]], Gothic horsemen and shieldmaidens, appears to have inspired Tolkien when creating the Rohirrim, although he exchanged the Gothic tongue with the Anglo-Saxon.

===Language===

Tolkien rendered Rohirric as Old English, but also included Scandinavian names, such as [[Westfold]]. Even words and phrases that were printed in Modern English showed a strong Anglo-Saxon influence. Old English was supposed to render an archaic form of [[Westron]], which was supposedly rendered by Modern English. This solution occurred to Tolkien in 1942, when he was searching for an explanation of the Eddaic name of the dwarves already published in [[The Hobbit]].

Rohirric nouns were pluralized with the suffix "-as", as were Old English nouns of the strong-masculine declension.

The Rohirrim used the Germanic patronymic "-ing". They called themselves the '''[[Eorlingas]]''', and [[Beorn]]'s people were the '''[[Beornings]]''', Scyld's people were the Scyldingas in Norse and Anglo-Saxon mythology.

[[Théoden]] was referred to as "Théoden King", rather than "King Théoden", just as Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon kings had the word "konungr"/"cyning" ("king") added after their names, e.g. ''Hervarðar konungr'', rather than before.

Many Rohirric names appear to be derived from Old English words. These include:

* '''Éothéod:''' from "eoh" ("war-horse") and "þeod" ("folk", "people", "nation")

* '''Gríma:''' possibly from "grima" ("mask", "helmet", "ghost")

* '''Eorl:''' from "eorl" ("nobleman")

* '''Théodred:''' from "þeod" ("folk", "people", "nation") and "ræd" ("counsel")

The antipathy between the Rohirrim and the [[Dunlendings]] resembles the historical tension between the Anglo-Saxon settlers of Britain and the native Celts.

== History ==
In the 1200s of the [[Third Age]] (T.A.), the Kings of Gondor made close alliances with the Northmen of [[Rhovanion]], a people akin to the [[Three Houses of the Edain]] (later the [[Dúnedain]]) from the [[First Age]].

In the 2000s, a remnant tribe of such Northmen calling itself the [[Éothéod]] moved from the valleys of [[Anduin]] to the north west of [[Mirkwood]], clearing out what remained of the recently defeated witch kingdom of [[Angmar]], east of the [[Misty Mountains]]. While there, some dispute arose between them and the dwarves over the treasure-hoard of [[Scatha]] the dragon.

Later, in 2509, [[Cirion]] the [[Steward of Gondor]] sent summons to the Éothéod for aid in throwing off a combined invasion of Men from the north east of Middle-earth, and [[Orcs]] from [[Mordor]].

[[Eorl the Young]], king of the Éothéod, answered the summons, and arrived unexpected at a decisive battle at the Field of Celebrant.

As a reward, Eorl was given the plains of [[Calenardhon]], and he moved his kingdom there. This land had earlier been part of Gondor proper, but had been devastated by the plague of 1636, and the survivors to a large extent slain in the invasion mentioned above.

The first line of kings lasted for 249 years, until the ninth king [[Helm Hammerhand]] died. His sons had been killed earlier, and his nephew [[Fréaláf Hildeson]] began the second line of kings, which lasted until the end of the Third Age.

In 2758, Rohan was invaded by [[Dunland|Dunlendings]] under Wulf, son of Freca, of mixed Dunland and Rohan blood. The King, Helm Hammerhand, took refuge in the Hornburg until aid from Gondor and [[Dunharrow]] (a refuge of the Rohirrim) arrived a year later and defeated the invaders.

It was soon after this that [[Saruman]] arrived and took over [[Isengard]], and was welcomed as a strong ally, since it would take Rohan close to 200 years to recover its strength after the invasion.

In 3014, Saruman began using his influence to weaken the King, [[Théoden]], as part of a campaign to invade or take over the kingdom. In 3019, he launched a full-scale invasion on Rohan, with victory in the two first battles (at the [[Fords of Isen]]; Théoden's son, [[Théodred]] was killed during these attacks) and defeat at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], where the [[Huorns]] came to the aid of the Rohirrim.

On the heels of this victory, [[Théoden]] rode with an army to [[Minas Tirith]] and helped break its siege in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], where he was slain. [[Éomer]], the nephew of King [[Théoden]], then took up the reign, beginning the third line. [[Éomer]] rode with the armies of [[Gondor]] to the gates of Mordor and took part in the final battle with the forces of [[Sauron]], who was defeated when the [[One Ring|Ruling Ring]] was destroyed.

The rule of the stewards of Gondor was now over. King Éomer and the new king of Gondor, [[Elessar]] (Aragorn), renewed their oath of alliance, and reaffirmed Cirion's grant of Calenardhon to the Rohirrim.

===See also===
[[Timeline]]

== Description ==

===Important places and the borders of Rohan===
The capital of Rohan is the hill fort of [[Edoras]] which lies on the slopes of the [[White Mountains]]. Another large city is '''Aldburg''', capital city of the Westfold and original city of Eorl the Young. Other cities must have existed but are not named.

A known recluse is [[Dunharrow]], even deeper in the White Mountains. One of the most impressive places in Rohan is the [[Hornburg]], a great fortress which is part of a chain of fortifications at [[Helm's Deep]].

The borders of Rohan are: the river [[Isen]] (in the west, bordering [[Saruman]]'s [[Isengard]]); the river [[Adorn]] (a tributary of Isen, also in the west, forming the border with the unfriendly [[Dunlendings]]); the White Mountains (in the south); the Mering Stream (in the southeast, the border between Rohan and Gondor); the Mouths of [[Entwash]] (in the east); and the [[Limlight]] (a tributary of the [[Anduin]], the northern border).

At the time of the War of the Ring, Rohan was roughly a third the size of Gondor, whose borders had slowly been shrinking for decades.

===Climate and countryside===
The countryside of Rohan is described as a land of pastures and lush tall grassland. It looks a lot like the Central Asian steppe or North American Great Plains, and its climate was also similar to these places. The lands of Rohan are frequently described as appearing like "seas of grass".

===The [[Rohirrim]] and their [[horses]]===
The Rohirrim are descendants of the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]]. They did not go to [[Beleriand]] like the Edain who were later rewarded with the island of [[Númenor]] by the [[Valar]]. The ancestors of the Rohirrim were known as the [[Éothéod]] and were given the province of Calenardhon by Gondor after the afore-mentioned Battle of the Field of Celebrant.

The Rohirrim are famous as skilled horsemen, masters and breeders. Among the horses of the Rohirrim are the famed [[Mearas]], the noblest and fastest horses who have ever roamed [[Arda]]; [[Shadowfax]] was the greatest of all Mearas. There were very few Mearas left in Middle-earth at this point, but there were enough that a breeding population was present. The armies of Rohan are almost exclusively cavalry, divided into irregular units termed [[éoreds]]. Rohan's armies were more of a very well trained militia called upon in times of war, with the actual standing army relatively small. The professional career-soldiers of Rohan may have been limited to the royal bodyguard at Edoras.

It was because of this close affiliation with horses, both in war and peace, that they received their now famous name. ''Rohirrim'' (or more properly ''Rochirrim'') is [[Sindarin]] for "Horse-lords," and ''Rohan'' (or ''Rochand'') meant "Land of the Horse-lords." These names were devised by Hallas, son of Cirion the Steward.

===Rohirric===
Rohirric is, like the languages of all [[Men]], akin to [[Adûnaic]], the language of the Edain. The Rohirrim call their homeland the ''Ridenna-mearc'', the ''Riddermark'' or ''Éo-marc'', the ''Horse-mark'', also simply the ''Mark'' and call themselves the ''Eorlingas'', the Sons of [[Eorl the Young|Eorl]].
In the original Rohirric the name for their land is ''Lôgrad'', with the element "lô-"/"loh-" corresponding to Anglo-Saxon "éo", horse.

Rohirric bears a similar relationship to the Common Speech of Middle-earth as that of Old English to modern English, and so Tolkien renders Rohirric names and phrases into Old English (Anglo-Saxon), just as the Common Speech is translated into English. Examples include words such as ''Mearas'' (Old English for horses) and ''éored''. Tolkien was a philologist, with a special interest in Germanic languages.

Many archaic [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] names bear similarities to Rohirric, since the ancestors of [[The Shire]] hobbits lived on the upper reaches of the [[Anduin]], close to the ancestors of the Rohirrim, and there was apparently a good deal of linguistic cross-fertilisation. The name ''Hobbit'' itself is believed to be derived from the Rohirric ''Holbytlan'' (hole builders). These names are also translations of the original Westron ''Kuduk'' (Hobbit) and Rohirric ''kûd-dûkan'' (hole dweller), of course.

== Politics ==

===Alliance with Gondor===
The alliance between Rohan and Gondor came into existence in the year 2510 of the [[Third Age]]. In that year the [[Easterlings]] launched a massive invasion of Gondor. The army of Gondor was defeated and trapped between the Limlight and the [[Celebrant]]. Gondor, which had always been on friendly terms with the different tribes of the [[Northmen]], sent messengers to the closest tribe, the [[Éothéod]]. Although it was unlikely that the message calling for aid would come through, it did. Then [[Eorl the Young]] and his fierce Éothéod Riders unexpectedly took the field during the Battle of Celebrant and turned the tide in the favour of Gondor. As a reward [[Cirion]], the [[Steward of Gondor]], gave Eorl the depopulated province of Calenardhon for his people to settle, while fulfilling Gondor's need for a strong ally. The [[Oath of Eorl]] was sworn by both Cirion and Eorl. Neither nation has ever broken the alliance ever since. Rohan has gone through great lengths to fulfil their part of the treaty including sacrificing two of its heirs when Gondor was under threat from the [[Haradrim]] in 2885, when [[Fastred, son of Folcwine|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]], the twin sons of King [[Folcwine]], were killed during the Battle of Crossings of [[Poros]]. King [[Théoden]] once again honoured the alliance in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].

===War with the Dunlendings===
To the west of Rohan lived the [[Dunlendings]], a native people who had been hostile against the Free Peoples for a long time. The Dunlending [[Wulf]] briefly usurped of the throne of Rohan during the long winter.

===Rumours of tributes paid to Sauron===
During the early days of the [[War of the Ring]], rumours were spread that the Rohirrim supplied Sauron's armies with horses. These rumours were obviously false: the Rohirrim valued their horses more than anything, and would never send them away, even as tribute. Still these rumours had some effect, in that they obscured the fact it was Saruman who had fallen, rather than Rohan. The basis of the rumour was that Sauron's [[Orcs]] on raids into Rohan stole their horses for use in Mordor's army, but this was outright theft that angered the Rohirrim against Sauron.

===Wormtongue===

When king Théoden began to grow old, he took as an advisor [[Gríma Wormtongue|Gríma]], later called ''Wormtongue''. Gríma quickly became Théoden's chief advisor, but unknown to all he was secretly working for Saruman. Gríma played on Théoden's fears to further weaken the strength of the king and all of Rohan, always advising retreat where an attack was needed. He may have also begun poisoning the king at this time. This nearly proved disastrous for Rohan, and also for Gondor, by robbing them of their strongest ally in the north. Gríma Wormtongue's plans were not revealed until [[Gandalf]] arrived in Edoras during the War of the Ring.

== Important Rohirrim ==

* [[Eorl the Young]]
* [[Helm Hammerhand]]
* [[Théoden]]
* [[Théodred]]
* [[Éomer]]
* [[Éowyn]]
* [[Gríma Wormtongue]]
* Various participants in the final wars

[[Category:Realms]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Rohan]]

Rohan

2008-03-18T11:34:40Z

62.49.22.84: /* Important Rohirrim */

{{Kingdom
| image=[[Image:Rohan.gif|250px]]
| name=Rohan
| type = Monarchy
| headofstate = [[King of Rohan]]
| hidep=yes
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = [[Edoras]]
| language = [[Westron]]/[[Rohirric]]
| location= North of the [[White Mountains]], South of [[Fangorn Forest]]
| populous= Mostly [[Men]] (the [[Rohirrim]])
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = The people of [[Éothéod]]
| established = III 2510
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved =
| restored =
|}}
'''Rohan''' is the territory of the [[Rohirrim]], a people of herdsmen and some farmers on the northern borders of [[Gondor]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Well-known for their [[horses]] and cavalry, they are Gondor's most important ally.

Conceptualized as the "Horse kings of Rohan" allied with [[Mordor]] in early drafts of [[1939]], the Rohirrim took their final form in 1942 when the text of the Lord of the Rings was completed to about one third.

==Inspiration==
[[Image:WAR-ICONS Rohan.jpg|thumb|left|150px]]
Several aspects of Rohan's culture and history seem to be inspired by both Goths, Scandinavians and the medieval Anglo-Saxons.

Just like the Germanic Ostrogoths, Rohirric culture was a mounted culture. It had separated from the [[Northmen]], moved south, and had settled in close proximity with a civilization. In the Goths' case it was the Byzantine Empire and in the case of the Rohirrim, it was Gondor.

Especially Hervarar saga, with its [[Mirkwood]], Gothic horsemen and shieldmaidens, appears to have inspired Tolkien when creating the Rohirrim, although he exchanged the Gothic tongue with the Anglo-Saxon.

===Language===

Tolkien rendered Rohirric as Old English, but also included Scandinavian names, such as [[Westfold]]. Even words and phrases that were printed in Modern English showed a strong Anglo-Saxon influence. Old English was supposed to render an archaic form of [[Westron]], which was supposedly rendered by Modern English. This solution occurred to Tolkien in 1942, when he was searching for an explanation of the Eddaic name of the dwarves already published in [[The Hobbit]].

Rohirric nouns were pluralized with the suffix "-as", as were Old English nouns of the strong-masculine declension.

The Rohirrim used the Germanic patronymic "-ing". They called themselves the '''[[Eorlingas]]''', and [[Beorn]]'s people were the '''[[Beornings]]''', Scyld's people were the Scyldingas in Norse and Anglo-Saxon mythology.

[[Théoden]] was referred to as "Théoden King", rather than "King Théoden", just as Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon kings had the word "konungr"/"cyning" ("king") added after their names, e.g. ''Hervarðar konungr'', rather than before.

Many Rohirric names appear to be derived from Old English words. These include:

* '''Éothéod:''' from "eoh" ("war-horse") and "þeod" ("folk", "people", "nation")

* '''Gríma:''' possibly from "grima" ("mask", "helmet", "ghost")

* '''Eorl:''' from "eorl" ("nobleman")

* '''Théodred:''' from "þeod" ("folk", "people", "nation") and "ræd" ("counsel")

The antipathy between the Rohirrim and the [[Dunlendings]] resembles the historical tension between the Anglo-Saxon settlers of Britain and the native Celts.

== History ==
In the 1200s of the [[Third Age]] (T.A.), the Kings of Gondor made close alliances with the Northmen of [[Rhovanion]], a people akin to the [[Three Houses of the Edain]] (later the [[Dúnedain]]) from the [[First Age]].

In the 2000s, a remnant tribe of such Northmen calling itself the [[Éothéod]] moved from the valleys of [[Anduin]] to the north west of [[Mirkwood]], clearing out what remained of the recently defeated witch kingdom of [[Angmar]], east of the [[Misty Mountains]]. While there, some dispute arose between them and the dwarves over the treasure-hoard of [[Scatha]] the dragon.

Later, in 2509, [[Cirion]] the [[Steward of Gondor]] sent summons to the Éothéod for aid in throwing off a combined invasion of Men from the north east of Middle-earth, and [[Orcs]] from [[Mordor]].

[[Eorl the Young]], king of the Éothéod, answered the summons, and arrived unexpected at a decisive battle at the Field of Celebrant.

As a reward, Eorl was given the plains of [[Calenardhon]], and he moved his kingdom there. This land had earlier been part of Gondor proper, but had been devastated by the plague of 1636, and the survivors to a large extent slain in the invasion mentioned above.

The first line of kings lasted for 249 years, until the ninth king [[Helm Hammerhand]] died. His sons had been killed earlier, and his nephew [[Fréaláf Hildeson]] began the second line of kings, which lasted until the end of the Third Age.

In 2758, Rohan was invaded by [[Dunland|Dunlendings]] under Wulf, son of Freca, of mixed Dunland and Rohan blood. The King, Helm Hammerhand, took refuge in the Hornburg until aid from Gondor and [[Dunharrow]] (a refuge of the Rohirrim) arrived a year later and defeated the invaders.

It was soon after this that [[Saruman]] arrived and took over [[Isengard]], and was welcomed as a strong ally, since it would take Rohan close to 200 years to recover its strength after the invasion.

In 3014, Saruman began using his influence to weaken the King, [[Théoden]], as part of a campaign to invade or take over the kingdom. In 3019, he launched a full-scale invasion on Rohan, with victory in the two first battles (at the [[Fords of Isen]]; Théoden's son, [[Théodred]] was killed during these attacks) and defeat at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], where the [[Huorns]] came to the aid of the Rohirrim.

On the heels of this victory, [[Théoden]] rode with an army to [[Minas Tirith]] and helped break its siege in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], where he was slain. [[Éomer]], the nephew of King [[Théoden]], then took up the reign, beginning the third line. [[Éomer]] rode with the armies of [[Gondor]] to the gates of Mordor and took part in the final battle with the forces of [[Sauron]], who was defeated when the [[One Ring|Ruling Ring]] was destroyed.

The rule of the stewards of Gondor was now over. King Éomer and the new king of Gondor, [[Elessar]] (Aragorn), renewed their oath of alliance, and reaffirmed Cirion's grant of Calenardhon to the Rohirrim.

===See also===
[[Timeline]]

== Description ==

===Important places and the borders of Rohan===
The capital of Rohan is the hill fort of [[Edoras]] which lies on the slopes of the [[White Mountains]]. Another large city is '''Aldburg''', capital city of the Westfold and original city of Eorl the Young. Other cities must have existed but are not named.

A known recluse is [[Dunharrow]], even deeper in the White Mountains. One of the most impressive places in Rohan is the [[Hornburg]], a great fortress which is part of a chain of fortifications at [[Helm's Deep]].

The borders of Rohan are: the river [[Isen]] (in the west, bordering [[Saruman]]'s [[Isengard]]); the river [[Adorn]] (a tributary of Isen, also in the west, forming the border with the unfriendly [[Dunlendings]]); the White Mountains (in the south); the Mering Stream (in the southeast, the border between Rohan and Gondor); the Mouths of [[Entwash]] (in the east); and the [[Limlight]] (a tributary of the [[Anduin]], the northern border).

At the time of the War of the Ring, Rohan was roughly a third the size of Gondor, whose borders had slowly been shrinking for decades.

===Climate and countryside===
The countryside of Rohan is described as a land of pastures and lush tall grassland. It looks a lot like the Central Asian steppe or North American Great Plains, and its climate was also similar to these places. The lands of Rohan are frequently described as appearing like "seas of grass".

===The [[Rohirrim]] and their [[horses]]===
The Rohirrim are descendants of the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]]. They did not go to [[Beleriand]] like the Edain who were later rewarded with the island of [[Númenor]] by the [[Valar]]. The ancestors of the Rohirrim were known as the [[Éothéod]] and were given the province of Calenardhon by Gondor after the afore-mentioned Battle of the Field of Celebrant.

The Rohirrim are famous as skilled horsemen, masters and breeders. Among the horses of the Rohirrim are the famed [[Mearas]], the noblest and fastest horses who have ever roamed [[Arda]]; [[Shadowfax]] was the greatest of all Mearas. There were very few Mearas left in Middle-earth at this point, but there were enough that a breeding population was present. The armies of Rohan are almost exclusively cavalry, divided into irregular units termed [[éoreds]]. Rohan's armies were more of a very well trained militia called upon in times of war, with the actual standing army relatively small. The professional career-soldiers of Rohan may have been limited to the royal bodyguard at Edoras.

It was because of this close affiliation with horses, both in war and peace, that they received their now famous name. ''Rohirrim'' (or more properly ''Rochirrim'') is [[Sindarin]] for "Horse-lords," and ''Rohan'' (or ''Rochand'') meant "Land of the Horse-lords." These names were devised by Hallas, son of Cirion the Steward.

===Rohirric===
Rohirric is, like the languages of all [[Men]], akin to [[Adûnaic]], the language of the Edain. The Rohirrim call their homeland the ''Ridenna-mearc'', the ''Riddermark'' or ''Éo-marc'', the ''Horse-mark'', also simply the ''Mark'' and call themselves the ''Eorlingas'', the Sons of [[Eorl the Young|Eorl]].
In the original Rohirric the name for their land is ''Lôgrad'', with the element "lô-"/"loh-" corresponding to Anglo-Saxon "éo", horse.

Rohirric bears a similar relationship to the Common Speech of Middle-earth as that of Old English to modern English, and so Tolkien renders Rohirric names and phrases into Old English (Anglo-Saxon), just as the Common Speech is translated into English. Examples include words such as ''Mearas'' (Old English for horses) and ''éored''. Tolkien was a philologist, with a special interest in Germanic languages.

Many archaic [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] names bear similarities to Rohirric, since the ancestors of [[The Shire]] hobbits lived on the upper reaches of the [[Anduin]], close to the ancestors of the Rohirrim, and there was apparently a good deal of linguistic cross-fertilisation. The name ''Hobbit'' itself is believed to be derived from the Rohirric ''Holbytlan'' (hole builders). These names are also translations of the original Westron ''Kuduk'' (Hobbit) and Rohirric ''kûd-dûkan'' (hole dweller), of course.

== Politics ==

===Alliance with Gondor===
The alliance between Rohan and Gondor came into existence in the year 2510 of the [[Third Age]]. In that year the [[Easterlings]] launched a massive invasion of Gondor. The army of Gondor was defeated and trapped between the Limlight and the [[Celebrant]]. Gondor, which had always been on friendly terms with the different tribes of the [[Northmen]], sent messengers to the closest tribe, the [[Éothéod]]. Although it was unlikely that the message calling for aid would come through, it did. Then [[Eorl the Young]] and his fierce Éothéod Riders unexpectedly took the field during the Battle of Celebrant and turned the tide in the favour of Gondor. As a reward [[Cirion]], the [[Steward of Gondor]], gave Eorl the depopulated province of Calenardhon for his people to settle, while fulfilling Gondor's need for a strong ally. The [[Oath of Eorl]] was sworn by both Cirion and Eorl. Neither nation has ever broken the alliance ever since. Rohan has gone through great lengths to fulfil their part of the treaty including sacrificing two of its heirs when Gondor was under threat from the [[Haradrim]] in 2885, when [[Fastred, son of Folcwine|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]], the twin sons of King [[Folcwine]], were killed during the Battle of Crossings of [[Poros]]. King [[Théoden]] once again honoured the alliance in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].

===War with the Dunlendings===
To the west of Rohan lived the [[Dunlendings]], a native people who had been hostile against the Free Peoples for a long time. The Dunlending [[Wulf]] briefly usurped of the throne of Rohan during the long winter.

===Rumours of tributes paid to Sauron===
During the early days of the [[War of the Ring]], rumours were spread that the Rohirrim supplied Sauron's armies with horses. These rumours were obviously false: the Rohirrim valued their horses more than anything, and would never send them away, even as tribute. Still these rumours had some effect, in that they obscured the fact it was Saruman who had fallen, rather than Rohan. The basis of the rumour was that Sauron's [[Orcs]] on raids into Rohan stole their horses for use in Mordor's army, but this was outright theft that angered the Rohirrim against Sauron.

===Wormtongue===

When king Théoden began to grow old, he took as an advisor [[Gríma Wormtongue|Gríma]], later called ''Wormtongue''. Gríma quickly became Théoden's chief advisor, but unknown to all he was secretly working for Saruman. Gríma played on Théoden's fears to further weaken the strength of the king and all of Rohan, always advising retreat where an attack was needed. He may have also begun poisoning the king at this time. This nearly proved disastrous for Rohan, and also for Gondor, by robbing them of their strongest ally in the north. Gríma Wormtongue's plans were not revealed until [[Gandalf]] arrived in Edoras during the War of the Ring.

== Important Rohirrim ==

* [[Eorl the Young]]
* [[Helm Hammerhand]]
* [[Théoden]]
* [[Théodred]]
* [[Éomer]]
* [[Éowyn]]
* [[Gríma Wormtongue]]
* Various participants in the final wars.

[[Category:Realms]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Rohan]]

Tolkien Gateway:Featured quotes/Archive

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=====14 April 2007 - Today =====
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a [[Hobbits|hobbit]]. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a [[Hobbit-holes|hobbit-hole]], and that means comfort.|[[The Hobbit]], [[An Unexpected Party]]}}

Tolkien Gateway:Featured quotes

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'''Featured quotes''' are quotes relevant to [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and his works which are found to be either insightful, witty, powerful, etc.

* [[Tolkien Gateway:Featured quotes/Nominations|Nominations]]
* [[Tolkien Gateway:Featured quotes/History|History]]
* [[Tolkien Gateway:Featured quotes/Queue|Queue]]

The Grey Havens (chapter)

2008-02-29T17:58:11Z

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{{rotkchapters}}
'''The Grey Havens''' is the nineth and final chapter, of the sixth and final book, of [[The Return of the King]], the final volume of [[The Lord of the Rings]].

===Summary===
[[The Shire]]’s brief police state overthrown, the [[Hobbits]] rebuild the villages of the region. [[Sam]] opens the box [[Galadriel]] gave him and finds a small silver seed, which he plants. In the [[Party Field]], a sacred tree springs up to replace the old one. Many children are born that year. [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]] become heroes in the Shire, but [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] quietly retires. That spring, Sam marries [[Rosie Cotton]], [[Farmer Cotton]]’s daughter, and they live at [[Bag End]] with Frodo.

Frodo decides to travel to [[Rivendell]] to see [[Bilbo]]. Frodo entrusts to Sam a history of the War, written in part by Bilbo. Frodo, Sam, and others set out. As they enter the [[Woody End]], they meet [[Elrond]] and [[Galadriel]], who now wear two of the [[Three Rings| Three Elven Rings]]. Riding slowly behind the two elves is Bilbo himself. Sam and Frodo accompany the travelers to the Great Sea. When they reach the gates of the Grey Havens, they find [[Gandalf]] waiting for them. Beyond him is a great white ship, ready to sail to the West across the sea.

Pippin and Merry appear, wishing to be present at Frodo’s departure. Frodo sadly bids farewell to his three friends and boards the ship. Gandalf entreats the three hobbits to enjoy each other’s friendship as they quietly return to the Shire. Sam enters his warm home, where he finds Rosie waiting. She puts their young daughter, [[Elanor]], in his lap, and Sam draws a deep breath and says, “Well, I’m back.”

Rotk

2008-02-29T17:20:11Z

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#REDIRECT [[The Return of the King]]

RoTK

2008-02-29T17:19:23Z

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#REDIRECT [[The Return of the King]]

TT

2008-02-29T17:17:26Z

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#REDIRECT [[The Two Towers]]

Tt

2008-02-29T17:17:13Z

62.49.22.84:

#REDIRECT [[The Two Towers]]

Ttt

2008-02-29T17:16:57Z

62.49.22.84:

#REDIRECT [[The Two Towers]]

TTT

2008-02-29T17:16:35Z

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#REDIRECT [[The Two Towers]]

FOTR

2008-02-29T17:14:45Z

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#REDIRECT [[The Fellowship of the Ring]]

FoTR

2008-02-29T17:14:27Z

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#REDIRECT [[The Fellowship of the Ring]]

Fotr

2008-02-29T17:14:03Z

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#REDIRECT [[The Fellowship of the Ring]]