Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Miruvor

2020-11-23T20:50:26Z

72.66.13.115:

{{quote|Yéni ve lintë yuldar avánier mi oromardi lisse-miruvóreva|[[Namárië]]}}
[[Image:John Howe - Miruvor.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Miruvor'']]
'''Miruvor''' and '''miruvórë''' was, or were, a type of cordial used by the [[Valar]] and the [[Elves]].

==History==
The miruvórë was the nectar of the [[Valar]] made from [[Yavanna]]'s flowers, poured during their festivals in [[Valinor]].<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}</ref> The Quenya word ''lisse-miruvóreva'' occurs in the "Lament" sung by [[Galadriel]] in "Farewell to Lórien"; it is translated "of the sweet mead''".<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>.

The name ''miruvor'' refers to a reviving cordial of the [[Elves]] in [[Rivendell]], a liquor with the power to grant renewed vigour and strength. Miruvor was clear and colourless, with a pleasant fragrance. It was possibly a different substance, an imitation, to ''miruvórë'', and perhaps named after it.

[[Elrond]] gave a flask of the "Cordial of Imladris" to [[Gandalf]] before the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Company of the Ring]] departed on their southward journey. Gandalf used this drink to revitalize themselves on [[Caradhras]].<ref>{{FR|II3}}</ref>

Other [[races]], such as the [[Dúnedain]] and even the [[Orcs]] possessed drinks with similar properties, but miruvor was known to be the most potent of these cordials.
==Etymology==
''miruvor'' is [[Sindarin]], said to be a "form taken by borrowed [[Quenya]] word" ''miruvórë'', generally held to mean "precious juice" or "thought of as precious drink (and largely of honey)" (cf. root [[WOR]]).<ref name=PE17/> The Quenya form also appears as ''miruvórë'', explained as "a special wine or cordial".<ref name=WJ/> These form were derived from [[Valarin]] ''[[mirubhōze]]''.<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, pp. 37-8</ref><ref name=WJ>{{WJ|AD1}}, p. 399</ref>
==Inspiration==
The invented word goes back to at least [[1915]]. In that early phase of the legendarium, [[Tolkien]] envisioned it as derived from real-life [[Gothic]] elements *''midu'' "mead" + ''wopeis'' "sweet" > miduwopi > miduwodi > misuwosi > Q. miruvore.<ref>{{PE|12}}, p. xi</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Drinks]]
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]

Miruvor

2020-11-23T20:48:46Z

72.66.13.115:

{{quote|Yéni ve lintë yuldar avánier mi oromardi lisse-miruvóreva|[[Namárië]]}}
[[Image:John Howe - Miruvor.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Miruvor'']]
'''Miruvor''' and '''miruvórë''' was, or were, a type of cordial used by the [[Valar]] and the [[Elves]].

==History==
The miruvórë was the nectar of the [[Valar]] made from [[Yavanna]]'s flowers, poured during their festivals in [[Valinor]].<ref>{{RGEO|Namarie}}</ref> The Quenya word ''lisse-miruvóreva'' occurs in the "Lament" sung by [[Galadriel]] in "Farewell to Lórien"; it is translated "of the sweet mead''".<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>, -eva being the Quenya possessive ending.

The name ''miruvor'' refers to a reviving cordial of the [[Elves]] in [[Rivendell]], a liquor with the power to grant renewed vigour and strength. Miruvor was clear and colourless, with a pleasant fragrance. It was possibly a different substance, an imitation, to ''miruvórë'', and perhaps named after it.

[[Elrond]] gave a flask of the "Cordial of Imladris" to [[Gandalf]] before the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Company of the Ring]] departed on their southward journey. Gandalf used this drink to revitalize themselves on [[Caradhras]].<ref>{{FR|II3}}</ref>

Other [[races]], such as the [[Dúnedain]] and even the [[Orcs]] possessed drinks with similar properties, but miruvor was known to be the most potent of these cordials.
==Etymology==
''miruvor'' is [[Sindarin]], said to be a "form taken by borrowed [[Quenya]] word" ''miruvórë'', generally held to mean "precious juice" or "thought of as precious drink (and largely of honey)" (cf. root [[WOR]]).<ref name=PE17/> The Quenya form also appears as ''miruvórë'', explained as "a special wine or cordial".<ref name=WJ/> These form were derived from [[Valarin]] ''[[mirubhōze]]''.<ref name=PE17>{{PE|17}}, pp. 37-8</ref><ref name=WJ>{{WJ|AD1}}, p. 399</ref>
==Inspiration==
The invented word goes back to at least [[1915]]. In that early phase of the legendarium, [[Tolkien]] envisioned it as derived from real-life [[Gothic]] elements *''midu'' "mead" + ''wopeis'' "sweet" > miduwopi > miduwodi > misuwosi > Q. miruvore.<ref>{{PE|12}}, p. xi</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Drinks]]
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]

Pinnath Gelin

2020-10-14T20:08:22Z

72.66.13.115:

{{location infobox
| name=Pinnath Gelin
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=Green Hills, Green Slopes, Green Downs
| location=Western [[Gondor]]
| type=Range of hills
| description=Hill-range, with unnamed settlements
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[War of the Ring]]
}}
The '''Pinnath Gelin''' or '''Green Hills''' was a fief in the far west of [[Gondor]], bounded to the west by the River [[Lefnui]], and to the east by the [[Morthond]].
==History==
At the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the lord of this region was [[Hirluin|Hirluin the Fair]]. He led three hundred of his soldiers to the defence of [[Minas Tirith]], all dressed in green.<ref name="MT">{{RK|MT}}</ref> Hirluin never went back to the Green Hills of his home - he was slain in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref name="BPF">{{RK|Battle}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Usually translated as '''Green Hills''',<ref name="MT"/> and sometimes as '''Green Downs''',<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 525 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref> the meaning of the name ''Pinnath Gelin'' would be actually closer to Green Ridges, Green Slopes or Green Crests. The first word was the dialectical [[Sindarin]] or [[Gondor Sindarin]] ''[[pinnath]]''. The second was a lenited version of the plural form of the word ''[[calen]]'', "green".<ref name="PE1724">{{PE|17}}, p. 24</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

Pinnath Gelin

2020-10-14T20:06:20Z

72.66.13.115:

{{location infobox
| name=Pinnath Gelin
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=Green Hills, Green Slopes, Green Downs
| location=Western [[Gondor]]
| type=Range of hills
| description=Hill-range, with unnamed settlements
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[War of the Ring]]
}}
The '''Pinnath Gelin''' or '''Green Hills''' was a fief in the far west of [[Gondor]], bounded to the west by the River [[Lefnui]], and to the east by the [[Morthond]].
==History==
At the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the lord of this region was [[Hirluin|Hirluin the Fair]]. He led three hundred of his soldiers to the defence of [[Minas Tirith]], all dressed in green.<ref name="MT">{{RK|MT}}</ref> Hirluin never went back to the Green Hills of his home - he was slain in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref name="BPF">{{RK|Battle}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Usually translated as '''Green Hills''',<ref name="MT"/> and sometimes as '''Green Downs''',<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 525 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref> the meaning of the name ''Pinnath Gelin'' would be actually closer to Green Ridges, Green Slopes or Green Crests. The first word was the dialectical [[Sindarin]] or [[Gondor Sindarin]] ''[[pinnath]]''. The second was the lenited version of the word ''[[calen]]'', "green".<ref name="PE1724">{{PE|17}}, p. 24</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

Eorl

2020-10-06T11:21:20Z

72.66.13.115: /* Life */

{{rohirrim infobox
| name=Eorl
| image=[[File:Jan Pospisil - Eorl the Young at Celebrant.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Eorl the Young at Celebrant" by [[:Category:Images by Jan Pospíšil|Jan Pospíšil]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''the Young''
| titles=[[Lord of the Éothéod]] [[King of Rohan]]
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Eorl]]
| language=[[Rohirric]] and [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2485}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2501}} - {{TA|2510}} (Lord) {{TA|2510}} - {{TA|2545}} (King)
| death={{TA|2545}}
| deathlocation=[[The Wold]]
| age=60
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Eorl]]
| parentage=[[Leod]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Brego]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Yellow<ref name="Eorl"/>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=[[Felaróf]]
}}
'''Eorl the Young''' ([[Third Age]] 2485 – 2545, aged 60 years) was the son of [[Léod]] of the [[Éothéod]], and founder of [[Rohan]].<ref name="Eorl">{{App|Eorl}}</ref>

==Life==
When Eorl was only 16 years old, his father was killed while trying to tame the horse [[Felaróf]], making Eorl [[Lord of the Éothéod]] at that young age. Young Eorl swore to avenge his father and managed to tame the horse. He "doomed" the horse to carry him for the rest of their lives, and the horse seemingly accepted this burden.<ref name="Eorl"/>

In {{TA|2510}}, [[Borondir|Borondir Udalraph]] came to the north seeking aid, as the [[South-kingdom]] was attacked by the [[Orcs]] and the [[Balchoth]]. On April 15th, Eorl came to the [[Field of Celebrant]], and joined the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant|battle]]. For his service to [[Gondor]], he was granted [[Calenardhon]] to dwell in. As a return, Eorl and his descendants would have to come to the aid of Gondor when they requested; this was known as the [[Oath of Eorl]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

Eorl ruled from a green hill under the [[White Mountains]].<ref name="Eorl"/>

Even in his older years Eorl never lost his yellow hair. He died in battle against the [[Easterlings]] in {{TA|2545}}. He was buried in the first royal mound, and Felaróf was buried with him.<ref name="Mark"/>

==Legacy==
Eorl was the founder of Rohan, its first King, the ancestor of the [[House of Eorl]] and all the [[Kings of Rohan]]. His horse Felaróf was the first of the [[Mearas]].

Eorl was known as "the Young" because he became [[Lord of the Éothéod]] at the age of 16 and because he never lost his yellow hair.

His Oath would be answered at least twice: once by [[Folcred]] and [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]], and once by [[Théoden|Théoden Ednew]].<ref name="Mark">{{App|Mark}}</ref>

==Etymology==
'''Eorl''' is an Old English word that can be roughly translated as "one of the nobility, earl". It was the highest of the ranks in North Germanic culture, not introduced to Britain until the late 9th century. The title was known as ''jarl'' in Old Norse,<ref>[[Wikipedia:Jarl in Sweden|Jarl in Sweden]] at [[wikipedia:Main Page|Wikipedia]] </ref> and because of that, the [[Þórsteinn Thorarensen]] used this throughout his Icelandic translation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', along with [[Helm|Hjálmur]], [[Thengel|Þengill]], [[Théoden|Þjódan]] and [[Éomer|Jómar]].<ref>[[Arden R. Smith]], ''Transitions in Translations: Upphaflega íslensk heiti'', published in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42]], pages 35-37</ref>

:Compare ''[[Ceorl]]'', the second rank.

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | FRA | | | | |FRA=[[Fram]] ''fl. c. {{TA|2000}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | LEO | | | | |LEO=[[Léod]] ''{{TA|2459|n}} - {{TA|2501|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | EOR | | | | |EOR='''EORL''' ''{{TA|2485|n}} - {{TA|2545|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | BRE | | | | |BRE=[[Brego]] ''{{TA|2512|n}} - {{TA|2570|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | BAL | | ALD | | EOF |BAL=[[Baldor]] ''d. {{TA|2570|n}}''†|ALD=[[Aldor]] ''{{TA|2544|n}} - {{TA|2645|n}}''|EOF=[[Eofor]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Eorl.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Eorl in ''The Lord of the Rings Online'']]
'''2020: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Eorl appears in a series of flashbacks narrating the history of the [[Eotheod]]. Additionally, he is depicted on tapestries found throughout Rohan. A statue of Eorl and Cirion is erected near the site of their first meeting.

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=rohirrim
| house=House of Eorl
| born={{TA|2485}}
| died={{TA|2545}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Léod]]
| list=[[Lord of the Éothéod]]
| dates={{TA|2501}} – {{TA|2510|n}}
| nvac=None
| next=Himself as [[King of Rohan|King]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| next=Himself as [[Lord of the Éothéod]]
| list=1st [[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]
| dates={{TA|2510}} – {{TA|2545|n}}
| next=[[Brego]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rohankings}}
[[Category:Éothéod]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Rulers of Rohan]]
[[Category:Rulers of the Éothéod]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Eorl]]
[[fi:Eorl]]

Eorl

2020-10-06T02:52:13Z

72.66.13.115: /* Life */

{{rohirrim infobox
| name=Eorl
| image=[[File:Jan Pospisil - Eorl the Young at Celebrant.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Eorl the Young at Celebrant" by [[:Category:Images by Jan Pospíšil|Jan Pospíšil]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''the Young''
| titles=[[Lord of the Éothéod]] [[King of Rohan]]
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Eorl]]
| language=[[Rohirric]] and [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2485}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2501}} - {{TA|2510}} (Lord) {{TA|2510}} - {{TA|2545}} (King)
| death={{TA|2545}}
| deathlocation=[[The Wold]]
| age=60
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Eorl]]
| parentage=[[Leod]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Brego]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Yellow<ref name="Eorl"/>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=[[Felaróf]]
}}
'''Eorl the Young''' ([[Third Age]] 2485 – 2545, aged 60 years) was the son of [[Léod]] of the [[Éothéod]], and founder of [[Rohan]].<ref name="Eorl">{{App|Eorl}}</ref>

==Life==
When Eorl was only 16 years old, his father was killed while trying to tame the horse [[Felaróf]], making Eorl [[Lord of the Éothéod]] at that young age. Young Eorl swore to avenge his father and managed to tame him. He "doomed" the horse to carry him for the rest of their lives, and the horse seemingly accepted this burden.<ref name="Eorl"/>

In {{TA|2510}}, [[Borondir|Borondir Udalraph]] came to the north seeking aid, as the [[South-kingdom]] was attacked by the [[Orcs]] and the [[Balchoth]]. On April 15th, Eorl came to the [[Field of Celebrant]], and joined the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant|battle]]. For his service to [[Gondor]], he was granted [[Calenardhon]] to dwell in. As a return, Eorl and his descendants would have to come to the aid of Gondor when they requested; this was known as the [[Oath of Eorl]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

Eorl ruled from a green hill under the [[White Mountains]].<ref name="Eorl"/>

Even in his older years Eorl never lost his yellow hair. He died in battle against the [[Easterlings]] in {{TA|2545}}. He was buried in the first royal mound, and Felaróf was buried with him.<ref name="Mark"/>

==Legacy==
Eorl was the founder of Rohan, its first King, the ancestor of the [[House of Eorl]] and all the [[Kings of Rohan]]. His horse Felaróf was the first of the [[Mearas]].

Eorl was known as "the Young" because he became [[Lord of the Éothéod]] at the age of 16 and because he never lost his yellow hair.

His Oath would be answered at least twice: once by [[Folcred]] and [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]], and once by [[Théoden|Théoden Ednew]].<ref name="Mark">{{App|Mark}}</ref>

==Etymology==
'''Eorl''' is an Old English word that can be roughly translated as "one of the nobility, earl". It was the highest of the ranks in North Germanic culture, not introduced to Britain until the late 9th century. The title was known as ''jarl'' in Old Norse,<ref>[[Wikipedia:Jarl in Sweden|Jarl in Sweden]] at [[wikipedia:Main Page|Wikipedia]] </ref> and because of that, the [[Þórsteinn Thorarensen]] used this throughout his Icelandic translation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', along with [[Helm|Hjálmur]], [[Thengel|Þengill]], [[Théoden|Þjódan]] and [[Éomer|Jómar]].<ref>[[Arden R. Smith]], ''Transitions in Translations: Upphaflega íslensk heiti'', published in [[Vinyar Tengwar 42]], pages 35-37</ref>

:Compare ''[[Ceorl]]'', the second rank.

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | FRA | | | | |FRA=[[Fram]] ''fl. c. {{TA|2000}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | LEO | | | | |LEO=[[Léod]] ''{{TA|2459|n}} - {{TA|2501|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | EOR | | | | |EOR='''EORL''' ''{{TA|2485|n}} - {{TA|2545|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | BRE | | | | |BRE=[[Brego]] ''{{TA|2512|n}} - {{TA|2570|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | BAL | | ALD | | EOF |BAL=[[Baldor]] ''d. {{TA|2570|n}}''†|ALD=[[Aldor]] ''{{TA|2544|n}} - {{TA|2645|n}}''|EOF=[[Eofor]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Eorl.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Eorl in ''The Lord of the Rings Online'']]
'''2020: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Eorl appears in a series of flashbacks narrating the history of the [[Eotheod]]. Additionally, he is depicted on tapestries found throughout Rohan. A statue of Eorl and Cirion is erected near the site of their first meeting.

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=rohirrim
| house=House of Eorl
| born={{TA|2485}}
| died={{TA|2545}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Léod]]
| list=[[Lord of the Éothéod]]
| dates={{TA|2501}} – {{TA|2510|n}}
| nvac=None
| next=Himself as [[King of Rohan|King]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| next=Himself as [[Lord of the Éothéod]]
| list=1st [[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]
| dates={{TA|2510}} – {{TA|2545|n}}
| next=[[Brego]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rohankings}}
[[Category:Éothéod]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Rulers of Rohan]]
[[Category:Rulers of the Éothéod]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Eorl]]
[[fi:Eorl]]

Heathertoes Family

2020-10-04T18:44:18Z

72.66.13.115:

'''Heathertoes''' was one of the strange botanical names preferred by the people of [[Bree]].

==Etymology==
While ''heather'' is an element that appears in English real-life surnames, Heathertoes has no parallel in English.

Tolkien suggested that the name refers to a joke of the [[Big Folk]] for the [[Little Folk]], who walked bootless and collected heather, twigs and leaves between their toes.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 759</ref> The name [["Pickthorn"]] could be explained as a similar joke, meaning that barefoot Hobbits would be constantly picking thorns out of their feet. But "little Tom Pickthorn from over the Hill" is also described in "Homeward Bound" as a Man who was killed fighting ruffians.

==Men or Hobbits?==
The above etymology implies that "Heathertoes" was a name given to Hobbits by Men. However in the narrative the name is listed among those used by the [[Men]],<ref>{{FR|I9}}</ref> and [[Mat Heathertoes]], who is named as one of the casualties of Bree during fighting there, is listed among Men rather than Hobbits.<ref>{{RK|VI7}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Bree-men]]
[[de:Malte Heidezehen]]
[[fi:Vaiverovarvas]]

Pickthorn Family

2020-10-04T18:27:51Z

72.66.13.115:

'''Pickthorn''' was the surname of a family of [[Men of Bree|Bree-men]].<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}</ref> "Little Tom Pickthorn from over the Hill" was one of the three Men of Bree killed fighting ruffians during the winter of 1418-1419.

{{references}}
[[Category:Bree-men]]
[[Category:Mannish families]]
[[fi:Piikkiäinen]]

Reckoning of Years

2020-10-01T19:33:40Z

72.66.13.115:

The '''''Reckoning of Years''''' was a book written by [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry Brandybuck]] sometime after the [[War of the Ring]]. In this work Merry discussed the relation of the calendars of [[Shire Calendar|the Shire]] and [[Bree Calendar|Bree]] to those of [[Reckoning of Rivendell|Rivendell]], [[New Reckoning|Gondor]], and [[Rohan]]. This book was one of the important tomes kept in the library of [[Bucklebury]].<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref> Tolkien likely intended this work to be taken as the source for the information in "[[Appendix D]]" of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. "Reckoning of Years" is a rendering into English of ''De Temporum Ratione'', the title of an important treatise on astronomy and timekeeping by the seventh-century English monk Bede. This work is the sole source of the Anglo-Saxon names of the months of the year, which Tolkien adapted for the [[Shire calendar]].
{{References}}

[[Category:Books and documents within the legendarium]]
[[de:Jahreszählung]]
[[fi:Ajan laskeminen]]

Éomund

2020-09-30T01:23:48Z

72.66.13.115: /* History */

{{disambig-two|the father of [[Éomer]] and [[Éowyn]]|earlier Captain of the [[Éothéod]]|[[Éomund (Captain of the Éothéod)]]}}
{{rohirrim infobox
| name=Éomund
| image=[[File:Katherine Dinger - Eomund.png|250px]]
| caption="Eomund" by [[:Category:Images by Katherine Dinger|Katherine Dinger]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=Lord of [[Aldburg]]
| position=[[Marshal of the Mark|First Marshal of the Mark]]
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohirric]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{TA|3002}}
| deathlocation=[[Emyn Muil]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Eorl]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Théodwyn]]
| children=[[Éomer]] and [[Éowyn]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Éomund''' was the [[Lord of Aldburg]] and a [[Marshal of the Mark]].
==History==
Éomund was a descendant of [[Eofor]], and dwelt in [[Aldburg]] in the [[Eastfold]].<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref> He married [[Théodwyn]], the sister of the later King [[Théoden]]. Their children were [[Éomer]] and [[Éowyn]], who were each to play a great part in the [[War of the Ring]].

He was the marshal in charge of the east marches, active in defending the horse-herds of the region against increasing raids by [[Orcs]]. He was killed in {{TA|3002}}, while pursuing such a raid, by a large force that lay in ambush in the [[Emyn Muil]]. Théodwyn grew ill and died shortly after, and their children were raised by Théoden.<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | EOR | | | |EOR=[[Eorl|Eorl the Young]] ''{{TA|2485|n}} - {{TA|2545|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | BRE | | | |BRE=[[Brego]] ''{{TA|2512|n}} - {{TA|2570|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | ALD | | | | EOF |ALD=[[Aldor]] ''{{TA|2544|n}} - {{TA|2645|n}}''|EOF=[[Eofor]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | |:| | | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | | | | KIN | | | | |:| |KIN=''[[Kings of Rohan|Kings of Rohan]]''}}
{{familytree | | | | |:| | | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | | | | THE | | | | |:| |THE=[[Thengel]] ''{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | | THE | | THD |y| EOM |THE=[[Théoden]] ''{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''|THD=[[Théodwyn]] ''{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}''|EOM='''ÉOMUND''' ''d. {{TA|3002|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | THE | | EOM | | EOW |THE=[[Théodred]] ''{{TA|2978|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''|EOM=[[Éomer]] ''{{TA|2991|n}} - {{FoA|63}}''|EOW=[[Éowyn]] ''b. {{TA|2995|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | ELF | | ELB |ELF=[[Elfwine]] ''unknown''|ELB=[[Elboron]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Etymology==
The name ''Éomund'' consist of [[Old English]] ''[[Wiktionary:eoh|eoh]]'' ("war-horse, charger") + ''[[Wiktionary:mund#Old_English|mund]]'' ("protector").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 367-8</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eomund}}
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Éomund von Ostfold]]
[[fi:Éomund (Markin suurmarsalkka)]]

Walda

2020-09-30T00:55:30Z

72.66.13.115: /* History */

{{rohirrim infobox
| name=Walda
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[King of Rohan]]
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohirric]] and [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2780}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2842}} - {{TA|2851|n}}
| death={{TA|2851}}
| deathlocation=[[Dunharrow]]
| age=71
| notablefor=
| house=House of Eorl
| parentage=[[Brytta|Brytta Léofa]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Folca]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Walda''' ([[Third Age]] {{TA|2780|n}} – {{TA|2851|n}}, aged 71 years) was the twelfth [[King of Rohan]].
==History==
Walda was the son of [[Brytta|Brytta Léofa]]. He served in his father's army fighting off the [[Orcs]] which had attempted to invade [[Rohan]] during Brytta's reign.

He became king after the death of his father in {{TA|2842}} and at the time of his coronation it was believed Rohan had been freed of them. However, some Orcs remained, and in {{TA|2851|n}} after ruling just nine years he was killed by an Orc in the mountains near [[Dunharrow]]. His son [[Folca]] succeeded and avenged him.<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref>

==Etymology==
In [[Old English]], Walda means "ruler".

==Other versions of the legendarium==
His death date is recorded in [[Appendix A]] as {{TA|2851}} but in [[Appendix B]] as {{TA|2861|n}}.

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | FRE |FRE=[[Fréaláf|Fréaláf Hildeson]] ''{{TA|2726|n}} - {{TA|2798|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | BRY |BRY=[[Brytta|Brytta Léofa]] ''{{TA|2752|n}} - {{TA|2842|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | WAL |WAL='''WALDA''' ''{{TA|2780|n}} - {{TA|2851|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | FOL |FOL=[[Folca]] ''{{TA|2804|n}} - {{TA|2864|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | FOL |FOL=[[Folcwine]] ''{{TA|2830|n}} - {{TA|2903|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=rohirrim
| house=House of Eorl
| born={{TA|2780}}
| died={{TA|2851}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Brytta]]
| list=12th [[King of Rohan]]
| dates={{TA|2842}} – {{TA|2851|n}}
| next=[[Folca]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rohankings}}
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Rulers of Rohan]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Walda]]
[[fi:Walda]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/walda]]

Brytta

2020-09-30T00:50:33Z

72.66.13.115: /* Etymology */

{{rohirrim infobox
| name=Brytta
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=''Léofa''
| titles=[[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohirric]] and [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2752}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2798}} – {{TA|2842|n}} (44 years)
| death={{TA|2842}}
| deathlocation=
| age=90
| notablefor=
| house=House of Eorl
| parentage=[[Fréaláf|Fréaláf Hildeson]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Walda]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}'''Brytta Léofa''' ([[Third Age]] {{TA|2752|n}} – {{TA|2842|n}}, aged 90 years) was the eleventh [[King of Rohan]].

==History==

Brytta was the son of [[Fréaláf|Fréaláf Hildeson]], and became king after the death of his father in {{TA|2798}}.

During his reign Rohan was still recovering from the war with the [[Dunlendings]], and hostilities remained at the western borders. Brytta continued his father's habits of helping those in need, earning him the name "Léofa".

Asides from the troubles with the Dunlendings his rule saw a new trouble, as the [[Battle of Azanulbizar|final battle]] of the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] caused great numbers of [[Orcs]] to flee from the [[Misty Mountains]], trying to make a home in the [[White Mountains]] south of Rohan. Brytta fought them off, and when he died it was believed Rohan was free of those intruders.

He ruled for 44 years, and was succeeded by his son [[Walda]] at his death in 2842.<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Brytta means "distributor" in [[Old English]]. In poetry it is frequently found in epithets for a prince or lord. For instance, in line 352 of [[Beowulf]], the Danish king Hrothgar is called ''béaga bryttan'', "giver of rings." Brytta's nickname Léofa means "beloved".

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | GRA | | |GRA=[[Gram]] ''{{TA|2668|n}} - {{TA|2741|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | HEL | | HIL |HEL=[[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] ''{{TA|2691|n}} - {{TA|2759|n}}''†|HIL=[[Hild]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|(| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | HAL | | HAM | | DAU | | FRE |HAL=[[Haleth (son of Helm)|Haleth]] ''d. {{TA|2758|n}}''†|HAM=[[Háma (son of Helm)|Háma]] ''d. {{TA|2759|n}}''†|DAU=''daughter'' ''unknown''|FRE=[[Fréaláf|Fréaláf Hildeson]] ''{{TA|2726|n}} - {{TA|2798|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRY |BRY='''BRYTTA LÉOFA''' ''{{TA|2752|n}} - {{TA|2842|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | WAL |WAL=[[Walda]] ''{{TA|2780|n}} - {{TA|2851|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | FOL |FOL=[[Folca]] ''{{TA|2804|n}} - {{TA|2864|n}}''†}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{References}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=rohirrim
| house=House of Eorl
| born={{TA|2752}}
| died={{TA|2842}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Fréaláf]]
| list=11th [[King of Rohan]]
| dates={{TA|2798}} – {{TA|2842|n}}
| next=[[Walda]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rohankings}}
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Rulers of Rohan]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Brytta]]
[[fi:Brytta]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:3a:hommes_du_nord:rohirrim:brytta]]

Andwise Roper

2020-09-29T03:03:27Z

72.66.13.115: /* History */

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Andwise Roper
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=Andy
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Tighfield]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{SR|1323}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Gamgee Family|Gamgee]]
| parentage=[[Hobson|Hobson "Roper" Gamgee]]
| siblings=[[Gaffer Gamgee|Hamfast]], [[May (hobbit)|May]] and [[Halfred of Overhill|Halfred]]
| spouse=
| children=[[Anson Roper]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Andwise "Andy" Roper''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]].

==History==
Andwise was the son of [[Hobson|Hobson "Roper" Gamgee]], an older brother of [[Gaffer Gamgee|Hamfast Gamgee]]. Whereas his brother became a gardner, Andwise inherited the family [[Wikipedia:ropewalk|ropewalk]] in [[Tighfield]],<ref>{{FR|Lorien}}</ref><ref>{{TT|Taming}}</ref> and continued the family trade. He left his ropewalk to his son [[Anson Roper|Anson]] after his death, founding the [[Roper Family]].<ref name="Gamgee">{{App|Gamgee}}</ref> [[Sam Gamgee]] mentions his "Uncle Andy" twice, in the chapters "Lóthlorien" and "The Taming of Smeagol."

==Etymology==
The name comes from [[Old English]] ''andwīs'' which means "expert, skilful".<ref>{{HM|IE}}, "Giving of Names"</ref>
{{references}}

[[Category:Gamgee]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Roper]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Andweis Seiler]]
[[fi:Andvais Gamgi]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hobbits/cordier/andwise_cordier]]

Gaffer Gamgee

2020-09-29T02:58:12Z

72.66.13.115: /* Etymology */

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Hamfast Gamgee
| image=[[Image:Stephen Hickman - Gaffer Gamgee and the Black Rider.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Gaffer Gamgee and the Black Rider" by [[Stephen Hickman]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Gaffer, Old Gamgee, [[Ranugad]] [[Galbasi]]
| titles=
| position=Gardener
| location=[[Hobbiton]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{SR|1326}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{SR|1428}}<ref group=note>''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'' gives {{FoA|8}}</ref>
| deathlocation=
| age=102
| notablefor=
| family=[[Gamgee Family|Gamgee]]
| parentage=[[Hobson|Hobson Gamgee]]
| siblings=[[Andwise Roper]], [[May (hobbit)|May]] and [[Halfred of Overhill]]
| spouse=
| children=[[Hamson Gamgee|Hamson]], [[Halfred Gamgee|Halfred]], [[Daisy Gamgee|Daisy]], [[May Gamgee|May]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] and [[Marigold Gamgee|Marigold]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=In later life, grey
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Elves and Dragons! Cabbages and potatoes are better for me and you.|[[Gaffer Gamgee|The Gaffer]]<ref>{{FR|Party}}</ref>}}
'''Hamfast Gamgee''', better known as '''the Gaffer''', was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]], and the father of [[Samwise Gamgee]].
==History==

Hamfast was born in {{TA|2926}}, the third son of [[Hobson|Hobson Gamgee]], who was a roper by trade.He had siblings [[Andwise Roper]], [[May (hobbit)|May]] and [[Halfred of Overhill]]. (yet his mother is unknown)<ref name="Gamgee">{{App|Gamgee}}</ref>

He entered the service of his relative, [[Holman Greenhand]], and became a gardener. One of his first jobs was tending the garden of [[Bag End]]. On [[22 June]], {{TA|2942}}, he and Holman tried frantically to keep the garden in order during the auction of the presumed-dead [[Bilbo Baggins]]. It is likely that at this time he already lived at Number 3, [[Bagshot Row]].

Hamfast became a gardener in his own right in about {{TA|2960}}<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 187</ref>, and a local expert on [[potatoes]]. He married [[Bell Gamgee|Bell Goodchild]], and they had six children: [[Hamson Gamgee|Hamson]], [[Halfred Gamgee|Halfred]], [[Daisy Gamgee|Daisy]], [[May Gamgee|May]], Samwise and [[Marigold Gamgee|Marigold]].<ref name="Gamgee"/> Sam became Hamfast's apprentice.

Sam took over most of his father's work, who had become too old for the laborous work. He became known as the "Gaffer", a name Sam uses more often than "Hamfast".

Prior to the [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Farewell Party]], the Gaffer entertained a crowd at the [[Ivy Bush]]. Always a man of loquacity and knowledge, he argued with [[Sandyman]], [[Old Noakes]] and Ham's neighbor [[Daddy Twofoot]] about the [[Baggins Family|Bagginses]] and the [[Sackville-Baggins Family|Sackville-Bagginses]].

On [[23 September]], {{TA|3018}}, the night of the departure of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and Sam from the Shire, [[Khamûl]], one of the [[Nazgûl]] rode up the lane, and asked the elderly hobbit about "[[Baggins Family|Baggins]]". A week later, he was visited by [[Gandalf]] who also informed about Frodo's whereabouts.<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref><ref>{{App|B3}}</ref>

When [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins|Lotho]] and eventually [[Sharkey]] took over the Shire, the Gaffer was evicted from Bagshot Row.<ref>{{RK|Scouring}}</ref> After the [[Battle of Bywater]], in which he only had a marginal role, he moved back into the newly restored [[New Row]], while Sam moved into Bag End. He was looked after by the [[Widow Rumble]], and died in [[Fourth Age 7]].<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref>

His son, Sam, named his seventh child [[Hamfast Gardner|Hamfast]] after his father.<ref name="Gamgee"/>

==Etymology==
The name ''Hamfast'' is a modernization of Old English ''hám-fæst'', meaning "Stay-at-home", or literally, "Home-fast". It is a translation of his [[Westron]] name, [[Ranugad]] [[Galbasi]].<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref> In the [[King's Letter]], the name (referring to [[Hamfast Gardner]], the fourth son of Sam and Rose, not the Gaffer) is translated into [[Sindarin]] as [[Baravorn]].<ref>{{SD|Epilogue}}</ref>

"[[Wiktionary:gaffer|Gaffer]]" is a colloquial word for "old man". It is a contraction of "grandfather."

==In other stories==
In the illustrated short story ''[[Mr. Bliss]]'', there is a resident in the village named Gaffer Gamgee who struggles to listen to the discussion between Mr Binks and Sergeant [[Boffin Family|Boffin]] about whether Mr Bliss should be locked up for failure to pay for his car. Sergeant Boffin also has a son named [[Sam]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[Mr. Bliss]]'' (2011 edition), p. 63</ref>

==Inspiration==
In [[Letter 257]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] recounts a holiday to Lamorna Cave in the early 1930's. To amuse his sons, he named a local Gaffer Gamgee. This "curious local character" was "an old man who used to go about swapping gossip and weather-fashion and such like". The surname was chosen because it alliterated with Gaffer.

Tolkien had several encounters with actual Gamgees, however. [[wikipedia:Gamgee Tissue|Gamgee Tissue]], a word young Ronald considered comical, was named after [[wikipedia:Sampson Gamgee|J. Sampson Gamgee]] (1828-1886), a famous [[Birmingham]] surgeon,<ref>{{L|72}}</ref> whilst in the Black Country dialect cotton wool was referred to as "gamgee".<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://sedgleymanor.com/ The Ancient Manor of Sedgley]|articleurl=http://sedgleymanor.com/dictionaries/dialect.html|articlename=Black Country Dialect|accessed=9 September 2014}}</ref> The Gamgees were notorious surgeons - years later, Dr. Leonard Gamgee tended those war-wounded, including Lieutenant Tolkien.<ref>[[John Garth]], ''[[Tolkien and the Great War]], "Part Three: Castles in the air", p. 206</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:[[John Church]] plays Gaffer Gamgee. He used a thick peasant accent for the role. He is included in early episodes including a full dramatisation of his encounter with the Nazgul. He also features towards the end of the adaptation when he admonishes the returning Hobbits for wearing "ironmongery."

[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Gaffer Gamgee.jpg|Gaffer in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''|right|thumb|150px]]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Gaffer appears in the film's [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|Extended Edition]], where he is played by [[Norman Forsey]]. The conversation in the Ivy Bush is moved to the [[Green Dragon]] Inn, though the dialogue remains much the same. He does not appear at Sam's marriage in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]''.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Gaffer appears twice; at first, he drinks at the Green Dragon, but during the night, he informs Frodo of the Ringwraith that stalks the Shire. He was voiced by an uncredited [[Jim Piddock]].

==Notes==
<references group=note/>
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Gamgee]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Hamfast Gamdschie (Sohn von Hobsen)]]
[[fi:Hamfast Gamgi (Ukko Gamgi)]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hobbits/gamegie/hamfast_gamegie_1]]

Malbeth

2020-09-26T16:07:01Z

72.66.13.115:

{{arnorian infobox
| name=Malbeth the Seer
| image=[[File:Rebecca M. Beit-Aharon - Malbeth the Seer.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Malbeth the Seer" by [[:Category:Images by Rebecca M. Beit-Aharon|Rebecca M. Beit-Aharon]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=[[Seer]]
| location=[[Arthedain]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Around [[Third Age]] 19th cent.
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=Around [[Third Age]] 20th cent.<ref name=guide/>
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender= Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Malbeth''' was a [[seer]] and royal counsellor gifted with [[foresight]] who is remembered in lore for two prophecies concerning the fate of the descendants of [[Isildur]].

==History==
Malbeth was probably a [[Dúnedain of the North|Dúnadan of the North]] who appears to have been a royal counsellor to the [[King of Arthedain]].<ref name=guide>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Malbeth"</ref> He flourished during the reigns of [[Araphant]] and [[Arvedui]].<ref group=note>Malbeth's Númenorean ancestry is also evidenced in the length of time between the dates of the seer's known prophecies (1864 and 1975); at the time of the second prophecy, Malbeth must had been well over 100 years old.</ref>

===Last King of Arthedain===
In {{TA|1864}} when the son of [[Araphant]] (fourteenth [[Kings of Arnor|King]] of [[Arthedain]]) was born, Malbeth advised Araphant to name his son ''[[Arvedui]]'', meaning "''last king''":
{{blockquote|Arvedui you shall call him, for he will be the last in Arthedain. Though a choice will come to the Dúnedain, and if they take the one that seems less hopeful, then your son will change his name and become king of a great realm. If not, then much sorrow and many lives of men shall pass, until the Dúnedain arise and are united again.|''[[Appendix A]], Annals of the Kings and Rulers'': (iv) Gondor and the Heirs of Anárion}}

===Paths of the Dead===
Malbeth's second prophecy was made in the days of Arvedui (ruled {{TA|1964}} - {{TA|1974|n}}), in which the seer foretold [[Aragorn]]'s passage through the [[Paths of the Dead]] even though the event was over a thousand years in the future:
{{blockquote|Over the land there lies a long shadow, westward reaching wings of darkness. The Tower trembles; to the tombs of kings doom approaches. The Dead awaken; for the hour is come for the oathbreakers: at the [[Stone of Erech]] they shall stand again and hear there a horn in the hills ringing. Whose shall the horn be? Who shall call them from the grey twilight, the forgotten people? The heir of him to whom the oath they swore. From the North shall he come, need shall drive him: he shall pass the Door to the Paths of the Dead.|''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Passing of the Grey Company]]", "[[Over the land there lies a long shadow]]"}}

This prophecy is written in the Old English alliterative verse form, in which Tolkien was an expert, both as scholar and practitioner. Many examples of alliterative verse are included in [[''The Lord of the Rings'']], but this is the only one not associated with the [[Rohirrim]]. The Rohirrim are depicted as using this verse form because Tolkien equated them to the ancestors of the English; but there is no apparent reason why a Númenórean would write in this form. The drafts published in [[The War of the Ring]] are all in rhyming verse.

==Legacy==
Indeed, when [[Gondor]] was left without a [[Kings of Gondor|King]], Arvedui claimed the kingship, both as a [[Heir of Isildur]] and as the husband of Gondorian princess [[Fíriel]] who would be entitled to succeed her father to the throne. However the [[Gondorians]] ruled out his claim ("the one that seems less hopeful") choosing instead [[Earnil II|someone]] from the [[House of Anárion]], so Arvedui never became "king of a great realm" and didn't change his name. Instead as Malbeth said, there was "much sorrow"; the [[Battle of Fornost]] destroyed the North-kingdom, and Arvedui was drowned in the sea soon after, the last king of Arthedain.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref>

Malbeth's second prophecy was also fulfilled centuries later, during the [[War of the Ring]] when Aragorn (sixteenth [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]) learned from the ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' that [[Gondor]] was being threatened from the south by a fleet of [[Corsairs]] from [[Umbar]]. He needed a route to get to them in haste, and [[Elrond]]'s message ("''Bid Aragorn remember the words of the seer, and the [[Paths of the Dead]]''") told him how. Aragorn (with [[Legolas]], [[Gimli]] and the [[Grey Company]]) travelled through the Paths of the Dead to the Stone of Erech where Aragorn blew a horn to summon the [[Oathbreakers]]. He told them he was [[Isildur]]'s heir and so they fulfilled their oath and defeated the Corsairs which helped Gondor win the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref name=company>{{RK|Company}}</ref>

Aragorn fulfilled again the first prophecy, where Arvedui had failed; after "much sorrow and many lives of men", Aragorn finally became [[High King of the Dúnedain]] who were "[[Reunited Kingdom|united again]]".

==Etymology==
''Malbeth'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Golden Word", from ''[[malt]]'' ("gold") + [[Lenition|lenited]] ''[[peth]]'' ("word, voice").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=http://eldamo.org/content/words/word-3294592247.html|articlename=S. ''Malbeth'' m.|website=Eldamo}}</ref>

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Dúnedain of the North]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Malbeth]]
[[fi:Malbeth]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/dunedain_du_nord/malbeth]]

Herefara

2020-09-25T19:11:04Z

72.66.13.115:

{{rohirrim infobox
| name=Herefara
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Herefara.jpg|270px]]
| caption=Herefara in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohirric]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=[[15 March]], {{TA|3019}}
| deathlocation=[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Herefara''' was a man of [[Rohan]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

==History==
Herefara fought and died in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. His name is remembered in the poem [[Song of the Mounds of Mundburg]].<ref>{{RK|Battle}}</ref> Harding may have been one of King Théoden's personal household guards. The poem names nine Riders of Rohan who fell in the battle. Grimbold the Marshal is one of these, and Dúnhere the Lord of Dunharrow is another. Seven members of the household are said to have been killed; it seems reasonable to guess that these were the other seven men named in the poem, especially since Déorwine the chief of the guards was one.

==Etymology==
''Herefara'' is [[Old English]] for "war-traveller".

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2013: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Herefara comes from the town of Woodhurst in the Stonedeans, a province in the western [[Rohan]] where many men have a mix of Rohirrim and Dunlending ancestry. His grandparents are Briant and Reeve Heremond; and his parents are Cynethryth and [[Herubrand]]. Under the influence of [[Saruman]], in early March {{TA|3019}} a conspiracy of men attacks the Reeve's family in the Mead Hall of Woodhurst. Heremond and Cynethryth are slain but Herubrand, who is wounded, is saved by his loyalist who hide him and his mother outside the city. They enlist the player, an outsider who could not have been involved the attack, to help them in uncovering the conspiracy and eventually take back the control of his city. Herefara is not present during these events, as he is leading the defence of Brockbridge, a village ruled by [[Hama]]'s father Léoferth to the south from the forces of [[Isengard]].
:Herubrand and Herefara are later met in the [[Druadan Forest]] during the march of Rohirrim towards [[Minas Tirith]]. Herefara joins the player in patrolling the lands around beacons [[Nardol]] and [[Eilenach]]. During the [[Battle of Pelennor Fields]] the father and son fight side by side, but are slain by [[Gothmog]]'s orcs.

{{references}}

[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Herefara]]
[[fi:Herefara]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/herefara]]

Déorwine

2020-09-25T18:48:38Z

72.66.13.115:

{{rohirrim infobox
| name=Déorwine
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Déorwine.jpg|250px]]
| caption=Déorwine from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Chief of the [[King's Riders]]
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohirric]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=[[15 March|March 15]], {{TA|3019}}
| deathlocation=[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}'''Déorwine''' was the Chief of the [[King's Riders]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

==History==
Déorwine replaced Háma in the post when the latter was killed at [[Helm's Deep]]. He and six of the men under his command ([[Harding]], [[Guthláf]], [[Herefara]], [[Herubrand]], [[Horn]] and [[Fastred]]) were slain at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{RK|Battle}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Déorwine'' probably means "brave-friend" in [[Old English]], consisting of ''[[Wiktionary:deor#Old_English|dēor]]'' ("brave, bold (as a wild beast)" + ''[[Wiktionary:wine#Old_English|wine]]'' ("friend").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 571</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2012: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan]]'':'''
:Déorwine is a member of [[Théoden]]'s royal guard and is fist found in [[Edoras]] and later in [[Helm's Deep]]. The player next meets him in the [[Drúadan Forest]] on their way to [[Minas Tirith]]. During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] he dies protecting King Théoden from foes.

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Deorwine}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Déorwine]]
[[fi:Déorwine]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:3a:hommes_du_nord:rohirrim:deorwine]]

Harding (rider of Rohan)

2020-09-25T18:35:24Z

72.66.13.115:

{{disambig-two|the Rider of [[Rohan]]|great-grandson of [[Samwise Gamgee]]|[[Harding of the Hill]]}}
{{rohirrim infobox
| name=Harding
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Harding.jpg|250px]]
| caption=Harding from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=[[15 March]], {{TA|3019}}
| deathlocation=[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Harding''' was a man of [[Rohan]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

==History==
Harding fought and died in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. His name is recorded in the poem [[Song of the Mounds of Mundburg]].<ref>{{RK|Battle}}</ref> Harding may have been a member of King Théoden's personal household guards. The poem names nine Riders of Rohan who fell in the battle. [[Grimbold]] the Marshal is one of these, and [[Dúnhere]] the Lord of Dunharrow is another. Seven members of the household are said to have been killed; it seems reasonable to guess that these were the other seven men named in the poem, especially since [[Déorwine]] the chief of the guards was one.

==Etymology==
[[Old English]] ''hearding'' means "hard one, strong one".<ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2012: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan]]'':'''
:Harding dwells in the village of Harwick, the main settlement of the [[Wold]], of which he is also the Thane. His son Léodwig along with [[Wídfara]] had disappeared in a remote province of Wildermore and Harding sends the player and his companions [[Gleowine]] and [[Horn (rider of Rohan)|Horn]] to look for them. The player find both wounded but alive and they eventually return to Harwick. Harding later dies on the [[Pelennor Fields]] after slaying many foes.

{{references}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Harding]]
[[fi:Harding (Rohanin Ratsastaja)]]

Caudimordax

2020-09-25T03:01:53Z

72.66.13.115:

{{object infobox
| name=Caudimordax
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=Tailbiter
| location=The [[Middle Kingdom]], the [[Little Kingdom]]
| owner=[[Bellomarius]], [[Farmer Giles]]
| type=Weapon
| appearance=Unfashionable plain heavy blade with epigraphical signs
| creator=
| created=
| createdlocation=
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}
'''Caudimordax''' was a famous sword that in popular romances was more vulgarly known as "Tailbiter," which is a translation of its Latin name. With this weapon of renown [[Farmer Giles]] was able to subdue the mighty [[dragons#Other fiction|dragon]] [[Chrysophylax]].

==History==
Caudimordax was originally owned by [[Bellomarius]], the greatest dragon-slayer of the realm. Bellomarius was said to have been the maternal great-great-grandfather of [[Augustus Bonifacius]], who was the king of the [[Middle Kingdom]] when Giles was a farmer. This family lineage may explain why Caudimordax ended up in the king's armoury, discarded and forgotten.

After Farmer Giles had managed to chase away a [[The Giant|giant]] who had threatened the village of [[Ham]], the king thought it fitting to send him a testimonial and a gift. The gift happened to be Caudimordax, for the king thought that it would be just right for a rustic. He was correct; Giles was very proud of his sword.

However, when the dragon [[Chrysophylax]] descended upon the [[Middle Kingdom]] Giles' opinion about owning a sword changed. As the dragon drew nearer he put the weapon in a kitchen cupboard. There it stayed until the dragon invaded the nearby village of [[Quercetum]]. When the parson of [[Ham]] insisted upon seeing the sword Giles brought it out. To their mutual amazement, the blade leapt out of its sheath and refused to be put back in. The parson borrowed the sword overnight to study the inscriptions on it and its sheath.

The parson's inspection revealed the sword's name. The songs and tales told about this sword explained why it refused to be sheathed; it did so whenever a dragon was within five miles of it. Within a short time the alarmed farmer found himself outfitted with make-shift armour on his grey mare with the sword, looking for the dragon.

The great battle between Farmer Giles and Chrysophylax went like this: Giles came upon Chrysophylax suddenly when he rounded a sharp corner. The sleeping dragon awoke when Giles' dog [[Garm]] bolted in fear and the farmer fell off his horse into a ditch. Chrysophylax sprang when Giles had dropped Caudimordax, but the farmer grabbed it and the sword flashed up straight at the dragon's eyes. When Giles subsequently tried to shoo the worm away, Caudimordax managed to injure the dragon's right wing joint. It was the best that the great sword could do in such inexperienced hands.

Farmer Giles took Caudimordax with him when he went on the expedition ordered by the king to get the treasure of Chrysophylax. While the dragon easily devoured or scared off all of the rest of the king's men, he was brought up short upon the sight of Giles with the famous sword. Using the threat of Caudimordax, Giles induced Chrysophylax to carry a goodly portion of his hoard to the village of Ham.

When Giles confronted King Augustus Bonifacius, Caudimordax was in his hand. Giles kept the famed weapon ever in reach while the dragon dwelt in the village of Ham.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]''</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Farmer Giles of Ham]]

Fabricius Cunctator

2020-09-25T02:47:18Z

72.66.13.115:

'''Fabricius Cunctator''' (vulgarly known as "Sunny Sam") was the blacksmith for the village of [[Ham]]. He had gotten his nickname for his gloomy disposition and his propensity for foretelling disasters. Despite his reluctance he was persuaded to improvise a suit of mail for [[Farmer Giles]] by sewing discarded metal rings on an old leather jerkin and breeches. The smith even supplied an old iron frame of a helmet that the cobbler covered with leather.

Whenever trouble appeared in the tale Sunny Sam became more cheerful, but when things appeared to be going well the blacksmith turned dour. Eventually, when Farmer Giles became king, he outlawed unpleasant prophecy and Fabricius Cunctator changed his profession to the perhaps more suitable one of undertaker.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]''</ref>

"Fabricius Cunctator" is a pun on the name of Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, a Roman general of the third century BC, who acquired the nickname "Cunctator," meaning "Delayer," for the defensive strategy he employed against the Carthaginian army led by Hannibal in the Second Punic War. ''Fabricius'' is the Latin word for "blacksmith."
{{references}}
[[Category:Farmer Giles of Ham]]
[[fi:Sam (Maamies ja lohikäärme)]]

Angmar

2020-09-23T16:27:45Z

72.66.13.115: /* History */

{{expansion}}{{sources}}
{{disambig-more|Angmar|[[Angmar (disambiguation)]]}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Angmar.gif|250px]]
| name=Angmar
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=North-east of [[Arnor]], south of [[Forodwaith (lands)|Forodwaith]]
| capital=[[Carn Dûm]]
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Hill-men]]
| language=Mostly [[Black Speech]]
| govern1=[[Witch-king]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{TA|1300}}
| event2=Destroyed
| event2date={{TA|1975}}
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
{{Pronounce|Angmar.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Angmar''' ('Iron Home', [[Sindarin]]) was a region and kingdom founded about [[Third Age]] 1300 in the far north of the [[Misty Mountains]] by the evil Lord of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], who became known as the "[[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]]". Since the Witch-king was a vassal of the Dark Lord [[Sauron]], it is presumed that Angmar's wars against the successor kingdoms of [[Arnor]] were done at Sauron's bidding.

The capital of Angmar was [[Carn Dûm]]. Here it was said that an evil race of men, possibly related to the Easterlings of the First Age, lived.

==History==
About {{TA|1300}} [[Sauron]]'s [[shadow]] became stronger and evil things multiplied, heralded by the reappearance of the [[Nazgûl]].<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref> [[Witch-King of Angmar]], the lord of the Nazgûl, was conducted by to gather evil men and creatures, and founded the realm in the lands north of the Ettenmoors and between the Mountains of Angmar and the Grey Mountains; their sole purpose was destroying the fading [[Dúnedain of the North]].

Soon after Angmar was founded it waged war against the divided [[Dúnedain]] realms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]]. Rhudaur was the first kingdom to fall. Already in Rhudaur the Dúnedain were growing few, and an evil Hillman seized the kingship. This chieftain allied with Angmar, and they exterminated the few remaining Dúnedain in Rhudaur.

Now under the Witch-King's control, the forces of Rhudaur and Angmar invaded Arthedain, killing [[Argeleb I]] the king of Arthedain. However, with the aid of the armies of Cardolan, Arthedain managed to maintain a line of defence along the [[Weather Hills]].

In {{TA|1409}} Angmar attacked [[Rivendell]] and Cardolan, besieging Rivendell and destroying all of Cardolan except for remnants of the Dúnedain who held out at the [[Barrow-downs]] and retreated into [[Minhiriath]]. Since Rhudaur had fallen under Angmar's control, this left Arthedain without any allies except for [[Lindon]]. Despite this, Arthedain struggled on for another 500 years. The last people of Cardolan died in the [[Great Plague]], allowing Angmar to send [[Barrow-wights]] to infest the Barrow-downs.

In {{TA|1974}} Angmar amassed its forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. Angmar took Arthedain's capital [[Fornost]], destroying the last kingdom of the Dúnedain. The Witch-King hunted the King [[Arvedui]] into the north, where Arvedui was attempting to hold off the armies of Angmar. When he was at the end of his resources, Arvedui fled to the bay of [[Forochel]]. The elves of Lindon sent a ship to rescue Arvedui, but it sunk in the bay of [[Forochel]], killing the last king of Arthedain.

A year later, Prince [[Eärnur]] of [[Gondor]] arrived to aid Arthedain, but he was too late. His army utterly defeated the forces of Angmar in the [[Battle of Fornost]], but the Witch-king was not slain. He escaped and fled to [[Mordor]], but his kingdom of Angmar was no more.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

The territory of Angmar which extended east of the Misty Mountains was subsequently overrun by the [[Éothéod]], ancestors of the [[Rohirrim]].

== Etymology ==
''Angmar'' means "Iron Home" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[ang]]'' = "iron" and ''[[-mbar|mar]]'' = "home, dwelling").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-3089760465.html|articlename=S. ''Angmar'' loc.|website=[http://eldamo.org/index.html Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon]|accessed=2 May 2019}}</ref> Tolkien explained that it was corrupted Elvish: the pure Sindarin form of the name would be ''Angbar'', and the pure [[Quenya]] form would be ''Angamar''.<ref name="RC">{{HM|RC}}, p. 20</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]'':'''
:Angmar is a playable faction in the game, featuring mostly noncanon heroes and units. Moreover, in the campaign section of the game Angmar is besieged in [[Carn Dum]] by [[Glorfindel]] and his [[Elves]], however he wins the siege and destroys [[Arnor]] and [[Fornost]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Angmar map.jpg|thumb|Map of Angmar from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
:Angmar was not completely destroyed after the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Rather, the Witch-King changed [[Eärnur]] into a wraith to watch over his kingdom until it could rise once more. By the time of the War of the Ring the kingdom of Angmar was once again strong enough to threaten [[Eriador]]. The [[Men]] of Angmar were of two distinct cultures. The ruling class of [[Carn Dûm]] consisted of the sorcerous Angmarim, who had [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]] blood and were staunch followers of [[Sauron]] and his servants. The others were the tribes of [[Hill-men]], native folk who continued their old traditions. One Hill-man clan, the Trév Gállorg, opposed the False King and was friendly to the [[Free peoples]]. Their rivals were the Angmarim-aligned Trév Duvárdain. Angmar is also home to many evil creatures such as [[wargs]], [[drakes]], [[spiders]], [[Vampires#Portrayal in adaptations|Merrevail]], and Gertheryg. Four tribes of [[orcs]], the Blogmal, the Krahjarn, the Ongbǘrz, and the Tarkrîp, originate from Angmar.

:The region was accessible from the [[North Downs]] by traveling through the Ram Dúath, a range of winding canyons in the south-west of Angmar. Within Ram Dúath were camps of the Angmarim and orcs marching to war, and also the peaceful Earth-kin village Lehmä-koti. North of the Ram Dúath were the grey hills of Fasach-Larran and Fasach-Falroid, where the Hill-men of Angmar dwelt. At the westernmost exit of the Ram Dúath was the Trév Gállorg village of Aughaire. The hostile Trév Duvárdain inhabited towns and camps in the north.

:To the east of the hills was the great brimstone swamp of Malenhad. The dread Watching-stones of the Rammas Deluon formed a barrier of deadly fear down the middle of Malenhad, effectively separating the western half of Angmar from the eastern half. The shallow sulfur lake Duvuinen lay in the east of Malenhad. Hidden in a cavern to the south of the lake was the Dwarf-outpost Gabilshathûr. In the south-east of Angmar beyond the lake were the valleys of Gorothlad, home to orcs, [[trolls]], and other evil creatures. Gorothlad contained several camps for Angmar's growing orc army as well as the arena of Maethad. North of Gorothlad was the rocky basin Nan Gurth, in the center of which stood Barad Gúlaran and its ring of eight lesser towers.

:West of Nan Gurth was Imlad Balchorth, a valley full of tombs and poisoned water, haunted by many [[wights]] and fell-spirits. In the north-east of Nan Gurth was Gath Uior, a pass to the Rift of Nûrz Ghâshu in the far north-east of Angmar near to the northernmost of the [[Misty Mountains]]. Deep underground within the Rift the [[Balrog]] Thaurlach was kept imprisoned after his defeat by the [[Blue Wizards]]. Fire-orcs and [[Nameless Things|Nameless creatures]] also dwelt there, though they were opposed by a mysterious race of fire [[giants]] known as the Eldgang.

:North-west of Nan Gurth and north-east of Imlad Balchorth was Himbar, an ashen, spider-infested land among crags of black rock like obsidian. Up a path into the rock walls that bordered Himbar in the east was the secret [[Rangers of the North|Ranger]] refuge of Gath Forthnír. In the west of Himbar was the Angmarim town Rhunendin, and beyond that was a long gated pass to the capital city of [[Carn Dûm]]. In the south-west of the capital was a narrow, winding pass, guarded by Watching-stones, that connected to the hill-man towns in the north of Fasach-Falroid. The host of Angmar marched to the southern lands along a main road that led south from Rhunendin between Imlad Balchorth and Nan Gurth, then turned west to pass north of Malenhad. Beyond Malenhad the road turned south to enter the Ram Dǘath.

'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''
:Angmar and [[Angmar War|its war with Arnor]] are mentioned by Galadriel in the [[White Council]]. Following the destruction of Angmar the Men of the North took the body of the Witch-King and sealed him in [[High Fells of Rhudaur]].

'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''
:[[Gandalf]] tells [[Thranduil]] and [[Bard]] that [[Sauron]]'s final goal was to conquer the [[Lonely Mountain]] due to its strategic position. This would enable Sauron to restore Angmar and gain dominance over the north of [[Middle-earth]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Evil realms]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Angmar]]
[[fi:Angmar]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/angmar]]

Angmar

2020-09-23T16:25:14Z

72.66.13.115:

{{expansion}}{{sources}}
{{disambig-more|Angmar|[[Angmar (disambiguation)]]}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Angmar.gif|250px]]
| name=Angmar
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=North-east of [[Arnor]], south of [[Forodwaith (lands)|Forodwaith]]
| capital=[[Carn Dûm]]
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Hill-men]]
| language=Mostly [[Black Speech]]
| govern1=[[Witch-king]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{TA|1300}}
| event2=Destroyed
| event2date={{TA|1975}}
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
{{Pronounce|Angmar.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Angmar''' ('Iron Home', [[Sindarin]]) was a region and kingdom founded about [[Third Age]] 1300 in the far north of the [[Misty Mountains]] by the evil Lord of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], who became known as the "[[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]]". Since the Witch-king was a vassal of the Dark Lord [[Sauron]], it is presumed that Angmar's wars against the successor kingdoms of [[Arnor]] were done at Sauron's bidding.

The capital of Angmar was [[Carn Dûm]]. Here it was said that an evil race of men, possibly related to the Easterlings of the First Age, lived.

==History==
In {{TA|1300}} [[Sauron]]'s [[shadow]] became stronger and evil things multiplied, heralded by the reappearance of the [[Nazgûl]].<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref> [[Witch-King of Angmar]], the lord of the Nazgûl, was conducted by to gather evil men and creatures, and founded the realm in the lands north of the Ettenmoors and between the Mountains of Angmar and the Grey Mountains; their sole purpose was destroying the fading [[Dúnedain of the North]].

Soon after Angmar was founded it waged war against the divided [[Dúnedain]] realms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]]. Rhudaur was the first kingdom to fall. Already in Rhudaur the Dúnedain were growing few, and an evil Hillman seized the kingship. This chieftain allied with Angmar, and they exterminated the few remaining Dúnedain in Rhudaur.

Now under the Witch-King's control, the forces of Rhudaur and Angmar invaded Arthedain, killing [[Argeleb I]] the king of Arthedain. However, with the aid of the armies of Cardolan, Arthedain managed to maintain a line of defence along the [[Weather Hills]].

In {{TA|1409}} Angmar attacked [[Rivendell]] and Cardolan, besieging Rivendell and destroying all of Cardolan except for remnants of the Dúnedain who held out at the [[Barrow-downs]] and retreated into [[Minhiriath]]. Since Rhudaur had fallen under Angmar's control, this left Arthedain without any allies except for [[Lindon]]. Despite this, Arthedain struggled on for another 500 years. The last people of Cardolan died in the [[Great Plague]], allowing Angmar to send [[Barrow-wights]] to infest the Barrow-downs.

In {{TA|1974}} Angmar amassed its forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. Angmar took Arthedain's capital [[Fornost]], destroying the last kingdom of the Dúnedain. The Witch-King hunted the King [[Arvedui]] into the north, where Arvedui was attempting to hold off the armies of Angmar. When he was at the end of his resources, Arvedui fled to the bay of [[Forochel]]. The elves of Lindon sent a ship to rescue Arvedui, but it sunk in the bay of [[Forochel]], killing the last king of Arthedain.

A year later, Prince [[Eärnur]] of [[Gondor]] arrived to aid Arthedain, but he was too late. His army utterly defeated the forces of Angmar in the [[Battle of Fornost]], but the Witch-king was not slain. He escaped and fled to [[Mordor]], but his kingdom of Angmar was no more.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

The territory of Angmar which extended east of the Misty Mountains was subsequently overrun by the [[Éothéod]], ancestors of the [[Rohirrim]].

== Etymology ==
''Angmar'' means "Iron Home" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[ang]]'' = "iron" and ''[[-mbar|mar]]'' = "home, dwelling").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-3089760465.html|articlename=S. ''Angmar'' loc.|website=[http://eldamo.org/index.html Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon]|accessed=2 May 2019}}</ref> Tolkien explained that it was corrupted Elvish: the pure Sindarin form of the name would be ''Angbar'', and the pure [[Quenya]] form would be ''Angamar''.<ref name="RC">{{HM|RC}}, p. 20</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]'':'''
:Angmar is a playable faction in the game, featuring mostly noncanon heroes and units. Moreover, in the campaign section of the game Angmar is besieged in [[Carn Dum]] by [[Glorfindel]] and his [[Elves]], however he wins the siege and destroys [[Arnor]] and [[Fornost]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Angmar map.jpg|thumb|Map of Angmar from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
:Angmar was not completely destroyed after the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Rather, the Witch-King changed [[Eärnur]] into a wraith to watch over his kingdom until it could rise once more. By the time of the War of the Ring the kingdom of Angmar was once again strong enough to threaten [[Eriador]]. The [[Men]] of Angmar were of two distinct cultures. The ruling class of [[Carn Dûm]] consisted of the sorcerous Angmarim, who had [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]] blood and were staunch followers of [[Sauron]] and his servants. The others were the tribes of [[Hill-men]], native folk who continued their old traditions. One Hill-man clan, the Trév Gállorg, opposed the False King and was friendly to the [[Free peoples]]. Their rivals were the Angmarim-aligned Trév Duvárdain. Angmar is also home to many evil creatures such as [[wargs]], [[drakes]], [[spiders]], [[Vampires#Portrayal in adaptations|Merrevail]], and Gertheryg. Four tribes of [[orcs]], the Blogmal, the Krahjarn, the Ongbǘrz, and the Tarkrîp, originate from Angmar.

:The region was accessible from the [[North Downs]] by traveling through the Ram Dúath, a range of winding canyons in the south-west of Angmar. Within Ram Dúath were camps of the Angmarim and orcs marching to war, and also the peaceful Earth-kin village Lehmä-koti. North of the Ram Dúath were the grey hills of Fasach-Larran and Fasach-Falroid, where the Hill-men of Angmar dwelt. At the westernmost exit of the Ram Dúath was the Trév Gállorg village of Aughaire. The hostile Trév Duvárdain inhabited towns and camps in the north.

:To the east of the hills was the great brimstone swamp of Malenhad. The dread Watching-stones of the Rammas Deluon formed a barrier of deadly fear down the middle of Malenhad, effectively separating the western half of Angmar from the eastern half. The shallow sulfur lake Duvuinen lay in the east of Malenhad. Hidden in a cavern to the south of the lake was the Dwarf-outpost Gabilshathûr. In the south-east of Angmar beyond the lake were the valleys of Gorothlad, home to orcs, [[trolls]], and other evil creatures. Gorothlad contained several camps for Angmar's growing orc army as well as the arena of Maethad. North of Gorothlad was the rocky basin Nan Gurth, in the center of which stood Barad Gúlaran and its ring of eight lesser towers.

:West of Nan Gurth was Imlad Balchorth, a valley full of tombs and poisoned water, haunted by many [[wights]] and fell-spirits. In the north-east of Nan Gurth was Gath Uior, a pass to the Rift of Nûrz Ghâshu in the far north-east of Angmar near to the northernmost of the [[Misty Mountains]]. Deep underground within the Rift the [[Balrog]] Thaurlach was kept imprisoned after his defeat by the [[Blue Wizards]]. Fire-orcs and [[Nameless Things|Nameless creatures]] also dwelt there, though they were opposed by a mysterious race of fire [[giants]] known as the Eldgang.

:North-west of Nan Gurth and north-east of Imlad Balchorth was Himbar, an ashen, spider-infested land among crags of black rock like obsidian. Up a path into the rock walls that bordered Himbar in the east was the secret [[Rangers of the North|Ranger]] refuge of Gath Forthnír. In the west of Himbar was the Angmarim town Rhunendin, and beyond that was a long gated pass to the capital city of [[Carn Dûm]]. In the south-west of the capital was a narrow, winding pass, guarded by Watching-stones, that connected to the hill-man towns in the north of Fasach-Falroid. The host of Angmar marched to the southern lands along a main road that led south from Rhunendin between Imlad Balchorth and Nan Gurth, then turned west to pass north of Malenhad. Beyond Malenhad the road turned south to enter the Ram Dǘath.

'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''
:Angmar and [[Angmar War|its war with Arnor]] are mentioned by Galadriel in the [[White Council]]. Following the destruction of Angmar the Men of the North took the body of the Witch-King and sealed him in [[High Fells of Rhudaur]].

'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''
:[[Gandalf]] tells [[Thranduil]] and [[Bard]] that [[Sauron]]'s final goal was to conquer the [[Lonely Mountain]] due to its strategic position. This would enable Sauron to restore Angmar and gain dominance over the north of [[Middle-earth]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Evil realms]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Angmar]]
[[fi:Angmar]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/angmar]]

Gorbadoc Brandybuck

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{{hobbit infobox
| name=Gorbadoc Brandybuck
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames="Broadbelt"
| titles=[[Master of Buckland]]
| position=
| location=[[Brandy Hall]], [[Buckland]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{SR|1260}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{SR|1310}} - {{SR|1363|n}}
| death={{SR|1363}}
| deathlocation=
| age=103
| notablefor=
| family=[[Brandybuck Family|Brandybuck]]
| parentage=[[Marmadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Adaldrida Bolger]]
| siblings=[[Orgulas Brandybuck|Orgulas]]
| spouse=[[Mirabella Took]]
| children=[[Rorimac Brandybuck|Rorimac]], [[Amaranth Brandybuck|Amaranth]], [[Saradas Brandybuck|Saradas]], [[Dodinas Brandybuck|Dodinas]], [[Asphodel Brandybuck|Asphodel]], [[Dinodas Brandybuck|Dinodas]] and [[Primula Brandybuck|Primula]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Gorbadoc "Broadbelt" Brandybuck''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]].

==History==
Gorbadoc was the son of [[Marmadoc Brandybuck]] and after his father's death in {{SR|1310}}, he became [[Master of Buckland]].

He married [[Mirabella Took]], and had in all seven children: [[Rorimac Brandybuck|Rorimac]], [[Amaranth Brandybuck|Amaranth]], [[Saradas Brandybuck|Saradas]], [[Dodinas Brandybuck|Dodinas]], [[Asphodel Brandybuck|Asphodel]], [[Dinodas Brandybuck|Dinodas]] and [[Primula Brandybuck|Primula]].<ref>{{App|Brandybuck}}</ref>

[[Hamfast Gamgee]]'s account of the deaths of [[Frodo Baggins]]'s parents, [[Drogo Baggins]] and [[Primula Brandybuck]], in Book I, chapter I of [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], says that they were staying with Gorbadoc at the time. But the date of Gorbadoc's death is given in the Brandybuck family tree as 1367 SR, while the date of the deaths of Drogo and Primula is shown in the same document as 1380.

==Etymology==

In [[1978]], [[Jim Allan]] suggested that the [[Celtic]]-sounding name ''Gorbadoc'' is "a slight alteration of ''[[Wikipedia:Gorboduc|Gorboduc]]'' or ''Gorbodugu''", a fictional pre-Roman king of the Britons.<ref>[[Jim Allan]], ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', p. 202</ref> In [[1988]], the publication of ''[[The Return of the Shadow]]'' confirmed that [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] had indeed used the name ''Gorboduc'' in four extant manuscript versions.<ref>{{RS|Party}}, pp. 17 (note 5), 26, 36, 38</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Giovanni Carmine Costabile, Harm Schelhaas|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/groups/TheTolkienSociety.EducationalCharity/permalink/10154722957951068/|articlename=Tolkien Society Facebook group post|dated=17 January 2017|website=FB|accessed=21 January 2017}}</ref>

His name 'Broadbelt' derives from his generous table and waistline.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 171</ref>

{{references}}
{{masters}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Brandybuck]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Gorbadoc Brandybock]]
[[fi:Gorbadoc Rankkibuk]]

Rauros

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{{expansion}}
{{location infobox
| name=Falls of Rauros
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - At the Falls.jpg|250px]]
| caption="At the Falls" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=As the [[Anduin]] went over [[Emyn Muil]] from [[Nen Hithoel]]
| type=Waterfall
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=Death of [[Boromir]]
}}
{{quote|As they went south the fume of Rauros rose and shimmered before them, a haze of gold. The rush and thunder of the falls shook the windless air.|''[[The Two Towers]]'', [[The Departure of Boromir]]<ref>{{TT|Departure}}</ref>}}
'''Rauros''', the '''Falls of Rauros''' or the '''Rauros-falls''', were the great falls of River [[Anduin]] beneath [[Nen Hithoel]], where the river fell from [[Emyn Muil]] to the wetland of [[Nindalf]].

==History==
The [[Kings of Gondor]] had built the [[North Stair]], a portage-way that bypassed the Falls.

At the breaking of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] paddled a boat from the west bank of the river to the east just above the falls and had to use all their strength to avoid being swept over the falls by the current. Shortly afterwards [[Boromir]]'s body was placed in another boat by [[Aragorn]], [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]] who sent it over the Falls. Aragorn declared in the [[Lament for Boromir]] that ever after the [[Tower of Guard]] would gaze "''to Rauros, golden Rauros falls until the end of days''".

But it apparently survived the fall; at any rate, soon afterwards it was seen by his brother [[Faramir]] upon the lower reaches of the Anduin in what felt to him like a dream yet from which there was no waking, and the two halves of Boromir's cloven horn were separately retrieved (neither by Faramir).

==Etymology==

In his [[unfinished index]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] glossed the name ''Rauros'' as "roaring spray".<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 327</ref> A pencilled annotation in a manuscript also gives the translation "Rush-rain" or "Roar-rain".<ref>{{TI|Farewell}}, p. 285</ref>

In another manuscript, the name ''Rauros(se)'' is said to be composed of ''[[raw]]'' and ''[[ros]]'', and meaning "roaring rain". It is noted that the repetition of ''r'' in a name is usually retained in those with "phonetic or onomatopoeic significance".<ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 99</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Falls]]
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[de:Rauros]]
[[fi:Rauros]]