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		<title>Tuor</title>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{Edain infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Tuor at Vinyamar.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Tuor&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=Tuor [[Eladar]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Tuor [[Ulmondil]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Tuor the Blessed&lt;br /&gt;
| titles=Lord of the [[House of the Wing]]&lt;br /&gt;
| position=&lt;br /&gt;
| location=[[Dor-lómin]]; [[Gondolin]]; [[Mouths of Sirion]]&lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation=&lt;br /&gt;
| language=[[Sindarin]]&lt;br /&gt;
| birth={{FA|472}}&lt;br /&gt;
| birthlocation=[[Dor-lómin]]&lt;br /&gt;
| rule=&lt;br /&gt;
| sailedwest={{FA|525}}&lt;br /&gt;
| sailedfrom=[[Mouths of Sirion]]&lt;br /&gt;
| age=53&lt;br /&gt;
| house=[[House of Hador]]&lt;br /&gt;
| parentage=[[Huor]] &amp;amp; [[Rían]]&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=[[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]]&lt;br /&gt;
| children=[[Eärendil]]&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| height=Tall&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=Golden&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=&lt;br /&gt;
| clothing=Elven armour, including shield&lt;br /&gt;
| weapons=[[Dramborleg]]&lt;br /&gt;
| steed=[[Eärrámë]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|I am Tuor son of Huor of the House of Hador and the kindred of Húrin, and these names, I am told, are not unknown in the Hidden Kingdom.|Tuor to [[Elemmakil]], captain of the Outer Guard of [[Gondolin]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UT1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{UT|1}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Tuor Eladar&#039;&#039;&#039; (born {{FA|472}}) was a hero of the [[Edain]] in the last years of the [[First Age]], and the father of [[Eärendil]]. In spite of being a Man, he was chosen by the Vala Ulmo to be the last hope of the Noldor in the face of annihilation by the forces of Morgoth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Born in the winter of the &#039;Year of Lamentation&#039;, Tuor&#039;s life coincided with the final defeat of the Edain and the [[Noldor|Noldor-in-Exile]] by the forces of [[Morgoth]]. He was of the [[House of Hador]],&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UT1&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Shibboleth&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{HM|PM}}, &amp;quot;[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but after the deaths of his parents [[Huor]] and [[Rían]] in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] was fostered by the surviving Elves of [[Mithrim]]. He passed his youth a refugee and an outlaw, before being guided by the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Ulmo]] to the hidden city of [[Gondolin]]. There he rose high in the favour of the [[High King of the Noldor|High King]] [[Turgon]] and wedded the elf-maiden [[Idril]], the King&#039;s daughter. Escaping the [[Fall of Gondolin|fall of Gondolin]], he and his family came to the [[Mouths of Sirion]]. After abiding there long enough to see Eärendil to manhood Tuor finally succumbed to his [[sea-longing]] and, with Idril, departed Middle-earth for the West. The tradition of the Noldor was that he became the only Man to be accepted as one of the [[Elves|elder kindred]] and shared with them an immortal life in [[Valinor]] as long as [[Arda]] endured.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;S23&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{S|23}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Letter153&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{L|153}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Biography==&lt;br /&gt;
===Family and Early Life===&lt;br /&gt;
Tuor was the only son of [[Huor]], of the [[House of Hador]], and [[Rían]], of the [[House of Bëor]]. He was also descended from the [[House of Haleth]] through his grandmother [[Hareth]]. In their youth Huor and his elder brother [[Húrin Thalion]] were fostered with their kin in [[Brethil]] and from there they went to battle against the hordes of [[Morgoth]] that assailed that realm&amp;amp;mdash;and all of northern [[Beleriand]]&amp;amp;mdash;following the [[Dagor Bragollach]]. During one of these campaigns the brothers found themselves in mortal peril, but with the aid of [[Ulmo]] and [[Thorondor]] escaped and were brought to the [[Gondolin]]. In this way they became the first men to see the hidden city, and dwelt there for a year as the guests of [[Turgon]] &amp;amp;ndash; who had been counselled by Ulmo that help would come to him from the House of Hador. Though they learnt much from the Gondolindrim Huor and Húrin eventually sought to return to their own people, so Turgon reluctantly waived his law and let them leave on a condition of silence.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RuinOfBeleriand&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{S|18}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Huor was slain in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. He fell defending the retreat of Turgon, speaking his last words to the Elven King: &amp;quot;...out of your house shall come the hope of Elves and Men... from you and from me a new star shall arise&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{CH|2}}, p. 58.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; After hearing news of the battle Rían became distraught and left [[Dor-lómin]] to wander alone in the wild. She was rescued by the [[Sindar]] of [[Mithrim]] who took her to their dwelling in the [[Mountains of Mithrim]]. Before the end of the year Tuor was born and was given to the Elves of Mithrim to be fostered. Rían, having heard from [[Annael]] the leader of the Elves the news of Huor&#039;s death, made her way to the [[Haudh-en-Ndengin]], where she laid down in grief and died.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TurinTurambar&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{S|21}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soon after [[Hithlum]] was occupied by the [[Easterlings]] who had joined Morgoth in the Nírnaeth. Annael and his people therefore took refuge in the caves of [[Androth]], where Tuor spent his youth. At the age of sixteen Tuor wished to make war upon the Orcs and Easterlings who oppressed the land of his fathers, but was forbidden by Annael. Rather in {{FA|488}} the group resolved to flee Hithlum by the [[Annon-in-Gelydh]] and make their way to the [[Mouths of Sirion]]. Soon after setting out however they were assailed by Orcs and forced to scatter into the night. Tuor, however, refused to flee, and stood his ground, slaying many enemies before being captured.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Journeys in the Wild===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Ulmo Appears before Tuor.jpg|thumb|160px|right|Ulmo appears to Tuor in [[Ted Nasmith|Ted Nasmith&#039;s]] &#039;&#039; Ulmo Appears before Tuor&#039;&#039;.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Tuor was thrall in the House of [[Lorgan]], chief of the Easterlings of Dor-lómin, for three years. He was treated harshly because Lorgan knew of his lineage, but nevertheless endured the torment until he found his opportunity to escape. Upon being sent into the woods on an errand he slew his guards and, escaping pursuit, returned to the caves of Androth. There he dwelt there alone as an outlaw, slaying many Easterlings and accumulating a large price on his head. He was seeking the Annon-in-Gelydh &amp;amp;ndash; the &#039;Gate of the Noldor&#039; through the [[Ered Lómin]], by which Annael had intended to escape Hithlum unnoticed. After four years of searching the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Ulmo]] sent Tuor a sign that finally led him to the Gate of the Noldor. Upon reaching its entrance Tuor met [[Gelmir (messenger of Círdan)|Gelmir]] and [[Arminas]], messengers of [[Círdan]] who were seeking a way to [[Gondolin]], and they showed him the path through the mountains to [[Nevrast]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{FA|495}} Tuor passed through Nevrast and became the first Man to reach the shores of [[Belegaer]], the Great Sea, and felt for the first time the [[sea-longing]] that would stay with him the rest of his life. He lingered by Belegaer until the autumn, and then after receiving another sign from Ulmo followed seven [[swans]] southward. These led him to the abandoned city of [[Vinyamar]] where long ago Turgon had dwelt and, at the behest of Ulmo, left a sword, armour and a shield bearing the device of a white swan on a blue field. Tuor took these arms and made his way to the shore. Then during a great storm the Lord of Waters finally appeared to Tuor directly, ordering him to seek the city of Gondolin, and giving him a cloak that had a power to hide him from foes. The next morning he met [[Voronwë]] &amp;amp;ndash; an elf of Gondolin who had been shipwrecked off the coast of Beleriand and rescued and brought to Vinyamar by Ulmo. After hearing Tuor speak the words of Ulmo Voronwë agreed to guide him to the hidden gate of Gondolin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Life in Gondolin===&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Tuor Reaches the Hidden City of Gondolin.jpg|thumb|220px|left|&#039;&#039;Tuor Reaches the Hidden City of Gondolin&#039;&#039; by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
Voronwë led Tuor through [[Núath]], a land desolated by the recent passing of [[Glaurung]] the Dragon to [[Nargothrond]]. At the [[Pools of Ivrin]] Tuor caught a brief glimpse of his ill-fated cousin [[Túrin]], son of Hurin, as he cried for [[Finduilas]] &amp;amp;ndash; the only time their two paths ever crossed. Then after enduring a [[Fell Winter (First Age)|bitter winter]] Tuor and Voronwë finally reached the gate of Gondolin. They were taken as prisoners by [[Elemmakil]] and brought before [[Ecthelion|Ecthelion of the Fountain]] who, recognising from his arms that Tuor had been sent by Ulmo, welcomed into the city with honour. Tuor then came before before the [[High King of the Noldor|High King]] Turgon and delivered the message of Ulmo: the [[Doom of Mandos]] was nearing its fulfilment and Turgon should abandon his city and retreat to the Havens of Sirion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Turgon however chose not to heed Ulmo&#039;s warning, though it did prompt him to block up the hidden door and make Gondolin&#039;s isolation complete. Therefore Tuor remained in Gondolin and like his father before him he learned much from the Elves. He fell in love with [[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]], the daughter of the King, and she with him, and in {{FA|502}} they were married.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|WJ}}, &amp;quot;[[The Wanderings of Húrin]]&amp;quot;, note 18.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This union, as well as the favour of the King and the memory of his father, endeared Tuor to the people of Gondolin and he was made the leader of the [[House of the Wing]]. Only [[Maeglin]] and his followers harboured a secret hatred and jealousy of him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The Fall of Gondolin===&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:John Howe - The Fall of Gondolin.jpg|thumb|&#039;&#039;The Fall of Gondolin&#039;&#039; by [[John Howe]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
Soon after their union [[Eärendil]] ([[Quenya|Q]]: &#039;Sea-friend&#039;, reflecting the &#039;sea-longing&#039; Tuor passed to his son)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Letter297&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{L|297}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; was born to Tuor and Idril. But in {{FA|510}} Gondolin&#039;s secrecy finally failed. First Húrin, Tuor&#039;s uncle, released from Morgoth&#039;s long torment and attempting to enter the city, revealed its location in the [[Encircling Mountains]]. Still Morgoth would not have found an entrance to the city were it not for the treachery of Maeglin, who having defied the King&#039;s order and ventured outside the encircling mountains was captured by Orcs and brought to Angband &amp;amp;ndash; there he betrayed Turgon in return for the promise of the lordship of Gondolin and the possession of Idril.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the subsequent [[Fall of Gondolin|siege]] Tuor fought valiantly. He rescued Idril from Maeglin, throwing the Dark Elf from the walls of the city to his death. But in the end Gondolin fell and Turgon was killed. Tuor and Idril led the survivors of the sack in a desperate escape through the [[Idril&#039;s Secret Way|secret way]] Idril had prepared and over the mountains. Protected by Ulmo they journeyed down the vale of [[Sirion]] to the Havens at its mouth &amp;amp;ndash; the last refuge of the Elves of Beleriand. On the way the remnant of Gondolin stopped in [[Nan-tathren]] to make a feast in memory of the fallen, and here Tuor composed &#039;&#039;[[The Horns of Ylmir]]&#039;&#039; for his son Eärendil.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Fate===&lt;br /&gt;
Tuor and Idril dwelt for a while at the Mouths of Sirion. But eventually the sea-longing that had been instilled in him when he first came to the shores of Belegaer grew too strong. In {{FA|525}} he built a ship, [[Eärrámë]] ([[Quenya|Q]]: &#039;Sea-wing&#039;), and sailed to the [[Aman|West]] with Idril, and possibly Voronwë also.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WJ-TYears&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{HM|WJ}}, &amp;quot;[[Appendix B|The Tale of Years]]&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It was a tradition under the [[Eldar]] and [[Edain]] that they arrived in [[Valinor]], and that Tuor alone of Men was counted among the Eldar, immortal as other Elves.&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;note&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Apparently by the special will of [[Ilúvatar]] himself; see [[Letter 153]].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However Huor&#039;s prophecy on the field of Nírnaeth Arnoediad proved true. In the same year that Tuor and Idril departed Eärendil married [[Elwing]] in the [[Unions of Elves and Men|third union of Elves and Men]]. At first seeking after his father, he sailed to Valinor and roused the Valar to the [[War of Wrath]], and so became the prophesied saviour of the Elves and Men of Middle-earth. Through Eärendil Tuor was an ancestor of the [[Half-elven]] and the [[Kings of Númenor]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Character and traits==&lt;br /&gt;
Tuor was &amp;quot;fair of face&amp;quot; and inherited the golden hair of the [[House of Hador]]. As a man he was &amp;quot;strong and tall and valiant&amp;quot; and skilled at arms. But being raised by [[Elves]] he also had great lore and skill.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UT1p23-24&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{UT|1}}, pp. 23-24.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Genealogy==&lt;br /&gt;
His paternal grandfather [[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]] was the [[Lord of Dor-lómin]],&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;SComingOfMen&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{S|17}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; so Tuor technically inherited that title after the death of his cousin [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] in {{FA|499}}, though by that time Dor-lómin had long since ceased to exist as a realm of the Edain. In [[Gondolin]] he was made the [[Lord of the House of the Wing]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree/start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | MAR | | HAL | | BEO | | | | | | |MAR=[[Marach]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;[[House of Hador]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|HAL=[[Haldad]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;[[House of Haleth]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|BEO=[[Bëor]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;[[House of Bëor]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | |:| | | |:| | | |:| | | | | | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | GAL |y| HAR | | |:| TUR |y| ELE |GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{FA|417}} - [[First Age 462|462]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|HAR=[[Hareth]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;born {{FA|417}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|TUR=[[Turgon]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;born during [[Years of the Trees|YOTT]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|ELE=[[Elenwë]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;born during [[Years of the Trees|YOTT]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |:| | | |!| | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | MOR |y| HUR | | HUO |y| RIA | | |!| | | |MOR=[[Morwen]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{FA|443}} - c. [[First Age 500|500]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|HUR=[[Húrin]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{FA|439}} - c. [[First Age 500|500]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|HUO=[[Huor]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{FA|444}} - [[First Age 472|472]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|RIA=[[Rían]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{FA|450}} - [[First Age 472|472]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | TUR | | LAL | | NIE | | TUO |~|y|~| IDR | | |TUR=[[Túrin]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{FA|464}} - [[First Age 499|499]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|LAL=[[Lalaith]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{FA|466}} - [[First Age 469|469]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|NIE=[[Nienor]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{FA|473}} - [[First Age 499|499]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|TUO=&#039;&#039;&#039;TUOR&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;born {{FA|472}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|IDR=[[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;born during [[Years of the Trees|YOTT]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | ELW |y| EAR | | | | | |ELW=[[Elwing]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;born {{FA|503}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|EAR=[[Eärendil]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;born {{FA|503}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | ROS | | RON | | | | | |ROS=[[Elros]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|RON=[[Elrond]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;born {{FA|532}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree/end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Tuor&#039;&#039; was adapted to [[Sindarin]] from the language of the [[Edain]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 348, 364 (note 49)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref group=note&amp;gt;In a draft for a letter, Tolkien used the form &#039;&#039;Túor&#039;&#039; (cf. {{L|153}}).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the [[The Etymologies|&#039;&#039;Etymologies&#039;&#039;]], [[Noldorin]] &#039;&#039;Tuor&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;strength-vigour&amp;quot;) derives from [[Common Eldarin]] &#039;&#039;tūghor, tū-gor&#039;&#039; ([[Sundocarme|root]] TUG-).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 394&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the context of this etymology, &#039;&#039;Tuor&#039;&#039; can likely be analyzed as &#039;&#039;[[tû]]&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;strength&amp;quot;) + a derivative of root GOR (&amp;quot;violence, impetus, haste&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 359 (entry GOR-), 394 (entry TUG-)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tuor bore the epithets &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Eladar]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Quenya|Q.]] &#039;Starfather&#039;), &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ulmondil]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Quenya|Q.]] &#039;Friend of Ulmo&#039;)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;EladarUlmondil&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{HM|WJ}}, &amp;quot;[[Of the Coming of Men into the West]]&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and &#039;&#039;&#039;[[the Blessed]]&#039;&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TheBlessed&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{HM|WJ}} &amp;quot;[[The Grey Annals]]&amp;quot;, §144.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Versions of the Legendarium==&lt;br /&gt;
Tuor is intimately connected with the tale of &#039;The Fall of Gondolin&#039;, one of the core legends of the [[Elder Days]] and the earliest narratives of the [[legendarium]] to be composed by Tolkien.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIntro&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{UT|Introduction}}.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; A compressed version of the story written between 1926 and 1930 was edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and included in the published &#039;&#039;[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]&#039;&#039; as &#039;&#039;[[Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin]]&#039;&#039;. There also exists a more substantial but unfinished narrative, started by Tolkien in 1951, which was published in &#039;&#039;[[Unfinished Tales]]&#039;&#039; under the title &#039;&#039;[[Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin]]&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&#039;&#039;The Fall of Gondolin&#039;&#039;===&lt;br /&gt;
The only &#039;complete&#039; source on Tuor therefore remains the very early &#039;&#039;[[The Fall of Gondolin]]&#039;&#039;, written while Tolkien was on sick-leave from the army in [[1917]] and later incorporated into &#039;&#039;[[The Book of Lost Tales]]&#039;&#039;. In this version nothing is said about Tuor&#039;s early life and lineage, though later he introduces himself to the [[Gondolindrim|Gondothlim]] as &amp;quot;Tuor son of [[Peleg]] son of [[Indor]] of the [[house of the Swan]] of the sons of the Men of the North&amp;quot;. He is described as a hermit (&amp;quot;Tuor of the lonely heart&amp;quot;) living in the woods of Mithrim who simply happened upon the Gate of the Noldor and so came to live in a cave by the sea. Ulmo&amp;amp;mdash;employing swans, which Tuor as in later versions took as his emblem&amp;amp;mdash;then guided Tuor from the shores of the sea to a group Noldor, who took him through the fenland region of [[Arlisgion]] and hence to the [[Nan-tathren|Land of Willows]]. Here Tuor would have stayed, but Ulmo appeared to him directly and ordered him to seek Gondolin. In this version he did not receive his arms from Turgon until he reached Gondolin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Flight of the Doomed.jpg|thumb|280px|right|&#039;&#039;Flight of the Doomed&#039;&#039; by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Conversely Tuor&#039;s years in Gondolin are described more fully in the &#039;&#039;Lost Tale&#039;&#039; than in any subsequent text. He bore an axe called [[Dramborleg]] and is said to lived in a house on the southern wall of the city. He is also named as the leader of one of twelve Houses of Gondolin, the [[House of the Wing]], whose emblem was the wing of a swan or gull. Tuor&#039;s deeds in the [[Fall of Gondolin|battle for the city]] are also given. After rescuing Idril and [[Eärendil|Eärendel]] from the treacherous [[Maeglin|Meglin]], and leaving Voronwë to guard them, he and his company made their way to the battle at the gate. Here they fought alongside [[Ecthelion|Ecthelion of the Fountain]] as [[dragons]] pulled down the walls of the city and enemies poured in. Tuor is said to have slain three [[orcs|orc-lords]]: [[Othrod]], [[Balcmeg]] and [[Lug]]; as well as five [[balrogs]]. Eventually however he was forced to retreat bearing the injured Ecthelion. After being rescued by [[Galdor of the Tree|Galdor]] in the [[Square of the Folkwell]], he rallied what remained of the defenders of the city and made for the [[Square of the Palace of Turgon|King&#039;s Square]]. During its defence Tuor was set upon by [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog, lord of Balrogs]] and would have perished, but Ecthelion came to his aid and slew the Balrog, going to his own death in the attempt. At this point Turgon conceded the city was lost, as [[Doom of Mandos|Mandos had foretold]], and though he himself resolved to stay in the city ordered Tuor to lead the survivors through Idril&#039;s secret way. When they emerged onto the plain of [[Tumladen|Tumladin]] a [[Ulmo|miraculous]] mist, and Tuor rescued Eärendel, who had fled the city earlier with a servant called [[Hendor]], from a pack of wolf-riders. Tuor and the refugees were then attacked once more as they fled over the encircling mountains, by a balrog, but [[Thorondor]] and his [[eagles]] came to their aid. [[Glorfindel]] slew the balrog but was himself killed when its body fell on him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;Fall of Gondolin&#039;&#039; ends with Tuor, Idril and Eärendel living at the Mouths of Sirion, however in Tolkien&#039;s notes for what was to be the next chapter of &#039;&#039;The Book of Lost Tales&#039;&#039; he mentions that Tuor disappeared while at sea.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;LT2Earendel&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{HM|LT2}}, &amp;quot;[[The Tale of Eärendel]]&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the different manuscripts of &#039;&#039;The Fall of Gondolin&#039;&#039; Tolkien alternated between Tuor and &#039;&#039;&#039;Tûr&#039;&#039;&#039;, but eventually settled on Tuor in the 1930s &#039;&#039;Silmarillion&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Images of Tuor|Images of Tuor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references|note}}&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;{{S|23}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{UT|1}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{HM|WJ}}, &amp;quot;[[The Grey Annals]]&amp;quot;. (Dates).&lt;br /&gt;
* {{HM|WJ}}, &amp;quot;[[The Tale of Years (War of the Jewels)|The Tale of Years]]&amp;quot;. (Dates).&lt;br /&gt;
* {{HM|LT2}}, &amp;quot;[[The Fall of Gondolin]]&amp;quot;. (Non-canon).&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:House of Hador]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sindarin names]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Tuor]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple_de_hador/tuor]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Tuor]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226103</id>
		<title>Gríma</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226103"/>
		<updated>2013-01-29T06:22:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{expansion}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{rohirrim infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:John Alvin - Untitled (Theoden and Wormtongue).jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Gríma&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| titles=&lt;br /&gt;
| position=King&#039;s Advisor&lt;br /&gt;
| location=&lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation=[[Saruman]]&lt;br /&gt;
| language=&lt;br /&gt;
| birth=&lt;br /&gt;
| birthlocation=&lt;br /&gt;
| rule=&lt;br /&gt;
| death=[[3 November]] {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
| deathlocation=[[Bag End]]&lt;br /&gt;
| age=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| house=&lt;br /&gt;
| parentage=[[Gálmód]]&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=&lt;br /&gt;
| children=&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=&lt;br /&gt;
| height=Tall{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=Dark{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=Dark&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| clothing=&lt;br /&gt;
| weapons=Knife&lt;br /&gt;
| steed=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Gríma Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&#039; (died [[Third Age]] November 3, 3019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B4}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; was the chief advisor to King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]]. He was the son of [[Gálmód]].&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Gríma was secretly in thrall to [[Saruman]], who had promised him [[Éowyn]]. Gríma not only informed Saruman about the secrets of [[Rohan]], but also worked to weaken Théoden and his kingdom with his words and poison.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the [[War of the Ring]], the Nine [[Nazgûl]] came to Rohan and questioned Wormtongue, who, terrified, answered that the [[Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] had passed through Rohan, and also revealed to them where the [[Shire]] was. He also told them that Saruman had lied to them in this information, revealing his treachery against [[Sauron]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|hunt}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Upon [[Gandalf]]&#039;s arrival, he tried to discredit Gandalf, until he managed to heal Théoden. After this, &amp;quot;many things which men had missed&amp;quot; were found locked in Gríma&#039;s trunk and he was given a grim choice: ride into battle or into exile.&amp;lt;ref name=Golden&amp;gt;{{TT|III6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Choosing the latter, he went to dwell with Saruman at [[Orthanc]], where he witnessed the [[Battle of Isengard]]. Following the confrontation between Saruman and Gandalf, he mistakenly threw a &amp;quot;heavy rock&amp;quot;&amp;amp;mdash;which was actually the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; [[Orthanc-stone|of Orthanc]]&amp;amp;mdash;at the [[Rohirrim]] accompanying Gandalf, an act for which Saruman seems to have punished him severely.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TT|III10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Saruman is Overtaken.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - Saruman is Overtaken]]&lt;br /&gt;
While being held there, he was reduced more weak and thin. When [[Treebeard]] released them in August, they left. On their way, they were confronted by Gandalf, [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]] and the Hobbits on their way to northern [[Dunland]]. They found them as traveling beggars and Saruman kicked Gríma to move on, as he exclaimed how he hated his master. Galadriel told Gríma that he was free to leave him but he did not reply.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|Partings}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saruman had already been exerting his control over the Shire from afar by sending [[ruffians|evil Men]] there, thus Saruman sought his revenge in petty tyranny over the hobbits. During this time Grima became increasingly degraded until he was a crawling wretch, almost resembling [[Gollum]], and Saruman shortened his nickname to &amp;quot;Worm&amp;quot;. During this time he killed [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]], and may have eaten him.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8&amp;gt;{{RK|VI8}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Spurred by the words of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] that he did not have to follow Saruman, and being pushed over the edge when Saruman scorned him, he used a hidden knife to slit the throat of [[Saruman]] and darted down the road. He was quickly killed by several Hobbit arrows.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Gríma&#039;&#039; derives from the [[Old English]] or [[wikipedia:Icelandic language|Icelandic]] word meaning &amp;quot;mask, visor, helmet&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;spectre&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]] (2008), &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader&#039;s Companion]]&#039;&#039;, p. 404&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hálfdan Helgason (1991), [http://www.halfdan.is/vestur/nofn.htm#grím &#039;&#039;The Emigration from Iceland to North America: Icelandic first names&#039;&#039;], accessed 12 October 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/017508 gríma]&amp;quot;  at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is also possible to link the name to the English word &amp;quot;grim&amp;quot;, which among other characteristics meant &amp;quot;ugly&amp;quot; in Old English.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009520 EORL]&amp;quot; at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039; is a modernized form of [[Old English]] &#039;&#039;wyrm-tunge&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;snake-tongue&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|N}}, p. 764&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in Adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|right|Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|[[Brad Dourif]] as Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1956: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Bernard Rebel]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma Wormtongue was voiced by [[Michael Deacon]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1979 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[John Vickery]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1981 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Paul Brooke]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma is played by [[Brad Dourif]]. The reason for Gríma&#039;s pale and emaciated appearance in the movie is not entirely clear. Perhaps it is meant to suggest that by throwing in his lot with Saruman he has started down the same path to physical and mental corruption that caused Gollum to become a twisted parody of his original self, although it is just as likely that Jackson simply wanted to make it clear that Wormtongue was one of the &amp;quot;bad guys&amp;quot; in the large and confusing cast of characters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The events of &amp;quot;[[The Scouring of the Shire]]&amp;quot; do not appear in the film version, so Saruman&#039;s death was moved to an earlier scene. Other than the location, which was moved to the tower of [[Orthanc]], the manner of their deaths is very much the same. As in the book, Gríma kills Saruman, but by stabbing him in the back, not slitting his throat. Saruman&#039;s body then falls from the tower and is impaled on a spiked wheel, one of the remnants of his war machines. Gríma himself is shot by an arrow fired by Legolas, thereby mirroring his death in the book. This scene was to have included a line where Saruman blamed Gríma for killing [[Théodred]], replacing Lotho in the context of that scene, but the line was cut out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2009: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Kirk Thornton]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Images of Gríma|Images of Gríma ]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grima}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Gríma Schlangenzunge]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/grima]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Gríma]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226102</id>
		<title>Gríma</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226102"/>
		<updated>2013-01-29T06:21:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{expansion}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{rohirrim infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:John Alvin - Untitled (Theoden and Wormtongue).jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Gríma&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| titles=&lt;br /&gt;
| position=King&#039;s Advisor&lt;br /&gt;
| location=&lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation=[[Saruman]]&lt;br /&gt;
| language=&lt;br /&gt;
| birth=&lt;br /&gt;
| birthlocation=&lt;br /&gt;
| rule=&lt;br /&gt;
| death=[[3 November]] {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
| deathlocation=[[Bag End]]&lt;br /&gt;
| age=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| house=&lt;br /&gt;
| parentage=[[Gálmód]]&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=&lt;br /&gt;
| children=&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=&lt;br /&gt;
| height=Tall{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=Dark{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=Dark&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| clothing=&lt;br /&gt;
| weapons=Knife&lt;br /&gt;
| steed=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Gríma Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&#039; (died [[Third Age]] November 3, 3019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B4}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; was the chief advisor to King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]]. He was the son of [[Gálmód]].&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Gríma was secretly in thrall to [[Saruman]], who had promised him [[Éowyn]]. Gríma not only informed Saruman about the secrets of [[Rohan]], but also worked to weaken Théoden and his kingdom with his words and poison.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the [[War of the Ring]], the Nine [[Nazgûl]] came to Rohan and questioned Wormtongue, who, terrified, answered that the [[Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] had passed through Rohan, and also revealed to them where the [[Shire]] was. He also told them that Saruman had lied to them in this information, revealing his treachery against [[Sauron]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|hunt}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Upon [[Gandalf]]&#039;s arrival, he tried to discredit Gandalf, until he managed to heal Théoden. After this, &amp;quot;many things which men had missed&amp;quot; were found locked in Gríma&#039;s trunk and he was given a grim choice: ride into battle or into exile.&amp;lt;ref name=Golden&amp;gt;{{TT|III6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Choosing the latter, he went to dwell with Saruman at [[Orthanc]], where he witnessed the [[Battle of Isengard]]. Following the confrontation between Saruman and Gandalf, he mistakenly threw a &amp;quot;heavy rock&amp;quot;&amp;amp;mdash;which was actually the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; [[Orthanc-stone|of Orthanc]]&amp;amp;mdash;at the [[Rohirrim]] accompanying Gandalf, an act for which Saruman seems to have punished him severely.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TT|III10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Saruman is Overtaken.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - Saruman is Overtaken]]&lt;br /&gt;
While being held there, he was reduced more weak and thin. When [[Treebeard]] released them in August, they left. On their way, they were confronted by Gandalf, [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]] and the Hobbits on their way to northern [[Dunland]]. They found them as traveling beggars and Saruman kicked Gríma to move on, as he exclaimed how he hated his master. Galadriel told Gríma that he was free to leave him but he did not reply.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|Partings}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saruman had already been exerting his control over the Shire from afar by sending [[ruffians|evil Men]] there, thus Saruman sought his revenge in petty tyranny over the hobbits. During this time Grima became increasingly degraded until he was a crawling wretch, almost resembling [[Gollum]], and Saruman shortened his nickname to &amp;quot;Worm&amp;quot;. During this time he killed [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]], and may have eaten him.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8&amp;gt;{{RK|VI8}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Spurred by the words of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] that he did not have to follow Saruman, and being pushed over the edge when Saruman scorned him, he used a hidden knife to slit the throat of [[Saruman]] and darted down the road. He was quickly killed by several Hobbit arrows.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Gríma&#039;&#039; derives from the [[Old English]] or [[wikipedia:Icelandic language|Icelandic]] word meaning &amp;quot;mask, visor, helmet&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;spectre&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]] (2008), &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader&#039;s Companion]]&#039;&#039;, p. 404&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hálfdan Helgason (1991), [http://www.halfdan.is/vestur/nofn.htm#grím &#039;&#039;The Emigration from Iceland to North America: Icelandic first names&#039;&#039;], accessed 12 October 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/017508 gríma]&amp;quot;  at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is also possible to link the name to the English word &amp;quot;grim&amp;quot;, which among other characteristics meant &amp;quot;ugly&amp;quot; in Old English.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009520 EORL]&amp;quot; at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039; is a modernized form of [[Old English]] &#039;&#039;wyrm-tunge&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;snake-tongue&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|N}}, p. 764&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in Adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|right|Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|[[Brad Dourif]] as Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1956: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Bernard Rebel]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma Wormtongue was voiced by [[Michael Deacon]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1979 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[John Vickery]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1981 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Paul Brooke]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma is played by [[Brad Dourif]]. The reason for Gríma&#039;s pale and emaciated appearance in the movie is not entirely clear. Perhaps it is meant to suggest that by throwing in his lot with Saruman he has started down the same path to physical and mental corruption that caused Gollum to become a twisted parody of his original self, although it is just as likely that Jackson simply wanted to make it clear that Wormtongue was one of the &amp;quot;bad guys&amp;quot; in the large and confusing cast of characters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The events of &amp;quot;[[The Scouring of the Shire]]&amp;quot; do not appear in the film version, so Saruman&#039;s death was moved to an earlier scene. Other than the location, which was moved to the tower of [[Orthanc]], the manner of their deaths is very much the same. As in the book, Gríma kills Saruman, but by stabbing him in the back, not slitting his throat. Saruman&#039;s body then falls from the tower and is impaled on a spiked wheel, a remnant of his war machine. Gríma himself is shot by an arrow fired by Legolas, thereby mirroring his death in the book. This scene was to have included a line where Saruman blamed Gríma for killing [[Théodred]], replacing Lotho in the context of that scene, but the line was cut out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2009: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Kirk Thornton]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Images of Gríma|Images of Gríma ]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grima}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Gríma Schlangenzunge]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/grima]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Gríma]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226101</id>
		<title>Gríma</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226101"/>
		<updated>2013-01-29T06:21:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{expansion}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{rohirrim infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:John Alvin - Untitled (Theoden and Wormtongue).jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Gríma&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| titles=&lt;br /&gt;
| position=King&#039;s Advisor&lt;br /&gt;
| location=&lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation=[[Saruman]]&lt;br /&gt;
| language=&lt;br /&gt;
| birth=&lt;br /&gt;
| birthlocation=&lt;br /&gt;
| rule=&lt;br /&gt;
| death=[[3 November]] {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
| deathlocation=[[Bag End]]&lt;br /&gt;
| age=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| house=&lt;br /&gt;
| parentage=[[Gálmód]]&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=&lt;br /&gt;
| children=&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=&lt;br /&gt;
| height=Tall{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=Dark{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=Dark&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| clothing=&lt;br /&gt;
| weapons=Knife&lt;br /&gt;
| steed=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Gríma Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&#039; (died [[Third Age]] November 3, 3019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B4}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; was the chief advisor to King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]]. He was the son of [[Gálmód]].&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Gríma was secretly in thrall to [[Saruman]], who had promised him [[Éowyn]]. Gríma not only informed Saruman about the secrets of [[Rohan]], but also worked to weaken Théoden and his kingdom with his words and poison.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the [[War of the Ring]], the Nine [[Nazgûl]] came to Rohan and questioned Wormtongue, who, terrified, answered that the [[Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] had passed through Rohan, and also revealed to them where the [[Shire]] was. He also told them that Saruman had lied to them in this information, revealing his treachery against [[Sauron]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|hunt}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Upon [[Gandalf]]&#039;s arrival, he tried to discredit Gandalf, until he managed to heal Théoden. After this, &amp;quot;many things which men had missed&amp;quot; were found locked in Gríma&#039;s trunk and he was given a grim choice: ride into battle or into exile.&amp;lt;ref name=Golden&amp;gt;{{TT|III6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Choosing the latter, he went to dwell with Saruman at [[Orthanc]], where he witnessed the [[Battle of Isengard]]. Following the confrontation between Saruman and Gandalf, he mistakenly threw a &amp;quot;heavy rock&amp;quot;&amp;amp;mdash;which was actually the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; [[Orthanc-stone|of Orthanc]]&amp;amp;mdash;at the [[Rohirrim]] accompanying Gandalf, an act for which Saruman seems to have punished him severely.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TT|III10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Saruman is Overtaken.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - Saruman is Overtaken]]&lt;br /&gt;
While being held there, he was reduced more weak and thin. When [[Treebeard]] released them in August, they left. On their way, they were confronted by Gandalf, [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]] and the Hobbits on their way to northern [[Dunland]]. They found them as traveling beggars and Saruman kicked Gríma to move on, as he exclaimed how he hated his master. Galadriel told Gríma that he was free to leave him but he did not reply.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|Partings}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saruman had already been exerting his control over the Shire from afar by sending [[ruffians|evil Men]] there, thus Saruman sought his revenge in petty tyranny over the hobbits. During this time Grima became increasingly degraded until he was a crawling wretch, almost resembling [[Gollum]], and Saruman shortened his nickname to &amp;quot;Worm&amp;quot;. During this time he killed [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]], and may have eaten him.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8&amp;gt;{{RK|VI8}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Spurred by the words of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] that he did not have to follow Saruman, and being pushed over the edge when Saruman scorned him, he used a hidden knife to slit the throat of [[Saruman]] and darted down the road. He was quickly killed by several Hobbit arrows.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Gríma&#039;&#039; derives from the [[Old English]] or [[wikipedia:Icelandic language|Icelandic]] word meaning &amp;quot;mask, visor, helmet&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;spectre&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]] (2008), &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader&#039;s Companion]]&#039;&#039;, p. 404&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hálfdan Helgason (1991), [http://www.halfdan.is/vestur/nofn.htm#grím &#039;&#039;The Emigration from Iceland to North America: Icelandic first names&#039;&#039;], accessed 12 October 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/017508 gríma]&amp;quot;  at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is also possible to link the name to the English word &amp;quot;grim&amp;quot;, which among other characteristics meant &amp;quot;ugly&amp;quot; in Old English.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009520 EORL]&amp;quot; at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039; is a modernized form of [[Old English]] &#039;&#039;wyrm-tunge&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;snake-tongue&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|N}}, p. 764&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in Adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|right|Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|[[Brad Dourif]] as Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1956: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Bernard Rebel]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma Wormtongue was voiced by [[Michael Deacon]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1979 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[John Vickery]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1981 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Paul Brooke]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma is played by [[Brad Dourif]]. The reason for Gríma&#039;s pale and emaciated appearance in the movie is not entirely clear. Perhaps it is meant to suggest that by throwing in his lot with Saruman he has started down the same path to physical and mental corruption that caused Gollum to become a twisted parody of his original self, although it is just as likely that Jackson simply wanted to make it clear that Wormtongue was one of the &amp;quot;bad guys&amp;quot; in the large and confusing cast of characters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The events of &amp;quot;[[The Scouring of the Shire]]&amp;quot; do not appear in the film version, so Saruman&#039;s death was moved to an earlier scene. Other than the location, which was moved to the tower of [[Orthanc]] the manner of their deaths is very much the same. As in the book, Gríma kills Saruman, but by stabbing him in the back, not slitting his throat. Saruman&#039;s body then falls from the tower and is impaled on a spiked wheel, a remnant of his war machine. Gríma himself is shot by an arrow fired by Legolas, thereby mirroring his death in the book. This scene was to have included a line where Saruman blamed Gríma for killing [[Théodred]], replacing Lotho in the context of that scene, but the line was cut out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2009: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Kirk Thornton]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Images of Gríma|Images of Gríma ]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grima}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Gríma Schlangenzunge]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/grima]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Gríma]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226100</id>
		<title>Gríma</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226100"/>
		<updated>2013-01-29T06:16:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* History */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{expansion}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{rohirrim infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:John Alvin - Untitled (Theoden and Wormtongue).jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Gríma&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| titles=&lt;br /&gt;
| position=King&#039;s Advisor&lt;br /&gt;
| location=&lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation=[[Saruman]]&lt;br /&gt;
| language=&lt;br /&gt;
| birth=&lt;br /&gt;
| birthlocation=&lt;br /&gt;
| rule=&lt;br /&gt;
| death=[[3 November]] {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
| deathlocation=[[Bag End]]&lt;br /&gt;
| age=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| house=&lt;br /&gt;
| parentage=[[Gálmód]]&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=&lt;br /&gt;
| children=&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=&lt;br /&gt;
| height=Tall{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=Dark{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=Dark&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| clothing=&lt;br /&gt;
| weapons=Knife&lt;br /&gt;
| steed=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Gríma Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&#039; (died [[Third Age]] November 3, 3019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B4}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; was the chief advisor to King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]]. He was the son of [[Gálmód]].&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Gríma was secretly in thrall to [[Saruman]], who had promised him [[Éowyn]]. Gríma not only informed Saruman about the secrets of [[Rohan]], but also worked to weaken Théoden and his kingdom with his words and poison.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the [[War of the Ring]], the Nine [[Nazgûl]] came to Rohan and questioned Wormtongue, who, terrified, answered that the [[Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] had passed through Rohan, and also revealed to them where the [[Shire]] was. He also told them that Saruman had lied to them in this information, revealing his treachery against [[Sauron]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|hunt}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Upon [[Gandalf]]&#039;s arrival, he tried to discredit Gandalf, until he managed to heal Théoden. After this, &amp;quot;many things which men had missed&amp;quot; were found locked in Gríma&#039;s trunk and he was given a grim choice: ride into battle or into exile.&amp;lt;ref name=Golden&amp;gt;{{TT|III6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Choosing the latter, he went to dwell with Saruman at [[Orthanc]], where he witnessed the [[Battle of Isengard]]. Following the confrontation between Saruman and Gandalf, he mistakenly threw a &amp;quot;heavy rock&amp;quot;&amp;amp;mdash;which was actually the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; [[Orthanc-stone|of Orthanc]]&amp;amp;mdash;at the [[Rohirrim]] accompanying Gandalf, an act for which Saruman seems to have punished him severely.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TT|III10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Saruman is Overtaken.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - Saruman is Overtaken]]&lt;br /&gt;
While being held there, he was reduced more weak and thin. When [[Treebeard]] released them in August, they left. On their way, they were confronted by Gandalf, [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]] and the Hobbits on their way to northern [[Dunland]]. They found them as traveling beggars and Saruman kicked Gríma to move on, as he exclaimed how he hated his master. Galadriel told Gríma that he was free to leave him but he did not reply.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|Partings}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saruman had already been exerting his control over the Shire from afar by sending [[ruffians|evil Men]] there, thus Saruman sought his revenge in petty tyranny over the hobbits. During this time Grima became increasingly degraded until he was a crawling wretch, almost resembling [[Gollum]], and Saruman shortened his nickname to &amp;quot;Worm&amp;quot;. During this time he killed [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]], and may have eaten him.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8&amp;gt;{{RK|VI8}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Spurred by the words of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] that he did not have to follow Saruman, and being pushed over the edge when Saruman scorned him, he used a hidden knife to slit the throat of [[Saruman]] and darted down the road. He was quickly killed by several Hobbit arrows.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Gríma&#039;&#039; derives from the [[Old English]] or [[wikipedia:Icelandic language|Icelandic]] word meaning &amp;quot;mask, visor, helmet&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;spectre&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]] (2008), &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader&#039;s Companion]]&#039;&#039;, p. 404&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hálfdan Helgason (1991), [http://www.halfdan.is/vestur/nofn.htm#grím &#039;&#039;The Emigration from Iceland to North America: Icelandic first names&#039;&#039;], accessed 12 October 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/017508 gríma]&amp;quot;  at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is also possible to link the name to the English word &amp;quot;grim&amp;quot;, which among other characteristics meant &amp;quot;ugly&amp;quot; in Old English.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009520 EORL]&amp;quot; at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039; is a modernized form of [[Old English]] &#039;&#039;wyrm-tunge&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;snake-tongue&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|N}}, p. 764&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in Adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|right|Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|[[Brad Dourif]] as Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1956: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Bernard Rebel]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma Wormtongue was voiced by [[Michael Deacon]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1979 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[John Vickery]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1981 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Paul Brooke]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma is played by [[Brad Dourif]]. The reason for Gríma&#039;s pale and emaciated appearance in the movie is not entirely clear. Perhaps it is meant to suggest that by throwing in his lot with Saruman he has started down the same path to physical and mental corruption that caused Gollum to become a twisted parody of his original self, although it is just as likely that Jackson simply wanted to make it clear that Wormtongue was one of the &amp;quot;bad guys&amp;quot; in the large and confusing cast of characters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The events of &amp;quot;[[The Scouring of the Shire]]&amp;quot; do not appear in the film version, so Saruman&#039;s death was moved to an earlier scene. Other than the location, the manner of their deaths is very much the same. As in the book, Gríma kills Saruman, but by stabbing him in the back, not slitting his throat. Saruman&#039;s body then falls from the tower and is impaled on a spiked wheel, a remnant of his war machine. Gríma himself is shot by an arrow fired by Legolas, thereby mirroring his death in the book. This scene was to have included a line where Saruman blamed Gríma for killing [[Théodred]], replacing Lotho in the context of that scene, but the line was cut out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2009: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Kirk Thornton]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Images of Gríma|Images of Gríma ]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grima}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Gríma Schlangenzunge]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/grima]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Gríma]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226099</id>
		<title>Gríma</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226099"/>
		<updated>2013-01-29T06:15:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* History */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{expansion}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{rohirrim infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:John Alvin - Untitled (Theoden and Wormtongue).jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Gríma&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| titles=&lt;br /&gt;
| position=King&#039;s Advisor&lt;br /&gt;
| location=&lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation=[[Saruman]]&lt;br /&gt;
| language=&lt;br /&gt;
| birth=&lt;br /&gt;
| birthlocation=&lt;br /&gt;
| rule=&lt;br /&gt;
| death=[[3 November]] {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
| deathlocation=[[Bag End]]&lt;br /&gt;
| age=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| house=&lt;br /&gt;
| parentage=[[Gálmód]]&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=&lt;br /&gt;
| children=&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=&lt;br /&gt;
| height=Tall{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=Dark{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=Dark&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| clothing=&lt;br /&gt;
| weapons=Knife&lt;br /&gt;
| steed=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Gríma Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&#039; (died [[Third Age]] November 3, 3019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B4}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; was the chief advisor to King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]]. He was the son of [[Gálmód]].&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Gríma was secretly in thrall to [[Saruman]], who had promised him [[Éowyn]]. Gríma not only informed Saruman about the secrets of [[Rohan]], but also worked to weaken Théoden and his kingdom with his words and poison.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the [[War of the Ring]], the Nine [[Nazgûl]] came to Rohan and questioned Wormtongue, who, terrified, answered that the [[Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] had passed through Rohan, and also revealed to them where the [[Shire]] was. He also told them that Saruman had lied to them in this information, revealing his treachery against [[Sauron]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|hunt}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Upon [[Gandalf]]&#039;s arrival, he tried to discredit Gandalf, until he managed to heal Théoden. After this, &amp;quot;many things which men had missed&amp;quot; were found locked in Gríma&#039;s trunk and he was given a grim choice: ride into battle or into exile.&amp;lt;ref name=Golden&amp;gt;{{TT|III6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Choosing the latter, he went to dwell with Saruman at [[Orthanc]], where he witnessed the [[Battle of Isengard]]. Following the confrontation between Saruman and Gandalf, he mistakenly threw a &amp;quot;heavy rock&amp;quot;&amp;amp;mdash;which was actually the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; [[Orthanc-stone|of Orthanc]]&amp;amp;mdash;at the [[Rohirrim]] accompanying Gandalf, an act for which Saruman seems to have punished him severely.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TT|III10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Saruman is Overtaken.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - Saruman is Overtaken]]&lt;br /&gt;
While being held there, he was reduced more weak and thin. When [[Treebeard]] released them in August, they left. On their way, they were confronted by Gandalf, [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]] and the Hobbits on their way to northern [[Dunland]]. They found them as traveling beggars and Saruman kicked Gríma to move on, as he exclaimed how he hated his master. Galadriel told Gríma that he was free to leave him but he did not reply.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|Partings}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saruman had already been exerting his control over the Shire from afar by sending [[ruffians|evil Men]] there, thus Saruman sought his revenge in petty tyranny over the hobbits. During this time he became increasingly degraded until he was a crawling wretch, almost resembling [[Gollum]], and Saruman shortened his nickname to &amp;quot;Worm&amp;quot;. During this time he killed [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]], and may have eaten him.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8&amp;gt;{{RK|VI8}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Spurred by the words of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] that he did not have to follow Saruman, and being pushed over the edge when Saruman scorned him, he used a hidden knife to slit the throat of [[Saruman]] and darted down the road. He was quickly killed by several Hobbit arrows.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Gríma&#039;&#039; derives from the [[Old English]] or [[wikipedia:Icelandic language|Icelandic]] word meaning &amp;quot;mask, visor, helmet&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;spectre&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]] (2008), &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader&#039;s Companion]]&#039;&#039;, p. 404&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hálfdan Helgason (1991), [http://www.halfdan.is/vestur/nofn.htm#grím &#039;&#039;The Emigration from Iceland to North America: Icelandic first names&#039;&#039;], accessed 12 October 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/017508 gríma]&amp;quot;  at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is also possible to link the name to the English word &amp;quot;grim&amp;quot;, which among other characteristics meant &amp;quot;ugly&amp;quot; in Old English.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009520 EORL]&amp;quot; at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039; is a modernized form of [[Old English]] &#039;&#039;wyrm-tunge&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;snake-tongue&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|N}}, p. 764&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in Adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|right|Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|[[Brad Dourif]] as Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1956: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Bernard Rebel]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma Wormtongue was voiced by [[Michael Deacon]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1979 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[John Vickery]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1981 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Paul Brooke]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma is played by [[Brad Dourif]]. The reason for Gríma&#039;s pale and emaciated appearance in the movie is not entirely clear. Perhaps it is meant to suggest that by throwing in his lot with Saruman he has started down the same path to physical and mental corruption that caused Gollum to become a twisted parody of his original self, although it is just as likely that Jackson simply wanted to make it clear that Wormtongue was one of the &amp;quot;bad guys&amp;quot; in the large and confusing cast of characters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The events of &amp;quot;[[The Scouring of the Shire]]&amp;quot; do not appear in the film version, so Saruman&#039;s death was moved to an earlier scene. Other than the location, the manner of their deaths is very much the same. As in the book, Gríma kills Saruman, but by stabbing him in the back, not slitting his throat. Saruman&#039;s body then falls from the tower and is impaled on a spiked wheel, a remnant of his war machine. Gríma himself is shot by an arrow fired by Legolas, thereby mirroring his death in the book. This scene was to have included a line where Saruman blamed Gríma for killing [[Théodred]], replacing Lotho in the context of that scene, but the line was cut out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2009: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Kirk Thornton]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Images of Gríma|Images of Gríma ]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grima}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Gríma Schlangenzunge]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/grima]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Gríma]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226098</id>
		<title>Gríma</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADma&amp;diff=226098"/>
		<updated>2013-01-29T06:12:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* History */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{expansion}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{rohirrim infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:John Alvin - Untitled (Theoden and Wormtongue).jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Gríma&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| titles=&lt;br /&gt;
| position=King&#039;s Advisor&lt;br /&gt;
| location=&lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation=[[Saruman]]&lt;br /&gt;
| language=&lt;br /&gt;
| birth=&lt;br /&gt;
| birthlocation=&lt;br /&gt;
| rule=&lt;br /&gt;
| death=[[3 November]] {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
| deathlocation=[[Bag End]]&lt;br /&gt;
| age=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| house=&lt;br /&gt;
| parentage=[[Gálmód]]&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=&lt;br /&gt;
| children=&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=&lt;br /&gt;
| height=Tall{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=Dark{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=Dark&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| clothing=&lt;br /&gt;
| weapons=Knife&lt;br /&gt;
| steed=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Gríma Wormtongue&#039;&#039;&#039; (died [[Third Age]] November 3, 3019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B4}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; was the chief advisor to King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]]. He was the son of [[Gálmód]].&amp;lt;ref name=Golden/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Gríma was secretly in thrall to [[Saruman]], who had promised him [[Éowyn]]. Gríma not only informed Saruman about the secrets of [[Rohan]], but also worked to weaken Théoden and his kingdom with his words and poison.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the [[War of the Ring]], the Nine [[Nazgûl]] came to Rohan and questioned Wormtongue, who, terrified, answered that the [[Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] had passed through Rohan, and also revealed to them where the [[Shire]] was. He also told them that Saruman had lied to them in this information, revealing his treachery against [[Sauron]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|hunt}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Upon [[Gandalf]]&#039;s arrival, he tried to discredit Gandalf, until he managed to heal Théoden. After this, &amp;quot;many things which men had missed&amp;quot; were found locked in Gríma&#039;s trunk and he was given a grim choice: ride into battle or into exile.&amp;lt;ref name=Golden&amp;gt;{{TT|III6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Choosing the latter, he went to dwell with Saruman at [[Orthanc]], where he witnessed the [[Battle of Isengard]]. Following the confrontation between Saruman and Gandalf, he mistakenly threw a &amp;quot;heavy rock&amp;quot;&amp;amp;mdash;which was actually the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; [[Orthanc-stone|of Orthanc]]&amp;amp;mdash;at the [[Rohirrim]] accompanying Gandalf, an act for which Saruman seems to have punished him severely.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TT|III10}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Saruman is Overtaken.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - Saruman is Overtaken]]&lt;br /&gt;
While being held there, he was reduced more weak and thin. When [[Treebeard]] released them in August, they left. On their way, they were confronted by Gandalf, [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]] and the Hobbits on their way to northern [[Dunland]]. They found them as traveling beggars and Saruman kicked Gríma to move on, as he exclaimed how he hated his master. Galadriel told Gríma that he was free to leave him but he did not reply.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|Partings}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saruman had already been exerting his control over the Shire from afar by sending [[ruffians|evil Men]] there, so the two sought revenge in petty tyranny over the hobbits. During this time he became increasingly degraded until he was a crawling wretch, almost resembling [[Gollum]], and Saruman shortened his nickname to &amp;quot;Worm&amp;quot;. During this time he killed [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]], and may have eaten him.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8&amp;gt;{{RK|VI8}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Spurred by the words of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] that he did not have to follow Saruman, and being pushed over the edge when Saruman scorned him, he used a hidden knife to slit the throat of [[Saruman]] and darted down the road. He was quickly killed by several Hobbit arrows.&amp;lt;ref name=RKVI8/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Gríma&#039;&#039; derives from the [[Old English]] or [[wikipedia:Icelandic language|Icelandic]] word meaning &amp;quot;mask, visor, helmet&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;spectre&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]] (2008), &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader&#039;s Companion]]&#039;&#039;, p. 404&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Hálfdan Helgason (1991), [http://www.halfdan.is/vestur/nofn.htm#grím &#039;&#039;The Emigration from Iceland to North America: Icelandic first names&#039;&#039;], accessed 12 October 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/017508 gríma]&amp;quot;  at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is also possible to link the name to the English word &amp;quot;grim&amp;quot;, which among other characteristics meant &amp;quot;ugly&amp;quot; in Old English.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Joseph Bosworth, &amp;quot;[http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009520 EORL]&amp;quot; at &#039;&#039;An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary&#039;&#039; (online, accessed 12 October 2010)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039; is a modernized form of [[Old English]] &#039;&#039;wyrm-tunge&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;snake-tongue&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|N}}, p. 764&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in Adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|right|Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Gríma Wormtongue.jpg|thumb|[[Brad Dourif]] as Gríma Wormtongue in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1956: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Bernard Rebel]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma Wormtongue was voiced by [[Michael Deacon]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1979 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[John Vickery]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1981 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Paul Brooke]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Gríma is played by [[Brad Dourif]]. The reason for Gríma&#039;s pale and emaciated appearance in the movie is not entirely clear. Perhaps it is meant to suggest that by throwing in his lot with Saruman he has started down the same path to physical and mental corruption that caused Gollum to become a twisted parody of his original self, although it is just as likely that Jackson simply wanted to make it clear that Wormtongue was one of the &amp;quot;bad guys&amp;quot; in the large and confusing cast of characters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The events of &amp;quot;[[The Scouring of the Shire]]&amp;quot; do not appear in the film version, so Saruman&#039;s death was moved to an earlier scene. Other than the location, the manner of their deaths is very much the same. As in the book, Gríma kills Saruman, but by stabbing him in the back, not slitting his throat. Saruman&#039;s body then falls from the tower and is impaled on a spiked wheel, a remnant of his war machine. Gríma himself is shot by an arrow fired by Legolas, thereby mirroring his death in the book. This scene was to have included a line where Saruman blamed Gríma for killing [[Théodred]], replacing Lotho in the context of that scene, but the line was cut out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2009: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Kirk Thornton]] played Gríma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Images of Gríma|Images of Gríma ]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grima}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Gríma Schlangenzunge]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/grima]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Gríma]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rohirrim&amp;diff=226063</id>
		<title>Rohirrim</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rohirrim&amp;diff=226063"/>
		<updated>2013-01-28T16:18:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{cleanup}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{race&lt;br /&gt;
|image=[[Image:Rohirrim.jpeg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Rohirrim&lt;br /&gt;
|dominions=[[Rohan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|languages=[[Rohirric]]&lt;br /&gt;
|height=average&lt;br /&gt;
|length=&lt;br /&gt;
|skincolor=white&lt;br /&gt;
|haircolor=mostly blonde&lt;br /&gt;
|feathers=&lt;br /&gt;
|distinctions=&lt;br /&gt;
|lifespan=av. 70-80 years&lt;br /&gt;
|members=[[Eorl the Young]], [[Helm]], [[Théoden|Theoden]], [[Éomer]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Rohirrim&#039;&#039;&#039;, or the &#039;&#039;&#039;Horse-lords&#039;&#039;&#039;, were a horse people, settling in the land of [[Rohan]], named after them. The name Rohirrim was mostly used by outsiders: the name they had for themselves was &#039;&#039;&#039;Eorlingas&#039;&#039;&#039; (meaning sons of Eorl), after their king [[Eorl the Young]] who had first brought them to Rohan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The terms &#039;&#039;&#039;Riders of Rohan&#039;&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;&#039;Riders of the Mark&#039;&#039;&#039; are commonly used and refer specifically to their mounted soldiers. The &#039;&#039;&#039;King&#039;s Riders&#039;&#039;&#039; were specifically the Riders who formed the bodyguard of the King.&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The Rohirrim were descendants of the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]]. They did not go to [[Beleriand]] like the Edain who were later rewarded with the island of [[Númenor]] by the [[Valar]]. The ancestors of the Rohirrim were known as the &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Éothéod]]&#039;&#039;&#039; (q.v.).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Éothéod were a race of [[Men]] that lived in the vales of the Great River [[Anduin]], but that removed to [[Calenardhon]] which was granted them in perpetuity by the [[Stewards of Gondor|Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]], [[Cirion]] in reward for the assistance that they offered Gondor at a time of great need, the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At that time Calenardhon was renamed [[Rohan]] (&#039;&#039;Horse-land&#039;&#039;) after their many horses. By the Rohirrim themselves Rohan was usually called &#039;&#039;&#039;[[The Mark]]&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Dúnedain]] of Gondor believed that the Rohirrim were distantly related to them (having descended from the [[Atanatári]] of the [[First Age]]) and described them as &#039;&#039;[[Middle Men]]&#039;&#039;, that being inferior to the [[Númenóreans]] in both culture and descent, but superior to the &#039;&#039;[[Men of Darkness]]&#039;&#039; who had worshipped and served [[Sauron]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, this was a piece of Númenórean fiction meant to satisfy the national pride of the people of Gondor for the surrender of the territory of Calenardhon -- in reality there had been no common ancestry between the people of Rohan and of Gondor.{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the subsequent history of the Rohirrim as allies of Gondor see [[Rohan#History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Description==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:John Howe - Rohirrim.jpg|thumb|left|&#039;&#039;Rohirrim&#039;&#039; by [[John Howe]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Rohirrim were tall, blonde, and mostly had blue eyes. They prized their horses more than anything, and their entire culture was based around these. They had few cities, but lived in many villages on the plains of Rohan. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;They are proud and wilful, but they are true-hearted, generous in thought and deed; bold but not cruel; wise but unlearned, writing no books but singing many songs, after the manner of the children of Men before the Dark Years. &#039;&#039; &amp;amp;#8212; [[The Lord of the Rings]]: The Two Towers&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Culture==&lt;br /&gt;
The Rohirrim had had contacts with [[Elves]] in their ancient history, and knew of [[Ilúvatar|Eru]], but like the Dúnedain they did not worship him in any temples. They seem to have valued the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Oromë]] the Hunter highly, whom they called [[Oromë#History|Béma]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They were ruled by a line of kings descended from Eorl the Young, who had first brought them to Rohan, and in time of war all able men rode to meet the Muster of Rohan.&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Horses]]===&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Peter Xavier Price - The Ride of the Rohirrim.jpg|thumb|right|&#039;&#039;The Ride of the Rohirrim&#039;&#039; by [[Peter Xavier Price]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Rohirrim are famous as skilled horsemen, masters and breeders. Among the horses of the Rohirrim are the famed [[Mearas]], the noblest and fastest horses who have ever roamed [[Arda]]; [[Shadowfax]] was the greatest of all Mearas.  There were very few Mearas left in Middle-earth at this point, but there were enough that a breeding population was present.  The armies of Rohan are almost exclusively cavalry, divided into irregular units termed [[éoreds]].  Rohan&#039;s armies were more of a very well trained militia called upon in times of war, with the actual standing army relatively small.  The professional career-soldiers of Rohan may have been limited to the royal bodyguard at Edoras.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was because of this close affiliation with horses, both in war and peace, that they received their now famous name. &#039;&#039;Rohirrim&#039;&#039; (or more properly &#039;&#039;Rochirrim&#039;&#039;) is [[Sindarin]] for &amp;quot;Horse-lords,&amp;quot; and &#039;&#039;Rohan&#039;&#039; (or &#039;&#039;Rochand&#039;&#039;) meant &amp;quot;Land of the Horse-lords.&amp;quot; These names were devised by Hallas, son of Cirion the Steward.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the early days of the [[War of the Ring]], rumours were spread that the Rohirrim supplied Sauron&#039;s armies with horses. These rumours were obviously false: the Rohirrim valued their horses more than anything, and would never send them away, even as tribute.  Still these rumours had some effect, in that they obscured the fact it was Saruman who had fallen, rather than Rohan.  The basis of the rumour was that Sauron&#039;s [[Orcs]] on raids into Rohan stole their horses for use in Mordor&#039;s army, but this was outright theft that angered the Rohirrim against Sauron.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Language===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Rohirric}}&lt;br /&gt;
The Rohirrim spoke a language descended from that of the [[Éothéod]], related to that of the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion (Realm)|Rhovanion]]. In comparison to [[Westron]], it was mostly archaic and was not easily understood by the speakers of Westron.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Rohirrim wrote with a [[Mannish]] version of the [[cirth]], although they did not have a literature, preferring oral tradition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Important Rohirrim ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kings of Rohan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Théodred]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Éowyn]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Erkenbrand]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Elfhelm]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Various participants in the final wars&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Rohirrim&#039;&#039; is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning &amp;quot;the host of the Horse-lords&amp;quot;,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{L|144}}, p. 178&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; consisting of the element &#039;&#039;[[Horses#Names|roch]]&#039;&#039; + &#039;&#039;[[hîr]]&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;lord, master&amp;quot;) + &#039;&#039;[[rim|rĩm]]&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;host&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{L|297}}, p. 382&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[:Category:Images of Rohirrim|Images of Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kings of Rohan]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rohirrim| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sindarin names]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fa:روهیریم]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Helm%27s_Deep&amp;diff=226041</id>
		<title>Helm&#039;s Deep</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Helm%27s_Deep&amp;diff=226041"/>
		<updated>2013-01-27T17:45:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* History */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{cleanup}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{disambig-more|Helm&#039;s Deep|[[Helm&#039;s Deep (disambiguation)]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{location&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Helm&#039;s Deep and the Hornburg.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Helm&#039;s Deep&lt;br /&gt;
| type=Valley/Stronghold&lt;br /&gt;
| location=[[White Mountains]]&lt;br /&gt;
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]], Later [[Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
| realms=Firstly [[Gondor]], then [[Rohan]]&lt;br /&gt;
| description=&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&lt;br /&gt;
| etymology=&lt;br /&gt;
| events=[[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm&#039;s Deep]]&lt;br /&gt;
| references=[[The Two Towers]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Helm&#039;s Deep&#039;&#039;&#039; was a large valley in the north-western [[Ered Nimrais]] (White Mountains) below the [[Thrihyrne]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The valley was blocked over its entire width by the trench and rampart called &#039;&#039;[[Helm&#039;s Dike]]&#039;&#039; and behind that lay the fortress called by Men the &#039;&#039;[[Súthburg]]&#039;&#039;, at the entrance to the [[Glittering Caves]].&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Jef Murray - Helm&#039;s Deep.jpg|thumb|&#039;&#039;Helm&#039;s Deep&#039;&#039; by [[Jef Murray]]|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Originally the valley was home to a small [[Gondor]]ian regiment, but after [[Calenardhon]] became [[Rohan]] it became an encampment of the [[Rohirrim]], where the guards of the [[Fords of Isen]] lived.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the war with the [[Dunlendings]] under [[Wulf]], the Rohirrim under King [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] and many of his people sought refuge in the keep, where they held out during the winter of {{TA|2758}} and {{TA|2759|n}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A long causeway wound up to the great gate of the fortress itself.  Inside the keep there were stables and an armoury, as well as a great hall in the rear which was dug out of the mountainside.  There also was a great tower the top of which consisted of the great horn of [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]].  The Deep which stood next to the fortress was barred by the long Deeping Wall, which consisted of solid rock except for a small culvert which allowed water from the [[Deeping-stream|Deeping Stream]] to enter; this rendered a fresh supply in sieges of great length.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the [[War of the Ring]] the fortress guarding Helm&#039;s Deep again became the refuge of some of the Rohirrim, now under King [[Théoden]], and the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] was fought there.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[:Category:Images of Helm&#039;s Deep|Images of Helm&#039;s Deep]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:White Mountains]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Fortresses]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Valleys]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rohan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Helms Klamm]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Helmin syvänne]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ruin_of_Osgiliath&amp;diff=225972</id>
		<title>Ruin of Osgiliath</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ruin_of_Osgiliath&amp;diff=225972"/>
		<updated>2013-01-26T08:14:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Unnamed}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{disambig-more|Battle of Osgiliath|[[Battle of Osgiliath (disambiguation)]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{battle&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Uruk-hai attack on Osgiliath&lt;br /&gt;
|image=&lt;br /&gt;
|conflict=&lt;br /&gt;
|date={{TA|2475}}&lt;br /&gt;
|place=[[Osgiliath]]&lt;br /&gt;
|result=Victory for [[Sauron]], final ruin of the city&lt;br /&gt;
|side1=[[Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
|side2=[[Mordor]]&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]] (son of [[Denethor I]])&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=&lt;br /&gt;
* Unknown&lt;br /&gt;
|forces1=Unknown&lt;br /&gt;
|forces2=Unknown&lt;br /&gt;
|casual1=Unknown&lt;br /&gt;
|casual2=Unknown&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;The Uruk-hai attack on Osgiliath&#039;&#039;&#039; in {{TA|2475}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|TA}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; was the first large-scale attack against [[Gondor]] after the end of the [[Watchful Peace]].  The race of uruks, described as black [[Orcs|orcs]] of great strength, first appeared in this battle and were able to sweep across [[Ithilien]] and take [[Osgiliath]].  [[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]] son of [[Denethor I]] was able to defeat this force and clear them from Ithilien, but the city was finally ruined, its great stone-bridge was broken, and no one lived in the city thereafter.  During this brief war Boromir received a Morgul-wound that shrunk him with pain and caused his premature death but twelve years after his father.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|Stewards}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{References}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Hornburg&amp;diff=225971</id>
		<title>Battle of the Hornburg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Hornburg&amp;diff=225971"/>
		<updated>2013-01-26T08:06:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{sources}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{disambig-more|Helm&#039;s Deep|[[Helm&#039;s Deep (disambiguation)]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{battle&lt;br /&gt;
|image=[[File:Alan Lee - The Battle at Helm&#039;s Deep.jpg|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Battle of the Hornburg&lt;br /&gt;
|conflict=[[War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
|date=3-4 March 3-4 {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
|place=[[Helm&#039;s Deep]] (especially the [[Hornburg]])&lt;br /&gt;
|result=	Victory for the [[Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
|side1= [[Rohirrim]], [[Three Hunters]], [[Huorns]]&lt;br /&gt;
|side2= [[Uruk-hai]] of [[Isengard]], [[Dunlendings]]&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=*[[Théoden]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Éomer]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Erkenbrand]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Gandalf]]&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=*Unknown&lt;br /&gt;
|forces1= About 3000 Rohirrim, a &amp;quot;forest&amp;quot; of [[Huorns]]&lt;br /&gt;
|forces2= 10,000 at the least&lt;br /&gt;
|casual1= Heavy, but precise numbers are unknown&lt;br /&gt;
|casual2= The entire force of Uruk-hai; many Dunlendings slain, the rest surrendered&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{wotr}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Battle of the Hornburg&#039;&#039;&#039; is also referred to as the &#039;&#039;&#039;Battle of Helm&#039;s Deep&#039;&#039;&#039;. The battle pitted the forces of [[Saruman]] against the warriors of [[Rohan]] under King [[Théoden]], who had taken refuge in the mountain fortress of [[Helm&#039;s Deep]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== The Armies ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Rohan ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The army of Rohan consisted of 1000 cavalry forces from [[Edoras]] led by King Théoden.  This force included [[Aragorn]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], and Théoden&#039;s nephew [[Éomer]].  This army joined with Rohan&#039;s garrison of around 1000 at the [[Hornburg]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The army was reinforced by 1000 scattered Rohirrim troops from the [[Westfold]] rallied by [[Gandalf]] and led by [[Erkenbrand]].  A forest of [[Huorns]] entered the valley independently, seeking revenge on Saruman&#039;s orcs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Isengard ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The army of [[Saruman]] consisted of his specially bred [[Uruk-hai]] [[orcs]] supported by [[Dunlendings]].  The total size of the Isengard force isn&#039;t specified, but it was much larger than the Rohirrim army holding the fortress.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Prelude ===&lt;br /&gt;
On [[March 3]] seeking to take the fight away from his people, [[Théoden]] brought around a thousand horsemen to the [[Fords of Isen]] along with any others in [[Edoras]]. On their way they found [[Ceorl]] who reported a defeat to the Fords; Théoden then redirected his troops to Helm&#039;s Deep, which was commanded by [[Gamling]] in his lord [[Erkenbrand]]&#039;s absence.&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Battle ===&lt;br /&gt;
The forces of Saruman arrived at the valley of [[Helm&#039;s Deep]] in the middle of the night and quickly scaled over the first defense, [[Helm&#039;s Dike]], and attempted to break down the fortress&#039;s gate with a battering ram. But [[Aragorn]], [[Éomer]], and some other Rohirrim attacked, through a postern gate on the side of the Hornburg, scattering the forces threatening the doors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Orcs and Dunlendings then raised hundreds of ladders to scale the wall. Aragorn and Éomer had to repeatedly move the defenders, who were getting weary, to repel the Orcs coming up the ladders and crossing the wall. However, some Orcs had crept in though a culvert which let a stream out of Helm&#039;s Deep, and while the defenders were busy with the assault on the wall, they suddenly attacked, having made it past the wall. The defenders quickly reacted and drove back the Orcs, and the culvert was blocked up under supervision by [[Gimli]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:John Howe - The Charge of the Rohirrim at Helm&#039;s Deep.jpg|thumb|left|&#039;&#039;The Charge of the Rohirrim at Helm&#039;s Deep&#039;&#039; by [[John Howe]]]]However, the enemies reentered the culvert and caused an explosion using a device of Saruman&#039;s. This made a wide hole in the wall, and Saruman&#039;s forces could not be stopped. The defenders retreated to the [[Glittering Caves]] and to the Hornburg. Soon Saruman&#039;s forces used their blasting fire to gain entrance to the keep. At this moment, however, the horn of Helm&#039;s Deep was sounded, and after a moment a sortie led by Théoden and Aragorn rode forth, followed by men on foot from the keep, and the defenders of the caves , who made a break-out attempt and were driving the enemy out of the deep. Théoden and Aragorn cut through the Orcs and Dunlendings and arrived at Helm&#039;s Dike.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Both armies then noticed that many trees, [[Huorns]], had moved to block a possible escape route for the Orcs. Then [[Gandalf]], [[Erkenbrand]], and a thousand riders from the Westfold arrived, and charged. The Dunlendings were so terrified of Gandalf that they could no longer fight. The Orcs lost control and ran into the trees, where the Huorns destroyed them. Thus, Rohan won the battle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Aftermath ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the battle those Dunlendings who surrendered were given amnesty by King Théoden and allowed to return to home. The Rohirrim required that all hostilities cease, and that the Dunlendings retreat behind the [[Isen]] river again. The slain Dunlendings were buried in a mound of their own apart from the Orc carcasses.  The next night those carcasses disappeared and the [[Death Down]] was left by the departing Huorns.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TT|III8}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in Adaptations==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2002: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:The Battle of the Hornburg is a key part of this film.  The amount of time spent around the battle in the movie was much more than in the original book. In the context of the film, it is referred to as the &#039;&#039;Battle of Helm&#039;s Deep&#039;&#039;, a title which was never used by Tolkien but which is often used by fans, probably because it occupies a chapter entitled &amp;quot;Helm&#039;s Deep&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:One difference in the film is the leading up to the battle: in the book the army of the Rohirrim is going to the [[Fords of Isen]] when they decide to redirect to the Deep and anticipate the forces of Saruman which is consisted of [[Dunlendings]]. In the film, the whole people of Edoras is relocated to the Deep for protection against Saruman&#039;s Orcs who eventually find them. The Battle is given a dramatic weight as women and children are hiding in the [[Glittering Caves]] and the very existence of the Rohirrim is decided by the outcome.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:One major difference is that [[Elrond]], at the prompting of [[Galadriel]], sends a contingent of [[Elves|Elven]] archers to reinforce the defence of the keep. A similar event takes place in the novel, in which [[Elrond]] and [[Galadriel]] send a company of Aragorn&#039;s fellow [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]], accompanied by Elrond&#039;s sons, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], bringing the gift of a banner and the advice to take the [[Paths of the Dead]]. In the book, however, this takes place after the Battle of the Hornburg.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:In the book, it is never made explicitly clear by what method the Uruk-hai cause the explosion that blasts a hole in the Deeping Wall, with Aragorn just vaguely calling it &amp;quot;some devilry of Orthanc&amp;quot;.  It&#039;s not clear whether this was some magical attack caused by Saruman from Orthanc (similar to the avalanche on Caradhras in the first movie), or some sort of invention of Saruman&#039;s.  The movie explicitly shows that Saruman, fitting with his theme of misusing his knowledge to empower his armies with a sort of proto-Industrial Revolution, makes his own gunpowder and uses it to make blasting charges that the Uruk-hai then ignite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:In the movie, the thousands of troops of Saruman laid siege to the fortress which was defended by around 300 men (many of whom were too young or too old to fight) which the Rohirrim could muster and the aforementioned Elven Archers. When Legolas says there are &amp;quot;300&amp;quot; Rohirrim there he may have meant &#039;&#039;at that time&#039;&#039; as more were fleeing to the fortress, because visually there are more than 300 Rohirrim appearing on screen in the battle.  This reference to &amp;quot;300 against 10,000&amp;quot; was probably meant as a reference to the ancient Battle of Thermopylae. These forces suffered heavy losses, but held out till dawn when Gandalf arrived with thousands of Rohirrim riders who finally turned the tide of the battle and sent Saruman&#039;s forces into retreat.These Rohirrim riders were led by Éomer in the film, whereas they were led by Erkenbrand in the book.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{References}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sieges]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Schlacht um die Hornburg]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Ämyrilinnan taistelu]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Hornburg&amp;diff=225970</id>
		<title>Battle of the Hornburg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Hornburg&amp;diff=225970"/>
		<updated>2013-01-26T08:06:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{sources}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{disambig-more|Helm&#039;s Deep|[[Helm&#039;s Deep (disambiguation)]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{battle&lt;br /&gt;
|image=[[File:Alan Lee - The Battle at Helm&#039;s Deep.jpg|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Battle of the Hornburg&lt;br /&gt;
|conflict=[[War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
|date=3-4 March 3-4 {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
|place=[[Helm&#039;s Deep]] (especially the [[Hornburg]])&lt;br /&gt;
|result=	Victory for the [[Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
|side1= [[Rohirrim]], [[Three Hunters]], [[Huorns]]&lt;br /&gt;
|side2= [[Uruk-hai]] of [[Isengard]], [[Dunlendings]]&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=*[[Théoden]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Éomer]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Erkenbrand]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Gandalf]]&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=*Unknown&lt;br /&gt;
|forces1= About 3000 Rohirrim, a &amp;quot;forest&amp;quot; of [[Huorns]]&lt;br /&gt;
|forces2= 10,000 at the least&lt;br /&gt;
|casual1= Heavy, but precise numbers are unknown&lt;br /&gt;
|casual2= The entire force of Uruk-hai; many Dunlendings slain, the rest surrendered&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{wotr}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Battle of the Hornburg&#039;&#039;&#039; is also referred to as the &#039;&#039;&#039;Battle of Helm&#039;s Deep&#039;&#039;&#039;. The battle pitted the forces of [[Saruman]] against the warriors of [[Rohan]] under King [[Théoden]], who had taken refuge in the mountain fortress of [[Helm&#039;s Deep]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== The Armies ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Rohan ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The army of Rohan consisted of 1000 cavalry forces from [[Edoras]] led by King Théoden.  This force included [[Aragorn]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], and Théoden&#039;s nephew [[Éomer]].  This army joined with Rohan&#039;s garrison of around 1000 at the [[Hornburg]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The army was reinforced by 1000 scattered Rohirrim troops from the [[Westfold]] rallied by [[Gandalf]] and led by [[Erkenbrand]].  A forest of [[Huorns]] entered the valley independently, seeking revenge on Saruman&#039;s orcs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Isengard ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The army of [[Saruman]] consisted of his specially bred [[Uruk-hai]] [[orcs]] supported by [[Dunlendings]].  The total size of the Isengard force isn&#039;t specified, but it was much larger than the Rohirrim army holding the fortress.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Prelude ===&lt;br /&gt;
On [[March 3]] seeking to take the fight away from his people, [[Théoden]] brought around a thousand horsemen to the [[Fords of Isen]] along with any others in [[Edoras]]. On their way they found [[Ceorl]] who reported a defeat to the Fords; Théoden then redirected his troops to Helm&#039;s Deep, which was commanded by [[Gamling]] in his lord [[Erkenbrand]]&#039;s absence.&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Battle ===&lt;br /&gt;
The forces of Saruman arrived at the valley of [[Helm&#039;s Deep]] in the middle of the night and quickly scaled over the first defense, [[Helm&#039;s Dike]], and attempted to break down the fortress&#039;s gate with a battering ram. But [[Aragorn]], [[Éomer]], and some other Rohirrim attacked, through a postern gate on the side of the Hornburg, scattering the forces threatening the doors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Orcs and Dunlendings then raised hundreds of ladders to scale the wall. Aragorn and Éomer had to repeatedly move the defenders, who were getting weary, to repel the Orcs coming up the ladders and crossing the wall. However, some Orcs had crept in though a culvert which let a stream out of Helm&#039;s Deep, and while the defenders were busy with the assault on the wall, they suddenly attacked, having made it past the wall. The defenders quickly reacted and drove back the Orcs, and the culvert was blocked up under supervision by [[Gimli]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:John Howe - The Charge of the Rohirrim at Helm&#039;s Deep.jpg|thumb|left|&#039;&#039;The Charge of the Rohirrim at Helm&#039;s Deep&#039;&#039; by [[John Howe]]]]However, the enemies reentered the culvert and caused an explosion using a device of Saruman&#039;s. This made a wide hole in the wall, and Saruman&#039;s forces could not be stopped. The defenders retreated to the [[Glittering Caves]] and to the Hornburg. Soon Saruman&#039;s forces used their blasting fire to gain entrance to the keep. At this moment, however, the horn of Helm&#039;s Deep was sounded, and after a moment a sortie led by Théoden and Aragorn rode forth, followed by men on foot from the keep, and the defenders of the caves , who made a break-out attempt and were driving the enemy out of the deep. Théoden and Aragorn cut through the Orcs and Dunlendings and arrived at Helm&#039;s Dike.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Both armies then noticed that many trees, [[Huorns]], had moved to block a possible escape route for the Orcs. Then [[Gandalf]], [[Erkenbrand]], and a thousand riders from the Westfold arrived, and charged. The Dunlendings were so terrified of Gandalf that they could no longer fight. The Orcs lost control and ran into the trees, where the Huorns destroyed them. Thus, Rohan won the battle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Aftermath ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the battle those Dunlendings who surrendered were given amnesty by King Théoden and allowed to return to home. The Rohirrim required that all hostilities cease, and that the Dunlendings retreat behind the [[Isen]] river again. The slain Dunlendings were buried in a mound of their own apart from the Orc carcasses.  The next night those carcasses disappeared and the [[Death Down]] was left by the departing Huorns.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TT|III8}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in Adaptations==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2002: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:The Battle of the Hornburg is a key part of this film.  The amount of time spent around the battle in the movie was much more than in the original book. In the context of the film, it is referred to as the &#039;&#039;Battle of Helm&#039;s Deep&#039;&#039;, a title which was never used by Tolkien but which is often used by fans, probably because it occupies a chapter entitled &amp;quot;Helm&#039;s Deep&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:One difference in the film is the leading up to the battle: in the book the army of the Rohirrim is going to the [[Fords of Isen]] when they decide to redirect to the Deep and anticipate the forces of Saruman which is consisted of [[Dunlendings]]. In the film, the whole people of Edoras is relocated to the Deep for protection against Saruman&#039;s Orcs who eventually find them. The Battle is given a dramatic weight as women and children are hiding in the [[Glittering Caves]] and the very existence of the Rohirrim is decided by the outcome.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:One major difference is that [[Elrond]], at the prompting of [[Galadriel]], sends a contingent of [[Elves|Elven]] archers to reinforce the defence of the keep. A similar event takes place in the novel, in which [[Elrond]] and [[Galadriel]] send a company of Aragorn&#039;s fellow [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]], accompanied by Elrond&#039;s sons, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], bringing the gift of a banner and the advice to take the [[Paths of the Dead]]. In the book, however, this takes place after the Battle of the Hornburg.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:In the book, it is never made explicitly clear by what method the Uruk-hai cause the explosion that blasts a hole in the Deeping Wall, with Aragorn just vaguely calling it &amp;quot;some devilry of Orthanc&amp;quot;.  It&#039;s not clear whether this was some magical attack caused by Saruman from Orthanc (similar to the avalanche on Caradhras in the first movie), or some sort of invention of Saruman&#039;s.  The movie explicitly shows that Saruman, fitting with his theme of misusing his knowledge to empower his armies with a sort of proto-Industrial Revolution, makes his own gunpowder and uses it to make blasting charges that the Uruk-hai then ignite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:In the movie, the thousands of troops of Saruman laid siege to the fortress which was defended by around 300 men (many of whom were too young or too old to fight) which the Rohirrim could muster and the aforementioned Elven Archers. When Legolas says there are &amp;quot;300&amp;quot; Rohirrim there he may have meant &#039;&#039;at that time&#039;&#039; as more were fleeing to the fortress, because visually there are more than 300 Rohirrim appearing on screen in the battle.  This reference to &amp;quot;300 against 10,000&amp;quot; was probably meant as a reference to the ancient Battle of Thermopylae. These forces suffered heavy losses, but held out till dawn when Gandalf arrived with thousands of Rohirrim riders who finally turned the tide of the battle and sent Saruman&#039;s forces into retreat.These Rohirrim riders were lead by Éomer in the film, whereas they were lead by Erkenbrand in the book.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{References}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sieges]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Schlacht um die Hornburg]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Ämyrilinnan taistelu]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring/Quotations&amp;diff=225956</id>
		<title>The Fellowship of the Ring/Quotations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring/Quotations&amp;diff=225956"/>
		<updated>2013-01-24T18:43:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{quote|One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]] (1954), epigraph}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Gandalf was shorter in stature than the other two; but his long white hair, his sweeping beard, and his broad shoulders, made him look like some wise king of ancient legend. In his aged face under great snowy brows his eyes were set like coals that could suddenly burst into fire.| [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Many Meetings]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Do not meddle in the affairs of Wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Three is Company]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Go not to the Elves for counsel, for they will say both no and yes|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Three is Company]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Faithless is he that says farewell when the road darkens|[[Gimli]] addressing [[Elrond]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[The Ring goes South]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Deserves it! I dare say he does. Many that live deserve death and some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them? Then do not be so eager to deal out death in judgement. For even the wise cannot see all ends|[[Gandalf]] talking to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] about [[Gollum]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[The Shadow of the Past]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part I set him. For you have come, and that was the purpose of my message. And here you shall stay, Gandalf the Grey, and rest from your journeys. For I am Saruman the Wise, Saruman the Ring-maker, Saruman of Many Colours!|[[Gandalf]] recounting what [[Saruman]] said, [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Council of Elrond]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|And he who breaks a thing to find out what it is has left the path of wisdom|[[Gandalf]] recounting speaking to [[Saruman]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Council of Elrond]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Gil-galad was an Elven-king &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Of him the harpers sadly sing: &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; the las whose realm was fair and free&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; between the Mountains and the Sea. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; His sword was long, his lance was keen,&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; his shining helm afar was seen; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; the countless stars of heaven&#039;s field &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; were mirrored in his silver shield. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; But long ago he rode away, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; and where he dwelleth none can say; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; for into the darkness fell his star&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;in Mordor where the shadows are.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[A Knife in the Dark]], told by [[Samwise Gamgee]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Seek for the Sword that was broken: &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; In Imladris it dwells:&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;There shall be counsels taken &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Stronger than Morgul-spells. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; There shall be shown a token &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; That Doom is near at hand, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; For Isildur&#039;s Bane shall waken, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; And the Halfling forth shall stand.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[The Council of Elrond]], The Dream of [[Boromir]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Cold be hand and heart and bone, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; and cold be sleep under stone: &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; never more to wake on stony bed, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; never, till the sun fails and Moon is dead. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; in the black wind stars shall die, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; and still on gold here let them lie, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; till the dark lord lifts his hand &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; over dead sea and withered land.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Fog on the Barrow-downs]], The incantation [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] hears at the [[Barrow-downs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DISPLAYTITLE:&#039;&#039;The Fellowship of the Ring&#039;&#039;/Quotations}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Quotes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring/Quotations&amp;diff=225955</id>
		<title>The Fellowship of the Ring/Quotations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring/Quotations&amp;diff=225955"/>
		<updated>2013-01-24T18:40:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{quote|One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]] (1954), epigraph}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Gandalf was shorter in stature than the other two; but his long white hair, his sweeping beard, and his broad shoulders, made him look like some wise king of ancient legend. In his aged face under great snowy brows his eyes were set like coals that could suddenly burst into fire.| [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Many Meetings]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Do not meddle in the affairs of Wizards, for they are subtle and quick to anger.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Three is Company]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Go not to the Elves for counsel, for they will say both no and yes|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Three is Company]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Faithless is he that says farewell when the road darkens|[[Gimli]] addressing [[Elrond]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[The Ring goes South]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Deserves it! I dare say he does. Many that live deserve death and some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them? Then do not be so eager to deal out death in judgement. For even the wise cannot see all ends|[[Gandalf]] talking to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] about [[Gollum]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[The Shadow of the Past]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Radagast the Brown! Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part I set him. For you have come, and that was the purpose of my message. And here you shall stay, Gandalf the Grey, and rest from your journeys. For I am Saruman the Wise, Saruman the Ring-maker, Saruman of Many Colours!|[[Saruman]] recounting [[Gandalf]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Council of Elrond]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|And he who breaks a thing to find out what it is has left the path of wisdom|[[Gandalf]] recounting speaking to [[Saruman]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Council of Elrond]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Gil-galad was an Elven-king &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Of him the harpers sadly sing: &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; the las whose realm was fair and free&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; between the Mountains and the Sea. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; His sword was long, his lance was keen,&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; his shining helm afar was seen; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; the countless stars of heaven&#039;s field &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; were mirrored in his silver shield. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; But long ago he rode away, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; and where he dwelleth none can say; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; for into the darkness fell his star&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;in Mordor where the shadows are.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[A Knife in the Dark]], told by [[Samwise Gamgee]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Seek for the Sword that was broken: &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; In Imladris it dwells:&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;There shall be counsels taken &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Stronger than Morgul-spells. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; There shall be shown a token &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; That Doom is near at hand, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; For Isildur&#039;s Bane shall waken, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; And the Halfling forth shall stand.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[The Council of Elrond]], The Dream of [[Boromir]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Cold be hand and heart and bone, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; and cold be sleep under stone: &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; never more to wake on stony bed, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; never, till the sun fails and Moon is dead. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; in the black wind stars shall die, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; and still on gold here let them lie, &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; till the dark lord lifts his hand &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; over dead sea and withered land.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Fog on the Barrow-downs]], The incantation [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] hears at the [[Barrow-downs]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DISPLAYTITLE:&#039;&#039;The Fellowship of the Ring&#039;&#039;/Quotations}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Quotes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&amp;diff=225937</id>
		<title>Radagast</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Radagast&amp;diff=225937"/>
		<updated>2013-01-24T14:59:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* Characteristics */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{maiar infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - Radagast.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Radagast&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=[[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{UT|Istari}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Radagast the Brown&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{FR|Council}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Radagast the Bird-tamer&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;note&amp;quot; name=&amp;quot;note1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Saruman]] gave him this name to mock him.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Radagast the Simple&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;note&amp;quot; name=&amp;quot;note1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Radagast the Fool&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;note&amp;quot; name=&amp;quot;note1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| coming=&lt;br /&gt;
| duty=[[Wizards|Wizard]]&lt;br /&gt;
| robes=Brown&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| appearance=An old man clad in earthen brown&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Pronounce|Quenya - Aiwendil.mp3|Gilgamesh}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;{{Quote|Radagast the Brown! [...] Radagast the Bird-tamer! Radagast the Simple! Radagast the Fool! Yet he had just the wit to play the part that I set him.|[[Saruman]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Radagast the Brown&#039;&#039;&#039;, also known as &#039;&#039;&#039;Aiwendil&#039;&#039;&#039;, was one of the [[wizards]] sent to [[Middle-earth]] to contest the will of [[Sauron]]. Originally a [[Maiar|maia]] of [[Yavanna]], he had a strong affinity for animals. He dwelt, for a time, at [[Rhosgobel]] on the western eaves of [[Mirkwood]], near the [[Gladden Fields]] on the [[Anduin|Great River]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Jef Murray - Mage of Rhosgobel.jpg|thumb|left|&#039;&#039;Mage of Rhosgobel&#039;&#039; by [[Jef Murray]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
Still concerned for the fate of [[Middle-earth]], [[Manwë]] summoned a council of the [[Valar]]. Here it was decided that they would send emissaries to [[Middle-earth]]. [[Aulë]] chose [[Saruman|Curumo]], Oromë chose [[Blue Wizards|Alatar]], and Manwë chose [[Gandalf|Olórin]]. [[Yavanna]] subsequently begged Curumo to take [[Radagast#Aiwendil|Aiwendil]] with him. In c. {{TA|1000}}, the [[wizards]] arrived upon the shores of Middle-earth. However, it is said that Saruman arrived first and alone, and that Radagast arrived at the same time as Gandalf.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Gandalf, Radagast was never much of a traveller.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; It is known that he eventually settled down and dwelt, for a time at least, at [[Rhosgobel]]. This meant that he lived on the western borders of [[Mirkwood]], somewhere between the [[Carrock]] and the [[Old Forest Road]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; It is likely that he became acquainted with the inhabitants of that region. It is clear that he was friends with the [[eagles|great eagles]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; He also knew and was thought highly of by (the unsociable) [[Beorn]]:&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HQueer&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{H|Queer}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Blockquote|Yes; not a bad fellow as Wizards go, I believe. I used to see him now and again|[[Beorn]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HQueer&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following the {{TA|2851}} meeting of the [[White Council]], Saruman began to search the [[Gladden Fields]] for the [[One Ring]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AppB2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|B2}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Knowing nothing of Saruman&#039;s treachery, Radagast aided him with birds and beasts who acted as spies. Radagast did this in good faith for he believed this would help watch and hinder the [[Sauron|Enemy]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;SRings&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{S|Rings}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Radagast.jpg|thumb|&#039;&#039;Radagast&#039;&#039; by Angelo Montanini]]Radagast&#039;s part in the [[War of the Ring]] was small, albeit important. In {{TA|3018}} on Midsummer, on his way to [[Bree]], Gandalf found Radagast sitting on the side of the [[Greenway]]. Radagast informed Gandalf that Saruman had sent him. He told Gandalf that the [[Nazgûl]] were abroad, disguised as riders in black, and that they were seeking news of [[the Shire]]. Radagast said that Saruman was willing to help Gandalf but that he had to seek him out at once. Before Radagast rode away, he agreed to help Gandalf by getting beasts and birds to send news to [[Orthanc]]. With that he rode away back towards Mirkwood. Whilst Gandalf was imprisoned by Saruman, he did not believe that Radagast too had fallen. Indeed, it was thanks to Radagast that Gandalf was able to escape from the pinnacle of Orthanc upon the wings of [[Gwaihir]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following the conclusion of the [[Council of Elrond]], many scouts were sent out from [[Rivendell]] to many different locations. Some passed over the [[Misty Mountains]] and eventually came to [[Rhosgobel]], but they found that Radagast was not there.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRSouth&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{FR|South}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Did Radagast fail?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien&#039;s]] feelings on whether or not Radagast, and indeed the two [[Blue Wizards|&amp;quot;Blue Wizards&amp;quot;]], failed changed over time. The [[wizards]] that were sent to [[Middle-earth]] were tasked by the [[Valar]] to help the [[Free Peoples]] defeat [[Sauron]]. There is no question that, through his treachery and fall into evil, [[Saruman]] failed. There is also no question that [[Gandalf]] succeeded. But it was in emphasising this latter point that Tolkien denigrated the role of Radagast and the Blue Wizards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his efforts to produce an Index for &#039;&#039;[[The Return of the King]]&#039;&#039; in [[1954]], Tolkien wrote an essay on the [[Wizards|Istari]]. Therein he explicitly stated that Radagast had failed:&lt;br /&gt;
{{Blockquote|Indeed, of all the Istari, one only remained faithful [Gandalf], and he was the last-comer. For Radagast, the fourth, became enamoured of the many beasts and birds that dwelt in [[Middle-earth]], and forsook [[Elves]] and [[Men]], and spent his days among wild creatures.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He even went as far as suggesting that only Gandalf returned to the [[Valinor|Uttermost West]]:&lt;br /&gt;
{{Blockquote|Wilt thou learn the lore &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;||&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; that was long secret&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;of the Five that came &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;||&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; from a far country?&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;One only returned. &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;||&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; Others never again|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under these terms, then, Radagast failed. However, not only does Tolkien&#039;s criticism of Radagast seem harsh in light of what is revealed in &#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039;, Tolkien&#039;s attitude towards Radagast and the Blue Wizards seems to have changed following the publication of &#039;&#039;[[The Return of the King]]&#039;&#039;. In the Istari essay and in [[Letter 211]] Tolkien wrote that he was unsure what happened to the Blue Wizards and speculated that they possibly failed. In a later writing he turned this upside down and noted that they &#039;must have had very great influence on the history of the Second Age and Third Age in weakening and disarraying the forces of East ... who would ... otherwise have ... outnumbered the West.&#039;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PM&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{PM|Last}}, p. 385&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to [[John D. Rateliff]], Tolkien&#039;s feeling on Radagast&#039;s success or failure must have changed too. He speculates that Radagast had taken the area of and around [[Mirkwood]] under his protection (like the Blue Wizards had taken the east under their protection). He provides more solid evidence when he argues that Radagast and Gandalf were much alike:&lt;br /&gt;
*Radagast and Gandalf arrived at the same time in [[Middle-earth]];&lt;br /&gt;
*both were friends with the eagles (beings of [[Manwë]] and who would associate with few but the very important);&lt;br /&gt;
*both were considered closely linked from the outset - they were &#039;cousins&#039; in &#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Indeed both were quite different creatures from Saruman:&lt;br /&gt;
{{Blockquote|His [Sauron&#039;s] cynicism ... seemed fully justified in Saruman. Gandalf he did not understand. But certainly he [Sauron] had already become evil, and therefore stupid, enough to imagine that his [Gandalf&#039;s] different behaviour [from Saruman&#039;s] was due simply to weaker intelligence and lack of firm masterful purpose. He [Gandalf] was only [in Sauron&#039;s view] a rather cleverer Radagast - cleverer, because it is more profitable (more productive of power) to become absorbed in the study of people than of animals.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;note&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The pronouns in square brackets are as interpreted by John D. Rateliff in {{HH|Medwed}}, &amp;quot;(vi) Radagast&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{MR|Myths}}, p. 397&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rateliff thus concludes that Radagast was much like Gandalf; both were good wizards. But Radagast was weaker and his role overshadowed by Gandalf&#039;s achievements.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HHMedwed&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{HH|Medwed}}, &amp;quot;(vi) Radagast&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore it is difficult to conclude whether or not Radagast failed. But it is clear that Tolkien had doubts following his criticism of him in the Istari essay and Radagast certainly did not fall into evil. Indeed Radagast is such an elusive character that it is difficult to make any bold conclusions, such as whether or not he returned to [[Valinor]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tolkien gave a brief account of a council of the [[Valar]] where they decided to send emissaries to Middle-earth to contest the will of Sauron. Therein it is told &#039;that each Istar were chosen by each Valar for his innate characteristics&#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; This is significant because it suggests [[Yavanna]] chose Aiwendil (Radagast) for his love of wild creatures, and that perhaps he was sent to [[Middle-earth]] by Yavanna to serve this purpose.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; If this was Radagast&#039;s appointed mission then it would be inappropriate to claim that he failed. However, it is difficult to gauge how far the fulfilment of this task facilitated the downfall of [[Sauron]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps the most explicit snapshot of Tolkien&#039;s feelings about Radagast can be be found in this quotation:&lt;br /&gt;
{{Blockquote|He [Gandalf] differed from Radagast and Saruman in that he never turned aside from his appointed mission (&#039;I was the Enemy of Sauron&#039;) and was unsparing of himself. Radagast was fond of beasts and birds, and found them easier to deal with; he did not become proud and domineering, but neglectful and easygoing, and he had very little to do with Elves or Men although obviously resistance to Sauron had to be sought chiefly in their cooperation.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RC.245&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] (eds), &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader&#039;s Companion]]&#039;&#039;, p. 245&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here it is stated that both Saruman and Radagast turned away from the ultimate task of defeating Sauron. But where Saruman was proud and power-hungry (characteristics which brought about his own ruin), Radagast was neglectful and sought companionship with birds and beasts over co-operation with the Free Peoples of Middle-earth. Thus Radagast&#039;s innate characteristics meant that he could play no more than a small part in the downfall of the Lord of the Rings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Characteristics==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Blockquote|Radagast is, of course, a worthy wizard, a master of shapes and changes of hue; and he has much lore of herbs and beasts, and birds are especially his friends.|[[Gandalf]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
Little is known about Radagast apart from certain defining characteristics. Saruman was the chief of the Order of Wizards and Gandalf came next in the order; Radagast meanwhile held much less power and wisdom.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As one of the [[maiar]] of [[Yavanna]], Radagast had a great interest in the [[kelvar]] and [[olvar]] of [[Middle-earth]] and was a friend to beasts and birds.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
Gandalf, however, held greater respect from, and knowledge about, birds than Radagast.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RC.245&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
===Radagast===&lt;br /&gt;
In a manuscript written by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]  in [[1954]], the name &#039;&#039;Radagast&#039;&#039; is said to mean &amp;quot;tender of beasts&amp;quot; in [[Adûnaic]], the language of [[Númenor]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; However, in a later note Tolkien said that the name is in the language of the [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and that its meaning is not interpretable.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|Istari}}, note 4&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As stated by [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]], several theories have appeared concerning the inspiration of the name &#039;&#039;Radagast&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=RC&amp;gt;{{HM|RC}}, pp. 240-1&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; One such theory has been proposed by [[Douglas A. Anderson]], who notes the name [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radegast_%28god%29 &#039;&#039;Redigast&#039;&#039;] in Slavic mythology.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|AH}}, p. 167&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Aiwendil===&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Aiwendil&#039;&#039; (pron. {{IPA|[aɪˈwendil]}}) is [[Quenya]] for &amp;quot;lover of birds&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIndex&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{UT|Index}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is perhaps derived from &#039;&#039;[[aiwe]]&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;(small) bird&amp;quot;) and &#039;&#039;ndil&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;devoted to&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;ref name=RC/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 378 (entries [[AIWĒ-]] and NIL-, NDIL-)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Names==&lt;br /&gt;
It appears that in [[Valinor]] Radagast was known as &amp;quot;Aiwendil&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTIstari&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As one of the [[wizards]] sent to [[Middle-earth]], he was known as &amp;quot;Radagast [[the Brown]]&amp;quot;. [[Saruman]], when talking to [[Gandalf]], mocked Radagast by calling him &amp;quot;Radagast the [[Bird-tamer]]&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Radagast [[the Simple]]&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;Radagast [[the Fool]]&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other versions of the Legendarium==&lt;br /&gt;
From the first drafts of &#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039;, [[Gandalf|Bladorthin]] identifies Radagast as a fellow wizard and as his &#039;cousin&#039;. [[John D. Rateliff]] notes that, at this stage in the development of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien&#039;s]] [[legendarium]] there was no reason why a wizard could not have a cousin. Rateliff also suggests that it is likely that Tolkien considered explaining Gandalf&#039;s absence (following the departure of Thorin and Company from Beorn&#039;s house) by saying that he went to visit Radagast (who lived close by) to plan the attack on the [[Sauron|Necromancer]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HHMedwed&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Early in the process of writing &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, it is clear that [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] envisaged some role for Radagast in the tale.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RS|New}}, p. 379;{{RS|Elrond}}, p. 397&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He eventually decided that he would use Radagast as the means of getting Gandalf to Isengard.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TIC1.130-140&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{TI|C1}}, pp. 130-140&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Initially Gandalf describes Radagast as his &#039;cousin&#039;,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TI|C1}}, p. 131&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; as he did in &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit]]&#039;&#039;,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HQueer&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; but in a subsequent draft he becomes his &#039;kinsman&#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TI|C2}}, p. 149&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the final version Gandalf merely says that Radagast is &#039;one of my order&#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRCouncil&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tolkien initially called him &amp;quot;Radagast the Grey&amp;quot;, but in pencil he changed this to &amp;quot;Brown&amp;quot; and subsequently Saruman refers to him as &amp;quot;Radagast the Brown&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TIC1.130-140&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When Tolkien finished writing the story up till Moria, he made notes on the future story development; therein he considered handing over Isengard to Radagast.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{TI|Story}}, p. 212&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Portrayal in adaptations==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Gallery&lt;br /&gt;
|title=Radagast in adaptations&lt;br /&gt;
|height=150&lt;br /&gt;
|width=250&lt;br /&gt;
|lines=2&lt;br /&gt;
|File:Radagast (Mithril LR3).png|Radagast as a [[Mithril Miniatures|Mithril Miniature]]&lt;br /&gt;
|File:WiMe-Radagast&amp;amp;Hobbits-1.png|Radagast in &#039;&#039;[[J.R.R. Tolkien&#039;s War in Middle Earth]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|File:Decipher - Radagast.JPG|Radagast in &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|File:Radagast (LOTRSBG).jpg|Radagast in &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|File:Radagast (LOTRO).png|Radagast in &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|File:Radagast in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|Radagast in &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Radagast.jpg|Radagast in &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
===Films===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2001: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Radagast was entirely omitted. Without Radagast&#039;s involvement, [[Gandalf]] goes to [[Isengard]] of his own accord (because he wanted council form [[Saruman]]) and is able to escape from the pinnacle of [[Orthanc]] by speaking to a moth who sends for the help of the [[eagles]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039; (film series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Although Radagast is only briefly mentioned in &#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039;, Radagast will feature in &#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039; films and will be played by [[Sylvester McCoy]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;IMCasting&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen&#039;s website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2012: &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:After discovering that a shadow has fallen on [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]], Radagast enters [[Dol Guldur]] and is attacked by the [[Witch-king]]. He finds that the fortress is occupied by a [[Sauron|Necromancer]] and travels to inform Gandalf. He finds [[Thorin and Company]] just west of [[Rivendell]] and hands Gandalf a [[Morgul blades|morgul blade]]. He draws a pack of [[wargs]] and their riders away so that Thorin and Company can flee in safety.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Radio series===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1981: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio&#039;s The Lord of the Ring]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Donald Gee]] provided the voice of Radagast. He is, however, not the person who sends the [[Eagles|eagle]] to save Gandalf from [[Orthanc]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Games===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1987-: &#039;&#039;[[Mithril Miniatures]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Radagast has been issued in a couple of different versions: figure LR3 &amp;quot;Radagast the Brown&amp;quot; is seen with a cat and an owl;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.mithril.ie/races/index_wizards.html Mithril wizards Miniatures] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; an older version of the figure portrays Radagast without beard and with a different bird.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.twilighttangents.com/minis_lotr_mith.htm Lord of the Rings (Mithril)] at [http://www.twilighttangents.com/index.html TwilightTangents.com] (accessed 8 October 2011; cf. [http://www.twilighttangents.com/images/art/radagast01.jpg Radgast (image)])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; There is also a &amp;quot;Radagast Mounted&amp;quot; (MS539), where Radagast (again without beard) is portrayed mounted on a horse.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://mithril.ie/Fellowship/ms539_radagast.html 32mm Fellowship Figures - MS539 Radagast Mounted] at [http://www.mithril.ie/ Mithril.ie] (accessed 8 October 2011)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1988: &#039;&#039;[[J.R.R. Tolkien&#039;s War in Middle Earth]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Radagast is a non-playable character in this game.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2001-: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:The hero figure [[:File:SBG - Radagast.jpeg|Radagast the Brown]], is a user of subtle magics,in contrast to the more overt kinds used by Gandalf and Saruman. However, he has some unique powers nonetheless.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?prodId=prod1060255 Radagast the Brown] at [http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/home.jsp Games-Workshop-com] (accessed 8 October 2011)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2011-2010: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:A Decipher card was made by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]], with Weta&#039;s John Harding posing as Radagast.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=Kathy McCracken|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080906171452/http://www.decipher.com/content/2004/07/072204lotrwetacasting.html|articlename=The Making of the Weta &amp;quot;Book Cards&amp;quot;: Casting and Costuming|dated=22-July-2004|website=[http://archive.org/ Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]|accessed=30-June-2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2007: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Radagast can be found encamped in the [[Lone-lands]], north along the Great Road. He is friendly to the local people, the [[Eglain]], and helps the to combat the rise of evil in the swamps of Agamaur.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/NPC:Radagast_the_Brown NPC: Radagast the Brown] at [http://my.lotro.com/home/ My.Lotro.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2011: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:The characters [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] travel to Mirkwood in search of Radagast and arrive just in time to rescue him from a giant spider. He thanks them for the rescue and provides them with information about the Dragon Urgost.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/allies Allies] at [http://www.warinthenorth.com/ WarintheNorth.com] (accessed 8 October 2011)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[:Category:Images of Radagast|Images of Radagast]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
{{References|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Ainur}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Maiar]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Masculine names]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Names]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wizards]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Radagast]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fa:راداگاست]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/istari/radagast]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Radagast]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elrond&amp;diff=225675</id>
		<title>Elrond</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elrond&amp;diff=225675"/>
		<updated>2013-01-17T18:56:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* Games */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Countdown}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{half-elf infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Elrond 2.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Elrond&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=Elrond &#039;&#039;Peredhel&#039;&#039; ([[Sindarin|S]], &amp;quot;[[Half-elven]]&amp;quot;)&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Master Elrond&lt;br /&gt;
| titles=Lord of [[Rivendell|Imladris]]&lt;br /&gt;
| position=Ring-bearer of [[Vilya]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Vice-regent and herald to [[Gil-galad]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Celeborn&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{UT|Galadriel}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| location=[[Lindon]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Rivendell]]&lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation=[[White Council]]&lt;br /&gt;
| language=[[Sindarin]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Languages&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|Elves}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| birth={{FA|532}}&lt;br /&gt;
| birthlocation=[[Havens of Sirion]]&lt;br /&gt;
| rule=&lt;br /&gt;
| death=&lt;br /&gt;
| deathlocation=&lt;br /&gt;
| age=&lt;br /&gt;
| house=House of Eärendil&lt;br /&gt;
| heritage=[[Half-elven]] father and mother&lt;br /&gt;
| parentage=[[Eärendil]], father&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Elwing]], mother&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Maglor]], foster father&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=[[Elros]]&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=[[Celebrían]]&lt;br /&gt;
| children=[[Elladan]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Elrohir]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Arwen]]&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| height=&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=Dark&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;meetings&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=Grey&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;meetings&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| clothing=Grey mantle&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Havens&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{RK|Havens}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Silver circlet&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;meetings&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{FR|Meetings}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| weapons=&lt;br /&gt;
| steed=&lt;br /&gt;
}}{{Pronounce|Elrond.mp3|Ardamir}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;{{Quote|He was as noble and fair as an elf-lord, as strong as a warrior, as wise as a wizard, as venerable as a king of dwarves, and as kind as summer.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;H3&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{H|3}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Elrond&#039;&#039;&#039; (b. {{FA|532}}) was the Lord of [[Rivendell]] and keeper of the great elven ring [[Vilya]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Appearance and traits==&lt;br /&gt;
Elrond is described to seem ageless, resembling neither old nor young, however one could see in his face the memories and experiences of thousands of years. He looked venerable both like an old king, a wise wizard, and an experienced warrior in his prime.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As common with other Elves, he was dark-haired, while his eyes were grey shining like starlight. He could be seen wearing a circlet of silver.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;FRMeetings&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{FR|Meetings}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{H|Rest}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His parents were [[Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]]. He was thus [[Half-elven]]: Eärendil was the child of the mortal [[Tuor]] and the elf [[Idril]], while Elwing was the grandchild of [[Beren]] (a [[Men|Man]]) and [[Lúthien]] (daughter of the Elf-king [[Thingol]] and the Maia [[Melian]]). Consequently, Elrond was descended from all three tribes of the Elves ([[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] through Idril, [[Sindar]] through Luthien), a Maia, and all three houses of the [[Edain]] ([[House of Hador|Hador]], [[House of Haleth|Haleth]] and [[House of Bëor|Bëor]]). &lt;br /&gt;
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==History==&lt;br /&gt;
===First Age===&lt;br /&gt;
Elrond was born at the [[Havens of Sirion]] late in the [[First Age]]. His parents were [[Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]] and had a twin brother, [[Elros]], who later became the first king of [[Númenor]].&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Tuuliky - Little Half-elf.jpg|thumb|left|Maglor raises Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
When the [[Sons of Fëanor]] [[Third Kinslaying|attacked the Havens of Sirion]], Elwing was taken by [[Ulmo]]. The twins were carried off, but later found near a waterfall and they were named as such; Elrond was discovered in a cave. Taken captive by Maglor, they were subsequently raised by him.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following the [[War of Wrath]], because of his Half-elven heritage the [[Valar]] gave Elrond and his brother a choice whether to be counted among the kindred of Elves or of Men.  Elrond chose to belong to the [[Firstborn]], while Elros chose to become mortal. Elrond subsequently remained in [[Lindon]] with [[Gil-galad]], where he became known as a healer and loremaster.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Second Age===&lt;br /&gt;
A fair being calling himself [[Annatar]], emmissary of the Valar, came seeking entrance to Lindon during the Second Age. Elrond and Gil-galad sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him.  They were correct, as proven in the later [[War of the Elves and Sauron]]. Elrond led Elves from [[Lindon]] in [[Sack of Eregion|battle to defend Eregion]]. With them, and other Elves who fled the destruction of [[Eregion]], he established Imladris in {{SA|1697}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|SA}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many more refugees joined Elrond&#039;s host as Sauron ravaged Eriador during the course of the war. By {{SA|1700}}, Imladris, despite being [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged]], was the only part of [[Eriador]] not under Sauron&#039;s control.  It was liberated by [[Gil-galad]]&#039;s and [[Tar-Minastir]]&#039;s forces. After Sauron&#039;s defeat, a Council was held at that time, establishing Elrond as Gil-galad&#039;s vice-regent in Eriador and that Imladris should be maintained as an Elvish stronghold.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Prologue Elves.jpeg|thumb|Elrond next to Gil-galad in battle.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Elrond marched with Gil-galad and [[Elendil]] during the [[War of the Last Alliance]], serving as Gil-galad’s herald.  He was present during the [[Battle of Dagorlad|last battle]] of that war, witnessing the deaths of Gil-galad and Elendil.  At the conclusion of that battle, when [[Isildur]] cut [[the One Ring]] from Sauron’s hand he and [[Círdan]] advised Isildur to destroy the Ring, but Isildur refused their counsel.  Elrond subsequently returned to Rivendell, which prospered the coming years with the aid of the Ring of Air, [[Vilya]], that Elrond had received from Gil-galad.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It has been argued that following Gil-galad’s death, Elrond had the right to become High King of the Noldor, but he never claimed the title.  Indeed, after the Second Age ended, there were very few Noldor left in Middle-earth for there to be a king over them.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Third Age===&lt;br /&gt;
Following Isildur&#039;s death, Elrond received the shards of [[Narsil]], which he preserved for many years.  He began his long tradition of fostering the heirs of Isildur by helping to raise Isildur&#039;s son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], who had been left in Rivendell during the War of the Last Alliance. &lt;br /&gt;
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In {{TA|109}}, Elrond married [[Celebrían]], the daughter of [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]]. Their first children, the twins [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], were born in {{TA|130|n}}, and their daughter [[Arwen]] in {{TA|241|n}}. &lt;br /&gt;
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During the late reign of [[Arveleg I]], [[Second Siege of Imladris |Rivendell was besieged by Angmar]].  After an incursion by [[Angmar]] into Eriador in {{TA|1409}}, the Elvenfolk of Rivendell joined those of Lindon in subduing the power of the [[Witch-king]] for many years.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;North&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|North}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Centuries later, when the Northern Kingdom fell, Elrond took the other heirlooms of Arnor (the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]] and the [[Ring of Barahir]]) into his keeping, holding them for the one who would eventually be able to reclaim the throne of [[Arnor]].&lt;br /&gt;
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Elrond along with others of the [[Wise]] were joined by the [[Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] who was sent by the Valar from the West. As they decided, Gandalf invaded [[Dol Guldur]]. The Necromancer withdrew and the [[Watchful Peace]] begun. In {{TA|2463}} the Wise formed the [[White Council]] with the Wizard [[Saruman]] as its head.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Angus McBride - Dol Guldur.jpg|thumb|left|The White Council attacks Dol Guldur]]&lt;br /&gt;
Elrond would be separated by his wife when taken by [[Orcs]]; their sons rescued her but Elrond was unable to heal her. She had to leave for the [[West]] in {{TA|2510|n}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|2851}} the White Council met to decide on whether to act on Gandalf&#039;s discovery of the identity of the [[Necromancer]] as Sauron, but [[Saruman]] dissuaded the others.&lt;br /&gt;
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In {{TA|2933}}, Elrond took [[Aragorn]] as his foster-son in Rivendell, and had Arwen live in [[Lorien]] with her Grandmother.&lt;br /&gt;
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Elrond named Aragon &#039;&#039;[[Estel]]&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;Hope&amp;quot;) and concealing his heritage from him until he came of age. When Aragorn became an adult, Elrond gave him the [[Ring of Barahir]] and the shards of Narsil, foreseeing that Aragorn might be the one to claim the thrones of Gondor and Arnor.  When Aragorn fell in love with Arwen, Elrond revealed to him that Arwen shared the choice of the Half-elven, and that one or the other of them would ultimately be parted from her forever.  Elrond insisted that Arwen could not marry Aragorn until he became king of both Gondor and Arnor.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Elrond and Thrór&#039;s Map.jpg|thumb|Elrond examines [[Thrór&#039;s Map]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|2941}} Elrond welcomed [[Thorin and Company]] into his home, the [[Last Homely House]] before the wild, in [[Rivendell]]. On midsummer eve - the night before the [[Dwarves]], [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], and [[Gandalf]] continued on their journey eastward - Elrond examined the swords which they had found in the trolls&#039; cave. He read the runes and revealed that [[Thorin|Thorin&#039;s]] sword was called [[Orcrist]], the &amp;quot;Goblin-cleaver&amp;quot;, and that Gandalf sword was named [[Glamdring]], the &amp;quot;Foe-hammer&amp;quot;. He told them that they were [[Elves|Elven]] swords from the ancient city of [[Gondolin]], long ago destroyed. He then looked at [[Thrór&#039;s Map]] and found that there were [[moon-letters]]. From the moon of that midsummer eve he could read the words, &#039;five feet high the door and three may walk abreast&#039;; and &#039;stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks and the setting sun with the last light of Durin&#039;s Day will shine upon the keyhole&#039;. This information proved vital for Bilbo and the Dwarves to enter the [[Lonely Mountain]] through its secret entrance.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;H3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During that same year, the [[White Council]] assailed [[Dol Guldur]] and rid [[Mirkwood]] of the Necromancer&#039;s presence.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AppB2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|B2}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Upon Bilbo and Gandalf&#039;s return to Rivendell, Elrond and the grey wizard discussed this and the events of the Lonely Mountain. They both agreed that it would be better if the Necromancer were banished from the world altogether.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;H19&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{H|19}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The White Council last met in {{TA|2953}}, when Gandalf expressed his concerns that the One Ring was Bilbo&#039;s ring found in the [[Goblin-town]]. Saruman quieted him, insisting that the Ring has been swept out to sea.&lt;br /&gt;
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====The War of the Ring====&lt;br /&gt;
When [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] first left the Shire with the One Ring, it was always his intention to go to Rivendell to seek the advice of Elrond.  Indeed, in his letter left at Bree, Gandalf counselled him to do so.  Elrond healed Frodo of his wound sustained at [[Weathertop]].  Elrond then hosted the feast that was held when Frodo recovered.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Michael Kaluta - Elrond Recalls the Host of Gilgalad.jpg|thumb|left|&#039;&#039;Elrond Recalls the Host of Gil-galad&#039;&#039;, by [[Michael Kaluta]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
Elrond presided at the [[Council of Elrond]]. During that meeting, he narrated what he knew of the history of Isildur and the Ring.  He identified Aragorn as the [[Heir of Isildur]], and when Frodo ultimately volunteered to carry the Ring, Elrond affirmed that decision as correct.  Elrond also appeared to have selected the members of the Fellowship other than Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], accepting [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] only reluctantly.&lt;br /&gt;
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Later, Elrond sent his sons Elladan and Elrohir to join the [[Dúnedain]] Rangers who rode to Rohan to join Aragorn.  Through Elrohir, Elrond advised Aragorn to take the [[Paths of the Dead]].  During the [[The Last Debate|Last Debate]], Elrohir supported Aragorn’s decision to attack Mordor as a diversion to allow Frodo time to reach Mount Doom, saying that this was Elrond’s advice.  Following the [[War of the Ring]], Elrond escorted Arwen to Minas Tirith for her marriage to Aragorn, and parted from her in great sorrow.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Departure at the Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|&#039;&#039;Departure at the Grey Havens&#039;&#039; by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
Elrond was one of the Elves who took the [[White Ship]] to [[Valinor]] along with Frodo and the other [[Ringbearer]]s.  The Third Age&#039;s end is marked by Elrond’s departure.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Inspiration==&lt;br /&gt;
Elrond was created for &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit]]&#039;&#039;.  Subsequently he became the only character to appear in all three of &#039;&#039;[[The Silmarillion]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit]]&#039;&#039;, and &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
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In the chapter &#039;&#039;[[A Short Rest]]&#039;&#039; of &#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039;, it is said of Elrond that he “was an elf-friend — one of those people whose fathers came into the strange stories before the beginning of History, the wars of the evil goblins and the elves and the first men in the North.  In those days of our tale there were still some people who had both elves and heroes of the North for ancestors, and Elrond the master of the house was their chief.  He was as noble and as fair in face as an elf-lord, as strong as a warrior, as wise as a wizard, as venerable as a king of dwarves, and as kind as summer.” Note that in this description he is not identified as an elf himself, as Tolkien had not at this stage decided that Elrond of Rivendell was the same person as Elrond the son of Eärendil.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;&#039;Elrond&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈelrond]}}) has been translated as &amp;quot;Star-dome&amp;quot;,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;SoF&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and &amp;quot;Vault of Heaven&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Etym&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Etymologies]]&amp;quot;, page 384&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; recalling the glory of [[Menegroth]] though at an earlier stage, it was supposed to mean &amp;quot;Elf of the Cave&amp;quot;. His Quenya name was most likely &#039;&#039;&#039;Elerondo&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Petri Tikka]], &amp;quot;[http://www.geocities.com/petristikka/elvish/PE17.html Quenya words in Parma Eldalambaron 17]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, isolated from the patronymic &#039;&#039;Elerondiel&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[Arwen|daughter of Elrond]]&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Gilson]] (ed.), &amp;quot;Words, Phrases and Passages in &#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039;&amp;quot;, published in [[Parma Eldalamberon]] 17 (June 2007), page 56&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Genealogy==&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree/start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | CEL |y| GAL | | EAR |y| ELW |CEL=[[Celeborn]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]]|EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|.| |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | CBR |y| ELR | | | | ELS |ELR=&#039;&#039;&#039;ELROND&#039;&#039;&#039;|CBR=[[Celebrían]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |:| |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | ERH | | ELL | | ARW |~| ARA |ERH=[[Elrohir]]|ELL=[[Elladan]]|ARW=[[Arwen]]|ARA=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree/end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Portrayal in adaptations==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Gallery&lt;br /&gt;
|title=Elrond in Adaptations&lt;br /&gt;
|width=200&lt;br /&gt;
|height=150&lt;br /&gt;
|lines=3&lt;br /&gt;
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Elrond.jpg|Elrond as portrayed in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|&#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039; (1977 film)]]&lt;br /&gt;
|File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Elrond.jpg|Elrond as portrayed in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]&lt;br /&gt;
|File:Elrond.jpg|[[Hugo Weaving]] as Elrond in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]&lt;br /&gt;
|File:Elrond in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|&#039;&#039;&#039;Elrond&#039;&#039;&#039; in &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
===Films===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|&#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039; (1977 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Elrond appears in Rivendell, crowned with a ring of stars. He feeds the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]], and identifies [[Orcrist]] and [[Glamdring]]. He needs little time to identify the latter.He is shown with a beard, although Tolkien clearly states [[elves]] do not have beards. His voice was provided by [[Cyril Ritchard]].&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Elrond, voiced by [[André Morell]], appears at the Council of Elrond. He sits on a raised chair, and narrates the scene. Not until the Ring is brought forward does he take an active part.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|&#039;&#039;The Return of the King&#039;&#039; (1980 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Elrond appears roughly the same as in the first of [[Rankin/Bass]]&#039; films. The premise of the film, a minstrel of Gondor who tells the tale of &amp;quot;Frodo of the Nine Fingers, and the Ring of Doom&amp;quot; at the birthday of Bilbo, allows Elrond to be a member of the audience. Because Ritchard had passed away, Rankin/Bass regular [[Paul Frees]] took over.&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;2001: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Elrond, played by [[Hugo Weaving]], first appears in the prologue as a commander of the army of Gil-galad in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. A later flashback scene shows him actually taking [[Isildur]] into [[Mount Doom]], trying to persuade him to destroy the Ring. [[Círdan]] is omitted. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:As in the book, Elrond heals Frodo&#039;s wound from Weathertop. Elrond then has a conversation with Gandalf, discussing the many challenges that face them.  Elrond argues that the Ring cannot remain in Rivendell (in the film, Frodo appears to have thought that he would be able to leave the Ring there). He also expresses his doubts about the race of Men, and gives the first hints about Aragorn&#039;s real identity. In the Council of Elrond, Elrond himself is the one who argues that the only option is to destroy the Ring. He does not select the Fellowship, but accepts those who volunteer.&lt;br /&gt;
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:Elrond gains two additional scenes in the Extended Edition of the movie. In the first, he talks with Aragorn beside the grave of Aragorn’s mother. Elrond encourages the reluctant Aragorn to accept his fate of becoming king. In the next scene, Elrond blesses the departing Fellowship.&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;2002: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Though he had no scenes in the book, Elrond appears mainly in conversations with [[Arwen]], whose role is also greatly expanded. In a flashback, Aragorn remembers Elrond telling him to abandon his love for Arwen, allowing her to sail to [[Valinor]]. Aragorn attempts to do this, but Arwen denies him. In another scene, Elrond persuades Arwen that she should sail to Valinor, describing what will happen if she remains and Aragorn dies. Elrond then has a telepathic communication with [[Galadriel]] discussing the [[War of the Ring|war]] that is about to start. He apparently suggests that she send an army to [[Helm&#039;s Deep]] to aid the [[Rohirrim|Men]] there, since when [[Haldir (elf of Lórien)|Haldir]] arrives at Helm&#039;s Deep he says that he brings &amp;quot;word from Elrond of Rivendell&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;2003: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:In the final installemnt of Jackson&#039;s film series, Elrond&#039;s first scene is with Arwen, who has decided not to sail after all, but to return. Although he senses that she is dying, Elrond acknowledges her choice. At her suggestion, he has the shards of Narsil re-forged, then carries the new sword to Aragorn at [[Dunharrow]]. He finally convinces Aragorn to accept his destiny, and advises him to take the [[Paths of the Dead]]. Later, Elrond escorts Arwen to [[Minas Tirith]] for her wedding, and he finally sails to Valinor with the Ringbearers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039; (film series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Hugo Weaving]] will reprise his role as Elrond.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;IMCasting&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen&#039;s website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===Radio series===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1955 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:The part of Elrond is voiced by [[Garard Green]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RT1674&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Radio Times, Volume 129, No. 1674, [[9 December|December 9]], [[1955]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039; (1968 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:In this adaptation, Elrond is voiced by [[John Pullen]]. &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1981 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Hugh Dickson]] provided the voice of Elrond in this radio series. He appears only in the episode containing the [[Council of Elrond]], and appears unintroduced. Dickson showcases great trouble with pronouncing Elvish, and especially diphtongs. Gimli is the son of &amp;quot;[[Glóin son of Gróin|Gloo-in]]&amp;quot;, who fought the dragon &amp;quot;[[Smaug|Sma-oog]]&amp;quot;. Legolas is the son of &amp;quot;[[Thranduil|Thrandoo-uhl]]&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Games===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring&#039;&#039; (video game)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Like his predecessor Hugh Dickson, [[Jim Piddock]] shows incredible difficulty with diphtongs. &amp;quot;Glau-win&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Thrandool&amp;quot; dislike eachother, so too their sons. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|&#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039; (2003 video game)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:In a short cutscene between the levels &amp;quot;Roast Mutton&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Over Hill and Under Hill&amp;quot;, Elrond is briefly mentioned. An artful image on a manuscript can be seen, while the [[Tom Kane|narrator]] explains Elrond examined the map and the swords. &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;2006: &#039;&#039;[[EA&#039;s The Battle for Middle-earth II]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:In an alternative, northern War of the Ring, Rivendell is the main base of operations for Glóin and Glorfindel. As such, Elrond is the source of missions and advice, and serves as the narrator throughout the game (Hugo Weaving reprises the role). Elrond is a playable character during the assault on [[Dol Guldur]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2007: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Elrond is a non-playable character and can be found in the library of the Last Homely House in Rivendell. During the Elven Prologue set hundreds of years before the War of the Ring he participates in a battle in the refuge of Edhellion, in northern [[Ered Luin]]. Elrond is heavily involved in the game original storyline and the characters are frequently bidden to return to him after uncovering troubling signs of the Enemy or achieving notable victories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2009: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Hugo Weaving once again reprises the role, serving as the narrator for both Good and Evil campaigns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2011: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Early in the game Elrond sends his sons, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], to scout [[Fornost]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, &#039;&#039;Inner Wards&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He later interacts with main characters in Rivendell, guiding them on their path of defeating Argandaur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[:Category:Images of Elrond|Images of Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Twins]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{References}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:House of Eärendil]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:House of Dior]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:House of Elrond| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sindarin names]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/semi-elfes/elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Elrond]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Celebr%C3%ADan&amp;diff=225554</id>
		<title>Celebrían</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Celebr%C3%ADan&amp;diff=225554"/>
		<updated>2013-01-13T15:09:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* History */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{teleri infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:Tania Weil - Celebrian.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Celebrían&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&lt;br /&gt;
| titles=Lady of [[Rivendell]]&lt;br /&gt;
| birth=&#039;&#039;Unknown&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| realm=[[Rivendell|Imladris]], [[Lothlórien]]&lt;br /&gt;
| death=Sailed [[Valinor|West]] in {{TA|2510}}&lt;br /&gt;
| age=&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=[[Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
| children=[[Elladan]], [[Elrohir]], [[Arwen]]&lt;br /&gt;
| parentage=[[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]].&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=Female&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=Probably silver&lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Celebrían.mp3|Gilgamesh}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Celebrían&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[keleˈbriː.an]}}; sailed West {{TA|2510}}&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TA&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|TA}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;) was an [[Elves|Elf]]-lady of [[Lothlórien]], the daughter of [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]. As the wife of [[Elrond]], she was also known as Lady of [[Rivendell]]. She was the mother of [[Arwen]] and the twins [[Elrohir]] and [[Elladan]]. Her daughter would later marry [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]], hero of the [[War of the Ring]], and become the Queen of the [[Reunited Kingdom]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Celebrían lived in the Elven Kingdom of [[Eregion]], and later moved to [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] with her mother sometime between {{SA|1350}} and {{SA|1400}}.  In {{SA|1701}} she went to [[Rivendell]] with Galadriel searching for Celeborn, where she first met Lord Elrond.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|Galadriel}}, &#039;&#039;Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Centuries later they would marry, in the year {{TA|109|n}} of the Third Age.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TA&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|2509}}, on a trip to [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] to visit her parents, she was waylaid by [[Orcs]] in the [[Redhorn Pass]] of the [[Misty Mountains]]. She was captured and tormented, receiving a poisoned wound.  Her sons rescued her and she was physically healed by Elrond, but she never fully recovered in mind or spirit, and no longer wished to stay in Middle-earth. She left for the [[Grey Havens]] and passed over the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] the following year.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TA&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Genealogy ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree/start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | EAR |y| ELW | | CEL |y| GAL |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|CEL=[[Celeborn]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |!| | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | ELS | | ELD |~|y|~| CEB | | |ELS=[[Elros]]|ELD=[[Elrond]]|CEB=&#039;&#039;&#039;CELEBRÍAN&#039;&#039;&#039;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|.| |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | ARA |~| ARW | | ELR | | ELL |ARA=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]|ARW=[[Arwen]]|ELR=[[Elrohir]]|ELL=[[Elladan]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree/end}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Celebrian}} &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Elves]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Falmari]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:House of Olwë]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sindarin names]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Celebrían]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:celebrian]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Celebrían]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gondor&amp;diff=225397</id>
		<title>Gondor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gondor&amp;diff=225397"/>
		<updated>2013-01-08T07:59:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* The Kin-strife */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{kingdom&lt;br /&gt;
| image = [[Image:Gondor.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Gondor&lt;br /&gt;
| meaning = Land of Stone&lt;br /&gt;
| type = Monarchy/Stewardship&lt;br /&gt;
| hidep=yes&lt;br /&gt;
| headofstate = [[King of Gondor]]/[[Ruling Steward]]&lt;br /&gt;
| executive = [[Council of Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
| legislative = &lt;br /&gt;
| judicial = &lt;br /&gt;
| capital = [[Osgiliath]]/[[Minas Tirith]]&lt;br /&gt;
| language = [[Westron]]&lt;br /&gt;
| location = South of the [[White Mountains]], west of [[Mordor]]&lt;br /&gt;
| populace= Mostly [[Men]]&lt;br /&gt;
| currency = The [[castar]]&lt;br /&gt;
| religious =&lt;br /&gt;
| holiday = &lt;br /&gt;
| anthem = &lt;br /&gt;
| formed = The escape of the [[Faithful]] from the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in {{SA|3319}}&lt;br /&gt;
| established = {{SA|3320}}&lt;br /&gt;
| reorganized = {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
| fragmented = &lt;br /&gt;
| dissolved = &lt;br /&gt;
| restored = &lt;br /&gt;
}}{{Pronounce|Gondor.mp3|Ardamir}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;{{quote|Gondor! Gondor, between the Mountains and the Sea!&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;West Wind blew there; light upon the Silver Tree|[[Aragorn]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tRoR&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[The Two Towers]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Riders of Rohan]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Gondor&#039;&#039;&#039; was the &#039;&#039;&#039;South Kingdom&#039;&#039;&#039; of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Middle-earth]], established soon after the downfall of [[Númenor]] by [[Isildur]] and his brother [[Anárion]]. Their father [[Elendil]], who ruled the North Kingdom [[Arnor]], held the overlordship of the realm, however. Though it waned in power over time and the line of its Kings failed, Gondor survived to the end of the [[Third Age]], and had an instrumental role in the [[War of the Ring]]. After the defeat of [[Sauron]], Gondor was ruled by [[Aragorn|Elessar]], Heir of Isildur. Gondor was the seat of the [[Dominion of Men]] in the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]], and many of the tales and legends of the earlier [[Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar|Age]]s of Middle-earth come from the lore and history it preserved.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Early History ===&lt;br /&gt;
Before the Downfall of Númenor, the region that would become Gondor was home to many Númenórean colonists, who either mingled with the indigenous [[Middle Men]] if they were friendly, or dispersed them into [[Ras Morthil]], [[Dunland]], and [[Drúadan Forest]]. The land on which Gondor was founded was more fertile than the more northerly areas of Middle-earth, and therefore it already had a fairly large population and settlements, including a well-established haven, [[Pelargir]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTD&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{UT|Druedain}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; founded by the [[Faithful]] Númenóreans in the year {{SA|2350|n}} of the [[Second Age]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The refugees from [[Númenor]] led by [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] were given a warm reception upon their arrival by those [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] colonists. Those north of the river [[Anduin]] accepted Elendil&#039;s claim to kingship over them. South of the Great River, however, there were also-newly-exiled [[Black Númenóreans]], descendants of the [[King&#039;s Men]] of Númenor, who opposed the Faithful, and therefore did not recognize Elendil&#039;s claim. Much of Gondor&#039;s early history was marked by conflict with the Black Númenóreans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The White Tree.jpg|thumb|&#039;&#039;The White Tree&#039;&#039; by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]After their arrival and acceptance by the people, Isildur and Anárion put themselves to the task of ordering their realm. Isildur took the area then known as [[Arnen]] (later [[Ithilien]])&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{VT|42a}}, p. 17&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and built the tower of [[Minas Ithil]] near Mordor as a threat to the [[Mordor|Black Land]], and within its walls he planted a seedling of the [[Nimloth of Númenor|White Tree]] of Númenor that he had taken before its destruction. Anárion raised the tower of [[Minas Anor]] on the other side of Anduin&#039;s floodplain as a bulwark against the [[Wild Men]]. In between their cities, the brothers founded [[Osgiliath]], their capital. From this city Isildur and Anárion ruled side-by-side, and used the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri]]&#039;&#039;, the Seeing Stones that the Faithful had taken with them from Númenor, to maintain contact with Elendil and the other areas under their control.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== First Conflict with Sauron ===&lt;br /&gt;
The Dúnedain were at first unaware that Sauron, who had been taken as a prisoner to Númenor before its destruction, had survived the disastrous Downfall. However, not long after the kingdom&#039;s cities were built, the awakening of the fires of [[Orodruin]] signaled his return. At that time, the Men of Gondor first called the mountain &#039;&#039;Amon Amarth&#039;&#039;, or Mount Doom. Soon after, Sauron launched an attack on Minas Ithil, which forced Isildur into a retreat. Sauron took the fortress and burned the White Tree that had grown there, but Isildur saved one of its seedlings and took it and his family on a ship down the Anduin. He sailed to the north to confer with Elendil about these events. Anárion remained in Gondor and continued to hold Osgiliath. He also managed to push back Sauron&#039;s forces to the mountain range of [[Ephel Dúath]], but Sauron began to gather reinforcements, among whom were a large number of Black Númenóreans, and the Men of Gondor knew that their realm was in great danger of being destroyed unless aid came.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The [[War of the Last Alliance]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
Elendil reacted to the threat of Sauron by combining forces with [[Gil-galad]] the [[Elves|Elven]]-king to make the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. Their armies marched southeast from Arnor and Gil-galad&#039;s realm of [[Lindon]]. Supported by the forces of Gondor, [[Lórinand]], [[Mirkwood]] and the dwarves of [[Moria]], the Alliance fought a great battle on the plain of [[Dagorlad]] north of Mordor. The armies of Elendil and Gil-galad were victorious, and entered Mordor itself, where they laid a siege on Sauron&#039;s Tower of [[Siege of Barad-dûr|Barad-dûr]] for seven years. During this time, Anárion was killed by a rock thrown from the Tower that broke his helm. The siege ended when Sauron himself emerged from Barad-dûr to fight the Alliance. Gil-galad and Elendil attacked and destroyed Sauron, though they themselves were slain the process.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;OtRoP&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[The Silmarillion]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Gondor in the Beginning of the [[Third Age]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
====Rebuilding====&lt;br /&gt;
After the battle, during which the long Second Age came to an end, Isildur built a secret tomb for Elendil on the mountain [[Amon Anwar]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CE&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; He also aided Anárion&#039;s son [[Meneldil]], who was now King, in reorganizing Gondor. Isildur planted the seedling of the White Tree that he had saved in [[Minas Ithil]], and brought to Minas Anor (later known as Minas Tirith), and it endured for several centuries. After these acts, Isildur left Gondor in the third year of the Third Age with the intent of ruling his father&#039;s kingdom of Arnor. He [[Battle of the Gladden Fields|never arrived]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Gladden&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[Unfinished Tales]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Gondor Prospers ====&lt;br /&gt;
After the war, Gondor&#039;s power and wealth grew steadily (only interrupted by an [[Easterlings|Easterling]] invasion in [[Third Age 492]]). Its power would continue to grow into the 9th century of the Third Age.  While the power of Gondor&#039;s sister kingdom [[Arnor]] peaked during the 9th century, when it broke into various successor states, Gondor&#039;s greatest glory was yet to come.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Gondor&#039;s Golden Age ====&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Gondor TA1050.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gondor in {{TA|1050}}]]Gondor&#039;s power reached its Golden Age under the four &amp;quot;[[Ship-kings]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Gondor&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|Gondor}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The reign of Tarannon was an unhappy one: he married [[Berúthiel]], nefarious and loveless. Unlike her husband, she hated the Sea, its smells and its sounds. Mystery began to surround her as she used her [[cats]] to spy on every one, and paranoia and fear rose. After much ado, Tarannon banished her from Gondor, setting her on an adrift ship with her cats. It was last seen passing [[Haven of Umbar|Umbar]] in the South.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTI7&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[Unfinished Tales]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Istari]]&amp;quot;, note 7&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the reign of the powerful king Hyarmendacil I Gondor reached the height of its power. During Hyarmendacil&#039;s reign Gondor&#039;s borders reached their furthest extent. The Kingdom extended east to the [[Sea of Rhûn]], south to the nearest lands of the [[Haradrim]], as far north as [[Mirkwood]] and west towards the borders of [[Arnor]]. Gondor would also enjoy several centuries of peace due to its military might.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Gondor&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rómendacil II]] built on the northern approach to [[Nen Hithoel]] the giant pillars [[Argonath]] to mark the northern border of Gondor around [[Third Age 1340]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Decline of Gondor ===&lt;br /&gt;
But after his reign decadence spread under the kings of Gondor and a long period of decline began (although Gondor experienced several revivals). Three great calamities struck Gondor during the second millennium of the Third Age, which are held to be the chief reasons for its decline:  the [[Kin-strife]], the [[Great Plague]], and the invasion of the [[Wainriders]] (a tribe of Easterlings), one of series of conflicts in the [[Wainrider/Balchoth War]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Kin-strife ====&lt;br /&gt;
In the 15th century a great civil war named the Kin-strife tore the nation apart.  The current King Eldacar was of mixed blood: his mother was of the Northmen.  Popular displeasure at this led to the overthrow of King Eldacar by Castamir, the admiral of all of Gondor&#039;s naval forces who possessed some royal blood.  Eldacar&#039;s son was slain, and Eldacar fled north.  Castamir was afterward known as [[Castamir|Castamir the Usurper]].  During his ten year rule he proved to be very cruel, and because of his love of his old fleet, he lavished attention on the coastal regions while the interior provinces were ignored and left to rot.  Eldacar then returned with an army of his Northmen kinsmen, and they were joined by armies of Gondorians from interior provinces such as Anórien.  [[Osgiliath]] was devastated during this conflict, its great bridge destroyed and its &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; lost. Eldacar slew Castamir and reclaimed his throne, but Castamir&#039;s sons and their forces were besieged in Pelargir, the great port of Gondor.  They eventually retreated to Umbar, where they joined with the Corsairs, and troubled Gondor for many years, until their descendants died out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Great Plague ====&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Third Age 1636]] the [[Great Plague]] struck and the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] died.  This Plague was no localized event:  the Plague swept through all of Middle-earth, reaching the successor states of Arnor and the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]] in the North. King [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] found a sapling of the White Tree, and moved the capital from Osgiliath to [[Minas Anor]], the City of Anárion. During this time, Gondor was so depopulated that the fortifications guarding against the re-entry of evil into Mordor were abandoned.  It is believed that had the Haradrim or Easterlings been capable of attacking Gondor at this time, it would have fallen. However, the Plague left Gondor&#039;s enemies in no better condition than Gondor itself, and neither side was capable of mounting new offensives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Invasion of the Wainriders ====&lt;br /&gt;
Following the sapping of Gondor&#039;s strength by the plague, the Wainrider invasions devastated Gondor, and the conflict lasted for almost a century.  The Wainriders destroyed the Northern Army of Gondor, but survivors linked up with the victorious Southern Army of Gondor, led by a general named Eärnil, and they destroyed the Wainriders as they celebrated their victory during the [[Battle of the Camp]], in [[Third Age 1944]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Line of the Kings Fails ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Reunification Rejected ====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1944, Gondor also faced a constitutional crisis when King [[Ondoher]] was slain in a previous battle with both his sons. [[Arvedui]], King of [[Arthedain]], Ondoher&#039;s son-in-law, and the victorious general Eärnil, who was a distant blood-relative of Ondoher, claimed the throne. Arvedui&#039;s claim lay mainly in the reintroduction of the old Númenórean law of accession, which stated the eldest (remaining) child should succeed the king. If the law was reintroduced, then Arvedui&#039;s wife [[Fíriel]], Ondoher&#039;s daughter and last remaining child would become [[Ruling Queens of Númenor|Ruling Queen]], making their descendants Kings of both Arnor and Gondor. Arvedui also tried to put weight behind his claim as he was Isildur&#039;s heir. The council of Gondor recognised that the name of Isildur was held in honour in Gondor, but they dictated that the South-Kingdom must be ruled by an Heir of Anárion. Due to his ancestry from Fíriel and Arvedui, more than a millennium later, Aragorn Elessar put forward his claim as the heir of both Isildur and Anárion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eärnil lay his claim as being a direct descendant of King [[Telumehtar]] Umbardacil. His claim was also greatly bolstered by the popularity he had gained as the victorious general who saved Gondor from the Wainriders after winning the southern theatre of the war. Steward [[Pelendur]] who was temporarily ruling Gondor as serving as arbiter of succession, intervened in favour of Gondor&#039;s victorious general who would rule as [[Eärnil II]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Last Heir of Anárion ====&lt;br /&gt;
During the [[Battle of Fornost]], Eärnil II&#039;s heir Eärnur led Gondor&#039;s forces to victory over the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]], who was actually the Lord of the [[Nazgûl]].  Although Eärnur wished to fight him, Eärnur&#039;s horse was terrified and fled the battle against his wishes.  By the time he mastered his horse and return, the Witch-king had fled.  [[Glorfindel of Rivendell|Glorfindel]] the Elf then prophesied to him that it was better that he not fight the Lord of the Nazgûl because &amp;quot;never by the hand of man shall he fall&amp;quot;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eärnur later ascended to the throne, ruling from Minas Anor (Tower of the Sun).  During this time, the Ringwraiths captured Minas Anor&#039;s sister city, Minas Ithil (Tower of the Moon), renaming it Minas Morgul (Tower of Sorcery) and taking it as their lair.  Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith (Tower of Guard) as a result.  The Lord of the Nazgûl repeatedly sent messengers to Minas Tirith challenging Eärnur to single combat, taunting him that he had fled out of cowardice from facing him during the Battle of Fornost.  Eventually, King Eärnur was overcome by wrath and rode with a small company of knights to Minas Morgul, to accept the challenge.  They were never heard from again.  So ended the Line of [[Anárion]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Stewards of Gondor ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Ruling Stewards ====&lt;br /&gt;
The realm was governed by a long line of hereditary Stewards after the disappearance of [[Eärnur]], son of Eärnil, since there was no proof that the last king was dead, and no claimant had enough support to be accepted as his successor. The line of Anárion was held to have failed, and Gondor was not willing to risk to another Kin-strife, which would surely have destroyed it. Whenever there was a new Steward, he would swear an oath to yield rule of Gondor back to the King, in essence only an heir of Isildur, if he should ever return. In Gondor there was no one who could claim descent from Isildur in direct line, and the northern line of Arnor had effectively disappeared, so this oath was not considered seriously. The line of Stewards ruled as Kings, without having the title.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Cirion and Eorl ====&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl.jpg|thumb|left|200px|&#039;&#039;The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl&#039;&#039; by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Third Age 2510]], when Steward [[Cirion]] ruled over Gondor, the nation faced one of its greatest perils: an Easterling tribe named the &#039;&#039;[[Balchoth]]&#039;&#039; invaded Gondor with massive force. Gondor&#039;s army marched to fight the Balchoth but were cut off from [[Minas Tirith]] and pushed back in the direction of the [[Limlight]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Messengers were sent to get help from the [[Éothéod]], a tribe which lived in the northern vales of the [[Anduin]], but nobody expected the messengers to reach their destination. When certain peril came upon Gondor, however, the Éothéod turned the tide of the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]]. After the victory the Éothéod were awarded the fields of [[Calenardhon]] north of the [[Ered Nimrais]] from the Gap of Rohan at the southern end of the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]], [[Fangorn Forest]], rivers Limlight to river [[Anduin]], western [[Emyn Muil]] and the [[Mering Stream]], where they established the kingdom of [[Rohan]] with [[Eorl the Young]] as their first king. A perpetual alliance between Gondor and Rohan was established by the oath Eorl swore to Cirion.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CE&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[War of the Ring]]===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Gondor TA3019.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gondor in {{TA|3019}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
In 3019, during the [[War of the Ring]], Gondor was the strongest of the free nations that opposed Sauron, and thus, its defeat was his primary strategic goal in the war.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MT&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[The Return of the King]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[Minas Tirith (chapter)|Minas Tirith]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Gondor faced an all out attack on its capital Minas Tirith in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. Although nearly defeated, the Rohirrim once again turned the tide of battle, and helped win the war, though with heavy losses.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tBotPF&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{RK|Battle}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The combined army of the West then carried the battle to Sauron at the Battle of the Morannon, a feint to distract Sauron&#039;s attention from Frodo Baggins&#039;s quest to destroy the One Ring in Mount Doom, thus causing Sauron&#039;s destruction and the allies&#039; ultimate victory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the second and final defeat of Sauron the Kingship was restored, [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] became king of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of Gondor and Arnor. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Faramir]], last heir of the Ruling Stewards, was to retain the office of steward (though not ruling), and was made [[Prince of Ithilien]], which had been reconquered from the forces of Mordor.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tSatK&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[The Return of the King]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Steward and the King]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Faramir would serve as the King&#039;s representative during absence or illness, and became the chief counsellor of the [[Council of Gondor]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L244&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), &#039;&#039;[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;, [[Letter 244]] (dated c. [[1963]])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Geography==&lt;br /&gt;
Initially, Gondor was comprised of the lands to the North and South of the [[White Mountains]], but [[Calenardhon|a large part of the northern territories]] was gifted to the [[Éothéod]] in [[Third Age 2510]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[Unfinished Tales]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[Cirion and Eorl]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Gondor&#039;s close proximity to Sauron&#039;s land was the catalyst of many battles and skirmishes, but its location also gave the Gondorians more ability to protect the other regions of Middle-earth from the Dark Lord and his servants.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CoE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Council of Elrond]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Regions===&lt;br /&gt;
Gondor was divided between several nearly autonomous regions. These were the following:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ithilien]], across the [[Anduin]] from Minas Tirith&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Anórien]], surrounding [[Minas Tirith]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Lossarnach]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Lebennin]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Belfalas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dor-en-Ernil]], ruled by the [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Lamedon]], north of the [[Ringló]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Anfalas]], or the Langstrand, in the south-west&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ethir Anduin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The long cape of [[Andrast]] was not populated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally, Gondor held or had held the following regions at certain points in its history:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Harondor]] or South Gondor, which was contested between Gondor and [[Harad]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Calenardhon]], which was given to the Éothéod and became Rohan&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Enedwaith]], never really populated by Gondor and soon abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]], which was never fully under the control of Gondor but under Gondorian influence at certain times during the Third Age&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cities===&lt;br /&gt;
Cities in Gondor included:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Calembel]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dol Amroth]], a city on the coast of Belfalas&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Erech]], fortress of Gondor, abandoned by the end of the Third Age&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Linhir]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Minas Tirith]] (originally named Minas Anor), City of the Kings&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Osgiliath]], city and former capital of Gondor on the river Anduin, largely destroyed and abandoned by the end of the Third Age&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Pelargir]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tarnost]] (debatable)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;t2M&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The War of the Ring]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Second Map]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Fortresses and outposts===&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally, Gondor used the following locations as military strongholds at certain points in its history, many of which Mordor later took:&lt;br /&gt;
* The outposts of [[Amon Hen]] and [[Amon Lhaw]] on [[Emyn Muil]] probably had small garrisons&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Isengard|Angrenost]], the fortress of Isengard, later granted to [[Saruman]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aglarond]], the Gondorian fortress, later known as Helm&#039;s Deep&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[Towers of the Teeth]], built by the Gondorians to keep watch over Mordor&lt;br /&gt;
* The Gondorian fortress guarding the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]]&lt;br /&gt;
* The castle that came to be called [[Durthang]], the largest fortress in Mordor, originally built to guard the [[Ephel Dúath]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Minas Ithil]], conquered by [[Mordor]] and renamed [[Minas Morgul]] by the Gondorians&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tharbad]] to the north, held by both Gondor and Arnor but abandoned and later ruined after Gondor retreated from [[Enedwaith]]&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[Haven of Umbar]], a harbour in the south which was contested by the Haradrim and lost and reclaimed several times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Languages==&lt;br /&gt;
As the Gondorians came from Númenor, so came their language: [[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the main language of the people of Gondor. Though the source of Westron lied in Pelargir,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AppF&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Appendix F]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;Of Men&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; the clearest form, without any accent, was spoken in Minas Tirith.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L193&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), &#039;&#039;[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;, [[Letter 193]] (dated [[2 November|November 2]], [[1956]])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This style was nobler and more antique than other dialects, and this was the Westron the Elves adopted.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L144&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), &#039;&#039;[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;, [[Letter 144]] (dated [[25 April|April 25]], [[1954]])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In reverence of the mighty lords of Númenor of old, Eldarin was spoken by nobility. Quenya was known to the learned, and Sindarin was used to be polite, especially by those of high [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L347&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), &#039;&#039;[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;, [[Letter 347]] (dated [[17 December|December 17]], [[1972]])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; However, especially the Sindarin contained several [[Gondor Sindarin|dialectical differences]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CE49&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[Unfinished Tales]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[Cirion and Eorl]]&amp;quot;, note 49&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
In earlier times, it was called the South Kingdom, or &#039;&#039;Hyaralondie&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Hyallondie&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Turmen Hyallondiéva&#039;&#039; in Quenya, and &#039;&#039;Arthor na Challonnas&#039;&#039; in Sindarin from the Númenórean point of view: the elements &#039;&#039;[[londie]]&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;[[lonnas]]&#039;&#039; mean &amp;quot;harbour, landing&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PE17&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{PE|17}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;&#039;Gondor&#039;&#039;&#039; was likely adopted from the lesser people&#039;s terminology&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L324&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{L|324}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and translates from [[Sindarin]] as &amp;quot;Stone-land&amp;quot;, from the words &#039;&#039;[[gond]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;stone&amp;quot;, and &#039;&#039;(n)[[dor]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;land&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L324&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; The (generally not used) [[Quenya]] form of the name was &#039;&#039;Ondonóre&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;VT42&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{VT|42}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Gondor received its name because of the abundance of stone in the [[Ered Nimrais]], and the usage of it in great stone cities, statues, and monuments, such as Minas Tirith and the Argonath. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Rohan]], it was known as &#039;&#039;&#039;Stoningland&#039;&#039;&#039; (a modernization of [[Old English]] &#039;&#039;Stāning-(land)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|N}}, p. 776&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;),&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tBotPF&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; and [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]] of the [[Drúedain]] also recognized their use of stone.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RotR&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{RK|Ride}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Inspiration==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Tolkien]] himself likened Gondor in a degree to ancient Egypt, in terms of how Gondorians constructed gigantic stone structures, and the [[Crown of Gondor]] being similar to the [[Wikipedia:Pschent|crown of the Pharaohs of Egypt]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{L|211}}, p. 281&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Notably, some &amp;quot;scholars&amp;quot; claimed that ancient Egypt was a colony of [[Atlantis]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Ignatius L. Donnelly|Ignatius L. Donnelly]], [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4032 Atlantis: The Antediluvian World] (1882), Part V, Chapter II: The Egyptian Colony&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; much like how Gondor was a survival of Númenor (although it is unknown if Tolkien considered this aspect).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In online discussions, many [[Tolkien fandom|Tolkien fans]] have entertained the idea that Gondor is comparable to the [[Wikipedia:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.middleearthcenter.com/forums/showthread.php?t=21307|articlename=Gondor -&amp;gt; Byzantine Empire|dated=|website=[http://www.middleearthcenter.com/ Middle-earth Center]|accessed=22 September 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229914|articlename=Is Gondor Constantinople?|dated=|website=Plaza|accessed=22 September 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.thephora.net/forum/showthread.php?t=12555|articlename=Gondor = Byzantium?|dated=|website=[http://www.thephora.net/forum/index.php The Phora]|accessed=22 September 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and Tolkien himself referred to Minas Tirith as a &amp;quot;Byzantine City&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|RC}}, p. 570&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Some of the parallels noted between Gondor and the Byzantine Empire are:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miryam Librán-Moreno, &amp;quot;&#039;Byzantium, New Rome!&#039;: Goths, Langobards, and Byzantium in &#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039;&amp;quot;, in &#039;&#039;[[Tolkien and the Study of His Sources]]&#039;&#039; (edited by [[Jason Fisher]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=Tom Simon|articleurl=http://www.bondwine.com/essays/38/gondor.html|articlename=Gondor, Byzantium, and Feudalism|dated=13 March 2010|website=[http://www.bondwine.com/ Bondwine]|accessed=22 September 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gondor is the south-eastern portion of [[Elendil]]&#039;s original kingdom. The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern remnant of the Roman Empire. The [[Wikipedia:Western Roman Empire|Western Roman Empire]] eventually withered and dissolved, like [[Arnor]], while the Byzantine Empire endured, although in declined state. Their geographical role is also comparable as the Byzantine Empire encircled the Mediterranean while Gondor occupied the region around the [[Bay of Belfalas]]; both were threatened by [[Easterlings|eastern]] and [[Haradrim|southern]] adversaries. The Byzantine Empire absorbed several &amp;quot;barbaric&amp;quot; peoples like the Wends and Slavs, much like Gondor did with the [[Northmen]] and other [[Middle Men]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As a final note, the last Byzantine Emperor, [[Wikipedia:Constantine_XI_Palaiologos#Legacy|Constantine XI]], remained in legend and folklore as the [[Wikipedia:King in the mountain|&amp;quot;Marble King&amp;quot;]] whose messianic ressurection and return would signal the restoration of the Empire. This parallels the fate of [[Earnur]] and Gondor&#039;s interregnum period until the &amp;quot;Return of the [[Aragorn|King]]&amp;quot; who [[Reunited Kingdom|restored the Kingdom]]. However unlike the Byzantine Empire, Gondor did not fall.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{References}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Gondor| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Regions]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fa:گاندور]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Gondor]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gondor&amp;diff=225396</id>
		<title>Gondor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gondor&amp;diff=225396"/>
		<updated>2013-01-08T07:53:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* Rebuilding */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{kingdom&lt;br /&gt;
| image = [[Image:Gondor.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Gondor&lt;br /&gt;
| meaning = Land of Stone&lt;br /&gt;
| type = Monarchy/Stewardship&lt;br /&gt;
| hidep=yes&lt;br /&gt;
| headofstate = [[King of Gondor]]/[[Ruling Steward]]&lt;br /&gt;
| executive = [[Council of Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
| legislative = &lt;br /&gt;
| judicial = &lt;br /&gt;
| capital = [[Osgiliath]]/[[Minas Tirith]]&lt;br /&gt;
| language = [[Westron]]&lt;br /&gt;
| location = South of the [[White Mountains]], west of [[Mordor]]&lt;br /&gt;
| populace= Mostly [[Men]]&lt;br /&gt;
| currency = The [[castar]]&lt;br /&gt;
| religious =&lt;br /&gt;
| holiday = &lt;br /&gt;
| anthem = &lt;br /&gt;
| formed = The escape of the [[Faithful]] from the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in {{SA|3319}}&lt;br /&gt;
| established = {{SA|3320}}&lt;br /&gt;
| reorganized = {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
| fragmented = &lt;br /&gt;
| dissolved = &lt;br /&gt;
| restored = &lt;br /&gt;
}}{{Pronounce|Gondor.mp3|Ardamir}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;{{quote|Gondor! Gondor, between the Mountains and the Sea!&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;West Wind blew there; light upon the Silver Tree|[[Aragorn]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tRoR&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[The Two Towers]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Riders of Rohan]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Gondor&#039;&#039;&#039; was the &#039;&#039;&#039;South Kingdom&#039;&#039;&#039; of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Middle-earth]], established soon after the downfall of [[Númenor]] by [[Isildur]] and his brother [[Anárion]]. Their father [[Elendil]], who ruled the North Kingdom [[Arnor]], held the overlordship of the realm, however. Though it waned in power over time and the line of its Kings failed, Gondor survived to the end of the [[Third Age]], and had an instrumental role in the [[War of the Ring]]. After the defeat of [[Sauron]], Gondor was ruled by [[Aragorn|Elessar]], Heir of Isildur. Gondor was the seat of the [[Dominion of Men]] in the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]], and many of the tales and legends of the earlier [[Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar|Age]]s of Middle-earth come from the lore and history it preserved.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Early History ===&lt;br /&gt;
Before the Downfall of Númenor, the region that would become Gondor was home to many Númenórean colonists, who either mingled with the indigenous [[Middle Men]] if they were friendly, or dispersed them into [[Ras Morthil]], [[Dunland]], and [[Drúadan Forest]]. The land on which Gondor was founded was more fertile than the more northerly areas of Middle-earth, and therefore it already had a fairly large population and settlements, including a well-established haven, [[Pelargir]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTD&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{UT|Druedain}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; founded by the [[Faithful]] Númenóreans in the year {{SA|2350|n}} of the [[Second Age]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The refugees from [[Númenor]] led by [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] were given a warm reception upon their arrival by those [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] colonists. Those north of the river [[Anduin]] accepted Elendil&#039;s claim to kingship over them. South of the Great River, however, there were also-newly-exiled [[Black Númenóreans]], descendants of the [[King&#039;s Men]] of Númenor, who opposed the Faithful, and therefore did not recognize Elendil&#039;s claim. Much of Gondor&#039;s early history was marked by conflict with the Black Númenóreans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The White Tree.jpg|thumb|&#039;&#039;The White Tree&#039;&#039; by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]After their arrival and acceptance by the people, Isildur and Anárion put themselves to the task of ordering their realm. Isildur took the area then known as [[Arnen]] (later [[Ithilien]])&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{VT|42a}}, p. 17&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and built the tower of [[Minas Ithil]] near Mordor as a threat to the [[Mordor|Black Land]], and within its walls he planted a seedling of the [[Nimloth of Númenor|White Tree]] of Númenor that he had taken before its destruction. Anárion raised the tower of [[Minas Anor]] on the other side of Anduin&#039;s floodplain as a bulwark against the [[Wild Men]]. In between their cities, the brothers founded [[Osgiliath]], their capital. From this city Isildur and Anárion ruled side-by-side, and used the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri]]&#039;&#039;, the Seeing Stones that the Faithful had taken with them from Númenor, to maintain contact with Elendil and the other areas under their control.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== First Conflict with Sauron ===&lt;br /&gt;
The Dúnedain were at first unaware that Sauron, who had been taken as a prisoner to Númenor before its destruction, had survived the disastrous Downfall. However, not long after the kingdom&#039;s cities were built, the awakening of the fires of [[Orodruin]] signaled his return. At that time, the Men of Gondor first called the mountain &#039;&#039;Amon Amarth&#039;&#039;, or Mount Doom. Soon after, Sauron launched an attack on Minas Ithil, which forced Isildur into a retreat. Sauron took the fortress and burned the White Tree that had grown there, but Isildur saved one of its seedlings and took it and his family on a ship down the Anduin. He sailed to the north to confer with Elendil about these events. Anárion remained in Gondor and continued to hold Osgiliath. He also managed to push back Sauron&#039;s forces to the mountain range of [[Ephel Dúath]], but Sauron began to gather reinforcements, among whom were a large number of Black Númenóreans, and the Men of Gondor knew that their realm was in great danger of being destroyed unless aid came.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The [[War of the Last Alliance]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
Elendil reacted to the threat of Sauron by combining forces with [[Gil-galad]] the [[Elves|Elven]]-king to make the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. Their armies marched southeast from Arnor and Gil-galad&#039;s realm of [[Lindon]]. Supported by the forces of Gondor, [[Lórinand]], [[Mirkwood]] and the dwarves of [[Moria]], the Alliance fought a great battle on the plain of [[Dagorlad]] north of Mordor. The armies of Elendil and Gil-galad were victorious, and entered Mordor itself, where they laid a siege on Sauron&#039;s Tower of [[Siege of Barad-dûr|Barad-dûr]] for seven years. During this time, Anárion was killed by a rock thrown from the Tower that broke his helm. The siege ended when Sauron himself emerged from Barad-dûr to fight the Alliance. Gil-galad and Elendil attacked and destroyed Sauron, though they themselves were slain the process.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;OtRoP&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[The Silmarillion]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Gondor in the Beginning of the [[Third Age]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
====Rebuilding====&lt;br /&gt;
After the battle, during which the long Second Age came to an end, Isildur built a secret tomb for Elendil on the mountain [[Amon Anwar]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CE&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; He also aided Anárion&#039;s son [[Meneldil]], who was now King, in reorganizing Gondor. Isildur planted the seedling of the White Tree that he had saved in [[Minas Ithil]], and brought to Minas Anor (later known as Minas Tirith), and it endured for several centuries. After these acts, Isildur left Gondor in the third year of the Third Age with the intent of ruling his father&#039;s kingdom of Arnor. He [[Battle of the Gladden Fields|never arrived]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Gladden&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[Unfinished Tales]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Gondor Prospers ====&lt;br /&gt;
After the war, Gondor&#039;s power and wealth grew steadily (only interrupted by an [[Easterlings|Easterling]] invasion in [[Third Age 492]]). Its power would continue to grow into the 9th century of the Third Age.  While the power of Gondor&#039;s sister kingdom [[Arnor]] peaked during the 9th century, when it broke into various successor states, Gondor&#039;s greatest glory was yet to come.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Gondor&#039;s Golden Age ====&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Gondor TA1050.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gondor in {{TA|1050}}]]Gondor&#039;s power reached its Golden Age under the four &amp;quot;[[Ship-kings]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Gondor&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|Gondor}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The reign of Tarannon was an unhappy one: he married [[Berúthiel]], nefarious and loveless. Unlike her husband, she hated the Sea, its smells and its sounds. Mystery began to surround her as she used her [[cats]] to spy on every one, and paranoia and fear rose. After much ado, Tarannon banished her from Gondor, setting her on an adrift ship with her cats. It was last seen passing [[Haven of Umbar|Umbar]] in the South.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UTI7&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[Unfinished Tales]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Istari]]&amp;quot;, note 7&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the reign of the powerful king Hyarmendacil I Gondor reached the height of its power. During Hyarmendacil&#039;s reign Gondor&#039;s borders reached their furthest extent. The Kingdom extended east to the [[Sea of Rhûn]], south to the nearest lands of the [[Haradrim]], as far north as [[Mirkwood]] and west towards the borders of [[Arnor]]. Gondor would also enjoy several centuries of peace due to its military might.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Gondor&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rómendacil II]] built on the northern approach to [[Nen Hithoel]] the giant pillars [[Argonath]] to mark the northern border of Gondor around [[Third Age 1340]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Decline of Gondor ===&lt;br /&gt;
But after his reign decadence spread under the kings of Gondor and a long period of decline began (although Gondor experienced several revivals). Three great calamities struck Gondor during the second millennium of the Third Age, which are held to be the chief reasons for its decline:  the [[Kin-strife]], the [[Great Plague]], and the invasion of the [[Wainriders]] (a tribe of Easterlings), one of series of conflicts in the [[Wainrider/Balchoth War]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Kin-strife ====&lt;br /&gt;
In the 15th century a great civil war named the Kin-strife tore the nation apart.  The current King Eldacar was of mixed blood: his mother was of the Northmen.  Popular displeasure at this led to the overthrow of King Eldacar by Castamir, the admiral of all of Gondor&#039;s naval forces who possessed some royal blood.  Eldacar&#039;s son was slain, and he fled north.  Castamir was afterward known as [[Castamir|Castamir the Usurper]].  During his ten year rule he proved to be very cruel, and because of his love of his old fleet, he lavished attention on the coastal regions while the interior provinces were ignored and left to rot.  Eldacar then returned with an army of his Northmen kinsmen, and they were joined by armies of Gondorians from interior provinces such as Anórien.  [[Osgiliath]] was devastated during this conflict, its great bridge destroyed and its &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; lost. Eldacar slew Castamir and reclaimed his throne, but Castamir&#039;s sons and their forces were besieged in Pelargir, the great port of Gondor.  They eventually retreated to Umbar, where they joined with the Corsairs, and troubled Gondor for many years, until their descendants died out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Great Plague ====&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Third Age 1636]] the [[Great Plague]] struck and the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] died.  This Plague was no localized event:  the Plague swept through all of Middle-earth, reaching the successor states of Arnor and the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]] in the North. King [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] found a sapling of the White Tree, and moved the capital from Osgiliath to [[Minas Anor]], the City of Anárion. During this time, Gondor was so depopulated that the fortifications guarding against the re-entry of evil into Mordor were abandoned.  It is believed that had the Haradrim or Easterlings been capable of attacking Gondor at this time, it would have fallen. However, the Plague left Gondor&#039;s enemies in no better condition than Gondor itself, and neither side was capable of mounting new offensives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Invasion of the Wainriders ====&lt;br /&gt;
Following the sapping of Gondor&#039;s strength by the plague, the Wainrider invasions devastated Gondor, and the conflict lasted for almost a century.  The Wainriders destroyed the Northern Army of Gondor, but survivors linked up with the victorious Southern Army of Gondor, led by a general named Eärnil, and they destroyed the Wainriders as they celebrated their victory during the [[Battle of the Camp]], in [[Third Age 1944]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Line of the Kings Fails ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Reunification Rejected ====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1944, Gondor also faced a constitutional crisis when King [[Ondoher]] was slain in a previous battle with both his sons. [[Arvedui]], King of [[Arthedain]], Ondoher&#039;s son-in-law, and the victorious general Eärnil, who was a distant blood-relative of Ondoher, claimed the throne. Arvedui&#039;s claim lay mainly in the reintroduction of the old Númenórean law of accession, which stated the eldest (remaining) child should succeed the king. If the law was reintroduced, then Arvedui&#039;s wife [[Fíriel]], Ondoher&#039;s daughter and last remaining child would become [[Ruling Queens of Númenor|Ruling Queen]], making their descendants Kings of both Arnor and Gondor. Arvedui also tried to put weight behind his claim as he was Isildur&#039;s heir. The council of Gondor recognised that the name of Isildur was held in honour in Gondor, but they dictated that the South-Kingdom must be ruled by an Heir of Anárion. Due to his ancestry from Fíriel and Arvedui, more than a millennium later, Aragorn Elessar put forward his claim as the heir of both Isildur and Anárion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eärnil lay his claim as being a direct descendant of King [[Telumehtar]] Umbardacil. His claim was also greatly bolstered by the popularity he had gained as the victorious general who saved Gondor from the Wainriders after winning the southern theatre of the war. Steward [[Pelendur]] who was temporarily ruling Gondor as serving as arbiter of succession, intervened in favour of Gondor&#039;s victorious general who would rule as [[Eärnil II]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Last Heir of Anárion ====&lt;br /&gt;
During the [[Battle of Fornost]], Eärnil II&#039;s heir Eärnur led Gondor&#039;s forces to victory over the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]], who was actually the Lord of the [[Nazgûl]].  Although Eärnur wished to fight him, Eärnur&#039;s horse was terrified and fled the battle against his wishes.  By the time he mastered his horse and return, the Witch-king had fled.  [[Glorfindel of Rivendell|Glorfindel]] the Elf then prophesied to him that it was better that he not fight the Lord of the Nazgûl because &amp;quot;never by the hand of man shall he fall&amp;quot;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eärnur later ascended to the throne, ruling from Minas Anor (Tower of the Sun).  During this time, the Ringwraiths captured Minas Anor&#039;s sister city, Minas Ithil (Tower of the Moon), renaming it Minas Morgul (Tower of Sorcery) and taking it as their lair.  Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith (Tower of Guard) as a result.  The Lord of the Nazgûl repeatedly sent messengers to Minas Tirith challenging Eärnur to single combat, taunting him that he had fled out of cowardice from facing him during the Battle of Fornost.  Eventually, King Eärnur was overcome by wrath and rode with a small company of knights to Minas Morgul, to accept the challenge.  They were never heard from again.  So ended the Line of [[Anárion]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Stewards of Gondor ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== The Ruling Stewards ====&lt;br /&gt;
The realm was governed by a long line of hereditary Stewards after the disappearance of [[Eärnur]], son of Eärnil, since there was no proof that the last king was dead, and no claimant had enough support to be accepted as his successor. The line of Anárion was held to have failed, and Gondor was not willing to risk to another Kin-strife, which would surely have destroyed it. Whenever there was a new Steward, he would swear an oath to yield rule of Gondor back to the King, in essence only an heir of Isildur, if he should ever return. In Gondor there was no one who could claim descent from Isildur in direct line, and the northern line of Arnor had effectively disappeared, so this oath was not considered seriously. The line of Stewards ruled as Kings, without having the title.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Cirion and Eorl ====&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl.jpg|thumb|left|200px|&#039;&#039;The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl&#039;&#039; by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Third Age 2510]], when Steward [[Cirion]] ruled over Gondor, the nation faced one of its greatest perils: an Easterling tribe named the &#039;&#039;[[Balchoth]]&#039;&#039; invaded Gondor with massive force. Gondor&#039;s army marched to fight the Balchoth but were cut off from [[Minas Tirith]] and pushed back in the direction of the [[Limlight]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Messengers were sent to get help from the [[Éothéod]], a tribe which lived in the northern vales of the [[Anduin]], but nobody expected the messengers to reach their destination. When certain peril came upon Gondor, however, the Éothéod turned the tide of the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]]. After the victory the Éothéod were awarded the fields of [[Calenardhon]] north of the [[Ered Nimrais]] from the Gap of Rohan at the southern end of the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]], [[Fangorn Forest]], rivers Limlight to river [[Anduin]], western [[Emyn Muil]] and the [[Mering Stream]], where they established the kingdom of [[Rohan]] with [[Eorl the Young]] as their first king. A perpetual alliance between Gondor and Rohan was established by the oath Eorl swore to Cirion.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CE&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[War of the Ring]]===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Gondor TA3019.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gondor in {{TA|3019}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
In 3019, during the [[War of the Ring]], Gondor was the strongest of the free nations that opposed Sauron, and thus, its defeat was his primary strategic goal in the war.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MT&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[The Return of the King]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[Minas Tirith (chapter)|Minas Tirith]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Gondor faced an all out attack on its capital Minas Tirith in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. Although nearly defeated, the Rohirrim once again turned the tide of battle, and helped win the war, though with heavy losses.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tBotPF&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{RK|Battle}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The combined army of the West then carried the battle to Sauron at the Battle of the Morannon, a feint to distract Sauron&#039;s attention from Frodo Baggins&#039;s quest to destroy the One Ring in Mount Doom, thus causing Sauron&#039;s destruction and the allies&#039; ultimate victory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the second and final defeat of Sauron the Kingship was restored, [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] became king of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of Gondor and Arnor. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Faramir]], last heir of the Ruling Stewards, was to retain the office of steward (though not ruling), and was made [[Prince of Ithilien]], which had been reconquered from the forces of Mordor.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tSatK&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[The Return of the King]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Steward and the King]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Faramir would serve as the King&#039;s representative during absence or illness, and became the chief counsellor of the [[Council of Gondor]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L244&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), &#039;&#039;[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;, [[Letter 244]] (dated c. [[1963]])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Geography==&lt;br /&gt;
Initially, Gondor was comprised of the lands to the North and South of the [[White Mountains]], but [[Calenardhon|a large part of the northern territories]] was gifted to the [[Éothéod]] in [[Third Age 2510]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[Unfinished Tales]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[Cirion and Eorl]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Gondor&#039;s close proximity to Sauron&#039;s land was the catalyst of many battles and skirmishes, but its location also gave the Gondorians more ability to protect the other regions of Middle-earth from the Dark Lord and his servants.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CoE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Council of Elrond]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Regions===&lt;br /&gt;
Gondor was divided between several nearly autonomous regions. These were the following:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ithilien]], across the [[Anduin]] from Minas Tirith&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Anórien]], surrounding [[Minas Tirith]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Lossarnach]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Lebennin]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Belfalas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dor-en-Ernil]], ruled by the [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Lamedon]], north of the [[Ringló]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Anfalas]], or the Langstrand, in the south-west&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ethir Anduin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The long cape of [[Andrast]] was not populated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally, Gondor held or had held the following regions at certain points in its history:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Harondor]] or South Gondor, which was contested between Gondor and [[Harad]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Calenardhon]], which was given to the Éothéod and became Rohan&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Enedwaith]], never really populated by Gondor and soon abandoned&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rhovanion (region)|Rhovanion]], which was never fully under the control of Gondor but under Gondorian influence at certain times during the Third Age&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cities===&lt;br /&gt;
Cities in Gondor included:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Calembel]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dol Amroth]], a city on the coast of Belfalas&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Erech]], fortress of Gondor, abandoned by the end of the Third Age&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Linhir]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Minas Tirith]] (originally named Minas Anor), City of the Kings&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Osgiliath]], city and former capital of Gondor on the river Anduin, largely destroyed and abandoned by the end of the Third Age&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Pelargir]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tarnost]] (debatable)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;t2M&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The War of the Ring]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[The Second Map]]&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Fortresses and outposts===&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally, Gondor used the following locations as military strongholds at certain points in its history, many of which Mordor later took:&lt;br /&gt;
* The outposts of [[Amon Hen]] and [[Amon Lhaw]] on [[Emyn Muil]] probably had small garrisons&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Isengard|Angrenost]], the fortress of Isengard, later granted to [[Saruman]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aglarond]], the Gondorian fortress, later known as Helm&#039;s Deep&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[Towers of the Teeth]], built by the Gondorians to keep watch over Mordor&lt;br /&gt;
* The Gondorian fortress guarding the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]]&lt;br /&gt;
* The castle that came to be called [[Durthang]], the largest fortress in Mordor, originally built to guard the [[Ephel Dúath]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Minas Ithil]], conquered by [[Mordor]] and renamed [[Minas Morgul]] by the Gondorians&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tharbad]] to the north, held by both Gondor and Arnor but abandoned and later ruined after Gondor retreated from [[Enedwaith]]&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[Haven of Umbar]], a harbour in the south which was contested by the Haradrim and lost and reclaimed several times&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Languages==&lt;br /&gt;
As the Gondorians came from Númenor, so came their language: [[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the main language of the people of Gondor. Though the source of Westron lied in Pelargir,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AppF&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Appendix F]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;Of Men&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; the clearest form, without any accent, was spoken in Minas Tirith.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L193&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), &#039;&#039;[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;, [[Letter 193]] (dated [[2 November|November 2]], [[1956]])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This style was nobler and more antique than other dialects, and this was the Westron the Elves adopted.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L144&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), &#039;&#039;[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;, [[Letter 144]] (dated [[25 April|April 25]], [[1954]])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In reverence of the mighty lords of Númenor of old, Eldarin was spoken by nobility. Quenya was known to the learned, and Sindarin was used to be polite, especially by those of high [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L347&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), &#039;&#039;[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;, [[Letter 347]] (dated [[17 December|December 17]], [[1972]])&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; However, especially the Sindarin contained several [[Gondor Sindarin|dialectical differences]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CE49&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), &#039;&#039;[[Unfinished Tales]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[Cirion and Eorl]]&amp;quot;, note 49&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
In earlier times, it was called the South Kingdom, or &#039;&#039;Hyaralondie&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Hyallondie&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Turmen Hyallondiéva&#039;&#039; in Quenya, and &#039;&#039;Arthor na Challonnas&#039;&#039; in Sindarin from the Númenórean point of view: the elements &#039;&#039;[[londie]]&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;[[lonnas]]&#039;&#039; mean &amp;quot;harbour, landing&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PE17&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{PE|17}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;&#039;Gondor&#039;&#039;&#039; was likely adopted from the lesser people&#039;s terminology&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L324&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{L|324}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and translates from [[Sindarin]] as &amp;quot;Stone-land&amp;quot;, from the words &#039;&#039;[[gond]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;stone&amp;quot;, and &#039;&#039;(n)[[dor]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;land&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;L324&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; The (generally not used) [[Quenya]] form of the name was &#039;&#039;Ondonóre&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;VT42&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{VT|42}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Gondor received its name because of the abundance of stone in the [[Ered Nimrais]], and the usage of it in great stone cities, statues, and monuments, such as Minas Tirith and the Argonath. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Rohan]], it was known as &#039;&#039;&#039;Stoningland&#039;&#039;&#039; (a modernization of [[Old English]] &#039;&#039;Stāning-(land)&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|N}}, p. 776&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;),&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tBotPF&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; and [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]] of the [[Drúedain]] also recognized their use of stone.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RotR&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{RK|Ride}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Inspiration==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Tolkien]] himself likened Gondor in a degree to ancient Egypt, in terms of how Gondorians constructed gigantic stone structures, and the [[Crown of Gondor]] being similar to the [[Wikipedia:Pschent|crown of the Pharaohs of Egypt]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{L|211}}, p. 281&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Notably, some &amp;quot;scholars&amp;quot; claimed that ancient Egypt was a colony of [[Atlantis]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Wikipedia:Ignatius L. Donnelly|Ignatius L. Donnelly]], [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4032 Atlantis: The Antediluvian World] (1882), Part V, Chapter II: The Egyptian Colony&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; much like how Gondor was a survival of Númenor (although it is unknown if Tolkien considered this aspect).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In online discussions, many [[Tolkien fandom|Tolkien fans]] have entertained the idea that Gondor is comparable to the [[Wikipedia:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.middleearthcenter.com/forums/showthread.php?t=21307|articlename=Gondor -&amp;gt; Byzantine Empire|dated=|website=[http://www.middleearthcenter.com/ Middle-earth Center]|accessed=22 September 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229914|articlename=Is Gondor Constantinople?|dated=|website=Plaza|accessed=22 September 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.thephora.net/forum/showthread.php?t=12555|articlename=Gondor = Byzantium?|dated=|website=[http://www.thephora.net/forum/index.php The Phora]|accessed=22 September 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and Tolkien himself referred to Minas Tirith as a &amp;quot;Byzantine City&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|RC}}, p. 570&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Some of the parallels noted between Gondor and the Byzantine Empire are:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Miryam Librán-Moreno, &amp;quot;&#039;Byzantium, New Rome!&#039;: Goths, Langobards, and Byzantium in &#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039;&amp;quot;, in &#039;&#039;[[Tolkien and the Study of His Sources]]&#039;&#039; (edited by [[Jason Fisher]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{webcite|author=Tom Simon|articleurl=http://www.bondwine.com/essays/38/gondor.html|articlename=Gondor, Byzantium, and Feudalism|dated=13 March 2010|website=[http://www.bondwine.com/ Bondwine]|accessed=22 September 2012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gondor is the south-eastern portion of [[Elendil]]&#039;s original kingdom. The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern remnant of the Roman Empire. The [[Wikipedia:Western Roman Empire|Western Roman Empire]] eventually withered and dissolved, like [[Arnor]], while the Byzantine Empire endured, although in declined state. Their geographical role is also comparable as the Byzantine Empire encircled the Mediterranean while Gondor occupied the region around the [[Bay of Belfalas]]; both were threatened by [[Easterlings|eastern]] and [[Haradrim|southern]] adversaries. The Byzantine Empire absorbed several &amp;quot;barbaric&amp;quot; peoples like the Wends and Slavs, much like Gondor did with the [[Northmen]] and other [[Middle Men]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As a final note, the last Byzantine Emperor, [[Wikipedia:Constantine_XI_Palaiologos#Legacy|Constantine XI]], remained in legend and folklore as the [[Wikipedia:King in the mountain|&amp;quot;Marble King&amp;quot;]] whose messianic ressurection and return would signal the restoration of the Empire. This parallels the fate of [[Earnur]] and Gondor&#039;s interregnum period until the &amp;quot;Return of the [[Aragorn|King]]&amp;quot; who [[Reunited Kingdom|restored the Kingdom]]. However unlike the Byzantine Empire, Gondor did not fall.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{References}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Gondor| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Regions]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fa:گاندور]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Gondor]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ulmo&amp;diff=225261</id>
		<title>Ulmo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ulmo&amp;diff=225261"/>
		<updated>2013-01-05T19:56:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* History */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{expansion}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{sources}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{valar infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[Image:Daniel Govar - Ulmo Lord of the Seas.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Ulmo&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&#039;&#039;Ullubōz&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;King of the Sea&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lord of Waters&amp;quot;, &#039;&#039;Ulu&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Guiar&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Gulma&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| coming=c. [[Years of the Lamps]] 1&lt;br /&gt;
| appointment=Lord of Waters&lt;br /&gt;
| creations=The [[Belegaer|sea]] and rivers&lt;br /&gt;
| maiar=[[Ossë]], [[Uinen]], and possibly [[Salmar]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dwelling=[[Ulmonan|Ulmo&#039;s halls]]&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=&lt;br /&gt;
| appearance=&lt;br /&gt;
| robes=Green armor&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ulmo&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Quenya]], pronounced {{IPA|[ˈulmo]}} was a [[Valar|Vala]], also known as &#039;&#039;King of the Sea&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Lord of Waters&#039;&#039;. He was third in majesty of the Valar, after [[Manwë]] and [[Varda]]; he was in other words the third of the [[Aratar]]. &lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Ulmo was very close in friendship to Manwë, and he had always distrusted [[Morgoth|Melkor]]. The Dark Lord feared him almost as much as he feared Varda, since the sea cannot be tamed. Ulmo had no dwelling in [[Valinor]], or any permanent dwelling on land. He prefered the deeps of the seas and the rivers to land. His palace, on the bottom of the [[Outer Sea]], was called [[Ulmonan]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He seldom came to the Councils of [[Máhanaxar]], and only when in great need.  He preferred to stay in Arda, not by walking on the land, as his form would fill man or elf with great dread.  All waters were under his government; bays, rivers and even the waters under the earth. It is through these that he kept in touch with Arda, and thus knew more of the goings on with the children of Ilúvatar than even Manwë, for it was said he lived in the very veins of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was said to be fearful to look upon to mortal eye, dressed like a giant wave in glittering green armour, blowing his great horn [[Ulumuri]]. Ulmo&#039;s vassal [[Ossë]], and Ossë&#039;s spouse [[Uinen]] were, to the elves, the best known of the [[Maiar]].  Through them Ulmo would learn much of the elves.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ulmo had always loved the [[Eldar]] and the [[Edain]], even when the Valar forsook Middle-earth. He opposed [[Oromë]]&#039;s plan to bring the Elves to Aman .But he eventually helped them get to Aman, be course he knew that was what they wanted, and he accepted that. He tore a great piece of land off the shores of [[Beleriand]]. He used it to transport the Eldar to the blessed coasts of Aman. He anchored the island (it was renamed [[Tol Eressëa]]) in the [[Bay of Eldamar]], which he did because he knew the minds of the [[Teleri]]. Ulmo was the Vala most responsible for the fall of [[Morgoth]], by urging [[Turgon]] to build [[Gondolin]] and [[Finrod]] to build [[Nargothrond]]. He appeared before [[Tuor]] and urged him to to go to Gondolin as a messenger for Turgon, when he got there he eventually married Turgon&#039;s daughter [[Idril]] and fathered [[Eärendil]]; and saved [[Elwing]] from the sack of the Havens of [[Sirion]], and thus she took the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] to her husband Eärendil which allowed them to gain admittance to Valinor and plead for their mercy. Ulmo also defended them in the council from the potential wrath of [[Mandos]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Ulmo&#039;&#039; is said to derive from the [[Valarin]] &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Ullubōz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{WJ|AD1}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternatively, Ulmo is a [[Quenya]] title, which means &amp;quot;He who pours&amp;quot; (cf. &#039;&#039;[[ulya-]]&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;to pour&amp;quot; and agentive ending &#039;&#039;[[-mo]]&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;-er&amp;quot;).{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the earlier writings his [[Noldorin]] name was &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ylmir]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;, among them [[Tuor]]&#039;s &#039;&#039;[[The Horns of Ylmir]]&#039;&#039;.{{fact}} (Another Noldorin translation of his name is given as &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Nûron&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;.)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 378 (entry for NŪ-)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{VT|46a}}, p. 7&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[Sindarin]] form is &#039;&#039;[[Ulu]]&#039;&#039; ({{IPA|[ˈulu]}}), though he is also called &#039;&#039;Guiar&#039;&#039; ({{IPA|[ˈɡuɪ.ar]}}) and &#039;&#039;Gulma&#039;&#039; ({{IPA|[ˈɡulma]}}).{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Eriol]]&#039;s [[Old English]] translations, Ulmo is referred to by various names: &#039;&#039;Garsecges  frea&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;Ocean ruler&amp;quot;, &#039;&#039;ealwaeter-frea&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;All-waters ruler&amp;quot; or &#039;&#039;agendfrea ealra waetera&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;owning lord of all waters&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{SM|QA1}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Images of Ulmo|Images of Ulmo]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{References}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Ainur}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Quenya names]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Valar]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Ulmo]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/aratar/ulmo]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Ulmo]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ulmo&amp;diff=225260</id>
		<title>Ulmo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ulmo&amp;diff=225260"/>
		<updated>2013-01-05T19:54:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* History */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{expansion}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{sources}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{valar infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[Image:Daniel Govar - Ulmo Lord of the Seas.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Ulmo&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&#039;&#039;Ullubōz&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;King of the Sea&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lord of Waters&amp;quot;, &#039;&#039;Ulu&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Guiar&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Gulma&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| coming=c. [[Years of the Lamps]] 1&lt;br /&gt;
| appointment=Lord of Waters&lt;br /&gt;
| creations=The [[Belegaer|sea]] and rivers&lt;br /&gt;
| maiar=[[Ossë]], [[Uinen]], and possibly [[Salmar]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dwelling=[[Ulmonan|Ulmo&#039;s halls]]&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=&lt;br /&gt;
| appearance=&lt;br /&gt;
| robes=Green armor&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ulmo&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Quenya]], pronounced {{IPA|[ˈulmo]}} was a [[Valar|Vala]], also known as &#039;&#039;King of the Sea&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Lord of Waters&#039;&#039;. He was third in majesty of the Valar, after [[Manwë]] and [[Varda]]; he was in other words the third of the [[Aratar]]. &lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Ulmo was very close in friendship to Manwë, and he had always distrusted [[Morgoth|Melkor]]. The Dark Lord feared him almost as much as he feared Varda, since the sea cannot be tamed. Ulmo had no dwelling in [[Valinor]], or any permanent dwelling on land. He prefered the deeps of the seas and the rivers to land. His palace, on the bottom of the [[Outer Sea]], was called [[Ulmonan]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He seldom came to the Councils of [[Máhanaxar]], and only when in great need.  He preferred to stay in Arda, not by walking on the land, as his form would fill man or elf with great dread.  All waters were under his government; bays, rivers and even the waters under the earth. It is through these that he kept in touch with Arda, and thus knew more of the goings on with the children of Ilúvatar than even Manwë, for it was said he lived in the very veins of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was said to be fearful to look upon to mortal eye, dressed like a giant wave in glittering green armour, blowing his great horn [[Ulumuri]]. Ulmo&#039;s vassal [[Ossë]], and Ossë&#039;s spouse [[Uinen]] were, to the elves, the best known of the [[Maiar]].  Through them Ulmo would learn much of the elves.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ulmo had always loved the [[Eldar]] and the [[Edain]], even when the Valar forsook Middle-earth. He opposed [[Oromë]]&#039;s plan to bring the Elves to Aman .But he eventually helped them get to Aman, be course he knew that was what they wanted, and he accepted that. He tore a great piece of land off the shores of [[Beleriand]]. He used it to transport the Eldar to the blessed coasts of Aman. He anchored the island in the [[Bay of Eldamar]] (it was renamed [[Tol Eressëa]]), which he did because he knew the minds of the [[Teleri]]. Ulmo was the Vala most responsible for the fall of [[Morgoth]], by urging [[Turgon]] to build [[Gondolin]] and [[Finrod]] to build [[Nargothrond]]. He appeared before [[Tuor]] and urged him to to go to Gondolin as a messenger for Turgon, when he got there he eventually married Turgon&#039;s daughter [[Idril]] and fathered [[Eärendil]]; and saved [[Elwing]] from the sack of the Havens of [[Sirion]], and thus she took the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] to her husband Eärendil which allowed them to gain admittance to Valinor and plead for their mercy. Ulmo also defended them in the council from the potential wrath of [[Mandos]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Ulmo&#039;&#039; is said to derive from the [[Valarin]] &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Ullubōz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{WJ|AD1}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternatively, Ulmo is a [[Quenya]] title, which means &amp;quot;He who pours&amp;quot; (cf. &#039;&#039;[[ulya-]]&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;to pour&amp;quot; and agentive ending &#039;&#039;[[-mo]]&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;-er&amp;quot;).{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the earlier writings his [[Noldorin]] name was &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ylmir]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;, among them [[Tuor]]&#039;s &#039;&#039;[[The Horns of Ylmir]]&#039;&#039;.{{fact}} (Another Noldorin translation of his name is given as &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Nûron&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;.)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 378 (entry for NŪ-)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{VT|46a}}, p. 7&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[Sindarin]] form is &#039;&#039;[[Ulu]]&#039;&#039; ({{IPA|[ˈulu]}}), though he is also called &#039;&#039;Guiar&#039;&#039; ({{IPA|[ˈɡuɪ.ar]}}) and &#039;&#039;Gulma&#039;&#039; ({{IPA|[ˈɡulma]}}).{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Eriol]]&#039;s [[Old English]] translations, Ulmo is referred to by various names: &#039;&#039;Garsecges  frea&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;Ocean ruler&amp;quot;, &#039;&#039;ealwaeter-frea&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;All-waters ruler&amp;quot; or &#039;&#039;agendfrea ealra waetera&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;owning lord of all waters&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{SM|QA1}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Images of Ulmo|Images of Ulmo]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{References}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Ainur}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Quenya names]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Valar]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Ulmo]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/aratar/ulmo]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Ulmo]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ulmo&amp;diff=225259</id>
		<title>Ulmo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ulmo&amp;diff=225259"/>
		<updated>2013-01-05T19:53:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;87.52.1.98: /* History */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{expansion}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{sources}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{valar infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[Image:Daniel Govar - Ulmo Lord of the Seas.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Ulmo&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&#039;&#039;Ullubōz&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;King of the Sea&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lord of Waters&amp;quot;, &#039;&#039;Ulu&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Guiar&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Gulma&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| coming=c. [[Years of the Lamps]] 1&lt;br /&gt;
| appointment=Lord of Waters&lt;br /&gt;
| creations=The [[Belegaer|sea]] and rivers&lt;br /&gt;
| maiar=[[Ossë]], [[Uinen]], and possibly [[Salmar]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dwelling=[[Ulmonan|Ulmo&#039;s halls]]&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=&lt;br /&gt;
| appearance=&lt;br /&gt;
| robes=Green armor&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ulmo&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Quenya]], pronounced {{IPA|[ˈulmo]}} was a [[Valar|Vala]], also known as &#039;&#039;King of the Sea&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Lord of Waters&#039;&#039;. He was third in majesty of the Valar, after [[Manwë]] and [[Varda]]; he was in other words the third of the [[Aratar]]. &lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Ulmo was very close in friendship to Manwë, and he had always distrusted [[Morgoth|Melkor]]. The Dark Lord feared him almost as much as he feared Varda, since the sea cannot be tamed. Ulmo had no dwelling in [[Valinor]], or any permanent dwelling on land. He prefered the deeps of the seas and the rivers to land. His palace, on the bottom of the [[Outer Sea]], was called [[Ulmonan]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He seldom came to the Councils of [[Máhanaxar]], and only when in great need.  He preferred to stay in Arda, not by walking on the land, as his form would fill man or elf with great dread.  All waters were under his government; bays, rivers and even the waters under the earth. It is through these that he kept in touch with Arda, and thus knew more of the goings on with the children of Ilúvatar than even Manwë, for it was said he lived in the very veins of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was said to be fearful to look upon to mortal eye, dressed like a giant wave in glittering green armour, blowing his great horn [[Ulumuri]]. Ulmo&#039;s vassal [[Ossë]], and Ossë&#039;s spouse [[Uinen]] were, to the elves, the best known of the [[Maiar]].  Through them Ulmo would learn much of the elves.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ulmo had always loved the [[Eldar]] and the [[Edain]], even when the Valar forsook Middle-earth. He opposed [[Oromë]]&#039;s plan to bring the Elves to Aman .But eventually helped them get to Aman, be course he knew that was what they wanted, and he accepted that. He tore a great piece of land off the shores of [[Beleriand]]. He used it to transport the Eldar to the blessed coasts of Aman. He anchored the island in the [[Bay of Eldamar]] (it was renamed [[Tol Eressëa]]), which he did because he knew the minds of the [[Teleri]]. Ulmo was the Vala most responsible for the fall of [[Morgoth]], by urging [[Turgon]] to build [[Gondolin]] and [[Finrod]] to build [[Nargothrond]]. He appeared before [[Tuor]] and urged him to to go to Gondolin as a messenger for Turgon, when he got there he eventually married Turgon&#039;s daughter [[Idril]] and fathered [[Eärendil]]; and saved [[Elwing]] from the sack of the Havens of [[Sirion]], and thus she took the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] to her husband Eärendil which allowed them to gain admittance to Valinor and plead for their mercy. Ulmo also defended them in the council from the potential wrath of [[Mandos]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name &#039;&#039;Ulmo&#039;&#039; is said to derive from the [[Valarin]] &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Ullubōz&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{WJ|AD1}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alternatively, Ulmo is a [[Quenya]] title, which means &amp;quot;He who pours&amp;quot; (cf. &#039;&#039;[[ulya-]]&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;to pour&amp;quot; and agentive ending &#039;&#039;[[-mo]]&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;-er&amp;quot;).{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the earlier writings his [[Noldorin]] name was &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ylmir]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;, among them [[Tuor]]&#039;s &#039;&#039;[[The Horns of Ylmir]]&#039;&#039;.{{fact}} (Another Noldorin translation of his name is given as &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Nûron&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;.)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 378 (entry for NŪ-)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{VT|46a}}, p. 7&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[Sindarin]] form is &#039;&#039;[[Ulu]]&#039;&#039; ({{IPA|[ˈulu]}}), though he is also called &#039;&#039;Guiar&#039;&#039; ({{IPA|[ˈɡuɪ.ar]}}) and &#039;&#039;Gulma&#039;&#039; ({{IPA|[ˈɡulma]}}).{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In [[Eriol]]&#039;s [[Old English]] translations, Ulmo is referred to by various names: &#039;&#039;Garsecges  frea&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;Ocean ruler&amp;quot;, &#039;&#039;ealwaeter-frea&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;All-waters ruler&amp;quot; or &#039;&#039;agendfrea ealra waetera&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;owning lord of all waters&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{SM|QA1}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[:Category:Images of Ulmo|Images of Ulmo]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{References}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Ainur}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Quenya names]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Valar]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Ulmo]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/aratar/ulmo]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Ulmo]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>87.52.1.98</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>