Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Celebrían

2019-04-11T04:09:27Z

Ahhee:

{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Celebrian.jpg|250px]]
| name=Celebrían
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=Lady of [[Rivendell]]
| position=
| location=[[Rivendell|Imladris]], [[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=Early to mid [[Second Age]]<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, ''Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn''</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| sailedwest={{TA|2510}}
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=A member of the royal house of [[Doriath]]
| parentage=[[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]
| siblings=([[Amroth]]<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>, earlier version)
| spouse=[[Elrond]]
| children=[[Elladan]], [[Elrohir]], [[Arwen]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Celebrían.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
'''Celebrían''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[keleˈbriː.an]}}; sailed West {{TA|2510}}<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>) was an [[Elves|Elf]]-lady of [[Lothlórien]], the daughter of [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]. As the wife of [[Elrond]], she was also known as Lady of [[Rivendell]]. She was the mother of [[Arwen]] and the twins [[Elrohir]] and [[Elladan]]. Her daughter would later marry [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]], hero of the [[War of the Ring]], and become the Queen of the [[Reunited Kingdom]].

==History==
Celebrían lived in the Elven Kingdom of [[Eregion]], and later moved to [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] with her mother sometime after {{SA|1350}}. In {{SA|1701}} she went to [[Rivendell]] with Galadriel searching for Celeborn, where she first met Lord Elrond.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, ''Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn''</ref> Centuries later they would marry, in the year {{TA|109|n}} of the Third Age.<ref name="TA"/> She had inherited the [[Elfstone]] from her mother, which she later gave to Arwen.<ref>{{UT|Elessar}}</ref>

In {{TA|2509}}, on a trip to [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] to visit her parents, she was waylaid by [[Orcs]] in the [[Redhorn Pass]] of the [[Misty Mountains]]. She was captured and tormented, receiving a poisoned wound. Her sons rescued her and she was physically healed by Elrond, but she never fully recovered in mind or spirit, and no longer wished to stay in Middle-earth. She left for the [[Grey Havens]] and passed over the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] the following year.<ref name="TA"/>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | FRF |~|~|y|~|~| EAW | | | | | | | | GLN | | | | |FRF=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]]''b. {{YT}}''|GLN=[[Galadhon]]''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL | | GLL | | |FRD=[[Finrod]]''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''|ANG=[[Angrod]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|AEG=[[Aegnor]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|GAL=[[Galadriel]]''b. {{YT|1362}}''|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]]''b. {{FA}}''|GLL=[[Galathil]]''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | ART |y| GRN |ORO=[[Orodreth]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|CLB='''CELEBRÍAN'''''b. {{SA}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]]''b. {{FA|532}}''|ART=[[Arathorn II]]''{{TA|2873}} - {{TA|2933|n}}''|GRN=[[Gilraen]]''{{TA|2907}} - {{TA|3007|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | GIL | | FIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW |y| ARA | | |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]''d. {{SA|3441}}''|FIL=[[Finduilas]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|ELL=[[Elladan]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]]''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''|ARA=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]''{{TA|2931}} - {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EDN | | DAU | | |EDN=[[Eldarion]]''b. {{FoA}}''|DAU=''unknown daughters''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Celebrían|Images of Celebrían]]

{{references}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Celebrian}}
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:Falmari]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Celebrían]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:celebrian]]
[[fi:Celebrían]]

Mithril

2019-04-11T02:58:53Z

Ahhee:

{{disambig-two|the precious metal of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[legendarium]]|the real-world producers of metal mintiatures|[[Mithril Miniatures]]}}

[[Image:John Howe - Mithril.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Mithril'']]
{{quote| ''Mithril!'' All folk desired it. It could be beaten like copper, and polished like glass; and the Dwarves could make of it a metal, light and yet harder than tempered steel. Its beauty was like to that of common silver, but the beauty of ''mithril'' did not tarnish or grow dim.|[[Gandalf]]<ref name="Journey">{{FR|Journey}}</ref>}}
'''''Mithril''''' was a precious silvery metal, stronger than steel but much lighter in weight, which was mined by the [[Dwarves]] in the mines of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] and could be beaten and polished without being weakened or tarnished. ''Mithril'', also known as silver-steel and Moria-silver, was admired and treasured by all the [[Portal:Characters|races]]. The [[Men]] called it "true-silver" while the [[Dwarves]], who loved it above all things, had their own, secret name for it.

==Abundance==
Mithril was extremely rare by the end of the [[Third Age]], as it was found only in [[Khazad-dûm]]. Once the [[Balrog]] destroyed [[Khazad-dûm]], the only source of new mithril ore was cut off. Before Moria was abandoned by the Dwarves, while it was still being actively mined, mithril was worth ten times its weight in gold.<ref name="Journey"/> After the Dwarves abandoned Moria and production of new mithril stopped entirely, it became priceless.

There are indications that it was also found in [[Númenor]]<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> and in [[Aman]].<ref name=meetings>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>

==History==
The sole mithril-vein of the [[Misty Mountains]] made the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]] wealthy. The [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] settled [[Eregion]] because of it and created objects of mithril, thanks to trade with the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|Dwarves of Moria]]; one of the [[Three Rings]] [[Rings of Power|of Power]], [[Nenya]], was made of mithril. The [[Noldor]] of [[Eregion]] made an alloy out of it called ''[[ithildin]]'' ("star moon"), which was used to decorate gateways and portals. It is visible only by starlight or moonlight. The [[Doors of Durin]] bore inlaid ''ithildin'' designs.

The [[Star of Elendil]] was a gem set on mithril fillet that was an heirloom of the [[Lords of Andúnië]] of Númenor.<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref>

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the only source of mithril was Moria. In [[Gondor]], the [[Guards of the Citadel]] of [[Minas Tirith]] wore helmets of ''mithril''. The smiths of [[Rivendell]] also created a second "Star of Elendil" of mithril, after the first one was lost with [[Isildur]].<ref name="Gladden"/>

Even before Moria was abandoned by the Dwarves ''mithril'' was worth ten times its own weight in [[gold]].

The mithril-vein reached [[Barazinbar]]<ref>{{App|A3}}</ref>, where the Dwarves mined and by {{TA|1980}} they released the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] from the [[Elder Days]] which destroyed the Dwarven Kingdom. Middle-earth's only source of new ''mithril'' ore was cut off. Production of new mithril ore stopped entirely, and it became priceless. The only ''mithril''-objects at the end of the Age were only heirlooms or new items forged out of existing ones. The mithril helmets worn by the [[Guards of the Citadel]] were considered "heirlooms from the glory of old days".

During the [[War of the Ring]] [[Arwen]] prepared for [[Aragorn]] a banner with the [[Livery of Elendil]] in mithril, gems, and gold. Aragorn used this during the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] to herald the Return of the King.<ref>{{RK|V6}}</ref>

After [[Gimli]] became [[Lord of the Glittering Caves]], he and his Dwarves forged great gates of ''mithril'' to replace the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith|Great Gate]] of [[Minas Tirith]] which were broken by the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]].

Greatest of all, according to legend, was the ship of [[Eärendil]], [[Vingilótë]], which he sailed into the sky, making the gleam of truesilver visible to the world as the Evening and Morning Star. From the ''[[Song of Eärendil]]'', written by [[Bilbo]] and [[Aragorn]], "A ship then new they built for him of mithril and of elven-glass".<ref name=meetings/>

=== The Mithril Coat ===
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Mithril vest.jpg|thumb|The coat as depicted in the movies]]
Of all items made of ''mithril'', the most famous is the "small shirt of mail" retrieved from the hoard of the dragon [[Smaug]], and given to [[Bilbo Baggins]] by [[Thorin]].

A kingly gift, the ''mithril''-coat was actually worth more than the entire worth of the Shire (Bilbo probably knew this, but he didn't care). Bilbo had it decorated on a stand-in [[Bag End]] until he donated it to [[Mathom-house]]<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> but he took it back before leaving the [[Shire]] for [[Rivendell]]. Years later, he gave it to his nephew [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], who wore it during the Quest to [[Mount Doom]]. It saved Frodo's life when he was nearly skewered by an [[Orcs|Orc]] in the Mines of Moria. It was later taken by the Orcs who captured him in the pass above [[Cirith Ungol]], and passed on to the Dark Lord's servants at [[Barad-dûr]]. When the coat was displayed before the hosts of [[Aragorn]] at the Gates of Mordor, many despaired, thinking Frodo had been captured or killed, and the Ring taken. Gandalf reclaimed it from Sauron's lieutenant and was later able to return it to Frodo after the battles were won. After the [[Battle of Bywater]], the coat once again saved Frodo's life after [[Saruman]] attempted to assassinate him at [[Bag End]]<ref>{{RK|Scouring}}</ref>.

==Etymology==

The name ''mithril'' consists of the two [[Sindarin]] words ''[[mith]]'' ("grey, light grey") + ''[[ril]]'' ("brilliance").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref>

== Inspiration ==
In the ''[[wikipedia:Hervarar Saga|Hervarar saga]]'', which was a cycle dealing with the magic sword ''Tyrfing'' (and from which Tolkien borrowed, for instance, the names [[Dwalin]] and [[Durin]]), the hero Orvar-Odd wore a ''silken mailcoat'' which nothing could pierce (''Oddr svarar: "ek vil berjask við Angantýr, hann mun gefa stór högg með Tyrfingi, en ek trúi betr skyrtu minni, enn brynju þinni, til hlífðar"'').

For the literal-minded reader, it can be unclear whether or not ''mithril'' is a real metal. Candidates for a possible real-world equivalent of ''mithril'' have been diverse, but the one metal that has by far the greatest similarities with described ''mithril'', is '''titanium'''. Titanium has half the density and weight of steel, has a lustrous silver-white colour, is one of the strongest of metals, and is chemically inert such that it does not corrode over time. Like ''mithril'', titanium was also exceptionally rare and precious, as it does not typically occur as a workable metallic form in nature—the ore is actually extremely abundant, but the practical technology to extract titanium metal from the ore has only been widely available and economical since the 20th century. Titanium also has remarkable strengthening effects on other metals when alloyed with them.<ref>[http://www.thetolkienforum.com/showthread.php?13037-Mithril-and-Orichalcum&p=426876#post426876 Re: Mithril and Orichalcum], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium Titanium on Wikipedia]</ref> Other metals have been proposed as candidates for ''mithril'':
* Platinum is silver-white in appearance and extremely resistant to corrosion, but is simply far too heavy to be ''mithril''.
* Aluminium and magnesium have been candidates for similar reasons as titanium, and aluminum is indeed the single most abundant metallic element in the earth's crust. These metals are also far too chemically reactive to naturally exist as a workable metal, which originally made them as precious and scarce as ''mithril''. (Famously, Napoleon III of France once bought dinnerware made out of aluminum because it was more expensive than gold at the time.) But they are also less lustrous and not as strong as titanium, though they are each also lighter than titanium.
Certainly, Tolkien, being highly educated, would have had knowledge of these metals and the difficulty in preparing them. In Tolkien's universe, ''mithril'' metal also does not typically exist anywhere except in specific localized deposits, with the only known deposits in [[Middle-earth]] being found in the mines of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. If ''mithril'' was indeed titanium and titanium does not tend to occur naturally as a metal, then ''mithril'' deposits may have possibly been a result of [[Morgoth|Melkor]]'s original formation of the [[Misty Mountains]], with the ''mithril'' either being intentionally refined as a workable metallic form when the mountains rose, or being coincidentally formed as a chemical by-product of when Melkor so quickly formed the mountain chain to fend off the [[Valar]]. However, probably because nobody is known to have asked Tolkien about "''mithril''", it will never be known with absolute certainty whether ''mithril'' is based on any real metal.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Mithril|Images of Mithril]]

==External links==
*"[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/03/06/where-did-all-the-mithril-go/ Where Did All the Mithril Go?]" by [[Michael Martinez]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Materials]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

War of Wrath

2019-04-11T02:31:24Z

Ahhee:

{{expansion}}
{{sources}}
{{battle
| name=War of Wrath
| image=[[File:Per Sjögren - War of Wrath.jpg|300px]]
| conflict=[[War of Wrath]]
| date=c. {{FA|545}} - {{FA|587|n}}
| place=[[Beleriand]]
| result=Decisive victory for the [[Host of the Valar]], Drowning of [[Beleriand]], Expulsion of [[Morgoth]] from Arda
| side1=[[Host of the North]]
| side2=[[Host of the Valar]]
| commanders1=
{{Morgoth blazon}}
* {{Sauron blazon}}
* [[Ancalagon]] †
| commanders2=
{{Eärendil blazon}}
* {{Finarfin blazon}}
* [[Eönwë]]
* [[Thorondor]]
| forces1="great beyond count"<ref name="Earendil">{{S|24}}</ref>
| forces2= Extremely vast
| casual1=Virtually entire force
| casual2=Severe
|}}

The '''War of Wrath''', or the '''Great Battle''', was the final [[Wars of Beleriand|conflict]] against [[Morgoth]] at the end of the [[First Age]], and the greatest war ever fought in all of [[Middle-earth]].

==History==
=== Prelude ===
500 years into the [[First Age]], [[Morgoth]] had become mighty in [[Middle-earth]]; the Noldor had all but fallen, and the Elves and Men of Middle-earth were captured in droves by Morgoth, enslaved in the pits of Angband. Following the [[Fall of Gondolin|Siege of Gondolin]], almost all of the Noldor's influential figures had been slain, though a handful of survivors protected by [[Ulmo]] had escaped. Among them was the mariner [[Eärendil]], wearing the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] on his brow, and he came to [[Valinor]], the first with mortal blood to set foot there. He begged the [[Valar]] to help the enslaved [[Elves]] and [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]] and to liberate them from Morgoth's tyranny.

The [[Valar]] were moved by [[Eärendil]]'s plea, and along with the [[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] that were in [[Valinor]], riding in the ships of the [[Falmari]], came to [[Middle-earth]] in a mighty host. Still bitter about the [[First Kinslaying]], the [[Teleri]] did not participate in the war. The Host marched across [[Beleriand]], and met the forces of [[Morgoth]] in the plains of [[Anfauglith]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|24}}</ref>

=== The Great Battle ===
The massive hosts of Valinor and of Morgoth met in the Beleriand region, which was subsequently destroyed by the colossal exchanges of power from the combatants. The arrayed armies of Morgoth were uncountable, and the mountains rang underneath the boots of the Valar; the entire North was aflame with war. The Host of Valinor initially landed and drove Morgoth's Orcs from the shores of Beleriand, and as they marched forward they were halted at the [[Sirion|River Sirion]], and for nearly forty years the Host of Valinor and the Host of Morgoth contested that river and the region bitterly, heavy losses to both as the Valarian forces struggled to secure a foothold and passage into Morgoth's lands.

Over the course of these four decades, however, the Valar eventually pushed over the Sirion and drove Morgoth's forces back; they and their allies ultimately destroyed the [[Balrogs]], all save a few who fled and hid themselves in the depths of the earth, and the armies of the [[Orcs]] perished like straw in a great fire or leaves before a hot wind. While the [[Edain#The Three Houses|Three Houses of the Edain]] fought with the Valar, many other Men fought and died alongside Morgoth, which led to their scorn by the Elves. As the War carried into its final years, Morgoth faced defeat, and unleashed his ultimate weapon, the winged [[Dragons]] of Angband, which had never been seen before by the Valar. The Valar were taken by surprise and overcome by the devastation the dragons brought, and were driven back across the region. The leader of these dragons was [[Ancalagon|Ancalagon the Black]], the largest and most powerful dragon in the history of Arda, and the damage his dragon horde inflicted on the Valar was grievous. The skies erupted with lightning and flame at the dragons' arrival, and Morgoth's hosts repulsed the Valarian forces, pushing them away from Angband.

As the situation grew dire for the Valar, [[Eärendil]] came with his sky-ship [[Vingilótë|Vingilot]], along with great flocks of birds and the [[Eagles]], and they fought the dragons. In the end Eärendil slew Ancalagon, the mightiest of the dragon horde, after a fight lasting a full twenty-four hours. Ancalagon broke the towers of [[Thangorodrim]] in his fall. With Ancalagon slain, the Valar morale was renewed, and they retook the ground that had been lost and ultimately slew the remainder of Morgoth's dragons. With them, the majority of Morgoth's other forces were soon defeated, survivors driven to the depths of the world and to places underground even the Valar could not access. Soon Morgoth's power was dispersed entirely, and Angband alone remained his only possession.

Morgoth fled to the deepest dungeons of Angband, where he was caught. By this point, Morgoth's power had weakened considerably, and rather than challenge his foes, he demanded peace and parley, but his feet were hewn from under him and Morgoth fell upon the floor. He was bound with his old chain Angainor; the two Silmarils still in his possession were taken by the Maia [[Eönwë]] and guarded (whence they were later stolen by [[Maedhros]] and [[Maglor]]). In the end the Valar thrust him "through the [[Door of Night]], beyond the [[Walls of the World]], into the [[The Void|Timeless Void]]", where he remains until the [[Last Battle]] and the Day of Doom. Only then shall he be utterly destroyed.<ref name="Earendil">{{S|24}}</ref>
[[File:John Howe - The Door of Night.jpg|left|200px|thumb|left|[[John Howe]] - ''The Doors of Night'']]

=== Aftermath ===
Countless slaves were freed from Morgoth's dungeons after his defeat and they looked upon a world that had changed greatly, for the fury of both sides in the War had wreaked havoc on much of the land. The northern areas were torn asunder, rivers formed or destroyed, mountains and hills changed. The wreckage of the war was immense indeed; most of the land west of the [[Ered Luin]], as well as a large part of the central part of the mountains, was laid waste and soon after sank beneath the waves. The two great Dwarf cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] were also ruined, forcing their populaces to flee. Most of the Elves went to the West, while others went East. The Valar raised up the island of [[Númenor]] in the Western Sea as a new home for the [[Edain]]. Morgoth's defeat here was not total, however; his chief lieutenant [[Sauron]], survived, and surrendered to the Valar in fear of them. When ordered to return to [[Valinor]], Sauron instead fled and hid deep in [[Middle-earth]], where he would later rise once more to carry on the will of his master. The terrible destruction of the War of Wrath convinced the Valar to avoid direct intervention in [[Middle-earth]] for the sake of Men and Elves. As a result, Sauron would rise to great power and prove a devastating opponent for the free peoples there for the next two Ages. As with the [[Siege of Utumno]], the Valar were not omniscient, and either lacked the knowledge or strength to pursue every one of Morgoth's creatures. Along with Sauron, some creatures of Morgoth escaped, and would live on in Middle-earth.<ref name="Earendil">{{S|24}}</ref><ref>{{S|V}}</ref>

{{references}}

==External link==
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/10/10/how-was-beleriand-destroyed-in-the-war-of-wrath/ How was Beleriand destroyed in the War of Wrath?] by [[Michael Martinez]] - A speculation on how the War destroyed the western lands
{{warsofbeleriand}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the First Age]]
[[de:Krieg des Zorns]]
[[fi:Vihan Sota]]
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/1a/guerres/guerre_de_la_grande_colere]]

Host of the West (Arnor)

2019-04-11T02:19:43Z

Ahhee:

{{disambig-more|Host of the West|[[Host of the West (disambiguation)]]}}
{{organization infobox| name=Host of the West (Arnor)| image=| caption=| pronun=| othernames=| founded={{TA|1975}}| founder=[[Cirdan]] and [[Eärnur]]| purpose=To save the [[North-kingdom]]| members=[[Dúnedain]] and [[Northmen|Northmen of Rhovanion]]; [[Elves of Lindon]] and [[Rivendell]]; [[Hobbit|Hobbits]]<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>| location=The Host was drawn from all parts of northwestern [[Middle-earth]]| disbanded={{TA|1975}}| notablefor=Defeating [[Angmar]] and the [[Witch-King]]}}
The '''Host of the West''' was a combined allied force of [[Elves]] and [[Dúnedain]] during the [[Angmar War]].
==Formation==
The host composed of a vast army from Gondor (actually just a small force compared to the full might of Gondor)<ref name=gondor/> that arrived in a massive fleet, which could barely find harborage, even after filling [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]].

Although [[Eärnur|Eärnur's]] arrival at [[Mithlond]] was extremely praised, the horses were praised, for many of them came from the [[Vales of Anduin]] and with them were riders tall and fair, and proud [[Northmen|princes of Rhovanion]].<ref name=gondor/>

[[Círdan]], Master of the [[Grey Havens]], summoned all who would fight from the [[Elves of Lindon]], as well as the remnants of the [[Dúnedain of the North]].<ref name=gondor/> Among the forces of former Arthedain were some [[Hobbits]] from [[the Shire]].<ref name=gondor/>

The main body of the Allies' horsemen, was to pass around the hills to surprise Fornost from the north.
==History==
In {{TA|1973}} [[Arthedain]] was in danger and King [[Eärnil II]] sent his son Prince [[Earnur]] and a massive fleet to their aid. After [[Arnor]] [[fall of Fornost|fell]] to [[Angmar]], Prince [[Eärnur]], in his capacity as [[Captain of Gondor]], reached belatedly [[Lindon]] with his fleet to the aid of Arthedain.

Although it was too late, the fleet and the host it brought, seemed so massive, that there was much joy and wonder among Elves and Men.<ref name=gondor/> The allied host, led by Cirdan and Earnur, marched east across the river [[Lune]] to [[Fornost]] to challenge the [[Witch-king]], and crushed him at the [[Battle of Fornost]] ({{TA|1975}}).

After the main part of the Battle, the Host was joined by a force of Elves of [[Rivendell]] led by [[Glorfindel]], who chased the Witch-king.<ref name=gondor/>

==See also==
*[[Battle of Fornost]]
{{title}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Organizations]]

Hobbits

2019-04-11T01:57:28Z

Ahhee:

{{sources}}
{{expansion}}
{{disambig-more|Hobbits|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{people infobox
| name=Hobbits
| image=[[File:Inger Edelfeldt - A Long Expected Party.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Inger Edelfeldt - A Long Expected Party.jpg|A Long Expected Party]]" by [[Inger Edelfeldt]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Banakil, Halflings, Holbytlan, Kuduk, Little People, Periannath
| origin=
| location=[[The Shire]], [[Bree-land]]
| affiliation=[[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Hobbitish]] (a regional dialect of [[Westron]])
| members=[[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]], [[Sméagol]], [[Bandobras Took]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]]
| lifespan=c. 96<ref name="LOTRProjectStats">{{webcite|author=Emil Johansson|articleurl=http://lotrproject.com/statistics/#lifeexpectancy|articlename=Lord of the Rings in Statistics|website=[http://lotrproject.com/ Lord of the Rings Project]|accessed=09-September-2012}}</ref>
| distinctions=[[Gift of Men|Mortality]], diminutive stature, furry feet
| height=2-4 ft or 0.6-1.2 m (often less than three feet in later days)
| hair=Typically curly brown, rarely blond (until the [[Fourth Age]]), and white and grey in later years
| skin=Nut-brown to White
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[An Unexpected Party]]}}
'''Hobbits''' were a small race that typically dwelt underground, believed to be related to [[Men]]. They played little role in history, save during the [[War of the Ring]].

==Description and culture==
{{quote|There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindly [[Eriador|West]]. Some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure. If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.|[[Thorin Oakenshield]]<ref>{{H|18}}</ref>}}
Hobbits were between three to four feet tall, the average height being 3 feet 6 inches (some seldom exceeded 3<ref name=atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>), with short legs, slightly pointed ears<ref>{{L|27}}</ref> and furry feet with leathery soles, resulting in most never wearing shoes. Early in their recorded history, Hobbits were divided in three kinds with different customs and temperament. The '''[[Stoors]]''' grew facial hair and had an affinity for water, boats and swimming and wore boots; the '''[[Fallohides]]''' were fair, tall and slim, an adventurous people, friendlier and more open to outsiders. Finally, the '''[[Harfoots]]''' were the most numerous and instituted the living in burrows. In later days the Harfoot traits became the "norm".

Hobbits had a life span somewhat longer than Men of non-[[Númenórean]] descent, averaging between 90 and 100 years. The time at which a young hobbit "came of age" was 33.<ref name=FRI1>{{FR|I1}}</ref> The two oldest-living recorded hobbits (except [[Gollum]]) were The [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]] (who reached the age of 130) and [[Bilbo Baggins]] (who surpassed him at 131).

By nature they were of gentle disposition, neither cruel nor vindictive.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #55</ref>

Throughout their history Hobbits had showed unparalleled skill, courage and also endurance and resistance in times of danger and terror. During their [[Wandering Days]] Hobbits demonstrated an easiness to adapt to the environments they visited and adopted the customs and languages of the peoples they were in contact with. In the Shire, they had settled with a closed and comfort-loving lifestyle; they were fond of an unadventurous bucolic life of farming, eating, smoking [[pipe-weed]],<ref>{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> socializing and talking about genealogies. Hobbits also liked to drink ale in inns, and ate at least six meals a day when they could get them. Every [[Highday]] and after noon, Hobbits celebrated a small holiday with evening feasts. <ref name=cal>{{App|Calendars}}</ref>

However, their hidden potentials resurfaced in difficult times; in the [[Long Winter]], [[Gandalf]] admired their uncomplaining courage and pity one for another, thanks to which they survived.<ref>{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> Another example of Hobbitish hardiness and resistant nature, was [[Gollum]], who despite using [[the One Ring]] for years, did not transform into a [[Wraiths|Wraith]] under the Ring's evil power (unlike the [[Nazgûl|nine Mannish Kings]]).<ref>
{{webcite|author=Stan Brown|website=FAQ of the Rings|articleurl=http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q1-GollumWraith |articlename=Why hadn’t Gollum turned into a wraith long ago?}}</ref> These surprising Hobbit traits also were tested and proven during the [[Quest of Erebor]] and, most notably, the [[War of the Ring]].

==Origin==
[[File:Lidia Postma - Hobbits comparison.jpg|thumb|left|The three kinds of Hobbits]]
Hobbits were considered Men. Nearly all scholars agree that Men were closely related to Hobbits, far more closely than Men were to either [[Elves]] or [[Dwarves]]. It was thus commonly assumed that Hobbits were among the Younger [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and were the result of the same act of creation as Men. This would imply that Hobbits had the [[Gift of Men]] to pass entirely beyond [[Arda]].

It is supposed that Hobbits branched out from Men as a race in the [[Elder Days]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> Their exact origin is unknown but in their early days they could have been primitive and "savage"<ref name=atani/> but they come into the records not earlier than the early [[Third Age]] where they were living in the [[Vales of Anduin]] in [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]], between [[Mirkwood]] and the [[Misty Mountains]]. They have lost the genealogical details of how they are related to the rest of mankind. While they stayed there, the [[Northmen]] knew them. Their descendants, the [[Rohirrim]], had that memory of the ''[[holbytla]]n'' and they remained an object of lore until they contacted them during the War of the Ring. Many old words and names in "[[Hobbitish]]" are cognates of words in [[Rohirric]], so much so that even someone without linguistic training could make out the relation ([[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] would later write an entire book devoted to the relationship, ''[[Old Words and Names in the Shire]]'').

==History==

[[File:Robin Wood - Mathom lore.jpg|thumb|Robin Wood - [[Mathom]] lore]]
While situated in the Valley of the Anduin River the Hobbits lived close by the Northmen. Some time near the beginning of the [[Third Age]], they were uneasy because of the growing numbers of [[Easterlings|alien men]] from the [[East]] who passed the [[Greenwood]] and harassed the Northmen and no doubt they also sensed the rising [[Shadow]] of [[Dol Guldur]].<ref name=atani/> They took the arduous task of crossing the [[Misty Mountains]], beginning thus their '''[[Wandering Days]]'''. Some of the Stoors, however, stayed behind, and it is from these people that [[Gollum]] would come many years later. The Hobbits took different routes in their journey westward, but eventually came to a land between the River [[Baranduin]] (which they renamed ''Brandywine'') and the [[Weather Hills]]. There they founded many settlements, and the divisions between the Hobbit-kinds began to blur.

In the year {{TA|1601}}, two Fallohide brothers decided to cross the River Brandywine and settle on the other side. Large numbers of Hobbits followed them, and most of their former territory was depopulated. Only [[Bree]] and a few surrounding villages lasted to the end of the Third Age. The new land that they found on the west bank of the Brandywine is called [[The Shire]].

Originally the [[Shire-hobbits]] swore nominal allegiance to the last Kings of [[Arnor]], being required only to acknowledge their lordship, speed their messengers, and keep the bridges and roads in repair. During the final fight against [[Angmar]] at the [[Battle of Fornost]], the Hobbits maintain that they sent a company of archers to help but this is nowhere else recorded. After the battle the kingdom of Arnor was destroyed, and in absence of the king the Hobbits elected a [[Thain]] of the Shire from among their own chieftains.

The first Thain of the Shire was [[Bucca]] of the [[Marish]], who founded the Oldbuck family. However, later on the Oldbuck family crossed the Brandywine River to create the separate land of [[Buckland]] and the family name changed to the familiar "Brandybuck". Their patriarch then became Master of Buckland. With the departure of the [[Oldbucks]]/Brandybucks, a new family was selected to have its chieftains be Thain, the [[Took family]] (Indeed, [[Peregrin Took|Pippin Took]] was son of the Thain and would later become Thain himself). The Thain was in charge of [[Shire-moot]] and Muster and the [[Hobbitry-in-arms]], but as the Hobbits of the Shire led entirely peaceful, uneventful lives the office of Thain was seen as something more of a formality.

==Some well-known Hobbits==
[[File:Lorraine Brevig - Frodo and Sam in Ithilien.jpg|thumb|Frodo and Sam]]
* [[Bilbo Baggins]]
* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise "Sam" Gamgee]]
* [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck]]
* [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin "Pippin" Took]]
* [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar "Fatty" Bolger]]
* [[Otho Sackville-Baggins|Otho]] and [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Gerontius Took|Old Took]]
* [[Bandobras Took|Bullroarer Took]]
* [[Sméagol]] (who became the creature [[Gollum]])
* [[Déagol]]

Though in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' it is mentioned that [[Gandalf]] "was responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures," no female Hobbits are depicted in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s stories doing so; however Hobbit women do appear in his works, such as the formidable [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] and Sam's wife [[Rose Cotton|Rose Cotton]].

== Etymology ==
:''This section explains the fictional etymology of the word in the linguistic context of Middle-earth; for the actual origin of the word see the section [[#Inspiration]] below''.
''Hobbit'' was derived from [[Old English]] ''[[holbytla]]'', "hole-dweller" which represents the [[Rohirric]] language.<ref>{{HM|RW}}, p. 144</ref> In a letter, Tolkien commented on the pronounciation of the word ''hobbit'': "I am sure many hobbits drop their ''h''s like most rural folk in England".<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Alina Dadlez (19 September 1962)]]" (letter); quoted in {{CG|RG}}, p. 1036</ref>

The relationship hobbit/holbytla parallels the original [[Westron]] ''[[Kuduk]]'' (Hobbit), derived from the actual Rohirric ''[[kûd-dûkan]]'' (holbytla, hole dweller). This name obviously derives from the times when the hobbits lived at the [[Vales of Anduin]] with the [[Northmen]].<ref name="Road">{{TT|III8}}</ref><ref name="Translation">{{App|F2}}</ref>

Hobbits were also called ''[[Halflings]]'' by the [[Dúnedain]], first when they still measured 2 [[ranga]]r tall; twice as high as a hobbit who would reach only 1 ranga. The word retained even when the later generations of Dúnedain became shorter. However, the term is slightly offensive to Hobbits, as to themselves they are not 'half' of anything, and certainly do not use the term to refer to themselves.{{fact}}

''Halfling'' represents a translation of [[Westron]] ''[[banakil]]''. In [[Quenya]] the word is ''[[perian|Perian(d-)]]'' pl. ''Periandi''<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/856-most_expensive_Tolkien_book_in_the_world.php|articlename=Most expensive Tolkien bok in the world|website=[http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/index.php TolkienLibrary.com]}}, dedication to [[Elaine Griffiths]]</ref> and in [[Sindarin]] ''[[Perian]]'' pl. ''Periannath''.<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref>

*''See also: [[Wikipedia:Hobbit (word)]]''

==Inspiration==
{{quote|I am in fact a Hobbit (in all but size). I like gardens, trees and unmechanized farmlands; I smoke a pipe, and like good plain food [...]; I like, and even dare to wear in these dull days, ornamental waistcoats. I am fond of mushrooms (out of a field); have a very simple sense of humour [...]; I go to bed late and get up late [...]. I do not travel much.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]|[[Letter 213]]}}

Tolkien's etymology for 'Hobbit' is interesting as well: the word obviously constructed meaningless as a spontaneous inspiration, without prior intent, but it would have been natural for him to see in it the German prefix ''hob'' meaning ''small'' (e.g. ''[[hobgoblin]]'', ''hobbledehoy'' and ''hobyah''). However this prefix dates back "only" to the 13th century, too late by Tolkien's standards; thence when later he began to work out the language relations further (see: [[Mannish]]) he decided that it could be a derived form of an [[Old English]] word such as ''[[holbytla]]''.

According to Tolkien, the word ''hobbit'' came first, and then he decided to write ''[[The Hobbit]]'' around it. As a university lecturer, he was in the process of correcting reports when he started scribbling on a blank piece of paper and wrote, "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit", and the rest of the story sprang from that.<ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'', p.172</ref> The idea of a little hole dwelling creature was introduced to Tolkien by one of his students in a story he had written.

It was revealed recently that the word pre-dated Tolkien's usage, though with a different meaning).<ref name="annot">{{HM|AH}}</ref> Tolkien's concept of hobbits, in turn, seems to have been inspired by Edward Wyke Smith's 1927 children's book ''[[Wikipedia:The Marvellous Land of Snergs|The Marvellous Land of Snergs]]'', and by Sinclair Lewis's 1922 novel ''[[Wikipedia:Babbitt (novel)|Babbitt]]''. Tolkien wrote to [[W.H. Auden]] that ''The Marvellous Land of Snergs'' "was probably an unconscious source-book for the Hobbits"<ref name=annot/> and he told an interviewer that the word ''hobbit'' "might have been associated with Sinclair Lewis's ''Babbitt''" who enjoys the comforts of his home.

The name ''hobbit'' had previously appeared in an obscure "[[Wikipedia:Denham Tracts|list of spirits]]" by Michael Denham, which includes several repetitions. There is no evidence to suggest Tolkien used this as a source — indeed he spent many years trying to find out whether he really did coin the word. Denham's "hobbit spirits" (which are never referenced anywhere except in the long list) have no obvious relation to Tolkien's Hobbits, other than the name (which may possibly imply hob- "small"): Tolkien's Hobbits are small humans, not spirits. Nonetheless, some few people have suggested that the reference in the Denham list should invalidate the trademark.

== In popular usage ==

"Hobbit" is a trademark owned by the [[Middle-earth Enterprises]], as some of names, places and artifacts included in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. For this reason [[Dungeons and Dragons]] and other fantasy tend to refer to Hobbits and Hobbit-like races rather as '''Halflings''' (''hin'' in the Mystara universe, ''hurthlings'' in Ancient Domains of Mystery).

''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_floresiensis Homo floresiensis]'', a possible species in the genus Homo (thus, related to humans) discovered in 2004, has been informally dubbed a "hobbit" by its discoverers due to its small size.

[[Tolkien fandom|Fans]] have noted that in depictions and adaptations such as [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]], Hobbits are shown with unusually large feet, a conception probably influenced by the widespread art of [[the Brothers Hildebrandt]]. However, Tolkien himself never mentioned that large feet was a general feature of Hobbits.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?do=post_view_printable;post=365823;guest=38267446|articlename=Big Feet|dated=|website=[http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?guest=35804230 The One Ring Forums]|accessed=2 September 2012}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Hobbits| ]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hobbits/hobbits]]
[[de:Hobbits]]
[[fi:Hobitit]]

Elves of Lindon

2019-04-11T01:55:51Z

Ahhee:

{{people infobox
| name=Elves of Lindon
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Elves of Lindon.jpg|250px]]
| caption=''Elves of Lindon'' by [[Liz Danforth]]
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Eldar]] of [[Lindon]]
| origin=Survivors of the destruction of [[Beleriand]] in the [[War of Wrath]]
| location=[[Lindon]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]
| language=[[Nandorin]], [[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Cirdan]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Celeborn]], [[Oropher]], [[Elrond]] ([[half-elven]]), [[Galdor of the Havens]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Elves of Lindon''' were those [[Elves]] who dwelt in [[Lindon]] in the west of [[Middle-earth]], between the [[Blue Mountains]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]], in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.
==Population==
The original Elves of Lindon ([[Ossiriand]]) in the [[First Age]], were [[Laiquendi]], but were joined by other Elves of the former [[Beleriand]] ([[Noldor]] and [[Sindar]]) who survived the [[War of Wrath]] and did not accept the invitation of the [[Valar]] to sail to [[Aman]].<ref name=princes>{{UT|6b}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> The Elves of [[Harlindon]] were mostly Sindar, ruled by [[Celeborn]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, Note 2</ref>

Early in the Second Age, some of the Sindar were uneasy living among the Noldor under Gil-galad and left for the east or the south.<ref name=princes/>

In the [[Third Age]], the Elves of Lindon consisted most of the [[High-elves]] that still lingered in [[Middle-earth]]. Few remained in the [[Fourth Age]], if at all.<ref name=eriador/>
==History==
The Elves built the [[Grey Havens]] in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] whence the [[Eldar]] could sail the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings/> Although many Sindar left Lindon<ref name=princes/> the Elves reached the height of their power in the Second Age under King [[Gil-galad]].

A fair being calling himself [[Annatar]], emissary of the Valar, came seeking entrance. Gil-galad and Master [[Elrond]] sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him. Messengers were sent from Lindon with warnings; but they were unheeded, and Annatar was received gladly, mostly in [[Eregion]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> However Gil-galad and Elrond were proven correct, as Annatar was indeed [[Sauron]] and later [[War of the Elves and Sauron|a massive war began]]. Elrond came out of Lindon with Elves in [[Sack of Eregion|battle to defend Eregion]]. With them, and other Elves who fled the destruction of [[Eregion]], he established [[Imladris]] in {{SA|1697}}.<ref name=SA/> After those events, the Elf-realm of Lindon was diminished and didn't extend east of the Blue Mountains anymore.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note #75</ref>

In the [[Dark Years]] [[Sauron]] had conquered most of the [[Westlands]], but in {{SA|1700}} [[Tar-Minastir]] sent a fleet to Lindon, aiding the Elves to drive Sauron out of Eriador.<ref name=SA/><ref name=rings/> Sauron's army was driven back to [[Sarn Ford]] where they were defeated and withdrew to [[Tharbad]].<ref name="Concerning">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

At the end of the Age, Gil-galad joined the [[Last Alliance]] and led his armies to the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Some of the [[Silvan Elves]] felt hostility towards the Noldor, and those under [[Oropher]] and [[Amdir]] attacked independently, suffering heavy losses.<ref name=princes/>
===After Gil-galad===

After the War and the death of Gil-galad, [[Cirdan]] remained the only Lord of the Havens. During the [[Third Age]], the Elves of Lindon under [[Cirdan]] supported [[Arnor]] in the [[Angmar War]]. They assisted [[Arveleg]] and the men of [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with Círdan’s help, Arveleg's young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador/>
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Northern Waste.jpg|thumb|left|Angelo Montanini - ''Northern Waste'']]
In {{TA|1975}}, Elven sailors from Lindon brought a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue the lost king [[Arvedui]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The next year the elves joined with the [[Dúnedain]] in the victorious [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

For the course of the Third Age, the Elves of Lindon built ships for the Elves who wished to return to the Blessed Realm and they didn't seem to participate in greater events. During the [[War of the Ring]] [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was sent to [[Rivendell]] for an errand, and incidentally he represented Cirdan in the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

The [[Last Ship]], carrying [[Cirdan]] and [[Celeborn]],<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> apparently sailed before {{FoA|120}} based on [[Aragorn]]'s final words to [[Arwen]]. Aragorn suggests Arwen might still sail into the West, and one of the reasons she gives that this is impossible is that "There is now no ship that would bear me hence...".<ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref> This implies that the Last Ship had already sailed by {{FoA|120}}, the year in which this conversation took place.<ref name=AppTale/>

{{references}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]

Dúnedain

2019-04-11T01:55:00Z

Ahhee:

{{people infobox
| name=Dúnedain
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=Great People of the West, Men of the Ancient Houses, Men of the West, Men of Westernesse
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Middle-earth]]
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Arnor]], [[Gondor]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Gondor Sindarin]]
| members=[[Amandil]], [[Tar-Palantir]], [[Argeleb I]], [[Aragorn II]]
| lifespan=Thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]] but later diminished (not so much in [[Arnor]] however)<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>
| distinctions=Superior to the other men of Middle-earth in nobility of spirit and body
| height=Taller than other [[Men]]
| hair=Dark
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}

The '''Dúnedain''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "west-men", pron. {{IPA|[ˈduːnedaɪn]}}), singular '''Dúnadan''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈduːnadan]}}), were the [[Men]] of [[Númenor]] and their descendants who peopled [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third Ages]].

Some [[Númenóreans]] had settled around the haven of [[Pelargir]], but others, who belonged to the [[Faithful]], fled Númenor just before its [[Downfall of Númenor|destruction]], led by [[Elendil]] and his sons. However there were also other colonies in Middle-earth founded by hostile survivors of the Downfall, known as the [[Black Númenóreans]].

The Dúnedain formed the [[Realms in Exile]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], around the [[Middle Men]] who were ruled by Númenórean lords. Originally ruled by the [[High King of the Dúnedain]], they were divided as the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] and the [[Dúnedain of the South|Dúnedain of Gondor]]. Their lords and rulers communicated and surveyed their realms with the seven [[Palantíri]] they brought from Númenor, distributed around their lands.

After the fall of Arnor and then [[Arthedain]], some of the northern Dúnedain became the [[Rangers of the North]]. The surviving Dúnedainic population of Arnor retreated to the [[Angle (Eriador)|Angle]] south of [[Rivendell]]. In the meantime the southern Dúnedain, the Men of Gondor, intermarried more and more with so-called [[Middle Men]], except in some regions (such as [[Dol Amroth]]).

In the [[Fourth Age]], the Dúnedain of Gondor and Arnor were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under king [[Aragorn|Aragorn II Elessar]] (who was also called ''the Dúnadan'').

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Dunedain.mp3|Ardamir}}
{{quote|I thought you knew enough [[Elvish]] at least to know ''[[dûn|dún]]-[[adan]]'': Man of the West, Númenórean.|[[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>}}

They are also called the ''Men of the West'' and the ''Men of Westernesse'' (direct translations of the [[Sindarin]] term) and comes from ''[[dûn]]'' and ''[[adan]]''.

The [[Quenya]] name was '''Núnatan''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈnuːnatan]}}), pl. '''Núnatani''' (pron. {{IPA|[nuːˈnatani]}}).

The [[Westron]] name for ''Dúnadan'' was simply '''[[Adûn]]''', "westerner", but this name was seldom used.
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunedain}}
[[Category:Dúnedain| ]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[de:Dúnedain]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunedain]]
[[fi:Dúnedain]]

Northmen

2019-04-11T01:54:01Z

Ahhee:

{{people infobox
| name=Northmen
| image=[[File:Angelo Montanini - Men of Northern Rhovanion.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Men of Northern Rhovanion" by Angelo Montanini
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Rhovanion]], [[Mirkwood]], [[Vales of Anduin]], [[Dale]], [[Lake-town]], [[Rohan]]
| affiliation=[[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]
| rivalry=[[Wainriders]]
| language=Northern Mannish ([[Rohirric]], [[Dalish]]), [[Westron]].
| members=[[Men of the Vales of Anduin]], [[Éothéod]] ([[Marhwini]], [[Fram]]), [[Woodmen]], [[Beornings]] ([[Beorn]], [[Grimbeorn]]), [[Men of Dale]] ([[Girion]], [[Bard]], [[Brand]]), [[Lake-men]] ([[Master of Lake-town]])
| lifespan=shorter than Númenórean
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Northmen''' were [[Men]] that lived in the north of [[Rhovanion]] in [[Middle-earth]], and were friendly to [[Gondor]].

The Northmen who dwelt in [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] and other parts of [[Rhovanion]] were friendly to the [[Dúnedain]] and were, after the Dúnedain, the most noble Men on [[Arda]], counted as [[Middle Men]], and believed to have been descended from the same group of Men as the [[Edain]], the [[Atanatári]]. The only difference was that they didn't cross the [[Ered Luin]] into [[Beleriand]] and therefore didn't go to [[Númenor]]. The result of them not participating in the War against [[Morgoth]] was their considerably shorter lifespan if compared to the lifespan of the Dúnedain, whose lifespan was enhanced by the [[Valar]] after the [[War of Wrath]].

The [[Men of Dale]] and [[Lake-town]] were also counted under the Northmen, as were the [[Woodmen|woodsmen of Mirkwood]]. Most of Rhovanion had been depopulated after the wars of the Easterlings and the Great Plague.
==History==
===Origins===
{{seealso|Middle Men}}
The Northmen descended from the group of the [[Edain]] who left their kin to reach the West, being always at war with the [[Men of Darkness]].<ref name="DM">{{PM|X}}</ref> The "Bëorians" were on the vanguard and the "Hadorians" followed on their trail. The latter were divided while passing through [[Greenwood]]: some reached the [[Vales of Anduin]] and turned northwards, while others passed between the northernmost eaves of the Wood and the [[Ered Mithrin]]. Only a few of them reached [[Eriador]] and then [[Beleriand]].<ref name=relations/> As such, the Northmern appear to be akin to the House of Hador who stayed behind in Rhovanion.<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|8}}</ref><ref name=relations/>

During this time, many Men wandered or settled the empty lands between the [[Iron Hills]], the [[Greenwood]] and the [[Inland Sea]].<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref> Those Men of Rhovanion settled near the lands of the [[Longbeards]] and they began dealing with them in which Men chiefly provided food in exchange for Dwarven work in building, road-construction, mining, and the crafting of tools and weapons. The Men looked at the Dwarves with awe (although it is said that they had met evil ones in the east)<ref>{{PM|XNotes}} #28</ref> and were eager to learn from them. This system benefited the Dwarves, as the services they provided to Men required less effort than those offered in exchange.<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}</ref>

===Second Age===
By the Second Age the Men who settled between the [[Grey Mountains]] and [[Mirkwood]] were numerous (compared to the Dwarves) but scattered in across villages. After the [[War of Wrath]], former [[Orcs]] of [[Morgoth]], now leaderless and reckless, but still numerous, armed and cruel, returned to the East and started harassing the lands again. Those Men who settled in small towns could defend themselves only with [[bows]], fences and dikes. Once more, the Dwarves provided the Men with metal weapons and defensive measures in exchange for their skill in taming and riding horses. Thus the [[Alliance of Dwarves and Men]] was formed, resulting to mutual respect and also warm friendship.<ref name=relations /> During this period the Longbeards adopted the [[Northern Mannish|speech]] of Men, keeping their own language to themselves.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref><ref name=relations />

The Alliance ended in the [[Dark Years]] when [[Sauron]] sent Orcs to invade the peoples. The Northmen also had war with the savage tribes of [[Easterlings]] which scattered them and diminished their numbers. Those who remained there were impoverished, living in caves or in the borders of [[Greenwood]].<ref name=relations /> [[Rhovanion]] fell under the dominion of [[Sauron]] before being liberated by [[Gil-galad]].

===Third Age===
The [[Kings of Gondor]] recognised the common ancestry with the Men of Rhovanion and showed them great favour. For a time many of them even became subjects of Gondor, as the realm extended beyond the river [[Anduin]]. In c {{TA|1000}}, they were given wide lands south of [[Greenwood the Great]] to serve as a buffer against the [[Easterlings]].<ref name=Foster>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 293-4</ref> They increased greatly during Gondor's golden age,<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> and east of Greenwood the Great was the "kingdom of Rhovanion".

However some Northmen were hostile to [[Gondor]] and often assailed the kingdom:<ref>{{TT|IV5}}</ref> in the days of [[Narmacil I]], some Northmern joined the Easterlings who resumed their attacks, either because of feuds, or because of greed for spoil, as [[Regent of Gondor|Regent]] [[Minalcar]] found out. In the fourteenth century of the [[Third Age]], Minalcar, now as King of Gondor, ensured their loyalty by crushing the Easterlings in {{TA|1248}} with the help of Prince [[Vidugavia]]; he then took many Northmen as officers in the army of Gondor (although the high men of Gondor looked askance at them).<ref name=Foster/><ref name=gondor/> He sent his son [[Valacar]] as an ambassador to Vidugavia, the so-called "King of Rhovanion". Valacar married the daughter of the King, [[Vidumavi]], and their son, ''[[Vinitharya]]'' (in her mother tongue) succeeded him as King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]]. His mixed ancestry caused a civil war in Gondor, the [[Kin-strife]] in {{TA|1447}}.

Their existence was a bulwark of [[Gondor]], keeping its northern and eastern frontiers from invasion. They were weakened by the [[Great Plague]], which appeared in the winter of {{TA|1635}} and soon spread to Gondor. The Horsemen suffered because it came with a cold winter and they had only low wooden houses and thronged stables, being little skilled in the arts of healing and medicine. The Plague resulted in the deaths of half of Rhovanion, and of their horses also. They were slow to recover, but they were undisturbed, since the hostile Easterlings had been equally afflicted.<ref name="Cirion"/>

When the invasions of the [[Wainriders]] began against Gondor, the Northmen suffered the first assaults. Their scattered remains were recruited by King [[Narmacil II]] who took a great army north into the plains south of Mirkwood. They were defeated in the [[Battle of the Plains]] ({{TA|1856}}) where Narmacil and [[Marhari]] were killed. Most of the Northmen were reduced to servitude, and all their former lands were occupied by the Wainriders. A few managed to flee to Gondor, others over the [[River Running|Celduin]] and were merged with their kin, the folk of [[Dale]] under [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and others followed [[Marhwini]] to the [[Vales of Anduin]] and became the ancestors of the [[Éothéod]].<ref name="Cirion"/>

In {{TA|1899}}, Marhwini prepared an outbreak against the Wainrider occupation. After helping [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] in fighting them in [[Dagorlad]], desperate poorly-armed outlaws came out of Mirkwood and roused the slaves. They burned many Wainriders dwellings, storehouses and fortified camps of wagons. Most of them perished in the attempt fighting the Wainriders' youths, women and old men. Marhwini retired to his land beside the Anduin, and the Northmen of his race never again returned to their former homes.<ref name="Cirion"/> Afterwards they battled with the enemies alone since Gondor could not help them. Still they joined the forces of Gondor and many comprised the army of the [[Battle of Fornost]] ({{TA|1975}}).<ref name=Foster/>

After the evil Kingdom of [[Angmar]] was defeated by Gondor and the remains of [[Arnor]] in {{TA|1977}}, these Northmen moved north and began to call themselves the [[Éothéod]]. They were skilled horse-breeders and horsemen. In {{TA|2510}} they responded to a plea of help from the trapped Gondorian army at the [[Field of Celebrant]]. After they helped Gondor win this important victory they were rewarded the province of [[Calenardhon]] whoch became known as [[Rohan]].

The later centuries it is mentioned that the Northmen were allied with [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and with [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] weapons drove the enemies back to [[Rhûn]]. However they did not prevent the enemies to reach the gates of Erebor during the [[War of the Ring]].<ref name=Foster/>

==Inspiration==

[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] was possibly inspired by the ancient [[Wikipedia:Norsemen|Northmen]] of northern Europe (These "Northmen" appear in his poem "[[The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son]]".<ref>{{HB|II}}</ref>) and their language is rendered with [[North Germanic languages|Old Norse]]. A significant difference is that the real Northmen were mostly sea-faring peoles while the Northmen of Rhovanion were continenal.

{{references}}
[[Category:Northmen| ]]
[[de:Nordmenschen]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/hommes_du_nord]]
[[fi:Pohjalaiset]]

Dúnedain of Arnor

2019-04-11T01:50:38Z

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{{people infobox
| name=Dúnedain of Arnor
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=Men of Arnor, Northern Dúnedain, Rangers, Rangers of the North
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Arnor]]
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Arnor]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]
| rivalry=[[Hill-men]]
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]
| members=[[Amandil]], [[Tar-Palantir]], [[Argeleb I]], [[Aragorn II]]
| lifespan=Three times the life of a regular man but later slightly diminished<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>
| distinctions=
| height=Taller than other [[Men]]
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Dúnedain of Arnor''' were one of the two great divisions of the descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Middle-earth]] (the other being the [[Gondorians]] of the South-kingdom).

==History==
The North-kingdom of [[Arnor]] had originally held the capital of High King [[Elendil]] at [[Annúminas]], and the [[Dúnedain]] of that land were ruled for centuries by the descendants of Elendil's eldest son [[Isildur]].

The population of Arnor suffered a lot during the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]; after Isildur's death in {{TA|2}}, not many Dúnedain or [[Middle Men]] of [[Eriador]] remained to populate the places built by Elendil.<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref>

Arnor was ruled by his direct descendants, beginning with [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], his youngest son. Before the end of the first millennium of the [[Third Age]], the land of Arnor fell into dispute between the sons of King [[Eärendur (King of Arnor)|Eärendur]], and the Dúnedain who lived there became divided into three realms: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]]. One by one, these kingdoms fell to war, plague, and assaults by the witch-realm of [[Angmar]], until at last the Dúnedain of Arnor had become a dwindled and wandering people known as the [[Rangers of the North]]. Their ancestry was forgotten and unknown, except in [[Rivendell]].<ref name=rings/>

Nonetheless, the line of Isildur was maintained through the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftains]] of this people. [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was Isildur's Heir through thirty-nine generations, and it was he who reunited the [[Realms in Exile|Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] after three thousand years of separation.<ref name=rings/><ref>{{App|A}}</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Dúnedain of the North]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunedain_du_nord]]
[[fi:Pohjoisen dúnedain]]

Gondorians

2019-04-11T01:48:29Z

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{{stub}}
{{people infobox
| name=Gondorians
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Gondorian.jpg|250px]]]
| caption="[[:File:Liz Danforth - Gondorian.jpg|Gondorian]]" by [[Liz Danforth]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Dúnedain of the South, Men of Gondor, Stone-folk, Stonehouse-folk
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Gondor]] (partly [[Northmen]] and [[Pre-Númenóreans]])<ref>{{L|64}}, also [[Letter 144]], [[Letter 256]]</ref><ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]
| rivalry=[[Haradrim]], [[Corsairs of Umbar]], [[Wainriders]], [[Balchoth]]
| language=[[Gondor Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Denethor]], [[Boromir]], [[Faramir]]
| lifespan=Three times the life of a regular man but later considerably diminished<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>
| distinctions=
| height=2 [[ranga]]r, later diminished
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
'''Gondorians''', or the '''Dúnedain of the South''', was a name that referred to the inhabitants of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{L|64}}, also [[Letter 144]], [[Letter 256]]</ref><ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> Although the people of Gondor initially were entirely of [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] descent, called the [[Dúnedain of the South]], they came to mingle with many different [[Pre-Númenóreans|peoples]], notably with the influx of [[Northmen]] from [[Rhovanion]].<ref name=south>{{App|A1iv}}</ref>
==History==
The gifts of the Númenóreans were slowly withdrawing since [[Elendil]] came to [[Middle-earth]]. A turning point was the [[Kin-strife]], when many of the great were slain. King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], who himself had [[Northmen|Northmannish]] blood, showed favour to the Northmen who supported him; many noble houses, including the royal [[House of Anárion]] were more mingled with the [[Middle Men|"lesser" Men]].<ref name=south/>

The second evil after the Kin-strife was the [[Great Plague]] that greatly diminished their numbers to the point of withdrawing from the fortresses and the watches over Mordor, and abandoning [[Osgiliath]].<ref name=south/>

The Dúnedain of the South were the descendants of the Exiles of Númenor who settled in the southern lands of Middle-earth and founded the southern kingdom of Gondor. Their first independent King was Meneldil, the nephew of Isildur, whose line ruled over Gondor for more than two thousand years. Unlike their cousins in the North, the Dúnedain of the South maintained their realm even after the loss of its Kings, and it survived under the rule of the Stewards until the time of the War of the Ring, when the Kingship was restored.
==Culture==
The high men of the South married late in their life and had few children. Several of the [[Kings of Gondor]] were childless.<ref name=south/>

Gondorian ships were usually black and silver in colour.<ref>{{webcite|author=Daniel Helen|articleurl=https://www.tolkiensociety.org/2015/11/tolkiens-annotated-map-of-middle-earth-transcribed/|articlename=Tolkien’s annotated map of Middle-earth transcribed|dated=10 November 2015|website=The Tolkien Society|accessed=5 August 2018}}</ref>

Before a meal, the Gondorians looked towards the [[West]].<ref>{{TT|Window}}</ref>

==Lifespan==
In the [[Third Age]], the lifespan of the [[Dúnedain]] was less than of their ancestors in [[Númenor]]; specifically after the end of the [[Kings of Gondor]], the waning was even swifter. In contrast, their cousins, the [[Dúnedain of the North]], maintained significant longevity.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>
==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: Gondorians, or Gondorian Commoners, are one of the cultures, suitable for player characters, that are given a detailed description. The Gondorians contain varying degrees of blood from Dúnedain, [[Northmen]] and Men from [[Harad]] and [[Dunland]].<ref>{{ICE|2001}}, p. 168</ref><ref>{{ICE|2020}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Men]]

Dúnedain of the South

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#REDIRECT [[Gondorians]]

Dúnedain of the South

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#REDIRECT [[[[Gondorians]]]]

Avari

2019-04-10T02:02:58Z

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{{cleanup}}
{{people infobox
| name=Avari
| image=[[File:Peter Xavier Price - Avari Elf.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Peter Xavier Price - Avari Elf.jpg|Avari Elf]]" by [[Peter Xavier Price]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Dark-elves, The Unwilling, Wild Elves
| origin=Elves who refused to make the [[Great Journey]]
| location=[[Cuiviénen]], [[Taur-im-Duinath]], [[Rhûn]], [[Eriador]], [[Vales of Anduin]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=[[Eldar]]<ref name=WJA /><ref name=WJ377 />
| language=[[Avarin]] languages
| members=Possibly [[Morwë]], [[Nurwë]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=White
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
{{pronounce|Quenya - Avari.mp3|Gilgamesh}}

The '''Avari''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "unwilling"; or "'''the Refusers'''"<ref>{{PM|Atani}}, p. 312</ref>) were a branch of [[Elves]] that refused to make the [[Great Journey]].

==History==
The original [[Elves]] that [[Awakening of the Elves|awakened]] in [[Cuiviénen]] numbered 144, and they were divided into three clans: the [[Minyar]], which had 14 members; the [[Tatyar]], which had 56 members; and the [[Nelyar]] (or [[Lindar]]), which had 74 members. After the [[Vala]] [[Oromë]] invited the Elves to live in [[Valinor]], the Elves entered into a great debate on whether to follow Oromë into the west. Most of the Elves were persuaded to undertake this [[Great Journey]], including all of the Minyar, half of the Tatyar, and 46 of the Nelyar. These Elves became known collectively as the [[Eldar]], and their clans became known by new names: the Minyar Eldar were called the [[Vanyar]], the Tatyar Eldar were called the [[Noldor]], and the Nelyar Eldar were called the [[Teleri]].<ref name=WJ3801>{{WJ|C}}, pp. 380-83</ref>

Those Elves who refused to take the Great Journey were called the Avari, and they were not counted among the Eldar.<ref>{{S|3}}, p. 41</ref> Their initial population had 56 members, consisting of 28 (half) of the [[Tatyar]] and 28 of the [[Nelyar]],<ref name=WJ3801 /> the latter of whom maybe were called Lindai. Some of them, especially those who dwelt furthest from the waters of [[Cuiviénen]] and wandered in the hills, had not seen Oromë at his first coming, and knew only vague, fearful rumours of the Valar; lies of Melkor concerning Oromë and [[Nahar]] perhaps had a role.<ref>{{MR|Annals}}</ref> Many thus refused to depart from their own lands, and spread gradually throughout the wide lands of [[Middle-earth]]. According to a tradition their leaders were [[Morwë]] of the Tatyar and [[Nurwë]] of the Nelyar. They were after known by the name "the Unwilling" because they refused the summons.

According to the legends, [[Orcs]] may be descended from Avarin elves captured and corrupted by [[Morgoth|Melkor]].

Over time, many Avari wandered westwards. Some mingled with the [[Nandor]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and others entered [[Eriador]].<ref name=WJA>{{WJ|Author}}, pp. 409-410</ref> Some time after the [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]] settled in Beleriand, some Avari "crept in small and secret groups into Beleriand from the South."<ref name=WJ377>{{WJ|B}}, p. 377</ref> Most of these Avari remained secretive and isolated from the other elves, living in caves and deep in the forests.<ref name=WJ377 /> They viewed the Eldar with jealousy and disdain, believing that the Eldar were deserters, and they treated the Eldar with hostility and treachery. They especially disliked the exiled [[Noldor]] who returned from Aman.<ref name=WJA /> Rarely, an Avar was accepted into Sindarin society.<ref name=WJ377 /> Outside of Beleriand, in Eriador and the Vales of the Anduin, some Avari and Eldar eventually established friendlier relations.<ref name=WJA />

The [[Edain]] who travelled to the West met the Avari first of all the Elves, and were taught from them music and language, which influenced theirs. They probably taught them many of the basic crafts of civilization, though the craft of the Eldar surpassed that of the Avari even more than that of the Avari surpassed primitive [[Men]].

Some Avari after the end of the [[First Age]] started to mingle with the scattered [[Nandor]] beyond the [[Misty Mountains]] and they became hardly distinguishable from them, afterwards known as [[Silvan Elves]].<ref>{{UT|6a}}</ref>

It is told that no Avari Elves were to be found west of the [[Misty Mountains]] during the late [[Third Age]].<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 53</ref>

==Tribes==
Six tribes of Avari are mentioned in the [[Third Age]], and their names are all cognates of the [[Primitive Quendian]] word [[Quendi|Kwendî]] (''the Speakers''): '''[[Kindi]]''', '''[[Cuind]]''', '''[[Hwenti]]''', '''[[Windan]]''', '''[[Kinn-lai]]''', '''[[Penni]]'''.<ref>{{WJ|Author}}, Note 9</ref>

==Languages==
{{main|Avarin}}
The Avari had many tribes and greatly varied languages, widely sundered from one another.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p.410</ref> The names above are the only certain [[Avarin]] words ever mentioned by the Loremasters.

It is also possible that the name [[Eöl]] is an Avarin one.

It is speculated also that [[Dorwinion]] was an Avarin land.<ref>http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/site3/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=36</ref>

==Names==
The Avari were called ''[[Abari]]'' in [[Telerin]];<ref name=WJB>{{WJ|B}}</ref> they were also called ''[[Moripendi]]'' (an equivalent of [[Quenya]] ''[[Moriquendi]]'' which referred to the [[Sindar]] as well)<ref>{{WJ|A}}</ref>.

In [[Sindarin]] they were called ''Evair'', ''[[Morben]]'' or ''Mornedhel''.<ref name=WJB/>

The term [[Dark Elves]] usually referred to the Avari. In the period of the [[Exile of the Noldor]], "Dark Elves" referred to the Elves of Middle-earth other than the [[Noldor]] and the [[Sindar]], thus being equivalent to the Avari.<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In older versions of the legendarium, the name ''Avari'' was originally that of the later [[Eldar]], then meaning "those that departed".

In other, relatively late writings, a brief idea was that the Avari did not come from the three clans, but from two other clans, led by [[Nurwë]] and [[Morwë]]. This idea was later dropped. In the final conception, the [[Elves]] were divided into three tribes.

==External links==
*[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/avarin.htm Avarin languages at Ardalambion]

{{references}}{{elves}}
[[Category:Avari| ]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Avari]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/avari]]
[[fi:Avari]]

Union of Maedhros

2019-04-10T01:55:43Z

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{{organization infobox| name=Union of Maedhros| image=| caption=| pronun=| othernames=| founded={{FA|468}} | founder=[[Maedhros]]| purpose=To unite the [[Noldor]]| members=[[Noldor|Noldor of Hithlum]], [[Elves of Mithrim]], [[Men of Dor-lómin]], [[Gondolindrim]], [[Elves of Nargothrond]], [[Falathrim]], [[Haladin]], [[Dwarves of Belegost]], and [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]]| location=| disbanded={{FA|472}}| notablefor=Ended in the disaster known to history as the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]}}
The '''Union of Maedhros''' was the short-lived alliance formed by [[Maedhros]] uniting the [[Sons of Fëanor]] with the other [[Noldor]] and [[Edain]] and other peoples of [[Beleriand]], after the [[Dagor Bragollach]].<ref name=Fifth>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>
==Structure==
The Union was divided into two armies in the east and west, led Maedhros and [[High King of the Noldor|High King]] [[Fingon]] respectively.

;Eastern army
*Elves of [[Himring]] ([[Maedhros]])
*[[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]] under the service of Maedhros ([[Bór]])
*Easterlings under the service of [[Caranthir]] ([[Ulfang]])
*[[Dwarves of Belegost]] ([[Azaghâl]])

;Western army
*Noldor of [[Hithlum]] ([[Fingon]])
*[[Men of Dor-lómin|Edain]] of [[Dor-lómin]] ([[Húrin]] and [[Huor]])
*[[Men of Brethil|Edain]] of [[Brethil]] ([[Haldir_(Chieftain_of_the_Haladin)|Haldir]])
*[[Elves of Nargothrond|Elves]] of [[Nargothrond]] ([[Gwindor]])
*Some [[Falathrim]]
*[[Mablung]] and [[Beleg]] from [[Doriath]]

==History==
After the [[Dagor Bragollach]], the [[Noldor]] had lost control over the northern [[Beleriand]], and were mostly reduced to enclaves in [[Hithlum]] and [[Nargothrond]], including the hidden [[Gondolin]].<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> When Maedhros heard of the heroic deeds of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] new hope came to him. Maedhros decided to unite the peoples of [[Beleriand]] to assail [[Angband]].

Elves, Men and Dwarves joined the alliance. The [[Dwarves]] of the [[Blue Mountains]] supplied both armed forces and forged weapons. Even to [[Gondolin]] came word of the Union and [[Turgon]] the [[Hidden King]] secretly made his own preparations. Other Elves, like [[Orodreth]], refused to join because of the evils of [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], while [[Thingol]] had sworn never to fight alongside the Feanorians; only a few representatives came from Doriath and Nargothrond.

Maedhros' plans were to lead his army (with some assistance from the western army) to [[Anfauglith]] in order to draw out the armies of Morgoth, and then flank with the hidden forces of Fingon that would emerge from the [[Ered Wethrin]].

Initially, the forces managed to clean of evil creatures [[West Beleriand]] and [[Dorthonion]], and the final assault was planned for [[Midsummer]]. However, Morgoth had time to prepare his forces as Maedhros revealed himself too early, and then [[Uldor]], who was an agent of the Enemy, delayed Maedhros' forces by giving false reports of enemy presence. A small force of [[Orcs]] managed to provoke the western army prematurely, instigated by [[Gwindor]]. As a result, the armies of the Union were themselves outflanked in the ensuing battle, which, despite Turgon's timely and unexpected arrival, would prove disastrous, and would be known as the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]].<ref name=Fifth/>

{{references}}
[[Category:Organizations]]
[[de:Maedhros’ Bund]]

Corsairs of Umbar

2019-04-10T01:03:12Z

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{{people infobox
| name=Corsairs of Umbar
| image=[[File:John Howe - Corsairs 01.jpg|250px]]
| caption=Corsairs by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=Founded by the sons and supporters of [[Castamir|Castamir the Usurper]]
| location=[[Umbar]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=[[Gondorians]]
| language=
| members=[[Angamaitë]], [[Sangahyando]], [[Captain of the Haven]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=Sea-raiders and pirates
| height=
| hair=Dark
| skin=Dark
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Corsairs of Umbar''' were sea-raiders and pirates of the [[Umbar|Haven of Umbar]]. Umbar was an old [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] haven settled by the "[[King's Men]]" or Black Númenóreans,<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref> a proud faction loyal to the King and opposed to the divine authority of the [[Valar]].

==History==
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the Umbar settlers further descended into evil and were called the [[Black Númenóreans]]. They took to pillaging and piracy along the coasts of [[Gondor]].

During the [[Kin-strife]], the defeated rebels of [[Castamir]] fled Gondor to Umbar — by this time Umbar became the hated enemy of Gondor and a welcome refuge for its enemies. Ever since they claimed [[Harondor]].<ref name="Gondor"/>

[[Angamaite]] and [[Sangahyando]], the descendants of Castamir, led the Corsairs again [[Pelargir]] where stayed King [[Minardil]] and slew him ({{TA|1634}}). In the following years the Corsairs raided the Gondorian coasts up to [[Anfalas]], until [[Umbardacil]] avenged Minardil's death, retook Umbar and slew the last descendants of Castamir ({{TA|1810}}).<ref name="Gondor"/>

Eventually, Umbar was taken by the [[Haradrim]]<ref name="Gondor"/> and mixed with the Corsairs. The [[Númenórean]] blood was mostly gone in that mixed people. The Corsairs once more harried the coasts of Gondor during the time of [[Cirion]].<ref name=Stewards/>

In {{TA|2758}} three Corsair fleets attacked and waged war on all the Gondorian coasts until [[Beregond (Steward of Gondor)|Beregond]] overcame the invaders.<ref name=Stewards/>

In the time of [[Ecthelion II]], a man under his service known as [[Thorongil]], warned him that the Corsairs were a great peril for the [[Southern Fiefs]]. With a small fleet, Thorongil made a [[Surprise Attack on Umbar|surprise attack]], burning a great part of their ships and overthrowing the [[Captain of the Haven]].<ref name=Stewards>{{App|Stewards}}</ref>

During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], a fleet of Corsairs was raiding [[Lebennin]] when [[Aragorn]] captured their ships<ref>{{RK|V9}}</ref> and rowed them to [[Minas Tirith]] to relieve the siege of the city.<ref>{{RK|V6}}</ref>

The threat was finally subdued during the reign of King Elessar.<ref name="Gondor"/>

==Culture==
The corsairs were recognizable by their red sails, adorned with a black star or eye.<ref>{{webcite|website=TS|articleurl=http://www.tolkiensociety.org/2015/11/tolkiens-annotated-map-of-middle-earth-transcribed|articlename=Tolkien’s annotated map of Middle-earth transcribed|dated=10 November 2015|accessed=11 November 2015}}</ref>
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Corsairs are from the [[Mordor]] faction, and are equipped with knives and fire-bombs.
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Corsairs were led by four brothers who falsely call themselves the Heirs of [[Castamir]]. These were Azruthor, Dolgimil, Azgarzôr, and the eldest Balakhôr the Scourge. The player negotiated with a Corsair named Jajax, who ended up siding with the player against the Heirs and their followers.
{{references}}
[[Category:Black Númenóreans]]
[[Category:Haradrim]]
[[Category:Men]]
[[de:Korsaren]]
[[fi:Umbarin Merirosvot]]

Galadhrim

2019-04-09T03:50:13Z

Ahhee:

{{rewrite}}
{{people infobox
| name=Galadhrim
| image=[[File:Rebecca Guay - Galadhrim.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Rebecca Guay - Galadhrim.jpg|Rebecca Guay]]" by Rebecca Guay
| pronun={{respell|gal|ath|rim}}
| othernames=Elves of Lórien, Elves of Lórinand, Tree-people
| origin=[[Silvan Elves]] of [[Lothlórien]]
| location=[[Lothlórien]], [[East Lórien]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Silvan Elvish]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Haldir]], [[Rúmil (Elf of Lórien)|Rúmil]], [[Orophin]], [[Amdír]], [[Amroth]], [[Nimrodel]], [[Mithrellas]], [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Galadhrim''' or the '''Tree-people''' were the [[Elves]], mostly [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] in origin, who inhabited the woods of [[Lothlórien]].

==History==
Some of the [[Nandor]], the [[Teleri|Telerin Elves]] who abandoned the [[Great Journey]] of the [[Eldar]] on the eastern side of the [[Misty Mountains]], settled down in the [[Vales of Anduin]] and later on established the realms of [[Mirkwood]] in the north and [[Lothlórien|Lindórinand]] in the south of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]].

In the beginning the [[Silvan Elves]] of Lórien were a small and scattered people, and as the power of the [[Longbeards]] of [[Moria]] grew, they relocated to the eastern side of the [[Anduin]].
===Second Age===
After the [[War of Wrath]] at the beginning of the [[Second Age]] many of the [[Sindar]] of [[Beleriand]] migrated eastward. The Elves of Lórien welcomed them. The coming of the Sindar was a great boost to the power and culture of the Silvan Elves. The Silvan language was replaced by Sindarin.

The arrival of one in particular affected them: the Sinda [[Amdír]] took over Lórien. Under his leadership the people of Lórien prospered and their numbers grew. Amdir led an army of Galadhrim to the [[War of the Last Alliance]], where most of them, including Amdír himself, were slain in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]].
===Third Age===
The Galadhrim were now ruled by [[Amroth]] the son of Amdír. Around {{TA|1409}}, some Galadhrim passed over the [[Misty Mountains]] to join forces with [[Rivendell]] under [[Elrond]] against [[Angmar]]. Along with assistance with the [[Elves of Lindon]], they were successful in subduing the witch-kingdom for some time.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Around {{TA|1980}} with the freeing of [[Durin's Bane|the Balrog]] in [[Moria]] many of the Galadhrim fled south to [[Edhellond]] and sailed over Sea to [[Valinor]]. Amroth grew weary of [[Middle-earth]] and wished to sail. But he drowned in the [[Bay of Belfalas]].

In her wisdom [[Galadriel]] saw that Lórien would be a stronghold and a point of power to prevent the shadow from crossing the Anduin, for the Galadhrim were hardy and valiant. But they needed a ruler of greater strength and wisdom than they possessed. That is why Galadriel and [[Celeborn]] took up their permanent abode in Lórien and its government. Under the leadership of Galadriel and Celeborn the Galadhrim prospered and their skill grew.

The Galadhrim defended their home against [[orcs]], who attacked around the end of the [[Third Age]], just before [[Sauron]] was destroyed. The Galadhrim weathered all of the attacks.

With the departure over Sea of Galadriel, most of the Galadhrim went with Celeborn to [[East Lórien]].

==Culture==
The Galadhrim prospered and were instructed under their Sindarin rulers, and afterwards by [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim|their Lord and Lady]]. They became proficient in making [[Lembas]], [[Elven rope]], Elven-cloaks and many other crafts. They lived in [[telain]] built in the trees.

They spoke [[Silvan Elvish]], and a dialect of Sindarin. Some, like [[Haldir]], but not all, could speak [[Westron]].

==Etymology==
''Galadhrim'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Tree-people". The name consists of ''[[galadh]]'' ("tree") + ''[[rim|rim(b)]]'' ("great number").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 50</ref> See also LotR (50th) p. 341.

In the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''Galadhrim'' was spelt ''Galadrim''. In later editions, this was emended to the former, which [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] had decided was the correct Sindarin form.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 305</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Silvan Elves]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]
[[de:Galadhrim]]
[[fi:Galadhrim]]

Elves of Mirkwood

2019-04-09T03:49:40Z

Ahhee:

{{sources}}{{expansion}}
{{people infobox
| name=Elves of Mirkwood
| image=[[File:David T. Wenzel - Mirkwood elves.jpg|250px]]
| caption=Mirkwood elves by [[David T. Wenzel]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Elves of Thranduil, Elves of the Wood, Folk of the Wood, Wood-elves
| origin=[[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] followers of [[Thranduil]] and his [[Sindar|kin]]
| location=[[Woodland Realm]], [[Ithilien]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Silvan language]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Oropher]], [[Thranduil]], [[Legolas]], [[Galion]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Elves of Mirkwood''' were [[Silvan Elves]] that lived in the [[Woodland Realm]] of northern [[Mirkwood]], under the rule of [[Thranduil]].

==History==
During the [[First Age]], the [[Valar]] summoned the first [[Elves]] to move with them to [[Valinor]]. There were three hosts that first set out to answer the call of the Valar. Of these, the largest host was that of the [[Teleri]]. They advanced very slowly, and would often lose sight of the other two, smaller hosts.<ref name="S3">{{S|3}}</ref> There was a time, when they reached the river [[Anduin]], one smaller leader of that host, [[Lenwë]], wished to go no further, and he and his people began to live in the forests surrounding the Anduin Vale as the remaining Teleri continued their journey to [[Valinor]]. Their descendants were the Silvan elves of [[Lothlórien]] and Greenwood the Great.<ref name="S3"/>

===Second Age===
During the [[Second Age]], many [[Sindar]] survivors, who did not sail to the [[Valinor|West]], did not wish to stay with the [[Noldor]] in [[Lindon]] and be dominated by them.<ref name="UT6b"/> They travelled eastward from Lindon and eventually ended up in Greenwood the Great, where the Silvan Elves of [[Nandorin]] descent lived. The Silvan Elves were ''[[morbin]]'',<ref>{{WJ|B}} (pp. 376-7, 380)</ref> but they shared the same Telerin ancestry. The Sindar longed to experience a more "rustic" and "natural" way of life and fully embraced and adopted their culture and language. [[Oropher]], a Sinda, was taken by them as lord and founded the [[Woodland Realm]] in {{SA|750}} with the capital at [[Amon Lanc]].<ref>{{PM|Second}}, p. 174</ref><ref name="UT6b">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

The Silvan Elves originally lived in the south of Greenwood, but over the course of the Age, [[Sauron]] came to [[Mordor]] and started building [[Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|1000}}<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}, note 14</ref> while the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|Dwarves of Moria]] increased their power, and later, [[Galadriel]], who forsook [[Eregion]] due to the revolt of [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]],<ref name="UT6">{{UT|6}}</ref> followed by [[Celeborn]], who defended that realm until its fall, retreated to [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] with the refugees of that land. The Silvan Elves across the Anduin gradually moved north to live around the [[Mountains of Mirkwood]].<ref name="UT6b">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

Oropher joined the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] by summoning a great army which joined with [[Amdír]]'s smaller force of [[Galadhrim|Lórien Elves]] to create one large host of Silvan Elves; the Silvan Elves were strong and brave, but they had poor armour and weapons in comparison with the [[Noldor]]. [[Amdír]] and Oropher were unwilling to submit to the supreme command of [[Gil-galad]], as such they suffered heavier losses in the [[War of the Last Alliance]].<ref name="UT6b"/> In the first assault upon [[Mordor]], Oropher and other brave and hasty Silvan Elves rushed forward before Gil-galad gave the signal to charge. Oropher charged to the fore of his men and was slain.

Over the course of the war, which ended with the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|3441}}, two-thirds of the Silvan army had been lost. The remnants of the army returned to Greenwood under the command of Oropher's son, [[Thranduil]], and he was crowned king.<ref name="UT6b"/>

===Third Age===
With the return of [[Sauron]] around {{TA|1050}} southern Greenwood became dangerous and was renamed [[Mirkwood]]. Creatures like great spiders came to dwell in Mirkwood and Thranduil's folk retreated to the north-eastern corner of Mirkwood, where they fortified themselves near the [[Forest River]].

One day in {{TA|2941}} Thranduil and some of his folk were feasting in the woods when they were repeatedly disturbed by [[Thorin and Company|a party]] of [[Dwarves]]. After the third disturbance the Elves captured them. [[Thorin]] their leader, was brought before Thranduil but did not reveal the reason for their journey through Mirkwood. However the prisoners escaped with the help of a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], who escaped captivity by using his magic [[The One Ring|ring]].

After the Dwarves' escape Thranduil sent out messengers, who soon told him about the death of the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]]. He knew about the treasures, which Smaug had hoarded, and so he set out towards the [[Lonely Mountain]] with a company of Elves with spears and bows. On the way they met messengers from [[Bard]] in [[Lake-town]] who was seeking aid for his destroyed town. After the Elves had given food to the Lake-men and had helped them to build shelters against the oncoming winter, they were very surprised when they found out that Thorin and his company had survived Smaug's attacks, had taken possession of the Lonely Mountain and its treasures and that Thorin Oakenshield had claimed the title [[King under the Mountain]].

Bard demanded a part of the treasure for [[Dale]] and Lake-town, which Smaug had destroyed, as well as for himself because he had shot the dragon. When Thorin refused to give away parts of the treasure, Thranduil and Bard besieged the mountain and Thorin sent for aid from his cousin [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]. After a few days Dáin's host approached and fight seemed unavoidable. But in the night Bilbo brought the [[Arkenstone]], a great jewel that Thorin valued above all to him open to negotiations. The next morning Bard and Thranduil entered into negotiations with an angered Thorin, who agreed to pay 1/14 share of the treasure in exchange for the stone. The next day Dáin arrived with his forces and although Thranduil was reluctant to start a war over gold, the dwarves proceeded to attack.

At the last moment, when the battle was almost joined between the two sides Gandalf intervened and revealed that while they were bickering amongst themselves, the [[Orcs]] of the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Grey Mountains]] under [[Bolg]] were using the opportunity to march against them. They had been incited by Gandalf's earlier slaying of the [[Great Goblin]], but had now mobilized for a full-scale attack after hearing news of the death of the Dragon and the now relatively unguarded treasure hoard. The three commanders agreed that the Orcs were the enemies of all and previous grievances between them were put on hold in face of the greater threat. So the [[Battle of Five Armies]] began.

Thranduil's host was positioned on the southern side of the Mountain, and they were the first to charge. Many Elves were slain and things looked grim when the [[Eagles]] arrived on the battlefield. They turned the tide and the battle was won. The victors divided the treasure.

On [[21 March|March 21]], {{TA|3018}} [[Aragorn]] and [[Gandalf]] delivered [[Gollum]] as a prisoner to Thranduil. He was guarded day and night, but the Elves pitied him and allowed him to climb a tree that stood alone. When one night in June of 3018, Gollum refused to come down, the Elves were attacked by Orcs and Gollum could escape in the confusion. Thranduil sent his son [[Legolas]] to Rivendell to inform [[Elrond]], and in the [[Council of Elrond]] Legolas was selected as one of the nine members of the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Company of the Ring]].<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

On [[15 March|March 15]], {{TA|3019}}, an army of [[Sauron]] from [[Dol Guldur]], tasked with destroying the Woodland Realm, attacked Mirkwood. There was a long [[Battle Under Trees]] and the woods were set on fire. But in the end Thranduil defeated the invaders.

Because the Shadow over Mirkwood was lifted, Thranduil and Celeborn renamed it [[Eryn Lasgalen]], the Wood of Greenleaves. They divided it up, so that Thranduil received the northern part as far as the Mountains, and Celeborn took the southern part below the [[Narrows of the Forest|Narrows]], naming it [[East Lórien]]. The wide forest in-between was given to the [[Beornings]] and the [[Woodmen]]<ref name="AppB">{{App|B}}</ref>.

After the destruction of [[Dol Guldur]] and the cleansing of Mirkwood, Thranduil and the Wood-Elves remained untroubled for many years.

After the fall of Sauron, around {{FoA|20}},<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref> Legolas brought south Elves out of Greenwood, and they dwelt in Ithilien, and it became once again the fairest country in all the westlands.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> They stayed in Ithilien for "a hundred years of Men."<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref> Legolas and the Wood-Elves later worked together with Gimli and the Dwarves to rebuild and improve [[Minas Tirith]], capital city of [[Gondor]], the realm of their mutual friend King [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]]<ref name="AppB"/>. After King Aragorn died, Legolas sailed West, reportedly taking Gimli with him, and with them left numerous other [[Elves]].<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref><ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==Language==
It is unclear precisely what form of [[Sindarin]] and/or [[Silvan Elvish]] the Elves of Mirkwood spoke.

In "The Silvan Elves and Their Speech" Tolkien writes that, "Thranduil father of Legolas of the Nine Walkers was Sindarin, and that tongue was used in his house, though not by all his folk."<ref name="UT6a"/> This implies that Sindarin was the language of court and Silvan Elvish or the woodland tongue was the language of the people. It was later written that, "by the end of the Third Age the Silvan tongues had probably ceased to be spoken in the two regions that had importance at the time of the War of the Ring: Lórien and the realm of Thranduil in northern Mirkwood."<ref name="UT6a">{{UT|6a}}</ref> However, when Legolas related the song of Nimrodel, a song about a [[Third Age]] event, he said, "it is a fair song in our woodland tongue."<ref>{{FR|II6}} p. 330</ref><ref group="note">"Silvan Elvish is also referred to as the 'woodland tongue'." (J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment - Languages Invented by Tolkien - edited by Michael D. C. Drout, p. 339)</ref>

In "The Sindarin Princes of the Silvan Elves", Tolkien states that:

{{blockquote|Oropher had come among them with only a handful of Sindar, and they were soon merged with the Silvan Elves, adopting their language and taking names of Silvan form and style. This they did deliberately; for they . . . came from Doriath after its ruin, and had no desire to leave [[Middle-earth]], nor to be merged with the other Sindar of Beleriand, dominated by the Noldorin Exiles for whom the folk of Doriath had no great love. They wished indeed to become Silvan folk . . .|{{UT|6b}}}}

In [[Letter 347]], written in [[1972]], there is a note which states: "The Silvan Elves of Thranduil's realm did not speak [[Sindarin|S.]] but a related language or dialect."<ref>{{L|347}}</ref> This could be a mixture of [[Doriathrin]], or Old Sindarin, mixing with the Silvan Elvish of the Nandor and Avari.<ref group="note">See [[David Salo]]'s ''[[A Gateway to Sindarin]]'' p. 13</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
*'''[[2013]]: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''
:[[Beorn]] says about these Elves that they are dangerous and less wise than their kindred. There seems to be a gap between the Sindar and the Silvan, as Thranduil disaproves Legolas's affection for [[Tauriel]].
==See also==
*[[Woodland Realm]]

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Nandor]]
[[Category:Silvan Elves]]

Elves of Lindon

2019-04-09T03:47:08Z

Ahhee:

{{people infobox
| name=Elves of Lindon
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Elves of Lindon.jpg|250px]]
| caption=''Elves of Lindon'' by [[Liz Danforth]]
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Eldar]] of [[Lindon]]
| origin=Survivors of the destruction of [[Beleriand]] in the [[War of Wrath]]
| location=[[Lindon]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]
| language=[[Nandorin]], [[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Cirdan]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Celeborn]], [[Oropher]], [[Elrond]] ([[half-elven]]), [[Galdor of the Havens]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Elves of Lindon''' were those [[Elves]] who dwelt in [[Lindon]] in the west of [[Middle-earth]], between the [[Blue Mountains]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]], in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.
==Population==
The original Elves of Lindon ([[Ossiriand]]) in the [[First Age]], were [[Laiquendi]], but were joined by other Elves of the former [[Beleriand]] ([[Noldor]] and [[Sindar]]) who survived the [[War of Wrath]] and did not accept the invitation of the [[Valar]] to sail to [[Aman]].<ref name=princes>{{UT|6b}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> The Elves of [[Harlindon]] were mostly Sindar, ruled by [[Celeborn]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, Note 2</ref>

Early in the Second Age, some of the Sindar were uneasy living among the Noldor under Gil-galad and left for the east or the south.<ref name=princes/>

In the [[Third Age]], the Elves of Lindon consisted most of the [[High-elves]] that still lingered in [[Middle-earth]]. Few remained in the [[Fourth Age]], if at all.<ref name=eriador/>
==History==
The Elves built the [[Grey Havens]] in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] whence the [[Eldar]] could sail the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings/> Although many Sindar left Lindon<ref name=princes/> the Elves reached the height of their power in the Second Age under King [[Gil-galad]].

A fair being calling himself [[Annatar]], emissary of the Valar, came seeking entrance. Gil-galad and Master [[Elrond]] sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him. Messengers were sent from Lindon with warnings; but they were unheeded, and Annatar was received gladly, mostly in [[Eregion]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> However Gil-galad and Elrond were proven correct, as Annatar was indeed [[Sauron]] and later [[War of the Elves and Sauron|a massive war began]]. Elrond came out of Lindon with Elves in [[Sack of Eregion|battle to defend Eregion]]. With them, and other Elves who fled the destruction of [[Eregion]], he established [[Imladris]] in {{SA|1697}}.<ref name=SA/> After those events, the Elf-realm of Lindon was diminished and didn't extend east of the Blue Mountains anymore.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note #75</ref>

In the [[Dark Years]] [[Sauron]] had conquered most of the [[Westlands]], but in {{SA|1700}} [[Tar-Minastir]] sent a fleet to Lindon, aiding the Elves to drive Sauron out of Eriador.<ref name=SA/><ref name=rings/> Sauron's army was driven back to [[Sarn Ford]] where they were defeated and withdrew to [[Tharbad]].<ref name="Concerning">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

At the end of the Age, Gil-galad joined the [[Last Alliance]] and led his armies to the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Some of the [[Silvan Elves]] felt hostility towards the Noldor, and those under [[Oropher]] and [[Amdir]] attacked independently, suffering heavy losses.<ref name=princes/>
===After Gil-galad===

After the War and the death of Gil-galad, [[Cirdan]] remained the only Lord of the Havens. During the [[Third Age]], the Elves of Lindon under [[Cirdan]] supported [[Arnor]] in the [[Angmar War]]. They assisted [[Arveleg]] and the men of [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with Círdan’s help, Arveleg's young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador/>
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Northern Waste.jpg|thumb|left|Angelo Montanini - ''Northern Waste'']]
In {{TA|1975}}, Elven sailors from Lindon brought a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue the lost king [[Arvedui]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The next year the elves joined with the [[Dúnedain]] in the victorious [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

For the course of the Third Age, the Elves of Lindon built ships for the Elves who wished to return to the Blessed Realm and they didn't seem to participate in greater events. During the [[War of the Ring]] [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was sent to [[Rivendell]] for an errand, and incidentally he represented Cirdan in the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

The [[Last Ship]], carrying [[Cirdan]] and [[Celeborn]],<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> apparently sailed before {{FoA|120}} based on [[Aragorn]]'s final words to [[Arwen]]. Aragorn suggests Arwen might still sail into the West, and one of the reasons she gives that this is impossible is that "There is now no ship that would bear me hence...".<ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref> This implies that the Last Ship had already sailed by {{FoA|120}}, the year in which this conversation took place.<ref name=AppTale/>

{{references}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]

Noldor

2019-04-09T03:45:32Z

Ahhee:

{{sources}}
{{people infobox
| name=Noldor
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin.jpg|The Coming of Fingolfin]]" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Deep Elves, Golodhrim, Golug, Loremasters, Nómin, ''Tatyar''
| location=[[Tirion]], [[Formenos]], [[Vinyamar]], [[Hithlum]], [[Gondolin]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Dorthonion]], [[East Beleriand]], [[Lindon]], [[Eregion]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Finwë]], [[Fëanor]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Finarfin]], [[Maedhros]], [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Celebrimbor]], [[Ecthelion]], [[Glorfindel]], [[Eärendil]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=Great skill with metal and gems, deep knowledge
| height=Tall, typically 7 feet<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>
| hair=Dark, sometimes red (in the case of [[Míriel]] even silver)
| skin=White
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Noldor''' ([[Third Age]] Exilic [[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnoldor]}}) or '''Ñoldor''' (older and [[Aman]]ya Q, pron. {{IPA|[ˈŋoldor]}}) were those of the second clan of the [[Elves]] who came to [[Aman]]. They were highly skilled in crafts and gained much knowledge, which they passed on to [[Men]] after their [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]]. Their [[King of the Noldor|King]] was originally [[Finwë]], but he was slain by [[Morgoth]], leading his son [[Fëanor]] to avenge him and the theft of his [[Silmarils|jewels]] by making war upon Morgoth in [[Middle-earth]]. The war of the Noldor against Morgoth comprises many of the tales of the [[First Age]].

==History==
According to legend, the clan was founded by [[Tata]], the second Elf to awake at [[Cuiviénen]]. With him were his spouse Tatië and their 54 companions, and this clan became known as the '''Tatyar'''. [[Finwë]], the first Ñoldor to come to [[Valinor]] with [[Oromë]], became their King, and led most of them to Valinor. Out of the original 56 Tatyar who awoke at Cuiviénen, 28 remained at the place of their awakening, becoming [[Avari]], while the other original 28 and their offspring continued on their [[Great Journey]].

===The Noldor in Valinor===
The Noldor were accounted the greatest of the Elves and all the peoples in [[Middle-earth]] in lore, warfare and crafts. In Valinor "great became their knowledge and their skill; yet even greater was their thirst for more knowledge, and in many things, they soon surpassed their teachers. The Noldor were changeful in speech, for they had a great love of words, and sought ever to find names more fit for all things they knew or imagined". They were beloved of [[Aulë]] the Smith and were the first to discover and carve gems. Their chief dwelling-place was the city of [[Tirion]] upon [[Túna]]. Among the wisest of the Noldor were [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]], creator of the first writing system and author of many books of lore. [[Fëanor]], son of Finwë and [[Míriel]], was the greatest of their craftsmen, "mightiest in skill of word and of hand", and creator of the [[Silmarils]].

The Noldor earned the greatest hatred of [[Morgoth|Melkor]], who envied their prosperity and, most of all, the Silmarils. So he went often among them, offering counsel, and the Noldor hearkened, being eager for lore. But amid his seemingly good advice, Melkor sowed lies to turn one House of the Noldor against another, and in the end, the peace in Tirion was poisoned. After threatening his half-brother [[Fingolfin]], Fëanor was banished from Tirion by the [[Valar]], and with him went Finwë his father. Fingolfin remained as the ruler of the Noldor of Tirion.

But Melkor had yet other designs to accomplish. Soon after with the aid of [[Ungoliant]] he destroyed the [[Two Trees]], and coming to [[Formenos]] he killed Finwë, stole the Silmarils, and departed from Aman. Fëanor, driven by grief and desiring vengeance, rebelled against the Valar by coming back into Tirion and making a speech before the Noldor, in which he persuaded them to leave Valinor, follow Melkor to [[Middle-earth]], and wage war against him for the recovery of the Silmarils. He swore a terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]], as did his [[Sons of Fëanor|sons]], to pursue Melkor and reclaim the Silmarils at all costs. Fëanor then claimed the title of the High King since his father was dead, but though the greater part of the Noldor still held Fingolfin as King, they followed Fëanor into [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]] due to their valour.

====The Kinslaying====
The Noldor led by Fëanor demanded that the [[Teleri]] let them use their ships. When the Teleri refused, they took the ships by force, committing the first [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|kinslaying]]. A messenger from the Valar came later and delivered the [[Doom of Mandos]], pronouncing judgment on the Noldor for the Kinslaying and rebellion and warning that if they proceeded they would not recover the Silmarils and moreover would be slain or tormented by grief. At this, some of the Noldor who had no hand in the Kinslaying, including [[Finarfin]] son of Finwë and [[Indis]], returned to Valinor, and the Valar forgave them. Other Noldor led by Fingolfin (some of whom were blameless in the Kinslaying) remained determined to leave Valinor for Middle-earth. Prominent among these others was Finarfin's son, [[Finrod]].

===Exile to Middle-earth===
The Noldor led by Fëanor crossed the sea to Middle-earth, leaving those led by Fingolfin, his half-brother, behind. Upon his arrival in Middle-earth, Fëanor had the ships burned. When the Noldor led by Fingolfin discovered their betrayal, they went farther north and crossed the sea at the [[Grinding Ice]] which cost them many lives.

Fëanor's company was soon attacked by Morgoth. When Fëanor rode too far from his bodyguard during the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], several [[Balrogs|Balrogs]], including their Lord [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], fought him. Despite battling valiantly, Fëanor was mortally wounded and would have been captured and taken to Angband had it not been for the swift arrival of his sons. However, Fëanor died whilst being taken back to his own people.

Because Fëanor had taken the ships and left the Noldor led by his half-brother on the west side of the sea, much enmity remained between the royal Houses of the Noldor. [[Fingon]] son of Fingolfin, saved [[Maedhros]] Fëanor's son from Morgoth's imprisonment, however, and the feud was settled. Maedhros was due to succeed Fëanor, but he regretted his part of the Kinslaying and left the High Kingship of the Noldor to his uncle Fingolfin, who became the first High King of the Noldor in Middle-earth. His brothers did not agree to this and began to refer to themselves as ''the Dispossessed'', because the High Kingship had passed them by.

====Kingdoms of the Noldor====
In the north-west of Middle-earth, the Noldor made an alliance with the [[Sindar]], the Elves of [[Beleriand]], and later with Men of the Three Houses of the [[Edain]]. Fingolfin reigned long in the land of [[Hithlum]], and his younger son [[Turgon]] built the Hidden City of [[Gondolin]]. The Sons of Fëanor ruled the lands in Eastern Beleriand, while Finrod Finarfin's son was the King of [[Nargothrond]] and his brothers [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]] held [[Dorthonion]]. Fingolfin's reign was marked by warfare against Morgoth and in the year 60 of the First Age after their victory in [[Dagor Aglareb]] the Noldor started the [[Siege of Angband]], the great fortress of Morgoth. In the year 455, the Siege was broken by Morgoth in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], in which the north-eastern Elvish realms were conquered. Fingolfin in despair rode to Angband and challenged Morgoth to single combat. He dealt Morgoth seven wounds but perished, and he was succeeded by his eldest son Fingon, who became the second High King of the Noldor in Beleriand.

====The Nirnaeth Arnoediad====
In the year 472, Maedhros organised an all-out attack on Morgoth and this led to the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], the Battle of Unnumbered Tears. Betrayed by the new-come [[Easterlings]], the forces of the Noldor, Sindar and Edain were utterly defeated. Fingon the Valiant was slain; he was succeeded by his brother Turgon.

Morgoth scattered the remaining forces of the Sons of Fëanor, and in 495 Nargothrond was also overridden. Turgon had withdrawn to Gondolin which was kept hidden from both Morgoth and other Elves. In 510, Gondolin was betrayed by [[Maeglin]] and sacked. During the attack Turgon was killed; however, many of his people escaped and found their way south. Turgon was the last surviving male descendant of Fingolfin, so [[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin, became the fourth and last High King of the Noldor in Middle-earth.

Finally, the Valar came down to Middle-earth and in the years 545-583 the [[War of Wrath]] was fought and Morgoth was cast into the Void. But Beleriand sank into the sea, except for a part of [[Ossiriand]] (Lindon), and a few isles. The defeat of Morgoth marked the end of the [[First Age]] and the start of the [[Second Age|Second]].

===The Second Age===
Most of the Noldor sailed back to Aman at the End of the First Age; but some, like [[Galadriel]] daughter of Finarfin or [[Celebrimbor]] the grandson of Fëanor, refused the pardon of the Valar and remained in Middle-earth. Gil-galad founded a new kingdom at Lindon, and ruled throughout the Second Age, longer than any of the High Kings except for Finwë. But after a while [[Sauron]] had replaced his master Morgoth as the Dark Lord. With the aid of the [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]], he fortified [[Mordor]] and began the long war with the remaining Elves. He attacked Eregion, destroying it, but was withstood in [[Rivendell]] and Lindon. With the aid of the [[Númenóreans]], the Noldor managed to defeat him for a time.

However, in the year 3319 of the Second Age Númenor fell due to [[Ar-Pharazôn]]'s rebellion against the Valar, in which Sauron had a great part. When [[Elendil]] with his sons escaped to Middle-earth and established the realms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], Sauron tried to conquer Gondor before it could take root. Both Elendil and Gil-galad set out for Mordor in the [[Last Alliance]] of Men and Elves and defeated Sauron in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] and finally in the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. There Gil-galad perished, and so ended the High Kingship of the Noldor. Of the descendants of Finwë in Middle-earth, only Galadriel and [[Elrond]] Half-elven remained (and the Númenórean Kings through Elrond's twin brother [[Elros]]).

===The Third Age===
In the [[Third Age]], the Noldor in Middle-earth dwindled, and by the end of the Third Age, the only big communities of Noldor remaining in Middle-earth were in [[Rivendell]] and [[Lindon]]. Eventually, all the remaining Noldor in Middle-earth sailed to [[Aman]] by {{FoA|120}}.<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

==Kings of the Noldor==
''See also: [[King of the Noldor]].

* In Valinor:
# [[Finwë]], first King.
# [[Fëanor]], first son of Finwë; claimed the title after his father's death.
# [[Finarfin]], third son of Finwë; ruled the Noldor remaining in Aman.

* In Middle-earth:
# [[Fingolfin]], second son of Finwë; held to be the [[High King of the Noldor]] by the majority of the Noldor after Maedhros son of Fëanor gave up his claims.
# [[Fingon]], first son of Fingolfin.
# [[Turgon]], second son of Fingolfin.
# [[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin.

It is not known exactly how Finwë became King: he may have been a descendant of the Noldorin primogenitor [[Tata]], or simply have been accepted as leader based on his status as ambassador to the Valar. The Noldor had many princely houses besides that of Finwë: [[Glorfindel]] of Gondolin and [[Gwindor]] of Nargothrond, while not related to Finwë, were princes in their own right. These lesser houses held no realms, however: all the Noldorin realms of Beleriand and later Eriador were ruled by a descendant of Finwë.

The [[Men|Mannish]] descendants of [[Elros]] (the [[Kings of Arnor]]) called themselves High Kings, although their authority was only over the [[Dúnedain]]. As descendants through the female line Elros and his brother Elrond were not considered eligible, and Elrond indeed never claimed Kingship.

It is perhaps notable that Galadriel, the last of the House of Finwë in Middle-earth (other than the [[Half-elven]]) after the fall of Gil-galad, likewise never claimed a title, let alone that of High Queen. Indeed the only known Elven "kingdom" in Middle-earth after the Second Age was the [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] realm of Mirkwood, ruled by the Sinda [[Thranduil]].

==The House of Finwë==
The leaders of the Noldor were all members of the House of Finwë. The descendants of this house were also many of the major historical figures of the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third]] Ages, culminating in [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] and his wife [[Arwen]]. Below is a family tree showing the lines of descent from Finwë to the kings of Elves and [[Men]] in [[Middle-earth]] and [[Númenor]]. The names of the High Kings of the Noldor are in bold.

<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |y|~|~|~|~|~|~| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | OLW | | | | | | | |MIR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]]''b. {{YT}}''|OLW=[[Olwë]]''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF |y| EAW | | SON | | | | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]]''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]]''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]]''b. {{YT}}''|SON=''unknown sons''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL |FRD=[[Finrod]]''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''|ANG=[[Angrod]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|AEG=[[Aegnor]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|GAL=[[Galadriel]]''b. {{YT|1362}}''|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]]''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}

{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|CLB=[[Celebrían]]''b. {{SA}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]]''b. {{FA|532}}''}}

{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}

{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIL | | FIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]''d. {{SA|3441}}''|FIL=[[Finduilas]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|ELL=[[Elladan]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]]''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}

{{familytree/end}}

</div>

==Characteristics==
The Noldor were the Second Clan of the Elves in both order and size, the other clans being the [[Vanyar]], a smaller group, and the [[Teleri]], a much larger one. The Noldor typically had grey eyes, fair skin, and dark hair, save for the members of the golden-haired [[House of Finarfin]].

However, the Noldor were the proudest of the Elves; in the words of the [[Sindar]], they came to Middle-earth because "they needed room to quarrel in". It was this pride that Melkor used to turn the Houses of [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]] and [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] against each other. The pride of the Noldor also led to their [[Fall of the Noldor|Fall]] and [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]] (and their continued quarrels in Middle-earth, as noted by the Sindar).

Of the three clans of the [[Eldar]], they are also the people who most favours sword and shield as their weapons.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 215 footnote to §29</ref><ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 228 footnote to §49</ref>

==Etymology and Names==
The singular form of the [[Quenya]] noun is '''[[Noldo]]''' and the adjective is '''[[Noldorin]]'''.

''noldo'' is derived from the [[Elvish]] [[Sundocarme|root]] [[NGOL]].<ref name=WJC>{{WJ|C}}, p. 383</ref>

The Noldor were called '''[[Golodhrim]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[ɡoˈloðrim]}}) or '''Gódhellim''' ({{IPA|[ɡoˈðelːim]}}) by [[Sindarin]]-speakers and '''Goldoi''' by [[Falmari]] of [[Tol Eressëa]]; they are also known as ''Deep Elves'' ("deep" as in "wise, learned"). Additionally, the Sindarin singular '''[[Golodh]]''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡoloð]}}) could be pluralized '''[[Golodhrim]]''', '''[[Gelydh]]''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡelyð]}}, later {{IPA|[ˈɡelið]}}) or more archaicly '''[[Gœlydh]]''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡølyð]}}).{{fact}}

The Noldor were known as the "'''Deep-elves'''".<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref> Other names used for the Noldor included the Wise, the Golden, the Valiant, the Sword-elves, the Elves of the Earth, the Foes of Melkor, the Skilled of Hand, the Jewel-wrights, the Companions of Men, and the Followers of Finwë.<ref>{{HM|MR}}, p. 164</ref> It is also told that the Noldor were often called the Lispers by other native speakers of Quenya (such as the [[Vanyar]]), since they retained the medial "th" in their speech.<ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 34</ref>

In the [[Second Age|Second]], [[Third Age|Third]], and [[Fourth Age]], the kindreds of the Noldor who settled in [[Aman]] or descended from them and remained in [[Middle-earth]] for a while were also referred to as '''High Elves''', or '''Tareldar'''<ref>{{HM|PM}}, pp. 349, 360</ref> in the lore of the [[Dúnedain]].<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
In the early versions of Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''), the Noldor were most often called ''Noldoli'' or ''[[Gnomes]]''. They were still called Gnomes in early editions of ''[[The Hobbit]]''. They were also the ones who spoke the language that later became [[Sindarin]] (then called ''Gnomish'' or ''Noldorin'').

The spelling ''Ñoldor'' rather than ''Noldor'' was used by Tolkien in his later writings (the character ''ñ'' signifying the velar nasal, the sound found in the English word "si'''ng'''"), but even in earlier versions the name ''Ñoldo'' came from a [[Primitive Quendian]] stem *ñgolodō, which led to Ñoldo in [[Quenya]] and ''Golodh'' in [[Sindarin]].

The family tree given above is correct in the placement of [[Orodreth]] and [[Gil-galad]]: Orodreth was [[Angrod]]'s son, and [[Gil-galad]] was Orodreth's son, thus the grandson of [[Angrod]] and great-grandson of [[Finarfin]], and brother to [[Finduilas]]. These are wrongly placed in the published ''Silmarillion''. (See Orodreth and Gil-galad articles for details). [[Argon]], the third son of [[Fingolfin]], does not appear in the published ''Silmarillion'' at all.

==See also==
* [[Quenya]]
* [[Finwë]]
* [[House of Finwë]]
* [[Fëanor]]
* [[Fingolfin]]
* [[Silmarils]]
* [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]
* [[Doom of Mandos]]
* [[Exile of the Noldor]]
{{references}}
{{elves}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Noldor| ]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Noldor]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/noldor]]
[[fi:Noldor]]

Dwarves of the Blue Mountains

2019-04-09T03:21:19Z

Ahhee:

{{sources}}
{{people infobox
| name=Dwarves of the Blue Mountains
| image=[[File:Angelo Montanini - Blue Mountain Dwarves.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Angelo Montanini - Blue Mountain Dwarves.jpg|Blue Mountain Dwarves]]" by Angelo Montanini
| pronun=
| othernames=Dwarves of Ered Lindon
| origin=[[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] were founded by the Firebeards and Broadbeams; the settlers of the [[Third Age]] were [[Longbeard]] exiles from [[Khazad-dûm]]
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], [[Nogrod]], [[Belegost]], [[Khazad-dûm]], [[Thorin's Halls]], newer halls in the Southern chain
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=
| lifespan=c. 250 years
| distinctions=Great craftsmen
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Dwarves of the Blue Mountains''' were the various [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] peoples in the [[Blue Mountains|Ered Luin]].
==History==
===First Age===
The [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]] awoke in the Blue Mountains, and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

From their mountain-cities, the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains came down into Beleriand to trade with the Elves. The Dwarves of Belegost were friends to the [[Sindar]]<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> and later allies of the [[Noldor]] of [[Beleriand]] (they had generally better relations with the [[Elves]] than their neighbors in [[Nogrod]]).<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref> They first met the [[Noldor]] Elves near Mount [[Rerir]] and a great friendship began between the two peoples.

They played a great part in the making of [[Thingol|Thingol's]] halls at [[Menegroth]], and later aided in the delving of [[Nargothrond]] beside [[Narog]].<ref name="Return" /> Finrod rewarded them with treasures he brought from [[Tirion]].<ref name="Return">{{S|Return}}</ref> In Nogrod during this period, the master craftsman [[Telchar]] forged weapons and armour that would be famed through Middle-earth's history, including [[Narsil]], the sword that would be broken and reforged for [[Aragorn]] several millenia later.

After [[Morgoth]]'s return to Middle-earth, the Dwarves were loosely [[Union of Maedhros|allied]] with the Elves in the [[Wars of Beleriand]] that followed. They fought in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], where [[Azaghâl]] of [[Belegost]] drove [[Glaurung]] from the field but was himself slain. After the battle, relations between the Elves and Dwarves cooled: Dwarves of Nogrod slew Thingol and stole the [[Nauglamír]], and after this time enmity and mistrust grew between the two peoples.

===Second Age===
After the end of the [[First Age]], around {{SA|40}}, the power and wealth of Khazad-dûm was much increased; for it was enriched by many people and much lore and craft when the ancient cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the [[Blue Mountains]] were ruined in the breaking of [[Thangorodrim]].<ref name="Durin"/> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterwards.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

===Third Age===
After the death of King [[Thrór]], his son [[Thráin]] sent messengers to all the Houses of the Dwarves requesting aid, and it can be assumed that both the western houses sent troops to fight in the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]].

After the War, the remaining western Dwarves went back to their countries, and a year later King Thráin and his people established a [[Thorin's Halls|new realm-in-exile]] in the northern Ered Luin beyond the [[Little Lune]].<ref name="Durin" /> His people prospered in a fashion and were swelled in numbers by many of the wandering folk of Durin. They made things mostly of iron, trading with their neighbouring kinsmen in the south, the Men of Eriador, and likely the Elves.

Years later after King [[Thorin]] went on the [[Quest of Erebor]] and was killed in the [[Battle of Five Armies]], the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]] was re-established by the new king [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]. Many of the people of Durin's folk went to him and it became a great and prosperous kingdom once again.

Even later in the [[Fourth Age]], there were still Dwarves in mines in the east side of the Blue Mountains, especially south of the Gulf of Lune, still trading along the [[East Road]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''
:While [[Thorin and Company]] are lost in [[Mirkwood]], [[Bofur]] finds a dwarven tobacco pouch on the ground, which he recognizes as one from the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains. [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] tells him that it is his own pouch that fell earlier, and they are going on circles.
{{references}}

[[Category:Dwarven peoples]]
[[de:Ered Luin]]
[[fi:Sinivuoret]]