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Gwaihir

2023-12-07T05:49:30Z

Amandacil: /* History */

{{sources}}{{cleanup}}
{{eagle infobox
| name=Gwaihir
| image=[[Image:Roger Thomasson - Gwaihir.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Gwaihir" by [[:Category:Images by Roger Thomasson|Roger Thomasson]]
| pronun=
| othernames=The Windlord; ''Gwaehir''
| titles=
| position=
| location=
| affiliation=[[Manwë]]
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=helping rescue [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]; aiding [[Gandalf]] twice
| house=
| parentage=Unknown; descendant of [[Thorondor]]
| siblings=[[Landroval]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| wingspan=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Gwaihir''' was the greatest and the swiftest of the [[Eagles]] of [[Middle-earth]] at the time of the [[War of the Ring]].

==History==
A descendant of [[Thorondor]], it is said that Gwaihir was his vassal in the [[First Age]] and, with his brother [[Landroval]], helped rescue [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] from [[Angband]].<ref name=P1>{{WJ|P1}} p. 68</ref> In the [[Third Age]] he was the greatest and the swiftest of the Eagles of the North.

During the [[War of the Ring]], [[Radagast]] sought help of his old friends. The Eagles set off and gathered news: [[wolves]] and [[Orcs]] gathering and mustering, the movements of the [[Nazgûl|Nine Riders]], and the escape of [[Gollum]] from [[Mirkwood]].

As instructed by Gandalf, Radagast sent Gwaihir to bear the news to him at [[Isengard]], but Gandalf was at that time imprisoned at the pinnacle of [[Orthanc]]. On an autumn night, Gandalf saw the Eagle flying towards him and so Gwaihir rescued the Wizard. But Gwaihir couldn't carry him far, so Gwaihir left him at [[Edoras]] in order to find a steed.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

Later he was sent by [[Galadriel]] to find Gandalf; he found him on the peak of [[Celebdil]] after the [[Battle of the Peak]], and carried him to [[Lothlórien]]. After Gandalf recovered, he sent Gwaihir to watch the [[Anduin]] and gather tidings. There he saw that Merry and Pippin were captured and delivered this news to Gandalf, but he apparently did not see [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] cross the river since Gandalf did not know that the two of them had.<ref>{{TT|White}}</ref>

Gwaihir, [[Meneldor]] and [[Landroval]] helped the [[Free peoples]] in the [[Battle of the Morannon]]; in the aftermath, they brought Frodo and Sam out of [[Mordor]] after [[the One Ring]] was destroyed.<ref>{{RK|Doom}}</ref>
[[File:Stephen Hickman - Escape from Orthanc.jpg|thumb|right|Stephen Hickman - ''Escape from Orthanc'']]

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | |THO| | | |THO=[[Thorondor]]}}
{{familytree| | | |:| | | |}}
{{familytree| | |FAT| | |FAT=Father of Gwaihir}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree|GWA| |LAN| | |GWA='''GWAIHIR'''|LAN=[[Landroval]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Gwaihir.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''''Gwaihir''''' comes from [[Sindarin]] ''[[gwaew]]'' ("wind")<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 33-4</ref> and possibly ''[[hîr]]'' "lord". His name could thus likely be translated as "Windlord".

==Other versions of the legendarium==
Eagles named "Gwaihir" and "Landroval" (or, in even earlier texts, "Gwaewar" and "Lhandroval") appeared in early ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'', as vassals of Thorondor who helped to bear [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] from [[Angband]]<ref name=P1/>. These references were removed by [[Christopher Tolkien]] to escape the seeming discrepancy with ''The Lord of the Rings'', although later he admitted that he was not sure about his father's intentions.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}} Chs. 12–15, p. 301–3</ref><ref>{{SD|V}}</ref>

It is generally thought that Gwaihir is the [[Lord of the Eagles]] of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', although [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] never makes a connection nor mentions that Gwaihir was Lord of the Eagles. This notion is also seen in [[Robert Foster]]'s ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]''.

In the whole ''Lord of the Rings'' Gwaihir carries Gandalf twice, and by the end of the book Gandalf says that Gwaihir had carried him twice<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref>; this implies that Gwaihir never carried him before the timeframe of the book.

==Portrayal in adaptations==

===Films===
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Gandalf whispers "Gwaihir" repeatedly to a [[Moths|moth]] that arrives at [[Isengard]]. Later, Gwaihir rescues [[Gandalf]] from Isengard, and carries him to safety.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Gwaihir and his Eagles come to aid at the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. They attack the Nazgûl and their [[fell beasts]]. After the battle is won and the One Ring destroyed, Gwaihir along with [[Gandalf]] and a second Eagle rescue [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] from the rocks of [[Mount Doom]].

===Radio series===
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''
:[[Alexander John]] provided the voice of Gwaihir during Gandalf's rescue from Orthanc.

===Video games===
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Gwaihir is first mentioned by [[Gandalf]] when the player meets up with him at [[the Prancing Pony]].<ref>{{VGC|SAII}}, Foreword: "Aiding the Order"</ref> The player first sees Gwaihir when entering Galadriel's garden in [[Lothlórien]] for the first time.<ref>{{VGC|MMVI}}, Chapter 9: "The Mirror of Galadriel"</ref> Later, he arrives on the peak of Iorbar in the [[Misty Mountains]] to reclaim a stolen eagle egg taken by a giant. Finally, he arrives at and participates in the [[Battle of the Morannon]] with the other eagles, and saves [[Frodo]] and [[Sam]] from the slopes of [[Mount Doom]].

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Gwaihir is first mentioned in chapter 1, in which [[Beleram]] tells that he has been sent by Gwaihir to gather news. Later on in the game, he makes a full appearance.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Main Gate''</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Gwaihir|Images of Gwaihir]]
* [[Great Eagle]] (the Eagle in ''The Hobbit'' that is sometimes mistaken as Gwaihir)

{{References}}
{{Eagles}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Eagles]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

[[de:Gwaihir]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:animaux:aigles:gwaihir]]
[[fi:Gwaihir]]

Gwaihir

2023-12-07T05:48:18Z

Amandacil: Gwaihir flew over the Anduin and delivered news to Gandalf on what was happening with the Fellowship. I mentioned this in the article

{{sources}}{{cleanup}}
{{eagle infobox
| name=Gwaihir
| image=[[Image:Roger Thomasson - Gwaihir.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Gwaihir" by [[:Category:Images by Roger Thomasson|Roger Thomasson]]
| pronun=
| othernames=The Windlord; ''Gwaehir''
| titles=
| position=
| location=
| affiliation=[[Manwë]]
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=helping rescue [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]; aiding [[Gandalf]] twice
| house=
| parentage=Unknown; descendant of [[Thorondor]]
| siblings=[[Landroval]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| wingspan=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Gwaihir''' was the greatest and the swiftest of the [[Eagles]] of [[Middle-earth]] at the time of the [[War of the Ring]].

==History==
A descendant of [[Thorondor]], it is said that Gwaihir was his vassal in the [[First Age]] and, with his brother [[Landroval]], helped rescue [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] from [[Angband]].<ref name=P1>{{WJ|P1}} p. 68</ref> In the [[Third Age]] he was the greatest and the swiftest of the Eagles of the North.

During the [[War of the Ring]], [[Radagast]] sought help of his old friends. The Eagles set off and gathered news: [[wolves]] and [[Orcs]] gathering and mustering, the movements of the [[Nazgûl|Nine Riders]], and the escape of [[Gollum]] from [[Mirkwood]].

As instructed by Gandalf, Radagast sent Gwaihir to bear the news to him at [[Isengard]], but Gandalf was at that time imprisoned at the pinnacle of [[Orthanc]]. On an autumn night, Gandalf saw the Eagle flying towards him and so Gwaihir rescued the Wizard. But Gwaihir couldn't carry him far, so Gwaihir left him at [[Edoras]] in order to find a steed.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

Later he was sent by [[Galadriel]] to find Gandalf; he found him on the peak of [[Celebdil]] after the [[Battle of the Peak]], and carried him to [[Lothlórien]]. After Gandalf recovered, he sent Gwaihir to watch the [[Anduin]] and gather tidings. There he sees that Merry and Pippin were captured and delivers this news to Gandalf, but he apparently did not see that [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] cross the river since Gandalf did not know that the two of them had.<ref>{{TT|White}}</ref>

Gwaihir, [[Meneldor]] and [[Landroval]] helped the [[Free peoples]] in the [[Battle of the Morannon]]; in the aftermath, they brought Frodo and Sam out of [[Mordor]] after [[the One Ring]] was destroyed.<ref>{{RK|Doom}}</ref>
[[File:Stephen Hickman - Escape from Orthanc.jpg|thumb|right|Stephen Hickman - ''Escape from Orthanc'']]

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | |THO| | | |THO=[[Thorondor]]}}
{{familytree| | | |:| | | |}}
{{familytree| | |FAT| | |FAT=Father of Gwaihir}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree|GWA| |LAN| | |GWA='''GWAIHIR'''|LAN=[[Landroval]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Gwaihir.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''''Gwaihir''''' comes from [[Sindarin]] ''[[gwaew]]'' ("wind")<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 33-4</ref> and possibly ''[[hîr]]'' "lord". His name could thus likely be translated as "Windlord".

==Other versions of the legendarium==
Eagles named "Gwaihir" and "Landroval" (or, in even earlier texts, "Gwaewar" and "Lhandroval") appeared in early ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'', as vassals of Thorondor who helped to bear [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] from [[Angband]]<ref name=P1/>. These references were removed by [[Christopher Tolkien]] to escape the seeming discrepancy with ''The Lord of the Rings'', although later he admitted that he was not sure about his father's intentions.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}} Chs. 12–15, p. 301–3</ref><ref>{{SD|V}}</ref>

It is generally thought that Gwaihir is the [[Lord of the Eagles]] of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', although [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] never makes a connection nor mentions that Gwaihir was Lord of the Eagles. This notion is also seen in [[Robert Foster]]'s ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]''.

In the whole ''Lord of the Rings'' Gwaihir carries Gandalf twice, and by the end of the book Gandalf says that Gwaihir had carried him twice<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref>; this implies that Gwaihir never carried him before the timeframe of the book.

==Portrayal in adaptations==

===Films===
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Gandalf whispers "Gwaihir" repeatedly to a [[Moths|moth]] that arrives at [[Isengard]]. Later, Gwaihir rescues [[Gandalf]] from Isengard, and carries him to safety.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Gwaihir and his Eagles come to aid at the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. They attack the Nazgûl and their [[fell beasts]]. After the battle is won and the One Ring destroyed, Gwaihir along with [[Gandalf]] and a second Eagle rescue [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] from the rocks of [[Mount Doom]].

===Radio series===
'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Ring]]'':'''
:[[Alexander John]] provided the voice of Gwaihir during Gandalf's rescue from Orthanc.

===Video games===
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Gwaihir is first mentioned by [[Gandalf]] when the player meets up with him at [[the Prancing Pony]].<ref>{{VGC|SAII}}, Foreword: "Aiding the Order"</ref> The player first sees Gwaihir when entering Galadriel's garden in [[Lothlórien]] for the first time.<ref>{{VGC|MMVI}}, Chapter 9: "The Mirror of Galadriel"</ref> Later, he arrives on the peak of Iorbar in the [[Misty Mountains]] to reclaim a stolen eagle egg taken by a giant. Finally, he arrives at and participates in the [[Battle of the Morannon]] with the other eagles, and saves [[Frodo]] and [[Sam]] from the slopes of [[Mount Doom]].

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Gwaihir is first mentioned in chapter 1, in which [[Beleram]] tells that he has been sent by Gwaihir to gather news. Later on in the game, he makes a full appearance.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Main Gate''</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Gwaihir|Images of Gwaihir]]
* [[Great Eagle]] (the Eagle in ''The Hobbit'' that is sometimes mistaken as Gwaihir)

{{References}}
{{Eagles}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Eagles]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

[[de:Gwaihir]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:animaux:aigles:gwaihir]]
[[fi:Gwaihir]]

Great Signal

2023-12-07T03:27:26Z

Amandacil: Deleted the sentence, "At the same time another army issued from the Morannon heading for Cair Andros, probably set in motion by the same Great Signal". The entry for 10 March in Appendix B, which is the source for this sentence, merely says, "An army from Morannon takes Cair Andros and passes into Anórien". It never says that the army actually left the Morannon on 10 March, in fact, it's unlikely that they did, considering the army would have to reach Cair Andros in just one day.

{{events
| image=[[File:Ralph Damiani - Before the Storm.png|275px]]
| event=Great Signal
| othernames=
| date=[[10 March]] {{TA|3019}}
| location=[[Mordor]], [[Minas Morgul]]
| result=The Hosts of [[Sauron]] march
| partof=[[War of the Ring]]
| participants=
| description=A violent red flash from MordorBlue lightning from Minas Morgul
| references=
|}}
The '''Great Signal''', as [[Gorbag]] the Orc called it,<ref>{{TT|IV10}}, p. 738</ref> occurred on [[10 March]] {{TA|3019}}.<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}, p. 1093</ref> On that date, as [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] and [[Gollum]] urged the weary [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] to stand up and start climbing the [[Stairs of Cirith Ungol]], the ground shook and a vivid, violent red flash leapt up from within [[Mordor]], painting the clouds crimson, followed by a crack of thunder. The Signal was answered by [[Minas Morgul]]; blue lightning forked from the tallest tower and surrounding hills into the dark clouds.<ref name="Stairs">{{TT|IV8}}, pp. 705-6</ref>

The Great Signal was the call for the armies of Mordor to begin the assault upon [[Minas Tirith]]. As the hobbits and Gollum watched the gates of Minas Morgul opened and an army came forth, led by the [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]].<ref name="Stairs"/>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:In Scene 16, "Minas Morgul", the Great Signal occurs just after Sam and Gollum have prevented Frodo from walking straight up the road to the gates of the city. The eruption of light from Mordor happens off-screen in the form of an exploding sound and some light reflecting off Frodo, Gollum, Sam (the latter looking at it just before Minas Morgul reply) and nearby rocks; Minas Morgul signal consists of a swirling twister of luminous vapor shooting into the clouds above the central tower. The scene cuts to Minas Tirith where [[Gandalf]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] witness the Signal. Frodo, Sam, and Gollum rush back to the base of the stairs and hide behind an outcropping of rock. Soldiers and citizens of Minas Tirith are shown silently reacting in alarm to the sight. The Lord of the Nazgûl appears on a [[Fell Beasts|Fell Beast]] and the [[Orcs]] march from the city.

:In [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s text, the Great Signal happens three days ''after'' the lighting of the [[Warning beacons of Gondor]]. In the movie the sequence is reversed; in the morning after the Great Signal Gandalf sends Pippin climbing up to an unlit beacon looming over the City where he ignites it.

{{references}}
[[Category:Events]]
[[Category:Third Age]]
[[fi:Suuri merkki]]

War of the Ring

2023-12-04T00:53:00Z

Amandacil: /* Climax */ Deleted sentence that stated the Easterlings besieging Erebor began to fail after the Battle of Pelannor fields. They did not fail until after Sauron was defeated.

{{disambig-more|War of the Ring|[[War of the Ring (disambiguation)]]}}{{sources}}
{{War
| previous= [[Corsair Wars]]
| next=
| name=War of the Ring
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - Thus Came Aragorn.jpg|300px]]
| begin=[[20 June]] {{TA|3018}}
| end=[[3 November]] {{TA|3019}}
|place=Northwestern [[Middle-earth]]
|result=Victory for the [[Free Peoples]]
*Destruction of [[the One Ring]] and [[Sauron]]
*[[Reunited Kingdom|Restoration]] of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]]
*Start of the [[Dominion of Men]]
*The [[Three Rings]] lose their power
| battles=[[Sauron's attack on Osgiliath]], [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]], [[Battle of Isengard]], [[Battle of the Hornburg]], [[Assaults on Lothlórien]], [[Faramir's defence of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], [[Battle under the trees]], [[Battle of the Morannon]], [[Fall of Dol Guldur]], [[Battle of Dale]], [[Battle of Bywater]]
|side1=[[Army of the West|Host of the West]] [[Gondorians]] [[Rohirrim]] [[Bardings]] [[Rangers of the North]] [[Beornings]] [[Galadhrim]] [[Elves of Mirkwood]] [[Dwarves of Erebor]] [[Ents]] (and [[Huorns]]) [[Shire-hobbits]] [[Bucklanders]]
|side2=[[Orcs of Mordor]] [[Orcs of Dol Guldur]] [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] [[Orcs of Isengard]] [[Easterlings]] [[Haradrim]] [[Corsairs of Umbar]] [[Variags]] [[Dunlendings]]
|commanders1=
[[Gandalf]] † (resurrected)
 [[Aragorn]]
 [[Denethor]] †
 [[Imrahil]]
 [[Théoden]] †
 [[Éomer]]
 [[Brand]] †
 [[Dáin II Ironfoot]] †
 [[Thranduil]]
 [[Galadriel]]
 [[Celeborn]]
|commanders2=
[[Sauron]] †
 [[Saruman]] †
 [[Witch-king]] †
 [[Khamûl]] †
}}
{{wotr}}

{{Quote|So we come to it in the end, [...] the great battle of our time, in which many things shall pass away.|[[Théoden]] in ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Muster of Rohan]]"}}

The '''War of the Ring''' was the great conflict at the end of the [[Third Age]], named for [[the One Ring]] and the importance this had in the final outcome. The war was fought between [[Sauron]], the [[Dark Lord]] of [[Mordor]] who attempted to conquer [[Middle-earth]] as he nearly did in the [[Second Age]]; and the [[Free peoples]], being a loose alliance of [[Elves]], [[Dwarves]], [[Hobbits]], [[Ents]] and [[Men]] led by the [[Wise]]. [[Saruman]] participated both on Sauron's side and occasionally as a 'third power' based in [[Orthanc]].

Sauron at all times held the military advantage in the War, due to his overwhelming forces; not only [[Orcs]] and [[Trolls]], but [[Haradrim|Men of Harad]] and the [[East]]. His main objective was to overthrow [[Gondor]], his neighbour and the strongest of his enemies. He had such forces at his command, though, that he was able to fight the war on many fronts, simultaneously attacking [[Dale]], [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and the [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]] in the far north, and [[Lothlórien]] from his secondary stronghold at [[Dol Guldur]]. There can be no doubt that, had the Wise not achieved and maintained possession of the Ring, Sauron would ultimately have been victorious.

The policy of the Wise was based around the [[Quest of the Ring]]: a company of nine under the leadership of [[Gandalf]] travelled from [[Rivendell]] with the One Ring, with the hope of taking it to [[Orodruin]] in [[Mordor]] and there destroying it. As a consequence of much of Sauron's native power being within the ring, they realised that in unmaking it, they would also defeat its creator.

Having renounced the Wise, Saruman had become Sauron's two-faced servant. In an alliance with the [[Dunlendings]], and having [[Orcs]] at his command, he resolved to remove [[Rohan]] as a threat to his Dark Lord, but he also attempted to claim the Ring first when opportunities arose. Until late in the War, he held the advantage, defeating Rohan twice at the [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]].

==Background==
{{Seealso|Rings of Power|Third Age}}
Sauron had been defeated in the [[War of the Last Alliance]], but because of Isildur's refusal to destroy [[the One Ring]], he was not entirely vanquished. He survived in spirit form, and the foundations of Barad-dûr were also not destroyed. Sauron's spirit wandered the wastelands of Middle-earth for over 1000 years, but eventually he rebuilt his power and became a threat once again. Around {{TA|1000}}, the [[Valar]] sent [[Maiar]] [[Wizards|emissaries]] to [[Middle-earth]] to help the [[Free peoples]] against the growing evil.

Indeed, Orcs and other wicked things were multiplying and the [[Witch-king]] from his fortress in [[Angmar]] waged unending war against [[Arnor]]. [[Moria]] and [[Minas Ithil]] fell and were abandoned, among other battles, plagues, and catastrophes that ended the Kingdom of Arnor and the Royal line of [[Gondor]]. The evil entity known only as the [[Necromancer]] fled from [[Dol Guldur]] because of Gandalf, allowing for some centuries of calmness.

[[File:John Howe - Alert the Folk.jpg|thumb|left|''Alert the Folk'' by [[John Howe]]]]

In the meantime, Sauron's One Ring was found by two of the [[Stoors]] in the [[Gladden River]]. The Hobbit who got it, under its influence, was corrupted as [[Gollum]] and eventually retreated into the [[Goblin-town]] under the [[Misty Mountains]]. By the end of the Age, Sauron attempted to gather back all the Rings to augment his power. He took the Nine, but of the Seven he managed to reclaim only three, the last of them being the [[Ring of Thrór]]<ref>"the Nine [Sauron] has gathered to himself; the Seven also, or else they are destroyed." {{FR|Shadow}}</ref><ref>"You saw the Eye of him that holds the Seven and the Nine." {{FR|mirror}}</ref> but could not find the One.

[[Gandalf]] was concerned about the weak state of the North. [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] had destroyed both the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]] and the town of [[Dale]]. About [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] was a desolation that Sauron might use to regain the northern passes in the mountains and the old lands of [[Angmar]], not to mention the devastating effect of a living dragon in the Enemy's force. Gandalf, seeing no hope in [[Thorin]]'s plans of battle and war against Smaug, persuaded him that he should go secretly to Erebor to reclaim its treasure, and to take with him [[Bilbo Baggins]] of [[The Shire|the Shire]].<ref>{{UT|Quest}}</ref> Smaug was killed by [[Bard]], Erebor was retaken, and most importantly, the kingdoms of Erebor and Dale were re-established. In a small incident along the way, [[the One Ring]] was lost by [[Gollum]] and wound up in Bilbo's hands.<ref>{{H|Riddles}}</ref>

Around the time the War began, it is said that the [[Ithryn Luin]] had gained influence in the [[East]] and, thanks to their efforts, Sauron could not manage to gather as many people on his side.<ref>{{PM|Last}}</ref>

==History==
===Prelude===
{{quote|The Dark Tower had been rebuilt, it was said. From there the power was spreading far and wide, and away far east and south there were wars and growing fear. Orcs were multiplying again in the mountains. Trolls were abroad, no longer dull-witted, but cunning and armed with dreadful weapons. And there were murmured hints of creatures more terrible than all these, but they had no name.|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Shadow of the Past]]"}}

During the [[Quest of Erebor]], the [[White Council]] attacked Dol Guldur and the Necromancer withdrew. However, Sauron returned to his old abode in [[Mordor]] to reconstruct [[Barad-dûr]] and ten years after the fall of Smaug he sent three [[Nazgûl]] to reoccupy Dol Guldur. He declared himself openly in {{TA|2951}}. The [[White Council]] met for the last time in {{TA|2953}} to discuss the Rings of Power when Saruman reassured them that the One Ring had been lost forever in [[the Sea]]. After this, Saruman fortified Isengard, spied on Gandalf, learning thus his interest in the Shire, and started sending his agents around the Shire under the pretense of [[pipe-weed]] affairs.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref>

Sauron began reassembling his forces for the final blow against the hated remnants of Númenor and the Eldar. Armies of [[Easterlings]] from [[Khand]] and beyond the [[Sea of Rhûn]] reinforced Mordor, joined by men from South [[Harad]]. Orcs, trolls, and other foul beasts were multiplying while Sauron's servants were searching the Anduin for the One Ring. Meanwhile, Saruman's use of a palantíri caught the Dark Lord's notice and he used the [[Ithil-stone]] to ensnare him, turning him into a useful, yet not wholly trustworthy, minion.

A year before the war, while Gollum was looking for his ring, he was taken to Mordor and interrogated by Sauron, who learned that the One Ring was in the possession of a "[[Baggins]]" in a place called "the Shire". However, Sauron was led into thinking that the Shire was on the banks of the Gladden River.<ref name="hunt">{{UT|Hunt}}</ref> Gollum was then set free, but caught by [[Aragorn]], who placed him in the care of the [[Silvan Elves]] and held him in [[Mirkwood]].

A messenger from Mordor visited King [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II]] and asked information on Bilbo and the Ring. Meanwhile, Gandalf reading the [[Scroll of Isildur]] in [[Minas Tirith]], also realized that Bilbo's Ring was the One Ring.<ref name="council">{{FR|Council}}</ref>

===First conflicts===
[[File:Donato Giancola - Faramir at Osgiliath.jpg|thumb|left|''Faramir at Osgiliath'' by [[Donato Giancola]] ]]
Sauron made an [[Sauron's attack on Osgiliath|attack]] on [[Osgiliath]] on [[20 June]] of {{TA|3018}}, which was the beginning of the War. Sauron saw it as an opportunity to test [[Denethor|Denethor II]]'s strength. [[Boromir]] and [[Faramir]] managed to defend and destroy the ancient Bridge in order to deny the enemy access to the western side of the river.<ref name="AB"/><ref name="hunt"/>

About the same time the [[Elves]] of [[Mirkwood]] were attacked and during the fray, the captive [[Gollum]] escaped and would not be found nor by the Elves nor by Sauron's servants from Dol Guldur.<ref name="AB"/> The following months, Faramir led several [[Rangers of Ithilien|Ranger]] attacks deep into Mordor-occupied Ithilien, ambushing enemy armies moving to the Black Gate.

The presence of the Nazgûl in the battle of Osgiliath served to make them seem like a military asset against Gondor, concealing from the Wise their true mission, to hunt the Ring. After the assault, Sauron sent the Nine unclothed and invisible to search for the Ring under the leadership of the Witch-king. The Ringwraith [[Khamûl]] was unable to find "[[the Shire]]" in the vales of [[Anduin]]. The [[Witch-king]] searched north and west for Gollum or the Shire.<ref name="hunt"/> Gandalf heard from Radagast about the riders and went to [[Isengard]] for counsel, where Saruman showed his true colors and trapped him, for refusing to submit to Sauron or reveal the Ring's whereabouts.<ref name="council"/>

Sauron's plans were halted when he received word of the prophecy in Gondor and the doings of his turncoat [[Saruman]], and concluded that the [[Wise]] did not yet have possession of the Ring yet, as he feared. [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]] arrived at [[Isengard]] around [[18 September|September 18]], but Gandalf had escaped. Concealed behind the walls of Isengard, Saruman denied any knowledge and convinced the Witch-king that Gandalf alone knew where the Shire and the Ring was, and so the Nine passed into [[Rohan]] in search of him. A terrified [[Gríma|Wormtongue]] answered that Gandalf had passed through Rohan, where the Shire was, and even that Saruman had lied to them. The riders were divided into four pairs, and the Witch-King went with the swiftest to [[Minhiriath]]. Along the way, they captured several spies of Saruman and found charts and maps of the Shire. They sent along the spy to [[Bree]], warning them that they now belonged to Mordor, not Isengard.<ref name="hunt"/>

On [[22 September]], they came to [[Sarn Ford]]. Although the [[Dúnedain]] [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] were guarding the crossing, their chieftain [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was away and the Riders captured the ford, killing many of the Rangers. The Witch-king sent Khamûl and three Riders into the Shire while he went east with the others and then returned to watch the [[Greenway]].<ref name="AB">{{App|B3}}</ref> A Rider came to Hobbiton at nightfall, but failed to capture [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] who departed that same day carrying the Ring to the east.<ref name="hunt"/> The hunt continued to [[Buckland]] and Bree, aided by Sauron's spies, such as [[Bill Ferny]] and [[Harry Goatleaf]], but nonetheless, the Ring escaped them.<ref>{{FR|Strider}}</ref>

[[File:Mysilvergreen - The Council of Elrond.jpg|thumb|left|''The Council of Elrond'' by [[:Category:Images by Mysilvergreen|Mysilvergreen]]]]

In October, Frodo came to [[Rivendell]] and during his arrival, the Black Riders were temporarily neutralized and were forced to return to Mordor to regroup. Some days later, the [[Council of Elrond]] was called, where it was decided that the only way to be free of Sauron and the Ring was to cast the Ring into the [[Cracks of Doom|Crack of Doom]] in [[Mount Doom]]. Frodo surprised everyone, including himself, by declaring that he would take the Ring<ref name="council"/>. The [[Fellowship_of_the_Ring|team]] who would travel to Mordor departed Rivendell in December.<ref name="AB"/>

===Saruman's part in the War===
Saruman was caught now as a known traitor to the Free Peoples and a mendacious vassal of Sauron. To escape this precarious position he implemented a strategy of controlling the King of Rohan for his lord's ends, but also doubled his efforts in the search for the Ring: sending spies to waylay Frodo Baggins on his flight from the Shire, and dispatching raiding parties on likely routes a [[Fellowship of the Ring|company of travelers]] might take the Ring to Gondor. During the fall of the first year of the War, some [[Ruffians]] were sent to the Shire to gain control of the region, collecting the crops and suppressing any dissent to his expanding influence.
[[File: The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - First Battle of the Fords of Isen.jpg|thumb|The aftermath at Isen as seen in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'']]
He then endeavored to kill [[Théoden]] King's [[Théodred|son]] and [[Éomer|nephew]] and have full control of him. On [[25 February]], {{TA|3019}}, he sent his forces to attack [[Rohan]]'s army (commanded by [[Théodred]] and [[Grimbold]]) at the [[Isen]]. [[Dunlendings]], [[wolf-riders]] and [[Uruk-hai|Uruks]] clashed against the [[Rohirrim]] in the '''[[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]]''' with orders to slay Prince Théodred at any cost. [[Erkenbrand]] took command of the western defences of Rohan. He sent a messenger to [[Edoras]] to inform the King of the ill news and ask for reinforcements, but [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] delayed the message. [[Elfhelm]] joined [[Grimbold of Grimslade]] and were left in charge of the Fords when Erkenbrand tried to send stragglers to [[Helm's Deep]]. Saruman was successful in eliminating the Prince.<ref name="Isen">{{UT|Isen}}</ref>

The [[26 February|next day]] while the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Company of the Ring]] was in the [[Emyn Muil]] thinking whether to take the Ring to Minas Tirith or go directly to Mordor, Orcs from Isengard attempted to capture the Ring-bearer; but instead they took Merry and Pippin as prisoners.<ref>{{FR|Breaking}}</ref> Éomer hearing of the descent of the Orc-band set out from [[Eastfold]] against Théoden's orders and overtook them outside [[Fangorn Forest]], unknowingly setting the hobbits free.<ref name="AB"/><ref>{{TT|Riders}}</ref>

Having heard the news about Théodred's death, [[Erkenbrand]], who became the commander of Rohan's western armies, gathered the forces of Grimbold and Elfhelm to assault Isen once more in the '''[[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen]]''' ([[2 March]]). Though they had a force of about 2000 men and had constructed a shield wall to hold off the enemy, Saruman's forces overcame them and scattered the retreating Rohirrim across Rohan.<ref name="Isen"/><ref name="Deep">{{TT|Deep}}</ref>

Saruman's victory would not last; he did not know that on the very same day, Gandalf had healed Théoden from [[Gríma|Wormtongue]]'s influence. In the meantime, the [[Ents]] after ending their long [[Entmoot]], decided to go to [[Isengard]] and battle Saruman.<ref name="AB"/>
[[File: Alan Lee - The Battle of the Hornburg.jpg|thumb|right|''The Battle of the Hornburg'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
The next day ([[3 March]]), seeking to take the fight away from his people, Théoden brought around a thousand horsemen to the [[Fords of Isen]] along with any others in [[Edoras]]. Among this force were [[Éomer]], [[Aragorn]], [[Gimli]] and [[Legolas]]. On their way they found [[Ceorl]] who reported a defeat to the Fords; Théoden then redirected his troops to [[Helm's Deep]], which was commanded by [[Gamling]] in his lord Erkenbrand's absence. Against overwhelming odds, they fought the '''[[Battle of the Hornburg]]''' for two days against [[Uruk-hai]] and [[Dunlendings]], until the [[Deeping Wall]] was breached and all seemed lost. The surviving horsemen rode out to meet the hordes of Isengard.<ref name="Deep"/>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Wrath of the Ents.jpg|thumb|left|''The Wrath of the Ents'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
At that moment, [[Gandalf]] returned, bringing with him Erkenbrand and many other soldiers from [[Westfold]]. They attacked the army from the rear, driving the attackers back into a forest of [[Huorns]]. While Saruman suffered this military defeat, Isengard was attacked by a march of [[Ents]] in the '''[[Battle of Isengard]]''' who drowned all the valley.<ref name="Flotsam">{{TT|Flotsam}}</ref>

After the defeat of Saruman, Pippin looked in the [[Orthanc-stone]] and saw the [[Eye of Sauron]]; Gandalf believed that seeing the Hobbit, Sauron would imagine that the [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]] was caught by Saruman's orcs and that they could make good use of the delay caused by Dark Lord's confusion surrounding his minion's assumed betrayal.<ref name="Pal">{{TT|Palantir}}</ref> The protagonists of the War separated, anticipating Sauron's attack on Minas Tirith. Gandalf set out for Minas Tirith taking Pippin since he would not be safe. Théoden set out from the Hornburg for [[Harrowdale]].

Aragorn consulted the Stone of Orthanc and confronted Sauron subduing the stone’s power to his own will. In doing so, however, Aragorn has alerted Sauron to his existence as Isildur’s heir to the throne of Gondor. Gimli feared that Sauron would now release his forces sooner because of this revelation. Aragorn, however, hoped such a hasty move may weaken the Enemy’s attack<ref>{{RK|V2}}</ref>. They set out with the [[Grey Company]] to [[Dunharrow]] and took the [[Paths of the Dead]]. Théoden would come to Dunharrow.

===Sauron strikes===
On [[9 March]] fumes from Mordor veiled the [[Sun]] in an attempt by Sauron to disparage or misguide his enemies. The veil blacked out most of Gondor and Rohan who observed [[10 March|that day]] as the [[Dawnless Day]].<ref name="AB"/>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Nazgûl.jpg|thumb|''The Nazgûl'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Along with the Darkness, a host from [[Minas Morgul]] set forth toward Minas Tirith, as witnessed by Frodo, Sam, and Gollum who passed the [[Cross-roads]]. Later Orcs from the [[Morannon]] took [[Cair Andros]] and passed into [[Anórien]].<ref name="AB"/> [[Denethor|Denethor II]] called the [[Council of Gondor]] together on that day and it advised him to make no stroke of war against the enemy due to the threat from the south.<ref name=" siege"/>

The Rohirrim mustered their Riders and rode from Harrowdale, while Aragorn led the [[Oathbreakers|Army of the Dead]] and the Grey Company, across the river [[Ringló]].

While preparing against Gondor, Sauron also began campaigns to conquer [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]], activating his armies stationed in [[Dol Guldur]] and eastern allies. This would bring the eastern half of Middle-earth entirely into his dominion. On [[11 March]], Orcs from Dol Guldur [[assaults on Lothlórien|attacked]] [[Lothlórien]] and [[Eastemnet|Eastern]] Rohan. [[12 March|The next day]] the invaders of Rohan were utterly defeated by Ents.<ref name="AB"/>

In Gondor, Most of the citizens were sent north and west; except those in the arts of healing and boys who refused to leave. The same day, 3,000 men from [[Belfalas]], [[Dol Amroth]] and other places arrived to assist the garrison. But, it was less than a tenth of what was needed. Most that were needed were holding off the [[Corsairs of Umbar|Black Fleet]] of [[Umbar]].

[[Denethor|Denethor II]] sent Faramir to Osgiliath to [[Faramir's defence of Osgiliath|intercept the Morgul-host]]. The Witch-King led the assault upon the western side the next morning aided by boats built in secret, and swiftly overwhelmed the defenders and on [[13 March]] Faramir retreated to the [[Causeway Forts]]; Gandalf, upon learning the Witch-King was on the field, [[14 March|the next day]] went from the city to the Rammas Echor where the forces which had fallen back. It was taken by blasting stones, and a charge by Prince [[Imrahil]] and the Knights of [[Dol Amroth]] saved Faramir who fell wounded by an Easterling champion.

As Pelennor was overrun, Denethor sent a sortie of cavalry to assist the defenders who retreated back to the city. Denethor, upon seeing his son in this grave state, lost his will to fight and gave no more thought to the defence of his city. He was seriously wounded while [[Pelennor Fields|Pelennor]] was overrun. The [[Siege of Gondor]] began.<ref name="siege"/>

Meanwhile, invaders from [[Umbar]] and [[Harad]] who sought to capture [[Linhir]] and the fords of the River [[Gilrain]]. The men of [[Lamedon]] fought against them and the arrival of Aragorn with the Army of the Dead from [[Erech]] terrified both sides. As Aragorn pressed on to [[Pelargir]], [[Angbor]] mustered as many horsemen as he could, helped by the fast-spreading rumor of the return of the [[Heir of Isildur]]. Soon later the group reached Pelargir, drove the Corsairs away and captured their [[Black Ships|fleet]].<ref name="Debate">{{RK|Debate}}</ref>

===Climax===
On [[15 March]], three simultaneous battles occurred.

In [[Rhovanion]], an army was sent from [[Dol Guldur]] to destroy the realm of [[Thranduil]] and a second assault against Lothlórien was made. After a long [[battle under the trees]], and great ruin of fire<ref name="AB"/> the Orc hosts were defeated on both fronts on the same day.

In Gondor, after the enemy passed Osgiliath, [[Pelennor Fields|Pelennor]] outside Minas Tirith was overrun, despite the armies that gathered from southern Gondor already in the days before the battle. The hosts of Mordor dug pits and set up siege weapons beyond the city's range as the Nazgul swooped near the city uttering cries of death, demoralizing the defenders. Then the weapons began launching stones at the city, many of which would burst into flame as they came crashing down. Then, the heads of all those that had been slain in battle were flung over the city. The whole first level was soon in flames.<ref name="siege">{{RK|Siege}}</ref>
[[File:Stephen Hickman - Siege of Minas Tirith.jpg|thumb|''Siege of Minas Tirith'' by [[Stephen Hickman]]]]
Near midnight the Witch-King launched his assault pushing many defenders to the higher levels, while others were slain trying to reach the walls. Many towers were also destroyed as they rolled forward. <ref name="siege"/>

The Witch-King rode assisted by magic the battering ram [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]] as it hit the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith]]. As he entered the gate he was confronted by Gandalf who alone stood steadfast. Then a cock crowed and horn from the west sounded. The Witch-King left to deal with the Riders of Rohan at the Rammas Echor. The '''[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]''' began.<ref name="siege"/>

[[File:Anke Eißmann - The Black Serpent founders.jpg|thumb|left|''The Black Serpent founders'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
The combined army of Orcs, [[Haradrim]], [[Men of Rhûn]] and [[Men of Khand]], outnumbered the Rohirrim at least 10 to 1 but lost almost a third of their own forces. In the process, King Théoden was killed, and the Witch-King was destroyed by Théoden's niece, Lady [[Éowyn]] of Rohan. When all seemed lost, a fleet of enemy ships with black sails arrived at the landings to the south of the Pelennor in the Rammas, but it was actually manned by Aragorn. As his army drove north a great part of Mordor's forces were pinned between Aragorn and Éomer's cavalry and were "caught between the hammer and the anvil".

[[File:Jan Pospisil - Dale units vs. Rhun.jpg|thumb|The Battle of Dale. Art by [[:Category:Images by Jan Pospíšil|Jan Pospíšil]]]]
Meanwhile in the North, [[Easterlings]] crossed the [[Carnen]], and King [[Brand]] was driven back to [[Dale]]. He gathered there with the [[Dwarves of Erebor]], and engaged in the '''[[Battle of Dale]]''' against the Orcs at the feet of the [[Lonely Mountain]] for three days until ([[17 March]]) he fell alongside King [[Dáin Ironfoot]]. Many Dwarves and Men took refuge in [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and were besieged by the Easterlings.

===Sauron's defeat===
The [[16 March|next day]] it was understood that the army vanquished in the Battle of the Pelennor was only a fraction of Sauron's forces, and eventually Minas Tirith would not manage to withstand forever. [[Imrahil]] expressed concern for the defence of Gondor. Aragorn assured him that [[Angbor]] was marching with 4,000 men through [[Lossarnach]] to garrison Minas Tirith.<ref name="Debate"/>

The [[Host of the West]] marched from Minas Tirith on [[18 March]] to confront Sauron. During that course, Lothlórien was attacked for a third and last time by Orcs ([[22 March]]). After much destruction, the Elves repulsed them once again.

The Host of the West would meet Sauron's forces outside the gates of Mordor [[25 March|seven days later]], hoping to divert their attention away from the [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]], who was nearing the end of his mission.

[[File:Lída Holubová - Weak.jpg|thumb|left|''Weak'' by [[Lída Holubová]]]]
During the course of the '''[[Battle of the Morannon]]''' against [[Trolls]], Orcs and Men, the eight remaining Nazgûl attacked the army of the West. The [[Eagles]] of the [[Misty Mountains]], led by [[Gwaihir]], arrived and attacked the Ringwraiths. When all hope seemed lost, Frodo failed his mission: he claimed the One Ring for himself, and Sauron was suddenly aware that Frodo had the Ring and was in the [[Cracks of Doom]]. Finally realizing that his enemies meant to destroy his Ring, Sauron immediately sent the Nazgûl to Mount Doom to intercept Frodo. However, Gollum wrenched the Ring from Frodo but fell accidentally into the fire, destroying the Ring. The hosts of Mordor, suddenly without direction, hesitated as Sauron's power was overthrown.

The Nazgûl were all destroyed as they flew over Mount Doom just as it underwent a gigantic eruption. [[Barad-dûr]], the [[Black Gate]], and the [[Towers of the Teeth]] collapsed to ruin. The Orcs and other creatures of Sauron were completely directionless with the Dark Lord's demise and were easily decimated by the army of the West and the Easterlings eventually threw down their weapons and surrendered. <Ref name="Doom">{{RK|Doom}}</ref>

[[27 March|Two days later]], [[Bard II]] and [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III]] Stonehelm, taking the reign from their respective fathers who fell in the assault, drove the enemy from Dale.<ref name="AB"/>

[[File: Galadriel dol guldur bfmeII.JPG|thumb|right|The fall of Dol Guldur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'']]
On [[28 March]] with [[Celeborn]] at their head, Elves crossed the Anduin in many boats and stormed Dol Guldur. In the '''[[Fall of Dol Guldur]]''', Galadriel threw down the walls of the fortress and laid bare its pits, so that the forest was cleansed. Thranduil cleared all the orcs and foul beings from North Mirkwood.<ref name="AB"/>

===Scouring of the Shire===
The War did not end with the defeat of Sauron, for Saruman fled northward after the capture of Orthanc, and established himself in the Shire, bending the Hobbits to his will by threat of violence and the persuasive power of his voice. The return of Frodo Baggins and his companions from the coronation of King Elessar and the reunification of Gondor and Arnor, led to their arrest by the [[Shire-hobbits]] but they talked their way out.<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}</ref>

A small group of [[Ruffians]] was encountered, and Pippin declared the return of the King to them, and the message that emissaries were on their way. The group was routed, but managed to get a message to a bigger contingent in [[Waymeet]].<ref name="Scouring">{{RK|Scouring}}</ref> 20 Men marched from [[Hobbiton]] towards [[Bywater]], and 200 Bucklanders and [[Cotton Family|Cottons]] answered the call of Captain Merry's horn.
[[File:Inger Edelfeldt - The Scouring of the Shire.jpg|left|thumb|''The Scouring of the Shire'' by [[Inger Edelfeldt]]]]
The Men walked up [[Bywater Road]], to the point where [[Tolman Cotton Senior|Farmer Cotton]] was standing and found themselves heavily outnumbered. Their leader fell by arrows as he tried to strike at Merry. The rest surrendered. Pippin had set up a rebellion in [[Tookland]], and returned with one hundred Tooks when the larger group of Men from Waymeet arrived the following day and walked straight into a defensive pocket set up by Merry. Merry and Pippin charged from the eastern bank, and Merry killed the leader.<ref name="Scouring"/> Nearly 70 Men were killed and 12 were taken prisoner, while 19 Hobbits died and about 30 were wounded.

After their victory the Hobbits marched on to [[Bag End]], where they found [[Sharkey]]. It was not [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins|Lotho]] as had been thought, but rather [[Saruman]] who revealed that his servant [[Gríma]] killed Lotho. Gríma cut Saruman's throat in a rage for years of oppression and abuse but was himself shot by Hobbit archers. As the spirit of Saruman rose from its bodily form, it was blown away by a wind from the West; [[Manwë]] did not want him back.<ref name="Scouring"/>

This battle is considered to mark the end of the War.<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
{{main|Fourth Age}}
[[File:Anke Eißmann - The Steward and the King.jpg|thumb|''The Steward and the King'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
The consequences of the War were "apocalyptical" for the [[Westlands]] of [[Middle-earth]]. The ''status quo'' of many entities were restored, or even radically changed after centuries. Not only the millennia of Sauron's dominion were permanently brought to an end, but the relationships of peoples and races were redefined. It is also notable that during the War many personalities died (Denethor, Théoden, Brand, Dain), and brought their descendants into the aftermath.

The major effect of the war however was that with the destruction of the One Ring, the [[Three Rings]] that had maintained the realms of the Elves in Middle-earth lost their power, and the Elves began to leave for the [[Undying Lands]]; significant Elves who marked the history of the Westlands for millennia, like Galadriel and Elrond departed, setting stage for the [[Dominion of Men]].
===Political===
The downfall of Sauron brought the restoration of the long-awaited line of [[Kings of Gondor]], the restoration of [[Arnor]] and simultaneously the [[Reunited Kingdom|reunification]] of the two kingdoms; after of centuries of nomadic wandering the [[Rangers of the North]] had again a kingdom and the Gondorians had a king. This King was Aragorn II a descendant both of [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]]; furthermore, his marriage with [[Arwen]] reunited the lines of [[Elrond]] and [[Elros]] since the [[First Age]].
[[File:Sage - Reunited Kingdom.png|thumb|The Reunited Kingdom]]
Other political repercussions were the strengthening of the relationships between the Kingdom and [[Rohan]], new relationships with the [[Ents]] (who now occupied [[Treegarth]], former [[Isengard]]), the [[Woses]] and the [[Hobbits]], now known as free peoples. On the [[Elven New Year]], Celeborn and Thranduil renamed Mirkwood as [[Eryn Lasgalen]] and Celeborn took the southern part below [[East Bight]], naming it East Lórien. The wide forest inbetween was given to the [[Beornings]] and the [[Woodmen]].

===Calendrical impact===
{{quote|You were born at the end of a great age, [[Elanor Gamgee|Elanorellë]]|[[Samwise Gamgee]] in ''[[Sauron Defeated]]'', "[[The Epilogue]]"}}
All the above events made historians to mark the years following the War as the end of the [[Third Age]].

Another calendric change was the [[New Reckoning]] which replaced the [[Stewards' Reckoning]], and the introduction of ''[[Cormarë]]'', a holiday on [[25 March]] that commemorated the fall of Sauron.<ref>{{App|D2}}</ref>

==Combatants==
===Free Peoples===
*'''[[Gondor]]'''
**[[Minas Tirith]]
***[[Denethor|Denethor II]] †
***[[Boromir]] †
***[[Faramir]]
***[[Húrin (Warden of the Keys)|Húrin the Tall]]
**[[Dol Amroth]]
***[[Imrahil]]
**[[Lebennin]]
**[[Lossarnach]]
***[[Forlong]] the Fat †
**[[Ringló Vale]]
***[[Dervorin]] †
**[[Morthond]]
***[[Duinhir]]
***[[Duilin (son of Duinhir)|Duilin]] †
***[[Derufin]] †
**[[Anfalas]]
***[[Golasgil]]
**[[Lamedon]]
***[[Angbor|Angbor the Fearless]]
**Shipmen of [[Ethir Anduin]]
**[[Pinnath Gelin]]
***[[Hirluin]] the Fair †
**[[Men of the Mountains]]
***[[King of the Dead]] †
*'''[[Rangers of the North]]'''
**[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]
**[[Grey Company]] (with [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]])
***[[Halbarad]] †
*'''[[Rohan]]'''
**[[Théoden]] †
**[[Théodred]] †
**[[Éomer]]
**[[Éowyn]]
**[[Erkenbrand]]
**[[Elfhelm]]
**[[Grimbold]] †
*'''[[Woodland Realm]]'''
**[[Thranduil]]
**[[Legolas]]
*'''[[Lothlórien]]'''
**[[Celeborn]]
**[[Galadriel]]
*'''[[The Shire]]'''
**[[Hobbiton]]
***[[Frodo Baggins]]
***[[Samwise Gamgee]]
**[[Tookland]]
***[[Peregrin Took]]
**[[Buckland]]
***[[Meriadoc Brandybuck]]
*'''[[Fangorn Forest]]'''
**[[Treebeard]]
**[[Quickbeam]]
*'''[[Istari]]'''
**[[Gandalf]]
*'''[[Kingdom under the Mountain]]'''
**[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]] †
**[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]
**[[Gimli]]
*'''[[Dale]]'''
**[[Brand]] †
**[[Bard II]]

===Sauron and his minions===
[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Fleet of Harad.jpg|thumb|''The Fleet of Harad'' by [[Darrell Sweet]]]]
*'''[[Mordor]]'''
**[[Sauron]] †
**[[Mouth of Sauron]]
**[[Witch-king of Angmar]] †
**other 8 [[Nazgûl]] †
*'''[[Isengard]] and [[Dunland]]'''
**[[Saruman]] †
**[[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] †
*'''[[Harad]]'''
**a chieftain with a [[Black Serpent]] on his banner †
*'''[[Rhûn]]'''
*'''[[Khand]]'''
*'''[[Dol Guldur]]'''
**[[Khamûl]] †
** another Nazgûl as a messenger †
*'''[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]'''
*'''[[Umbar]]'''

==Non-combatants==
*'''[[Elvendom]]'''
**[[Rivendell]]
***[[Elrond]]
***[[Glorfindel]]
**[[Grey Havens]]
***[[Círdan]]
***[[Galdor of the Havens]]
*'''[[Istari]]'''
**[[Radagast]]
*'''[[Drúedain]]'''
**[[Ghân-buri-Ghân]]

{{References}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[Category:Wars]]
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/3a/guerres/guerre_de_l_anneau]]

Pelargir

2023-12-03T18:42:27Z

Amandacil: /* History */ Changed "war with the Balcoth" to "war with the Wainriders"

{{location infobox
| name=Pelargir
| image=[[File:Roger Garland - Middle-earth Panorama (Pelargir).jpg|250px]]
| caption="Middle-earth Panorama" showing Pelargir by [[Roger Garland]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Southern [[Gondor]] ([[Lebennin]]), on the [[Anduin]]
| type=City
| description=Main harbour of [[Gondor]]
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]
| created={{SA|2350}}<ref name=b1>{{App|B1}}</ref>
| destroyed=
| events=[[Kin-strife]] [[War of the Ring]]
}}

{{quote|At Pelargir the Heir of Isildur will have need of you.|[[Aragorn]] in ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Last Debate]]"}}

'''Pelargir''' was a great city on the river [[Anduin]], and the main harbour of [[Gondor]].

==History==
Pelargir was built in {{SA|2350}} as a haven of the [[Faithful]].<ref name=b1>{{App|B1}}</ref> The [[King's Men]] established havens farther South.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> It had in its early days been a city only a few miles away from the coasts, but after the [[Downfall of Númenor]] the coasts along the [[Bay of Belfalas]] had retreated a great distance and the city was left far inland.<ref>{{PM|Second}}</ref> Pelargir was one of the cities that assembled [[Gondor]] when it was founded in {{SA|3320}} by the Faithful.<ref name=b1/>

It became an even greater haven in the days of the [[Ship-kings]]. [[Tarannon Falastur]] built a great house there, with its roots in the water which he so dearly loved. His wife, [[Berúthiel]], did not, however, and preferred to live in [[Osgiliath]] with her [[Cats of Queen Berúthiel|cats]].<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> Tarannon's nephew [[Eärnil I]], who succeeded him, rebuilt Pelargir and built a great navy to conquer [[Umbar]].<ref name="Anarion">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

[[Castamir]] was highly loved in the shore regions of the land, and when he usurped the throne, he purposed to move the throne from Osgiliath to Pelargir.<ref name="Anarion"/> Though he did not do so, he did move his base there. [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]] turned the tide in the [[Kin-strife]] at the [[Battle of the Crossings of Erui]] in {{TA|1447}}, and Castamir's family, supporters and ships retreated to Pelargir. Eldacar [[Siege of Pelargir|besieged them by land]] until they were driven out, making their way to Umbar.<ref name="Anarion"/><ref name="tTA">{{App|TA}}</ref> Castamir's great-grandsons [[Angamaitë]] and [[Sangahyando]] eventually retook Pelargir in {{TA|1634|n}}, and slew king [[Minardil]].<ref name="Anarion"/><ref name="tTA"/>

Like his namesake, the great general [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] took up residence in Pelargir. His Army of the South was stationed there during the [[Wainrider/Balchoth War|long war with the Wainriders]]. News of the [[Disaster of the Morannon]] reached him on [[9 July]] {{TA|1944|n}}, and he set out to [[Battle of the Camp|battle]]. He returned victorious, and with the King and his sons slain, the general (of royal blood) was crowned King Eärnil II.<<ref name=Cirion/>

During the [[War of the Ring]], Pelargir was overrun by [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]] once again. Their fleet of some fifty great ships and many more smaller vessels laid in dock, ready to sail to [[Harlond (Gondor)|Harlond]]. It was not to be: On [[12 March]]<ref name=great>{{App|Great}}</ref> [[Aragorn]] and the [[Oathbreakers|Dead Men of Dunharrow]] struck fear into the men of Umbar, drove the enemy towards Pelargir and [[13 March|the next day]] they followed the enemy there,<ref name=great/> causing them to flee or dive into the river [[Anduin]]. After manning the Black Ships with [[Grey Company|his own troops]], Aragorn lifted the curse that followed the Dead Men since the day of [[Isildur]].<ref name="tLD">{{RK|Debate}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Pelargir'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Garth of Royal Ships".<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 535</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Pelargir''</ref> [[Christopher Tolkien]] has noted that the first element derives from the [[Elvish]] element/root ''[[PEL|pel-]]'' ("go round", "encircle").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''pel-''</ref> [[Paul Strack]] suggests that it is a compound of ''[[pêl]]'' ("fenced field") + the prefix ''[[ara|ar(a)-]]'' ("royal", "noble", "high") + [[lenition|lenited]] form of the plural ''cîr'' of ''[[cair]]'' ("ship").<ref name=Eldamo>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-363270689.html|articlename=S. ''Pelargir'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=07 February 2022}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Letter to Jennifer Brookes-Smith (28 July 1955)|Writing in a letter]] about an impending trip in [[1955]], Tolkien identified Pelargir as [[Wikipedia:Venice|Venice]].<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 462</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:Pelargir appears on a map when Gandalf explains the coming of the Black Ships.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Pelargir is one of the settings in which skirmishes can be fought.

'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Pelargir was built around the meeting of the rivers [[Sirith]] and [[Anduin]], on the eastern border of the Lower [[Lebennin]] area and the Central [[Gondor]] region, west of Upper Lebennin and Eastern Gondor. [[Aragorn]]'s retaking of Pelargir was featured in an Epic Battle and served as the climax of Book 2 of Volume IV. The city's emblem was a blue anchor on a white background, with gold trim. The city was divided into the West-garth, the East-garth, the Market Ward, the Shipwrights' Ward, the Court of the Ship-Kings, and Tol Ciryarani, though the latter was rendered inaccessible by a collapsed bridge by the time Aragorn liberated the city. Argillond, the Harbor of Royal Ships, was partitioned from the rest of the Great River by two sea-gates, one on the east and one on the west.

:Sirgon was Lord of the city during the [[War of the Ring]], and was captured and spirited away by [[Haradrim]] slavers when the city was captured. Sirgon's son Faltharan and his captain Thandor took command of the city following its liberation. Faltharan managed to rescue his mother and siblings, only to soon discover his brother Lorvegil had betrayed the city to the [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]], allowing it to fall. After apprehending Lorvegil, Faltharan discovered and rescued their father at the [[Warning beacons of Gondor|beacon]] Sirthanc in Upper Lebennin.

'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:After surviving the [[Udûn (episode)|eruption]] of [[Orodruin]] and [[The Eye|escaping]] the newly-named [[Mordor]], [[Bronwyn]] informs [[Galadriel]] upon a hilltop that she was planning on leading the surviving [[Pre-Númenóreans|Southlander]] remnant to Pelargir, which she refers to as "''an old [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] colony''".

{{references}}

{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Harbours]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Pelargir]]
[[fi:Pelargir]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/gondor/pelargir]]

Talk:Durin I

2023-11-30T21:35:11Z

Amandacil:

==Mannish "King", TÛR ==
A bit too speculative for my taste, tbf. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 04:31, 12 August 2008 (EDT)

== Move ==

To Durin? (Which redirects here anyway.) --{{User:Mith/sig}} 14:40, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

:Yes, that would be better, imho.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 15:47, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

::And merge with [[The Deathless]]. -- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 20:52, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

:::Indeed, +1 one on that too.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 21:00, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

== Age ==

I don't get why Durin should have reached the an age of "at least 2395 years". He was born several years before the Dwarves entered Beleriand in 1250 Y.T., alright. Where on earth do these 2395 years come from? It's the remaining time until Sun and Moon are created. But I don't how this is connected. He died before the First Age ended, indeed, but this actually means he could have died already in 1251 Y.T. There's absolutely NO evidence that he survived the Trees (except if there's mentioned somewhere that he knew Sun and Moon).
--[[User:Thalion|Thalion]] 20:42, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

== Reincarnation ==

This article uses the Nature of Middle-earth's explanation of reincarnation, that Durin's reincarnation is caused by his soul returning to his preserved body. But is that canon? Appendix A clearly says that the reincarnated Durins are "born" of Durin's Line, which is incompatible with the Nature of Middle-earth. [[User:Amandacil|Amandacil]] ([[User talk:Amandacil|talk]]) 21:34, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

Talk:Durin I

2023-11-30T21:34:28Z

Amandacil: /* Reincarnation */ new section

==Mannish "King", TÛR ==
A bit too speculative for my taste, tbf. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 04:31, 12 August 2008 (EDT)

== Move ==

To Durin? (Which redirects here anyway.) --{{User:Mith/sig}} 14:40, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

:Yes, that would be better, imho.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 15:47, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

::And merge with [[The Deathless]]. -- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 20:52, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

:::Indeed, +1 one on that too.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 21:00, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

== Age ==

I don't get why Durin should have reached the an age of "at least 2395 years". He was born several years before the Dwarves entered Beleriand in 1250 Y.T., alright. Where on earth do these 2395 years come from? It's the remaining time until Sun and Moon are created. But I don't how this is connected. He died before the First Age ended, indeed, but this actually means he could have died already in 1251 Y.T. There's absolutely NO evidence that he survived the Trees (except if there's mentioned somewhere that he knew Sun and Moon).
--[[User:Thalion|Thalion]] 20:42, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

== Reincarnation ==

This article uses the Nature of Middle-earth's explanation of reincarnation-that Durin's reincarnation is caused by his soul returning to his preserved body. But is that canon? Appendix A clearly says that the reincarnated Durins are "born" of Durin's Line, which is incompatible with the Nature of Middle-earth. [[User:Amandacil|Amandacil]] ([[User talk:Amandacil|talk]]) 21:34, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

Talk:Flói

2023-11-30T03:07:01Z

Amandacil: /* Buried? */ Reply

==Buried?==
The account of the Battle of Azanulbizar says that the Dwarves don't bury their dead in the eart. How come Floi was an exception? [[User:Sage|Sage]] 22:32, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

:Reading the account - and this is pure speculation on my part - Flói appears to be a specific killing. I would guess they didn't have time to make a proper stone cairn, so had to use earth instead. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 11:32, 30 June 2012 (UTC)
:Maybe being buried near the Mirrormere was considered an honor even if you weren't buried in stone. Of course, there wasn't enough room to bury everyone there during the Battle of Azanulbizar. [[User:Amandacil|Amandacil]] ([[User talk:Amandacil|talk]]) 03:07, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

Talk:Elostirion-stone

2023-11-29T17:06:09Z

Amandacil:

== Gildor's pilgrimage ==

It says that Gildor and his company where taking a pilgrimage to see the Elostirion-stone. The source is "Three is Company" in the Lord of the Rings, but that chapter never mentions a pilgrimage to the Tower Hills. I'm assuming the actual source is from The Road Goes Ever On, but I don't have that book so I can't check.[[User:Amandacil|Amandacil]] ([[User talk:Amandacil|talk]]) 18:48, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

Talk:Elostirion-stone

2023-11-29T17:00:38Z

Amandacil:

Talk:Elostirion-stone

2023-11-28T18:54:36Z

Amandacil: /* Gildor's pilgrimage */

Talk:Elostirion-stone

2023-11-28T18:48:44Z

Amandacil: /* Gildor's pilgrimage */ new section

== Gildor's pilgrimage ==

It says that Gildor and his company where taking a pilgrimage to see the Elostirion-stone. The source is "Three is Company" in the Lord of the Rings, but that chapter never mentions a pilgrimage to the Tower Hills. [[User:Amandacil|Amandacil]] ([[User talk:Amandacil|talk]]) 18:48, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

Trolls

2023-11-17T18:17:18Z

Amandacil: /* History */

{{cleanup}}
{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Trolls
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Three Trolls are turned to Stone (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| caption="The Three Trolls are turned to Stone" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (coloured by [[H.E. Riddett]])
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=Believed by [[Treebeard]] to be “made in mockery of” [[Ents]]
| location=[[Mordor]], [[Ettenmoors]]
| affiliation=Mostly [[Morgoth]] and [[Sauron]]
| rivalry=[[Ents]]
| language=[[Black Speech]], various Mannish tongues
| people=[[Cave-trolls]], [[Hill-trolls]], [[Mountain-trolls]], [[Olog-hai]], [[Snow-trolls]], and [[Stone-trolls]].
| members=[[William]], [[Tom]], [[Bert]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=Strong beasts with limited intellect
| height=Large
| hair=
| skin=Grey
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}

'''Trolls''' were large monsters of limited intellect. They were strong and vicious, but could not endure sunlight.

==History==
[[Morgoth]] created or corrupted Trolls during the [[First Age]] ("''twilight of the [[Elder Days]]''").<ref name=one>{{App|Other}}, p. 1132</ref> Their exact origins are unknown, though it is theorized by Treebeard that Trolls were "made in mockery of" [[Ents]], similar to the theory that [[Orcs]] were a twisted parody of the [[Elves]].

Whatever their exact origins were, Trolls were dull and unintelligent, and at least in their beginning, were as inarticulate as animals.<ref name="one" /> However, under [[Dark Lord]] they became more cunning and learned the language of [[Orcs]], and they were possibly even bred with the larger breeds of [[Orcs]].<ref>{{PM|II}}</ref>

Since the [[Elder Days]] Trolls were north of the [[Misty Mountains]], especially around the [[Ettenmoors]].<ref name=NM>{{NM|P3xvii}}</ref> Many Trolls died in the [[War of Wrath]], but some survived and joined the forces of [[Sauron]], the greatest surviving servant of Morgoth. In the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third]] Ages, Trolls were among Sauron's most dangerous warriors and breeds of the various kinds of Trolls could be seen in several conflicts.

[[Angmar]] was founded in their area, and while the witch-kingdom lasted (c. {{TA|1300}}–{{TA|1975|n}}) the Trolls's numbers increased, as did their wickedness. After the fall of Angmar, the Trolls retreated east of the Mountains, but in the 28th century they returned to [[Eriador]]. They even expanded to the west, occupying the hills from the mountains of the Ettenmoors up to the [[North Downs]], making dens. Trolls troubled the [[Rangers of the North]] who were around [[Angle (Eriador)|the Angle]], and a band threatened [[Arador]]'s house.<ref name=NM/>

In the Third Age, Sauron made the ''[[Olog-hai]]'', which were more powerful than earlier breeds of Trolls. While most Trolls cannot bear exposure to sunlight without turning to stone, the Olog-hai apparently could, something that made them particularly dangerous.

In the years leading up to the [[War of the Ring]], rumors reached [[the Shire]] that Trolls were abroad, more cunning than normal, armed with dreadful weapons.<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>

==Kinds of Trolls==
* [[Cave-trolls]]
* [[Hill-trolls]]
* [[Mountain-trolls]]
* [[Olog-hai]]
* [[Snow-trolls]]
* [[Stone-trolls]]
* [[Two-headed_Trolls|Some trolls]] are said to have more than one head,<ref>{{H|Mutton}}</ref> and some groups of [[Men]] were likened to [[Half-trolls|trolls]].

==Other names==
The [[Sindarin]] word for a "troll" is ''[[torog]]''.<ref name=one/> The [[Black Speech]] equivalent is ''[[olog]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 136</ref>

The name ''[[Rhudaur]]'' is translated by Tolkien as "Troll shaw", with ''[[rhû]]'' translated as "evil, wicked".<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 115, 170</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an early chart of different creatures, trolls are given the [[Qenya]] name ''maulir''. [[Patrick H. Wynne]] and [[Christopher Gilson]] have suggested that ''maulir'' is possibly related to Qenya ''maule'' ("crying, weeping"), thus perhaps "referring to cries made by these monsters or to the weeping of their victims".<ref>{{PE|14}}, pp. 7, 9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Trolls|Trolls]] were originally a part of the [[Norse mythology]] (as a negative synonym for ''jötunn'', "[[giants]]") and [[Wikipedia:Scandinavian folklore|Scandinavian folklore]] (as ugly, large creatures of remote wildlife areas).

==Other fiction==
In ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' are mentioned the "wood-trolls" (translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] from the [[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (poem)|manuscript]] word ''[[wodwo]]s'').<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 555</ref> The latter word is related to [[Woses]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Trolls in adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbit (1966 film) - Groan.png|A "Groan" in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Trolls.png|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Cave-troll.jpg|A cave-troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Troll.jpg|A troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Bert, Bill and Tom.jpg|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Treason of Isengard - Concept art Troll.jpg|Concept art of a '''troll''' for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Treason of Isengard]]''
}}

===Films===
'''[[1966]]: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The three Trolls' position in the narrative was taken by two creatures called "Groans".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://genedeitchcredits.com/roll-the-credits/40-william-l-snyder/#comment-5311|articlename=Comment 5311|dated=25-July-2012|website=[http://genedeitchcredits.com/ genedeitchcredits]|accessed=17-October-2012}}</ref> They had wooden, bark-like skin, and, instead of stone, turned into dead trees when exposed to sunlight.

'''[[1978]]: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The Troll that attempts to enter Balin's Tomb is depicted as a shadowy creature with dark green fur. Unlike in the novel, its feet have toes. It is the only Troll seen in the film.

===Games===
'''[[2002]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Like in the film adaptation of ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', a Cave-troll serves as the boss of the "Balin's Tomb" level. A pair of Cave-trolls also serve as the bosses of the "Hornburg Courtyard" level. Also unique to this game are a new breed of Troll known as "Forest-trolls", which appear in several levels including "Fangorn Forest" and "Breached Wall".

'''[[2003]]: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:In addition to the three Stone-trolls from the book, a Cave-troll was intended to appear during the "Over Hill and Under Hill" level in the PC and console versions, where it would have served as the level's boss. Even though the encounter was cut from the final version of the game, Bilbo still mentions the troll to Gandalf when he reunites with [[Thorin and Company]], and [[Kili]] informs Bilbo that Trolls are known to live in the Misty Mountains, and hopes Bilbo didn't encounter any while he was separated.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Over Hill and Under Hill"</ref>
:Third-party trainer programs for the PC version allow the boss battle to be reintegrated into the game. Like the three Stone-trolls, the Cave Troll would have been capable of speaking [[Westron]], as shown during its introductory cutscene where it complains about having a toothache. Defeating it would have yielded the Troll Key which, in the final version of the game, instead lays on the floor for Bilbo to take without having to kill any of the creatures that guard it.

'''[[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Compared to other enemies, Trolls are much stronger. Trolls first appear in [[Fornost]], where one traps [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref> Another troll appears at the end of the level, where Eradan, Andriel and Farin have to protect [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]. When this Troll is killed, the player is able to enter the Citadel to confront [[Tharzog]] and [[Agandaûr]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref>
'''[[2014]]: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'':'''
:The Udûn and Sea of Nûrnen regions of Mordor are inhabited by large troll-like creatures known as "Olog Graugs". According to their Nature article in the Appendices menu, Sauron intends to use the Graug to crossbreed with ordinary Trolls, and create a new breed of "hill-trolls" that can withstand direct sunlight. Graugs are very rare in the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions of the game due to technical limitations, but are more abundant in the PS4, PC, and Xbox One versions.

{{references}}
[[Category:Races]]
[[Category:Trolls| ]]
[[Category:Servants of Melkor]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[de:Trolle]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/trolls/trolls]]
[[fi:Peikot]]

Trolls

2023-11-17T18:16:10Z

Amandacil: /* History */

{{cleanup}}
{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Trolls
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Three Trolls are turned to Stone (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| caption="The Three Trolls are turned to Stone" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (coloured by [[H.E. Riddett]])
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=Believed by [[Treebeard]] to be “made in mockery of” [[Ents]]
| location=[[Mordor]], [[Ettenmoors]]
| affiliation=Mostly [[Morgoth]] and [[Sauron]]
| rivalry=[[Ents]]
| language=[[Black Speech]], various Mannish tongues
| people=[[Cave-trolls]], [[Hill-trolls]], [[Mountain-trolls]], [[Olog-hai]], [[Snow-trolls]], and [[Stone-trolls]].
| members=[[William]], [[Tom]], [[Bert]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=Strong beasts with limited intellect
| height=Large
| hair=
| skin=Grey
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}

'''Trolls''' were large monsters of limited intellect. They were strong and vicious, but could not endure sunlight.

==History==
[[Morgoth]] created or corrupted Trolls during the [[First Age]] ("''twilight of the [[Elder Days]]''").<ref name=one>{{App|Other}}, p. 1132</ref> Their exact origins are unknown, though it is theorized by Treebeard that Trolls were "made in mockery of" [[Ents]], similar to the theory that [[Orcs]] were a twisted parody of the [[Elves]].

Whatever their exact origins were, Trolls were dull and unintelligent, and at least in their beginning, were as inarticulate as animals.<ref name="one" /> However, under [[Dark Lord]] they became more cunning and learned the language of [[Orcs]], and they were possibly even bred with the larger breeds of [[Orcs]].<ref><nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{PM|II}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki></ref>

Since the [[Elder Days]] Trolls were north of the [[Misty Mountains]], especially around the [[Ettenmoors]].<ref name=NM>{{NM|P3xvii}}</ref> Many Trolls died in the [[War of Wrath]], but some survived and joined the forces of [[Sauron]], the greatest surviving servant of Morgoth. In the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third]] Ages, Trolls were among Sauron's most dangerous warriors and breeds of the various kinds of Trolls could be seen in several conflicts.

[[Angmar]] was founded in their area, and while the witch-kingdom lasted (c. {{TA|1300}}–{{TA|1975|n}}) the Trolls's numbers increased, as did their wickedness. After the fall of Angmar, the Trolls retreated east of the Mountains, but in the 28th century they returned to [[Eriador]]. They even expanded to the west, occupying the hills from the mountains of the Ettenmoors up to the [[North Downs]], making dens. Trolls troubled the [[Rangers of the North]] who were around [[Angle (Eriador)|the Angle]], and a band threatened [[Arador]]'s house.<ref name=NM/>

In the Third Age, Sauron made the ''[[Olog-hai]]'', which were more powerful than earlier breeds of Trolls. While most Trolls cannot bear exposure to sunlight without turning to stone, the Olog-hai apparently could, something that made them particularly dangerous.

In the years leading up to the [[War of the Ring]], rumors reached [[the Shire]] that Trolls were abroad, more cunning than normal, armed with dreadful weapons.<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>

==Kinds of Trolls==
* [[Cave-trolls]]
* [[Hill-trolls]]
* [[Mountain-trolls]]
* [[Olog-hai]]
* [[Snow-trolls]]
* [[Stone-trolls]]
* [[Two-headed_Trolls|Some trolls]] are said to have more than one head,<ref>{{H|Mutton}}</ref> and some groups of [[Men]] were likened to [[Half-trolls|trolls]].

==Other names==
The [[Sindarin]] word for a "troll" is ''[[torog]]''.<ref name=one/> The [[Black Speech]] equivalent is ''[[olog]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 136</ref>

The name ''[[Rhudaur]]'' is translated by Tolkien as "Troll shaw", with ''[[rhû]]'' translated as "evil, wicked".<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 115, 170</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an early chart of different creatures, trolls are given the [[Qenya]] name ''maulir''. [[Patrick H. Wynne]] and [[Christopher Gilson]] have suggested that ''maulir'' is possibly related to Qenya ''maule'' ("crying, weeping"), thus perhaps "referring to cries made by these monsters or to the weeping of their victims".<ref>{{PE|14}}, pp. 7, 9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Trolls|Trolls]] were originally a part of the [[Norse mythology]] (as a negative synonym for ''jötunn'', "[[giants]]") and [[Wikipedia:Scandinavian folklore|Scandinavian folklore]] (as ugly, large creatures of remote wildlife areas).

==Other fiction==
In ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' are mentioned the "wood-trolls" (translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] from the [[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (poem)|manuscript]] word ''[[wodwo]]s'').<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 555</ref> The latter word is related to [[Woses]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Trolls in adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbit (1966 film) - Groan.png|A "Groan" in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Trolls.png|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Cave-troll.jpg|A cave-troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Troll.jpg|A troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Bert, Bill and Tom.jpg|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Treason of Isengard - Concept art Troll.jpg|Concept art of a '''troll''' for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Treason of Isengard]]''
}}

===Films===
'''[[1966]]: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The three Trolls' position in the narrative was taken by two creatures called "Groans".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://genedeitchcredits.com/roll-the-credits/40-william-l-snyder/#comment-5311|articlename=Comment 5311|dated=25-July-2012|website=[http://genedeitchcredits.com/ genedeitchcredits]|accessed=17-October-2012}}</ref> They had wooden, bark-like skin, and, instead of stone, turned into dead trees when exposed to sunlight.

'''[[1978]]: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The Troll that attempts to enter Balin's Tomb is depicted as a shadowy creature with dark green fur. Unlike in the novel, its feet have toes. It is the only Troll seen in the film.

===Games===
'''[[2002]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Like in the film adaptation of ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', a Cave-troll serves as the boss of the "Balin's Tomb" level. A pair of Cave-trolls also serve as the bosses of the "Hornburg Courtyard" level. Also unique to this game are a new breed of Troll known as "Forest-trolls", which appear in several levels including "Fangorn Forest" and "Breached Wall".

'''[[2003]]: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:In addition to the three Stone-trolls from the book, a Cave-troll was intended to appear during the "Over Hill and Under Hill" level in the PC and console versions, where it would have served as the level's boss. Even though the encounter was cut from the final version of the game, Bilbo still mentions the troll to Gandalf when he reunites with [[Thorin and Company]], and [[Kili]] informs Bilbo that Trolls are known to live in the Misty Mountains, and hopes Bilbo didn't encounter any while he was separated.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Over Hill and Under Hill"</ref>
:Third-party trainer programs for the PC version allow the boss battle to be reintegrated into the game. Like the three Stone-trolls, the Cave Troll would have been capable of speaking [[Westron]], as shown during its introductory cutscene where it complains about having a toothache. Defeating it would have yielded the Troll Key which, in the final version of the game, instead lays on the floor for Bilbo to take without having to kill any of the creatures that guard it.

'''[[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Compared to other enemies, Trolls are much stronger. Trolls first appear in [[Fornost]], where one traps [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref> Another troll appears at the end of the level, where Eradan, Andriel and Farin have to protect [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]. When this Troll is killed, the player is able to enter the Citadel to confront [[Tharzog]] and [[Agandaûr]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref>
'''[[2014]]: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'':'''
:The Udûn and Sea of Nûrnen regions of Mordor are inhabited by large troll-like creatures known as "Olog Graugs". According to their Nature article in the Appendices menu, Sauron intends to use the Graug to crossbreed with ordinary Trolls, and create a new breed of "hill-trolls" that can withstand direct sunlight. Graugs are very rare in the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions of the game due to technical limitations, but are more abundant in the PS4, PC, and Xbox One versions.

{{references}}
[[Category:Races]]
[[Category:Trolls| ]]
[[Category:Servants of Melkor]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[de:Trolle]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/trolls/trolls]]
[[fi:Peikot]]

Trolls

2023-11-17T18:09:13Z

Amandacil: /* History */

{{cleanup}}
{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Trolls
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Three Trolls are turned to Stone (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| caption="The Three Trolls are turned to Stone" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (coloured by [[H.E. Riddett]])
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=Believed by [[Treebeard]] to be “made in mockery of” [[Ents]]
| location=[[Mordor]], [[Ettenmoors]]
| affiliation=Mostly [[Morgoth]] and [[Sauron]]
| rivalry=[[Ents]]
| language=[[Black Speech]], various Mannish tongues
| people=[[Cave-trolls]], [[Hill-trolls]], [[Mountain-trolls]], [[Olog-hai]], [[Snow-trolls]], and [[Stone-trolls]].
| members=[[William]], [[Tom]], [[Bert]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=Strong beasts with limited intellect
| height=Large
| hair=
| skin=Grey
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}

'''Trolls''' were large monsters of limited intellect. They were strong and vicious, but could not endure sunlight.

==History==
[[Morgoth]] created or corrupted Trolls during the [[First Age]] ("''twilight of the [[Elder Days]]''").<ref name=one>{{App|Other}}, p. 1132</ref> Their exact origins are unknown, though it is theorized by Treebeard that Trolls were "made in mockery of" [[Ents]], similar to the theory that [[Orcs]] were a twisted parody of the [[Elves]].

Whatever their exact origins were, Trolls were dull and unintelligent, and at least in their beginning, were as inarticulate as animals.<ref name="one" /> However, under [[Dark Lord]] they became more cunning and learned the language of [[Orcs]], and they were possibly even bred with the larger breeds of [[Orcs]].<ref><ref>{{PM|}}</ref></ref>

Since the [[Elder Days]] Trolls were north of the [[Misty Mountains]], especially around the [[Ettenmoors]].<ref name=NM>{{NM|P3xvii}}</ref> Many Trolls died in the [[War of Wrath]], but some survived and joined the forces of [[Sauron]], the greatest surviving servant of Morgoth. In the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third]] Ages, Trolls were among Sauron's most dangerous warriors and breeds of the various kinds of Trolls could be seen in several conflicts.

[[Angmar]] was founded in their area, and while the witch-kingdom lasted (c. {{TA|1300}}–{{TA|1975|n}}) the Trolls's numbers increased, as did their wickedness. After the fall of Angmar, the Trolls retreated east of the Mountains, but in the 28th century they returned to [[Eriador]]. They even expanded to the west, occupying the hills from the mountains of the Ettenmoors up to the [[North Downs]], making dens. Trolls troubled the [[Rangers of the North]] who were around [[Angle (Eriador)|the Angle]], and a band threatened [[Arador]]'s house.<ref name=NM/>

In the Third Age, Sauron made the ''[[Olog-hai]]'', which were more powerful than earlier breeds of Trolls. While most Trolls cannot bear exposure to sunlight without turning to stone, the Olog-hai apparently could, something that made them particularly dangerous.

In the years leading up to the [[War of the Ring]], rumors reached [[the Shire]] that Trolls were abroad, more cunning than normal, armed with dreadful weapons.<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>

==Kinds of Trolls==
* [[Cave-trolls]]
* [[Hill-trolls]]
* [[Mountain-trolls]]
* [[Olog-hai]]
* [[Snow-trolls]]
* [[Stone-trolls]]
* [[Two-headed_Trolls|Some trolls]] are said to have more than one head,<ref>{{H|Mutton}}</ref> and some groups of [[Men]] were likened to [[Half-trolls|trolls]].

==Other names==
The [[Sindarin]] word for a "troll" is ''[[torog]]''.<ref name=one/> The [[Black Speech]] equivalent is ''[[olog]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 136</ref>

The name ''[[Rhudaur]]'' is translated by Tolkien as "Troll shaw", with ''[[rhû]]'' translated as "evil, wicked".<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 115, 170</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an early chart of different creatures, trolls are given the [[Qenya]] name ''maulir''. [[Patrick H. Wynne]] and [[Christopher Gilson]] have suggested that ''maulir'' is possibly related to Qenya ''maule'' ("crying, weeping"), thus perhaps "referring to cries made by these monsters or to the weeping of their victims".<ref>{{PE|14}}, pp. 7, 9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Trolls|Trolls]] were originally a part of the [[Norse mythology]] (as a negative synonym for ''jötunn'', "[[giants]]") and [[Wikipedia:Scandinavian folklore|Scandinavian folklore]] (as ugly, large creatures of remote wildlife areas).

==Other fiction==
In ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' are mentioned the "wood-trolls" (translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] from the [[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (poem)|manuscript]] word ''[[wodwo]]s'').<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 555</ref> The latter word is related to [[Woses]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Trolls in adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbit (1966 film) - Groan.png|A "Groan" in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Trolls.png|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Cave-troll.jpg|A cave-troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Troll.jpg|A troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Bert, Bill and Tom.jpg|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Treason of Isengard - Concept art Troll.jpg|Concept art of a '''troll''' for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Treason of Isengard]]''
}}

===Films===
'''[[1966]]: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The three Trolls' position in the narrative was taken by two creatures called "Groans".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://genedeitchcredits.com/roll-the-credits/40-william-l-snyder/#comment-5311|articlename=Comment 5311|dated=25-July-2012|website=[http://genedeitchcredits.com/ genedeitchcredits]|accessed=17-October-2012}}</ref> They had wooden, bark-like skin, and, instead of stone, turned into dead trees when exposed to sunlight.

'''[[1978]]: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The Troll that attempts to enter Balin's Tomb is depicted as a shadowy creature with dark green fur. Unlike in the novel, its feet have toes. It is the only Troll seen in the film.

===Games===
'''[[2002]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Like in the film adaptation of ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', a Cave-troll serves as the boss of the "Balin's Tomb" level. A pair of Cave-trolls also serve as the bosses of the "Hornburg Courtyard" level. Also unique to this game are a new breed of Troll known as "Forest-trolls", which appear in several levels including "Fangorn Forest" and "Breached Wall".

'''[[2003]]: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:In addition to the three Stone-trolls from the book, a Cave-troll was intended to appear during the "Over Hill and Under Hill" level in the PC and console versions, where it would have served as the level's boss. Even though the encounter was cut from the final version of the game, Bilbo still mentions the troll to Gandalf when he reunites with [[Thorin and Company]], and [[Kili]] informs Bilbo that Trolls are known to live in the Misty Mountains, and hopes Bilbo didn't encounter any while he was separated.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Over Hill and Under Hill"</ref>
:Third-party trainer programs for the PC version allow the boss battle to be reintegrated into the game. Like the three Stone-trolls, the Cave Troll would have been capable of speaking [[Westron]], as shown during its introductory cutscene where it complains about having a toothache. Defeating it would have yielded the Troll Key which, in the final version of the game, instead lays on the floor for Bilbo to take without having to kill any of the creatures that guard it.

'''[[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Compared to other enemies, Trolls are much stronger. Trolls first appear in [[Fornost]], where one traps [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref> Another troll appears at the end of the level, where Eradan, Andriel and Farin have to protect [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]. When this Troll is killed, the player is able to enter the Citadel to confront [[Tharzog]] and [[Agandaûr]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref>
'''[[2014]]: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'':'''
:The Udûn and Sea of Nûrnen regions of Mordor are inhabited by large troll-like creatures known as "Olog Graugs". According to their Nature article in the Appendices menu, Sauron intends to use the Graug to crossbreed with ordinary Trolls, and create a new breed of "hill-trolls" that can withstand direct sunlight. Graugs are very rare in the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions of the game due to technical limitations, but are more abundant in the PS4, PC, and Xbox One versions.

{{references}}
[[Category:Races]]
[[Category:Trolls| ]]
[[Category:Servants of Melkor]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[de:Trolle]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/trolls/trolls]]
[[fi:Peikot]]

Trolls

2023-11-17T18:07:53Z

Amandacil: /* History */ Added that Trolls are unintelligent. Added that Trolls originally had no language until they learned the language of the Orcs, and added that some Trolls were bred with Orcs.

{{cleanup}}
{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Trolls
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Three Trolls are turned to Stone (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|250px]]
| caption="The Three Trolls are turned to Stone" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (coloured by [[H.E. Riddett]])
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=Believed by [[Treebeard]] to be “made in mockery of” [[Ents]]
| location=[[Mordor]], [[Ettenmoors]]
| affiliation=Mostly [[Morgoth]] and [[Sauron]]
| rivalry=[[Ents]]
| language=[[Black Speech]], various Mannish tongues
| people=[[Cave-trolls]], [[Hill-trolls]], [[Mountain-trolls]], [[Olog-hai]], [[Snow-trolls]], and [[Stone-trolls]].
| members=[[William]], [[Tom]], [[Bert]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=Strong beasts with limited intellect
| height=Large
| hair=
| skin=Grey
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}

'''Trolls''' were large monsters of limited intellect. They were strong and vicious, but could not endure sunlight.

==History==
[[Morgoth]] created or corrupted Trolls during the [[First Age]] ("''twilight of the [[Elder Days]]''").<ref name=one>{{App|Other}}, p. 1132</ref> Their exact origins are unknown, though it is theorized by Treebeard that Trolls were "made in mockery of" [[Ents]], similar to the theory that [[Orcs]] were a twisted parody of the [[Elves]].

Whatever their exact origins were, Trolls were dull and unintelligent, and at least in their beginning, were as inarticulate as animals.<ref name="one" /> However, under [[Dark Lord]] they became more cunning and learned the language of [[Orcs]], and they were possibly even bred with the larger breeds of [[Orcs]].<ref><ref>{{PM|p. 36}}</ref></ref>

Since the [[Elder Days]] Trolls were north of the [[Misty Mountains]], especially around the [[Ettenmoors]].<ref name=NM>{{NM|P3xvii}}</ref> Many Trolls died in the [[War of Wrath]], but some survived and joined the forces of [[Sauron]], the greatest surviving servant of Morgoth. In the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third]] Ages, Trolls were among Sauron's most dangerous warriors and breeds of the various kinds of Trolls could be seen in several conflicts.

[[Angmar]] was founded in their area, and while the witch-kingdom lasted (c. {{TA|1300}}–{{TA|1975|n}}) the Trolls's numbers increased, as did their wickedness. After the fall of Angmar, the Trolls retreated east of the Mountains, but in the 28th century they returned to [[Eriador]]. They even expanded to the west, occupying the hills from the mountains of the Ettenmoors up to the [[North Downs]], making dens. Trolls troubled the [[Rangers of the North]] who were around [[Angle (Eriador)|the Angle]], and a band threatened [[Arador]]'s house.<ref name=NM/>

In the Third Age, Sauron made the ''[[Olog-hai]]'', which were more powerful than earlier breeds of Trolls. While most Trolls cannot bear exposure to sunlight without turning to stone, the Olog-hai apparently could, something that made them particularly dangerous.

In the years leading up to the [[War of the Ring]], rumors reached [[the Shire]] that Trolls were abroad, more cunning than normal, armed with dreadful weapons.<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>

==Kinds of Trolls==
* [[Cave-trolls]]
* [[Hill-trolls]]
* [[Mountain-trolls]]
* [[Olog-hai]]
* [[Snow-trolls]]
* [[Stone-trolls]]
* [[Two-headed_Trolls|Some trolls]] are said to have more than one head,<ref>{{H|Mutton}}</ref> and some groups of [[Men]] were likened to [[Half-trolls|trolls]].

==Other names==
The [[Sindarin]] word for a "troll" is ''[[torog]]''.<ref name=one/> The [[Black Speech]] equivalent is ''[[olog]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 136</ref>

The name ''[[Rhudaur]]'' is translated by Tolkien as "Troll shaw", with ''[[rhû]]'' translated as "evil, wicked".<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 115, 170</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In an early chart of different creatures, trolls are given the [[Qenya]] name ''maulir''. [[Patrick H. Wynne]] and [[Christopher Gilson]] have suggested that ''maulir'' is possibly related to Qenya ''maule'' ("crying, weeping"), thus perhaps "referring to cries made by these monsters or to the weeping of their victims".<ref>{{PE|14}}, pp. 7, 9</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Wikipedia:Trolls|Trolls]] were originally a part of the [[Norse mythology]] (as a negative synonym for ''jötunn'', "[[giants]]") and [[Wikipedia:Scandinavian folklore|Scandinavian folklore]] (as ugly, large creatures of remote wildlife areas).

==Other fiction==
In ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'' are mentioned the "wood-trolls" (translated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] from the [[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (poem)|manuscript]] word ''[[wodwo]]s'').<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 555</ref> The latter word is related to [[Woses]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Trolls in adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbit (1966 film) - Groan.png|A "Groan" in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Trolls.png|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Cave-troll.jpg|A cave-troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Troll.jpg|A troll in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Bert, Bill and Tom.jpg|[[William]], [[Tom]] and [[Bert]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Treason of Isengard - Concept art Troll.jpg|Concept art of a '''troll''' for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Treason of Isengard]]''
}}

===Films===
'''[[1966]]: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The three Trolls' position in the narrative was taken by two creatures called "Groans".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Gene Deitch]]|articleurl=http://genedeitchcredits.com/roll-the-credits/40-william-l-snyder/#comment-5311|articlename=Comment 5311|dated=25-July-2012|website=[http://genedeitchcredits.com/ genedeitchcredits]|accessed=17-October-2012}}</ref> They had wooden, bark-like skin, and, instead of stone, turned into dead trees when exposed to sunlight.

'''[[1978]]: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The Troll that attempts to enter Balin's Tomb is depicted as a shadowy creature with dark green fur. Unlike in the novel, its feet have toes. It is the only Troll seen in the film.

===Games===
'''[[2002]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Like in the film adaptation of ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', a Cave-troll serves as the boss of the "Balin's Tomb" level. A pair of Cave-trolls also serve as the bosses of the "Hornburg Courtyard" level. Also unique to this game are a new breed of Troll known as "Forest-trolls", which appear in several levels including "Fangorn Forest" and "Breached Wall".

'''[[2003]]: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:In addition to the three Stone-trolls from the book, a Cave-troll was intended to appear during the "Over Hill and Under Hill" level in the PC and console versions, where it would have served as the level's boss. Even though the encounter was cut from the final version of the game, Bilbo still mentions the troll to Gandalf when he reunites with [[Thorin and Company]], and [[Kili]] informs Bilbo that Trolls are known to live in the Misty Mountains, and hopes Bilbo didn't encounter any while he was separated.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Over Hill and Under Hill"</ref>
:Third-party trainer programs for the PC version allow the boss battle to be reintegrated into the game. Like the three Stone-trolls, the Cave Troll would have been capable of speaking [[Westron]], as shown during its introductory cutscene where it complains about having a toothache. Defeating it would have yielded the Troll Key which, in the final version of the game, instead lays on the floor for Bilbo to take without having to kill any of the creatures that guard it.

'''[[2011]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Compared to other enemies, Trolls are much stronger. Trolls first appear in [[Fornost]], where one traps [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref> Another troll appears at the end of the level, where Eradan, Andriel and Farin have to protect [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]. When this Troll is killed, the player is able to enter the Citadel to confront [[Tharzog]] and [[Agandaûr]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref>
'''[[2014]]: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'':'''
:The Udûn and Sea of Nûrnen regions of Mordor are inhabited by large troll-like creatures known as "Olog Graugs". According to their Nature article in the Appendices menu, Sauron intends to use the Graug to crossbreed with ordinary Trolls, and create a new breed of "hill-trolls" that can withstand direct sunlight. Graugs are very rare in the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions of the game due to technical limitations, but are more abundant in the PS4, PC, and Xbox One versions.

{{references}}
[[Category:Races]]
[[Category:Trolls| ]]
[[Category:Servants of Melkor]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[de:Trolle]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/trolls/trolls]]
[[fi:Peikot]]

File talk:J.R.R. Tolkien - MSMFC Emblem.jpg

2023-11-15T07:48:41Z

Amandacil: /* What? */ new section

== What? ==

The Mordor Special Mission Flying Corps of MSMFC? [[User:Amandacil|Amandacil]] ([[User talk:Amandacil|talk]]) 07:48, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

File talk:J.R.R. Tolkien - MSMFC Emblem.jpg

2023-11-15T07:14:50Z

Amandacil: /* What? */

File talk:J.R.R. Tolkien - MSMFC Emblem.jpg

2023-11-15T07:13:44Z

Amandacil: /* What? */

== What? ==

Mordor Special Missions Flying Corps?

File talk:J.R.R. Tolkien - MSMFC Emblem.jpg

2023-11-15T07:03:44Z

Amandacil: /* What? */ new section

== What? ==

Mordor Special Missions Flying Corps? Where did that name come from? [[User:Amandacil|Amandacil]] ([[User talk:Amandacil|talk]]) 07:03, 15 November 2023 (UTC)