Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

The One Ring

2011-10-28T03:44:05Z

Arwen Elessar: Added link

{{cleanup}}
{{disambig-more|The One Ring|[[The One Ring (disambiguation)]]}}
{{objects
| image=[[Image:John Howe - The One Ring.jpg|250px]]
| name=The One Ring
| othernames=The Ruling Ring, the Great Ring, Isildur's Bane
| derivation=
| location=
| ownedby=[[Sauron]], but several bore it: [[Isildur]], [[Gollum]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]]
| maker=[[Sauron]]
| appearance=Plain gold ring with [[Black Speech]] inscriptions made visible by heat
| references=
|}}
The '''One Ring''', also known as the '''Ruling Ring''', '''Great Ring of Power''', and '''Isildur's Bane''', was an artifact created by the [[Dark Lord]] [[Sauron]] in the [[Second Age]] for the purpose of ruling over the [[Free peoples]] of [[Middle-earth]], especially the [[Elves]]. The story of the quest to destroy the Ring is told in the [[Red Book]], as is most of the Ring's history.

== History ==
The One Ring was created by the Dark Lord [[Sauron]] during the [[Second Age]] in order to enlarge his own might by combining it with the power of the [[Elves|Elven]] smiths, and thus to give him control over the other [[Rings of Power]], which had been made by [[Celebrimbor]] and his people with Sauron's assistance. Sauron forged the One Ring secretly in the fires of [[Mount Doom]]. His will was then inside a Ring that could control the other Rings. Thus, he was more powerful than ever before when he wore the Ring, but became much weaker when he lost it. Though it appeared to be made of simple gold, the Ring was virtually impervious to damage, and could only be destroyed by throwing it into the pit of the volcanic [[Mount Doom]] in which it had originally been forged.

Celebrimbor and the other Ring-bearers realized his treachery so went to war with him: the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] destroyed Eregion and devastated much of Eriador. Sauron was master of almost all of Middle-earth beyond the coasts, but the Númenóreans responded to the Elves' call for aid and sent a relief force. After heavy fighting, Sauron became known as the [[Dark Lord]] of [[Mordor]]. He raised [[Barad-dûr]] near Mount Doom; constructed the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor to prevent invasion; corrupted nine mortal Men with Rings of Power and turned them into the [[Nazgûl]], his chief servants; and raised massive armies of [[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], and Men, chiefly [[Easterlings]] and [[Southrons]].

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Forging of the One.jpg|thumb|''The Forging of the One'', by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Sauron's rise offended the arrogant Númenóreans and came to Middle-earth with great force of arms, and Sauron's forces fled. Realizing he could not defeat the Númenóreans with military strength, Sauron allowed himself to be taken as a hostage to Númenor by King [[Ar-Pharazôn]]. There, he quickly grew from captive to advisor and was known as '''Tar-Mairon'''; he converted many Númenóreans using the power of the Ring<ref>{{L|211}}</ref> and raised a great temple in which he performed human sacrifices. Finally, he convinced the king to rebel against the Valar and attack Valinor itself. [[Eru]] directly intervened: Númenor was drowned under the sea. Sauron was diminished in the flood of Númenor, and fled back to Mordor, where he slowly rebuilt his strength during the time known as the [[Dark Years]].

When the Númenóreans in exile united the peoples in the [[Last Alliance]] against Sauron, the Ring was cut from his hand by Prince [[Isildur]] and took it for himself.
===After Sauron===
Isildur realized its properties, such as the strange letters visible for short time after he removed it; he considered it precious, and a heirloom of his Kingdom of [[Gondor]]. Eventually he lost it in the River [[Gladden River|Gladden]] just before he was killed in [[Third Age 2]].

The Ring remained hidden in the riverbed for over two millennia, until it was discovered on a fishing trip by a [[Stoors|Stoor]] named [[Déagol]]. He was murdered by his cousin [[Sméagol]], who stole the Ring, and was changed by the Ring's influence over many ages into the creature known as [[Gollum]]. The Ring, which Sauron had endowed with a will of its own, manipulated Gollum into settling in the [[Misty Mountains]] near [[Mirkwood]], where Sauron was beginning to resurface. There he and it remained for nearly five hundred years, until the Ring tired of him and fell off his finger as he was returning from killing an [[Orcs|Orc]].

Bilbo found the Ring while he was lost in the caverns of the Misty Mountains, near Gollum's lair. After losing the [[Riddle-game]] to Bilbo, Gollum went to get his "[[Precious]]" (as he always called it) so he could kill and eat him, but flew into a rage when he found it missing. Deducing that Bilbo had it from his last riddle—"What have I got in my pocket?"—Gollum chased him through the caves, not knowing that the Hobbit had discovered the Ring's powers of invisibility and was following him to the cave's exit. Bilbo escaped Gollum and the Orcs who inhabited the Misty Mountains by remaining invisible, but left that part out of the story he told the [[Dwarves]] he was traveling with. Gandalf, who was also traveling with the Dwarves, later forced the real story out of Bilbo, and was immediately suspicious of the Ring's powers.

Gollum, meanwhile, eventually left the Misty Mountains to track down and reclaim the Ring. He wandered for decades, only to be captured and interrogated by Sauron himself, to whom he revealed the existence of Bilbo and the Shire.

In [[Third Age 3001]], following Gandalf's counsel, Bilbo gave the Ring to his nephew and adopted heir [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. This first willing sacrifice of the Ring in its history sparked the chain of events which eventually led to its unmaking. Gandalf was suspicious about the effect it had on Bilbo and went to [[Minas Tirith]] and found Isildur's account on the Ring, being lost since his death. He returned to [[Hobbiton]] and tested Frodo's Ring in fire, only to confirm his fears, since the letters described by Isildur appeared inside its rim.

By this time Sauron had begun to regain his power, and the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] in Mordor had been rebuilt. The [[War of the Ring]] had begun. Gandalf urged Frodo to carry the Ring to [[Rivendell]] where the Wise would decide their actions. Despite Gandalf's warnings, Frodo did wear the Ring several times during his journey. On [[Weathertop]] he was tempted by the Ring to wear it and evade the Ringwraiths, only to to make him more visible to them, and to be wounded by the [[Morgul-blade]].

In order to prevent the recapture of the Ring, Frodo and eight other [[Fellowship of the Ring|companions]] set out from [[Rivendell]] for Mordor in an attempt to destroy the Ring in the fires of [[Mount Doom]]. During the quest, Frodo gradually became more and more susceptible to the Ring's power, and feared that it was going to corrupt him. When he and Sam discovered that Gollum was on their trail and "tamed" him into guiding them to Mordor, he began to feel a strange bond with the wretched, treacherous creature, seeing a possible future of himself that he felt he had to save in order to save himself. Gollum gave in to the Ring's temptation, however, and betrayed them to the spider [[Shelob]]. Believing Frodo to be dead, Sam bore the Ring himself for a short time, and glimpsed its power, although he never gave in to it.

Sam rescued Frodo from a band of Orcs at the Tower of [[Cirith Ungol]] and returned the Ring to him, but feared that the toll it was taking was too great. It nearly was: although Frodo and Sam, followed by Gollum, eventually arrived at Mount Doom, Frodo decided to keep the Ring for himself rather than destroy it, evincing its corruptive nature. However, he was attacked by Gollum, who bit off the finger holding the Ring before falling into the fires of Mount Doom, finally destroying the Ring, and Sauron with it.

== Appearance ==
Physically the Ring resembled a geometrically perfect circle of pure gold, this perfection and purity being part of its allure. Unlike the lesser Rings, it bore no gem. It seems to have been able to expand and contract, in order to fit its wearer's finger or slip from it treacherously. Its identity could be determined by a simple (though little-known) test: when heated in fire, fine lines of fire, forming a script, would appear running along on the inside and outside of the Ring.<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref> The letters were an [[Ring Verse|inscription]] in [[Tengwar]] of the [[Black Speech]] of Mordor, citing a section of poetry from part of its lore:
[[Image:One ring.png|right|300px]]

:''Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul,''
:''ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.''

These are the first two lines from the end of a verse about the [[Rings of Power]]:

:''One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,''
:''One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.''

==Effects==
[[Image:Roger Thomasson - The One Ring.jpg|thumb|left|''The One Ring'' by [[Roger Thomasson]].]]When a person wore the Ring, he would be partly "shifted" out of the physical realm into the spiritual realm. There, if he managed to consciously subdue the Ring's will with his own, he could theoretically wield all the powers that Sauron had before he lost the Ring; notably, he could control and enslave the will of others. A side effect (but usually the first effect noticed) of the Ring was that it made the wearer invisible to physical beings like living [[Men]] (but highly visible to spiritual beings like the [[Nazgûl]]), dimmed the wearer's sight, and sharpened his hearing. This "shadow world" was the world the Wraiths were forced to live in always, but it was also a world in which the [[Calaquendi]] (Elves of Light) held great power: therefore [[Glorfindel]] was able to stay the [[Witch-king]] at the [[Battle of Fornost]] and later again at the Ford of [[Bruinen]] at [[Rivendell]].

Part of the nature of the Ring was that it slowly but inevitably corrupted its wearer, regardless of any intentions to the contrary. Whether this was specifically designed into the Ring's magic or is simply an artifact of its evil origins is unknown. (Sauron might be expected to endow his One Ring with such a property, but he probably never intended anyone besides himself to wear it. It may be a side-effect of the portion of Sauron's will that lies within the Ring, influencing the wearer.) For this reason the Wise, including [[Gandalf]], [[Elrond]] and [[Galadriel]], refused to wield it in their own defence, but instead determined that it must be destroyed. It appears that Hobbits, being more pure of heart than Men, and far less powerful than Elves, were the ideal vessels to resist its seductive power; this explains why Frodo and Bilbo bore it for long periods of time with very little ill effect. Even Gollum had not turned into a Wraith after 500 years of bearing the Ring.

The enigmatic [[Tom Bombadil]] was unaffected by the Ring, or rather, the Ring had no effect on him. This may be explained in many ways. (See the [[Tom Bombadil|article on Tom Bombadil]], which includes some theories.)

==See also==
* [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
* [[Annatar]]
* [[Orodruin]]
* [[Celebrimbor]]
* [[Rings of Power]]
* [[War of the Elves and Sauron]]
* [[Battle of the Gladden Fields]]
* [[Gollum]]
* ''[[The Hobbit]]''
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''

{{references}}

{{rings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:One Ring, The}}
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Rings and Jewels]]
[[de:Der Eine Ring]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/anneau_unique]]
[[fi:Sormusten Sormus]]

The One Ring

2011-10-28T03:43:29Z

Arwen Elessar:

{{cleanup}}
{{disambig-more|The One Ring|[[The One Ring (disambiguation)]]}}
{{objects
| image=[[Image:John Howe - The One Ring.jpg|250px]]
| name=The One Ring
| othernames=The Ruling Ring, the Great Ring, Isildur's Bane
| derivation=
| location=
| ownedby=[[Sauron]], but several bore it: [[Isildur]], [[Gollum]], Bilbo Baggins, [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]]
| maker=[[Sauron]]
| appearance=Plain gold ring with [[Black Speech]] inscriptions made visible by heat
| references=
|}}
The '''One Ring''', also known as the '''Ruling Ring''', '''Great Ring of Power''', and '''Isildur's Bane''', was an artifact created by the [[Dark Lord]] [[Sauron]] in the [[Second Age]] for the purpose of ruling over the [[Free peoples]] of [[Middle-earth]], especially the [[Elves]]. The story of the quest to destroy the Ring is told in the [[Red Book]], as is most of the Ring's history.

== History ==
The One Ring was created by the Dark Lord [[Sauron]] during the [[Second Age]] in order to enlarge his own might by combining it with the power of the [[Elves|Elven]] smiths, and thus to give him control over the other [[Rings of Power]], which had been made by [[Celebrimbor]] and his people with Sauron's assistance. Sauron forged the One Ring secretly in the fires of [[Mount Doom]]. His will was then inside a Ring that could control the other Rings. Thus, he was more powerful than ever before when he wore the Ring, but became much weaker when he lost it. Though it appeared to be made of simple gold, the Ring was virtually impervious to damage, and could only be destroyed by throwing it into the pit of the volcanic [[Mount Doom]] in which it had originally been forged.

Celebrimbor and the other Ring-bearers realized his treachery so went to war with him: the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] destroyed Eregion and devastated much of Eriador. Sauron was master of almost all of Middle-earth beyond the coasts, but the Númenóreans responded to the Elves' call for aid and sent a relief force. After heavy fighting, Sauron became known as the [[Dark Lord]] of [[Mordor]]. He raised [[Barad-dûr]] near Mount Doom; constructed the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor to prevent invasion; corrupted nine mortal Men with Rings of Power and turned them into the [[Nazgûl]], his chief servants; and raised massive armies of [[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], and Men, chiefly [[Easterlings]] and [[Southrons]].

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Forging of the One.jpg|thumb|''The Forging of the One'', by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Sauron's rise offended the arrogant Númenóreans and came to Middle-earth with great force of arms, and Sauron's forces fled. Realizing he could not defeat the Númenóreans with military strength, Sauron allowed himself to be taken as a hostage to Númenor by King [[Ar-Pharazôn]]. There, he quickly grew from captive to advisor and was known as '''Tar-Mairon'''; he converted many Númenóreans using the power of the Ring<ref>{{L|211}}</ref> and raised a great temple in which he performed human sacrifices. Finally, he convinced the king to rebel against the Valar and attack Valinor itself. [[Eru]] directly intervened: Númenor was drowned under the sea. Sauron was diminished in the flood of Númenor, and fled back to Mordor, where he slowly rebuilt his strength during the time known as the [[Dark Years]].

When the Númenóreans in exile united the peoples in the [[Last Alliance]] against Sauron, the Ring was cut from his hand by Prince [[Isildur]] and took it for himself.
===After Sauron===
Isildur realized its properties, such as the strange letters visible for short time after he removed it; he considered it precious, and a heirloom of his Kingdom of [[Gondor]]. Eventually he lost it in the River [[Gladden River|Gladden]] just before he was killed in [[Third Age 2]].

The Ring remained hidden in the riverbed for over two millennia, until it was discovered on a fishing trip by a [[Stoors|Stoor]] named [[Déagol]]. He was murdered by his cousin [[Sméagol]], who stole the Ring, and was changed by the Ring's influence over many ages into the creature known as [[Gollum]]. The Ring, which Sauron had endowed with a will of its own, manipulated Gollum into settling in the [[Misty Mountains]] near [[Mirkwood]], where Sauron was beginning to resurface. There he and it remained for nearly five hundred years, until the Ring tired of him and fell off his finger as he was returning from killing an [[Orcs|Orc]].

Bilbo found the Ring while he was lost in the caverns of the Misty Mountains, near Gollum's lair. After losing the [[Riddle-game]] to Bilbo, Gollum went to get his "[[Precious]]" (as he always called it) so he could kill and eat him, but flew into a rage when he found it missing. Deducing that Bilbo had it from his last riddle—"What have I got in my pocket?"—Gollum chased him through the caves, not knowing that the Hobbit had discovered the Ring's powers of invisibility and was following him to the cave's exit. Bilbo escaped Gollum and the Orcs who inhabited the Misty Mountains by remaining invisible, but left that part out of the story he told the [[Dwarves]] he was traveling with. Gandalf, who was also traveling with the Dwarves, later forced the real story out of Bilbo, and was immediately suspicious of the Ring's powers.

Gollum, meanwhile, eventually left the Misty Mountains to track down and reclaim the Ring. He wandered for decades, only to be captured and interrogated by Sauron himself, to whom he revealed the existence of Bilbo and the Shire.

In [[Third Age 3001]], following Gandalf's counsel, Bilbo gave the Ring to his nephew and adopted heir [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. This first willing sacrifice of the Ring in its history sparked the chain of events which eventually led to its unmaking. Gandalf was suspicious about the effect it had on Bilbo and went to [[Minas Tirith]] and found Isildur's account on the Ring, being lost since his death. He returned to [[Hobbiton]] and tested Frodo's Ring in fire, only to confirm his fears, since the letters described by Isildur appeared inside its rim.

By this time Sauron had begun to regain his power, and the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] in Mordor had been rebuilt. The [[War of the Ring]] had begun. Gandalf urged Frodo to carry the Ring to [[Rivendell]] where the Wise would decide their actions. Despite Gandalf's warnings, Frodo did wear the Ring several times during his journey. On [[Weathertop]] he was tempted by the Ring to wear it and evade the Ringwraiths, only to to make him more visible to them, and to be wounded by the [[Morgul-blade]].

In order to prevent the recapture of the Ring, Frodo and eight other [[Fellowship of the Ring|companions]] set out from [[Rivendell]] for Mordor in an attempt to destroy the Ring in the fires of [[Mount Doom]]. During the quest, Frodo gradually became more and more susceptible to the Ring's power, and feared that it was going to corrupt him. When he and Sam discovered that Gollum was on their trail and "tamed" him into guiding them to Mordor, he began to feel a strange bond with the wretched, treacherous creature, seeing a possible future of himself that he felt he had to save in order to save himself. Gollum gave in to the Ring's temptation, however, and betrayed them to the spider [[Shelob]]. Believing Frodo to be dead, Sam bore the Ring himself for a short time, and glimpsed its power, although he never gave in to it.

Sam rescued Frodo from a band of Orcs at the Tower of [[Cirith Ungol]] and returned the Ring to him, but feared that the toll it was taking was too great. It nearly was: although Frodo and Sam, followed by Gollum, eventually arrived at Mount Doom, Frodo decided to keep the Ring for himself rather than destroy it, evincing its corruptive nature. However, he was attacked by Gollum, who bit off the finger holding the Ring before falling into the fires of Mount Doom, finally destroying the Ring, and Sauron with it.

== Appearance ==
Physically the Ring resembled a geometrically perfect circle of pure gold, this perfection and purity being part of its allure. Unlike the lesser Rings, it bore no gem. It seems to have been able to expand and contract, in order to fit its wearer's finger or slip from it treacherously. Its identity could be determined by a simple (though little-known) test: when heated in fire, fine lines of fire, forming a script, would appear running along on the inside and outside of the Ring.<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref> The letters were an [[Ring Verse|inscription]] in [[Tengwar]] of the [[Black Speech]] of Mordor, citing a section of poetry from part of its lore:
[[Image:One ring.png|right|300px]]

:''Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul,''
:''ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.''

These are the first two lines from the end of a verse about the [[Rings of Power]]:

:''One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,''
:''One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.''

==Effects==
[[Image:Roger Thomasson - The One Ring.jpg|thumb|left|''The One Ring'' by [[Roger Thomasson]].]]When a person wore the Ring, he would be partly "shifted" out of the physical realm into the spiritual realm. There, if he managed to consciously subdue the Ring's will with his own, he could theoretically wield all the powers that Sauron had before he lost the Ring; notably, he could control and enslave the will of others. A side effect (but usually the first effect noticed) of the Ring was that it made the wearer invisible to physical beings like living [[Men]] (but highly visible to spiritual beings like the [[Nazgûl]]), dimmed the wearer's sight, and sharpened his hearing. This "shadow world" was the world the Wraiths were forced to live in always, but it was also a world in which the [[Calaquendi]] (Elves of Light) held great power: therefore [[Glorfindel]] was able to stay the [[Witch-king]] at the [[Battle of Fornost]] and later again at the Ford of [[Bruinen]] at [[Rivendell]].

Part of the nature of the Ring was that it slowly but inevitably corrupted its wearer, regardless of any intentions to the contrary. Whether this was specifically designed into the Ring's magic or is simply an artifact of its evil origins is unknown. (Sauron might be expected to endow his One Ring with such a property, but he probably never intended anyone besides himself to wear it. It may be a side-effect of the portion of Sauron's will that lies within the Ring, influencing the wearer.) For this reason the Wise, including [[Gandalf]], [[Elrond]] and [[Galadriel]], refused to wield it in their own defence, but instead determined that it must be destroyed. It appears that Hobbits, being more pure of heart than Men, and far less powerful than Elves, were the ideal vessels to resist its seductive power; this explains why Frodo and Bilbo bore it for long periods of time with very little ill effect. Even Gollum had not turned into a Wraith after 500 years of bearing the Ring.

The enigmatic [[Tom Bombadil]] was unaffected by the Ring, or rather, the Ring had no effect on him. This may be explained in many ways. (See the [[Tom Bombadil|article on Tom Bombadil]], which includes some theories.)

==See also==
* [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
* [[Annatar]]
* [[Orodruin]]
* [[Celebrimbor]]
* [[Rings of Power]]
* [[War of the Elves and Sauron]]
* [[Battle of the Gladden Fields]]
* [[Gollum]]
* ''[[The Hobbit]]''
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''

{{references}}

{{rings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:One Ring, The}}
[[Category:Evil]]
[[Category:Rings and Jewels]]
[[de:Der Eine Ring]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/anneau_unique]]
[[fi:Sormusten Sormus]]

Lúthien

2011-10-28T03:39:21Z

Arwen Elessar: /* Quest for the Silmaril */

{{sindar infobox
| image=[[Image:Anya Valle - Luthien.png|250px]]
| name=Lúthien
| othernames=''Tinúviel'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=Princess of Doriath
| position=
| realm=[[Doriath]]; [[Dor Firn-i-Chuinar|Tol Galen]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{YT|1200}}
| birthlocation=[[Forest of Neldoreth]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|502}}
| deathlocation=[[Dor Firn-i-Chuinar]], [[Ossiriand]]
| age=3,377
| house=
| parentage=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Beren]]
| children=[[Dior]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>
| clothing=Blue raiment, sewn with golden flowers; shadowy cloak; appearance of [[Thuringwethil]]<ref name="Beren"/>
| weapons=Voice, enchantment
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}'''Lúthien Tinúviel''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈluːθjen tiˈnuːvjel]}}) was the only daughter of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and [[Melian]] the [[Maia]]. She was said to be the fairest maiden to have ever lived (a description later shared also by [[Arwen]]).

== History ==
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Lúthien.jpg|thumb|left|''Lúthien'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]Lúthien was born during the Second Age of the [[Chaining of Melkor]], and [[niphredil]] first grew at the moment of her birth. She would often dance in the woods, while her friend [[Daeron]], the minstrel of Thingol, would play his flute. Daeron came to love her, and while she enjoyed his company, she did not return his love.

===Quest for the Silmaril===
During such an occasion she was discovered by [[Beren]] as he wandered the woods of her father's kingdom, and instantly fell in love with her. Daeron chirped out a warning, and she hid. While he searched for her, he accidentally laid his hand on her arm. He caught her alone some months later, and they grew to love one another. When Lúthien took Beren before her father, he was appalled that his royal daughter should wish to wed a mortal, and as is recounted in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' so set Beren what he thought was an unachievable task, to recover a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of [[Morgoth]] himself. So Beren left Doriath in pursuit of his hopeless quest.
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Transformed.jpg|thumb|''Transformed'' by [[Ted Nasmith]], showing [[Lúthien]] and [[Beren]] disguised as [[Thuringwethil]] and [[Draugluin]]]]
After a time, a darkness fell on Lúthien's heart, and she learned from her mother Melian what this meant; Beren had been captured by [[Sauron]], and was held in the dungeons of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Though Thingol sought to stop her, Lúthien set out from Doriath to rescue Beren, if she could. Passing through many adventures, she gained the help of [[Huan the Hound]], and together they came to [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth|Sauron's Isle]]. Through Lúthien's magic and Huan's strength they defeated Sauron and rescued Beren. Eventually Beren set out for [[Angband]] once again, but this time Lúthien accompanied him.

[[Image:Luca Michelucci - 1999 - May.jpg|left|200px|thumb|''Lúthien Dances Before Morgoth'' by [[Luca Michelucci]].]]
Through Lúthien's powers, they passed the gates of Angband, and the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] that guarded them. Coming before the [[Dark Throne]] itself, she wove a spell that put Morgoth and his court into a deep sleep, and Beren cut a Silmaril from the Iron Crown. Returning to the gates, they found that Carcharoth barred their escape. Beren held up the hallowed jewel to protect them, but the monstrous wolf bit off his hand and, with it, consumed the Silmaril. But the Silmarils were blessed by [[Varda]] herself, so that any unclean flesh that touched them would be withered and burnt. The wolf's innards were consumed with that burning, and it ran howling into the south.

Lúthien healed Beren, and they came at last back to her father's halls at [[Menegroth]]. There they heard tidings that the maddened wolf had entered Thingol's realm, and Beren set out with the King to the [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. After nightfall they returned; the wolf was slain and the Silmaril recovered, but Beren was wounded mortally. So he passed away, and soon after Lúthien too wasted of grief.

===Aftermath===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Lúthien at Tol Galen.jpg|right|200px|thumb|''Lúthien at Tol Galen'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]
Their spirits were gathered in the [[Halls of Mandos]] in the [[Uttermost West]], and there Lúthien sang a song of such extraordinary power and beauty that it moved even the implacable heart of [[Mandos]] himself. So she was granted a unique fate, to become mortal and return to [[Middle-earth]] with Beren, where they dwelt for a time in happiness on the green island of [[Tol Galen]] in the River [[Adurant]].

== Etymology ==

''Lúthien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Daughter of Flowers". The first element in the name is ''[[lúth]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 15</ref> The second element is perhaps the feminine ending ''[[-ien]]''.

In early writings, [[Doriathrin]] ''Luthien'' and [[Noldorin]] ''Lhūthien'' meant "enchantress", deriving from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''luktiēnē'' ("enchantress"; from [[Sundocarme|root]] LUK "magic, enhantement").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 370</ref>

''[[Tinúviel]]'' (from Primitive Quendian ''tindômiselde'') means "Nightingale", or, more literally, "Daughter of Twilight".{{fact}}

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | ELU |y| MEL | | BEO | | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|BEO=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT='''LÚTHIEN'''|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO=[[Dior Eluchíl|Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELU |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELU=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| ELR | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Inspiration==
Lúthien was largely inspired from [[Edith Bratt]] and Tolkien often referred to Edith as "my [[Lúthien]]."<ref>{{L|340}}</ref><ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2001/12/04/batolk04.xml We talked of love, death, and fairy tales]</ref>. It is mentioned that around [[1917]], while Tolkien and Bratt went walking in the woods at Roos, Edith began to dance for him in a clearing among the flowering hemlock. This incident inspired the account of the meeting of Beren and Lúthien<ref>Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall & Edmund Weiner ''[[The Ring of Words]]''</ref>.

The tale also shares the common element of folktales with the disapproving parent who sets a seemingly impossible task for the suitor, which is then fulfilled. Such is the Welsh tale of Culhwch and Olwen and others.

The travel of Lúthien to Mandos and softening Námo with her song, in order to release her beloved, is a usual theme in several world religions: According to Virgil, Orpheus descended to Hades and with his harp softened the hearts of Hades and Pespephone in order to return his wife, Eurydice, to life. There is also the Japanese myth of Izanagi and Izanami, the Akkadian/Sumerian myth of Inanna's Descent to the Underworld, and Mayan myth of Ix Chel and Itzamna. The theme exists also in the Amerindian oral tradition: the Nez Perce tell a similar story about the trickster figure, Coyote.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The name ''Lúthien'' appears since the earliest conceptions (although ''[[Melilot Brandybuck#Other versions of the legendarium|Melilot]]'' was used as a tentative name in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'').<ref>{{LB|3}}, p. 159</ref> The name was connected with "[[Luthany]]", the Elfin name for England. In several drafts, ''Lúthien'' would be the Elfin name of [[Ælfwine]], which would be translated as "traveler" and later as "friend".

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Lúthien|Images of Lúthien]].
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luthien Tinuviel}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Thingol]]
[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]
[[de:Lúthien]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/luthien]]
[[fi:Lúthien]]

Sean Astin

2011-10-27T23:48:50Z

Arwen Elessar: /* Roles */

{{actor
| image=[[Image:Sean Astin.jpg|250px]]
| name=Sean Astin
| lifetime=[[25 February|February 25]], [[1971]]
| played=[[Samwise Gamgee]]
| film=[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]
| played2=
| film2=
| imdb=[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000276/ Profile]
|}}

'''Sean Patrick Astin''' (born 1971) is an American film actor who played [[Samwise Gamgee]] in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]] and most of the tie-in game franchise.

==History==
Amusingly, he kept meticulous count of the times when he was fitted with ''hobbit feet'' and subsequently the feet were never "in shot".

He suffered an injury during the filming of the scene at [[Parth Galen]] when Sam ran into the river after [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] — there was a shard of glass in the river bed and Astin's foot was pierced and bled profusely. Despite the injury he was back on set the next day.

Both of his parents worked in the film industry: his father John Astin created the character of Gomez Addams in the TV series "The Addams Family" while his mother, Patty Duke, won an Oscar for her performance in "The Miracle Worker".

==Roles==
* [[2009]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'': [[Samwise Gamgee]] (rumoured)
* [[2006]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]'': Samwise Gamgee (archive footage)
*[[2004]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]'': Samwise Gamgee (archive footage)
*[[2004]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)]]'': Samwise Gamgee
* [[2003]]: ''[[Beyond the Movie: The Return of the King]]'': Himself
*[[2003]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'': Samwise Gamgee
*[[2003]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'': Samwise Gamgee
* [[2002]]: ''[[The Making of The Lord of the Rings]]'': Himself
*[[2002]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'': Samwise Gamgee
* [[2002]]: ''[[A Day in the Life of a Hobbit]]'': Himself
* [[2001]]: ''[[Beyond the Movie: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'': Himself
* [[2001]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'': Samwise Gamgee
* [[2001]]: ''[[Quest for the Ring]]'': Himself

==Bibliography==
* [[2004]]: ''[[There and Back Again: An Actor's Tale]]''

==Quotes==
{{quote|I just wanted to allow whatever essence of goodness there is within me to come forth and to inhabit the role of Sam, because that's what he is: he's goodness, loyalty, decency; that, I think, is his function in the books.|Sean Astin, [[The Lord of the Rings Official Movie Guide]]}}
{{quote|The Lord of the Rings was just so much enjoyment. It was over about the space of a year that I was filming. It's one of the most enjoyable things I've ever done...so emotional.|Sean Astin}}
{{quote|Sam is the best kind of friend. Through thick or thin, he is always there. I found myself gravitating toward that quality in my portrayal, toward this idea of an earnest, loyal, decent fellow.|Sean Astin, lordoftherings.net}}

==Awards==
* [[2002]] - '''[http://www.cinemaclips.com/PFCS.htm PFCS Award]''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* [[2003]] - '''[http://ofcs.rottentomatoes.com/ OFCS Award]''', Best Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''PFCS Award''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''Peter Jackson's The Two Towers''
* 2003 - '''[http://www.vesawards.com/awards/ VES Award]''', Outstanding Performance by a Male or Female Actor in an Effects Film, ''Peter Jackson's The Two Towers''
* 2003 - '''[http://www.mtv.com/ MTV Movie Award]''', Best On-Screen Team, ''Peter Jackson's The Two Towers''
* 2003 - '''[[wikipedia:Seattle Film Critics Awards 2003|SFC Award]]''', Best Supporting Actor, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* [[2004]] - '''[http://www.lvfcs.org/ Sierra Award]''', Best Supporting Actor, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.bfca.org/ Critics' Choice Award]''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.nbrmp.org/ NBR Award]''', Best Acting by an Ensemble (shared with see previous)
* 2004 - '''VES Award''', Best Performance by an Actor in an Effects Film, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.sagawards.org/ SAG Award]''', Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.saturnawards.org/ Saturn Award]''', Best Supporting Actor, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''

== External Links ==
* '''[http://www.seanastin.com/ Official Website]'''
* {{WP|Sean Astin}}
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000276/ Sean Astin] at [http://www.imdb.com IMDb]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sean Astin}}
[[Category:Actors and actresses]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy cast]]

Elijah Wood

2011-10-27T23:44:23Z

Arwen Elessar: Fixed minor error.

{{actor
| image=[[Image:Elijah Wood2.jpg|250px|Elijah Wood]]
| name=[[Elijah Wood]]
| lifetime=[[28 January|January 28]], [[1981]]
| played=[[Frodo Baggins]]
| film=[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]
| played2=
| film2=
| imdb=[http://imdb.com/name/nm0000704/ Profile]
|}}
'''Elijah Jordan Wood''' (born [[28 January|January 28]], [[1981]] in Cedar Rapids, Iowa) is a U.S. actor of English, Austrian, German and Danish descent. He is the middle of three children born to Warren and Debbie Wood, who nicknamed Elijah "Spark Plug" because he was a manically energetic child. He has a brother Zack, a video game producer and seven years his senior, as well as a younger sister [[Hannah Wood|Hannah]], a poet and actress who has had small roles in a number of his films. He has been a professional actor since the age of nine.

== Trivia ==
While filming The Faculty he learned that casting had begun for New Zealand director [[Peter Jackson]]’s epic production of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]’s classic novel trilogy [[The Lord of the Rings]]. Wood immediately had his friend, director George Huang, film an audition tape of him running in the fields with crudely made ''Hobbit feet'', and sent the tape to Jackson. Despite Jackson’s initial assertion that all of the Hobbit characters would be played by British actors, he was immediately won over by Wood’s audition and the American Wood was cast in the lead role of Tolkien’s diminutive hero [[Frodo Baggins]]. Jackson later said he could not possibly imagine another actor in the world who would be better-suited to Frodo.

The cast of the Rings movies was nominated for Best Ensemble Acting at the Screen Actors Guild Awards for three years in a row. They finally won in 2003, for the third film [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]. For his performance as [[Frodo Baggins]], Elijah Wood was nominated by the MTV Movie Awards and for the final installment, The Return of the King, he was nominated for a British Academy Award for Best Actor.

== Quotes ==
{{quote|He's just got a spirit, you know? That's what I love about him...he's very alive and very lively. You don't get to see a lot of that--only in the beginning of the first film--but his spirit, the light that's in him, is what holds him together.|Elijah Wood about Frodo, E! Online}}
{{quote|It wasn't like a normal role, I don't have to be a human; I have to be a hobbit. And there were things that were sort of germane to being a hobbit, that was probably why it was so intriguing.|Elijah Wood on lordoftherings.net}}
{{quote|Quite simply it is love. It is the unconditional love that says, regardless of what you do or where you go, I will always be there for you.|Elijah Wood on the friendship of Frodo and Sam, [[The Lord of the Rings Official Movie Guide]].}}

==Awards==
* [[2002]] - '''[http://www.cinemaclips.com/PFCS.htm PFCS Award]''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* [[2002]] - '''[http://www.empireonline.com/ Empire Award]''', Best Actor, ''Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring''
* [[2003]] - '''[http://ofcs.rottentomatoes.com/ OFCS Award]''', Best Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''PFCS Award''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''Peter Jackson's The Two Towers''
* 2003 - '''[http://www.mtv.com/ MTV Movie Award]''', Best On-Screen Team, ''Peter Jackson's The Two Towers''
* [[2004]] - '''[http://www.bfca.org/ Critics' Choice Award]''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.nbrmp.org/ NBR Award]''', Best Acting by an Ensemble, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.vesawards.com/awards/ VES Award]''', Best Performance by an Actor in an Effects Film, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.sagawards.org/ SAG Award]''', Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.saturnawards.org/ Saturn Award]''', Best Actor, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.interactive.org/ Interactive Achievement Award]''', Outstanding Achievement in Character Performance - Male, ''[[EA's The Return of the King]]''

== External Links ==
* {{WP|Elijah Wood}}
* [http://imdb.com/name/nm0000704/ Elijah Wood] at IMDb

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wood, Elijah}}
[[Category:Actors and actresses]]
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy cast]]

Faramir

2011-10-27T04:06:27Z

Arwen Elessar: /* In Pelennor/Minas Tirith */

{{disambig-more|Faramir|[[Faramir (disambiguation)]]}}
{{gondorian infobox
| image=[[Image:Ellaine - Untitled.jpg|250px]]
| name=Faramir
| othernames=
| titles=[[Steward of Gondor]], [[Prince of Ithilien]]
| position=Captain of Gondor
| realm=[[Ithilien]], [[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]
| birth={{TA|2983}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|3019}} - {{FoA|82}} (84 years)
| death={{FoA|82}}
| deathlocation=
| age=120
| house=[[House of Húrin]]
| parentage=[[Denethor II]] and [[Finduilas (wife of Denethor)|Finduilas]]
| siblings=[[Boromir]]
| spouse=[[Éowyn]]
| children=[[Elboron]]<ref name="Elboron">{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 221</ref>
| gender=Male
| height=Tall<ref name="Herbs">{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>
| hair=Raven<ref name="Steward">{{RK|Steward}}</ref>
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Window"/>
| clothing=Green gauntlets, green hood and mask, green and brown clothing<ref name="Herbs"/>
| weapons=Sword,<ref name="Herbs"/> nail-knife<ref name="Forbidden">{{TT|Pool}}</ref>
| steed=
}}
{{quote|[Faramir] is bold, more bold than many deem; for in these days men are slow to believe that a captain can be wise and learned in the scrolls of lore and song, as he is, and yet a man of hardihood and swift judgement in the field. But such is Faramir. Less reckless and eager than [[Boromir]], but not less resolute.|[[Gandalf]]<ref name="MT">{{RK|MT}}</ref>}}
'''Faramir''' was the last [[Ruling Steward|Ruling]] [[Steward of Gondor]] and the first [[Prince of Ithilien]].

The second of [[Denethor II|Denethor]]'s two sons, Faramir was briefly the [[Ruling Steward]] after his father's death. Upon the arrival of the true king, King [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]], he laid down his office, but Elessar renewed the hereditary appointment of [[Steward of Gondor|Steward]] as the advisor to the King. Faramir was also appointed [[Prince of Ithilien]].<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 207</ref>

==History==
===In Ithilien===
Faramir acted as a Gondorian ranger in [[Ithilien]], harassing [[Haradrim]] and keeping evil things from entering the land from [[Minas Morgul]]. During one such raid he found [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]] and [[Gollum]] observing an attack by his rangers on a column of [[Haradrim]]. The former two were captured as spies by the rangers though Gollum eluded them. Frodo was questioned by Faramir concerning their errand. Frodo recounted the journeys of the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]] and its members but referred to the [[Quest for the Ring|purpose]] of the travels only cryptically. During the questioning he denied knowledge of Gollum but revealed that he travelled with both [[Aragorn]], the [[Heir of Isildur]], and [[Boromir]].<ref>{{TT|IV4}}</ref>

Faramir informed Frodo of Boromir's death, implying Frodo's involvement in it, though Frodo had not known of Boromir's death until that very moment. Unsure of how to deal with his captives, Faramir led Frodo and Sam, blindfolded, to [[Henneth Annûn]]. There he questioned them further in private, learning that the hobbits' errand was linked to the 'Isildur's bane' that had sent Boromir to [[Rivendell]] in the first place. Eager to earn their trust Faramir delivered his famous oath, saying that he "...would not take this thing, if it lay by the highway. Not were [[Minas Tirith]] falling in ruin and I alone could save her, so, using the weapon of the Dark Lord for her good and my glory. No, I do not wish for such triumphs". In a slip up however Samwise revealed the nature of 'Isildur's bane' and so Faramir was tested, just as Boromir had been, by the lure of The Ring. Where Boromir failed Faramir succeeded, leading Samwise to remark that Faramir had "shown [his] quality".<ref>{{TT|IV5}}</ref>

During the night, Faramir's watch spotted Gollum fishing in the Forbidden Pool. Faramir called Frodo to him who confessed to the part of Gollum in their errand, begging Faramir not to slay him. Gollum was caught and questioned and then surrendered to Frodo. The following morning Faramir released Frodo and Sam (with Gollum), but warned them strongly against taking the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]].<ref>{{TT|IV6}}</ref>

===In Pelennor/Minas Tirith===

Faramir returned to [[Osgiliath]] after his encounter with the hobbits, supervising the defense there. However he retreated over the [[Pelennor Fields]] to report to Denethor and was almost caught by the [[Nazgûl]] on their [[Fell Beasts]], but was saved by [[Gandalf]]. Faramir reached Minas Tirith, telling Denethor and Gandalf of what befell in Ithilien, but soon departed to supervise the defenses at his father's bidding. In this venture the host of the [[Witch-king]] came upon Osgiliath and Faramir was struck down by the [[Black Breath]]. Only a sorie by [[Imrahil]] and his knights saved the wounded (including Faramir) from that onset.<ref>{{RK|V4}}</ref>

Faramir remained out of action for the rest of the War of the Ring. During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields|Battle of Pelennor Fields]] Denethor planned to burn his stricken son alongside him and Faramir was once again saved by Gandalf, though Denethor completed his suicide.<ref>{{RK|V7}}</ref> After this he was taken to the [[Houses of Healing]] and healed by [[Aragorn]] after the battle.<ref>{{RK|V8}}</ref> Faramir spent the rest of the war recovering in the Houses of Healing where he met [[Éowyn]], also grievously wounded.<ref>{{RK|VI5}}</ref> The two fell in love and were married after the war.<ref>{{RK|VI6}}</ref>

===After the War of the Ring===

After the destruction of the [[The One Ring|Ring]] and the [[Battle of the Morannon]], Faramir, as Steward, led the ceremony in the crowning of [[Aragorn]] as King of Gondor and Arnor.<ref>{{RK|VI5}}</ref> Aragorn reinstated the original role of the [[Stewards]] before the failing of the [[Kings of Gondor]] and made Faramir the [[Prince of Ithilien]]. As Prince of Ithilien, Faramir was one of the two Chief Commanders of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] and his duty was to guard and maintain the eastern borders of Gondor. He also defeated the remaining enemies and cleansed the [[Morgul Vale]].

Faramir and Éowyn settled down in [[Emyn Arnen]], a range of hills in Ithilien in sight of [[Minas Tirith]], and Faramir became the [[Lord of Emyn Arnen]]. He and Eowyn had at least one son named [[Elboron]],<ref name="Elboron"/> who followed his father as Steward and Prince of Ithilien when Faramir died in the year {{FoA|82}}. Faramir lived to be 120 years old, due to the large percentage of pure [[Dúnedain]] ancestry he possessed as a member of the Gondorian nobility.<ref>{{App|South}}</ref>

== Inspirations ==
Faramir was, in the words of Tolkien, "modest, fair-minded and scrupulously just, and very merciful".<ref>{{L|244}}</ref> His appearance toward the end of ''[[The Two Towers]]'' apparently was as much of a surprise to Tolkien as it is to his readers. "I am sure I did not invent him," he wrote. "I did not even want him, though I like him".<ref>{{L|66}}</ref>

Faramir in many ways speaks for Tolkien, who was a soldier in [[World War I]], when he says, for example, "I do not love the bright sword for its sharpness... I love only that which they defend".<ref name="Window">{{TT|Window}}</ref> Much later, Tolkien would write, "As far as any character is 'like me', it is Faramir".<ref>{{L|180}}</ref>

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
A major player in the second half of ''The Lord of the Rings'', Faramir has found his portrayal both diminished and expanded.

<center><gallery>
File:WiMe-Faramir-1--.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''
Image:Faramir r-b.JPG|<center>''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]''
Image:Faramir the Ranger.jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''
</gallery></center>

'''1978: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]'':'''
:Faramir's role has been omitted. However, a young black-haired man is shown at the coronation of "King Aragorn", sitting on a horse beside Éowyn. It can be guessed that this is a cameo of Faramir. Whether he had at any time a larger part, that was cut for time restraints, is unknown.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Faramir is voiced by [[Andrew Seear]]. Because Boromir already named him during the Council of Elrond - in the book, he is simply called "my brother" - much of the mystery surrounding Faramir's first appearance is lost to the attentive listener.

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Faramir is portrayed as a blond, bearded man. He can be controlled by the player.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:[[David Wenham]] plays Faramir in this adaptation. He does not at first let Frodo, Sam, and Gollum go, but decides to bring them and the Ring to Gondor. He takes them west to [[Osgiliath]], crossing the river [[Anduin]], and not until the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] attack the city does he release them. Many fans of the book criticize this change, saying that it seriously damages the character. [[Peter Jackson]]'s explanation is that he needed another adventure to delay Frodo and Sam, because the episode at [[Cirith Ungol]] was moved to the third movie, and so a new climax was needed. Another explanation often cited is that it was felt that for dramatic reasons it was necessary to show character ''development'', which meant that Faramir had to go through some kind of struggle or difficult decision. Jackson also argued that it was necessary for Faramir to be tempted by the Ring because everyone else was tempted, and letting Faramir be immune would be inconsistent, at least in the eyes of a film audience, and would weaken the films' portrayal of the Ring.

:In the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers Special Extended DVD Edition|extended edition]], Jackson has included a flashback scene showing that Denethor has been neglecting him and favoring Boromir, so that Faramir wanted to please his father by bringing him the Ring. The relationship is similarly strained in the books, but there his father's favoritism does not seem to affect his decisions in Ithilien. On the whole, however, new Extended Edition scenes with Faramir brought the character closer to the sympathetic treatment of the books.

== See Also ==
* [[:Category: Images_of_Faramir|Images of Faramir]]

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race= gondorian
| house= [[House of Húrin]]
| born={{TA|2983}}
| died={{FoA|82}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=
| pvac=
| prev=[[Denethor II]]
| list=[[Ruling Steward|Ruling Steward of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|3019}}-{{TA|3019}}
| next=None
| nvac=
| nrow=
}}
{{seq
| prow=
| pvac=Vacant
| prev=[[Mardil|Mardil Voronwë]], 969 years earlier
| list=[[Steward of Gondor|Steward to the King of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|3019}} - {{FoA|82}}
| next=[[Elboron]]
| nvac=
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| prow=
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[Prince of Ithilien]]
| dates={{TA|3019}} - {{FoA|82}}
| next=
| nvac=
| nrow=
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rulingstewards}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Ruling stewards]]
[[Category:Stewards]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Faramir (Sohn von Denethor II.)]]
[[fi:Faramir]]
[[fa:فارامیر]]

Barad-dûr

2011-10-27T04:04:09Z

Arwen Elessar: /* Reconstruction */

{{location
| image=[[Image:John Howe - The Dark Tower.jpg|250px]]
| name=Barad-dûr
| type=Tower
| location=Northwestern [[Mordor]]
| inhabitants=[[Sauron]], [[Nazgûl]], [[Orcs]]
| realms=[[Mordor]]
| description= Gargantuan tower that hosted the [[Eye of Sauron]]
| othernames=Lugburz, The Dark Tower
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] "Dark Tower"
| events=[[Siege of Barad-dur]], [[Downfall of Barad-dûr]]
| references=
|}}

{{Pronounce|Barad-dur.mp3|Ardamir}}

<center>{{quote|...wall upon wall, battlement upon battlement, black, immeasurably strong, mountain of iron, gate of steel, tower of adamant... Barad-dûr, fortress of Sauron.|Vision of [[Frodo Baggins]]<ref name="Breaking">{{FR|Breaking}}</ref>}}</center>

'''Barad-dûr''', the '''Dark Tower''', was the chief fortress of [[Sauron]], on the Plateau of [[Gorgoroth]] in [[Mordor]]. Known in [[Black Speech]] as '''[[Lugbúrz]]''', the Eye of Sauron kept watch over [[Middle-earth]] from its highest tower.

==Description==
Barad-Dûr was built upon the end of a long southern spur of the [[Ered Lithui]] in the northern part of the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]]. It stood about 30 miles east of [[Mount Doom]] and about 100 miles southeast of the [[Black Gate]]. There was both a road leading north to the Black Gate and Sauron's road to the [[Sammath Naur]] leading west to Mount Doom.<ref name="Mount Doom">{{RK|Doom}}</ref> Latter ran from the Dark Tower's western gate over a deep abyss, the plain and around the mountain to the dark entrance of the Chambers of Fire.

Barad-Dûr was the greatest fortress ever built since the Fall of [[Angband]]. It was founded upon a mighty iron mountain throne above immeasurable pits and appeared even blacker and darker than the mantling clouds and shades in which it stood. It was immeasurably strong with its countless gargantuan towers, walls and battlements and was made of very hard and unbreakable substances.<ref name="Breaking"/> Usually it was described as made of steel, iron or adamant. It had gaping gates, great courts and dungeons with deep and terrible prisons.<ref name="Mount Doom"/>
Its topmost tower had cruel pinnacles and an iron crown from which in immeasurable height the piercing and never sleeping eye of Sauron stared out.

==History==
===First Building===
Sauron began to build Barad-dûr in around {{SA|1000}}, choosing Mordor as a land to make into a stronghold.<ref name="Tale">{{App|SA}}</ref> Around {{SA|1600}} he secretly forged the [[The One Ring|One Ring]] in the fires of [[Mount Doom]] and completed his fortress after 600 years of the construction with the power of the Ring.

During the following years Sauron was able to consolidate his power and extend it into the east.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> However, in {{SA|3262}}, [[Ar-Pharazôn]], king of [[Númenor]], landed at the [[Haven of Umbar]] with a great host and marched north to Mordor. Their splendor and might was so great that Sauron humbled himself before the king and came to Númenor as a hostage.

The year after the Downfall of Númenor in {{SA|3319}} Sauron's spirit secretly returned to Barad-dûr.<ref name="Tale"/> There he worked a terrible shape for himself, took up again the One Ring and prepared for war against the Eldar and the Exiles of Númenor who had established their realms in [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]].<ref name="Rings"/> He succeeded in taking [[Minas Ithil]] but in {{SA|3430}}<ref name="Tale"/> [[Elendil]] and [[Gil-galad]] forged the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] and defeated Sauron four years later in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]].<ref name="Rings"/> Then they passed into Mordor and besieged Barad-dûr. The siege lasted for seven years, Gil-galad and Elendil were slain and in {{SA|3441}}<ref name="Tale"/> Sauron was finally defeated.<ref name="Rings"/> Isildur son of Elendil cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand and took it for his own instead of destroying it. The Dark Tower was finally leveled but its foundations remained since Barad-dûr was created using the power of the One Ring and couldn't be destroyed as long as that existed.

===Reconstruction===
Around {{TA|1050}} Sauron returned and secretly made a stronghold at [[Dol Guldur]].<ref name="Tale"/> [[Gandalf]] did not discover that Sauron was the master of Dol Guldur until {{TA|2850}}, and in {{TA|2941}} the [[White Council]] attacked the fortress. Sauron retreated to Barad-dûr which the [[Nazgûl]] had prepared for him and began to rebuild it in {{TA|2951}}. From then on Sauron stayed in Barad-dûr and conducted his war on the free people of Middle-Earth from there.

On [[25 March|March 25]], {{TA|3019}} the ring-bearer [[Frodo Baggins]] succeeded in destroying the One Ring, although it was the creature [[Gollum]] who actually held the ring as it fell into the [[Cracks of Doom]]. With the Ring destroyed Barad-dûr ultimately collapsed to ruin and Sauron was finally defeated.

{{quote|A brief vision he had of swirling cloud, and in the midst of it towers and battlements, tall as hills, founded upon a mighty mountain-throne above immeasurable pits; great courts and dungeons, eyeless prisons sheer as cliffs, and gaping gates of steel and adamant: and then all passed. Towers fell and mountains slid; walls crumbled and melted, crashing down; vast spires of smoke and spouting steams went billowing up, up, until they toppled like an overwhelming wave, and its wild crest curled and came foaming down upon the land. And then at last over the miles between there came a rumble, rising to a deafening crash and roar; the earth shook, the plain heaved and cracked, and Orodruin reeled.|Vision of [[Samwise Gamgee]] from the downfall of Barad-Dûr<ref name="Mount Doom"/>}}

==Etymology==
Barad-Dûr translates from [[Sindarin]] as "Dark Tower". ''[[barad]]'' means "tower" and ''[[dûr]]'' means "dark".<ref name="App">{{S|Appendix}}</ref> Lugbúrz was the name of Barad-dûr in the [[Black Speech]] from ''[[Lug]]'' meaning "tower" and ''[[búrz]]'' meaning "dark".<ref>[http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/orkish.htm Orkish] at [[Ardalambion]]</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<center><gallery>
Image:Barad-dur_RB_Rotk.jpg|<center>''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]''</center>
Image:Barad-dur collapsing.jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''</center>
Image:Barad-dur_FOTR_game.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]]''</center>
Image:Barad-dur_BFMEI.jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]''</center>
Image:Barad-dur_BFMEII.jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''</center>
</gallery>
</center>

'''1980: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]'':'''
:Barad-dûr is portrayed as a simple fortress. During a [[The One Ring|ring]]-induced dream, [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] dreams of taking the Ring and storming the Tower, but his common sense gains the upper hand in time.<ref>''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)]]'', "[[Samwise the Strong]]"</ref>

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)]]'':'''
:Barad-dûr is one of the first sites visited. After the [[Witch-king]] captures [[Gollum]] snooping on the edge of Mordor, the [[Mouth of Sauron]] questions the creature in the Dark Tower.<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)]]'', "[[The Shadow of the Past (1982 episode)|The Shadow of the Past]]"</ref>

'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:In the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|''Lord of the Rings'' movies]] by [[Peter Jackson]], [[Richard Taylor]] and his design team built a 9 foot high miniature ("[[Bigatures|big-ature]]") of Barad-dûr for use in the film. Using the size scale for the model implemented for the films, the Dark Tower is depicted as being over 1500 meters (5,000 feet) tall.
:''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]'' also shows Barad-dûr as clearly visible from the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor. Even granting its enormous size, it was located one hundred miles away and to the east of the Gate, and behind the inner mountain ridges of [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]] so [[Aragorn]]'s army would probably not have been able to see it. In the film version, the geography of Mordor seems generally to have been compressed somewhat, perhaps for artistic reasons related to rendering such complex stories in a visual medium. In the case of the Black Gate scene, having Barad-dûr visible from the Gate means that the army can see the Eye of Sauron staring at them.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]]'':'''
:The Tower is briefly visible in the opening scene. [[Galadriel]] narrates a vision from her [[Mirror of Galadriel|Mirror]]. It is only referred to a "The Dark Tower of Mordor", and it is the base of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] (as opposed to [[Minas Morgul]]). The Eye of Sauron is portrayed as a fiery eye at the top, but only visible for a split second.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Barad-dûr is shown in the introduction scene, looking similar to its movie design. It does not play a role in any of the campaigns, and does not appear on any of the maps.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Like in its predecessor, the tower of Barad-dûr plays no active role in this game. In the "War of the Ring" mode, it can be seen in the territory of Mordor, but it is absent on the map itself.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Barad-dûr|Images of Barad-dûr]]
* [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
* [[Mordor]]

{{references}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barad-dur}}
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Mordor]]
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]
[[Category:Towers]]

[[de:Barad-dûr]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:mordor:barad-dur]]
[[fi:Barad-dûr]]
[[fi:Musta Torni]]

Barliman Butterbur

2011-10-26T23:34:45Z

Arwen Elessar: /* History */

{{expansion}}{{sources}}
{{men infobox
|image=[[Image:John Howe - Barliman Butterbur.jpg]]
|name=Barliman Butterbur
|othernames=
|birth=
|death=
|race=Men
|gender=male
|height=
|hair=
|eyes=
}}

'''Barliman Butterbur''' (late [[Third Age]] – early [[Fourth Age]]) was the owner of the Inn known as [[The Prancing Pony]] in [[Bree]].

==History==
Barliman appeared to have had a rather bad memory, "One thing drives out another" he says. He forgot to send [[Gandalf]]'s letter to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], leaving Frodo uncertain as to Gandalf's fate and causing him to start his journey much later than the letter indicated. He did not remember it until Frodo and his companions arrived to stay at the inn, and even then it was long before the connection was made. He did, however, remember to produce [[Aragorn|Strider]]'s credentials.

When Gandalf finally arrived at The Prancing Pony, he was furious with Barliman's forgetfulness, but quickly forgave him when he found out the Hobbits were alive. He even went so far as to put a blessing on his beer.

After the [[War of the Ring]], Barliman was amazed to learn that Strider, a former patron of the Prancing Pony, had become king of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]].

Barliman was a [[Men|Man]], but as Bree was inhabited by both Men and [[Hobbits]], he had two hobbit employees: [[Bob]], who worked in the stables, and [[Nob]], a servant.

==Etymology==
Barliman means "barley-man", a suitable name for an ale-brewer.<ref name="Nomen">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings|Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings]]" in [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] (eds), ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', pp. 754-5</ref>

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
<gallery>
Image:Ralph Bakshi's Barliman Butterbur.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]''
Image:Peter Jackson's Barliman Butterbur.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
Image:Barliman viv lotr.JPG|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]]''
Image:Barliman Butterbur lotro.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:Barliman was voiced by [[Alan Tilvern]].

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:He is played by [[David Weatherley]], although the character is not named and most of his scenes from the book (including the reference to Gandalf's letter) are not in the film.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Barliman is a non-playable character that can be found at the [[Prancing Pony]]. The player meets with him during Volume I ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|Shadows of Angmar]]'', Book I: ''[[Stirrings in the Darkness]]'', Foreword: "An Unwanted Guest".
{{references}}
[[Category:Bree-men]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[de:Gerstenmann Butterblume]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_de_bree/prosper_poiredebeurre]]
[[fi:Viljami Voivalvatti]]

Aragorn

2011-10-25T03:37:42Z

Arwen Elessar: /* Leading the Fellowship of the Ring */

{{disambig-two|the King of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]]|[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]|[[Aragorn I]]}}
{{arnorian
| image=[[Image:John Howe - Elessar (Battlefields boardgame).jpg|250px]]
| name=Aragorn II
| othernames=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], [[Elessar]], [[Thorongil]], Strider ([[Aragorn#Names and titles|see more below]])
| position=[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] and King of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]
| birth=[[1 March|March 1]], {{TA|2931}}
| rule={{TA|3019}} - {{FoA|120}}
| death={{FoA|120}} (210 years old)
| gender=Male
| parentage=[[Arathorn II]] & [[Gilraen]]
| spouse=[[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]]
| children=[[Eldarion]], at least two daughters
}}{{Pronounce|Aragorn Elessar.mp3|Ardamir}}
<center>{{quote|Tall as the sea-kings of old, he stood above all that were near; ancient of days he seemed and yet in the flower of manhood; and wisdom sat upon his brow, and strength and healing were in his hands, and a light was about him.|''[[The Return of the King]]'', [[The Steward and the King]]}}</center>
'''Aragorn''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈaraɡorn]}}; [[Third Age]] March 1, 2931 – [[Fourth Age]] 120, aged 210 years<ref>{{HM|AB}}.</ref>) was the son of [[Arathorn II]] and [[Gilraen]]. He was a [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] and a direct descendant through many generations of [[Isildur]], the last [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of both [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. Aragorn would become the greatest man of his time, leading the [[Dúnedain|Men of the West]] against [[Sauron]]'s forces, helping to destroy [[the One Ring]], and reuniting the [[Reunited Kingdom|Kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor]].

==History==
===Early Life===
At his birth in {{TA|2931}}, he received the name Aragorn from his father as "a name used in the House of the Chieftains". But his grandmother, Ivorwen, noted with foresight that Aragorn would one day wear on his breast a green stone; from this would come his royal name ''Elessar'' ([[Quenya]] for "Elfstone"), and he would be a healer and a renewer.

When Aragorn was two years old, his father was slain when an [[Orcs|Orc]] arrow pierced his eye. As was the tradition of his people, Aragorn was fostered in [[Rivendell]] by [[Elrond]] as if he was his own son. By Elrond's order, his identity was kept secret, as he feared he would be slain like his father and grandfather. Aragorn was named '''''[[Estel]]''''' ([[Sindarin]] for "Hope") instead, and was not told about his heritage until he came of age in {{TA|2951}}. During his life in Rivendell he acompanied the sons of Elrond, [[Elrohir]] and [[Elladan]], on their journeys.<ref name="A1v">{{App|A1v}}</ref>

Elrond revealed to "Estel" his true name and ancestry when he returned from a journey with Elrohir and Elladan in 2951, when Aragorn was twenty years old, and delivered to him the heirlooms of his House: the shards of [[Narsil]] and the [[Ring of Barahir]]. The next day, in the woods of Rivendell, Aragorn met and fell in love with [[Arwen]], daughter of Elrond, who had newly returned from [[Lothlórien]].<ref name="A1v"/>
[[Image:Stephen Hickman - Aragorn and Arwen.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Aragorn and Arwen'' by [[Stephen Hickman]]]]

===Life as a Ranger===
Aragorn took up his proper name as Aragorn II, sixteenth of the Chieftains of the Dúnedain, and after he took leave of his mother and Elrond he went into [[The Wild]].<ref name="A1v"/> In [[Third Age 2953|2953]] he was not present in Rivendell for the last meeting of the [[White Council]]. Aragorn met [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]] in [[Third Age 2956|2956]], and they became great friends.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> At Gandalf's advice he started to become interested in [[the Shire]], and became known around the area as '''''Strider'''''.
[[Image:Catherine Chmiel - Ecthelion,Thorongil and Boromir study.jpg|thumb|200px|right|"Thorongil" with [[Ecthelion II]], by [[Catherine Karina Chmiel]]]]
From [[Third Age 2957|2957]] to [[Third Age 2980|2980]] Aragorn took great journeys, serving in the armies of King [[Thengel]] of [[Rohan]], and Steward [[Ecthelion II]] of Gondor.<ref name="TA"/> Many of his tasks weakened [[Sauron]] and his allies, which during the [[War of the Ring]] helped the West survive. His name in Gondor and Rohan was '''''Thorongil''''' (Sindarin for "Eagle of the Star"), and became one of Ecthelion II's most important advisers. He warned Ecthelion for the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], who threathened the [[Southern Fiefs]] and was Eventually allowed by Ecthelion to attack [[Haven of Umbar|Umbar]]. He led a [[Surprise Attack on Umbar|Surprise Attack on the Havens of Umbar]] with a few Gondorian ships, destroying many of their ships and slaying its lord with only few casualties. After his return in [[Pelargir]] he crossed the [[Anduin]] and left Gondor to travel into the far East and South "exploring the hearts of men good and evil" and learning about the "plots and devices" of the servants of the Dark Lord.<ref>{{App|A1ivS}}</ref>

Later in 2980 on his return to Rivendell he entered [[Lothlórien]], and there once again met Arwen in [[Caras Galadhon]]. For one season they lived together in Lórien. At midsummer he gave her the heirloom of his House, the [[Ring of Barahir]], and Arwen pledged her hand to him in marriage.<ref name="A1v"/>

Elrond gave his foster-son permission to marry his daughter, on the condition that he must first become king of both Gondor and Arnor, for only a king would be worthy of Arwen's hand. This may seem a harsh condition, but it should be noted that it is significantly more lenient than the closest precedent: King [[Thingol]]'s request that [[Beren]] obtain a [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] from [[Morgoth]] before marrying his daughter [[Lúthien]].<ref name="A1v"/>

===Hunt for Gollum===
In the year [[Third Age 3001|3001]], as a now revealed [[Sauron]] continued to regain power in [[Mordor]], Aragorn began assisting [[Gandalf]] for news of [[Gollum]]. Gandalf suspected that the ring [[Bilbo Baggins]] found near Gollum's lake was in fact [[the One Ring]]. In {{TA|3007}} shortly returns to [[Eriador]] where he visits his mother for the last time, she dies before that year's spring.

In [[Third Age 3018|3018]] after searching intermittently over the years,<ref name="TA"/> Aragorn finally overtakes Gollum in the [[Dead Marshes]] on [[1 February]]. With Gollum he travelled through the northern [[Emyn Muil]], to prevent being found by Sauron's spies, and crossed the Anduin at the [[Sarn Gebir]]. He travelled further north along the edges of [[Fangorn]] and through Lórien,<ref name="UT">{{UT|Hunt}}</ref> where the Elves sended a message to Gandalf.<ref>{{UT|Hunt}}, Note 5</ref> He travelled alongside the Anduin to the north untill he arrived at the [[Carrock]]. With the aid of the [[Beornings]] he crossed the Anduin with Gollum and entered [[Mirkwood]]. He toke Gollum to [[Thranduil]] in to be held captive.<ref name="UT"/> He then returns west where he meets with Gandalf at [[Sarn Ford]] and learns of [[Frodo Baggins]]' plan to leave the shire with the ring.<ref name="Strider">{{FR|Strider}}</ref>

===War of the Ring===
Aragorn and his [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] kept watch over the border of [[the Shire]] waiting for sight of Frodo. While staying in [[Bree]], Aragorn crossed the paths of four hobbits in [[The Prancing Pony]]. Aragorn watched as the hobbits clumsily hid their names and intentions. He watched as [[Frodo Baggins]], the leader of the party, fell from a table and disappeared as he put the ring on. Aragorn, whose name was given as Strider, seemed to show no surprise, only annoyance at Frodo’s foolish vanishing act. He arranged for an interview that night, where he warned them of the [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]] and [[Bill Ferny]], then bluntly requested that they use him as a guide. After some consideration, and a note given them by the forgetful [[Barliman Butterbur]] from Gandalf condoning him, Frodo agreed.

Aragorn’s plan to reach Rivendell was to first head toward [[Archet]] and bear right to [[Weathertop]]. After the [[Ambush at Weathertop]] and the wounding of Frodo, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] took over the position as leader of the Hobbits. After a while they met [[Glorfindel]], a friend of Aragorn’s, and it was not much later that they arrived in Rivendell.

At the Council of Elrond Aragorn was as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]. Aragorn's intentions were to travel with the company for a while before returning to [[Gondor]] with [[Boromir]].
====Leading the Fellowship of the Ring====
Aragorn encouraged the taking of the [[Caradhras|Redhorn Pass]], which ended in disaster. He reluctantly conceded to Gandalf’s plan to pass through [[Khazad-dûm|Moria]], though his sense of foresight warned him for Gandalf. Indeed, after Gandalf fell into the abyss with [[Durin's Bane]], Aragorn was naturally elected leader of the company, despite some resentment by Boromir.

Aragorn again amazed the rest of the Fellowship by his apparent closeness to the people of [[Lothlórien]], and his friendship with [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]. At their departure, Galadriel offered him the [[Elfstone]] as a wedding gift from the family of the Elven bride to the groom, foretelling his marriage to Arwen.<ref>{{MR|P3II3}}</ref>. It was worn by Aragorn ever after and from that he later took the name '''Elessar'''.

Even at the [[Rauros|Falls of Rauros]] he was undecided, leaving it to Frodo for the final decision. For though it was obvious he wished to go to [[Minas Tirith]] with Boromir, he yet felt that it was his duty to go where the [[Ring-bearer]] chose.

[[Image:Inger Edelfeldt - Death of Boromir.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Aragorn at the death of Boromir, by [[Inger Edelfeldt]]]]
After Frodo escaped him and Boromir perished, he with the remaining members of the Fellowship, namely [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]], chose to try and save [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] from the [[Uruk-hai]] that had ambushed them, forming the group that would later be known as the [[Three Hunters]].

He met [[Éomer]] in the fields of [[Rohan]], and an instant friendship formed, both feeling the honesty and lordliness of the other. Éomer took a risk for his sake, giving him horses, with the promise that one day soon Aragorn would return to [[Edoras]]. Aragorn, tracking the Hobbits, followed into Fangorn forest, where he met the resurrected [[Gandalf|Gandalf the White]]. After the restoration of [[Théoden]], he rode to [[Helm's Deep]] to fight in the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. There he, alongside his new-found “brother” Éomer, and King Théoden, marshaled the defense against [[Saruman]]’s army. His revealed majesty upon the battlements of the Hornburg as he waited for the dawn caused some of the [[Dunlendings|Wild men]] to pause and shudder, and he heralded the return of Gandalf with [[Erkenbrand]].

After Pippin’s terrifying experience with the [[Orthanc-stone]], Gandalf presented it in a formal manner to Aragorn, its rightful master, who hinted that it would be used by him eventually. After the departure of Gandalf and Pippin to Minas Tirith, he rode for a while longer with Théoden, meeting up with his friend [[Halbarad]] of the North, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], and a company of staunch and fearless Rangers. Elladan and Elrohir gave him a message from Elrond: "''The days are short. If thou art in haste, remember the [[Paths of the Dead]]''". Halbarad bore a gift from the Lady Arwen – the [[Standard of Elendil]]. Aragorn knew the path set before him.

====Return of the King====
A little while later Aragorn took his companions and his rangers and set out for [[Dunharrow]], departing from the King’s company. His course was clear: to take the Paths of the Dead, to summon the [[Oathbreakers|Dead Men]]. In Dunharrow, he met the lady [[Éowyn]], who had fallen in love with him. After making it clear that he could not accept her love, he turned towards the evil road with the dawn.

The [[Grey Company]] passed through the [[Dark Door]] and the [[Dwimorberg]], the Dead following, and coming at last to the [[Stone of Erech]], Aragorn summoned them to his aid. They drew their swords and blew their horns in answer, and swept down upon the [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]] at [[Pelargir]] drove the mariners away. Aragorn released them, and took the [[Black Ships]] north to Minas Tirith, where the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] raged. The Standard of Elendil broke forth, and his Dúnedain swept down, giving the final blow to the army of [[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]]. The counter-attacked army of [[Sauron]] crumbled utterly. But Aragorn did not enter the city.
[[Image:Luca Michelucci - 1999 - March.jpg|thumb|175px|left|The Black ships, by [[Luca Michelucci]]]]
Aragorn, furling his banner, appointed [[Imrahil]] the temporary lord of the City, as the law demanded. Eventually, however, Aragorn did come to the [[Houses of Healing]], where he tended and restored Merry, Éowyn, and [[Faramir]], in accordance with the prophecy “''The hands of the king are the hands of a healer, and so shall the rightful king be known''”. Aragorn then left the city, hooded and cloaked, and yet the people of Minas Tirith followed him, for they had heard rumours. Yet when in the morning they saw the banner of [[Dol Amroth]], they wondered if the Return of the King had been but a dream.

Aragorn held [[Last Debate|council]] with his trusted companions, namely Gandalf, Éomer, Imrahil, and Elrond’s sons – Halbarad had fallen in battle. He agreed to draw forth the forces of [[Mordor]] for the benefit of the [[Quest of the Ring]], and so arranged matters for the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. After the destruction of the Ring in [[Mount Doom|Orodruin]] and victory at the [[Morannon]], Aragorn returned at last in the triumphant manner that befitted his position. He was crowned at the gates of Minas Tirith, winning the hearts of the people of [[Gondor]]. Gandalf took him up the slopes of Mount [[Mindolluin]], and there Aragorn found the scion of [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]], the symbol of his mastery of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]. He wedded Arwen on Midsummer's day of 3019, and then was forced to bid his old friends farewell. He turned back to his new kingdom as the [[Fourth Age]] dawned and the Ringbearers left the shores of Middle-earth forever.

===Reign as Elessar===
[[File:Brothers Hildebrandt - Return of the King.jpg|thumb|[[Brothers Hildebrandt]] - The Return of the King]]Aragorn ruled the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of Gondor and Arnor until year 120 of the [[Fourth Age]]. He died after 210 years of life and 122 years of rule. His wife Arwen, now mortal, gave up her life shortly afterwards in year 121, aged 2,901.

He founded the [[House of Telcontar]], and was succeeded by his son [[Eldarion]]. He also had a number of daughters, whose names were not recorded.

Through his ancestor Elendil, Aragorn was a descendant of the [[Númenóreans]], great [[Men]] who were granted long lives by the [[Valar]]. Though [[Númenor]] was destroyed, its people lived on as the [[Dúnedain]], and like their ancestors they too were long-lived. Thus Aragorn lived to a great age, finally passing on at 210 years.

==Etymology==
The name '''''Aragorn''''' is [[Sindarin]], meaning '''"Revered King"''', from ''[[aran]]'' ("king") and ''[[gorn|(n)gorn]]'' ("dreaded, revered").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 113</ref>

This clear etymology from Tolkien was not revealed until the publication in 2007 of "Words, Phrases & Passages in ''The Lord of the Rings''", a late 1950s manuscript. Before that, several theories were proposed:
*[[Ruth S. Noel]] and several others proposed "King of the Tree",<ref>[[Ruth S. Noel]], ''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'', p. 114</ref> but Tolkien specifically said that this was not the case.<ref>{{L|347}}</ref>
*[[David Salo]] deduces "Having Kingly Valor"<ref>[[David Salo]], ''[[A Gateway to Sindarin]]'', p. 341</ref> from Tolkien's cryptic "'Kingly Valour' (for so is that name interpreted)".<ref>{{PM|Foreword}}, p. xii</ref> This is still the most often cited etymology; Robert Ireland's ''[[A Tolkien Dictionary]]'' gives the variation "Royal Zeal".<ref>Robert Ireland, ''[[A Tolkien Dictionary]]'', [http://www.quicksilver899.com/Tolkien/LOTR/LOTR_AC.html The Lord of the Rings A-C].</ref>
*[[Carl F. Hostetter]] proposed the meanings "King of the Globe" or "King of the Hill" in his analysis of the [[King's Letter]].<ref>[[Carl F. Hostetter]], "The 'King's Letter': An Historical and Comparative Analysis", [[Vinyar Tengwar 31|''Vinyar Tengwar'' 31]], p. 18</ref>

The [[Quenya]] form of ''Aragorn'' was '''''Aracorno'''''.<ref name="WP">{{PE|17}}, p. 71</ref>

===Names and titles===
* Aragorn II - Aragorn's name as [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]. He was likely named after [[Aragorn I]].
* [[Thorongil]] - [[Sindarin|S]] "Eagle of the Star", a pseudonym used in [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]]. Pronounced {{IPA|[θoˈroŋɡil]}}.
* Elessar - [[Quenya|Q]] "Elfstone", Aragorn's name as a king. Despite popular use as such, Aragorn was never known as "Aragorn Elessar", "Aragorn II Elessar" or "[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|King Aragorn]]". Pronounced {{IPA|[eˈlesːar]}}.
* Edhelharn - The [[Sindarin]] equivalent of Elessar, used in the King's Letter.<ref>{{SD|XI2}}, p. 128ff</ref> Pronounced {{IPA|[eˈðel.harn]}}.
* [[Elfstone]] - The [[Westron|Common Speech]] version of the previous two.
* [[Estel]] - [[Quenya|Q]]. Usually glossed as "Hope", the concept ''estel'' more widely means "hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose". Pronounced {{IPA|[ˈestel]}}.
* [[Strider (Aragorn)|Strider]] - A sobriquet given by the men of [[Bree]]. Aragorn used it mockingly.
* [[Wingfoot]] - A honorary name given by [[Éomer]] after the pursuit of the [[Uruk-hai]] through the [[Eastemnet]].
* [[Telcontar]] - A [[Quenya]] form of "Strider", this was the name of Elessar's Royal House. It was not used independently. Pronounced {{IPA|[telˈkontar]}}.
* [[Heir of Isildur|Isildur's Heir]] - A poetic address, as he was the heir of [[Isildur]].
* The Dúnadan - "[[Dúnedain|Man of the West]]", a name given by [[Bilbo Baggins]] when their friendship evolved.
* Longshanks - another, though less frequently used, sobriquet in Bree, ascribed to [[Bill Ferny]]. The legs of the [[Bree-landers|Bree-men]] were shorter than the legs of the [[Dúnedain]].
* Arakorno - A rare Quenya form of Aragorn, which only appeared in a discussion about the words for Quenya "and".<ref name="WP"/> Pronounced {{IPA|[ˌaraˈkorno]}}.

==Family tree==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | EAR |y| ELW | | GAL |y| CEL |GAL=[[Galadriel]]|CEL=[[Celeborn]]|EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]}}
{{familytree | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | ROS | | RON |y| CLB | | |ROS=[[Elros]]|RON=[[Elrond]]|CLB=[[Celebrían]]}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | KON | | | | |!| | | | | |KON=''[[Kings of Númenor]]''}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | LOA | | | | |!| | | | | |LOA=''[[Lords of Andúnië]]''}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | ELE | | | | |!| | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ISI | | ANA | | |!| | | | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]|ANA=[[Anárion]]}}
{{familytree | |:| | | |:| | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | KOA | | KOG | | |!| | | | | |KOA=''[[Kings of Arnor]]''|KOG=''[[Kings of Gondor]]''}}
{{familytree | |:| | | |:| | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | KOA | | OND | | |!| | | | | |OND=[[Ondoher]]|KOA=''[[Kings of Arthedain]]''}}
{{familytree | |:| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ARV |V| FIR | | |!| | | | | |ARV=[[Arvedui]]|FIR=[[Fíriel]]}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | COD | | | | |!| | | | | |COD=''[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]''}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | ART |y| GIL |!| | | | | |ART=[[Arathorn II]]|GIL=[[Gilraen]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | ARA |y| ARW | | | | |ARA='''ARAGORN II'''|ARW=[[Arwen]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | ELD | | SDS | | | | |ELD=[[Eldarion]]|SDS=''several sisters''}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the earliest unpublished versions of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' (see ''[[The History of The Lord of the Rings]]''), the character that later became Aragorn was called '''''[[Trotter]]''''' instead of Strider, and was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] instead of a [[Men|Man]]. He had wooden feet, because he had once traveled to Mordor and been tortured there.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<center><gallery>
File:WiMe-Aragorn&Frodo VS Nazgul-1-.png|<center>''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''</center>
Image:Strider from Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings.jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]]''</center>
Image:Aragorn from Rankin-Bass' The Return of the King.jpg|<center>''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King]]''</center>
Image:Aragorn grimace.jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''</center>
Image:Aragorn Anduril viv lotr.JPG|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''</center>
Image:Aragorn LOTRO.jpg|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''</center>
File:WITN-Aragorn in the Prancing Ponny.png|<center>''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''</center>
</gallery></center>

'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:The voice of Aragorn is provided by [[Godfrey Kenton]].

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:The voice of Aragorn is provided by [[John Hurt]]. Some critics have accused this character of looking too much like a [[wikipedia:Stereotypes_of_Native_Americans|stereotype of a Native American]].

'''1979: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|Mind's Eye's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:The voice of Aragorn is provided by [[Tom Luce]].

'''1980: ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Aragorn was voiced by [[Theodore Bikel]].

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Aragorn was voiced by [[Robert Stephens]].

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Aragorn is a playable character. He has brown hair and is bearded, he bears a golden sword.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Aragorn is played by [[Viggo Mortensen]], though originally, [[Stuart Townsend]] was cast in the role. Townsend was deemed too young. Mortensen had just two weeks to train for his first scene, the standoff with the [[Nazgûl]] at [[Weathertop]]. Mortensen portrays Aragorn full of self-doubt; a change that was presumably made to fit him in the modern "anti-hero" jacket.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:[[Daran Norris]] provided the voice of Aragorn.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers|Peter Jackson's The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Aragorn's part is this film is largely similar to the events in book. The most significant difference being that in the book, their was no [[Wargs|Warg]] attack on the party traveling to Helm's Deep and Aragorn did not fall down a cliff.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|Peter Jackson's The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Aragorn shows great trouble over the choice whether or not he should become king, whereas in the book, there is no doubt of his purpose to return as the king from the very first time his lineage is revealed.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Aragorn is a non-playable character, who the player first meets at [[the Prancing Pony]] and later in the story in [[Rivendell]] and [[Lórien]].

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:[[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] meet Aragorn in the Prancing Pony to warn him, on Halbarad's request, that the Nazgûl defeated the [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] who protected [[the Shire]] at the [[Sarn Ford]].<ref>[http://www.oxmonline.com/ Offical Xbox Magazine Online], [http://www.oxmonline.com/article/previews/g-l/lord-rings-war-north The Lord of the Rings: War in the North], dated [[28 April]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> Aragorn sends the three heroes to the ruins of the ancient city [[Fornost]].<ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/?tag=header%3Blogo Gamespot], [http://www.gamespot.com/showcases/LOTR?sid=6319720&overridePid=991493 Game Videos, The Lord of the Rings: War in the North New Heroes Movie] (accessed [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref>

'''See also:''' [http://dare.ubvu.vu.nl/bitstream/1871/10975/1/Aragorn_Final.pdf "Aragorn Seen Through Different Media"] by [[Connie Veugen]], comparing the introduction of Strider in Ralph Bakshi's film, the radio play, Peter Jackson's film and [[Vivendi]]'s [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|video game]] of ''The Fellowship of the Ring.

==Titles==
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Telcontar]] Continuation of the senior branch of the [[House of Isildur]]
| born=[[1 March|March 1]], {{TA|2931}}
| died={{FoA|120}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Arathorn II]]
| list=[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]
| dates={{TA|2933}} – T.A. 3019
| next=Position abolished
| nvac=None
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Gandalf]]
| list=Leader of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]
| dates=[[15 January|January 15]] - [[22 August|August 22]], {{TA|3019}}
| next=Position abolished
| nvac=None
}}
{{seq
| pvac=Vacant
| prev=Last held by: '''[[Eärnur]]''', 969 years earlier
| list=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| dates=T.A. 3019 – Fo.A. 120
| next=[[Eldarion]]
| nrow=4
}}
{{seq
| pvac=Vacant
| prev=Last held by: '''[[Eärendur]]''', 2,158 years earlier
| list=[[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]
| dates=T.A. 3019 – Fo.A. 120
}}
{{seq
| pvac=Vacant
| prev=Last held by: '''[[Isildur]]''', 3,017 years earlier
| list=[[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]
| dates=T.A. 3019 – Fo.A. 120
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=New title
| list=Head of the [[House of Telcontar]]
| dates=T.A. 3019 – Fo.A. 120
}}
{{seq-end}}{{northernline}}
{{fellowship}}

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Aragorn|Images of Aragorn]]
*[[Timeline of Aragorn II|Timeline of Aragorn]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]
[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:House of Aranarth]]
[[Category:House of Telcontar| ]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Aragorn II.]]
[[fa:آراگورن دوم]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/dunedain_du_nord/aragorn_ii]]
[[fi:Aragorn II]]

Bill the Pony

2011-10-24T23:36:28Z

Arwen Elessar: /* Portrayal in Adaptations */

[[Image:John Howe - Bill the Pony.jpg|thumb|''Bill the Pony'' by [[John Howe]].]]
"'''Bill'''" was [[Samwise Gamgee]]'s pony, named for its original owner [[Bill Ferny]]. The beast travelled with the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Company of the Ring]] through the leagues of [[Eriador]] to the [[West-gate of Moria]]. For fear of his safety, he was released into the wild, to make his way back to [[Bree]], where [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], who was fond of the pony, was reunited at the [[Prancing Pony]] towards the end of the [[War of the Ring]].

==Portrayal in Adaptations ==

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Bill can be found lost just west of Moria. There is a quest where the player has to escort Bill to safety from a pack of wolves.

[[Category:Horses]]
[[de:Lutz (Pony)]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:animaux:chevaux:bill]]
[[fi:Bil]]

Third Age 3021

2011-10-24T23:35:46Z

Arwen Elessar: /* September */

==March==
* '''24''' - The last day of the [[Third Age]], according to the reckoning of [[Gondor]].
* '''25''' - [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]'s daughter [[Elanor]] is born. The beginning of the [[Fourth Age]], according to the calendars of Gondor.

==September==
* '''21''' - [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] set out from [[Hobbiton]] for the [[Grey Havens]].
* '''22''' - [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] meet the [[Last Riding of the Keepers]].
* '''29''' - Departure of the [[Ring-bearers]] for [[Valinor]].

==October==
* '''6''' - Sam returns to [[Bag End]] on his faithful pony, [[Bill the Pony|Bill]].

[[Category:Third Age years]]

User:Arwen Elessar

2011-10-23T17:41:19Z

Arwen Elessar:

{|align=right border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4
!align=center bgcolor=#FFFFFF|Information
|-
|{{user lore-3}}
|}

Hello. I ''love'' Lord of the Rings. I'm 15 years-old, and have read LOTR multiple times. I first got interested in Tolkien's works when my parents showed me the first movie of Peter Jackson's trilogy, and once I'd seen all 3 movies, I decided to give the novel a chance and I loved it. I have read the novel several times, and have yet to read it again.

One can easily tell by my username that my favorite character is Arwen, although I love everyone else just the same. I personally loved how the movies featured her as a prominent character, as she was rarely present in the book. The one thing I hated in the movies (''Return of the King'' to be more specific) was how they totally ruined Sam and Frodo's friendship by having Frodo turn on Sam. The changes they made to Faramir's character, however, I didn't really mind. My favorite movie of the trilogy is ''Return of the King'', as it is (in my opinion) the heart and soul of the series.

[[File:Greyhavens.jpg|300px]]

===Favorites===

* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee]]
* [[Arwen Evenstar]]

* [[Eowyn]]
* [[One Ring]]

Red Book of Westmarch

2011-10-23T17:22:28Z

Arwen Elessar: If I remember correctly, it was in Bag End, not Rivendell...

{{cleanup}}
{{disambig-more|Westmarch|[[Westmarch (disambiguation)]]}}
[[Image:Red Book of Westmarch.jpg|thumb|''Red Book of Westmarch'' by Jeffrey Reitz]]
The '''Red Book of Westmarch''' (sometimes ''Red Book of the [[Hobbits|Perian]]nath'') is the book in which the [[legendarium]] of [[Middle-earth]] was written. It is bound in red leather.

The first Red Book was written as a diary by the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Bilbo Baggins]] and recounted his quest for [[Erebor]], which he called ''There and Back Again''. He filled it with Elven lore while he retired to [[Rivendell]] (''[[Translations from the Elvish]]'') where he gave it to Frodo.

Frodo organized Bilbo's manuscript and used it to write down his own quest during the [[War of the Ring]]. Inscribed within, it reads:

<center>
My Diary. My Unexpected Journey. 
'''There and Back Again.''' '''And What Happened After.''' 
Adventures of Five Hobbits. 
The Tale of the Great Ring, 
compiled by Bilbo Baggins from his own observations and the accounts of his friends. 
What we did in the War of the Ring. 
'''THE DOWNFALL''' 
'''OF THE''' 
'''LORD OF THE RINGS''' 
'''AND THE''' 
'''RETURN OF THE KING''' 
(as seen by the Little People; being the memoirs of Bilbo and Frodo of the Shire, 
supplemented by the accounts of their friends and the learning of the Wise.) 
Together with extracts from Books of Lore translated by Bilbo in Rivendell.
</center>

Apart from Bilbo's translations of Elven legends from the [[Elder Days]], there were various Hobbit poems and a lot of background information on the realms of [[Arnor]], [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]], added to it by [[Peregrin Took]] and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] from their contacts in [[Rohan]] and [[Gondor]]. Other material was provided by [[Aragorn|King Elessar]].

After Bilbo and Frodo left for [[Valinor]], the Red Book passed into the keeping of [[Samwise Gamgee]], mayor of [[the Shire]]. The book was left in the possession of Sam Gamgee's eldest daughter, ''[[Elanor Gardner|Elanor Fairbairns]]'', and her descendants (the ''[[Fairbairn Family|Fairbairns]] of the Towers'' or ''[[Warden of Westmarch]]'').

The original book was kept in a red case (with a three-volume Elvish Translation and a fifth volume [genealogical tables and commentaries]). Several copies, with various notes and later additions, were made and copies were passed on to future generations, of which one, the "''[[Thain's Book]]''", is the most important.

The "original" version of the Red Book contained the story of Bilbo's journey as it originally stood: thus, Gollum willingly gives [[the One Ring]] to Bilbo, and there is no trace of the Ring's hold over Gollum. Later copies of the Red Book contained, as an alternative, also the true account (later written in by Frodo), where Bilbo comes across the Ring by accident.

==Inspiration==
{{quote|But most of all he [Tolkien] found delight in the Fairy Books of Andrew Lang, especially '''the Red Fairy Book''', for tucked away in its closing pages was the best story he had ever read. This was the tale of Sigurd who slew the dragon Fafnir: a strange and powerful tale set in the nameless North.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]}}

Tolkien's inspiration for this repository of lore was the real [[Red Book of Hergest]], the early 15th century compilation of Welsh history and poetry that contains the manuscript of the [[Mabinogion]]. Bound (and rebound) in red leather, in the [[Bodleian Library]], Oxford, the manuscript was well known to Tolkien.

In the first edition of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Tolkien's foreword claimed he had translated the Red Book from the original [[Westron]] into English, and it therefore must be supposed that copies of the book survived throughout several Ages.

The contents of the Red Book were probably as follows:
*Bilbo's journey: ''[[The Hobbit]]''
*Frodo's journey: ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''
*Background information: the [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]] to ''The Lord of the Rings,'' [[Unfinished Tales]], [[The History of Middle-earth]]
*Hobbit poetry and legends: ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]''
*[[Translations from the Elvish]]: ''[[The Silmarillion]]''

==Portrayals in adaptations==
In [[Peter Jackson]]'s movie trilogy, the Red Book appears at the end of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]'', where Frodo entrusts the book to Samwise just before he leaves Middle-earth. It also seen in the extended version of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', where Bilbo is seen writing in it at [[Bag End]].

==See also==
* [[Third Age]]
* [[Westmarch]]

[[Category:Books within the Legendarium]]
[[de:Das Rote Buch der Westmark]]
[[fi:Länsikairan Punainen Kirja]]

User:Arwen Elessar

2011-10-23T17:15:14Z

Arwen Elessar:

{|align=right border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4
!align=center bgcolor=#FFFFFF|Information
|-
|{{user lore-3}}
|}

Hello. I ''love'' Lord of the Rings. I'm 15 years-old, and have read LOTR multiple times. I first got interested in Tolkien's works when my parents showed me the first movie of Peter Jackson's trilogy, and once I'd seen all 3 movies, I decided to give the novel a chance and I loved it.

One can easily tell by my username that my favorite character is Arwen, although I love everyone else just the same. I personally loved how the movies featured her as a prominent character, as she was rarely present in the book. The one thing I hated in the movies (''Return of the King'' to be more specific) was how they totally ruined Sam and Frodo's friendship by having Frodo turn on Sam. The changes they made to Faramir's character, however, I didn't really mind. My favorite movie of the trilogy is ''Return of the King'', as it is (in my opinion) the heart and soul of the series.

[[File:Greyhavens.jpg|300px]]

===Favorites===

* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee]]
* [[Arwen Evenstar]]

* [[Eowyn]]
* [[One Ring]]

User:Arwen Elessar

2011-10-23T16:35:45Z

Arwen Elessar:

Hello. I ''love'' Lord of the Rings. I'm 15 years-old, and have read LOTR multiple times. I first got interested in Tolkien's works when my parents showed me the first movie of Peter Jackson's trilogy, and once I'd seen all 3 movies, I decided to give the novel a chance and I loved it.

One can easily tell by my username that my favorite character is Arwen, although I love everyone else just the same. I personally loved how the movies featured her as a prominent character, as she was rarely present in the book. The one thing I hated in the movies (''Return of the King'' to be more specific) was how they totally ruined Sam and Frodo's friendship by having Frodo turn on Sam. The changes they made to Faramir's character, however, I didn't really mind. My favorite movie of the trilogy is ''Return of the King'', as it is (in my opinion) the heart and soul of the series.

[[File:Greyhavens.jpg|300px]]

===Favorites===

* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee]]
* [[Arwen Evenstar]]

* [[Eowyn]]
* [[One Ring]]

User:Arwen Elessar

2011-10-23T16:35:20Z

Arwen Elessar:

Hello. I ''love'' Lord of the Rings. I'm 15 years-old, and have read LOTR multiple times. I first got interested in Tolkien's works when my parents showed me the first movie of Peter Jackson's trilogy, and once I'd seen all 3 movies, I decided to give the novel a chance and I loved it.

One can easily tell by my username that my favorite character is Arwen, although I love everyone else just the same. I personally loved how the movies featured her as a prominent character, as she was rarely present in the book. The one thing I hated in the movies (''Return of the King'' to be more specific) was how they totally ruined Sam and Frodo's friendship by having Frodo turn on Sam. The changes they made to Faramir's character, however, I didn't really mind. My favorite movie of the trilogy is ''Return of the King'', as it is (in my opinion) the heart and soul of the series.

[[File:2003 The Lord of the Ring The Return of the King 002.jpg|300px]]
[[File:Greyhavens.jpg|300px]]

===Favorites===

* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee]]
* [[Arwen Evenstar]]

* [[Eowyn]]
* [[One Ring]]

Arwen Elessar:

Hello. I ''love'' Lord of the Rings. I'm 15 years-old, and have read LOTR multiple times. I currently contribute to Smallville wiki, Vampire Diaries wiki, Tolkien wiki and Lostpedia under the username TomWellingishot.

[[File:2003 The Lord of the Ring The Return of the King 002.jpg|300px]]

===Favorites===

* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee]]
* [[Arwen Evenstar]]

* [[Eowyn]]
* [[One Ring]]

Battle of the Pelennor Fields

2011-08-18T16:24:07Z

Arwen Elessar: /* Battle */

{{cleanup}}{{sources}}
{{battle|
image=[[Image:Perkan Pickman - The Battle of the Pelennor Fields.jpg|300px]]|
name=Battle of Pelennor Fields|
conflict=[[War of the Ring]]|
date=March 15, 3019 T.A.|
place=[[Minas Tirith]] and fields of [[Pelennor]], [[Gondor]]|
result= Victory of Gondor and Rohan|
side1=[[Gondor]], [[Rohan]]|
side2= [[Mordor]], [[Harad]], [[Rhûn]], [[Khand]]|
commanders1=*[[Denethor II|Denethor]] †
*[[Gandalf]]
*[[Forlong]] †
*[[Imrahil]]
*[[Hirluin]]†
*[[Théoden]] †
*[[Grimbold]]†
*[[Aragorn]]
*[[Éomer]]
| commanders2=*The [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] †
*[[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]]
| forces1=In [[Minas Tirith]]: Minas Tirith Garrison (strength unknown); possibly around 2200 troops. Around 1000 survivors from Osgiliath. Approx. 2,800 men from Southern Gondor.{{fact}} 6000+ Rohirrim cavalry<ref name="Muster">{{RK|Muster}}; quote from [[Théoden]], "''Yet six thousands at the least shall ride behind me.''"</ref> Unknown number of Men of Southern Gondor under Aragorn arriving from the south (possibly 2-4,000)
| forces2=Unknown total strength, but vast numerical superiority to Gondor's forces in Minas Tirith; possibly over 100,000. Forces consisting of [[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Wargs]], [[Oliphaunts]], the [[Nazgûl]], 18000 [[Haradrim]], and thousands of [[Easterlings]] (Men of Rhûn, Variags of Khand, etc.)
| casual1=2000 [[Rohirrim]], 3000-4500 overall (number unknown){{fact}}; see article
| casual2=Complete destruction of attacking force
}}{{wotr}}
'''Battle of Pelennor Fields''' was the greatest battle of the [[War of the Ring]], and indeed the largest of the entire [[Third Age]].

==History==
===Prelude===
After the fall of [[Osgiliath]] there was no longer a barrier against the forces of [[Mordor]], which moved on the [[Pelennor Fields]] before the city on [[15 March|March 15]], [[Third Age 3019]] as the [[Great Darkness]] blotted out the sun.

===Opposing Forces===
Mordor's troops consisted of more than 30,000 [[Easterlings]] and [[Haradrim]],{{fact}} numerous [[mûmakil|oliphaunts]], and tens of thousands of [[Orcs]];
The defenders' numbers were considerably less. the city's garrison likely was no more than 2,000, the survivors from Osgiliath probably numbered around 1,000 (One third of that garrison were killed), there were about 2,800 men from southern [[Gondor]] who arrived just before the siege commenced.

===Battle===
The attackers used catapults not only to attack the city, through bombardment and flames, but also to fire the heads of slain men from Osgiliath and other places Mordor's armies had passed through into it.{{fact}} Later on, the great battering ram [[Grond (battering-ram)|Grond]] (named after [[Morgoth]]'s weapon from the First Age) was put into action.

Before dawn Grond was used to break the city's main gate, and the [[Witch-king]] rode into the city unchallenged, save by [[Gandalf]]. Before Gandalf's strength was put to the test, however, the cock crowed and the horns of [[Rohan]] were heard as around 6,000 of their riders joined the battle. Mordor's strategy for keeping Rohan out of the battle had failed twice, both through the defeat at Helm's Deep and the blockade in Anorien. So the Witch-king was forced to ride out and attack them instead of fighting Gandalf and destroying the city.

King Théoden's charge drove the Mordor forces from the northern half of the field, and charging the Haradrim cavalry he slew the Southron chieftain, the [[Black Serpent]], and cut down his standardbearer.

When the Witch-king's fell beast attacked King [[Théoden]] of Rohan, the king's horse [[Snowmane]] lost control, and was hit by an arrow. Snowmane fell with the king atop him, and the horse landed on him, which proved fatal. The warrior [[Dernhelm]], defending the king's body, slew the fell beast and challenged its rider. The Witch-king mocked him, telling him that no living man might slay him, but the [[hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] wounded him with a sword that had been forged centuries before during the war between [[Arnor]] and [[Angmar]] and which contained spells against the Witch-king. The spells finally found their target, for the Witch-king was distracted and possibly seriously weakened. He was then slain by Dernhelm, now revealed as Théoden's niece [[Éowyn]] and thus no ''man'' at all. The [[Black Breath]] caused both Merry and Éowyn to become gravely ill, and they were sent to the [[Houses of Healing]] in the city. Command of the Rohirrim then passed to Théoden's nephew and heir, Third Marshall Éomer.

At the same time, [[Faramir]], son of [[Denethor II|Denethor]], Steward of Gondor, was also gravely wounded. Despairing at the visions of defeat that [[Sauron]] had sent him via his ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'', and believing Faramir to be beyond aid, Denethor prepared to burn himself and his son upon a funeral pyre. Only the intervention of [[Peregrin Took]] and Gandalf saved Faramir, but Denethor immolated himself before they could prevent him.

Meanwhile, the battle turned against the Rohirrim. The Southrons charged with their Mûmakil and wherever they went horses went wild with fear or were trampled underfoot, and the forces of Mordor rallied around them like islands of defense that the Rohirrim cavalry could not overtake. Éomer, grim after the death of Théoden but shocked by the unexpected (seeming) death of his sister Éowyn, the last living member of his family, flew into a [[berserker]] rage and charged his cavalry headlong into the larger enemy forces. So great was the wrath of the outnumbered Rohirrim at the death of their King that they broke through the superior Mordor forces, hammering deep wedges into the Mordor legions' front lines. However, this soon turned against Éomer: his cavalry had pierced the Enemy front lines so quickly that his company was now cut off from the other two, and surrounded between Mordor's front lines and their reserves. Fighting their way to the docks near the Harlond south of the city, Éomer desperately circled up his men on a hill and prepared to fight to the death, when he saw enemy reinforcements sailing up the River [[Anduin]], and let out a defiant cry at his approaching end.
[[Image:Anke Eissmann - The Black Serpent founders.jpg|right|thumb|300px|''The Black Serpent founders'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
One of the visions that Denethor had seen was of a fleet of enemy ships with black sails arriving at the landings to the south of the Pelennor in the Rammas, but what he had not seen was that they were actually manned by [[Aragorn]] and other [[Rangers of the North]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], [[Elladan]], [[Elrohir]] and many reinforcements from southern fiefdoms of Gondor. As Aragorn's army drove north a great part of Mordor's forces were pinned between Aragorn and Eomer's cavalry, and were "caught between the hammer and the anvil". Aragorn's army then linked with Eomer's, and with their aid the tide of battle was finally turned, and a brief respite was won until the [[Battle of the Morannon|final battle]] before the [[Morannon|Black Gate]].

=== Aftermath ===

There is no clearly stated final death toll for the Battle of Pelennor Fields. There is a definite figure for the cavalry of the Rohirrim that came to Gondor's defence; it consisted of 6,000 riders, and a full 2,000 were killed in the battle, including Théoden. Of the 5 to 6 thousand Gondorian defenders of Minas Tirith, and the large relief force of Gondor's southern provinces led by Aragorn, no definite figure remains. Two days after the battle, Aragorn led an army out to attack the Black Gate that consisted of 7,000 men (When he reached the Black Gate he had less than 6,000); 2,000 Rohirrim and 5,000 Gondorians. The size of Aragorn's relief force may have been over 5,000 or as little as 1,000, it is never stated. However, even a conservative estimate would place total Gondorian losses at 3,000, and more probably 5,000.

As for enemy losses, again, the size of Sauron's great army is not definitely known. There were at the very least 60,000, and this is almost surely an overconservative estimation. In [[Peter Jackson]]'s movie adaptation, the enemy numbered over 200,000, and this may be accurate with the number present in the text. It is known that there were some 18,000 [[Haradrim]]. (The Rohirrim, consisting of 6,000 riders, were "thrice outnumbered by the Haradrim alone".) The Enemy's army was utterly destroyed on the field: all War [[Mûmakil]] were killed, the Lord of the Nazgûl was slain, numerous Trolls, and perhaps all of the Orcs (which composed the majority of the army) were killed, those that retreated drowning in the River Anduin. Many Easterlings and Haradrim proudly fought to the death when the tide turned, even as the Orcs were cowardly running away, with few escaping to send news of the power and wrath of Gondor to lands east and south.

Although a great and almost miraculous victory, at the subsequent Last Debate, Gandalf counseled that militarily, Sauron would still defeat them. The Free Peoples had managed to destroy an army outnumbering them at least 10 to 1, but lost almost a third of their own forces. Sauron had suffered a defeat, but he still had other legions and the force that attacked Minas Tirith, while substantial, was but a fraction of his total strength. Rohan and Gondor had been able to secure their flanks, eliminating the threat of Isengard and the Corsairs on the southern coasts, but Gandalf counseled that even with all of their forces concentrated in the main front near Minas Tirith, it would simply be enduring wave after wave of siege like a sandcastle being worn down by the ocean. Thus, it was agreed that it was impossible to achieve a conventional military victory through strength of arms, and instead to risk all on a last throw of the dice by Aragorn leading a diversionary attack on the Black Gate, to aid Frodo's passage in Mordor.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:The battle is the major centrepiece of the last film, although some of the events described above are simplified or altered for cinematic purposes. Importance is given to the charge of the Mûmakil, the death of Théoden and the Witch-king's demise at the hands of Eowyn.

:The battle begins with [[Sauron]]'s forces marching on the city and firing a volley of severed [[Gondorians|Gondorian]] heads over the walls (as in the book). Seeing [[Mordor]]'s overwhelming army, [[Denethor II|Denethor]] despairs and Gandalf assumes command of the defenders. Both Sauron's army and the defenders of Minas Tirith exchange fire by way of catapults and trebuchets: many orcs, and a few dozen Gondorian soldiers, were killed whilst some catapults and siege towers were destroyed. Then the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], mounted on top of their fell-beasts, descended from the skies, spreading fear throughout the city and destroying many catapults. Meanwhile trolls bring forth the siege towers and engage the Gondorian troops and [[Gandalf]] in combat throughout the night. As the battle wages continues in the dark the [[orcs]] bring forth a giant battering ram named [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]] and with it the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith]] are shattered allowing the orcs, [[trolls]] and [[wargs]] to invade the city. In the book the populace was almost entirely evacuated before the battle. In the movie, the women and children remained, and many were slaughtered in the lower levels.

:By morning the Gondorian soldiers had taken heavy casualties and retreated to the higher levels of Minas Tirith, there Gandalf helps them to hold out until [[Théoden]] and six thousand [[Rohirrim]] arrive, decimating the invading orcs and routing the Witch-king's right flank; however, Sauron's reserves soon arrive with several [[Oliphaunts]], commanded by the [[Haradrim]], who turn the tide against the Rohirrim. Fortunately, [[Aragorn]] arrives with the [[Oathbreakers|Army of the Dead]] (see [[Paths of the Dead]]), who crush Sauron's forces.

{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the War of the Ring]]
[[de:Schlacht auf dem Pelennor]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:3a:guerres:bataille_des_champs_du_pelennor]]
[[fi:Pelennorin kenttien taistelu]]