Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Fall of Mount Gundabad

2019-03-30T23:20:46Z

Avari1:

The '''Fall of Mount Gundabad''', took place after [[Sack of Eregion|Eregion was destroyed]].

After the doors of [[Khazad-Dûm]] were shut, [[Orcs]], reinforced and commanded by the servants of [[Sauron]], invaded [[Mount Gundabad]] and drove the [[Longbeard]] Dwarves from their holy site and dwelling. As a result, the [[Grey Mountains]] were infested and communication between [[Khazad-Dûm]] and the [[Iron Hills]] was cut off.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 305</ref>

{{References}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]

Cuiviénen

2019-03-30T23:02:45Z

Avari1:

{{location infobox
| name=Cuiviénen
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - At Lake Cuiviénen.jpg|250px]]
| caption="At Lake Cuiviénen" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun={{respell|koo|i|vee|eeh|nen}}
| othernames=Water of Awakening<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>
| location=The distant [[East]] of [[Middle-earth]], on the eastern shores of the [[Sea of Helcar]]
| type=Bay
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Elves]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[Awakening of the Elves]]
}}
{{Pronounce|Cuivienen.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Cuiviénen''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌkuɪviˈeːnen]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌkuɪβiˈeːnen]}}) was a bay on the shore of the inland [[Sea of Helcar]] in the far east of [[Middle-earth]] and by extension, the land near the [[Wild Wood]] at the foot of [[Orocarni]] where the [[Quendi]] or [[Elves]] awoke.<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref>

==History==
[[Ilúvatar|Eru]] first [[Awakening of the Elves|awoke]] the Elves there in approximately 1050 of the [[Years of the Trees]]. From the first they were divided into three groups: the [[Minyar]], [[Tatyar]], and [[Nelyar]]. They dwelt in Cuiviénen for more than five hundred [[Valian Years]] before the first [[Sundering of the Elves|sundering]]. Many of the Elves, particularly of the Minyar and Tatyar, journeyed west to [[Valinor]] and, if they did not tarry in Middle-earth, saw its light and became known as the [[Eldar]]. Those who remained were called the [[Avari]], the unwilling, for they did not desire to see the beauty of that land, but preferred the starlight of Cuiviénen.

==Etymology==
The [[Quenya]] name ''Cuiviénen'' (''[[cuivië]]'' "awakening" + ''[[nen]]'' "water") means "water of awakening".<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuivienen}}
[[Category:Bays]]
[[Category:Eastern lands]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[de:Cuiviénen]]
[[fi:Cuiviénen]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:eaux:cuivienen]]

Three Rings

2019-03-30T22:18:23Z

Avari1: clean up and tidied

{{quote|And of all the Elven-rings Sauron most desired to possess them, for those who had them in their keeping could ward off the decays of time and postpone the weariness of the world.|[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]}}
The '''Three Rings''' were magical artifacts, three of the [[Rings of Power]]. They were forged by Celebrimbor and his smiths with the desire of "understanding, making, and healing" and granted the power to preserve all things unstained.<ref name=l144>{{L|144}}</ref><ref name=council>{{FR|Council}}</ref> They were named '''[[Vilya]]''', '''[[Narya]]''', and '''[[Nenya]]''' after the principal elements of air, fire, and water (respectively).

Whereas the other [[Rings of Power]] gave the power to control and conquer, and [[Wraith-world|made their wearers invisible]], the Three were different. [[Sauron]] did not assist in their making nor ever did he touch them, and his taint was not directly upon them.<ref name=l131>{{L|131}}</ref> But, as they were created according to the craft taught by him, they would fall under the power of [[the One Ring]].<ref name=rings/>

==Names and descriptions of the Three Rings==

* '''[[Nenya]]''', The Ring of Water, also called the Ring of Adamant, made of ''[[mithril]]'' with a shimmering white stone; it was the chief of the Three<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, p. 251</ref> originally worn by [[Celebrimbor]] himself but given to [[Galadriel]].
* '''[[Narya]]''', The Ring of Fire, set with a ruby; originally worn by [[Círdan]] who gave it to [[Gandalf]].
* '''[[Vilya]]''', The Ring of Air and mightiest of the Three, gold with a sapphire stone; originally worn by [[Gil-galad]] but given to [[Elrond]].

The Rings were named after the three principal elements, each matching the colour of their stones. Their names also match the fates of the three [[Silmarils]].<ref group=note>[[Maglor]] threw one into the sea, [[Maedhros]] fell with one in the lava, while [[Earendil]] keeps one in the sky.</ref><ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Stan Brown|articleurl=http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q3-Names What were the names of the Three Rings, and what were they made of?|website=[http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm FAQ of the Rings]}}</ref> However not much is known about their specific powers and whether they had anything to do with each element.<ref>{{webcite|author=Stan Brown|articleurl=http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q3-Powers What special powers did the Three Rings have?|website=[http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm FAQ of the Rings]}}</ref>

==History==
After "[[Annatar]]" taught and assisted the [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]] with creating the [[Rings of Power]], he left [[Eregion]]. Celebrimbor's smiths proceeded then to forge Three more on their own with the knowledge already gained from him. Their forging was completed by around {{SA|1590}}.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> Annatar didn't learn about them, and they were "unsullied", free from Sauron's corrupting influence.

When Sauron created the One Ring, the Elves who wore the Rings of Power heard his voice and realized they had been deceived.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> Celebrimbor then sent his three rings away for safekeeping: He gave Nenya to [[Galadriel]] in [[Lothlórien]], who advised him to send the other two west away from Sauron, so he gave Vilya and Narya to [[High King of the Noldor|High King]] [[Gil-galad]] and [[Círdan]], respectively, in [[Lindon]].

As the Elves failed him, Sauron [[War of the Elves and Sauron|waged war]] against Eregion and succeeded in claiming the Rings of Power. But the Three remained outside his grasp and their whereabouts were seldom revealed.

After Sauron's defeat in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] at the end of the [[Second Age]], the [[Keepers of the Three Rings]] were free to wear them. During the [[Third Age]], the Rings were not idle.<ref>{{FR|Council}}, Elrond's words to Gloin</ref> They were used to create enclaves of peace and protection where memory and beauty were preserved from wear and decay.<ref name=rings/><ref name=l131/>

During the [[War of the Ring]] [[Frodo Baggins]] found out that Galadriel held Nenya, using it to preserve [[Lothlórien]] from withering, and [[Aragorn]] reprimanded him for revealing this. The other two rings were revealed at the end of the Third Age, after Frodo destroyed [[the One Ring]], and the Dark Lord Sauron was completely overthrown. It transpired that [[Elrond]] had wielded [[Vilya]] and presumably used its powers to keep [[Rivendell]] a haven safe from attack. It was [[Gandalf]] who wielded [[Narya]], given to him by [[Círdan]].<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, p.389</ref>

After the destruction of the One Ring, their power diminished and became plain relics. Not being able to hold back Time and preserve the High-elven lore and beauty, their bearers, in the [[Last Riding of the Keepers]], left [[Middle-earth]] on the [[White Ship]].<ref name=l144/><ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref> The [[Third Age]] ended and the [[Dominion of Men]] began.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:In the introduction of the movie, the Three Rings are said to be made "for the tall Elf Kings" as three unidentified silhouettes are seen holding and lifting the Rings.

'''2001-3: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:In the prologue to the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|first film]], the Three Rings are show briefly being borne by [[Galadriel]], [[Gil-galad]] and [[Círdan]]; later in the film Galadriel reveals to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] that she possesses [[Nenya]]. In the final film, although [[Gandalf]] can be seen wearing [[Narya]] its significance is never stated.

'''2014: [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]:'''
:In the [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of the film, we see Narya on Gandalf's finger as an [[Orcs|Orc]] attempts to cut off his hand in an attempt to claim it for [[Sauron]]. However, Galadriel arrives to rescue Gandalf and vanquishes the Orc in the nick of time. She can be seen wielding Nenya on her finger throughout the scene. During the subsequent battle against the Nazgûl, Vilya can be glimpsed on Elrond's finger.

{{references|notes}}

{{rings}}

[[Category:Rings and Jewels]]
[[de:Elbenringe]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/anneaux/trois_anneaux]]
[[fi:Kolme Sormusta]]

War of the Last Alliance

2019-03-30T21:18:08Z

Avari1:

{{war
| previous=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]
| next= [[Angmar War]]
| image=[[File:Matt DeMino - Sauron - War of the Last Alliance.png|275px]]
| name= War of the Last Alliance
| place= Mordor and lower Anduin region
| result= Victory for the [[Last Alliance]], fall of Sauron, loss of the One Ring
| battles= [[Fall of Minas Ithil]], [[Anárion's defense of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of Dagorlad]], [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| begin= {{SA|3429}}
| end= {{SA|3441}}
| side1= '''[[Last Alliance]]''': [[Dúnedain]]; [[Elves of Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Elves of Mirkwood|Mirkwood]], and [[Galadhrim|Lothlórien]]; [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]]; beasts and birds
| side2= Greater host than the [[Last Alliance|Alliance]]: myriads of [[Orcs]], [[Easterlings]], [[Haradrim]], some [[Dwarves]] of other Houses, beasts and birds, and other creatures of Sauron|
|casual1=Thousands, innumerable|
|casual2=Nearly all Orcs, Men, and other creatures were killed|
| commanders1=
{{Gil-galad blazon|died}}
* [[Elrond]]
* [[Oropher]] †
* [[Amdír]] †
* [[Elendil]] †
* [[Isildur]]
* [[Anárion]] †
| commanders2=
{{Sauron blazon}}
}}

The '''War of the Last Alliance''' was the war late in the [[Second Age]] in which the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] marched against the fortress of [[Sauron]], [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]]. Against all hope, they were victorious, but when [[the One Ring]] was not destroyed, [[Sauron]] rose again during the long years of the [[Third Age]].

== History ==
===Prelude===
Ever since his defeat in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]] Sauron nursed a special hatred against the [[Númenóreans]] and longed to take revenge on them.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> In {{SA|3261|n}}, Sauron dared to wage war against Númenor and the last [[King of Númenor]] [[Ar-Pharazôn]] had gathered a massive army to counter this threat. Perceiving the might and splendour of the Númenóreans Sauron's servants deserted him, and Sauron was filled with fear and humbled himself. He was brought as a hostage to Númenor and finally succeeded in taking his revenge by playing a vital role in the events that led to the Downfall. Yet of all Númenóreans he hated Elendil most, and his wrath was great that he and his sons had escaped.

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in {{SA|3319}} the remaining [[Faithful]] led by [[Elendil]] and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anarion]] established the [[Realms in Exile]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Elendil ruled [[Arnor]] in the north, Isildur and Anarion jointly ruled the southern realm of [[Gondor]]. [[Sauron]] however perished physically, by drowning; being caught in the Fall of Númenor which he had cleverly schemed to bring about. Yet nevertheless, even though he truly was drowned, Sauron's spirit endured; he returned to his fortress [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]] and was able in time to take shape again. However, it should be noted that hereafter Sauron could no longer take on a deceptively fair and greatly pleasing form, as Sauron had done so long before, in order to deceive the Elves and then again much later, the [[Númenóreans]] too, whilst he was held a willing captive.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Opening Stages===
Perceiving that his enemies of old had escaped the downfall, Sauron's wrath was great and in {{SA|3429|n}} he launched an attack upon Isildur's fortress, Minas Ithil. Believing that Sauron had perished in the [[Downfall of Númenor]], they were completely taken by surprise, [[Minas Ithil]] was taken, and the [[White Tree of Gondor]] that Isildur had planted there was burned. Nevertheless Isildur, his wife and children escaped, saving a seedling of the tree, too, and sailing down [[Anduin]] journeyed to Elendil's realm in Arnor. There Elendil and [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]] forged the [[Last Alliance|Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] in {{SA|3430|n}}, to defeat Sauron ultimately. Meanwhile, Anárion held out in Gondor, defending [[Osgiliath]] and [[Minas Anor]]<ref name="Rings"/>.

In {{SA|3431}}, the [[Elves of Lindon]] led by Gil-galad and [[Círdan]] marched eastward and were awaited by Elendil at [[Amon Sûl]]. The combined host marched towards [[Rivendell|Imladris]], where they joined with [[Elrond|Lord Elrond]], who was Gil-galad's herald, and acted as his second-in-command in the coming campaign.

The united host rested for about three years in Imladris, forging weapons and making plans. They crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] over many passes and marched down [[Anduin]] where they were joined by Dwarves from [[Khazad-dûm]], Elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] led by [[Oropher]] and his son [[Thranduil]], and Lothlórien Elves under [[Amdír]]<ref name="Rings"/><ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>. At the southern eaves of [[Eryn Galen]], the host turned south-east and marched through desolate areas that had once been the [[Entwives]]' gardens. They, and probably the Entwives themselves, had been destroyed by [[Sauron]] to deprive the Alliance's forces of supplies<ref>{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref>.

The Alliance entered the vast plain outside Mordor where they were joined by Anárion's forces. There Sauron's host awaited them from the north-west.

Of the Dwarves, few fought upon either side; but the kindred of [[Durin]] of [[Moria]] fought against [[Sauron]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien,]] [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), [[The Silmarillion]], "[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]"</ref>

=== The [[Battle of Dagorlad]] ===
During preliminary skirmishing, [[Oropher]] and his Elves, being scantily equipped, rashly charged forward into the numerous Orc forces before Gil-galad had given the command, and suffered heavy casualties, including Oropher himself. Amdír and his forces also were cut off from the main battle and driven into the marshes just to the south, where he also fell along with half of his troops<ref name="Silvan Princes"/>. This area became known afterwards as the [[Dead Marshes]], because of the thousands of bodies buried there.

This battle raged for days and nights continuously. But the Elves were still mighty in these times and the Númenóreans were tall and strong and terrible. And none could withstand [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]] and [[Narsil]], Gil-galad's spear and Elendil's sword which filled the orcs and wicked men with fear. Slowly Elves and Númenóreans whittled down the vast numbers of Orcs and pushed them back towards the [[Black Gate]]<ref name="Rings"/>.
No account is given how the Alliance managed to break through this mighty fortification though.

=== The [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] ===

The forces of the Last Alliance had forced their way through the Black Gate into Mordor itself. Victory seemed close, but no power short of the [[Valar]] could breach the [[Dark Tower]] by force. Though a great part of Sauron's forces was destroyed at the Dagorlad his host was still numerous and Sauron ordered many a sortie. The siege went on year after year, from {{SA|3434}} to {{SA|3441|n}}<ref name="Rings"/>. Isildur's sons, [[Aratan]] and [[Ciryon]], were detached and sent to Minas Ithil to guard against a breakout to the southwest, but his oldest son, Elendur served by his side till the end<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref>. [[Anárion]] was killed in {{SA|3440|n}} by a projectile thrown from the tower.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>

In the seventh year of the siege, it became so pressing that [[Sauron]] himself came forth. His onslaught was terrible and the siege was almost broken as Sauron and his host advanced to the slopes of [[Mount Doom]]. There he was encountered by the captains of the Alliance, Gil-galad and Elendil and to their side stood Elrond, Círdan and Isildur. Sauron fought with Gil-galad and Elendil, and both were slain. As Elendil fell, his sword was broken beneath him. Yet Sauron was thrown down, too, and Isildur seized the hilt of his father's sword and cut off the finger on which Sauron wore the One Ring. Being bereft of its power, Sauron was no longer able to hold a physical form and perished<ref name="Rings"/>.

===Aftermath===

The Alliance pursued the Orcs, who were then in disarray, and killed them all. The Barad-dûr was levelled but its foundations remained behind since they were built with the power of [[the One Ring]] which was not destroyed. The thousands of dead Men and Elves were taken out of Mordor and buried in the Dagorlad Plain.

Over the course of the war, which ended with the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|3441}}, most of the Silvan army had been lost. Thranduil led the remaining third of his army back home to the Greenwood.<ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

While he had captured [[the One Ring]], Isildur refused Elrond and Círdan's entreaties that he destroy it by casting it into the [[Crack of Doom]], claiming it as a weregild for his father's and brother's death<ref name="Rings"/>. The result of this was that while [[Sauron]] was defeated and cast down, his spirit was not destroyed. He hid in the dark lands east of Mordor, and slowly rebuilt his power. The Nine ([[Nazgûl]]) also bided their time for the day when he would rise again.

While the Orc armies of Sauron had been well nigh destroyed in the War, scattered groups of them survived. In the Last Alliance, the casualties had been heavy. [[Elendil]] and [[Anárion]] were gone, and [[Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]], was no more. [[Arnor]] took grievous losses, and suffered from a decline in population. It never really recovered as a major power and broke into three pieces some centuries later. [[Gondor]] suffered less heavily and became a powerful nation. [[Isildur]], the new [[Kings of Arnor|High King of Arnor]], perished only two years later in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], along with his three older sons. They were ambushed by an Orc task force operating near the River Anduin. In the course of Isildur's death, the Ring was lost in the depths of [[Anduin]]<ref name="Gladden"/>. Much was lost, but [[Sauron]] was suppressed-- for a while.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The [[War of the Last Alliance|entire venture]] of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] was combined into a short silhouette play, in which [[Isildur]] cut the [[The One Ring|Ring]] off [[Sauron]]'s hand in battle - not when Sauron was already conquered.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Last Alliance.jpg|thumb|right|240px|The War of the Last Alliance in ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'']]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:This film also compresses the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], the Siege, and the final duel into one, and places them all at [[Mount Doom]], in a prologue similar to that of the 1978 film. The main perspective of the entire prologue - ''One Ring to rule them All'' - lies with [[Elrond]]. The death of [[Gil-galad]] is not mentioned, [[Anárion]] is cut completely, and the deaths of [[Elendil]] and Sauron are rewritten: after coming forth, Sauron wreaks havoc among the [[Elves]] and [[Men]], and a blow from his mace throws Elendil against the mountainside, killing him. Isildur tries to take up [[Narsil]], but it breaks as Sauron steps on it. In a desperate strike, Isildur slashes the Ring, and four fingers, from Sauron's hand. Sauron's body sends a shockwave over the land and dissolves into nothingness.

:In a later scene, named ''[[The Fate of the Ring]]'', Elrond tells [[Gandalf]] of the final debate with Isildur, inside Mount Doom. [[Círdan]] is not present, and Isildur refuses by simply saying "No".

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':''''
:The war serves as the setting for the tutorial. The player controls Isildur making his way through Mordor.

{{References}}

[[Category:Second Age]]
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[Category:Wars]]

[[fr:encyclo/evenements/2a/guerres/guerre_de_la_derniere_alliance]]

Battle of Dagorlad

2019-03-30T21:18:02Z

Avari1:

{{disambig-more|Battle of Dagorlad|[[Battle of Dagorlad (disambiguation)]]}}
{{battle
|image=
|name=Battle of Dagorlad
|conflict=[[War of the Last Alliance]]
|date={{SA|3434}}
|place=The plains of Dagorlad outside Mordor
|result=Decisive victory for the Allies
|side1=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
|side2=Hosts of [[Mordor]]
|commanders1=
{{Gil-galad blazon}}
*[[Elendil]]
*[[Elrond]]
*[[Oropher]] †
*[[Amdír]] †
|commanders2= {{Sauron blazon}}
|forces1=Great host of [[Dúnedain]]; [[Elves of Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Elves of Mirkwood|Mirkwood]], and [[Galadhrim|Lothlórien]]; [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]]; beasts and birds
|forces2=Great host of [[Orcs]], [[Men of Darkness|Evil Men]], some [[Dwarves]] of other Houses, and other evil creatures
|casual1=Heavy: half of the [[Galadhrim]] army lost<ref name="Sindarin Princes">{{UT|Galadriel}}, "Appendix B: The Sindarin Princes of the Silvan Elves"</ref>
|casual2=Vast numbers, more than the allies|
}}
{{quote|It was a great battle. Tall Men with long swords, and terrible Elves, and Orcses shrieking. They fought on the plain for days and months at the Black Gates.|[[Gollum]]<ref name=Passage/>}}
The '''Battle of Dagorlad''' occurred in the year {{SA|3434|n}} of the [[Second Age]]. It was fought between the army of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] under [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]] and an army of [[Orcs]] and other creatures loyal to [[Sauron]]. The battle took place on the great, treeless, open plain between the [[Dead Marshes]] and [[Cirith Gorgor]].

== History ==
===Prelude===
{{main|War of the Last Alliance}}
The united host of Elves and Men crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] and marched south through the vale of [[Anduin]], where they were joined by the [[Silvan Elves]] led by [[Amdír]]<ref group=note>In the text in the [[Unfinished Tales]] Amdír is named [[Malgalad]].</ref> and [[Oropher]],<ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref> with a host from [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

The Alliance entered the vast plain near the [[Black Gate]], where they were joined by Anárion's forces from the south, and confronted at last the black legions of Mordor.

The Silvan Elves had little sympathy for the [[Sindar]] and [[Noldor]] that were led by Gil-galad. As a result, they were indisposed to place themselves under the supreme command of the [[High King of the Noldor]].
===The Battle===
During preliminary skirmishing, the Silvan Elves defying Gil-galad's command, rashly charged against the numerous host of Mordor, before the King had given the order. The Silvans were valiant and doughty, but ill-equipped compared to their nobler kin. [[Oropher]] perished in the first onslaught while [[Amdír]] and his troops were cut off and driven into the marshes where half of his host perished.<ref name="Silvan Princes"/> This area became known afterwards as the [[Dead Marshes]], because of the thousands of bodies buried there. This battle raged for months.<ref name=Passage>{{TT|IV2}}</ref>

Elendil and Gil-galad eventually gained the upper hand. Thus Elves and Númenóreans finally pushed the enemy hordes back towards the [[Black Gate]] and broke through [[Cirith Gorgor]].<ref name="Rings"/>

===Aftermath===
A great part of Sauron's soldiers was slain in this battle. The Alliance was able to enter Mordor, establish a camp upon the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] and lay the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] itself. Nevertheless Sauron still had enough supplies to defend the fortress for seven more years, until the siege was so pressing that he himself came forth, which led to the battle on the slopes of Orodruin in which Sauron was defeated and [[the One Ring]] taken from him.<ref name="Rings"/>

Oropher's son [[Thranduil]] survived the war and established his reign over the Silvan Elves in the [[Woodland Realm]].

The slain were buried and their graves eventually were engulfed by the [[Dead Marshes]].<ref name=Passage/>

In the [[Third Age]], the Dagorlad was the site of several battles between [[Gondor]] and various [[Easterlings|Easterling]] armies, and the climatic [[Battle of the Morannon]].

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[de:Schlacht auf der Dagorlad]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:2a:guerres:bataille_de_dagorlad]]
[[fi:Dagorladin taistelu]]

Siege of Barad-dûr

2019-03-30T21:17:43Z

Avari1:

{{battle
| image=[[File:Abe Papakhian - I Behold (colour).jpg|300px]]
| name= Siege of Barad-dûr
| conflict= [[War of the Last Alliance]]
| date= {{SA|3434}} - {{SA|3441}}
| result=Last Alliance victory, disembodiment of [[Sauron]]
| place= [[Barad-dûr]], [[Mount Doom]], [[Mordor]]
| side1=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| side2=Forces of [[Sauron]]
| commanders1=
{{Gil-galad blazon|died}}
* [[Elendil]]†
* [[Isildur]]
* [[Anárion]]†
* [[Thranduil]]
| commanders2= {{Sauron blazon}}
| forces1=Great host of Great host of [[Dúnedain]]; [[Elves of Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Elves of Mirkwood|Mirkwood]], and [[Galadhrim|Lothlórien]]; [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]]; beasts and birds
| forces2=Smaller host of [[Orcs]], [[Men of Darkness|Evil Men]], some [[Dwarves]] of other Houses, and other evil creatures
| casual1=Severe
| casual2=Almost all slain
|}}

The '''Siege of Barad-dûr''' was the armed conflict that would end the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the [[Second Age]]. It was the direct result of the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], where passage into [[Mordor]] was won by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] at a heavy cost.

== History ==
===The Siege===
In {{SA|3434}} the Last Alliance entered [[Mordor]]. The Orcs that survived the slaughter at Dagorlad were surrounded in Barad-dûr, Sauron's dark stronghold. There, the forces of [[Gil-galad]], [[Elendil]] and [[Thranduil]] laid siege to the tower, but could not breach its gates.

Sauron put together a strong defence with a seemingly inexhaustible supply of projectile and sorties throughout seven years, during which the Allies suffered heavy casualties. In {{SA|3440}}, Anárion's helmet was crushed by a thrown rock resulting in his death.

[[Second Age 3441|A year later]], however, Sauron went out with a sortie himself and broke the leaguer. He came to [[Mount Doom]], where the two kings, Gil-galad and Elendil, fought with him in single combat. Sauron struck down Elendil, and his sword [[Narsil]] broke in two beneath him as he fell. [[Gil-galad]]'s face was scorched by the heat of Sauron's hand, killing him. Nonetheless, Sauron was wounded in the fight with the two kings, and as he let his guard down, Isildur took up the broken hilt of his father's blade and hewed off Sauron's ring finger, defeating him.

=== Aftermath ===
The battle marked the (temporary) passing of Sauron and the beginning of the [[Third Age]]. Gil-galad's heralds [[Círdan]] and [[Elrond]] advised Isildur to destroy the Ring by throwing it in the fires of Mount Doom. But instead, Isildur replied: ''This I will have as weregild for my father's death, and my brother's. Was it not I who dealt the Enemy his death-blow?''<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

Gondor prospered, and built fortresses on all the entrances to Mordor: the [[Morannon]], [[Durthang]] and the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]]. Isildur wrote an account of the battle, describing his father and Gil-galad's duel with Sauron in detail and the lengthy siege itself.

With the death of Gil-galad, the [[Noldor]] were without a King as he left no heir. Elrond and Círdan returned to [[Lindon]]. Relations between Elves and Men worsened due to the deaths of Gil-galad and Elendil, and also Isildur's taking of the ring. The Last Alliance as it came to be known, would be the last time Elves would go to open war in Middle-earth ever again. The relationship between Men and Elves wouldn't be as close as they were in the first and second ages and never wholly repaired because the Elves were leaving Middle-earth for Aman.

Over the course of the war, which ended with the Siege of Barad-dûr in {{SA|3441}}, most of the Silvan army had been lost. Thranduil led the remaining third of his army back home to the Greenwood.<ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

Isildur remained in [[Minas Tirith]] some time<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>. When he did return North, he and his sons were [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|ambushed]]. The Ring was lost in the tumult.<ref>{{UT|Disaster}}</ref>

Since the Ring was not unmade, Sauron was not completely destroyed: his spirit was able to live on. In the Third Age, he reassumed physical shape and regained most of his old realm and allies. Ever after Sauron hunted for the Ring, dispatching his servants across Middle-earth to locate it. The Ring would come to be known as [[Isildur's Bane]], as its corruption afflicted him.

{{references}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]

[[de:Belagerung von Barad-dûr]]

War of the Last Alliance

2019-03-30T20:49:44Z

Avari1: /* Aftermath */

{{war
| previous=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]
| next= [[Angmar War]]
| image=[[File:Matt DeMino - Sauron - War of the Last Alliance.png|275px]]
| name= War of the Last Alliance
| place= Mordor and lower Anduin region
| result= Victory for the [[Last Alliance]], fall of Sauron, loss of the One Ring
| battles= [[Fall of Minas Ithil]], [[Anárion's defense of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of Dagorlad]], [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| begin= {{SA|3429}}
| end= {{SA|3441}}
| side1= '''[[Last Alliance]]''': [[Arnorians]] and [[Gondorians]]; [[Elves of Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Elves of Mirkwood|Mirkwood]], and [[Galadhrim|Lothlórien]]; [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]]; beasts and birds
| side2= Greater host than the [[Last Alliance|Alliance]]: myriads of [[Orcs]], [[Easterlings]], [[Haradrim]], some [[Dwarves]] of other Houses, beasts and birds, and other creatures of Sauron|
|casual1=Thousands, innumerable|
|casual2=Nearly all Orcs, Men, and other creatures were killed|
| commanders1=
{{Gil-galad blazon|died}}
* [[Elrond]]
* [[Oropher]] †
* [[Amdír]] †
* [[Elendil]] †
* [[Isildur]]
* [[Anárion]] †
| commanders2=
{{Sauron blazon}}
}}

The '''War of the Last Alliance''' was the war late in the [[Second Age]] in which the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] marched against the fortress of [[Sauron]], [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]]. Against all hope, they were victorious, but when [[the One Ring]] was not destroyed, [[Sauron]] rose again during the long years of the [[Third Age]].

== History ==
===Prelude===
Ever since his defeat in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]] Sauron nursed a special hatred against the [[Númenóreans]] and longed to take revenge on them.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> In {{SA|3261|n}}, Sauron dared to wage war against Númenor and the last [[King of Númenor]] [[Ar-Pharazôn]] had gathered a massive army to counter this threat. Perceiving the might and splendour of the Númenóreans Sauron's servants deserted him, and Sauron was filled with fear and humbled himself. He was brought as a hostage to Númenor and finally succeeded in taking his revenge by playing a vital role in the events that led to the Downfall. Yet of all Númenóreans he hated Elendil most, and his wrath was great that he and his sons had escaped.

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in {{SA|3319}} the remaining [[Faithful]] led by [[Elendil]] and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anarion]] established the [[Realms in Exile]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Elendil ruled [[Arnor]] in the north, Isildur and Anarion jointly ruled the southern realm of [[Gondor]]. [[Sauron]] however perished physically, by drowning; being caught in the Fall of Númenor which he had cleverly schemed to bring about. Yet nevertheless, even though he truly was drowned, Sauron's spirit endured; he returned to his fortress [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]] and was able in time to take shape again. However, it should be noted that hereafter Sauron could no longer take on a deceptively fair and greatly pleasing form, as Sauron had done so long before, in order to deceive the Elves and then again much later, the [[Númenóreans]] too, whilst he was held a willing captive.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Opening Stages===
Perceiving that his enemies of old had escaped the downfall, Sauron's wrath was great and in {{SA|3429|n}} he launched an attack upon Isildur's fortress, Minas Ithil. Believing that Sauron had perished in the [[Downfall of Númenor]], they were completely taken by surprise, [[Minas Ithil]] was taken, and the [[White Tree of Gondor]] that Isildur had planted there was burned. Nevertheless Isildur, his wife and children escaped, saving a seedling of the tree, too, and sailing down [[Anduin]] journeyed to Elendil's realm in Arnor. There Elendil and [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]] forged the [[Last Alliance|Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] in {{SA|3430|n}}, to defeat Sauron ultimately. Meanwhile, Anárion held out in Gondor, defending [[Osgiliath]] and [[Minas Anor]]<ref name="Rings"/>.

In {{SA|3431}}, the [[Elves of Lindon]] led by Gil-galad and [[Círdan]] marched eastward and were awaited by Elendil at [[Amon Sûl]]. The combined host marched towards [[Rivendell|Imladris]], where they joined with [[Elrond|Lord Elrond]], who was Gil-galad's herald, and acted as his second-in-command in the coming campaign.

The united host rested for about three years in Imladris, forging weapons and making plans. They crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] over many passes and marched down [[Anduin]] where they were joined by Dwarves from [[Khazad-dûm]], Elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] led by [[Oropher]] and his son [[Thranduil]], and Lothlórien Elves under [[Amdír]]<ref name="Rings"/><ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>. At the southern eaves of [[Eryn Galen]], the host turned south-east and marched through desolate areas that had once been the [[Entwives]]' gardens. They, and probably the Entwives themselves, had been destroyed by [[Sauron]] to deprive the Alliance's forces of supplies<ref>{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref>.

The Alliance entered the vast plain outside Mordor where they were joined by Anárion's forces. There Sauron's host awaited them from the north-west.

Of the Dwarves, few fought upon either side; but the kindred of [[Durin]] of [[Moria]] fought against [[Sauron]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien,]] [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), [[The Silmarillion]], "[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]"</ref>

=== The [[Battle of Dagorlad]] ===
During preliminary skirmishing, [[Oropher]] and his Elves, being scantily equipped, rashly charged forward into the numerous Orc forces before Gil-galad had given the command, and suffered heavy casualties, including Oropher himself. Amdír and his forces also were cut off from the main battle and driven into the marshes just to the south, where he also fell along with half of his troops<ref name="Silvan Princes"/>. This area became known afterwards as the [[Dead Marshes]], because of the thousands of bodies buried there.

This battle raged for days and nights continuously. But the Elves were still mighty in these times and the Númenóreans were tall and strong and terrible. And none could withstand [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]] and [[Narsil]], Gil-galad's spear and Elendil's sword which filled the orcs and wicked men with fear. Slowly Elves and Númenóreans whittled down the vast numbers of Orcs and pushed them back towards the [[Black Gate]]<ref name="Rings"/>.
No account is given how the Alliance managed to break through this mighty fortification though.

=== The [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] ===

The forces of the Last Alliance had forced their way through the Black Gate into Mordor itself. Victory seemed close, but no power short of the [[Valar]] could breach the [[Dark Tower]] by force. Though a great part of Sauron's forces was destroyed at the Dagorlad his host was still numerous and Sauron ordered many a sortie. The siege went on year after year, from {{SA|3434}} to {{SA|3441|n}}<ref name="Rings"/>. Isildur's sons, [[Aratan]] and [[Ciryon]], were detached and sent to Minas Ithil to guard against a breakout to the southwest, but his oldest son, Elendur served by his side till the end<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref>. [[Anárion]] was killed in {{SA|3440|n}} by a projectile thrown from the tower.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>

In the seventh year of the siege, it became so pressing that [[Sauron]] himself came forth. His onslaught was terrible and the siege was almost broken as Sauron and his host advanced to the slopes of [[Mount Doom]]. There he was encountered by the captains of the Alliance, Gil-galad and Elendil and to their side stood Elrond, Círdan and Isildur. Sauron fought with Gil-galad and Elendil, and both were slain. As Elendil fell, his sword was broken beneath him. Yet Sauron was thrown down, too, and Isildur seized the hilt of his father's sword and cut off the finger on which Sauron wore the One Ring. Being bereft of its power, Sauron was no longer able to hold a physical form and perished<ref name="Rings"/>.

===Aftermath===

The Alliance pursued the Orcs, who were then in disarray, and killed them all. The Barad-dûr was levelled but its foundations remained behind since they were built with the power of [[the One Ring]] which was not destroyed. The thousands of dead Men and Elves were taken out of Mordor and buried in the Dagorlad Plain.

Over the course of the war, which ended with the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in {{SA|3441}}, most of the Silvan army had been lost. Thranduil led the remaining third of his army back home to the Greenwood.<ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

While he had captured [[the One Ring]], Isildur refused Elrond and Círdan's entreaties that he destroy it by casting it into the [[Crack of Doom]], claiming it as a weregild for his father's and brother's death<ref name="Rings"/>. The result of this was that while [[Sauron]] was defeated and cast down, his spirit was not destroyed. He hid in the dark lands east of Mordor, and slowly rebuilt his power. The Nine ([[Nazgûl]]) also bided their time for the day when he would rise again.

While the Orc armies of Sauron had been well nigh destroyed in the War, scattered groups of them survived. In the Last Alliance, the casualties had been heavy. [[Elendil]] and [[Anárion]] were gone, and [[Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]], was no more. [[Arnor]] took grievous losses, and suffered from a decline in population. It never really recovered as a major power and broke into three pieces some centuries later. [[Gondor]] suffered less heavily and became a powerful nation. [[Isildur]], the new [[Kings of Arnor|High King of Arnor]], perished only two years later in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], along with his three older sons. They were ambushed by an Orc task force operating near the River Anduin. In the course of Isildur's death, the Ring was lost in the depths of [[Anduin]]<ref name="Gladden"/>. Much was lost, but [[Sauron]] was suppressed-- for a while.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The [[War of the Last Alliance|entire venture]] of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] was combined into a short silhouette play, in which [[Isildur]] cut the [[The One Ring|Ring]] off [[Sauron]]'s hand in battle - not when Sauron was already conquered.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Last Alliance.jpg|thumb|right|240px|The War of the Last Alliance in ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'']]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:This film also compresses the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], the Siege, and the final duel into one, and places them all at [[Mount Doom]], in a prologue similar to that of the 1978 film. The main perspective of the entire prologue - ''One Ring to rule them All'' - lies with [[Elrond]]. The death of [[Gil-galad]] is not mentioned, [[Anárion]] is cut completely, and the deaths of [[Elendil]] and Sauron are rewritten: after coming forth, Sauron wreaks havoc among the [[Elves]] and [[Men]], and a blow from his mace throws Elendil against the mountainside, killing him. Isildur tries to take up [[Narsil]], but it breaks as Sauron steps on it. In a desperate strike, Isildur slashes the Ring, and four fingers, from Sauron's hand. Sauron's body sends a shockwave over the land and dissolves into nothingness.

:In a later scene, named ''[[The Fate of the Ring]]'', Elrond tells [[Gandalf]] of the final debate with Isildur, inside Mount Doom. [[Círdan]] is not present, and Isildur refuses by simply saying "No".

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':''''
:The war serves as the setting for the tutorial. The player controls Isildur making his way through Mordor.

{{References}}

[[Category:Second Age]]
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[Category:Wars]]

[[fr:encyclo/evenements/2a/guerres/guerre_de_la_derniere_alliance]]

Anárion's defence of Osgiliath

2019-03-30T19:47:50Z

Avari1: removed infobox since its a mess

'''Anárion's defense of Osgiliath''' began in {{SA|3429}} and continued until the arrival of the host of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] in {{SA|3434|n}}.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], Anárion and his brother [[Isildur]] established and shared the realm of [[Gondor]], setting thrones side by side in the Great Hall of Osgiliath. Unbeknownst to them, [[Sauron]] also survived the Downfall and had reestablished himself in [[Mordor]]. When he deemed the time to be right, Sauron led a great force that took [[Minas Ithil]], destroyed the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree of Isildur]], and forced Isildur and his family (with a seedling of the tree) to flee down the [[Anduin]]. While Isildur journeyed to [[Elendil]], Anárion held Osgiliath and even drove the Enemy back to the mountains. However, Sauron gathered new forces to attack so that Anárion had to maintain a defence of the city until help could arrive. With the coming of Elendil and [[Gil-galad]] to the [[Dagorlad]] the threat to the city was ended.<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>
{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anarion's defense of Osgiliath}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]

Dwarves of Nogrod

2019-03-30T17:40:18Z

Avari1:

{{people infobox
| name=Dwarves of Nogrod
| image=[[File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg]]" by [[Henning Janssen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Nogrod]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Khazad-Dûm]]<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Gamil Zirak]], [[Telchar]]
| lifespan=c. 250 years
| distinctions=Greatest craftsmen in [[Middle-earth]]
| height=Five feet or less
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Dwarves of Nogrod''' were the [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] House who dwelled at [[Nogrod]] in the [[First Age]].

==History==
During the [[Years of the Trees]] the western [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke from beneath the [[Ered Luin]] creating the lines of the [[Broadbeams]] and the [[Firebeards]]. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the [[Blue Mountains]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.

They were initially friendly to the [[Elves]] of Beleriand, renowned as craftsmen and jewellers, such as [[Gamil Zirak]] whose works were to be found in the treasuries of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]],<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref> and [[Telchar]] known for the forging of weapons. Dwarves from the Blue Mountains, perhaps also those of Nogrod, aided the [[Noldor]] in the building of [[Nargothrond]].<ref name=doriath/><Ref>{{S|13}}</ref>

Dwarves of Nogrod, as well as their kinsmen of Belegost, participated in the [[Union of Maedhros]] supplying them with soldiers and weapons.<ref>{{S|20}}</ref>

Some craftsmen from Nogrod stayed in [[Menegroth]] and were asked by King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] to set the [[Silmaril]] in the [[Nauglamir]]. But they coveted the Nauglamir they made and killed Thingol in his treasury, and fled, only to be slaughtered by the avenging Elves who killed all but two. The survivors returned to Nogrod and lied to their kinsmen saying that Thingol refused to pay the craftsmen and for their work and killed them.

Although the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] refused to aid them, they formed a great host which passed over [[Sarn Athrad]] intimidating the [[Sindar]] who fled before them. In the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves|sack the Menegroth]] they ravaged the Caves and Thingol's treasures. But on their return home they were hunted down by [[Beren|Beren Erchamion]] and killed by his army of [[Green-elves]] and a group of [[Ents]] at the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]] as they were crossing the river.<ref name=doriath>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

After the end of the [[First Age]], around {{SA|40}}, the power and wealth of Khazad-dûm was much increased; for it was enriched by many people and much lore and craft when the ancient cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the [[Blue Mountains]] were ruined in the breaking of [[Thangorodrim]].<ref name="Durin"/> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterwards.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: The Dwarves of Nogrod are called '''Dwalin's Tribe'''.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>[[Thomas Morwinsky]], "A Brief History of the Dwarven Mansions", in ''[[Other Minds]]'' issue 4 (July 2008)</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Belegost]]

{{References}}

[[Category:Dwarven peoples]]
[[de:Nogrod]]
[[fi:Nogrod]]

Broadbeams

2019-03-30T17:37:20Z

Avari1:

{{people infobox
| name=Broadbeams
| image=[[File:Ben Wootten - Broadbeam dwarf.png|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Ben Wootten - Broadbeam dwarf.png|Broadbeam dwarf]]" by Ben Wootten
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=Either [[Belegost]] or [[Nogrod]] or both, [[Khazad-dûm]]<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>, [[Blue Mountains]]
| affiliation=[[Firebeards]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=Either [[Azaghâl]] or [[Telchar]] and [[Gamil Zirak]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Broadbeams''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]]. They were originally paired with the [[Firebeards]]. The ancestor of the Broadbeams was among the oldest of the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves (together with the ancestors of the [[Firebeards]] and [[Longbeards]]).<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 301</ref>

The Broadbeams (with the Firebeards) awoke in the [[Blue Mountains]] and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the Blue Mountains, and dwelt in them before their ruining in the [[War of Wrath]]. It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In an [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|earlier version of the legendarium]] the two cities are clearly inhabited by separate houses; however, Belegost is said to be the home of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

In the [[Second Age]], around the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Firebeards and Broadbeams who lived in Nogrod and Belegost left the destruction behind and came to [[Khazad-dûm]], increasing its wealth and power.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterwards.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Broadbeams is called '''Linnar's Folk''', said to reside mainly in the Iron Hills during the late Third Age.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Belegost]]
*[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]
{{References}}
{{Dwarvenclans}}
[[de:Breitschultern]]
[[fi:Väkivarret]]

Firebeards

2019-03-30T17:36:03Z

Avari1:

{{people infobox
| name=Firebeards
| image=[[File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|Firebeard dwarf]]" by Warren Mahy
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=Either [[Belegost]] or [[Nogrod]] or both, [[Khazad-dûm]]<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>, [[Blue Mountains]]
| affiliation=[[Broadbeams]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=Either [[Azaghâl]] or [[Telchar]] and [[Gamil Zirak]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Firebeards''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]]. They were originally paired with the [[Broadbeams]]. The ancestor of the Firebeards was among the oldest (together with the ancestors of the [[Broadbeams]] and [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]]) of the Seven Ancestors of the Dwarves.<ref>{{PM|X}}, pp. 301, 322 (note 24)</ref>

The Firebeards (with the Broadbeams) awoke in the [[Blue Mountains]] and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the Blue Mountains, and dwelt in them before their ruining in the [[War of Wrath]]. It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In an [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|earlier version of the legendarium]] the two cities are clearly inhabited by separate houses; however, Belegost is said to be the home of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

In the [[Second Age]], around the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Firebeards and Broadbeams who lived in Nogrod and Belegost left the destruction behind and came to [[Khazad-dûm]], increasing its wealth and power.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterwards.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Firebeards is called '''Úri's Folk''', said to being "''instantly recognizable by the fiery hue of their beards''". After the destruction of Nogrod, some of Úri's Folk went to join the Longbeards at Khazad-dûm, while others delved new halls in the southern Ered Luin.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]
*[[Dwarves of Belegost]]

{{references}}
{{dwarvenclans}}

[[de:Feuerbärte]]
[[fi:Tuliparrat]]

Dolmed

2019-03-30T17:28:04Z

Avari1:

{{sources}}{{cleanup}}
{{location infobox
| name=Mount Dolmed
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=In the central parts of the [[Blue Mountains]]
| type=Mountain
| description=
| regions=
| towns=[[Belegost]] and [[Nogrod]] were built on Dolmed's slopes
| inhabitants=[[Firebeards]] [[Broadbeams]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Mount Dolmed''' was a mountain in the [[Blue Mountains|Ered Luin]].

==History==
Mount Dolmed loomed over the only known pass from [[Eriador]] into [[Beleriand]]. It was here that according to the [[Dwarves]] the founders of the [[Broadbeams]] and the [[Firebeards]] established the Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]].

The two cities were established on the Eastern side of the mountain. Just a little of North-east of Dolmed was Belegost, and a little to the South-east was Nogrod.

In {{YT|1497}}, the [[First Battle of Beleriand]] was fought between the [[Elves]], and the forces of [[Morgoth]]. In the end, the Elves had the victory and the surviving [[Orcs]] fled east toward the Ered Luin. They were however met by the Dwarves and annihilated by them.

Almost five hundred years later, a short [[War of the Elves and Dwarves|war]] occurred between the [[Elves of Doriath]] and the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. In {{FA|503}}, after returning from their victory in [[Menegroth]], the Dwarves were [[Battle of Sarn Athrad|ambushed]] at [[Sarn Athrad]] and slaughtered. The survivors were climbing the slopes of Mount Dolmed when they were waylaid and annihilated by [[Ents]].

==Fate==
[[File:Didier Willis - Mount Dolmed and Amon Ereb.png|thumb|Collage of maps showing a mountain peak slightly apart the main range of the [[Blue Mountains]] and apparently coinciding with Mount Dolmed's location.]]
Some [[Tolkienists]] such as [[Robert Foster]] and [[Karen Fonstad]] speculate that after the [[War of Wrath]] Dolmed was destroyed when the Ered Luin were broken and the [[Gulf of Lune]], broke through it.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', page 89</ref><ref>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', p. 37</ref>

However, [[Ronald Kyrmse|Ronald E. Kyrmse]]<ref>[[Ronald Kyrmse]], "The Geographical Relation between Beleriand and Eriador" in ''[[Mallorn_(journal)|Mallorn]]'' no. [[Mallorn_26|26]], September 1989, pp. 25–27</ref> and later [[Didier Willis]]<ref>[[Didier Willis]], Bulletin de géographie ''Hiswelóce'', special issue no. 1, Winter 1994 (French); [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/site3/articles.php?lng=en&pg=41 Mystères géographiques n°1 : Mont Dolmed & cités naines] (c. 2000), [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/site3/index.php?lng=fr Hiwelokë], accessed March 23rd, 2011 (French); revised and augmented in "Du Beleriand aux confins de Rhûn" in ''[[Tolkien, le façonnement d'un monde]]'', vol. 2, 2014, pp. 197-230.</ref> independently noted a prominent unidentified mountain exactly on the location of Dolmed in the map of Beleriand as well as Mount [[Rerir]] to the north. This, coupled with a reinterpretation of Tolkien's maps, shows that Dolmed at least partially survived the devastation.

==Etymology==
The name means "wet head" in [[Sindarin]], from ''[[dol]]'' and ''[[med]]''. The word for head is used often in Sindarin to refer to hills.

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Mountains]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Dolmed]]
[[fi:Dolmedin vuori]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/beleriand/mont_dolmed]]

Gondolindrim

2019-03-30T17:21:14Z

Avari1:

{{people infobox
| name=Gondolindrim
| image=
| caption=
| pronun={{respell|gon-do|lin|drim}}
| othernames=Elves of Gondolin
| origin=The [[Noldor]] and [[Sindar]] of [[Nevrast]], led to the [[Hidden City]] by [[Turgon]]
| location=[[Gondolin]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Turgon]], [[Idril]], [[Tuor]], [[Maeglin]], [[Ecthelion]], [[Glorfindel]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Gondolindrim''' were the people of [[Gondolin]], a mixed population of [[Noldor|Noldorin]] and [[Sindar|Sindarin]] Elves under the rule of [[Turgon]].<ref name="Beleriand">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref><ref name="Tuor">{{UT|1}}</ref> While they take their name from the city of Gondolin where they later dwelt, the Gondolindrim were in origin the Elves of [[Nevrast]].<ref name="Noldor">{{S|Noldor}}</ref> [[Ulmo]] seemed to take a special interest in the Gondolindrim throughout their history. The Gondolindrim were keen in arts and constructions but also valiant fighters.

==History==
The first Elves to dwell in Nevrast were Sindar, who had been drawn in days of old to the coasts near [[Mount Taras]] by the comings of Ulmo and [[Ossë]]. At the time the Noldor returned to [[Middle-earth]], most of the Grey-elves of Nevrast still dwelt in the coastal region in the southwest. Turgon settled there with his own people, Noldor of the house of [[Fingolfin]], taking up lordship of Nevrast and building [[Vinyamar]]. The first mingling of Sindar and Noldor took place in Nevrast, and they became one people.<ref name=Beleriand/>

At Ulmo's urging and with his guidance Turgon, seeking a refuge from [[Morgoth]], found the hidden vale of [[Tumladen]] within the [[Encircling Mountains]]. After [[Dagor Aglareb]] Turgon brought many of the most skilled of the Elves of Nevrast to Tumladen, where they set about building Gondolin in secret. When the city was finished, the people of Nevrast (including one third of the Noldor of Fingolfin, and even more Sindar) abandoned Nevrast and came in secret, in small companies one-by-one, through [[Ered Wethrin]] to Gondolin.<ref name=Noldor/>

Because Gondolin was strictly separated from the rest of Beleriand by [[Ered Wethrin]] and it is unlikely that substantial numbers of other kindreds ever came to settle there. Only a few notable outsiders are known to have reached the hidden city: [[Huor]] and [[Húrin Thalion]] were the first [[Men]] to come to Gondolin and dwelt there for a year,<ref>{{S|18}}.</ref> [[Tuor]], son of Huor, made the city his home<ref name="S23">{{S|23}}</ref><ref name=Tuor/> and [[Maeglin]], son of [[Eöl|Eöl the Dark Elf]] and Turgon's sister [[Aredhel]], fled there with his mother from [[Nan Elmoth]].<ref name="S16">{{S|16}}.</ref>

At the [[Fall of Gondolin]], the survivors led by Tuor went to the [[Mouths of Sirion]].

==Etymology==
''Gondolindrim'' is a standard formation of ''Gondolin'' ([[Sindarin|S]]: 'The Hidden Rock') and the Sindarin suffix ''[[rim|-rim]]'', denoting a people.<ref name="SApp">{{S|Appendix}}.</ref>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
'''Gondothlim''' was an earlier term for the inhabitants of Gondolin.<ref>{{LT2|III}}</ref>

==Houses of the Gondolindrim==
In the ''[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)|The Fall of Gondolin]]'' the Gondolindrim are described as being organised into a number of Houses. At the time of the city's fall there were twelve of these, each with a named symbol and leader:
{| align="center" cellpadding="5"
|-
! House !! Symbol !! Leader
|-
| [[House of the King]] || Sun, Moon and Heart || [[Turgon]]
|-
| [[House of the Heavenly Arch]] || Rainbow, Opal and Jewelled Boss || [[Egalmoth]]
|-
| [[House of the Tree]] || Tree and Iron-studded club || [[Galdor of the Tree|Galdor]]
|-
| [[House of the Golden Flower]] || Rayed Sun and Golden Flower || [[Glorfindel of Gondolin|Glorfindel]]
|-
| [[House of the Fountain]] || Fountain, Silver and Diamonds || [[Ecthelion]]
|-
| [[House of the Swallow]] || Arrowhead and Fan of Feathers || [[Duilin of Gondolin|Duilin]]
|-
| [[House of the Harp]] || Silver Harp || [[Salgant]]
|-
| [[House of the Mole]] || Black Mole and Double-bladed Axe || [[Maeglin]]
|-
| [[House of the Pillar]] || A Pillar || [[Penlod]]
|-
| [[House of the Tower of Snow]] || A Tower || [[Penlod]]
|-
| [[House of the Wing]] || A White Wing || [[Tuor]]
|-
| [[House of the Hammer of Wrath]] || A Stricken Anvil || [[Rog]]
|}

==See also==
* [[:Category:Gondolindrim|List of Gondolindrim]]

{{references}}

[[Category:Gondolindrim| Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]

[[de:Gondolin#Sonstiges]]
[[fi:Gondolindrim]]

Falathrim

2019-03-30T17:04:55Z

Avari1:

{{people infobox
| name=Falathrim
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Falathrim.png|250px]]
| caption=Falathrim by Liz Danforth
| pronun=
| othernames=Elves of the [[Falas]]
| origin=[[Teleri]] persuaded by [[Ossë]] to remain by the [[Sea]] in [[Middle-earth]]
| location=The [[Havens of the Falas]]: [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] (occupied the western shorelands of [[Beleriand]], around the mouths of the Rivers [[Brithon]] and [[Nenning]])
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Falathrin]]
| members=[[Círdan]], [[Voronwë]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Falathrim''' were the shoreland Elves of the western shores of the [[Middle-earth]] who took [[Círdan]] as their lord from the beginning. They dwelt mainly in the ancient havens of [[Eglarest]] and [[Brithombar]] of the [[Falas]], and their last home on Middle-earth before finally leaving for the Undying Lands was the [[Grey Havens]].

==History==
The [[Teleri]] were the most numerous Elven clan and for this reason they were led by two brothers, [[Elwë]] and [[Olwë]] in the [[Great Journey]] to [[Aman]]. They were also the most slow and reluctant and many turned back or stayed behind. When Elwë became lost in [[Beleriand]], many of his people refused to carry on until he had been found; those were named [[Eglath]], the forsaken.

It was Olwë who led the rest to the shores of Beleriand. As they they lingered at the [[Bay of Balar]] where they were befriended and taught by [[Ulmo]]'s vassal, the [[Maia]] [[Osse]]. When Ulmo returned with the [[Tol Eressea|floating island]] to take the bulk of the Teleri to the West, Ossĕ convinced some of them to forsake Valinor and the other Elves and stay behind with him.<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>

These became the Falathrim, and their leader was [[Nowë]]<ref name="LastWritingsN">{{PM|Last}}, "Círdan", note 30</ref>, kin of both Elwë and Olwë, who stayed behind despite his great eagerness to see the [[light of Valinor]].<ref name="LastWritings">{{PM|Last}}, "Círdan"</ref> He was later known as Círdan. The Falathrim settled on Beleriand's western shores, building themselves Havens at [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] and became the first builders and sailors of ships in [[Middle-earth]]'s history.

When Elwë returned, he established the Kingdom of [[Doriath]], claiming overlordship of all Beleriand as King Elu Thingol. The Falathrim, along with the Eglath, were considered [[Sindar]], and found many pearls that they sent to him as gifts.<ref>{{S|Sindar}}</ref>

After the [[Return of the Noldor]], the Elves of the Falas became fast in friendship with the [[Noldor|Deep Elves]]. Círdan attended the [[Mereth Aderthad]] with many of his people, where he swore oaths of friendship.<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> With [[Finrod]]'s aid, the Havens of the Falas were strengthened and rebuilt. The Elves of the Havens enjoyed peaceful relations with all the [[Elves of Beleriand]], and were particularly closely allied with the people of [[Nargothrond]]. As one of the most remote peoples from [[Morgoth]]'s forces in [[Angband]], the other Elvish lords would often send their children to the Elves of the Havens for safekeeping.

They fought beside the [[Noldor]], too: in the [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame"), their mariners rescued High King [[Fingon]] from overwhelming hordes in [[Hithlum]], and they went to the aid of Fingon again at the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] ("Battle of Unnumbered Tears"). After that disaster, many of the survivors fled back to the Havens of the Falas, but they were not safe there for long. A year after the great defeat, Morgoth sent his creatures to besiege them, and both the Havens were overthrown. Most of the Elves of the Falas perished in the fall of the Havens, or were captured, but Círdan escaped. With his surviving followers and the young [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]], who was at that time lodging with the people of the Havens, he sailed southwards, and settled for a time on the [[Isle of Balar]]. He maintained a haven there for many years, before removing once again to Lindon, where he dwelt at the [[Grey Havens]] with, doubtless, a remnant of the Falathrim.

As [[Morgoth]]'s power overwhelmed the Eldar, some "seafaring Sindar from the west havens" fled with 3 small ships to the east. They ended up to the confluence of [[Morthond]] and [[Ringló]]. There they established [[Edhellond]] and were eventually joined by their Telerin kin, [[Silvan Elves]] from the north.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #67</ref><ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>

At the beginning of the [[Second Age]], Círdan sailed east to found the [[Grey Havens]] on the [[Gulf of Lhûn]], and the remnant of the Elves of the Havens must surely have accompanied him.

==Etymology==
''Falathrim'' is a [[Sindarin]] name containing the word ''[[Falas]]''. It means "Coast people".<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Falathrim"</ref>

In one text, the names '''[[Falmari]]''' (Quenya) and '''Falathrim''' (Sindarin) both refer to the people of [[Círdan]] in [[Beleriand]]<ref name=cirdan>{{PM|XIII}}</ref> however elsewhere and in the published ''[[Silmarillion]]'', the Quenya name refers to those in Valinor,<ref name=p3i3>{{MR|P3I3}}</ref><ref name=index>{{S|Index}}</ref> and the Sindarin name to those of the [[Falas]].<ref name=index/>

==Names==
The people of Círdan retained their name as Teleri and were known in [[Sindarin]] as '''Telir''' or '''Telerrim'''.<ref name=cirdan/>

Another name for the Falathrim was the '''Egladhrim''', or the '''Eglain''', a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "The Forsaken". While originally used as a name for the [[Sindar]] by themselves, it came to refer only to the Elves of the Falas, as distinguished from the "inland Elves" of Beleriand.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 365, 379-80</ref>

{{References}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]
[[de:Falathrim]]
[[fi:Falathrim]]

Ironfists

2019-03-30T04:04:17Z

Avari1: Undo revision 303053 by Kulid123 (talk)

{{people infobox
| name=Ironfists
| image=[[File:Daniel Falconer - Ironfist dwarf.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Daniel Falconer - Ironfist dwarf.jpg|Ironfiest dwarf]]" by [[Daniel Falconer]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Rhun]]<ref>{{PM|X}}, pp. 301, 322 (note 24)</ref>
| affiliation=[[Stiffbeards]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]]
| members=
| lifespan=c. 250 years<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Ironfists''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]] that dwelt in the East of [[Middle-earth]]. They were originally paired with the [[Stiffbeards]].<ref>{{PM|X}}, pp. 301, 322 (note 24)</ref>

The locations of the four [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] clans, including the [[Ironfists]], who lived in the [[East]] are unknown. The distance between their mansions in the East and the [[Misty Mountains]], specifically [[Gundabad]], was said to be as great or greater than that of Gundabad's distance from the [[Blue Mountains]] in the West.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 301</ref>

It is possible that the Ironfists were among the "''Houses of other Fathers''" who sent troops to help [[Durin's Folk]] in the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]].<ref>{{App|A3}}</ref>

Late in the [[Third Age]], when war and terror grew in the [[East]] itself, considerable numbers of Ironfists and dwarves of the Eastern clans left their ancient homelands. They sought refuge in Middle-earth's western lands, where some of them met [[Frodo Baggins]].<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: The unnamed Dwarven tribes were given invented names in an early supplement.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref> While these were published before the publication of Tolkien's late note on the name of the Dwarven houses of the East, it has been suggested that the Ironfists could correspond to '''Thelór's tribe''' (as portrayed in ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]]'').<ref>[[Thomas Morwinsky]], "A Brief History of the Dwarven Mansions", in ''[[Other Minds]]'' issue 4 (July 2008)</ref>

'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Ironfists is called '''Sindri's Folk''', said to inhabit a mountain chain of central Middle-earth.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{dwarvenclans}}

Ironfists

2019-03-30T03:15:05Z

Avari1:

{{people infobox
| name=Ironfists
| image=[[File:Daniel Falconer - Ironfist dwarf.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Daniel Falconer - Ironfist dwarf.jpg|Ironfiest dwarf]]" by [[Daniel Falconer]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Rhun]]<ref>{{PM|X}}, pp. 301, 322 (note 24)</ref>
| affiliation=[[Stiffbeards]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]]
| members=
| lifespan=c. 250 years<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Ironfists''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]] that dwelt in the East of [[Middle-earth]]. They were originally paired with the [[Stiffbeards]].<ref>{{PM|X}}, pp. 301, 322 (note 24)</ref>

The locations of the four [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] clans, including the Ironfists, who lived in the [[East]] are unknown. The distance between their mansions in the East and the [[Misty Mountains]], specifically [[Gundabad]], was said to be as great or greater than that of Gundabad's distance from the [[Blue Mountains]] in the West.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 301</ref>

It is possible that the Ironfists were among the "''Houses of other Fathers''" who sent troops to help [[Durin's Folk]] in the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]].<ref>{{App|A3}}</ref>

Late in the [[Third Age]], when war and terror grew in the [[East]] itself, considerable numbers of Ironfists and dwarves of the Eastern clans left their ancient homelands. They sought refuge in Middle-earth's western lands, where some of them met [[Frodo Baggins]].<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: The unnamed Dwarven tribes were given invented names in an early supplement.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref> While these were published before the publication of Tolkien's late note on the name of the Dwarven houses of the East, it has been suggested that the Ironfists could correspond to '''Thelór's tribe''' (as portrayed in ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP]]'').<ref>[[Thomas Morwinsky]], "A Brief History of the Dwarven Mansions", in ''[[Other Minds]]'' issue 4 (July 2008)</ref>

'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Ironfists is called '''Sindri's Folk''', said to inhabit a mountain chain of central Middle-earth.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{dwarvenclans}}

Gwaith-i-Mírdain

2019-03-30T03:11:02Z

Avari1:

{{people infobox
| name=Gwaith-i-Mírdain
| image=[[File:Angus McBride - Celebrimbor.gif|250px]]
| caption="Celebrimbor" by Angus McBride
| pronun={{respell|gweyeth|ee|mear|deyen}}
| othernames=Elves of Eregion, People of the Jewel-smiths
| origin=[[Noldor]] followers of [[Celebrimbor]]
| location=[[Eregion]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Celebrimbor]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=Great craftsmen among the [[Noldor]]<ref>{{App|B1}}</ref>
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Gwaith-i-Mírdain''', the '''People of the Jewel-smiths''', was a brotherhood of [[Elves|Elven]] master craftsmen of the [[Second Age]] who created the [[Rings of Power]].
==History==
The Gwaith were founded by [[Celebrimbor]] and other [[Noldor]] of [[Lindon]] who settled in [[Eregion]], close to the [[Dwarves]] of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] and their ''[[mithril]]'' mines. Their capital was [[Ost-in-Edhil]] ({{SA|750}}<ref>{{App|B1}}</ref>).

Noldor and Dwarves cooperated for about a thousand years, and their rare friendship was the closest between [[Elves]] and Dwarves in history. Celebrimbor helped to construct the famous and magical [[Doors of Durin|West-gate of Moria]]. The Gwaith were said to be the most talented artisans to have worked since the time of [[Fëanor]] himself (who was Celebrimbor's grandfather).

[[Sauron]], after failing with [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]], targeted the Gwaith. In the guise of [[Annatar]] the "Lord of Gifts" in {{SA|1200}} he presented himself as an agent of the [[Valar]] and taught them how to forge the [[Rings of Power]]. The Gwaith were easily tempted since they wanted to bring to [[Middle-earth]] the joys of Valinor<ref>{{S|V}}</ref><ref name="L">{{L|131}}</ref>. The Rings would prevent or slow the decay of the mortal world, preserve what was desired or loved and also enhance the natural powers of a possessor even if that would mean disrupting the natural course of the mortal world.<ref name="L"/><ref>{{L|181}}</ref><ref>{{L|154}}</ref>

The Gwaith together with "Annatar" made several rings in {{SA|1500}}. Because of their friendship with the Dwarves, Celebrimbor presented King [[Durin III]] with [[Ring of Thrór|a Ring of Power]]<ref>{{App|A3}}</ref>. When Annatar had left (actually for [[Mordor]]) about {{SA|1590}} Celebrimbor made the [[Three Rings]]<ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref> partly using the teachings of "Annatar".

Then Sauron betrayed them and forged [[the One Ring]]. However, the Gwaith realized his plan and denied to hand him their Rings, resulting in the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]]. Eregion was devastated in {{SA|1697}} and the survivors of the Gwaith followed [[Elrond]] and retreated to [[Rivendell]].

==Etymology==
''Gwaith-i-Mírdain'' means "Brotherhood of Jewel-smiths" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[gwaith]]'' = "host, people" and ''[[mírdain]]'' = "jewel-smiths").
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gwaith-i-Mirdain}}
[[Category:Organizations]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]
[[de:Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:gwaith-i-mirdain]]
[[fi:Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]

Gwaith-i-Mírdain

2019-03-30T03:10:42Z

Avari1:

{{people infobox
| name=Gwaith-i-Mírdain
| image=[[File:Angus McBride - Celebrimbor.gif|250px]]
| caption="Celebrimbor" by Angus McBride
| pronun={{respell|gweyeth|ee|mear|deyen}}
| othernames=Elves of Eregion, People of the Jewel-smiths
| origin=[[Noldor]] followers of [[Celebrimbor]]
| location=[[Eregion]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Celebrimbor]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=Great craftsmen among the [[Noldor]]<ref>{{App|B1}}</ref>).
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Gwaith-i-Mírdain''', the '''People of the Jewel-smiths''', was a brotherhood of [[Elves|Elven]] master craftsmen of the [[Second Age]] who created the [[Rings of Power]].
==History==
The Gwaith were founded by [[Celebrimbor]] and other [[Noldor]] of [[Lindon]] who settled in [[Eregion]], close to the [[Dwarves]] of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] and their ''[[mithril]]'' mines. Their capital was [[Ost-in-Edhil]] ({{SA|750}}<ref>{{App|B1}}</ref>).

Noldor and Dwarves cooperated for about a thousand years, and their rare friendship was the closest between [[Elves]] and Dwarves in history. Celebrimbor helped to construct the famous and magical [[Doors of Durin|West-gate of Moria]]. The Gwaith were said to be the most talented artisans to have worked since the time of [[Fëanor]] himself (who was Celebrimbor's grandfather).

[[Sauron]], after failing with [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]], targeted the Gwaith. In the guise of [[Annatar]] the "Lord of Gifts" in {{SA|1200}} he presented himself as an agent of the [[Valar]] and taught them how to forge the [[Rings of Power]]. The Gwaith were easily tempted since they wanted to bring to [[Middle-earth]] the joys of Valinor<ref>{{S|V}}</ref><ref name="L">{{L|131}}</ref>. The Rings would prevent or slow the decay of the mortal world, preserve what was desired or loved and also enhance the natural powers of a possessor even if that would mean disrupting the natural course of the mortal world.<ref name="L"/><ref>{{L|181}}</ref><ref>{{L|154}}</ref>

The Gwaith together with "Annatar" made several rings in {{SA|1500}}. Because of their friendship with the Dwarves, Celebrimbor presented King [[Durin III]] with [[Ring of Thrór|a Ring of Power]]<ref>{{App|A3}}</ref>. When Annatar had left (actually for [[Mordor]]) about {{SA|1590}} Celebrimbor made the [[Three Rings]]<ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref> partly using the teachings of "Annatar".

Then Sauron betrayed them and forged [[the One Ring]]. However, the Gwaith realized his plan and denied to hand him their Rings, resulting in the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]]. Eregion was devastated in {{SA|1697}} and the survivors of the Gwaith followed [[Elrond]] and retreated to [[Rivendell]].

==Etymology==
''Gwaith-i-Mírdain'' means "Brotherhood of Jewel-smiths" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[gwaith]]'' = "host, people" and ''[[mírdain]]'' = "jewel-smiths").
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gwaith-i-Mirdain}}
[[Category:Organizations]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]
[[de:Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:gwaith-i-mirdain]]
[[fi:Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]

Elves

2019-03-30T02:29:23Z

Avari1:

{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Elves
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - At Lake Cuiviénen.jpg|250px]]
| caption="At Lake Cuiviénen" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=People of the Stars, Firstborn, Elder Children of Ilúvatar
| origin=Firstborn of the [[Children of Ilúvatar|Children]] of [[Ilúvatar]]
| location=[[Cuiviénen]], [[Tirion]], [[Taniquetil]], [[Formenos]], [[Alqualondë]], [[Tol Eressëa]], [[Doriath]], [[Falas]], [[Hithlum]], [[Ossiriand]], [[Vinyamar]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Gondolin]], [[Edhellond]], [[Mouths of Sirion]], [[Isle of Balar]], [[Lindon]], [[Eldalondë]], [[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Rivendell]], [[Mirkwood]], [[Ithilien]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=[[Orcs]], [[Dwarves]]
| language=Various [[Elvish]] languages, most notably [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]; [[Westron]]
| people='''Clans:''' [[Vanyar]], [[Noldor]], [[Teleri]], [[Sindar]], [[Nandor]], [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]], [[Falmari]], [[Avari]] '''Groups:''' [[Iathrim]], [[Elves of Eregion]], [[Elves of Eressëa]], [[Elves of Lindon]], [[Elves of Mirkwood]], [[Elves of Mithrim]], [[Galadhrim]], [[Gondolindrim]], [[Elves of Nargothrond]], [[Falathrim]]
| members=[[Ingwë]], [[Thingol]], [[Finwë]], [[Fëanor]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Galadriel]], [[Finrod]], [[Sons of Fëanor]], [[Lúthien]], [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Idril]], [[Maeglin]], [[Círdan]], [[Celeborn]], [[Celebrimbor]]
| lifespan=[[Arda]]'s existence; near immortality
| distinctions=
| height=Tall
| hair=Blond, black, brown, red, and occasionally silver
| skin=Pale to tan
| clothing=
| weapons=Typically swords and bows
}}
The '''Elves''' (''[[Quendi]]'') were the first of the races of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], known also as the [[Firstborn]] for that reason. The Elves are distinguished from the other two races, the [[Men]] and the [[Dwarves]], especially by the fact of their near immortality.

==History==

===Awakening===
{{main|Awakening of the Elves}}

[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Dawn of the Firstborn Elves'']] About the same time that [[Varda]], Queen of the [[Valier]], ended her labours in creating the [[Stars]], the Elves awoke beside the lake [[Cuiviénen]]. The first things they saw were the stars, and henceforth they adored them. The first sound they heard was the flowing of water, and henceforth they loved water as well.

They made speech then, and called themselves the ''[[Quendi]]''. [[Morgoth|Melkor]] was the first to be aware of them, and he caused evil spirits to go about among them. When one or a small group wandered abroad, they would often vanish. It is believed that Melkor may have created [[Orcs]] with the elves he captured.

[[Oromë]], the Huntsman of the [[Valar]], happened upon them when he heard their singing far-off. He was amazed to see them, and called them the ''Eldar'', "People of the Stars".

===Sundering===
{{main|Sundering of the Elves}}

[[File:Anke Eißmann - Oromë espies the first Elves.jpg |thumb|right|250px|[[Anke Eißmann]] - ''Oromë espies the first Elves'']] Though at first the Quendi were afraid of Oromë, the noblest among them saw that he was no dark horseman, as the lies of Melkor claimed. He had the light of [[Aman]] in his eyes and face, and they were drawn to him.

After spending a while among the Quendi, Oromë returned to [[Valinor]] and took council with the other Valar and Valier. At the counsel of [[Ilúvatar]], [[Manwë]], King of the Valar, decided that they must go to war against Melkor to protect the Quendi from him. After a great battle and [[Siege of Utumno]], which reshaped the earth itself, Melkor was bound and cast into the prison of [[Mandos]]. Then the Valar, pleased with the outcome, summoned the Elves to Valinor, seeking fellowship with them.

At Oromë's urging, many of the Elves (especially the kindreds of [[Ingwë]], [[Finwë]], and [[Elwë]]) agreed. But others, henceforth called the [[Avari]], declared that they preferred starlight and the wide spaces of [[Middle-earth]]. So the Elves were first sundered. During the journey to [[Belegaer]], gradually the number of the Elves began to lessen as various groups dropped away. Some of the [[Teleri]] (kindred of Elwë) refused to cross the [[Misty Mountains]], and settled in [[Anduin]] under the leadership of [[Lenwë]], to be called later the [[Nandor]]. Elwë then went missing, and in dismay the rest of the Teleri remained behind, while the [[Noldor]] (kindred of Finwë) and [[Vanyar]] (kindred of Ingwë) used an island as a ship, and found at last Aman and Valinor.

After several years, Oromë returned to search for the Teleri. Some, under [[Olwë]], relented and followed. Others remained to continue to search for Elwë. Still others, under [[Círdan]], remained because in that time they had become devoted to [[Ossë]] and the Sea. Those Teleri that chose to remain were called the [[Sindar]]. Elwë, who had fallen asleep due to his enchantment with [[Melian]], returned to claim lordship and establish them in [[Doriath]]. The Noldor and some of the Teleri, however, built the great cities of [[Tirion]] and [[Alqualondë]] (respectively) in Aman. The Vanyar dwelt in [[Valmar]], for they were closest to the Valar of the kindreds.

===Exile of the Noldor===
{{main|Exile of the Noldor}}

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''The Coming of Fingolfin'']] Melkor, having been released on the promise of good behavior, spread lies about the Valar among the Noldor. [[Fëanor]], the eldest son of Finwë and one of the greatest Elves to have ever lived, hated Melkor more than all the other Noldor, but was paradoxically one of the most influenced by his lies. He forged weapons, and his greatest works, the [[Silmarils]], captured the light of the [[Two Trees]] – and his own heart. After Melkor stole the Silmarils and killed Finwë, Fëanor stirred the Noldor to open disobedience to the Valar. In an epic journey filled with treachery, death, and deceit, the Noldor entered in to Exile, crossing over into [[Beleriand]].

===Battles of Beleriand===
{{main|Battles of Beleriand}}

There were five great battles fought in Beleriand. The [[First Battle]] was the result of an attack by Melkor on Círdan and Elwë (now known as [[Thingol]]). Though the Elves managed to resist the attack successfully, this left Melkor essentially with full reign of Beleriand. Upon the sudden and unanticipated [[Return of the Noldor]], the tables were reversed in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]]. The third battle (“[[Dagor Aglareb]]”) occurred when Melkor tried unsuccessfully to destroy the Elves, breaking forth from [[Angband]]. This only resulted in the vigilant [[Siege of Angband]]. Morgoth was more successful in the next battle, [[Dagor Bragollach]], which ended in the deaths of many Elven princes, among them [[Fingolfin]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. The siege was broken. Several decades later, [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, counterattacked in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. Although at first very successful, the tide turned against the Elves, and ended in the destruction of [[Hithlum]]. It was not half a century later that [[Gondolin]], the last real stronghold of the Noldor, was [[Fall of Gondolin|destroyed]]. [[Doriath]], the centre of the [[Sindar]]in realm, was sacked by [[Dwarves]].[[File:Ted Nasmith - Eärendil and the Battle of Eagles and Dragons.jpg|left|150px|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Eärendil and The Battle of Eagles and Dragons'']]

===Salvation===
{{main|War of Wrath}}

With the near destruction of the Elves, the last survivors were at the [[Mouths of Sirion]] and [[Isle of Balar|Balar]] and were led by Gil-galad and Círdan. Among them was [[Eärendil]], the son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]]. Eärendil made a miraculous voyage to [[Valinor]] to beg the pardon of the Valar. His request was granted. The Valar came across the Sea to [[Middle-earth]], and in the [[War of Wrath]] thrust Morgoth into the [[Void]] and purged Beleriand. They offered to let the Elves return with them to Valinor; some accepted, but many others, under [[Gil-galad]], chose to remain.

===Decline===

[[File:Angus McBride - Celebrimbor.gif|thumb|right|150px|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Celebrimbor'']] Though Morgoth was gone to trouble the world no longer, [[Sauron]], his greatest servant, was still there, and he made war on the remaining Elves who chose not to depart Middle-earth throughout the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.

During this time the Elves realized how [[Men]] were rising to take their place, and Sauron exploited their longing. [[Annatar]] corrupted [[Celebrimbor]], the grandson of Fëanor, to make the [[Rings of Power]], especially the [[Three Rings]] to preserve the Elves. Annatar was a guise of Sauron who also forged a ring – [[the One Ring]]. However the Elves realised the deception and defied Sauron, who then [[War of the Elves and Sauron|waged War against them]]. In the following centuries Elves continued to heed the invitation of the Valar, desire the Sea and depart for the Undying Lands. Realms such as [[Dol Amroth]] were deserted and gave their place to Men.

It was not until the end of the Third Age that the One Ring was destroyed, marring the Three Rings at the same time. In the years that followed the last of the Elves departed across the Sea to Valinor, their mission against Sauron complete, never to return.

Well into the [[Fourth Age]] and the [[Dominion of Men]], most Elves apparently had left the [[Westlands]], with most populations remaining at least in [[Mirkwood]] and [[Lindon]]. [[Rivendell]] and [[Lothlórien]] appeared mostly abandoned around the time of [[King Elessar]]'s and [[Arwen]]'s death.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>

The Elves eventually faded, as their spirits overwhelmed and consumed their bodies. At the end of the world, all Elves will have become invisible to mortal eyes, known as [[Lingerers]], except to those to whom they wish to manifest themselves.<ref>{{MR|Laws}}</ref> [[Ilúvatar]] had not revealed the role of the Elves after [[the End]].<ref>{{S|1}}</ref>

==Life and customs==
:''Main articles: ''[[Elven characteristics]], [[Elven life cycle]], and [[Elven customs]]''

Besides being considered more beautiful than men, Elves were also generally taller. Their hair colour varied; but the basic rules were that the [[Noldor]] generally had dark hair (brown or black), the [[Vanyar]] golden, and the [[Teleri]] silver or dark. Their eyes are usually described as grey.

Their lives were counted to begin at conception rather than birth, and though their minds sharpened much earlier in life than in the race of Men, their bodies grew more slowly. They were considered fully-grown at about a century. They married usually only once in their lives, and their children were often few and far-between.

Their most distinguishing characteristic from the [[Mortals|Mortal]] races was the fact that they were invulnerable to age or disease; unless they were killed by sword or sorrow, they would live to the end of the world. Unlike Men whose [[fëar]] (spirits) left Arda when their bodies died, Elves' fëar were bound to Arda until its ending. If an Elf's hröa (body) died, its fëa would be summoned to the [[Halls of Mandos]], where the Valar could re-embody the Elf in a hröa that was identical to the Elf's previous hröa. However, if an Elf committed evil acts during their lifetime and refused to repent, the Valar could delay the Elf's re-embodiment, impose conditions on it, or refuse it altogether.<ref name=P4i>{{MR|P4i}}, p. 339</ref><ref>{{PM|Last}}, pp. 380, 389</ref> An Elf could refuse the summons to Mandos or choose to remain disembodied,<ref name=P4i></ref><ref>{{PM|XI2}}, p. 334</ref> but the Elf's houseless fëa would still be unable to leave Arda.

==Arts, crafts, powers and magic==

Other races often spoke of 'Elf magic', or of objects made by Elves as if they contained enchantments. It is unclear how accurate it is to call Elvish arts and crafts 'magic' or 'enchanted'. Elves themselves only used these words when attempting to simplify or clarify how elvish-made things seemed to have a special quality that no other races were able to achieve. Powerful Elves seemed to have control over nature and the elements, their clothes seemed to shine with their own light, their blades seemed to never lose their sharpness. Less educated folks could not explain these effects, so they simply called them 'magic'.

==Major divisions==
{{familytree/start|align=center}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |QUE| | | | | | | | | | | | QUE=[[Quendi]] All Elves }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | |ELD| | | || AVA| | | | | | ELD=[[Eldar]] West-elves|AVA=[[Avari]] The Unwilling }}
{{familytree | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | |VAN| | |NOL| | |TEL| | | | | | | | | VAN=[[Vanyar]] Fair-elves|NOL=[[Noldor]] Deep-elves|TEL=[[Teleri]] The Hindmost }}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |AMA| | | |EXI|!| | | | | | | | | | | AMA=Amanyar Noldor Noldor of [[Aman]]|EXI=[[Exile of the Noldor|Etyañgoldi]] Exiled Noldor }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | |FAL| | |SIN| | |NAN| | | | | | FAL=[[Falmari]] Sea-elves of [[Aman]]|SIN=[[Sindar]] Grey-elves of [[Beleriand]]|NAN=[[Nandor]] Followers of [[Lenwë]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |LAQ| | | |SIL| | LAQ=[[Laiquendi]] Green-elves of [[Ossiriand]]|SIL=[[Silvan Elves]] Wood-elves }}
{{familytree/end}}

The term ''quendi'' refers to all Elves; it was was created at Cuiviénen before the Elves had contact with any other race.<ref name=B>{{WJ|B}}</ref>{{rp|372}} When Oromë invited the Elves to Valinor, those who followed him on the Great Journey were called the Eldar,<ref name=B>{{WJ|B}}</ref>{{rp|374}} while those who refused were called the Avari.<ref name=S3>{{S|3}}</ref> The Eldar were divided into three clans−the Vanyar, the Noldor, and the Teleri.<ref name=S3 /> All of the Vanyar and Noldor reached Aman. Two groups of Teleri abandoned the Great Journey: the Nandor, who came to live in the [[Vale of Anduin]],<ref name=S3 /> and the Sindar, who remained in Beleriand.<ref>{{S|4}}</ref> The Nandor eventually split into the Laiquendi, who migrated into Beleriand and settled in [[Ossiriand]], and the Silvan Elves, who established realms in [[Mirkwood]] and [[Lothlórien]]. Those Teleri who completed the Great Journey and settled in Aman were called the Falmari.<ref name=S3 /> Those Noldor who later returned to Middle-earth in exile were called the ''Etyañgoldi''.<ref name=B>{{WJ|B}}</ref>{{rp|374}}

==Languages==
{{main|Elvish}}

[[File:Donato Giancola - Lore.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|[[Donato Giancola]] - ''Lore'']] Because [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] developed the Elves almost for his languages, those he developed are of special interest to many Tolkien scholars. His primary languages are [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]], but these have many variants and dialects as is seen in the table below. They were generally written in the [[Cirth]] and [[Tengwar]] scripts.

*'''[[Primitive Quendian]]'''
**'''[[Avarin]]'''
***'''Various Avarin languages''' (some later merged with Nandorin)
**'''[[Common Eldarin]]''' (the early language of all the [[Eldar]])
***'''[[Quenya]]''' (the language of the [[Noldor]] and the [[Vanyar]])
****''' ''Quendya'' (also ''Vanyarin Quenya'') ''' (daily tongue of the Vanyar: closest to archaic Quenya)
****''' ''Noldorin Quenya'' (also ''Exilic Quenya'') ''' (the "Elven Latin" of Middle-earth)
***'''[[Common Telerin]]''' (the early language of all the [[Lindar]])
****'''[[Telerin]]''' (the language of the [[Teleri]] who reached the [[Undying Lands]])
****'''[[Nandorin]]''' (languages of the [[Nandor]] — some were influenced by Avarin)
*****'''Original language of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]]'''
*****'''Original language of [[Lothlórien|Lórinand]]'''
****'''[[Sindarin]]''' (language of the [[Sindar]])
*****'''[[Doriathrin]]''' (dialect of [[Doriath]])
*****'''[[Falathrin]]''' (dialect of the [[Falas]] and [[Nargothrond]])
*****'''[[North Sindarin]]''' (dialects of [[Dorthonion]] and [[Hithlum]])
******'''[[Gondor Sindarin]]''' (dialect of [[Gondor]])

==Inspiration==
===Germanic influence===
In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', a diminutive fairy-like race of elves had once been a great and mighty people who had "diminished" as Men took over the world.<ref name="bolt1" /><ref>{{HM|LT2}}</ref><ref name="Fimi">[[Dimitra Fimi]], [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2386/is_2_117/ai_n16676591 "Mad" Elves and "elusive beauty": some Celtic strands of Tolkien's mythology] in ''Folklore'', vol. 117, iss. 2, August 2006, pp. 156–170</ref> They were influenced by the [[Wikipedia:Elf|Elves]] of Northern European mythologies, especially the god-like and human-sized ''[[Wikipedia:Light elf|Ljósálfar]]'' of Norse mythology,<ref>[[Tom Shippey]], ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]''</ref> also appearing in medieval works such as ''[[Sir Orfeo]]'', the Welsh [[Pwyll Prince of Dyved|Mabinogion]], [[The Fall of Arthur|Arthurian romances]] and the legends of the [[Wikipedia:Tuatha Dé Danann|Tuatha Dé Danann]].<ref name="Anderson1">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Douglas A. Anderson]] (ed.), ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'', p. 120</ref>

Terry Gunnell also claims that the relationship between beautiful ships and the Elves is reminiscent of Njörðr and Skíðblaðni, Freyr's ship.<ref name="Articles"/>

===Celtic influence===
Tolkien expressed a dislike in Celtic legends and denied that his legendarium is "Celtic",<ref>{{HM|Bio}}, p. 26</ref> however it is believed that Celtic Mythology had a great influence on Tolkien's writings on Elves <ref>[[John Garth]], ''[[Tolkien and the Great War]]'', p. 222</ref><ref name="Articles">Terry Gunnell, "[http://www.hi.is/Apps/WebObjects/HI.woa/wa/dp?detail=1004509&name=nordals_en_greinar_og_erindi ''Tívar'' in a Timeless Land: Tolkien's Elves]" conference lecture delivered on 13 September 2002</ref> and some of the stories Tolkien wrote as their 'legends' are directly influenced by it.<ref name="Fimi"/> For example, the [[Noldor]] are based on the Tuatha Dé Danann in the ''Lebor Gabála Érenn'', and their migratory nature comes from early Irish/Celtic history.<ref name="Fimi"/> John Garth has also referenced the Tuatha Dé Danann in suggesting Tolkien was essentially rewriting Irish fairy traditions.

Tolkien also retains the usage of the Celtic and popular term 'fairy' for the same creatures.<ref>[[Marjorie J. Burns]], ''Perilous Realms: Celtic and Norse in Tolkien's Middle-earth'', p. 22</ref> The Elves are also called fair folk (based on [[Welsh]] ''Tylwyth teg'' 'the beautiful kindred' = fairies)<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 757 cf. "Fair folk"</ref> although they are unrelated to fairies.

===Eschatology===
The larger Elves are also inspired by Tolkien's Christian theology — as representing the state of Men in Eden who have not yet "[[Wikipedia:Fall of Man|fallen]]" — similar to humans but fairer and wiser, with greater spiritual powers, keener senses, and a closer empathy with nature, freed from human limitations, immortal, with wills directly effective for the achievement of imagination and desire.<ref name="Carpenter"/>

===Fairies===
Traditional "Victorian" dancing [[fairies]] and elves appear in Tolkien's early poetry,<ref name = "bolt1">{{HM|LT1}}</ref> and have influence upon his later works<ref>[[Dimitra Fimi]], "[http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/working_with_english/Fimi_31_05_06.pdf Come sing ye light fairy things tripping so gay: Victorian Fairies and the Early Work of J. R. R. Tolkien]". ''Working With English: Medieval and Modern Language, Literature and Drama''. Retrieved 11/01/08</ref> in part due to the influence of a production of J.M. Barrie's ''Peter Pan'' in [[Birmingham]] in 1910<ref name="Carpenter">[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]''</ref> and his familiarity with the work of Catholic mystic poet, Francis Thompson<ref name="Carpenter" /> whose work Tolkien had acquired in 1914.<ref name="bolt1" />

In ''The Book of Lost Tales'' Tolkien includes both the more serious 'medieval' type of elves such as [[Fëanor]] and [[Turgon]] alongside the frivolous, "Jacobean-era" type of elves such as the [[Solosimpi]] and [[Lúthien|Tinúviel]].<ref name="Anderson1" />

Tolkien also developed the idea of children visiting [[Valinor]] in their sleep. Elves would also visit and comfort chided or upset children at night. This theme was largely abandoned.<ref>{{LT1|I}}</ref>

However after the publication of ''The Lord of the Rings'', Tolkien repeatedly expressed his misgivings concerning the undesirable associations of the name "elf" like those of ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'', the Victorian notions of fairies or mischievous imps, the imaginations of Michael Drayton or the fanciful beings with butterfly wings.

He proposed that in [[translations of The Lord of the Rings|translations]] the "oldest available form of the name" be used for more elevated notions of beings "supposed to possess formidable magical powers in early Teutonic mythology" ([[OED]] viz. the [[Old English]] ''ælf'', from Proto-Germanic ''*albo-z''). Tolkien warned against associations to the debased English notion of ''elfin'' and suggested that Germans would not translate his Elves as ''Elf, elfen'', words which might retain the undesirable images.

He rather suggested words such as ''Alp, Alb'', historically the more normal form and true cognate of English ''elf''.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 756, s.v. "Elven-smiths".</ref>

== See also ==
* '''[[:Category:Images of Elves|Images of Elves]]'''
{{references}}
{{elves}}
[[Category:Elves]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[de:Elben]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/elfes]]
[[fi:Haltiat]]

Battles of Beleriand

2019-03-30T02:17:59Z

Avari1:

{{war
| previous=[[War for Sake of the Elves]]
| next=
| image=
| name=Wars of Beleriand
| place=Throughout [[Beleriand]] and the lands northward
| result=Decisive victory for the [[Valar]], expulsion of [[Morgoth]] from Arda
| battles=[[First Battle of Beleriand]], [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], [[Battle of the Lammoth]], [[Dagor Aglareb]], [[Dagor Bragollach]], [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], [[Fall of the Falas]], [[War of Wrath]]
| begin= {{FA|1}}
| end= {{FA|587}}
| side1=[[Host of the Valar]], [[Noldor]], [[Sindar]], [[Dwarves|Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]], and [[Edain]]
| side2=Hosts of [[Angband]]
| commanders1=[[File:Ted Nasmith - The First Dawn of the Sun (cropped).jpg|35px]] [[Oromë]]
* [[Tulkas]]
* [[Fëanor]]†
{{Maedhros blazon|died}} 
{{Fingolfin blazon|died}} 
{{Fingon blazon|died}} 
* [[Turgon]]†
* [[Círdan]]
* [[Huan]]†
{{Finrod blazon|died}} 
{{Eärendil blazon}} 
{{Finarfin blazon}} 
* [[Azaghâl|Azaghâl of Belegost]]†
| commanders2={{Morgoth blazon}}
* [[Sauron]]
* [[Ancalagon]]†
* [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]†
* [[Glaurung]]†
* [[Thuringwethil]]†
* [[Draugluin]]†
* [[Carcharoth]]†
* [[Ulfang]]†
}}

There were many battles between the [[Elves]] of [[Beleriand]] and the forces of [[Morgoth]] in the centuries making up the [[First Age]].

These battles are often referred to as the '''Wars of Beleriand''' or '''Battles of Beleriand''', but also as the '''War of the Jewels''' as the [[Silmarilli]] were behind them all but the [[First Battle of Beleriand]].

== Significant Battles ==

The following are the major battles in this long, extended conflict. Morgoth ever used Angband as a mighty fortress and the base from which to launch his devastating attacks. While the Ñoldor had their victories, the [[Doom of Mandos]] always hung over their efforts. Many Men fell in these battles on both sides, and for a long time after the Elves had scorn for the Houses who supported Morgoth.

#The '''[[First Battle of Beleriand]]''' was fought before the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] arrived, and was fought by the [[Sindar]], [[Laiquendi]], and [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]].
#The Second Battle was the '''[[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]]''', or ''Battle-under-Stars'', fought by the Ñoldor following [[Fëanor]] and his [[Sons of Fëanor|Seven Sons]].
#*During this battle the [[Battle of the Lammoth]] was fought by the host of [[Fingolfin]].
#The Third Battle was the '''[[Dagor Aglareb]]''', or ''Glorious Battle'', which led to the [[Siege of Angband]].
#*Various minor battles were fought during the Siege which are not counted among the majors.
#The Fourth Battle was the disastrous '''[[Dagor Bragollach]]''', or ''Battle of Sudden Flame'', in which [[Ard-galen]] burned and many Ñoldor, including [[Fingolfin]], were slain.
#The Fifth Battle was the '''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]''' or ''Battle of Unnumbered Tears'', in which the [[Union of Maedhros]] was utterly broken by Morgoth.
#*The [[Fall of the Falas]], in which the havens of [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] were sacked and fell, took place after the Nírnaeth.
#*The [[Sack of Nargothrond]], where the city was destroyed by [[Glaurung]] and his [[Orcs]].
#*The [[Fall of Gondolin]], in which Morgoth's hosts besieged and destroyed the Ñoldor and their citadel of [[Gondolin]], killing King [[Turgon]].
#The Sixth and Last Battle of Beleriand was the '''[[War of Wrath]]''', which defeated Morgoth, ended the [[First Age]] of [[Arda]] and destroyed most of Beleriand.

{{warsofbeleriand}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the First Age]]
[[Category:Wars]]
[[fi:Beleriandin Taistelut]]

Battle of Sarn Athrad

2019-03-30T01:53:55Z

Avari1:

{{battle
| image=[[File:Steamey - Death of Naugladur.jpg|280px]]
| name=Battle of Sarn Athrad
| conflict=
| date={{FA|503}}
| place=The crossing at [[Sarn Athrad]] and the slopes of the [[Blue Mountains]]
| result=Complete destruction of the Dwarven host, recovery of the [[Nauglamír]]
| side1=[[Laiquendi]], [[Ents]]
| side2=[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]
| commanders1=*[[Beren|Beren Erchamion]]
| commanders2=*[[Lord of Nogrod]]†
| forces1=
| forces2=
| casual1=Light
| casual2=Completeley destroyed<ref name="Ruin">{{S|Doriath}}</ref>
}}
The '''Battle of Sarn Athrad''' was a fight between the [[Dwarves]] of [[Nogrod]] and [[Elves]] of [[Ossiriand]] after the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves]] and the sack of [[Menegroth]].

==History==
===Prelude===
In {{FA|502}}<ref name="Tale">{{WJ|Years}}, p. 346</ref> King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] had asked Dwarves from [[Nogrod]] to remake the [[Nauglamír]] and set in it the [[Silmaril]] he had received from [[Beren]]. Dwarven craftsmen from Nogrod performed this task but in secret, they were determined to possess the finished work and carry it off to their mountain home. When Thingol was ready to place the completed necklace about his neck the Dwarves challenged his right to own it. He rebuked them and they slew the king. The Dwarves took the necklace and fled eastward. All but two were killed, the Nauglamír was retaken, and was brought back to Queen [[Melian]]. However, the two Dwarves who escaped went to Nogrod and spread a false tale that Thingol had had the Dwarves killed in Doriath to cheat them of their reward for fashioning the necklace.

The wrath of the Dwarves was kindled by the false report and long they plotted vengeance. Aid was sought from the Dwarves of [[Belegost]] but they denied it and tried to dissuade the Dwarves of Nogrod from their purpose.<ref name="Ruin">{{S|Doriath}}</ref> Their attempt did not avail; in {{FA|503}}<ref name="Tale"/> Nogrod issued a great host that marched on Doriath. In the meantime, the grieving Melian left [[Middle-earth]], which withdrew the [[Girdle of Melian]] that had long protected the realm. There was thus no hindrance when the Dwarves swept into Menegroth, fought and killed many Elves, and took the Nauglamír and other plunder.<ref name="Ruin"/>

===The Battle===
Word of the host of Dwarves in war gear heading west had come to Beren and [[Lúthien]], then dwelling on [[Tol Galen]]. Soon a messenger from Doriath came and revealed what had befallen. Beren, his son [[Dior]], and a host of [[Green-elves]] of [[Ossiriand]] journeyed swiftly north to the river [[Ascar]], which emptied into the [[Gelion]] near the Dwarf-road crossing at [[Sarn Athrad]].<ref name="Ruin"/>

Unaware of any peril, the reduced host of Dwarves burdened with the spoils of Doriath entered the ford. As they climbed up Gelion's banks the air filled with the sound of elven-horns and the shafts of arrows. Beren slew the Lord of Nogrod<ref>{{LT2|IV}}, p.225</ref> and took from him the Nauglamír. Although most of the Dwarves were killed in the ford, some escaped and fled towards the mountains. However, as they climbed the slopes of [[Mount Dolmed]], [[Ents]] came forth and drove the Dwarves into the forest, from which none escaped.<ref name="Ruin"/>

===Aftermath===
This was Beren's last battle. As the Lord of Nogrod was dying he cursed all of the treasure taken from Doriath. Beren took the [[Nauglamír]], washed it of blood, and took it back to Tol Galen for [[Lúthien]]. The rest of the treasure though was cast into the [[Ascar]], which from then on carried the named [[Rathlóriel]], the Goldenbed. Dior left his parents and took up the kingship in Doriath. After his parents died the recovered Nauglamír came to Dior. Eventually, news of the necklace and its Silmaril came to the sons of [[Fëanor]] who assaulted and destroyed Doriath.<ref name="Ruin"/>

{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the First Age]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:1a:guerres:bataille_de_sarn_athrad]]

Wainrider/Balchoth War

2019-03-29T23:07:45Z

Avari1: cleaned up

{{unnamed}}
{{expansion}}
{{War
| previous=[[Corsair Wars]]
| next=[[War of the Ring]]
| name=Wainrider/Balchoth War
| image=
| begin={{TA|1851}}
| end={{TA|2510}}
| place=[[Gondor]], [[Rhovanion]], [[Dagorlad]], both banks of [[Anduin|River Anduin]]
| result=Decisive victory for Gondor and the Éothéod
| battles=[[Battle of the Plains]], [[Second Battle of Dagorlad]], [[Disaster of the Morannon]], [[Battle of the Camp]], [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]]
| side1=[[Gondorians]], [[Éothéod]]
| side2=[[Easterling]] forces: [[Wainriders]] and [[Balchoth]]
| commanders1=
[[File:John Howe - Icon Gondor transparent.png|45px|left]] [[Rómendacil I|Tarostar Rómendacil I]] †{{clear}}
[[File:John Howe - Icon Gondor transparent.png|45px|left]] [[Turambar (King of Gondor)|Turambar]]{{clear}}
[[File:John Howe - Icon Gondor transparent.png|45px|left]] [[Narmacil II]] †{{clear}}
[[File:John Howe - Icon Gondor transparent.png|45px|left]] [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]{{clear}}
[[File:John Howe - Icon Gondor transparent.png|45px|left]] [[Ondoher]] †{{clear}}
[[File:John Howe - Icon Gondor transparent.png|45px|left]] [[Earnil II]] {{clear}}
[[File:John Howe - Icon Gondor transparent.png|45px|left]] [[Cirion]]{{clear}}
[[File:John Howe - Icon Rohan transparent.png|45px|left]] [[Eorl]]{{clear}}
[[File:John Howe - Icon Rohan transparent.png|45px|left]] [[Éomund (Captain of the Éothéod)|Éomund]]{{clear}}
*[[Marhari]]†
*[[Marhwini]]
| commanders2=
* Unknown Easterling commanders
|}}
The '''Wainrider/Balchoth War''' was a long series of battles spread over the first, second and third millennia of the Third Age. The first of these attacks occurred several centuries after the founding of Gondor. During this period, Gondor was under assault from the east by a number of [[Easterling]] tribes variously referred to as [[Wainriders]] and [[Balchoth]]. After some serious setbacks for Gondor, they were at last decisively defeated.

== Historical Background ==

Early in the Third Age, c. {{TA|490}}, Easterling tribes began a series of attacks against the southern [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] exile kingdom of Gondor. This first occurred during the reign of King [[Ostoher]], who also rebuilt [[Minas Tirith|Minas Anor]], in c. 490. His successor, [[Rómendacil I]], defeated an Easterling invasion in {{TA}} 500, but was slain in a fresh assault by them in {{TA|541}}. His son, Turambar, once again defeated them and captured a large area eastwards south of the Sea of Rhûn. Gondor was not troubled by Easterling attacks for centuries afterward, and by the reign of [[Hyarmendacil I|Ciryaher Hyarmendacil]] (c. 1050), Gondor was at the height of its power, controlling wide areas to the south and east.<ref name="B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

Minalcar, Regent and later King of Gondor, gave the Northmen extensive lands east of Anduin and south of the forest of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]].

== Calimehtar and Marhwini ==
In {{TA|1851}}, Rhovanion was invaded by a tribe of [[Easterlings]] known as the [[Wainriders]].<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> The soldiers of the Kingdom of Rhovanion, together with the armies of [[Gondor]], met the Wainriders at the [[Battle of the Plains]] in {{TA|1856|n}}, which was a disaster. The [[King of Gondor]], [[Narmacil II]], was killed and [[Marhwini]]'s father [[Marhari]] died leading the rearguard. Much of the Kingdom of Rhovanion was lost and its people were enslaved. Some Northmen escaped, and Marhwini led one band of refugees to the west.<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

The refugees wandered until they reached the untamed land between the eastern bank of the [[Anduin|River Anduin]] and the western edge of [[Mirkwood|Mirkwood Forest]]. Settling there in the [[Vales of Anduin]], the refugees would become the [[Éothéod]], the ancestors of the mighty [[Riders of Rohan]].<ref name="Cirion"/>

Forty-three years later, Marhwini warned [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] that the Wainriders were plotting to raid [[Calenardhon]] over the [[Undeeps]] but the enslaved Northmen also prepared a revolt against the Wainriders. Calimehtar provoked the Wainriders out of [[Ithilien]]; the Wainriders came down with all the strength that they could spare, and Calimehtar gave way before them, drawing them away from their homes. At the peak of the battle, horsemen that Calimehtar had sent over the [[Undeeps]] (left unguarded by the enemy) joined with a great [[éored]] led by Marhwini and he drove the Wainriders back to the [[East]].<ref name="Cirion"/>

== Fall of Ondoher ==
[[Image:Olanda Fong-Surdenas - Easterling.jpg|left|thumb|Olanda Fong-Surdenas - ''Easterling'']]
In {{TA|1944}}, the enemies of [[Gondor]] made a double assault: first the [[Haradrim]] invaded from the south and then a few days later word came of the [[Wainriders]] invading from the east. While Ëarnil moved to deal with the southern incursion the northern army headed north through [[Ithilien]], planning to deploy upon the [[Dagorlad]]. Unfortunately, the Wainriders moved faster than expected along the outskirts of the [[Ered Lithui]] and struck the head of Gondor's army before any defensive dispositions had been made. Swiftly the enemy's chariots and horsemen overwhelmed the King's Guard, killing both Ondoher and Artamir at the [[Disaster of the Morannon]].

King Ondoher's sister-son, [[Minohtar]] attempted to stem the onslaught of the Wainriders. During the rout, the [[leader of the Éothéod]] brought to Minohtar the body of Faramir, who had disguised himself in order to fight with a party of the Éothéod. Soon Minohtar himself was slain as the enemy poured into northern Ithilien.

The suddenness of their victory was the Wainriders' undoing. Unbeknownst to them Eärnil had crushed the [[Haradrim]] and was racing north to aid the northern army. His attack upon the feasting Wainriders, later known as the [[Battle of the Camp]], defeated the Wainriders and sent them reeling back into the East.<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

== Cirion and Eorl ==
Upon assuming the Stewardship in {{TA|2489}}, one of [[Cirion]]'s main concerns was the threat of invasion from the north, where the forts along the [[Anduin]] had long been abandoned. He stationed a few men there and sent scouts into the area between [[Mirkwood]] and [[Dagorlad]]. Cirion's spies discovered new enemies, the [[Balchoth]], steadily migrating in from beyond the Sea of [[Rhûn]].

After the winter of {{TA|2509|n}}, reports came to Cirion that hosts of men were mustering along the southern edge of Mirkwood with plans to invade Gondor. Desperately, Cirion dispatched several messengers to the [[Éothéod]] asking for help. These people had long been friendly to Gondor but had removed to the far north near the sources of the Anduin.

Six volunteer riders were chosen to attempt the nine hundred and fifty-mile journey through [[Calenardhon]], over the [[Undeeps]], and past the shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. Only one, [[Borondir]], got through to [[Framsburg]] when he delivered his message to King [[Eorl]] the Young.

Knowing that there was scant chance of his message arriving, and not knowing if the Éothéod would respond, Cirion gathered as great a strength as he could and prepared to lead it himself against the threat while leaving his son [[Hallas]] in command at [[Minas Tirith]].

However, as Cirion led his forces north, the Balchoth crossed the Anduin on rafts and overpowered the defenders. Cirion's army was cut off and driven north over the [[Limlight]]. Then came a sudden attack by a horde of Orcs descending from the [[Misty Mountains]], which pressed Cirion towards the Anduin. Hope was failing when suddenly the horns of Eorl's riders were heard and the fortunes of the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]] were reversed. Eorl the Young and his riders swept away the enemy, pursuing the Balchoth across the fields of Calenardhon.<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
After the great victory, Cirion parted from Eorl but asked him to meet him again in three months upon the banks of the [[Mering Stream]]. When they met again, Cirion had caused the overgrown path up [[Amon Anwar]] to be cleared, and the two men with their parties ascended the hill.

Prior to reaching the top, Cirion revealed his resolution, to offer to Eorl the land of Calenardhon for him and his people, in perpetual alliance with Gondor. Eorl accepted, in acknowledgment of Cirion's wisdom and friendship. The group then continued to climb and, at the summit, Cirion revealed the tomb of [[Elendil]]. Before witnesses (Cirion’s son [[Hallas]], the [[Princes of Dol Amroth|Prince]] of [[Dol Amroth]], and two other [[Council of Gondor|Councilors of Gondor]]), Cirion pledged his bond with Eorl. In return, Eorl swore the [[Oath of Eorl]] and became the first [[King of Rohan]].<ref name="Cirion"/>

[[Category:Wars]]

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Kin-Strife]]
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]
| dates={{TA|1851}} - {{TA|2510}}
| next=[[War of the Dwarves and Dragons]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/3a/guerres/guerre_du_gondor_contre_les_gens-des-chariots]]

Dwarves

2019-03-29T01:49:11Z

Avari1: tweaks here and there

{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Dwarves
| image=[[File:Alarie - A bunch of dwarves.jpg|250px]]
| caption="A bunch of dwarves" by [[:Category:Images by Alarie|Alarie]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Naugrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nogothrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]).''[[Khazâd]]'' ([[Khuzdul|K]]), ''[[Hadhod]]rim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''[[Casar]]i'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| origin=Created by [[Aulë]]
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], [[Belegost]], [[Nogrod]], [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Glittering Caves]], [[Grey Mountains]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Gundabad]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=[[Elves]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]] ([[Dwarvish]]), [[Iglishmêk]] (sign language), [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]<ref name="S10">{{S|10}}</ref>
| people='''Clans:''' [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]], [[Firebeards]], [[Broadbeams]], [[Ironfists]], [[Stiffbeards]], [[Blacklocks]], [[Stonefoots]], [[Petty-dwarves]] '''Groups:''' [[Dwarves of Belegost|Belegost Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Erebor|Erebor Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|Khazad-dûm Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Nogrod Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains|Blue Mountain Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains|Grey Mountain Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills|Iron Hill Dwarves]]
| members=[[Durin]], [[Gimli]], [[Thorin]], [[Dáin Ironfoot]], [[Azaghâl]], [[Mîm]], [[Balin]]
| lifespan=c. 250-300 years<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>
| distinctions=Stocky; bearded; never bald; especially hardy and loyal; notoriously stubborn
| height=4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall
| hair=Blond, brown, black, blue, red, and (when older) grey or white
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=Often axes, swords, bows, mattocks
}}
{{quote|Since they were to come in the days of the power of [[Morgoth|Melkor]], [[Aulë]] made the dwarves strong to endure. Therefore they are stone-hard, stubborn, fast in friendship and in enmity, and they suffer toil and hunger and hurt of body more hardily than all other speaking peoples; and they live long, far beyond the span of Men, yet not forever.|[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"}}
The '''Dwarves''', or '''''[[Khuzd|Khazâd]]''''' in their own tongue, were beings of short stature, often friendly with [[Hobbits]] although long suspicious of [[Elves]]. They were typically blacksmiths and stoneworkers by profession, unrivalled in some of their arts even by the Elves.

While there were several tribes (Houses) of the Dwarves, the most prominent was that of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].

==History==
===Origin===
Unlike Elves and [[Men]], the Dwarves are not counted among the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Their creator was [[Aulë#Names and etymology|Mahal]], known as [[Aulë]] the Smith. Aulë created the Seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], from whom all other Dwarves are descended, deep beneath an unknown mountain somewhere in [[Middle-earth]]. However, Aulë did not have the divine power to grant independent life to any creation, and the dwarves were bound to his will. [[Ilúvatar]] came and reprimanded Aulë, who confessed his desire to create more living things, but in repentance lifted his hammer to destroy the dwarves. Even as the blow was about to land, the dwarves cowered and begged for mercy, as Ilúvatar had taken pity and given true life to the creations of his child, including them in His plan for [[Arda]]. However, Ilúvatar did not wish them to wake before the [[Elves]], whom he intended to be the first-born. Ilúvatar granted the Dwarves life, and therefore they are known as the Adopted Children of Ilúvatar, but he bade Aulë lay them to sleep in their chamber deep beneath the mountain, and they were to awake after the [[Awakening of the Elves]].<ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

[[File:BFME2 - Dwarf 4.jpg|thumb||Dwarves as portrayed in [[The Battle for Middle-earth II]] game.]]
The Seven Fathers awoke in their places in pairs with their wives, though [[Durin|Durin I]] had awoken alone. The seven different groups of Dwarf-folk originated in the locations where the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves first awoke.<ref name=pmxnotes>{{PM|XNotes}}</ref>

The seven clans of the Dwarves were:<ref name="PMX">{{PM|X}}</ref>

* '''[[Longbeards]]''', ''Durin's Folk'', originally from [[Gundabad]].<ref name="PMX">{{PM|X}}</ref>
* '''[[Firebeards]]''' and '''[[Broadbeams]]''', originally from the [[Blue Mountains]].<ref name="PMX">{{PM|X}}</ref>
* '''[[Ironfists]]''' and '''[[Stiffbeards]]''', originated in the [[East]].<ref name="PMX">{{PM|X}}</ref>
* '''[[Blacklocks]]''' and '''[[Stonefoots]]''', originated in the [[East]].<ref name="PMX">{{PM|X}}</ref>

Durin settled in the caves above [[Kheled-zâram]] which later became the greatest of Dwarf realms, [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Therefore the halls of the Longbeards were not located near the halls of another Dwarf-kingdom.

There was also an eighth group of Dwarves that was not a separate member from these seven kindreds, but composed of exiles from each: the [[Petty-dwarves]], who were hunted like animals to the point of extinction by the [[Elves]] in the First Age.

===Years of the Trees and First Age===
Sometime after the Elves had awakened at [[Cuiviénen]], the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves were released from their stone chambers. The eldest of them, called Durin, wandered until he founded the city of [[Khazad-dûm]] in the natural caves beneath three peaks: [[Baranzinbar]], [[Zirakzigil]], and [[Bundushathûr]]. The city, populated by the Longbeards or [[Durin's folk]], grew and prospered continuously through Durin's life (which was so long that he was called Durin the Deathless, also a reference to the belief by his people that he would be reincarnated seven times).

Far to the west of Khazad-dûm, the great dwarvish cities of [[Belegost]] and [[Nogrod]] were founded in [[Ered Luin]] (the Blue Mountains) during the [[Years of the Trees]], before the arrival of the Elves in [[Beleriand]]. The [[Dwarves of Belegost]] were the first to forge mail of linked rings, and they also traded weaponry with the Sindar and carved the [[Menegroth|Thousand Caves of Menegroth]] for the Elf king [[Thingol]]. In Nogrod, the Smith [[Telchar]] forged [[Narsil]] and [[Angrist]], two of the most fateful weapons in the history of Arda, as well as the famed [[Dragon-helm]] of [[Dor-Lómin]].

It is said that some Dwarves in the far [[East]] had fallen under the [[Shadow]] and were of evil mind when the ancestors of the [[Edain]] had encountered them.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #28</ref>

The [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]] fought against the forces of Melkor during the first age, and the Dwarves of Belegost were the only people able to withstand dragon-fire in the [[Battle of Unnumbered Tears]], when [[Lord of Belegost|Lord]] [[Azaghâl]], who died in the battle, stabbed Glaurung, the first dragon. The [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] fought against Melkor as well. However, they slew [[Thingol]] out of greed and stole the [[Silmaril]] they had been charged to set into the necklace called [[Nauglamír]]. A number of retaliatory actions ensued, and the Nogrod army was destroyed by a force of [[Laiquendi]] and [[Ents]]. Both dwarf kingdoms would eventually be destroyed, along with nearly all of Beleriand, after the [[War of Wrath]], with the dwarvish refugees mainly resettling in Khazad-dûm.

During those times of war in Beleriand, the Longbeard [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] prospered in relative peace colonizing the [[Iron Hills]] and the [[Grey Mountains]] and traded with the ancestors of the [[Northmen]].<ref>{{PM|Relations}}, pp. 302-303</ref>

===Second Age===

In the [[Second Age]], around the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Firebeards and Broadbeams who lived in Nogrod and Belegost left the destruction behind and came to [[Khazad-dûm]], increasing its wealth and power.<ref name=AppA3/>

The Dwarves had little participation in most of the important events involving the other races. However their friendship with the Elves perhaps became more close than ever; the Dwarves of [[Moria]] maintained close connections to the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] of [[Eregion]]; the [[Doors of Durin]] of Moria were built to facilitate the communication between the two people, and was constructed jointly by both races.

When Eregion was sacked by [[Sauron]]'s forces, the Dwarves assailed them from behind however, it was too late to stop him from conquering all [[Eriador]].<ref name="UTGalad">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>
[[File:Liz Danforth - Annatar and the Seven Rings.png|thumb|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Annatar and the seven rings'']]
When "[[Annatar]]" distributed the Rings of Power, he gave [[seven Rings|seven]] to Dwarf Lords in order to subdue and control them. However, they did not have the same effect as they did over Men. Dwarves did not shift into the [[wraith-world]] and in fact resisted domination. The Rings only augmented their greed and ability to create riches.

At the end of the Age, very few Dwarves participated in the [[War of the Last Alliance|great War]], with some joining the side of [[Sauron]]. Some of the [[Dwarves of Moria]] joined the great host of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Third Age===

[[File:Angus McBride - Dwarves.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''The Dwarves are upon You!'']]
In [[Third Age 1980]], after centuries of greedy digging for ''[[mithril]]'' and other minerals, the Dwarves woke a [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] that was sleeping in the deeps of the Misty Mountains since the First Age. The Dwarves fled Khazad-dum, which from then on was called ''Moria'', which means "Black pit".

Most of Durin's folk left for the [[Grey Mountains]] in the North, while some followed the new king, [[Thráin I]], who briefly went to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] in {{TA|1999}}. For more than 300 years the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] prospered until the Dragons in the far North started to gain strength. Some fled to the [[Iron Hills]], while most followed the new king [[Thrór]] to Erebor to start a new [[Kingdom under the Mountain]]. There, they prospered for over 200 years until the dragon [[Smaug]] descended in {{TA|2770}}. The King and his company went in exile South, while most of the survivors went to the Iron Hills.

Durin's folk settled in [[Dunland]], and in {{TA|2790}} King Thrór travelled North to Moria where he was killed by the [[Orcs|Goblin]] king [[Azog]]. Thrór's son [[Thráin|Thráin II]] (who had received the Last of the Seven Rings from his father before his departure) summoned all the Houses of Dwarves to war. Thus began the [[War of Dwarves and Orcs]], in which the Dwarves destroyed all the Goblin strongholds in the [[Misty Mountains]] culminating to the great [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] where all the dwarven clans united. The Goblin hosts issuing from Moria were strong and relentless until the arrival of fresh [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]. The Battle ended with the victory of Dwarves, but at great cost. The Dwarven clans, however, were unwilling to repopulate Moria. Thráin, therefore, came to the [[Blue Mountains]] and established his [[Thorin's Halls|realm]] there.

[[File:Angelo Montanini - Dori.jpg|thumb|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dori'']]
The Wizard [[Gandalf]] was instrumental into helping Thráin's son Thorin in reclaiming the Kingdom of Erebor. Thorin gathered around him [[Thorin and Company|twelve dwarves]], mostly from his own line, and was joined by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]. The [[Quest of Erebor]] ended with the death of [[Smaug]]. After a quarrel with the Men and Elves over the unguarded hoard, the Dwarves - assisted by those from the [[Iron Hills]] - united with the Men and Elves to fight the attacking Goblins and Wargs, in what was called the [[Battle of Five Armies]], where Thorin was killed.

[[Gimli]] son of Glóin joined the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] as a representative of the Dwarves and befriended [[Legolas]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

===Fourth Age===
Not much is known about the Dwarves in the [[Fourth Age]]. After the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gimli]] brought a part of Durin's Folk from Erebor to the Glittering Caves behind Helm's Deep and founded a colony there. Subsequently, Gimli went on many travels with his friend Legolas, and History lost track of their fate. Through their friendship and influence, the feud between the two races that had lasted for millennia finally ended, shortly before the departure of the last Elves from Middle-earth. It is rumoured that Gimli and Legolas eventually boarded a ship that sailed down the river Anduin, out to sea and across to Valinor in the year {{FoA|120}}. Gimli would thus have become the only Dwarf to ever be permitted to cross to the Undying Lands.

[[Durin VII]] (the Last), retook and brought Khazad-dûm back to its original splendour, and the Longbeards lived there till the "world grew old and the days of Durin's race ended".<ref name="PMX" />

==Nature==
They were 4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall and their more distinctive characteristic was their beard which they have from the beginning of their lives, male and females alike; and which they shave only in shame.<ref name=wj13>{{WJ|13}}</ref>

They a tendency toward gold lust and committed their share of rash and greedy acts. Among these was the dispute over the [[Nauglamír]], which led to the slaying of Elu [[Thingol]] and stirred up the initial suspicion between Elves and Dwarves to open hatred.<ref name=rings/>

Dwarves generally lived far from the sea and avoided getting on boats, as they disliked the sound of the ocean and were afraid of it.<ref name="S10" />

===Wicked Dwarves===
Of the people of Middle-earth, Dwarves are the most resistant to corruption and influence of Morgoth and later Sauron. The seven rings of Power of the dwarves did not turn them to evil, but it did amplify their greed and lust for gold. It is said that very few wilfully served the side of darkness.<ref name="Other">{{App|Other}}</ref>

In the First Age it is said that some [[Men]] had met Dwarves of the [[East]] who had fallen under the [[Shadow]] and were of evil mind and were distrustful of their race.<ref name=pmxnotes/>{{rp|n. 28}} Of the seven houses few fought on either side during the [[War of the Last Alliance]] at the end of the Second Age, and it's known that none from the House of Durin ever fought on the side of evil.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

During the early parts of the Third Age (or at least in legends of the previous), it is known that in some places wicked dwarves had made alliances with [[orcs]].<ref>{{H|Hill}}</ref> It is suggested by Tolkien in some of his notes that of the dwarves that turned to wickedness they most likely came from the Dwarves of the far eastern mansions (and perhaps some of the nearer ones) came under the Shadow of Morgoth and turned to evil. It is, however, unlikely if these refer to [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]] (the most eastern known stronghold of the Dwarves).<ref name=pmxnotes/>{{rp|n. 28}}

But the Dwarves are not evil by nature, and few ever served the Enemy of free will, whatever the tales of Men may have alleged.<ref name="Other">{{App|Other}}</ref> For Men of old lusted after their wealth and the work of their hands, and there has been enmity between the races.<ref name="Other" />

===Skills and industries===
As creations of Aulë, they were attracted to the substances of Arda and crafts. They mined and worked precious metals throughout the mountains of Middle-earth. They were considered unrivalled in arts such as smithing, crafting, metalworking, and masonry, even by the [[Noldor]].<ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

The Dwarves were the greatest miners ever to exist in [[Middle-earth]], building immense halls under mountains where they built their cities. They built many famed halls including the [[Menegroth]], the fairest dwelling of any king that has been east of the Sea, [[Khazad-dum]], the grandest mansions of the Dwarves,<ref name="S10" /> the [[Elvenking's Halls]], and the [[Kingdom Under the Mountain]].

In the darkness of [[Arda]] already the Dwarves wrought great works for even from the first days of their Fathers they had marvellous skill with metals and with stone; but in that ancient time iron and copper they loved to work, rather than silver and gold.<ref name="S10" />

In the tempering of steel alone of all crafts the Dwarves were never outmatched even by the [[Noldor]], and in the making of mail of linked rings, which was first contrived by the [[Dwarves of Belegost|smiths of Belegost]], their work had no rival. During the third age of the captivity of [[Melkor]], the Dwarves smithied for [[Thingol]]; for they were greatly skilled in such work, though none among them surpassed the [[Dwarves of Nogrod|craftsmen of Nogrod]], of whom [[Telchar]] the smith was greatest in renown.<ref name="S10" />

They were also capable masons and smiths - Dwarven smithing skills were said to be unrivalled, and their masonry creations were bested by none. The crafting skills of the Dwarves were unmatched; they crafted objects of great beauty out of gems and metals. They crafted many famed weapons, armours, and items of art and beauty, among them [[Narsil]], the sword of [[Elendil]], the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]] and the necklace [[Nauglamír]], the most prized treasure in [[Nargothrond]] and the most famed Dwarven work of the [[Elder Days]].<ref name=doriath>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

In the [[Third Age]], Dwarves wrought with patient craft works of metal and stone that now none can rival.<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>. However, as stated by [[Gloin son of Groin|Gloin]] at the [[Council of Elrond]], the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] have surpassed their predecessors in mining and building before [[Smaug]] descended on the [[Lonely Mountain]], but not in metal-work, smithing or the making of mail, as their predecessors' secrets have been long lost.<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>

===Hardiness===
The Dwarves were created by Aulë to be strong, resistant to fire and the evils of Morgoth. They were hardier than any other race, secretive, stubborn, and steadfast in enmity or loyalty.

The Dwarves are described as "the most redoubtable warriors of all the Speaking Peoples"<ref name="PMX" /> - a warlike race who would fight fiercely against whoever aggrieved them including Dwarves of "other mansions and lordships".<ref name="S10" /> Highly skilled in the making of weapons and armour, their main weapon is the battle axe, but they also use bows, swords, shields, and mattocks.<ref>{{H|15}}</ref>

Sickness was almost unknown to the Dwarves, as they were immune to human diseases.<ref name=PMAiv/>

They were generally less corruptible than Men. When Sauron attempted to enslave the Free Folk of Middle-earth using the [[Rings of Power]], the Elves completely resisted his power (indeed, his hand had never sullied the [[Three Rings]]), while the [[Nine Rings]] utterly corrupted the Men who bore them into the [[Ringwraiths]]. In contrast, the Dwarves were sturdy and resistant enough that Sauron was not able to dominate them using the [[Seven Rings]]. At most, the Seven Rings sowed strife among the Dwarves and filled their wearers with an insatiable greed for gold, but they did not turn them into wraiths subservient to the Dark Lord, and he considered his plan to have failed. Sauron was furious at the Dwarves' resistance, spurring his drive to recapture the Seven Rings from them.

Another example was [[Gimli]], who, while [[Saruman]] used the power in his voice and the [[Rohirrim]] were spell-bound by his magic, Gimli was unmoved and commented that Saruman's words cannot be trusted, causing Saruman to be angered enough to lose his charm.<ref>{{TT|Voice}}</ref>

===Lifespan===
The lifespan of Dwarves was varied depending on their House.<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref> The [[Longbeards]] were particularly long-lived,<ref name=PMAiv/> but by the Third Age their lifespan was diminished and they lived, on average, 250 years.<ref name=PMAiv/> The [[Kings of Durin's Folk]] named "Durin" were particularly long-lived.<ref name=PMAiv/> Occasionally they would live up to 300 years of age, and [[Dwalin]] reached the rare lifespan of 340 years (comparable to a Middle Man living to 100).<ref name=PMAiv/>

Until they were around 30 years of age, Dwarves were considered too young for heavy labour or war (hence the slaying of Azog by [[Dain Ironfoot]] at age 32 was a great feat). By the age of 40, Dwarves were hardened into the appearance that they would keep for most of their lives. Between the approximate ages of 40 and 240, most Dwarves were equally hale and able to work and fight with vigour. They took on the appearance of age only about ten years before their death, wrinkling and greying rapidly, but never going bald.

Although Dwarves did not suffer from diseases, corpulence could affect them. In prosperous circumstances, many grew fat by the age of 200 and became physically inept.<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

==Culture and family==
The Dwarves didn't have relationships with animals, didn't harbour even [[dogs]] and wouldn't mount a [[horse]] willingly. For this reason they found the [[Northmen]] useful [[Alliance of Dwarves and Men|allies]] in the Second Age.<ref>{{PM|Relations}}</ref><ref name=pmxnotes/>{{rp|n. 29}}

The Dwarves' numbers, although they sometimes flourished, often faced periods of decline, especially in periods of war. The slow increase of their population was due to the rarity of [[Dwarf-women]], who made up only about a third of the total population. Dwarves seldom wedded before the age of ninety or more, and rarely had so many as four children. They took only one husband or wife in their lifetime, and were jealous, as in all matters of their rights. The number of Dwarf-men that married was actually less than a third, for not all the Dwarf-women took husbands; some desired none, some wanted one they could not have and would have no other. Many Dwarf-men did not desire marriage because they were absorbed in their work.<ref name=AppA3>{{App|A3}}</ref><ref name=PMAiv/>

Dwarf-women seldom walked abroad, and that only in great need. When they did travel, they were so alike Dwarf-men in voice, appearance, and garb that it was hard for other races to tell them apart. They were likewise seldom named in genealogies, joining their husbands' families. The only Dwarf-woman named in Tolkien's legendarium is [[Dís]], sister of Thorin Oakenshield, who was given a place in the records because of the gallant deaths of her sons, Fíli and Kíli. The scarcity of women, their rare mention, and their identical looks with the males, coupled with the Dwarves' secretive culture, led many to mistakenly believe that Dwarves were born out of stone, and upon death, they returned to that stone.<ref name=AppA3/><ref name=PMAiv/>

Dwarves are fiercely devoted to their parents and children. In their desire for their children to grow up hardy and enduring, they may treat them harshly, but they will protect them at all costs. Dwarves resent injuries to their children and to their parents more than injuries to themselves.<ref name=PMAiv/>

==Religion==
The Dwarves loved and revered the Vala Aulë.<ref name="S10" /><ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

Of old, the Elves believed that the Dwarves would have no future in [[Arda Unmarred]], but the Dwarves themselves held to a promise that Ilúvatar would hallow them and adopt them as his Children. They maintained that after death Aulë (Mahal) cared for them, gathering them to the [[Halls of Mandos]] with the other Children of Ilúvatar, though in halls set apart. It is said that after the Last Battle they will work alongside Aulë in the remaking of Arda.<ref name=S2/>

==Language==
The Dwarven language was created by Aulë, and was called [[Khuzdul]]. It was a strange language to Elves and Men, and few non-Dwarves learned it, because it was difficult, and the Dwarves kept it secret, preferring to communicate in the languages of their neighbours. Only one Khuzdul phrase was well known to outsiders: the ancient battle cry, going back to at least the First Age: "''Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!''", which means "Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!". The Dwarves taught Khuzdul carefully to their children, as a learned language, not a cradle-tongue, and thus the language changed very little over the ages, unlike those of other races. The Dwarves also devised a secret language of gestures to communicate between themselves in silence, the ''[[iglishmêk]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 395</ref>

Certainly in the First Age when they first made contact with the Elves, the only tongue in Beleriand would have been Sindarin at that time as the Noldor had not yet returned from Aman. As a logical consequence, therefore, Sindarin was a language used by the dwarves.<ref name="S10" /> But the Dwarves were swift to learn and indeed were more willing to learn the [[Elven-tongue]] than to teach their own to those of alien race.<ref name="S10" /> In fact, the Dwarves were so impressed by the Elvish runes (The Cirth of Daeron) for writing Sindarin that they adopted them for use in their own tongue and used them forever more.

==Names==
The Dwarves called themselves the ''[[Khazâd]]'', the name Aulë gave them; this is adapted as '''''[[Hadhod]]'''rim'' in [[Sindarin]], and '''''[[Casar]]'''i'' in [[Quenya]]. Casari was the common word for Dwarves among the [[Noldor]], but the [[Sindar]] usually called them ''Naugrim'' or ''Nogothrim'', the Stunted People.<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref>

An epithet for the Dwarves in [[Quenya]] was ''Auleonnar'', meaning "offspring of Aule".<ref>{{HM|PM}}, p. 391</ref>

In their dealings with people of other races, the Dwarves did not reveal their true names, rather adopting new names in other languages (the [[petty-dwarves]] were an exception). During the Third Age, the Longbeards used [[northern Mannish]] names in public.

==Inspiration==
Almost all the names of the Dwarves of Middle-earth are taken from the Old Norse [[Völuspá]].

According to Tolkien, the "real 'historical'" plural of ''dwarf'' is ''dwarrows'' or ''dwerrows''. He once referred to ''dwarves'' as "a piece of private bad grammar" (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|Letters]]'', 17), but in Appendix F to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' he explains that if we still spoke of ''dwarves'' regularly, English might have retained a special plural for the word ''dwarf'' as with ''man''. The form ''dwarrow'' only appears in the word ''Dwarrowdelf'', a name for [[Moria]]. Tolkien used ''Dwarves'', instead, which corresponds with ''Elf'' and ''Elves'', making its meaning more apparent. The use of a different term also serves to set Tolkien's Dwarves apart from the similarly-named creatures in mythology and fairy-tales.

The enduring popularity of Tolkien's books, especially ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]],'' has led to the popular use of the term ''dwarves'' to describe this race in fantasy literature. Before Tolkien, the term ''dwarfs'' (with a different spelling) was used, as seen in ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs''. In fact, the latter spelling was so common that the original editor of ''The Lord of the Rings'' "corrected" Tolkien's ''dwarves'' to ''dwarfs'' (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', 138).

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's Middle-earth mythology (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') the dwarves were evil beings created by [[Morgoth|Melkor]].

In an earlier version of the legendarium it is hinted that the Dwarves do not know about Ilúvatar, or that they disbelieve his existence, but later writings contradict that suggestion.<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Dwarves|Images of Dwarves]]

==External links==

*"[http://lingwe.blogspot.se/2013/02/did-tolkien-coin-plural-dwarves.html Did Tolkien coin the plural “dwarves”?]" by [[Jason Fisher]]

{{references}}
{{Dwarvenclans}}
[[Category:Dwarves| ]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[de:Zwerge]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/nains]]
[[fi:Kääpiöt]]

Durin's Folk

2019-03-29T01:48:51Z

Avari1: tweaked and tidied and included some missing info

{{people infobox
| name=Longbeards
| image=[[File:Warren Mahy - Longbeard king.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Warren Mahy - Longbeard king.jpg|Longbeard king]]" by Warren Mahy
| pronun=
| othernames=Longbeards
| origin=Descendants of [[Durin the Deathless]]
| location=[[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], [[Grey Mountains]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Thorin's Halls]], [[Glittering Caves]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=[[Elves]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]
| members='''[[Durin]]''', [[Thorin]], [[Balin]], [[Dáin Ironfoot]], [[Gimli]] <ref>{{S|2}}</ref>
| lifespan=c. 250 years
| distinctions=Oldest of the Dwarven clans, best relations with [[Elves]],<ref>{{S|2}}</ref>, most wise and farseeing of all kindreds,<ref>{{S|2}}</ref> particularly long-lived<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
'''Durin's Folk''' were the '''Longbeards''' (''[[Sigin-tarâg]]'' in [[Khuzdul]]), one of the seven kindreds of [[Dwarves]] whose leaders were from the [[House of Durin]]. Their first king was named [[Durin]], who was one of the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==History==
===First Age===
In the deeps of time, the Fathers of the Dwarves awoke. Durin the Eldest, who had slept alone at Mount [[Gundabad]]. As he wandered south along the [[Misty Mountains]] he came upon [[Azanulbizar]]. In the caves above [[Kheled-zâram]], he founded the city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], the home of Durin's Folk. Durin lived there so long he became known as Durin the Deathless, yet in the end, he died before the end of the [[First Age]].<ref name="Durin"/>

The Dwarves of Khazad-dûm also colonized the [[Iron Hills]], which became Durin's Folk's primary source of iron-ore.<ref name=relations>{{PM|Relations}}, pp. 302-303</ref> The [[Old Forest Road|Dwarf-road of Mirkwood]] ran north-east to the Hills for the dwarf-traders and merchants between Khazad-dûm and the Hills.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, p. 323 (note 30)</ref> Durin's Folk also considered the [[Grey Mountains]], which lay between these two mansions, to be within their territory.<ref name=relations /> Those lands were harassed by [[Orcs]], but during the [[War of the Jewels]], they were called to [[Beleriand]] as [[Morgoth]] needed all available power, and the lands were left at peace.<ref name=relations />

When [[Men]] first migrated west into [[Rhovanion]] and [[Eriador]], they encountered Durin's Folk. The Longbeards were the wisest and most farseeing of the seven kindreds and began dealing with Men, establishing an economy in which Men chiefly provided food in exchange for Dwarven work in building, road-construction, mining, and the crafting of tools and weapons. The Men looked at the Dwarves with awe and were eager to learn from them. This system benefitted mostly the Dwarves, as the services they provided to Men required less effort than those offered in exchange; so they were free to continue with pursuing their labour and refine their skills.<ref name=relations />

===Second Age===
At the end of the First Age during the [[War of Wrath]] and the breaking of [[Thangorodrim]], the ancient cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the [[Blue Mountains]] had been ruined. In the [[Second Age]], about the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> many Dwarves who lived in these cities left the destruction behind and came to Khazad-dûm, increasing its wealth and power.<ref name="Durin"/> The longbeards controlled [[Erebor]], [[Ered Mithrin]], [[Ered Engrin]], and the eastern side of the [[Misty Mountains]] up to [[Lorien]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}</ref>{{rp|n. 30}}

Around that time also, Morgoth's Orcs, now leaderless and reckless, but still numerous, armed and cruel, returned to the East and started harassing the Dwarven lands again, as well as the more numerous Men who settled between the Grey Mountains and [[Mirkwood]]; those early [[Northmen]] were related to the former [[House of Hador]] far in [[Beleriand]]. Once more, the Dwarves provided the Men with metal weapons and defensive measures in exchange for their skill in taming and riding horses, consisting them scouts and mounted archers. Thus an alliance of Dwarves and Men was formed, resulting in mutual respect and also warm friendship.<ref name=relations /> During this period the Longbeards adopted the speech of Men, keeping their own language to themselves.<ref name=relations />

In {{SA|750|n}}, the [[Noldor]] established a new realm in [[Eregion]]. Being close to Khazad-dûm they established a friendship with Durin's Folk unlike any before between [[Elves]] and [[Dwarves]]. Although both peoples were enriched, eventually the Elves succumbed to the seduction of [[Sauron]] and forged the [[Rings of Power]] (the forging of these Rings began about {{SA|1500|n}} and one was given to [[Durin III]] in Khazad-dûm<ref name="Durin"/>). In {{SA|1693|n}} the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] began. By {{SA|1697|n}}, Eregion was [[Sack of Eregion|destroyed]] and the Dwarves briefly fought the forces of Sauron outside their western gate. This led to the gates of Khazad-dûm being shut.<ref name="SA"/> During the [[Dark Years]] of Sauron's dominion, Durin's Folk remained enclosed in Khazad-dûm, which was unassailable from without. Its wealth remained unravished, but its people began to dwindle,<ref name="SA"/> and communication between it and the Iron Hills was cut off.<ref>{{PM|Relations}}, p. 306</ref>

In the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] in {{SA|3434|n}}, Durin's Folk sent forces to fight alongside the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], and likely through the end of the [[War of the Last Alliance]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Third Age===
During the reign of [[Durin VI]] in the [[Third Age]], the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm delved deeper and deeper for ''[[mithril]]'', which had become increasingly harder to find. In {{TA|1980|n}} however, they accidentally awoke a hidden [[Balrogs|Balrog]] that had fled from the coming of the [[Host of the West]] in the First Age and killed King [[Durin VI]]. Finally in {{TA|1981|n}} his son [[Náin I]] was also killed and all the people of Khazad-dûm were either destroyed or fled far away.<ref name="Durin"/>

Most of Durin's Folk escaped to the north where in {{TA|1999|n}}<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> [[Thráin I]] established a new capital within [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], becoming [[King under the Mountain]]. His son [[Thorin I]] left Erebor in {{TA|2210|n}}<ref name="TA"/> and travelled further north to settle in the Grey Mountains where most of Durin's Folk had gone. For a time they prospered there for the mountains were rich.<ref name="Durin"/>

Unfortunately, there were [[Dragons|dragons]] in the wastes north of the Grey Mountains, and in {{TA|2570|n}} they began [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons|making war]] against the Longbeards. The conflict came to a climax in {{TA|2589|n}} when King [[Dáin I]]<ref name="TA"/> and his second son [[Frór]] were killed by a great [[Cold-drakes|cold-drake]] outside [[Dáin's halls|his halls]].<ref name="Durin"/> Soon after, most of Durin's Folk left the Ered Mithrin with [[Grór]], Dáin's third son, leading many followers to the Iron Hills in {{TA|2590|n}}.<ref name="TA"/>

In the same year, Dáin's first son and heir, [[Thrór]], with his uncle [[Borin]] and the remainder of the departing Longbeards, returned to Erebor. There they prospered, winning the friendship of all Men nearby, and trafficking in ore with their kin in the Iron Hills.<ref name="Durin"/> News of the wealth of Erebor spread and reached the dragons, and in {{TA|2770|n}} [[Smaug]] suddenly descended upon the Mountain, and [[Sack of Erebor|sacked]] it.<ref name="TA"/> Although many Dwarves were killed, many escaped as well. Among them were King Thrór and his family who headed south into a long homeless wandering while most of the surviving Longbeards headed east to the Iron Hills.<ref name="Durin"/>

The followers of Thrór eventually settled in [[Dunland]]<ref name="Durin"/> where in {{TA|2790|n}} Thrór left "to see what I can find."<ref name="TA"/> With a companion, [[Nár]], he came to the east gate of Khazad-dûm and entered as a returning heir. For days Nár waited in hiding outside until Thrór’s body was tossed from the gates by the Orc-chieftain [[Azog]], who told Nár to go warn his kin never to return to Moria. Nár went back to [[Thráin]], Thrór's son to report what had happened. Now King and filled with anger, Thráin II sent word to all the houses of the Dwarves to prepare for war.<ref name="Durin"/>

By {{TA|2793|n}} the Dwarves had mustered a great host. Durin's Folk and large forces from the other Houses were ready to launch a [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs|war of vengeance]].<ref name="TA"/> For six years, From Gundabad to the [[Gladden River|Gladden]], they sacked and assaulted every Orc dwelling they could find. Defeating the [[Orcs]] through strength, matchless weapons, and burning anger.<ref name="Durin"/>

At last on a dark winter day in {{TA|2799|n}} the Dwarf-host came to Azanulbizar<ref name="TA"/> and found a great host of Orcs awaiting them. Undeterred, the Dwarves, led by Thráin II, made their assault, beginning the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]. This final battle too the Dwarves won, but at great cost. In the end, Azog was beheaded and Thrór was avenged, but the Dwarves could not take Khazad-dûm, for within still dwelt Durin's Bane.

With the war over the Dwarves dispersed. [[Dáin Ironfoot]] led his contingent of Longbeards back to the Iron Hills. Thráin II, with [[Thorin]], [[Balin]], [[Glóin]], and others of their following returned to Dunland. Soon though they uprooted and wandered in Eriador until they established themselves in the northern [[Ered Luin]] beyond the [[Lhûn|Lune]]. There they prospered and their numbers slowly grew.<ref name="Durin"/>

Thráin II decided to return to Erebor in {{TA|2841|n}} but as he travelled, he and his companions were pursued by Sauron's servants. One day in {{TA|2845|n}} Thráin was captured and imprisoned in [[Dol Guldur]]. Eventually, in {{TA|2850|n}}, [[Gandalf]] found him and received the key to Erebor, but the last of the [[Seven Rings]] had been taken and Gandalf was unable to rescue the Dwarf.<ref name="TA"/>

King Thorin II Oakenshield and his people continued to labour and traffic in the Ered Luin until one day Thorin sought and found Gandalf to solicit his counsel and aid in dealing with Smaug. Gandalf devised a plan for burglary, employing the service of [[Bilbo Baggins]] of [[the Shire]]. The plan succeeded and Smaug was slain, but in the subsequent [[Battle of Five Armies]] Thorin was killed. However, his cousin Dáin Ironfoot, who led a contingent of Dwarves in the battle, entered Erebor and restored the Kingdom under the Mountain as King Dáin II.<ref name="Durin"/>

Durin's Folk grew strong in Erebor until during the [[War of the Ring]] their realm and that of the [[Kingdom of Dale]] were attacked by Sauron's northern forces. In the [[Battle of Dale]] in {{TA|3019|n}} King Dáin II fell and thereafter the Mountain was besieged. Upon the news of Sauron's downfall, however, the besieged routed the army of Sauron and Dáin's son, [[Thorin Stonehelm]] became the King under the Mountain as Thorin III.<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> Eventually, his descendant, [[Durin VII]], would lead Durin's Folk back to Khazad-dûm .<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

Also after the fall of Sauron, [[Gimli]], the son of Glóin, brought some of Durin's Folk from Erebor south to [[Glittering Caves|Aglarond]] and there established a new Dwarf-realm. Gimli served as the [[Lord of the Glittering Caves]].<ref name="Durin"/>

==Inspiration==
Historically, the term "Longbeards" is the supposed original name of the [[Wikipedia:Lombards|Lombards]], but other than the name, there are no other significant similarities between the Lombards and the Durin's Folk.

{{References}}

{{dwarvenclans}}
{{durinskings}}

[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Longbeards]]

[[de:Durins Volk]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/peuple_de_durin]]
[[fi:Durinin heimo]]

Talk:Dolmed

2019-03-29T01:11:59Z

Avari1: /* dwarves awaken? */ new section

is Dolmed Elvish or Khuzdul? I thougth it was ELvish but I'm not totally sure. --[[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]] 17:53, 13 December 2007 (EST)

:I believe "Dolmed" is [[Doriathrin]] [http://www.uib.no/people/hnohf/doriath.htm], so [[Sindarin]]. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 19:46, 13 December 2007 (EST)

Thanks Hyarion. --[[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]] 23:17, 13 December 2007 (EST)

== destroyed? ==

Where does it say that the Gulf of Lune passed through it?? [[User:Sage|Sage]] 04:12, 12 August 2008 (EDT)

== dwarves awaken? ==

Where is it said that two fathers of dwarves awoke here?--[[User:Avari1|Avari1]] 01:11, 29 March 2019 (UTC)

Lindon

2019-03-29T00:54:39Z

Avari1: /* The Third Age: Rule of Círdan */

{{expansion}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Lindon.jpg|250px]]
| name=Lindon
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=West of the [[Blue Mountains]]
| capital=
| towns=[[Mithlond]], [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]]
| regions=[[Forlindon|North]] and [[Harlindon|South]]
| population=[[Elves of Lindon]] [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Khuzdul]], [[Westron]]
| govern1=[[Gil-galad]]
| govern2=[[Círdan]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=[[Ossiriand]]
| event1=Established
| event1date={{SA|1}}
| event2=
| event2date=
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
{{quote|...the last whose realm was fair and free between the Mountains and the Sea.|''[[The Fall of Gil-galad]]''}}
'''Lindon''' was a region of the [[Westlands]]. Initially populated by [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]], in the following Ages it became an important Elvish realm, known for its harbors and Elven [[Ships]] that would sail for the [[Aman|West]].

==Geography==
Lindon was a name of [[Ossiriand]], a region west of the [[Blue Mountains]], in Eastern [[Beleriand]]. After the deluge of Beleriand in the [[War of Wrath]], Lindon became the westernmost land of the continent of [[Middle-earth]]. The [[Gulf of Lune]] broke into Lindon and the Blue Mountains and divided the realm into ''[[Forlindon]]'' (North Lindon) and ''[[Harlindon]]'' (South Lindon). The eastern border of Lindon was the [[Lune]], beyond which was [[Arnor]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

==History==
===The First Age===
{{main|Ossiriand}}
The name Lindon was first used by the exiled Noldor for the region of [[Ossiriand]].<ref>{{S|14}}</ref>

Lindon was the only part of Beleriand that survived the [[War of Wrath]], the rest of the land having been broken or submerged by the tumults.<ref name=PMII78>{{PM|II}}, p. 78</ref> However, [[Belegaer]] the Great Sea broke through the mountain chain, creating the [[Gulf of Lhûn]].

Many of the surviving [[Elves]] of drowned Beleriand, especially the exiled Noldor, relocated to Lindon by the beginning of the [[Second Age]], where they were ruled by [[Gil-galad]].<ref name=PMII78/>
===The Second Age: Kingdom of Gil-galad===
[[File:Liz Danforth - Elves of Lindon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Elves of Lindon'']]
[[Gil-galad]] founded the '''''Kingdom of Lindon''''' in {{SA|1}} ruling over the Noldor and Sindar and all the [[Elves of Lindon]] alike. They also built the Havens ([[Mithlond]], and also likely [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]] and [[Forlond]])<ref name=app>{{App|SA}}</ref> and many Elves left from there to [[Valinor]].

The [[Noldor]] mainly dwelt in Forlindon, and the Sindar (and surviving Green-elves{{fact}}) in Harlindon (a fief under the rule of [[Celeborn]]).<ref>{{PM|X}}, p. 328 (Note 65)</ref><ref>{{UT|6}}, (Introduction & Note 2)</ref> Presumably the surviving [[Edain]] also stayed for some time alongside the [[Elves of Lindon]], until they left for [[Elenna]] ({{SA|32}}). But there was some tension between the Elves; some of the Sindar did not wish to live under Gil-galad alongside the Noldor, and went to the [[Silvan Elves]] in the east, who were their [[Teleri]]n kin.<ref>{{UT|6b}}</ref> Some Noldor also left to found [[Eregion]] ({{SA|700}}), the second of the two Noldorin realms.

In {{SA|600}} [[Entulessë]], a ship from [[Númenor]] arrived in Mithlond where Gil-galad welcomed the [[Númenóreans]], before reestablishing contact with their [[Mannish]] kin, the [[Middle Men]].<ref>{{App|B1}}, entry "600"</ref><ref>{{UT|Island}}</ref>

During the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], [[Sauron]] had overrun [[Eriador]]. The Elves called that time [[Dark Years|Days of Flight]] as many fled to Lindon where Sauron could not enter, and thence over the [[Sea]] to the [[Uttermost West]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> Eventually [[Tar-Minastir]] sent ships to Lindon, responding to Gil-galad's plea. The combined army of Elves and Númenóreans drove Sauron's forces out of Eriador.<ref name=app/> The War and the establishment of [[Imladris]] diminished the realm of Lindon and didn't extend beyond the Blue Mountains any more.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #75</ref>

In the tumult following the [[Downfall of Númenor]], Lindon suffered great loss as "''the sea rode in upon the land''", and therefore had shrunk when the Third Age began.<ref>{{PM|VI}}, p. 183</ref>

===The Third Age: Rule of Círdan===
After the War of the Last Alliance, most of the Ñoldor finally departed for [[Valinor]], and Lindon became depopulated, now ruled by Gil-galad's lieutenant, the [[Sindar]]in elf [[Círdan]] the Shipwright, who kept building ships for the departing Elves.

During the days of Kings, most of the [[High Elves]] that still lingered in [[Middle-earth]] were found in Lindon. Some Dwarves had dwelt in the eastern side of the Ered Luin, such as at [[Thorin's Halls]], especially the part south of the Gulf.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> Men did not go to Lindon.<ref name=eriador/>

Aside from Elves, [[Gandalf]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Frodo Baggins]] also went to Valinor from the Grey Havens, and a family tradition held that [[Samwise Gamgee]], having been himself a [[Ring-bearer]], albeit briefly, did likewise, in the year {{FoA|61}}.

In the [[Fourth Age]], few Elves remained, if any at all.<ref name=eriador/>

The [[Last Ship]], carrying [[Cirdan]] and [[Celeborn]],<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> apparently sailed before {{FoA|120}} based on [[Aragorn]]'s final words to [[Arwen]]. Aragorn suggests Arwen might still sail into the West, and one of the reasons she gives that this is impossible is that "There is now no ship that would bear me hence...".<ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref> This implies that the Last Ship had already sailed by {{FoA|120}}, the year in which this conversation took place.<ref name=AppTale/>

==Names and Etymology==

In a post-[[Lord of the Rings|LotR]] writing, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] says that the name ''Lindon'' was coined by the Green-elves, derived from [[Nandorin]](?) *''Lindānā''. The Sindar called the country ''Dor Lindon'' and the Noldor ''Lindóne'' (or ''Lindónë''<ref>{{HM|IX}}</ref>) but both also adopted the name ''Lindon''.<ref name=WJC>{{WJ|C}}, p. 385</ref>

The name Lindon contains the element ''lin-'' "sing, song" as also seen in [[Lindar]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}</ref> ''Lindon'' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈlindon]}}) means "land of music",<ref>{{S|14}}</ref>

The translation "Land of the singers", conceived to be a name in the [[Nandorin|Ossiriandic]] tongue, has been suggested by [[David Salo]], [[Arden R. Smith|Arden Smith]], [[Patrick H. Wynne|Patrick Wynne]], et al. in their linguistic contribution to ''[[Arnor: The Land]]''

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
In early versions of the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Appendices]]'', Gil-galad is said to have founded Lindon in {{SA}} 10.<ref>{{PM|VI}}, pp. 168, 173</ref>

==Portrayals in Adaptations==

''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:A [[Lindon (MERP)|supplement on Lindon]] was never released by [[Iron Crown Enterprises|ICE]], although there were such plans,<ref>{{ICE|8014}}, p. 15</ref> and Jeff J. Erwin and Oliver Schick were commissioned to write supplements on Lindon and Mithlond, respectively (both supplements were nearly finished at the time ICE lost their license from [[Middle-earth Enterprises|Tolkien Enterprises]]).<ref>Oliver Schick, Mailing list message of 9 Oct 2007, at [http://games.groups.yahoo.com/group/fan-modules/?v=1&t=directory&ch=web&pub=groups&sec=dir&slk=3 Yahoo groups Fan modules]</ref> However, scattered information on Lindon and its prominent individuals can be found in several supplements.<ref>{{ICE|8014}}, pp. 3-4, 10-11, 14-15</ref><ref>{{ICE|4002}}, pp. 16, 44-46</ref><ref>{{ICE|2022}}, pp. 61, 148</ref><ref>{{ICE|2023}}, pp. 68-69</ref>

==See also==

*[[Elves of Lindon]]

==External links==

*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/09/26/why-did-the-sindar-leave-lindon/ Why Did the Sindar Leave Lindon?] by [[Michael Martinez]]

{{references}}
{{Remnants}}
[[Category:Lindon| Lindon]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]

[[de:Lindon]]
[[fi:Lindon]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/lindon]]

Elves of Lindon

2019-03-29T00:52:39Z

Avari1:

{{people infobox
| name=Elves of Lindon
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Elves of Lindon.jpg|250px]]
| caption=''Elves of Lindon'' by [[Liz Danforth]]
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Eldar]] of [[Lindon]]
| origin=Survivors of the destruction of [[Beleriand]] in the [[War of Wrath]]
| location=[[Lindon]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance]]
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]
| language=[[Nandorin]], [[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Cirdan]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Celeborn]], [[Oropher]], [[Elrond]] ([[half-elven]]), [[Galdor of the Havens]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Elves of Lindon''' were those [[Elves]] who dwelt in [[Lindon]] in the west of [[Middle-earth]], between the [[Blue Mountains]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]], in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.
==Population==
The original Elves of Lindon ([[Ossiriand]]) in the [[First Age]], were [[Laiquendi]], but were joined by other Elves of the former [[Beleriand]] ([[Noldor]] and [[Sindar]]) who survived the [[War of Wrath]] and did not accept the invitation of the [[Valar]] to sail to [[Aman]].<ref name=princes>{{UT|6b}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> The Elves of [[Harlindon]] were mostly Sindar, ruled by [[Celeborn]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, Note 2</ref>

Early in the Second Age, some of the Sindar were uneasy living among the Noldor under Gil-galad and left for the east or the south.<ref name=princes/>

In the [[Third Age]], the Elves of Lindon consisted most of the [[High-elves]] that still lingered in [[Middle-earth]]. Few remained in the [[Fourth Age]], if at all.<ref name=eriador/>
==History==
The Elves built the [[Grey Havens]] in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] whence the [[Eldar]] could sail the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings/> Although many Sindar left Lindon<ref name=princes/> the Elves reached the height of their power in the Second Age under King [[Gil-galad]].

A fair being calling himself [[Annatar]], emissary of the Valar, came seeking entrance. Gil-galad and Master [[Elrond]] sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him. Messengers were sent from Lindon with warnings; but they were unheeded, and Annatar was received gladly, mostly in [[Eregion]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> However Gil-galad and Elrond were proven correct, as Annatar was indeed [[Sauron]] and later [[War of the Elves and Sauron|a massive war began]]. Elrond came out of Lindon with Elves in [[Sack of Eregion|battle to defend Eregion]]. With them, and other Elves who fled the destruction of [[Eregion]], he established [[Imladris]] in {{SA|1697}}.<ref name=SA/> After those events, the Elf-realm of Lindon was diminished and didn't extend east of the Blue Mountains anymore.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note #75</ref>

In the [[Dark Years]] [[Sauron]] had conquered most of the [[Westlands]], but in {{SA|1700}} [[Tar-Minastir]] sent a fleet to Lindon, aiding the Elves to drive Sauron out of Eriador.<ref name=SA/><ref name=rings/> Sauron's army was driven back to [[Sarn Ford]] where they were defeated and withdrew to [[Tharbad]].<ref name="Concerning">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

At the end of the Age, Gil-galad joined the [[Last Alliance]] and led his armies to the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Some of the [[Silvan Elves]] felt hostility towards the Noldor, and those under [[Oropher]] and [[Amdir]] attacked independently, suffering heavy losses.<ref name=princes/>
===After Gil-galad===

After the War and the death of Gil-galad, [[Cirdan]] remained the only Lord of the Havens. During the [[Third Age]], the Elves of Lindon under [[Cirdan]] supported [[Arnor]] in the [[Angmar War]]. They assisted [[Arveleg]] and the men of [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with Círdan’s help, Arveleg's young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador/>
[[File:Angelo Montanini - Northern Waste.jpg|thumb|left|Angelo Montanini - ''Northern Waste'']]
In {{TA|1975}}, Elven sailors from Lindon brought a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue the lost king [[Arvedui]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The next year the elves joined with the [[Dúnedain]] in the victorious [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

For the course of the Third Age, the Elves of Lindon built ships for the Elves who wished to return to the Blessed Realm and they didn't seem to participate in greater events. During the [[War of the Ring]] [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was sent to [[Rivendell]] for an errand, and incidentally he represented Cirdan in the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

The [[Last Ship]], carrying [[Cirdan]] and [[Celeborn]],<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> apparently sailed before {{FoA|120}} based on [[Aragorn]]'s final words to [[Arwen]]. Aragorn suggests Arwen might still sail into the West, and one of the reasons she gives that this is impossible is that "There is now no ship that would bear me hence...".<ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref> This implies that the Last Ship had already sailed by {{FoA|120}}, the year in which this conversation took place.<ref name=AppTale/>

{{references}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]

Grey Havens

2019-03-29T00:48:21Z

Avari1: /* History */

{{location infobox
| name=Grey Havens
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - At the Grey Havens.jpg|250px]]
| caption="At the Grey Havens" by [[Jef Murray]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Mithlond
| location=Western [[Eriador]] on the [[Gulf of Lune]]
| type=Port
| description=An important coastal port, at the mouth of the Lhûn river
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Elves of Lindon]]
| created={{SA|1}}<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref>
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Mithlond.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
The '''Grey Havens''', also known as '''Mithlond''', was a seaport on the [[Gulf of Lune]] at the mouth of the River [[Lhûn]] in western [[Eriador]].<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref>

== History ==
Founded by the [[Elves of Lindon]] in {{SA|1}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Grey Havens were afterwards used by any of the Elves (whether [[Noldor]], [[Sindar]], or [[Silvan Elves|Silvan Elf]]) to leave Middle-earth for [[Valinor]]. [[Círdan]] was Lord of the Havens, but throughout the Second Age [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]], ruled all of [[Lindon]] from the Grey Havens.<ref name="SA"/>

In {{SA|600}}, ''[[Entulessë]]'', a [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ship headed by [[Captain of the King's Ships|Captain]] [[Vëantur]], arrived in Mithlond. It was the first time the Númenóreans landed in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="B1">{{App|B1}}, entry "600"</ref><ref name="Island">{{UT|Island}}</ref>

About {{TA|1000}} the [[Istari]] or Wizards arrived in [[Middle-earth]] at the Grey Havens. Círdan, upon meeting [[Gandalf]], gave him [[Narya]], the Elven Ring of Fire.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

In {{TA|1975}}, Prince [[Eärnur]] of [[Gondor]] brought a Gondorian fleet to the Grey Havens to aid [[Arthedain]] [[Angmar War|against]] [[Angmar]]. The fleet was so massive that the ships of Gondor filled the Grey Havens, as well as [[Forlond]] and [[Harlond]].<ref name="AppA">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

In {{TA|3018}},<ref name="TA"/> Círdan sent [[Galdor of the Havens]] "on an errand" to [[Rivendell]] and he became Círdan's representative at the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

Following the defeat of [[Sauron]] and the crowning of King [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]] in the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gandalf]], [[Elrond]], and [[Galadriel]] left [[Middle-earth]] for [[Valinor]] from the Grey Havens. The [[Last Riding of the Keepers]] was accompanied by [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Frodo Baggins]], who were given the honor of taking the [[Straight Road]] because they had both been a [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]].<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> Years later [[Fairbairn Family|Fairbairn]] family tradition held that [[Samwise Gamgee]] in {{FoA|61}} also sailed [[Aman|West]] from the Grey Havens because he too had been a Ring-bearer, even if just briefly.<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>.

The [[Last Ship]], carrying [[Cirdan]] and [[Celeborn]],<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> apparently sailed before {{FoA|120}} based on [[Aragorn]]'s final words to [[Arwen]]. Aragorn suggests Arwen might still sail into the West, and one of the reasons she gives that this is impossible is that "There is now no ship that would bear me hence...".<ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref> This implies that the Last Ship had already sailed by {{FoA|120}}, the year in which this conversation took place.<ref name=AppTale/>

== Etymology ==
''Mithlond'' translates as "Grey Havens" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[mith]]'' "grey" and ''[[lond]]'' "harbour").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 28</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Grey Havens|Images of Grey Havens]]

== External Links ==
* [http://www.lotrlibrary.com/agesofarda/beyondgreyhavens.asp Beyond the Grey Havens], an essay on the end of ''[[The Return of the King]]''

{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Harbours]]
[[Category:Lindon]]
[[de:Graue Anfurten]]
[[fi:Harmaat Satamat]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/lindon/havres_gris]]

Celeborn

2019-03-29T00:45:44Z

Avari1: /* After the War of the Ring */

{{cleanup}}{{sources}}
{{disambig-two|the Lord of Lórien|the Tree|[[Celeborn (White Tree)]]}}
{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Ebe Kastein - Celeborn.jpg|250px]]
| name=Celeborn
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Telerin|T.]] ''[[Teleporno]]''
| titles=Lord of [[Lothlórien|Lórien]]
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]] [[Lindon]] [[Eregion]] [[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=[[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth=Uncertain, see [[#Controversy|below]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| sailedwest=Before {{FoA|120}}<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref>
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=A member of the royal house of [[Doriath]]
| parentage=[[Galadhon]]
| siblings=[[Galathil]]
| spouse=[[Galadriel]]
| children=[[Celebrían]], ([[Amroth]]<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>, earlier version)
| gender=Male
| height=c. 6 feet 4 inches (193cm)<ref group="note">In the chapter "[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]", the heights of Galadriel and Celeborn are described: "Very tall they were, and the Lady no less tall than the Lord". Galadriel's height of 6'4'' comes from "Appendix: Númenórean Linear Measures" to "[[The Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]" in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''.</ref>
| hair=Silver, long<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Celeborn''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "silver-tall", pron. {{IPA|[ˈkeleborn]}}) was a noble [[Elves|Elf]] - a member of the [[Sindar]]<ref name=appb/><ref name=rgeo/> - who wedded [[Galadriel]] of the [[Noldor]]. After crossing the Blue Mountains at the beginning of the Second Age and living in the realm of [[Eregion]] for a while, he and Galadriel moved to [[Lothlórien]] to become the [[Lord of Lórien|Lord and Lady of Lórien]]. His daughter [[Celebrían]] married [[Elrond]] Half-elven whose daughter [[Arwen]] chose a mortal life to wed [[Aragorn]].

==History==
===Early life===
Celeborn was a [[Sindar|Sindarin]] prince from [[Doriath]],<ref name="Sil-13">{{S|13}}</ref> being the grandson of [[Elmo]] the brother of [[Thingol|Elwe/Thingol]], and thus he was the grand-nephew of the [[King of Doriath]].<ref name="GC"/>

{{seealso|#Telerin descent}}

[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|left|thumb|Līga Kļaviņa - ''Love at First Sight'']]
In the early [[Years of the Sun]] [[Finrod]] and [[Galadriel]] came to Doriath as guests of Elu Thingol. There Celeborn and Galadriel met, fell in love and were wedded. Galadriel remained in Doriath with Celeborn after [[Finrod]] went to the [[Caverns of Narog]] to establish the stronghold of [[Nargothrond]]. <ref name="Sil-13"/>

For the rest of the [[First Age]] Celeborn and Galadriel are not mentioned to have played any significant role in the general course of events of the Age, while their relatives, both Sindarin and Noldorin did. The only thing that can be said for sure, is that the couple survived the [[Wars of Beleriand]], including the [[Second Kinslaying]] by the [[Sons of Feanor]]<ref>{{S|24}}</ref>. They may have escaped to the [[Havens of Sirion|Havens]] or the [[Isle of Balar]].

===Second Age===
After the [[War of wrath|fall of Beleriand]], Celeborn and Galadriel came to [[Lindon]] the coastal region west of the Blue Mountains. Celeborn ruled the fief of [[Harlindon]], which was composed mostly of Sindar, under the [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]].<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref> They eventually came to [[Eregion]] where they dwelt for a time with [[Celebrimbor]] and the jewelsmiths of [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]. After Celebrimbor had largely taken over, they made contact with the [[Nandor]] of Lindórinand, across the [[Hithaeglir]]. Not long after they went through [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] to live there, becoming great among its people.

It is said that Celeborn fought in the [[Sack of Eregion]], and he and [[Elrond]] narrowly escaped to a dell, where the latter founded [[Rivendell]].<ref name="GC"/>

After the Sack of Eregion, Celeborn and Galadriel came to Lindórinand, the land of [[Silvan Elves]] which was ruled by King [[Amdir]]. When Amdir died in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], his son [[Amroth]] succeeded him.

===Third Age===
In early Third Age Amroth was weary of Middle-earth and wished to sail to the [[Valinor|West]]. He departed to [[Edhellond]] and by the year {{TA|1981}}, King Amroth drowned in the Bay of Belfalas. Celeborn and Galadriel took the title [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim|Lord and Lady]] of Lothlórien, the new name for Lindórinand and together they built [[Caras Galadhon]].

Celeborn and Galadriel had a daughter named [[Celebrían]],<ref group=note>Celebrían's exact date and place of birth are not specified.</ref> who later married [[Elrond]] Half-elven of [[Rivendell]], thus making Celeborn and his wife Galadriel the grandparents of the twins [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] and their younger sister [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]].
[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Swan-Boat of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|left|Rowena Morrill - ''The Swan-Boat of Galadriel'']]
In response to the growing threat of [[Dol Guldur]], the [[White Council]] was formed in {{TA|2463}}. Galadriel was on it; it is likely that Celeborn was also a member.

During the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3019}}, Lórien received the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], composed of various travelers on the [[Quest of the Ring|quest]] to destroy [[the One Ring]]. He offered advice, and boats for the [[Anduin]], speeding them on their way.

Celeborn's most significant recorded actions came in the same year (in March 3019), when he repulsed three attacks by [[orcs]] of [[Dol Guldur]]. Celeborn then marshalled his forces to cross the Anduin and [[Fall of Dol Guldur|lay siege to Dol Guldur]]. He captured the fortress, and Galadriel threw down its walls and purified it.

===After the War of the Ring===
Celeborn attended the wedding of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] and his granddaughter [[Arwen]], and on the journey to return bade a fond farewell to [[Treebeard]] as well.

{{quote|I do not think we shall meet again." "I do not know, Eldest.|[[Treebeard]] and Celeborn, ''[[Many Partings]]''}}.

Celeborn returned to Lothlórien, but the power of [[Nenya]] was broken. It no longer was filled with the light and life it had before. It is believed that [[Celeborn]] also relocated to Rivendell to reside with [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] after the departure of [[Galadriel]] and having also grown weary of [[East Lórien]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref>{{App|Great}}</ref>

By {{FoA|120}}, he sought the [[Grey Havens]] and sailed west aboard [[Last Ship]] with [[Cirdan the Shipwright]], but when he did so, he took with him the last memory of the Elder Days in Middle-earth.<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>

==Character==
What can be gleaned of his personality is that he was quick-thinking and swift to act, one of the wisest elves of Middle-earth in the Third Age. He was a warrior too, leading his followers into battle against [[Dol Guldur]] and other menaces.

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
Up to the time when ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' was published, there had been no mention of Celeborn in the previously written legendarium. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] later attempted multiple times to fix upon the story behind such an important elf. He remains a fairly unsubstantial character in the legendarium, for despite his profound effect upon the doings of the Elder Days, there is very little direct information on him as a person.

In his first writings (which make up the bulk of the matter of Celeborn)and the works published during Tolkien's lifetime, the elf-lord is portrayed as a kinsman of Thingol and one of the Sindar,<ref name=appb>{{App|B1}}</ref><ref name=rgeo>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref> and met Galadriel when she came with the Noldor into exile. In a brief, speculative paper written by Tolkien included in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', Celeborn is made Thingol’s grandnephew, by the King’s brother [[Elmo]], who is also linked to Círdan. Elmo appears nowhere else in the legendarium.

===Telerin descent===
According to an alternate history of Celeborn and Galadriel in [[Unfinished Tales]], Celeborn was a [[Teler]] of noble rank in [[Alqualondë]], born '''[[Teleporno]]'''<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 347, 364 (note 46)</ref>, grandson of [[Olwë]], King of the [[Falmari]] (so that he still was a kinsman of the king Thingol back in Beleriand).<ref name="GC">{{UT|6}}</ref>

[[Galadriel|Artanis]], Olwë's granddaughter and a [[Noldor]]in princess of great beauty, often spent long visits to Alqualondë and her mother’s kin. During this time the two fell in love, and Teleporno gave her the romantic epithet ''[[Alatáriel]]'', meaning "Maiden Crowned with Radiant Garland".<ref name="Shib">{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref> Teleporno's name gained an additional [[Quenya]] form, '''[[Telporno]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[telˈporno]}}).

Later, Teleporno and Artanis helped to defend Alqualondë from the Noldor during the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|First Kinslaying]]. Nevertheless, Artanis’s heart was fired by the stories of [[Fëanor]] of the open lands across the [[Belegaer|sea]]. She urged Teleporno to take a ship eastward to [[Endor]], and he gave in. In doing so the two fell under the [[Ban of the Valar]].

In Beleriand, Teleporno and Artanis were greeted by [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], High King of the [[Sindar]] and Lord of [[Doriath]]. Teleporno eventually "[[Sindarization|Sindarized]]" his name to Celeborn; Artanis Sindarinized the epithet Celeborn had given her, and Alatáriel became Galadriel.
===Controversy===
Celeborn as a Telerin prince seems a late development. This altered origin was not adopted into the published ''[[Silmarillion]]'', primarily because it contradicted published [[canon]], and was not incorporated in Tolkien's drafts of the earlier parts, and therefore would have necessitated a major rewrite by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and [[Guy Gavriel Kay]] to account for a separate departure of Galadriel.

{{quote|On the other hand, the making of Celeborn into a Telerin Elf of Aman contradicts not only statements in The Silmarillion, but also those cited already from The Road Goes Ever On and Appendix B to The Lord of the Rings”|[[Christopher Tolkien]], [[Unfinished Tales]]}}

It's unknown whether Tolkien would have revised the story or would have felt bound by published writings.

His Telerin ancestry would have made the couple first or second cousin. In the [[Morgoth's Ring]] it is stated that the first cousins might marry, but seldom did so, or desired to do so.<ref>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Celeborn.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Celeborn'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of ''[[celeb]]'' ("silver") + a derivative of ''[[ornā]]'' ("tall"). ''Teleporno'', his original [[Telerin]] name, has an identical meaning. The name Teleporno was "Sindarized" as ''Celeborn'': [[Telerin]] ''[[telepi|telpe]]'' ("silver") (Quenya ''[[telpe|tyelpe]]'') was transformed to Sindarin ''celeb''.<ref>{{UT|6e}}</ref>

He was given the epithet "the Wise" by Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Celeborn in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:Angus McBride - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in ''[[Middle-earth: The Wizards]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Celeborn 2.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
}}

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Celeborn only has a brief, role and speaks only one line. He appeared beside [[Galadriel]] for a brief shot.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'''''
:Celeborn was voiced by [[Simon Cadell]]. Unusually, virtually the whole dialogue Celeborn speaks in the book is utilised in the radio adaptation.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Celeborn is played by [[Marton Csokas]]. The role was extremely small in the theatrical version, but expanded slightly in the Extended Edition of ''The Fellowship of the Ring''. In that version, he participates in giving gifts to the Fellowship as they are leaving Lórien. Notably, he gives [[Aragorn]] a dagger and warns him of the dangers the Fellowship will face while sailing down the [[Anduin]].

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Celeborn makes a brief appearance in Lothlorien.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Celeborn leaves for Valinor with Galadriel and the other Ringbearers, rather than remaining behind as in the book.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Celeborn only appears during the "Evil" campaign, when is he is slain by the Forces of Sauron.

'''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Celeborn can be found alongside Galadriel on a main talan in [[Caras Galadhon]]. He is involved in various storylines, including negotiations with the Dwarves of the Iron Hill Garrison and organization of a military assault against [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]].

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Celeborn|Images of Celeborn]]

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Falmari]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Celeborn (Elb)]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:celeborn]]
[[fi:Celeborn]]

Celeborn

2019-03-29T00:43:36Z

Avari1: /* After the War of the Ring */

{{cleanup}}{{sources}}
{{disambig-two|the Lord of Lórien|the Tree|[[Celeborn (White Tree)]]}}
{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Ebe Kastein - Celeborn.jpg|250px]]
| name=Celeborn
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Telerin|T.]] ''[[Teleporno]]''
| titles=Lord of [[Lothlórien|Lórien]]
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]] [[Lindon]] [[Eregion]] [[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=[[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth=Uncertain, see [[#Controversy|below]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| sailedwest=Before {{FoA|120}}<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref>
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=A member of the royal house of [[Doriath]]
| parentage=[[Galadhon]]
| siblings=[[Galathil]]
| spouse=[[Galadriel]]
| children=[[Celebrían]], ([[Amroth]]<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>, earlier version)
| gender=Male
| height=c. 6 feet 4 inches (193cm)<ref group="note">In the chapter "[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]", the heights of Galadriel and Celeborn are described: "Very tall they were, and the Lady no less tall than the Lord". Galadriel's height of 6'4'' comes from "Appendix: Númenórean Linear Measures" to "[[The Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]" in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''.</ref>
| hair=Silver, long<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Celeborn''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "silver-tall", pron. {{IPA|[ˈkeleborn]}}) was a noble [[Elves|Elf]] - a member of the [[Sindar]]<ref name=appb/><ref name=rgeo/> - who wedded [[Galadriel]] of the [[Noldor]]. After crossing the Blue Mountains at the beginning of the Second Age and living in the realm of [[Eregion]] for a while, he and Galadriel moved to [[Lothlórien]] to become the [[Lord of Lórien|Lord and Lady of Lórien]]. His daughter [[Celebrían]] married [[Elrond]] Half-elven whose daughter [[Arwen]] chose a mortal life to wed [[Aragorn]].

==History==
===Early life===
Celeborn was a [[Sindar|Sindarin]] prince from [[Doriath]],<ref name="Sil-13">{{S|13}}</ref> being the grandson of [[Elmo]] the brother of [[Thingol|Elwe/Thingol]], and thus he was the grand-nephew of the [[King of Doriath]].<ref name="GC"/>

{{seealso|#Telerin descent}}

[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|left|thumb|Līga Kļaviņa - ''Love at First Sight'']]
In the early [[Years of the Sun]] [[Finrod]] and [[Galadriel]] came to Doriath as guests of Elu Thingol. There Celeborn and Galadriel met, fell in love and were wedded. Galadriel remained in Doriath with Celeborn after [[Finrod]] went to the [[Caverns of Narog]] to establish the stronghold of [[Nargothrond]]. <ref name="Sil-13"/>

For the rest of the [[First Age]] Celeborn and Galadriel are not mentioned to have played any significant role in the general course of events of the Age, while their relatives, both Sindarin and Noldorin did. The only thing that can be said for sure, is that the couple survived the [[Wars of Beleriand]], including the [[Second Kinslaying]] by the [[Sons of Feanor]]<ref>{{S|24}}</ref>. They may have escaped to the [[Havens of Sirion|Havens]] or the [[Isle of Balar]].

===Second Age===
After the [[War of wrath|fall of Beleriand]], Celeborn and Galadriel came to [[Lindon]] the coastal region west of the Blue Mountains. Celeborn ruled the fief of [[Harlindon]], which was composed mostly of Sindar, under the [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]].<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref> They eventually came to [[Eregion]] where they dwelt for a time with [[Celebrimbor]] and the jewelsmiths of [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]. After Celebrimbor had largely taken over, they made contact with the [[Nandor]] of Lindórinand, across the [[Hithaeglir]]. Not long after they went through [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] to live there, becoming great among its people.

It is said that Celeborn fought in the [[Sack of Eregion]], and he and [[Elrond]] narrowly escaped to a dell, where the latter founded [[Rivendell]].<ref name="GC"/>

After the Sack of Eregion, Celeborn and Galadriel came to Lindórinand, the land of [[Silvan Elves]] which was ruled by King [[Amdir]]. When Amdir died in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], his son [[Amroth]] succeeded him.

===Third Age===
In early Third Age Amroth was weary of Middle-earth and wished to sail to the [[Valinor|West]]. He departed to [[Edhellond]] and by the year {{TA|1981}}, King Amroth drowned in the Bay of Belfalas. Celeborn and Galadriel took the title [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim|Lord and Lady]] of Lothlórien, the new name for Lindórinand and together they built [[Caras Galadhon]].

Celeborn and Galadriel had a daughter named [[Celebrían]],<ref group=note>Celebrían's exact date and place of birth are not specified.</ref> who later married [[Elrond]] Half-elven of [[Rivendell]], thus making Celeborn and his wife Galadriel the grandparents of the twins [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] and their younger sister [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]].
[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Swan-Boat of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|left|Rowena Morrill - ''The Swan-Boat of Galadriel'']]
In response to the growing threat of [[Dol Guldur]], the [[White Council]] was formed in {{TA|2463}}. Galadriel was on it; it is likely that Celeborn was also a member.

During the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3019}}, Lórien received the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], composed of various travelers on the [[Quest of the Ring|quest]] to destroy [[the One Ring]]. He offered advice, and boats for the [[Anduin]], speeding them on their way.

Celeborn's most significant recorded actions came in the same year (in March 3019), when he repulsed three attacks by [[orcs]] of [[Dol Guldur]]. Celeborn then marshalled his forces to cross the Anduin and [[Fall of Dol Guldur|lay siege to Dol Guldur]]. He captured the fortress, and Galadriel threw down its walls and purified it.

===After the War of the Ring===
Celeborn attended the wedding of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] and his granddaughter [[Arwen]], and on the journey to return bade a fond farewell to [[Treebeard]] as well.

{{quote|I do not think we shall meet again." "I do not know, Eldest.|[[Treebeard]] and Celeborn, ''[[Many Partings]]''}}.

Celeborn returned to Lothlórien, but the power of [[Nenya]] was broken. It no longer was filled with the light and life it had before. It is believed that [[Celeborn]] also relocated to Rivendell to reside with [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] after the departure of [[Galadriel]] and having also grown weary of [[East Lórien]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref>{{App|Great}}</ref>

By {{FoA|120}}, he sought the [[Grey Havens]] and sailed west aboard [[Last Ship]] with [[Cirdan the Shipwright]], but when he did so, he took with him the last memory of the Elder Days in Middle-earth.<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>[[#References|7]]

==Character==
What can be gleaned of his personality is that he was quick-thinking and swift to act, one of the wisest elves of Middle-earth in the Third Age. He was a warrior too, leading his followers into battle against [[Dol Guldur]] and other menaces.

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
Up to the time when ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' was published, there had been no mention of Celeborn in the previously written legendarium. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] later attempted multiple times to fix upon the story behind such an important elf. He remains a fairly unsubstantial character in the legendarium, for despite his profound effect upon the doings of the Elder Days, there is very little direct information on him as a person.

In his first writings (which make up the bulk of the matter of Celeborn)and the works published during Tolkien's lifetime, the elf-lord is portrayed as a kinsman of Thingol and one of the Sindar,<ref name=appb>{{App|B1}}</ref><ref name=rgeo>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref> and met Galadriel when she came with the Noldor into exile. In a brief, speculative paper written by Tolkien included in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', Celeborn is made Thingol’s grandnephew, by the King’s brother [[Elmo]], who is also linked to Círdan. Elmo appears nowhere else in the legendarium.

===Telerin descent===
According to an alternate history of Celeborn and Galadriel in [[Unfinished Tales]], Celeborn was a [[Teler]] of noble rank in [[Alqualondë]], born '''[[Teleporno]]'''<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 347, 364 (note 46)</ref>, grandson of [[Olwë]], King of the [[Falmari]] (so that he still was a kinsman of the king Thingol back in Beleriand).<ref name="GC">{{UT|6}}</ref>

[[Galadriel|Artanis]], Olwë's granddaughter and a [[Noldor]]in princess of great beauty, often spent long visits to Alqualondë and her mother’s kin. During this time the two fell in love, and Teleporno gave her the romantic epithet ''[[Alatáriel]]'', meaning "Maiden Crowned with Radiant Garland".<ref name="Shib">{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref> Teleporno's name gained an additional [[Quenya]] form, '''[[Telporno]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[telˈporno]}}).

Later, Teleporno and Artanis helped to defend Alqualondë from the Noldor during the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|First Kinslaying]]. Nevertheless, Artanis’s heart was fired by the stories of [[Fëanor]] of the open lands across the [[Belegaer|sea]]. She urged Teleporno to take a ship eastward to [[Endor]], and he gave in. In doing so the two fell under the [[Ban of the Valar]].

In Beleriand, Teleporno and Artanis were greeted by [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], High King of the [[Sindar]] and Lord of [[Doriath]]. Teleporno eventually "[[Sindarization|Sindarized]]" his name to Celeborn; Artanis Sindarinized the epithet Celeborn had given her, and Alatáriel became Galadriel.
===Controversy===
Celeborn as a Telerin prince seems a late development. This altered origin was not adopted into the published ''[[Silmarillion]]'', primarily because it contradicted published [[canon]], and was not incorporated in Tolkien's drafts of the earlier parts, and therefore would have necessitated a major rewrite by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and [[Guy Gavriel Kay]] to account for a separate departure of Galadriel.

{{quote|On the other hand, the making of Celeborn into a Telerin Elf of Aman contradicts not only statements in The Silmarillion, but also those cited already from The Road Goes Ever On and Appendix B to The Lord of the Rings”|[[Christopher Tolkien]], [[Unfinished Tales]]}}

It's unknown whether Tolkien would have revised the story or would have felt bound by published writings.

His Telerin ancestry would have made the couple first or second cousin. In the [[Morgoth's Ring]] it is stated that the first cousins might marry, but seldom did so, or desired to do so.<ref>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Celeborn.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Celeborn'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of ''[[celeb]]'' ("silver") + a derivative of ''[[ornā]]'' ("tall"). ''Teleporno'', his original [[Telerin]] name, has an identical meaning. The name Teleporno was "Sindarized" as ''Celeborn'': [[Telerin]] ''[[telepi|telpe]]'' ("silver") (Quenya ''[[telpe|tyelpe]]'') was transformed to Sindarin ''celeb''.<ref>{{UT|6e}}</ref>

He was given the epithet "the Wise" by Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Celeborn in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:Angus McBride - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in ''[[Middle-earth: The Wizards]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Celeborn 2.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
}}

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Celeborn only has a brief, role and speaks only one line. He appeared beside [[Galadriel]] for a brief shot.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'''''
:Celeborn was voiced by [[Simon Cadell]]. Unusually, virtually the whole dialogue Celeborn speaks in the book is utilised in the radio adaptation.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Celeborn is played by [[Marton Csokas]]. The role was extremely small in the theatrical version, but expanded slightly in the Extended Edition of ''The Fellowship of the Ring''. In that version, he participates in giving gifts to the Fellowship as they are leaving Lórien. Notably, he gives [[Aragorn]] a dagger and warns him of the dangers the Fellowship will face while sailing down the [[Anduin]].

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Celeborn makes a brief appearance in Lothlorien.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Celeborn leaves for Valinor with Galadriel and the other Ringbearers, rather than remaining behind as in the book.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Celeborn only appears during the "Evil" campaign, when is he is slain by the Forces of Sauron.

'''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Celeborn can be found alongside Galadriel on a main talan in [[Caras Galadhon]]. He is involved in various storylines, including negotiations with the Dwarves of the Iron Hill Garrison and organization of a military assault against [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]].

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Celeborn|Images of Celeborn]]

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Falmari]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Celeborn (Elb)]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:celeborn]]
[[fi:Celeborn]]

Celeborn

2019-03-29T00:42:45Z

Avari1:

{{cleanup}}{{sources}}
{{disambig-two|the Lord of Lórien|the Tree|[[Celeborn (White Tree)]]}}
{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Ebe Kastein - Celeborn.jpg|250px]]
| name=Celeborn
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Telerin|T.]] ''[[Teleporno]]''
| titles=Lord of [[Lothlórien|Lórien]]
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]] [[Lindon]] [[Eregion]] [[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=[[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth=Uncertain, see [[#Controversy|below]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| sailedwest=Before {{FoA|120}}<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref>
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=A member of the royal house of [[Doriath]]
| parentage=[[Galadhon]]
| siblings=[[Galathil]]
| spouse=[[Galadriel]]
| children=[[Celebrían]], ([[Amroth]]<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>, earlier version)
| gender=Male
| height=c. 6 feet 4 inches (193cm)<ref group="note">In the chapter "[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]", the heights of Galadriel and Celeborn are described: "Very tall they were, and the Lady no less tall than the Lord". Galadriel's height of 6'4'' comes from "Appendix: Númenórean Linear Measures" to "[[The Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]" in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''.</ref>
| hair=Silver, long<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Celeborn''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "silver-tall", pron. {{IPA|[ˈkeleborn]}}) was a noble [[Elves|Elf]] - a member of the [[Sindar]]<ref name=appb/><ref name=rgeo/> - who wedded [[Galadriel]] of the [[Noldor]]. After crossing the Blue Mountains at the beginning of the Second Age and living in the realm of [[Eregion]] for a while, he and Galadriel moved to [[Lothlórien]] to become the [[Lord of Lórien|Lord and Lady of Lórien]]. His daughter [[Celebrían]] married [[Elrond]] Half-elven whose daughter [[Arwen]] chose a mortal life to wed [[Aragorn]].

==History==
===Early life===
Celeborn was a [[Sindar|Sindarin]] prince from [[Doriath]],<ref name="Sil-13">{{S|13}}</ref> being the grandson of [[Elmo]] the brother of [[Thingol|Elwe/Thingol]], and thus he was the grand-nephew of the [[King of Doriath]].<ref name="GC"/>

{{seealso|#Telerin descent}}

[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|left|thumb|Līga Kļaviņa - ''Love at First Sight'']]
In the early [[Years of the Sun]] [[Finrod]] and [[Galadriel]] came to Doriath as guests of Elu Thingol. There Celeborn and Galadriel met, fell in love and were wedded. Galadriel remained in Doriath with Celeborn after [[Finrod]] went to the [[Caverns of Narog]] to establish the stronghold of [[Nargothrond]]. <ref name="Sil-13"/>

For the rest of the [[First Age]] Celeborn and Galadriel are not mentioned to have played any significant role in the general course of events of the Age, while their relatives, both Sindarin and Noldorin did. The only thing that can be said for sure, is that the couple survived the [[Wars of Beleriand]], including the [[Second Kinslaying]] by the [[Sons of Feanor]]<ref>{{S|24}}</ref>. They may have escaped to the [[Havens of Sirion|Havens]] or the [[Isle of Balar]].

===Second Age===
After the [[War of wrath|fall of Beleriand]], Celeborn and Galadriel came to [[Lindon]] the coastal region west of the Blue Mountains. Celeborn ruled the fief of [[Harlindon]], which was composed mostly of Sindar, under the [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]].<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref> They eventually came to [[Eregion]] where they dwelt for a time with [[Celebrimbor]] and the jewelsmiths of [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]. After Celebrimbor had largely taken over, they made contact with the [[Nandor]] of Lindórinand, across the [[Hithaeglir]]. Not long after they went through [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] to live there, becoming great among its people.

It is said that Celeborn fought in the [[Sack of Eregion]], and he and [[Elrond]] narrowly escaped to a dell, where the latter founded [[Rivendell]].<ref name="GC"/>

After the Sack of Eregion, Celeborn and Galadriel came to Lindórinand, the land of [[Silvan Elves]] which was ruled by King [[Amdir]]. When Amdir died in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], his son [[Amroth]] succeeded him.

===Third Age===
In early Third Age Amroth was weary of Middle-earth and wished to sail to the [[Valinor|West]]. He departed to [[Edhellond]] and by the year {{TA|1981}}, King Amroth drowned in the Bay of Belfalas. Celeborn and Galadriel took the title [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim|Lord and Lady]] of Lothlórien, the new name for Lindórinand and together they built [[Caras Galadhon]].

Celeborn and Galadriel had a daughter named [[Celebrían]],<ref group=note>Celebrían's exact date and place of birth are not specified.</ref> who later married [[Elrond]] Half-elven of [[Rivendell]], thus making Celeborn and his wife Galadriel the grandparents of the twins [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] and their younger sister [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]].
[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Swan-Boat of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|left|Rowena Morrill - ''The Swan-Boat of Galadriel'']]
In response to the growing threat of [[Dol Guldur]], the [[White Council]] was formed in {{TA|2463}}. Galadriel was on it; it is likely that Celeborn was also a member.

During the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3019}}, Lórien received the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], composed of various travelers on the [[Quest of the Ring|quest]] to destroy [[the One Ring]]. He offered advice, and boats for the [[Anduin]], speeding them on their way.

Celeborn's most significant recorded actions came in the same year (in March 3019), when he repulsed three attacks by [[orcs]] of [[Dol Guldur]]. Celeborn then marshalled his forces to cross the Anduin and [[Fall of Dol Guldur|lay siege to Dol Guldur]]. He captured the fortress, and Galadriel threw down its walls and purified it.

===After the War of the Ring===
Celeborn attended the wedding of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] and his granddaughter [[Arwen]], and on the journey to return bade a fond farewell to [[Treebeard]] as well.

{{quote|I do not think we shall meet again." "I do not know, Eldest.|[[Treebeard]] and Celeborn, ''[[Many Partings]]''}}.

Celeborn returned to Lothlórien, but the power of [[Nenya]] was broken. It no longer was filled with the light and life it had before. It is believed that [[Celeborn]] also relocated to Rivendell to reside with [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] after the departure of [[Galadriel]] and having also grown weary of [[East Lórien]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref>{{App|Great}}</ref>

By {{FoA|120}}, he sought the [[Grey Havens]] and sailed west aboard [[Last Ship]] with [[Cirdan the Shipwright]], but when he did so, he took with him the last memory of the Elder Days in Middle-earth.<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref name=AppTale>[[#References|7]]

==Character==
What can be gleaned of his personality is that he was quick-thinking and swift to act, one of the wisest elves of Middle-earth in the Third Age. He was a warrior too, leading his followers into battle against [[Dol Guldur]] and other menaces.

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
Up to the time when ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' was published, there had been no mention of Celeborn in the previously written legendarium. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] later attempted multiple times to fix upon the story behind such an important elf. He remains a fairly unsubstantial character in the legendarium, for despite his profound effect upon the doings of the Elder Days, there is very little direct information on him as a person.

In his first writings (which make up the bulk of the matter of Celeborn)and the works published during Tolkien's lifetime, the elf-lord is portrayed as a kinsman of Thingol and one of the Sindar,<ref name=appb>{{App|B1}}</ref><ref name=rgeo>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref> and met Galadriel when she came with the Noldor into exile. In a brief, speculative paper written by Tolkien included in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', Celeborn is made Thingol’s grandnephew, by the King’s brother [[Elmo]], who is also linked to Círdan. Elmo appears nowhere else in the legendarium.
===Telerin descent===
According to an alternate history of Celeborn and Galadriel in [[Unfinished Tales]], Celeborn was a [[Teler]] of noble rank in [[Alqualondë]], born '''[[Teleporno]]'''<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 347, 364 (note 46)</ref>, grandson of [[Olwë]], King of the [[Falmari]] (so that he still was a kinsman of the king Thingol back in Beleriand).<ref name="GC">{{UT|6}}</ref>

[[Galadriel|Artanis]], Olwë's granddaughter and a [[Noldor]]in princess of great beauty, often spent long visits to Alqualondë and her mother’s kin. During this time the two fell in love, and Teleporno gave her the romantic epithet ''[[Alatáriel]]'', meaning "Maiden Crowned with Radiant Garland".<ref name="Shib">{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref> Teleporno's name gained an additional [[Quenya]] form, '''[[Telporno]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[telˈporno]}}).

Later, Teleporno and Artanis helped to defend Alqualondë from the Noldor during the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|First Kinslaying]]. Nevertheless, Artanis’s heart was fired by the stories of [[Fëanor]] of the open lands across the [[Belegaer|sea]]. She urged Teleporno to take a ship eastward to [[Endor]], and he gave in. In doing so the two fell under the [[Ban of the Valar]].

In Beleriand, Teleporno and Artanis were greeted by [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], High King of the [[Sindar]] and Lord of [[Doriath]]. Teleporno eventually "[[Sindarization|Sindarized]]" his name to Celeborn; Artanis Sindarinized the epithet Celeborn had given her, and Alatáriel became Galadriel.
===Controversy===
Celeborn as a Telerin prince seems a late development. This altered origin was not adopted into the published ''[[Silmarillion]]'', primarily because it contradicted published [[canon]], and was not incorporated in Tolkien's drafts of the earlier parts, and therefore would have necessitated a major rewrite by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and [[Guy Gavriel Kay]] to account for a separate departure of Galadriel.

{{quote|On the other hand, the making of Celeborn into a Telerin Elf of Aman contradicts not only statements in The Silmarillion, but also those cited already from The Road Goes Ever On and Appendix B to The Lord of the Rings”|[[Christopher Tolkien]], [[Unfinished Tales]]}}

It's unknown whether Tolkien would have revised the story or would have felt bound by published writings.

His Telerin ancestry would have made the couple first or second cousin. In the [[Morgoth's Ring]] it is stated that the first cousins might marry, but seldom did so, or desired to do so.<ref>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Celeborn.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Celeborn'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of ''[[celeb]]'' ("silver") + a derivative of ''[[ornā]]'' ("tall"). ''Teleporno'', his original [[Telerin]] name, has an identical meaning. The name Teleporno was "Sindarized" as ''Celeborn'': [[Telerin]] ''[[telepi|telpe]]'' ("silver") (Quenya ''[[telpe|tyelpe]]'') was transformed to Sindarin ''celeb''.<ref>{{UT|6e}}</ref>

He was given the epithet "the Wise" by Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Celeborn in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:Angus McBride - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in ''[[Middle-earth: The Wizards]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Celeborn 2.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
}}

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Celeborn only has a brief, role and speaks only one line. He appeared beside [[Galadriel]] for a brief shot.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'''''
:Celeborn was voiced by [[Simon Cadell]]. Unusually, virtually the whole dialogue Celeborn speaks in the book is utilised in the radio adaptation.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Celeborn is played by [[Marton Csokas]]. The role was extremely small in the theatrical version, but expanded slightly in the Extended Edition of ''The Fellowship of the Ring''. In that version, he participates in giving gifts to the Fellowship as they are leaving Lórien. Notably, he gives [[Aragorn]] a dagger and warns him of the dangers the Fellowship will face while sailing down the [[Anduin]].

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Celeborn makes a brief appearance in Lothlorien.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Celeborn leaves for Valinor with Galadriel and the other Ringbearers, rather than remaining behind as in the book.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Celeborn only appears during the "Evil" campaign, when is he is slain by the Forces of Sauron.

'''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Celeborn can be found alongside Galadriel on a main talan in [[Caras Galadhon]]. He is involved in various storylines, including negotiations with the Dwarves of the Iron Hill Garrison and organization of a military assault against [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]].

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Celeborn|Images of Celeborn]]

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Falmari]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Celeborn (Elb)]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:celeborn]]
[[fi:Celeborn]]

Last Ship

2019-03-28T02:16:01Z

Avari1:

{{quote|At the [[Grey Havens]] dwelt [[Círdan the Shipwright]], and some say he dwells there still, until the Last Ship sets sail into the [[West]].|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], ''Eriador, Arnor, and the Heirs of Isildur''}}

The ''' Last Ship''' was the last ship, built by [[Círdan]], that sailed from the [[Grey Havens]] into the [[Uttermost West]] carrying the last [[Elves]] from [[Middle-earth]].

[[Círdan]] maintained the haven at least into the [[Fourth Age]], but it was recognized that eventually, its purpose would reach an end when no more Elves wished to cross the [[Sea]]. At that time, Círdan would abandon the Grey Havens and finally travel the [[Straight Road]] himself.

The Last Ship apparently sailed before {{FoA|120}} based on [[Aragorn]]'s final words to [[Arwen]]. Aragorn suggests Arwen might still sail into the West, and one of the reasons she gives that this is impossible is that "There is now no ship that would bear me hence...".<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref> This implies that the Last Ship had already sailed by {{FoA|120}}, the year in which this conversation took place.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>

[[Celeborn]] eventually sought the Grey Havens, taking with him the last memory of the [[Elder Days]] in [[Middle-earth]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> Since Círdan and Celeborn are among the only Elves of the Elder Days in Middle-earth, they took the Last Ship together.<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref>

==See Also==
*[[White Ship]]
*[[Cirdan the Shipwright]]
*[[Grey Havens]]

{{references}}

Last Ship

2019-03-28T02:13:37Z

Avari1: Created page with "{{quote|At the Grey Havens dwelt Círdan the Shipwright, and some say he dwells there still, until the Last Ship sets sail into the West.|''The Lord of the Rings'..."

{{quote|At the [[Grey Havens]] dwelt [[Círdan the Shipwright]], and some say he dwells there still, until the Last Ship sets sail into the [[West]].|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], ''Eriador, Arnor, and the Heirs of Isildur''}}

The ''' Last Ship''' was the last ship that sailed from the [[Grey Havens]] into the [[Uttermost West]] carrying the last [[Elves]] from [[Middle-earth]].

[[Círdan]] maintained the haven at least into the [[Fourth Age]], but it was recognized that eventually, its purpose would reach an end when no more Elves wished to cross the [[Sea]]. At that time, Círdan would abandon the Grey Havens and finally travel the [[Straight Road]] himself.

The Last Ship apparently sailed before {{FoA|120}} based on [[Aragorn]]'s final words to [[Arwen]]. Aragorn suggests Arwen might still sail into the West, and one of the reasons she gives that this is impossible is that "There is now no ship that would bear me hence...".<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref> The clear implication is that the Last Ship had already sailed by {{FoA|120}}, the year in which this conversation took place.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>

[[Celeborn]] eventually sought the Grey Havens, taking with him the last memory of the [[Elder Days]] in [[Middle-earth]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> Since Círdan and Celeborn are among the only Elves of the Elder Days in Middle-earth, they took the Last Ship together.<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref>

{{references}}

Celeborn

2019-03-28T01:30:29Z

Avari1: /* After the War of the Ring */

{{cleanup}}{{sources}}
{{disambig-two|the Lord of Lórien|the Tree|[[Celeborn (White Tree)]]}}
{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Ebe Kastein - Celeborn.jpg|250px]]
| name=Celeborn
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Telerin|T.]] ''[[Teleporno]]''
| titles=Lord of [[Lothlórien|Lórien]]
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]] [[Lindon]] [[Eregion]] [[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=[[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth=Uncertain, see [[#Controversy|below]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| sailedwest=Early [[Fourth Age]]
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=A member of the royal house of [[Doriath]]
| parentage=[[Galadhon]]
| siblings=[[Galathil]]
| spouse=[[Galadriel]]
| children=[[Celebrían]], ([[Amroth]]<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>, earlier version)
| gender=Male
| height=c. 6 feet 4 inches (193cm)<ref group="note">In the chapter "[[The Mirror of Galadriel]]", the heights of Galadriel and Celeborn are described: "Very tall they were, and the Lady no less tall than the Lord". Galadriel's height of 6'4'' comes from "Appendix: Númenórean Linear Measures" to "[[The Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]" in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''.</ref>
| hair=Silver, long<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|Mirror}}</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Celeborn''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "silver-tall", pron. {{IPA|[ˈkeleborn]}}) was a noble [[Elves|Elf]] - a member of the [[Sindar]]<ref name=appb/><ref name=rgeo/> - who wedded [[Galadriel]] of the [[Noldor]]. After crossing the Blue Mountains at the beginning of the Second Age and living in the realm of [[Eregion]] for a while, he and Galadriel moved to [[Lothlórien]] to become the [[Lord of Lórien|Lord and Lady of Lórien]]. His daughter [[Celebrían]] married [[Elrond]] Half-elven whose daughter [[Arwen]] chose a mortal life to wed [[Aragorn]].

==History==
===Early life===
Celeborn was a [[Sindar|Sindarin]] prince from [[Doriath]],<ref name="Sil-13">{{S|13}}</ref> being the grandson of [[Elmo]] the brother of [[Thingol|Elwe/Thingol]], and thus he was the grand-nephew of the [[King of Doriath]].<ref name="GC"/>

{{seealso|#Telerin descent}}

[[File:Līga Kļaviņa - Love at First Sight.jpg|left|thumb|Līga Kļaviņa - ''Love at First Sight'']]
In the early [[Years of the Sun]] [[Finrod]] and [[Galadriel]] came to Doriath as guests of Elu Thingol. There Celeborn and Galadriel met, fell in love and were wedded. Galadriel remained in Doriath with Celeborn after [[Finrod]] went to the [[Caverns of Narog]] to establish the stronghold of [[Nargothrond]]. <ref name="Sil-13"/>

For the rest of the [[First Age]] Celeborn and Galadriel are not mentioned to have played any significant role in the general course of events of the Age, while their relatives, both Sindarin and Noldorin did. The only thing that can be said for sure, is that the couple survived the [[Wars of Beleriand]], including the [[Second Kinslaying]] by the [[Sons of Feanor]]<ref>{{S|24}}</ref>. They may have escaped to the [[Havens of Sirion|Havens]] or the [[Isle of Balar]].

===Second Age===
After the [[War of wrath|fall of Beleriand]], Celeborn and Galadriel came to [[Lindon]] the coastal region west of the Blue Mountains. Celeborn ruled the fief of [[Harlindon]], which was composed mostly of Sindar, under the [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]].<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref> They eventually came to [[Eregion]] where they dwelt for a time with [[Celebrimbor]] and the jewelsmiths of [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]. After Celebrimbor had largely taken over, they made contact with the [[Nandor]] of Lindórinand, across the [[Hithaeglir]]. Not long after they went through [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] to live there, becoming great among its people.

It is said that Celeborn fought in the [[Sack of Eregion]], and he and [[Elrond]] narrowly escaped to a dell, where the latter founded [[Rivendell]].<ref name="GC"/>

After the Sack of Eregion, Celeborn and Galadriel came to Lindórinand, the land of [[Silvan Elves]] which was ruled by King [[Amdir]]. When Amdir died in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], his son [[Amroth]] succeeded him.

===Third Age===
In early Third Age Amroth was weary of Middle-earth and wished to sail to the [[Valinor|West]]. He departed to [[Edhellond]] and by the year {{TA|1981}}, King Amroth drowned in the Bay of Belfalas. Celeborn and Galadriel took the title [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim|Lord and Lady]] of Lothlórien, the new name for Lindórinand and together they built [[Caras Galadhon]].

Celeborn and Galadriel had a daughter named [[Celebrían]],<ref group=note>Celebrían's exact date and place of birth are not specified.</ref> who later married [[Elrond]] Half-elven of [[Rivendell]], thus making Celeborn and his wife Galadriel the grandparents of the twins [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] and their younger sister [[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]].
[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Swan-Boat of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|left|Rowena Morrill - ''The Swan-Boat of Galadriel'']]
In response to the growing threat of [[Dol Guldur]], the [[White Council]] was formed in {{TA|2463}}. Galadriel was on it; it is likely that Celeborn was also a member.

During the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3019}}, Lórien received the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], composed of various travelers on the [[Quest of the Ring|quest]] to destroy [[the One Ring]]. He offered advice, and boats for the [[Anduin]], speeding them on their way.

Celeborn's most significant recorded actions came in the same year (in March 3019), when he repulsed three attacks by [[orcs]] of [[Dol Guldur]]. Celeborn then marshalled his forces to cross the Anduin and [[Fall of Dol Guldur|lay siege to Dol Guldur]]. He captured the fortress, and Galadriel threw down its walls and purified it.

===After the War of the Ring===
Celeborn attended the wedding of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] and his granddaughter [[Arwen]], and on the journey to return bade a fond farewell to [[Treebeard]] as well.

{{quote|I do not think we shall meet again." "I do not know, Eldest.|[[Treebeard]] and Celeborn, ''[[Many Partings]]''}}.

Celeborn returned to Lothlórien, but the power of [[Nenya]] was broken. It no longer was filled with the light and life it had before. It is believed that [[Celeborn]] also relocated to Rivendell to reside with [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] after the departure of [[Galadriel]] and having also grown weary of [[East Lórien]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> It is not recorded when he sought the [[Grey Havens]] and sailed west, but when he did so he took with him the last memory of the Elder Days in Middle-earth[[#References|7]].

==Character==
What can be gleaned of his personality is that he was quick-thinking and swift to act, one of the wisest elves of Middle-earth in the Third Age. He was a warrior too, leading his followers into battle against [[Dol Guldur]] and other menaces.

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
Up to the time when ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' was published, there had been no mention of Celeborn in the previously written legendarium. [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] later attempted multiple times to fix upon the story behind such an important elf. He remains a fairly unsubstantial character in the legendarium, for despite his profound effect upon the doings of the Elder Days, there is very little direct information on him as a person.

In his first writings (which make up the bulk of the matter of Celeborn)and the works published during Tolkien's lifetime, the elf-lord is portrayed as a kinsman of Thingol and one of the Sindar,<ref name=appb>{{App|B1}}</ref><ref name=rgeo>{{RGEO|Notes}}</ref> and met Galadriel when she came with the Noldor into exile. In a brief, speculative paper written by Tolkien included in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', Celeborn is made Thingol’s grandnephew, by the King’s brother [[Elmo]], who is also linked to Círdan. Elmo appears nowhere else in the legendarium.
===Telerin descent===
According to an alternate history of Celeborn and Galadriel in [[Unfinished Tales]], Celeborn was a [[Teler]] of noble rank in [[Alqualondë]], born '''[[Teleporno]]'''<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 347, 364 (note 46)</ref>, grandson of [[Olwë]], King of the [[Falmari]] (so that he still was a kinsman of the king Thingol back in Beleriand).<ref name="GC">{{UT|6}}</ref>

[[Galadriel|Artanis]], Olwë's granddaughter and a [[Noldor]]in princess of great beauty, often spent long visits to Alqualondë and her mother’s kin. During this time the two fell in love, and Teleporno gave her the romantic epithet ''[[Alatáriel]]'', meaning "Maiden Crowned with Radiant Garland".<ref name="Shib">{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref> Teleporno's name gained an additional [[Quenya]] form, '''[[Telporno]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[telˈporno]}}).

Later, Teleporno and Artanis helped to defend Alqualondë from the Noldor during the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|First Kinslaying]]. Nevertheless, Artanis’s heart was fired by the stories of [[Fëanor]] of the open lands across the [[Belegaer|sea]]. She urged Teleporno to take a ship eastward to [[Endor]], and he gave in. In doing so the two fell under the [[Ban of the Valar]].

In Beleriand, Teleporno and Artanis were greeted by [[Thingol|Elu Thingol]], High King of the [[Sindar]] and Lord of [[Doriath]]. Teleporno eventually "[[Sindarization|Sindarized]]" his name to Celeborn; Artanis Sindarinized the epithet Celeborn had given her, and Alatáriel became Galadriel.
===Controversy===
Celeborn as a Telerin prince seems a late development. This altered origin was not adopted into the published ''[[Silmarillion]]'', primarily because it contradicted published [[canon]], and was not incorporated in Tolkien's drafts of the earlier parts, and therefore would have necessitated a major rewrite by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and [[Guy Gavriel Kay]] to account for a separate departure of Galadriel.

{{quote|On the other hand, the making of Celeborn into a Telerin Elf of Aman contradicts not only statements in The Silmarillion, but also those cited already from The Road Goes Ever On and Appendix B to The Lord of the Rings”|[[Christopher Tolkien]], [[Unfinished Tales]]}}

It's unknown whether Tolkien would have revised the story or would have felt bound by published writings.

His Telerin ancestry would have made the couple first or second cousin. In the [[Morgoth's Ring]] it is stated that the first cousins might marry, but seldom did so, or desired to do so.<ref>{{MR|Laws}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Celeborn.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Celeborn'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of ''[[celeb]]'' ("silver") + a derivative of ''[[ornā]]'' ("tall"). ''Teleporno'', his original [[Telerin]] name, has an identical meaning. The name Teleporno was "Sindarized" as ''Celeborn'': [[Telerin]] ''[[telepi|telpe]]'' ("silver") (Quenya ''[[telpe|tyelpe]]'') was transformed to Sindarin ''celeb''.<ref>{{UT|6e}}</ref>

He was given the epithet "the Wise" by Galadriel in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Celeborn in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2
|File:Angus McBride - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in ''[[Middle-earth: The Wizards]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Celeborn 2.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Celeborn.jpg|Celeborn in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
}}

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Celeborn only has a brief, role and speaks only one line. He appeared beside [[Galadriel]] for a brief shot.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'''''
:Celeborn was voiced by [[Simon Cadell]]. Unusually, virtually the whole dialogue Celeborn speaks in the book is utilised in the radio adaptation.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Celeborn is played by [[Marton Csokas]]. The role was extremely small in the theatrical version, but expanded slightly in the Extended Edition of ''The Fellowship of the Ring''. In that version, he participates in giving gifts to the Fellowship as they are leaving Lórien. Notably, he gives [[Aragorn]] a dagger and warns him of the dangers the Fellowship will face while sailing down the [[Anduin]].

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Celeborn makes a brief appearance in Lothlorien.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Celeborn leaves for Valinor with Galadriel and the other Ringbearers, rather than remaining behind as in the book.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Celeborn only appears during the "Evil" campaign, when is he is slain by the Forces of Sauron.

'''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Celeborn can be found alongside Galadriel on a main talan in [[Caras Galadhon]]. He is involved in various storylines, including negotiations with the Dwarves of the Iron Hill Garrison and organization of a military assault against [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]].

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Celeborn|Images of Celeborn]]

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Falmari]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Celeborn (Elb)]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:celeborn]]
[[fi:Celeborn]]

Rivendell

2019-03-28T01:28:01Z

Avari1: /* Later History */

{{disambig-more|Rivendell|[[Rivendell (disambiguation)]]}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Rivendell.jpg|250px]]
| name=Rivendell
| pronun=
| othernames=The First Homely House, The House of Elrond, Imladris, Karningul, The Last Homely House
| location=A hidden valley beneath the western [[Misty Mountains]] in [[Eriador]]
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Elves]] Few [[Arnorians]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| govern1=[[Elrond]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=[[Eregion]]
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{SA|1697}}
| event2=[[First Siege of Imladris|First Siege]]
| event2date={{SA|1697}} - {{SA|1700|n}}
| event3=[[Second Siege of Imladris|Second Siege]]
| event3date=c. TA 1400
| event4=[[Council of Elrond|Council of Elrond]]
| event4date=[[25 October]], {{TA|3018}}
| event5=Abandoned
| event5date=By {{FoA|120}}<ref name="Tale">{{App|Tale}}</ref>
| followedby=
}}
{{quote|And the house of Elrond was a refuge for the weary and the oppressed, and a treasury of good counsel and wise lore.|''[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''}}
'''Rivendell''', or '''[[Rivendell#Etymology|Imladris]]''', was an [[Elves|Elven]] town in the [[Misty Mountains]] on the eastern edge of [[Eriador]]. Because of its location, it was called "'''The Last Homely House East of the Sea'''" from the point of view of a traveller going to the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Wilderland]]; and also the '''First Homely House''' from the point of view of someone coming from these lands to the civilised lands of Eriador to the west.

It was established by [[Elrond]] in {{SA|1697}} as a refuge from [[Sauron]] after the fall of [[Eregion]].<ref name=sa>{{App|SA}}</ref> It remained Elrond's seat throughout the remainder of the Second Age and until the end of the Third Age, when he took the [[White Ship]] for [[Valinor]]. Rivendell had a strong alliance with the [[Kings of Arnor]] and after the fall of [[Arthedain]], it became a refuge for the [[Rangers of the North]] and the [[heir of Isildur|heirs of Isildur]]. Besides [[Elrond]] himself, notable Elves who lived there included [[Arwen]] and [[Glorfindel]].

==Location==
[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Valley of Rivendell.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Soni Alcorn-Hender]] - ''Valley of Rivendell'']]
Rivendell was located at the edge of a narrow gorge of the [[Bruinen|Bruinen River]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> but well hidden in the moorlands and foothills of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name=Rest>{{H|Rest}}</ref>

==History==
===Founding===
During the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], and as [[Sauron]] was moving against Eriador, Elrond led an army of [[Elves of Lindon]] to the region. They arrived late but were joined by a detachment out of [[Eregion]] led by [[Celeborn]]. Despite this, Sauron's armies overwhelmed the Elves, and Elrond was unable to reach Eregion. Forced northward toward the headwaters of [[Bruinen]], Elrond established a stronghold.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>

This became a refuge for those seeking shelter from Sauron's onslaught in Eriador, and Elrond's and Celeborn's Elves were soon joined by many fleeing the [[Sack of Eregion]]. More came as Sauron ravaged Eriador on his march toward [[Lindon]]. By {{SA|1700}}, Sauron had overrun all of Eriador and Imladris was [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged]]. The siege ended when Gil-galad's forces, strengthened by the armament sent by [[Tar-Minastir]], routed Sauron's armies and drove him out of Eriador.

A Council held at that time made Elrond Gil-galad's vice-regent in Eriador, and Imladris his seat. Gil-galad bestowed [[Vilya]] upon Elrond in secret. Aided by the power of the [[Three Rings|Elven ring]], Elrond made Imladris one of the chief seats of Elvish strength in the west in the latter part of the Second Age. Imladris remained an Elvish stronghold in Eriador to the end of the Second Age and into the Third. <ref>{{UT|6}}</ref>

===Last Alliance===
At the end of the Second Age, [[Elendil]] and Gil-galad formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] to challenge Sauron, and their host halted for a while at Imladris before crossing the Misty Mountains.<ref name="SV"/> [[Isildur]]'s wife and his youngest son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], were in Imladris at that time, and Isildur was journeying back to them after Sauron's defeat when he was ambushed at the [[Gladden Fields]].<ref>{{UT|7}}</ref> After receiving the shards of [[Narsil]], Valandil took up his role as King of [[Arnor]] and left Imladris for [[Annúminas]].<ref name="SV">{{S|V}}</ref>

===Third Age===
After the fall of Gil-galad, Elrond remained in Imladris. During the Third Age, it was a refuge and sanctuary; many Elves gathered there, and it was the chief dwelling of the [[High Elves]] in Eriador, except the [[Elves of Lindon]], but also wise and powerful people of all the races. The heirs of Isildur were also harboured there due to their kinship with Elrond, as descendants of his brother [[Elros]].<ref name="SV"/> Rivendell maintained this relationship with the North Kingdom throughout the Third Age, and Elrond and his people remained steadfast allies to the heirs of Isildur. Situated on the western slopes of the Misty Mountains, Imladris was near [[Arnor]]'s eastern province of [[Rhudaur]], which became independent during the disintegration of the North Kingdom in {{TA|861}}.

Danger came to Eriador around {{TA|1300}} when the witch-kingdom of [[Angmar]] was established in the north-east beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. It was late in the reign of [[Arveleg I]] that [[Second Siege of Imladris|Rivendell was besieged by Angmar]]. After an incursion by Angmar into Eriador in {{TA|1409}}, the Elves of Rivendell joined [[Elves of Lindon|those of Lindon]] and the [[Galadhrim]] whom Elrond brought over the Mountains, in subduing the power of the [[Witch-king]] for many years.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

After the end of the North-kingdom in {{TA|1975}} [[Aranarth]], the first [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], had [[Arahael|his son]] fostered in Rivendell, as were all subsequent sons of the chieftains. The heirlooms and treasures of the house of Isildur, including the shards of [[Narsil]], were also kept there after [[Arvedui]]'s death.<ref name="North"/> Among these were also some of the few remaining documents containing the history of Númenor.<ref>{{UT|3}}</ref>

There was traffic across the Misty Mountains in the Third Age between Imladris and [[Lothlórien]], for Elrond's wife was [[Celebrían]], daughter of Galadriel and Celeborn.

In the [[Quest of Erebor]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] stopped off at Rivendell with the Dwarves on the way to the [[Lonely Mountain]]<ref name=Rest/> and also on the way back to [[the Shire]] with [[Gandalf]].<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Bilbo retired there after his 111th birthday, writing his memoir ''[[There and Back Again]]''.<ref name=Meetings>{{FR|II1}}</ref>

===War of the Ring===
Years later, [[Frodo Baggins]] and his [[Travellers|companions]] journeyed to Rivendell, where they met Bilbo. Several other Elves, [[Dwarves]] and [[Men]] had also arrived at Rivendell on separate errands;<ref name=Meetings/> at the [[Council of Elrond]] they learned that all of their errands were related to the fate of [[the One Ring]], and they had to decide what to do about it. In the end, the Hobbits influenced the decision.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

===Later History===

Following the destruction of [[the One Ring]] at the end of the Third Age, Elrond's ring lost its power, and Elrond, with many of his household, left Rivendell to sail for [[Valinor]] from the [[Grey Havens]]; this marked the start of the [[Fourth Age]].

Although Elrond departed from Rivendell, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] remained for a while with some of the remaining [[Noldor]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> It is believed that [[Celeborn]] also relocated to Rivendell after the departure of [[Galadriel]] and having also grown weary of [[East Lórien]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref>{{App|Great}}</ref>

It is not known when Rivendell was finally abandoned, but shortly before [[Aragorn]] died in {{FoA|120}}, he said to [[Arwen]] that "none now walk" in the garden of Elrond, indicating that the last of the [[High Elves]] had departed to [[Valinor]].<ref name="Tale" />

==Geography==
Pine-trees grew on the top of the valley, and there was a "steep zig-zag path" to the valley bottom. The vegetation in the valley bottom was mostly oak and beech.<ref name=Rest/>

==Etymology==
''Rivendell'' ("[[Wiktionary:cloven|cloven]]-[[Wiktionary:dell|dell]]") is the [[Westron|Common Speech]] translation of the Sindarin name '''''Imladris''''' ("deep dale of the cleft").<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 774</ref> An alternative (or complementary) etymology, gives ''Rivendell'' as the Anglicised version of the [[Westron]] name '''''Karningul''''' (itself a translation of ''Imladris'').<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref>

The name ''Imladris'' is also glossed as "Canyon of the Cleft"<ref>{{VT|47a}}, p. 14 (note 18)</ref> and "flat-floored valley of the Cleft".<ref name="letter">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Anthony D. Howlett]]" ([[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|letter]])</ref>

==Inspiration==
A possible inspiration (so suggested by [[David Salo]]<ref>Aaron Fuegi, "[http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/Rivimages/realriv.html Rivendell in Switzerland]" at [http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/home.html the Last Homely House] (accessed 15 November 2011)</ref>) could have been [[wikipedia:Lauterbrunnen|Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland]], which Tolkien visited in [[1911]]:

{{quote|I am... delighted that you have made the acquaintance of Switzerland, and of the very part that I once knew best and which had the deepest effect on me. The hobbit’s journey from Rivendell to the other side of the Misty Mountains, including the glissade down the slithering stones into the pine woods, is based on my adventures in 1911 (he was 19 and travelled to Lauterbrunnen)... Our wanderings mainly on foot in a party of 12 are not now clear in sequence, but leave many vivid pictures as clear as yesterday." (He talks of similar conditions of the travel of Bilbo camping out, walking mountain paths, carrying packs).|Tolkien<ref>{{l|306}}</ref>}}

==Portrayal in adaptations ==
{{Gallery
|title=Rivendell in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|lines=2

|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
|File:BFME2 - Elrond Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
|File:Aragorn's Quest - Rivendell1.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Gandalf and Galadriel.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
}}
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Rivendell appears in every instalment, although its role in the second and third film is rather minor.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Rivendell is the fifth level and the first where no fighting is required. After Frodo is taken to Rivendell by [[Glorfindel]], he is first woken by [[Gandalf]]; after that, the [[Council of Elrond]] starts. After the council, there is an opportunity to speak to the NPCs - [[Aragorn]], [[Arwen]], [[Boromir]], [[Elrond]], [[Gandalf]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. The gameplay continues by entering a door. A short cutscene follows in which Bilbo gives [[Sting]] and the ''[[mithril]]'' shirt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]], "Rivendell"</ref>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Rivendell is one of the battlegrounds in the game and a site of a skirmish between Elves and Goblins.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game, located between Trollshaws and the Misty Mountains. Rivendell is also one of the places that players can choose as Elven character's homeland. The Last Homely House refers to a large dwelling of Elrond, not to the entire refuge of Rivendell. It is located on the eastern side of Rivendell. One can find Elrond's library, the [[Hall of Fire]], the scholar's guild and various guest rooms.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game and the only place characters are obliged to visit more than once (other cities can be re-visited, but this is optional).

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Rivendell appears in the [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|first film]] after [[Gandalf]] leads [[Thorin and Company]] away from [[Yazneg]] and the [[Wargs]]. Much of Rivendell is familiar from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]] but new areas have been including such as the meeting place of the [[White Council]] and a crystal table used for investigating the [[Moon-letters]] in [[Thrór's Map]].

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Rivendell|Images of Rivendell]]

{{references}}
{{companyroute}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[de:Bruchtal]]
[[fi:Rivendell]]

Ithilien

2019-03-28T01:21:44Z

Avari1: /* War of the Ring and later */

{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Ithilien.png|250px]]
| name=Ithilien
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Between [[Anduin]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]
| capital=[[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]] (before {{TA|2002}}) [[Emyn Arnen]] ([[Fourth Age]])
| towns=[[Henneth Annûn]]
| regions=[[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien|South]]
| population=[[Gondorians]] Few [[Silvan Elves]]
| language=[[Westron]], [[Gondor Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Kings of Gondor|Kings]]/[[Steward of Gondor|Stewards of Gondor]]
| govern2=Later [[Prince of Ithilien]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{SA|3320}}
| event2=Deserted
| event2date={{TA|2901}}
| event3=Reclaimed
| event3date={{TA|3019}}
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}

'''Ithilien''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[iˈθiljen]}}) was a region and fiefdom of [[Gondor]].

==History==
Historians in [[Gondor]] believed that, in the [[First Age]], the [[Drúedain|Woses]] reached the region and were the first to cross the [[Anduin]] (probably near [[Cair Andros]]).<ref>{{UT|Druedain}}</ref>

Old records preserved in [[Gondor]] indicate that the name ''[[Arnen]]'' was once used for the larger part of the region during the [[Second Age]].<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 17</ref>
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Minas Ithil.jpg|thumb|left|Matěj Čadil - ''Minas Ithil'']]
When [[Elendil]] and his sons founded the [[Realms in Exile]], Ithilien took its name after his son, [[Isildur]]. Of old, its chief city was ''Minas Ithil'', the Tower of the Moon. It was briefly captured by [[Sauron]] in {{SA|3429}} but was restored. Ithilien was a fair and prosperous land during the [[Second Age]] and the first part of the [[Third Age]] when Gondor was strong and Mordor deserted.

In {{TA|541}} [[Easterlings]] invaded northern Ithilien and King [[Rómendacil I]] was killed .<ref name="TA"/>
[[File:Alan Lee - Cirith Ungol.jpg|left|thumb|"Cirith Ungol" by [[Alan Lee]]]]
[[Amon Dîn]] was used as a fortified outpost of Minas Tirith keeping watch over the passage into North Ithilien from [[Dagorlad]] and any attempt by enemies to cross the [[Anduin]] near [[Cair Andros]].<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 510</ref> The [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] was also defending Ithilien from attacks from Sauron's remaining servants and stopped them from returning to Mordor, guarding the high pass over the [[Ephel Dúath]]. Gondor occupied the fortress until {{TA|1636}} when the [[Great Plague]] killed large parts of the population. During the plague, most of the people of [[Osgiliath]] fled the city for the western dales or the woods of Ithilien.

After the disastrous [[Battle of the Plains]] in {{TA|1856}}, Ithilien was the only land east of the river Anduin to be occupied as the others were abandoned.

In {{TA|1899}}, Marhwini warned [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|King Calimehtar]] that the [[Wainriders]] were plotting to raid [[Calenardhon]] over the [[Undeeps]]. Calimehtar, therefore, provoked the Wainriders out of Ithilien, and his horsemen, joined by a large [[éored]] led by [[Marhwini]], drove the Wainriders back.<ref name="Cirion"/>

In {{TA|1944}}, [[Wainriders]] from [[Rhûn]] made an alliance with the [[Haradrim]], and a dual attack on Ithilien was launched. While the Wainriders assaulted Ithilien from the north, the armies of the Haradrim crossed the [[Poros]] and invaded [[South Ithilien]]. The Gondorian [[Captain of the Southern Army|Captain]] [[Earnil II|Eärnil]] leading Gondor's inferior [[Southern Army]], defeated the Haradrim, and then turned north, [[Battle of the Camp|took]] the Wainriders into surprise and pushed many of them into the swamplands of the [[Dead Marshes]].

When Minas Ithil was captured by Mordor in {{TA|2002}} it was renamed [[Minas Morgul]], the Tower of Black Sorcery. During the [[Watchful Peace]] the lords of Morgul had secretly bred the [[Uruk-hai]], and in {{TA|2475}} these creatures assailed and overran Ithilien, captured [[Osgiliath]] and destroyed the great stone-bridge.
===Deserting===
[[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]] defeated the host of Morgul and regained Ithilien. However, from that time on no people dwelt in that region, and for Gondor, there was never full peace again until after the defeat of Sauron.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref>

In {{TA|2885}}, Ithilien was invaded in great strength, King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]] and sent many men to Gondor. With their aid Steward [[Túrin II]] won a victory at the crossings of [[Poros]], though the princes [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]] were slain.<ref name=TA>{{App|TA}}</ref>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Henneth Annûn.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Henneth Annun'']]
The majority of the people of Ithilien fled across the [[Anduin]] to escape war ({{TA|2901}})<ref name=TA/>, but the [[Stewards of Gondor]] still kept scouts there, operating out of secret locations such as [[Henneth Annûn]]. Those who stayed fled to regions such as [[Lossarnach]] when [[Mount Doom]] erupted in {{TA|2954}}. [[Steward]] [[Ecthelion II]] constructed the [[Rammas Echor]] as part of the now necessary defenses of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 546</ref>
[[File:Angus McBride - Ambush.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Ambush'']]
The descendants of the people who had dwelt in Ithilien, formed the corps of the [[Rangers of Ithilien]].

===War of the Ring and later===

During the [[War of the Ring]], in early March {{TA|3019}}, [[Faramir]] the son of the Steward [[Denethor]], was leading the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] to ambush Haradrim who would pass through Ithilien. That same time, [[Gollum]] led [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] through Ithilien on their way to [[Cirith Ungol]] and into Mordor, and Faramir allowed them to continue when he was satisfied they were not agents of [[Sauron]].
[[File:Alan Lee - Oliphaunt.jpg|thumb|"Oliphaunt" by [[Alan Lee]]]]
When the [[Host of the West]] marched on the [[Morannon]], [[Mablung (ranger of Ithilien)|Mablung]] and his troops discovered an ambush by Orcs and Easterlings that lay hid in Ithilien. The ambush was quickly turned.<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref>

During the [[Fourth Age]], Ithilien was ruled by the [[Prince of Ithilien|Princes of Ithilien]], a line that started with Faramir and [[Éowyn]], who became known as the White Lady of Ithilien. Minas Morgul was not repopulated. As the Prince of Ithilien, Faramir dwelt in a fair new house in Emyn Arnen, whose gardens devised by Legolas were renowned.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}} </ref>

After the fall of Sauron, around {{FoA|20}},<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref> Legolas brought south Elves out of Greenwood, and they dwelt in Ithilien, and it became once again the fairest country in all the Westlands.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> They stayed in Ithilien for "a hundred years of Men."<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref> After King Aragorn died, Legolas sailed West, reportedly taking Gimli with him, and with them left numerous other [[Elves]].<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref><ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_First_Sight_of_Ithilien.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''First Sight of Ithilien'']]
Ithilien was the only part of Gondor on the eastern side of the [[Anduin]], wedged in between the river and the [[Ephel Dúath]]. The northern border must have been around the [[Dead Marshes]] and its southern border was the river [[Poros]]. The region was further divided into [[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien]] (the division was made at or near the [[Cross-roads]]).

[[Iris]]es, [[Anemones]], [[Eglantine]], [[lilies]], [[water-lilies]] and [[Asphodel]] grew in Ithilien<ref>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>. [[Lebethron]]<ref>{{TT|Journey}}</ref> and [[Culumalda]] grew especially in the woods around the [[Field of Cormallen]].<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 625-6 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref><ref name=SApp>{{S|Appendix}} (entry for ''mal-'')</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ithilien.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Ithilien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "land of the moon".<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 233</ref> It has been suggested that the name consists of the elements ''[[Moon#Other names|Ithil]]'' ("moon") + the affix ''[[-nd|end]]''.<ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 20 July 2011)</ref>

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/gondor/ithilien]]

Ithilien

2019-03-28T01:21:20Z

Avari1: helped to clean up this article including grammar checks

{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Ithilien.png|250px]]
| name=Ithilien
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Between [[Anduin]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]
| capital=[[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]] (before {{TA|2002}}) [[Emyn Arnen]] ([[Fourth Age]])
| towns=[[Henneth Annûn]]
| regions=[[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien|South]]
| population=[[Gondorians]] Few [[Silvan Elves]]
| language=[[Westron]], [[Gondor Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Kings of Gondor|Kings]]/[[Steward of Gondor|Stewards of Gondor]]
| govern2=Later [[Prince of Ithilien]]
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{SA|3320}}
| event2=Deserted
| event2date={{TA|2901}}
| event3=Reclaimed
| event3date={{TA|3019}}
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}

'''Ithilien''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[iˈθiljen]}}) was a region and fiefdom of [[Gondor]].

==History==
Historians in [[Gondor]] believed that, in the [[First Age]], the [[Drúedain|Woses]] reached the region and were the first to cross the [[Anduin]] (probably near [[Cair Andros]]).<ref>{{UT|Druedain}}</ref>

Old records preserved in [[Gondor]] indicate that the name ''[[Arnen]]'' was once used for the larger part of the region during the [[Second Age]].<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 17</ref>
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Minas Ithil.jpg|thumb|left|Matěj Čadil - ''Minas Ithil'']]
When [[Elendil]] and his sons founded the [[Realms in Exile]], Ithilien took its name after his son, [[Isildur]]. Of old, its chief city was ''Minas Ithil'', the Tower of the Moon. It was briefly captured by [[Sauron]] in {{SA|3429}} but was restored. Ithilien was a fair and prosperous land during the [[Second Age]] and the first part of the [[Third Age]] when Gondor was strong and Mordor deserted.

In {{TA|541}} [[Easterlings]] invaded northern Ithilien and King [[Rómendacil I]] was killed .<ref name="TA"/>
[[File:Alan Lee - Cirith Ungol.jpg|left|thumb|"Cirith Ungol" by [[Alan Lee]]]]
[[Amon Dîn]] was used as a fortified outpost of Minas Tirith keeping watch over the passage into North Ithilien from [[Dagorlad]] and any attempt by enemies to cross the [[Anduin]] near [[Cair Andros]].<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 510</ref> The [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] was also defending Ithilien from attacks from Sauron's remaining servants and stopped them from returning to Mordor, guarding the high pass over the [[Ephel Dúath]]. Gondor occupied the fortress until {{TA|1636}} when the [[Great Plague]] killed large parts of the population. During the plague, most of the people of [[Osgiliath]] fled the city for the western dales or the woods of Ithilien.

After the disastrous [[Battle of the Plains]] in {{TA|1856}}, Ithilien was the only land east of the river Anduin to be occupied as the others were abandoned.

In {{TA|1899}}, Marhwini warned [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|King Calimehtar]] that the [[Wainriders]] were plotting to raid [[Calenardhon]] over the [[Undeeps]]. Calimehtar, therefore, provoked the Wainriders out of Ithilien, and his horsemen, joined by a large [[éored]] led by [[Marhwini]], drove the Wainriders back.<ref name="Cirion"/>

In {{TA|1944}}, [[Wainriders]] from [[Rhûn]] made an alliance with the [[Haradrim]], and a dual attack on Ithilien was launched. While the Wainriders assaulted Ithilien from the north, the armies of the Haradrim crossed the [[Poros]] and invaded [[South Ithilien]]. The Gondorian [[Captain of the Southern Army|Captain]] [[Earnil II|Eärnil]] leading Gondor's inferior [[Southern Army]], defeated the Haradrim, and then turned north, [[Battle of the Camp|took]] the Wainriders into surprise and pushed many of them into the swamplands of the [[Dead Marshes]].

When Minas Ithil was captured by Mordor in {{TA|2002}} it was renamed [[Minas Morgul]], the Tower of Black Sorcery. During the [[Watchful Peace]] the lords of Morgul had secretly bred the [[Uruk-hai]], and in {{TA|2475}} these creatures assailed and overran Ithilien, captured [[Osgiliath]] and destroyed the great stone-bridge.
===Deserting===
[[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]] defeated the host of Morgul and regained Ithilien. However, from that time on no people dwelt in that region, and for Gondor, there was never full peace again until after the defeat of Sauron.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref>

In {{TA|2885}}, Ithilien was invaded in great strength, King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]] and sent many men to Gondor. With their aid Steward [[Túrin II]] won a victory at the crossings of [[Poros]], though the princes [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]] were slain.<ref name=TA>{{App|TA}}</ref>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Henneth Annûn.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Henneth Annun'']]
The majority of the people of Ithilien fled across the [[Anduin]] to escape war ({{TA|2901}})<ref name=TA/>, but the [[Stewards of Gondor]] still kept scouts there, operating out of secret locations such as [[Henneth Annûn]]. Those who stayed fled to regions such as [[Lossarnach]] when [[Mount Doom]] erupted in {{TA|2954}}. [[Steward]] [[Ecthelion II]] constructed the [[Rammas Echor]] as part of the now necessary defenses of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 546</ref>
[[File:Angus McBride - Ambush.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Ambush'']]
The descendants of the people who had dwelt in Ithilien, formed the corps of the [[Rangers of Ithilien]].

===War of the Ring and later===

During the [[War of the Ring]], in early March {{TA|3019}}, [[Faramir]] the son of the Steward [[Denethor]], was leading the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] to ambush Haradrim who would pass through Ithilien. That same time, [[Gollum]] led [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] through Ithilien on their way to [[Cirith Ungol]] and into Mordor, and Faramir allowed them to continue when he was satisfied they were not agents of [[Sauron]].
[[File:Alan Lee - Oliphaunt.jpg|thumb|"Oliphaunt" by [[Alan Lee]]]]
When the [[Host of the West]] marched on the [[Morannon]], [[Mablung (ranger of Ithilien)|Mablung]] and his troops discovered an ambush by Orcs and Easterlings that lay hid in Ithilien. The ambush was quickly turned.<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref>

During the [[Fourth Age]], Ithilien was ruled by the [[Prince of Ithilien|Princes of Ithilien]], a line that started with Faramir and [[Éowyn]], who became known as the White Lady of Ithilien. Minas Morgul was not repopulated. A] the Prince of Ithilien, Faramir dwelt in a fair new house in Emyn Arnen, whose gardens devised by Legolas were renowned.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}} </ref>

After the fall of Sauron, around {{FoA|20}},<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref> Legolas brought south Elves out of Greenwood, and they dwelt in Ithilien, and it became once again the fairest country in all the Westlands.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> They stayed in Ithilien for "a hundred years of Men."<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref> After King Aragorn died, Legolas sailed West, reportedly taking Gimli with him, and with them left numerous other [[Elves]].<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref><ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_First_Sight_of_Ithilien.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''First Sight of Ithilien'']]
Ithilien was the only part of Gondor on the eastern side of the [[Anduin]], wedged in between the river and the [[Ephel Dúath]]. The northern border must have been around the [[Dead Marshes]] and its southern border was the river [[Poros]]. The region was further divided into [[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien]] (the division was made at or near the [[Cross-roads]]).

[[Iris]]es, [[Anemones]], [[Eglantine]], [[lilies]], [[water-lilies]] and [[Asphodel]] grew in Ithilien<ref>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>. [[Lebethron]]<ref>{{TT|Journey}}</ref> and [[Culumalda]] grew especially in the woods around the [[Field of Cormallen]].<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 625-6 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref><ref name=SApp>{{S|Appendix}} (entry for ''mal-'')</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ithilien.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Ithilien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "land of the moon".<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 233</ref> It has been suggested that the name consists of the elements ''[[Moon#Other names|Ithil]]'' ("moon") + the affix ''[[-nd|end]]''.<ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 20 July 2011)</ref>

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[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/gondor/ithilien]]