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House of Haleth

2019-12-07T15:48:11Z

BlackBear: /* Physical characteristics */

The [[House of Haleth]], also known as the '''Haladin''' was the second House of the [[Edain]] to come over the [[Blue Mountains|Ered Luin]] into [[Beleriand]] and survived longest of all three houses, owing to their defensive strategy during the [[Wars of Beleriand]].

== Origins ==
{{main|Pre-Númenóreans}}
The [[pre-Númenóreans|ancestors]] of the Haladin moved from [[Hildórien]] to the [[Westlands|West]]. During their migration they joined the [[Drúedain]] near the [[White Mountains]] and stayed with them on friendly terms.<ref name=Druedain>{{UT|Druedain}}</ref>

When the core of their team was pressed to wander on, some Drúedain accompanied them northwards<ref name=Druedain/>, passing through the [[Gap of Rohan|opening between]] the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[White Mountains]]. Many stayed behind because of the dense forest covering the [[Minhiriath]] and the western half of [[Enedwaith]] between the [[Greyflood]] and the [[Isen]] and became herd-tenders. Their descendants were peoples in the forests of the shore-lands south of the [[Blue Mountains]], especially in Minhiriath<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref>

Their kin of the White Mountains apparently were later driven off (from the most part) by [[Men of Darkness]] during the [[Dark Years]], removed to the southern dales of the [[Misty Mountains]] and thence some passed into the empty lands until the [[Barrow-downs]], from whom came the [[Men of Bree]].<ref name=F>{{App|F1ii}}</ref>
==History==
[[File:Steamey - Funeral of Haldad and Haldar.jpg|thumb|Steamey - ''Funeral of Haldad and Haldar'']]
The Haladin entered Beleriand in {{FA|312}}.<ref>{{WJ|14}}, p. 227</ref> They came secretly in small parties in the woods of [[Ossiriand]], and were in strife among themselves. The [[Laegil]] were unfriendly to them. Their numbers are not known, but they were probably more than 2000.<ref name=atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>

Unlike The [[House of Bëor]] before them and the [[House of Hador]] after, they did not advance to [[Estolad]] but instead dwelt without leave in the south of [[Caranthir]]'s realm of [[Thargelion]].<ref name=guide/> The Haladin had no overall leader and so settled in scattered groups in that region.

[[Morgoth]] already knew about the coming of hostile Men to Beleriand and sent his servants to afflict the Haladin.<ref name=atani/> So their style of living came to an end in {{FA|375}} when a host of orcs assaulted their territory. In answer to this [[Haldad]] took command of the people, building a stockade between the angle of the rivers [[Gelion]] and [[Ascar]] south of [[Sarn Athrad]]. There he led the defence of his people until he and his son [[Haldar]] were slain whereupon his daughter [[Haleth]] took up the leadership of the house and held out for a week until Caranthir's army could relieve them.<ref name=guide/>

In honour of the valiance of Haleth, Caranthir offered the House of Haleth a feif in his lands but Haleth declined and instead led her people away passing through Estolad and [[Nan Dungortheb]] before temporarily inhabiting [[Talath Dirnen]]. King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] granted to Haleth the [[Forest of Brethil]] on condition that she defended the [[Crossings of Teiglin]]. She led then her people (now known as the '''House of Haleth''' in her honour) and they settled as woodsmen centered around the capital of [[Amon Obel]]. For the following years they guarded the northern flank of [[Nargothrond]].<ref name=guide/>

Eventually Haleth died but as she had produced no heirs the title of [[Chieftain of the Haladin]] returned to her brother Haldar's line and to his son [[Haldan]] who ruled for 31 years before dying leaving the leadership of the house to his son [[Halmir]].

Four years after in {{FA|455}}, [[Morgoth]] broke the [[Siege of Angband]] in the [[Dagor Bragollach]]. The House of Haleth played no active part in the battle but fought the hosts of orcs that threatened their realm with the aid of the [[Sindar]] of Doriath under [[Beleg|Beleg Cúthalion]]. Both Doriath and Brethil refused to play any great part in the war of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] and their allies and only seldom did the Haladin march to war alongside them.

After the loss of [[Dorthonion]], their numbers were joined by refugees from the [[House of Bëor|First House]].<ref name=guide/>

Of Halmir's four children, two married into the House of Hador; [[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]], his heir married Hador's daughter [[Glóredhel]], while [[Hareth]] married [[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]] producing the famed brothers [[Húrin]] and [[Huor]], who, in the upheaval following the Bragollach were fostered for a while by Haldir in Brethil.

After the fall of [[Minas Tirith in Beleriand|Minas Tirith]], the Haladin were harassed by frequent Orc-raids in the Crossings from [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]].<ref name=guide/>

When the [[Union of Maedhros]] was formed, Halmir offered the aid of the House of Haleth and made preparations for war but a year prior to the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] he died and the promise was left for his son Haldir to fulfill. Haldir took part in the battle where the Haladin covered the retreat of [[Fingon]] and suffered heavy losses on [[Anfauglith]]. Haldir was slain alongside his brother [[Hundar]].<ref name=guide/>

The son of Haldir [[Handir]] took up the leadership but he himself was slain in one of the many orc raids on Brethil at that time and the position passed to his son [[Brandir]]. Their defeat allowed the forces of the enemy to access and [[sack of Nargothrond|sack Nargothrond]].<ref name=guide/>

=== Later history ===
After the death of [[Handir]] the Haladin dwindled and became more reclusive but survived on. They remained in their woods, occasionally ambushing Orcs at the Crossings.<ref name=guide/>

It was during the reign of Brandir that [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] son of Húrin came to Brethil and became in all but name its leader, leading them in warfare in much the same manner as he had the elves of [[Nargothrond]]. Túrin's presence brought the dragon [[Glaurung]] to Brethil and though Túrin succeeded in slaying the beast, he slew Brandir in a rage as the final threads sparing him from his doom unravelled. Túrin's suicide ended that period in the history of the Haladin.

But their dealings with Húrin and his cursed kin were not yet over for Húrin himself came among them after twenty eight years of captivity in Angband. Now a broken man he succeeded in sparking a civil war in the House of Haleth owing to his perception of the treatment of his [[Morwen|wife]] whom he found at the [[Stone of the Hapless|grave of their children]]. [[Obel Halad]] was burnt and all potential heirs slain or driven away in the anarchy that followed. In that way did the House of Haleth cease to be in the year {{FA|500}}. The Drúedain who had dwelt in the forest of Brethil were reduced to a few families of mainly women and children, who fled to the [[Mouths of Sirion]].<ref name=Druedain/>

==Physical characteristics==
Little information is given as to the physical characteristics of the House of Haleth, save for the fact that they were shorter in stature than those of the House of Bëor.<ref name=Druedain/>

==Culture==
The Haladin belonged to a different branch than the other Edain of the west, and differed in a number of ways. They spoke an unrelated dialect of [[Mannish]],<ref name="guide" /> and although some of them learned [[Sindarin]] to communicate with the [[Eldar]] and the other Edain, theywere not fluent in it.<ref name=atani/>

Their numbers were fewer<ref name=guide/> and their birth rates were slightly enough to compensate for their losses to the war; women were fewer than men, and many remained unwed.<ref name=atani/><ref name=note>{{PM|XNotes}}, #50</ref>

They were secretive and conservative, unwilling to adopt new things and customs, remaining apart, preferring solitude and to protect their woodlands instead of allying themselves with the [[Elves]] and participating to the greater events. They had their own customs and practices that seemed strange to the Elves and Edain alike, like their ancient practice of having women warriors and amazons (like Haleth, who had a picked bodyguard of women),<ref name=atani/> perhaps owing to their small numbers.<ref name=note/>

Indeed, they excelled in forest warfare, and Orcs, even especially trained for this, dared not to cross their borders. They had a few dealings with the outsiders except their participation to the War where they proved loyal allies; reflecting their population, they sent small companies (rarely women<ref name=note/>) beyond their borders, who were esteemed as redoubtable warriors.<ref name=atani/>

In battle they bore axes.<ref name="guide">{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Haladin"</ref>

==Terminology==
In the notes to the [[Wanderings of Húrin]] in [[The War of the Jewels|History of Middle-earth XI]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] points out an interesting usage of the term 'Haladin'. It would seem that [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] at some point intended 'Haladin' to refer only to the noble line of the House of Haleth and not the House of Haleth as a whole.

Whether this definition of 'Haladin' would have survived into the final intent is questionable. This article takes the more widely used definition of referring to the entire People of Haleth.

==Family tree of the House of Haleth and descendants==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HDD| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HDD=[[Haldad]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HTH| |HDR| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HTH=[[Haleth]]|HDR=[[Haldar]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HDN| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HDN=[[Haldan]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HMR| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HMR=[[Halmir]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |GAL|y|HRT| | | | | |HLD|y|GLO| |HUN| |HIR|y|ENT| | |GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]]|HRT=[[Hareth]]|HLD=[[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]]|GLO=[[Glóredhel]]|HUN=[[Hundar]]|HIR=[[Hiril]]|ENT=[[Enthor]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | |RIA|y|HUO| |HUR|y|MOR| | | |HAN| |HUL| |HDD| |MEL|y|AGA|RIA=[[Rían]]|MOR=[[Morwen]]|HUO=[[Huor]]|HUR=[[Húrin]]|HAN=[[Handir]]|HUL=[[Hunleth]]|HDD=[[Hundad]]|MEL=[[Meleth]]|AGA=[[Agathor]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;|IDR|y|TUO| |TUR| |LAL| |NIE| |BRA| | | | | |HDG| |HTR| |MTR|IDR=[[Idril]]|TUO=[[Tuor]]|TUR=[[Túrin]]|LAL=[[Lalaith]]|NIE=[[Nienor]]|BRA=[[Brandir]]|HDG=[[Hardang]]|HTR=[[Hunthor]]|MTR=[[Manthor]]}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:nowrap;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | |EAR| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EAR=[[Eärendil]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

{{References}}
[[Category:House of Haleth| ]]
[[Category:Mannish Noble Houses|Haleth]]
[[de:Haus Haleth]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:peuple_de_haleth]]
[[fi:Halethin kansa]]

Dunlendings

2019-12-01T11:23:02Z

BlackBear:

{{sources}}
{{people infobox
| name=Dunlendings
| image=[[File:John Howe - Dunlending.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:John Howe - Dunlending.jpg|Dunlending]]" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Gwathuirim'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| origin=
| location=[[Dunland]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=[[Rohirrim]]
| language=[[Westron]], [[Dunlendish]]
| members=[[Squint-eyed Southerner]], [[Freca]], [[Wulf]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=Dark
| skin=Dark
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
'''Dunlendings''', also known as the '''Gwathuirim''', were the ferocious, tall and vicious [[men]] that lived in [[Dunland]], close to [[Rohan]]. Also called the ''Wild Men of Dunland'', they had long been enemies of the [[Rohirrim]], because they were jealous that the rich lands of the old [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] province of Calenardhon were granted by the Gondorians to the Rohirrim instead of them.
== History ==
=== Origins ===
The ancestors of the Dunlendings were also the ancestors of the [[House of Haleth|Haladin]], the second of the Three Houses of the [[Edain]] who led her people from East Beleriand to Brethil. They were a reclusive folk, dark-haired but smaller in stature than the [[House of Bëor|Bëorians]] or the [[House of Hador|Hadorians]]. They kept separate from the other Men. Their language was different from the ones that used by the other Edain.

After the fall of [[Beleriand]], the survivors went to [[Númenor]] but those who didn't cross the [[Ered Luin]] settled upon either side of the [[Gwathló]] or in the [[White Mountains|Ered Nimrais]]. In the First Age, the [[Drúedain]] lived among them and shared close relationship, more than with any other race of men.

=== Númenórean contact ===
In ancient times the peoples who were the ancestors of the Dunlendings ranged over much future [[Gondor]] and [[Eriador]], and dwelt in the forests of the shorelands; especially those in Minhiriath, were (as later [[Gondorian]] historians recognized) akin to the Folk of Haleth. The Númenóreans treated them ruthlessly and devastated their forests. They became bitter enemies of the [[West]] ever since.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>

During the advance of the Númenóreans, many people overcame their fear of the Elves and fled from [[Minhiriath]] into the dark woods of the great Cape of [[Eryn Vorn]]. Those from [[Enedhwaith]] took refuge in the eastern mountains that would become [[Dunland]].<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> Offshoots of these peoples survived in isolated places like the White Mountains (the [[Oathbreakers]] are akin to the ancient Dunlendings). The [[Men of Bree]] are another offshoot of the Dunlendings, who moved even further north until they reached what became the [[Bree-land]], and were absorbed into [[Arnor]].

Even so, the hostility of the Dunlendings prevented the [[Realms in Exile]] to populate permanent settlements in Enedhwaith.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #76</ref>

Some of the [[Pre-Númenóreans]] were absorbed into the population of Gondor, and some stayed in the White Mountains. There are few records of the [[Dunlendish|Dunlending language]], due to their lack of a written history and poor oral tradition.

They remained unaffected, independent and even unfriendly to the Dúnedain, holding their own manners and [[Dunlendish]] language<ref name="lang">{{App|Languages}}</ref>. However the Dunlendings also remained hostile to those with [[Orc]]-blood<ref>{{UT|Hunt}}</ref>. The Dunlendings also dwelled alongside the [[Stoors|Stoor]] Hobbits during their [[Wandering Days]] and the latter even formed a related language to theirs.<ref name="lang"/>

The Dunlendings suffered from the [[Great Plague]] less than other peoples owing to their isolation<ref name="lang"/> and were still found in the foothills of the Misty Mountains. By the time of the [[Ruling Stewards]] they ceased to be subjects of Gondor and, being surrounded by barbarous folk<ref name="GC">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>, they moved to settle the region of [[Calenardhon]] as Gondor ceased to man the garrisons during the [[Watchful Peace]].<ref name="Isen">{{UT|Isen}}</ref>

=== Arrival of the Rohirrim ===
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Dunlendings.jpg|thumb|right|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dunlendings'']]

In {{TA|2510}}, Calenardhon passed to the Northern [[Eotheod]] who came from [[Rhovanion]] and the wild hillmen and herd-folk who the Dunlendings viewed as competitors and usurpers. [[Kings of Rohan|Kings]] [[Brego]] and [[Aldor]] drove the Dunlendings out of [[Rohan]] beyond the Isen until Enedhwaith. As the ensuing enmity did not concern the [[Stewards of Gondor]], the Dunlendings kept hostilities to the [[Rohirrim]] and attacked whenever the latter were weak or in trouble<ref name="Isen"/>.

After the death of King Aldor, and as [[Isengard]] became more friendly to them, the Dunlendings passed and settled northern [[Westfold]], the mountain glens around the Ring, and southern eaves of [[Fangorn Forest]], becoming openly hostile.<ref name="Isen"/> This allowed the two peoples to mingle in some peaceful circumstances; and the dark-haired Landlord [[Freca]] was said to have Dunlendish blood<ref name="Mark">{{App|Mark}}</ref> But the Dunlendings began raiding over the Isen during the reign of King [[Déor]], and when it became clear that the raiders were coming from near Isengard, in {{TA|2710}} Déor led an expedition to the north. He found and defeated a host of Dunlendings, but discovered that Isengard was held by hostile forces. He was unable to drive them out as [[Egalmoth (Steward of Gondor)|Steward Egalmoth]] could not send help.<ref name="Isen"/>

The worst of these incidents was when Freca's son, [[Wulf]], allied with the [[Corsairs of Umbar]] who were in turn stirred by Sauron, keeping safe his properties at [[Adorn]]. Joining his kin from outside of Rohan with enemies of Gondor that had landed in the mouths of [[Lefnui]] and Isen, Rohan was invaded from the East, the Isen and Isengard, and finally Wulf took [[Edoras]] in {{TA|2758}}. Gondor, fighting Corsair fleets, could not help<ref name="Mark"/> as the people of Rohan survived the crisis due to the leadership of King [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]], the usurping Dunlendings were reduced after the [[Long Winter]] and finished off by [[Fréaláf]]. The Rohirrim now kept a strong force in north Westfold.<ref name="Isen"/>

Eventually many Dunlendings were found later in the Westfold of Rohan, until [[Folcwine]], aided by Gondor, reconquered it.<ref name="Mark"/> But the people remaining between [[Isen]] and [[Adorn]] were largely of mixed blood, and not loyal to Edoras.<ref name="Isen"/>

The Dunlendings were employed by the [[wizard]] [[Saruman]] to attack and raid the cities and settlements of Rohan. Since [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] had corrupted the mind of King [[Théoden]], the fighting men of the Rohirrim were absent for the most part. As a result, the Dunlendings easily overpowered the old men and young boys who remained.

Wild Men were also present at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] (Battle of Helm's Deep), as well as [[Half-orcs]], derived from [[Orcs]] and the [[Men]] of Dunland. The fighting was vicious, but the Dunlendings surrendered after [[Gandalf]] appeared. In contrast, the Orcs fled into the forest of [[Fangorn Forest|Fangorn]] and were destroyed by [[Huorns]].

[[Saruman]]'s defeat at Isengard put a stop to Dunlending aggression in Rohan. However, [[The Scouring of the Shire]] by Saruman, under the alias of [[Sharkey]], was carried out with the backing of a considerable number of Dunlendings.

== Names ==

A [[Sindarin]] name for the Dunlendings was ''Gwathuirim'' (''[[gwathui]]'' "shadowy" + ''[[rim]]'' "people").<ref name=n76>{{PM|XNotes}}, #76)</ref><ref>[http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en-strict.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] (accessed 31 December 2010)</ref>

==Inspiration==
It is possible that the rivalry between the primitive Dunlendings and the blond-haired, pseudo-Anglo-Saxon Rohirrim who migrated into the lands neighboring them was meant by Tolkien to be analagous to the real life conflicts that arose between the Anglo-Saxons in England and neighboring [[Celtic]] peoples.

This is supported by the fact that placenames of [[Bree-land]] like [[Bree]], [[Archet]] and [[Combe]] are Celtic. The [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[Hobbits]] (who had stayed long in [[Dunland]]), have Celtic elements in their names. Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England.

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Dunlendings|Images of Dunlendings]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Dunlendings| ]]
[[category:Servants of Saruman]]
[[de:Dunländer]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:dunlendings]]
[[fi:Mustainmaalaiset]]

Talk:House of Haleth

2019-12-01T11:18:13Z

BlackBear: /* Hair color */

At the moment, links to this article are split pretty evenly between ''House of Haleth'' (and derivatives) and ''Haladin''. On the one hand, I think they're most commonly referred to as the Haladin, on the other House of Haleth maintains consistency with [[House of Bëor]] and [[House of Hador]]. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 14:23, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

== Hair color ==

Man of Bree have brown hair. Why does this page say that they have dark hair?
:In most contexts, "dark" refers to anywhere from medium-brown to black, as opposed to "fair," which is very, very light blond to very, very light brown. And please don't forget to sign your talks with four tildes, like this "~ ~ ~ ~" without the spaces. --{{User:Holdwine Meriadoc/sig}} 18:18, 30 November 2019 (UTC)

I understand that the Men of Bree have brown hair, that is, they can have all shades of brown hair, which means they can have light brown hair. Light brown hair is not dark. Even the Silmarillion says that the Men of the House of Bëor have dark or brown hair, that is, for the Professor, these colors were different. Maybe I don’t understand something? Explain, please)

Talk:House of Haleth

2019-12-01T10:03:29Z

BlackBear: /* Hair color */

2019-11-30T18:01:26Z

BlackBear: /* Hair color */ new section