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The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)

2025-04-29T06:36:26Z

Bubonicfred: Update official link in info box to bring in line with link in external links

{{disambig-more|The Lord of the Rings|[[The Lord of the Rings (disambiguation)]]}}{{film infobox
| image = The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - poster.jpg
| caption =
| name=The Lord of the Rings
| director=[[Ralph Bakshi]]
| producer=[[Saul Zaentz]]
| writer=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (original novel) [[Peter S. Beagle]] (screenplay) Chris Conkling (screenplay)
| narrator=
| starring=[[Christopher Guard]] [[John Hurt]] [[Michael Scholes]] [[William Squire]]
| music=[[Leonard Rosenman]] Paul Kont
| cinematography=Timothy Galfas
| editing=Donald W. Ernst Peter Kirby
| distributor=[[United Artists]] (theatrical release) [[Warner Bros.]] (home video)
| released=[[15 November|November 15]], [[1978]]
| runtime=132 minutes
| country=USA
| language=English
| budget= $4 million
| website=[https://www.bakshistudio.com/lord-of-the-rings Official website]
| imdb_id=0077869
}}
'''''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings''''' is an animated film directed by [[Ralph Bakshi]], and released to theaters in 1978. It was an adaptation of the first half of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Bakshi's most ambitious effort (and his most famous after his animated adaptation of the underground comic ''Fritz the Cat''), the film was produced by [[Saul Zaentz]]'s Fantasy Films, and distributed to theaters by United Artists.

==Synopsis==
Long ago, in the early years of the [[Second Age]], the great Elven-smiths forged Rings of Power — Nine for mortal [[Men]], Seven for the [[Dwarves|Dwarf-lords]], and three for the fair [[Elves|Elf-rulers]]. But then, the Dark Lord [[Sauron]] learned the craft of ring-making and made the Master Ring — [[The One Ring]] to rule them all. With the One Ring, [[Middle-earth]] is his and he cannot be overcome. As the last alliance of Men and Elves fell beneath his power, the Ring fell into the hands of Prince [[Isildur]] of the mighty kings from across the sea. However, he did not destroy the ring, and, because of this, the spirit of Sauron lived on and began to take shape and grow again.

The Ring had a will of its own, and had a way of slipping from hand to hand, so that it might at last get back to its master. The Ring lay in the bottom of a lake for thousands of years. During those years, Sauron captured the nine Rings that were made for Men and turned their owners into the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] - terrible shadows under his great shadow who roamed the world searching for the One Ring.

The Ring, meanwhile, was found by two friends. One of them, [[Gollum|Sméagol]], was so enticed by the Ring's power that he killed his friend [[Déagol]] to get it. Sméagol possessed the Ring for hundreds of years, during which it warped him into a twisted, gurgling wretch known only as Gollum, until his "Precious" was discovered (some might say stolen) by the hobbit [[Bilbo Baggins]].

Several years later, in a land called [[the Shire]], Bilbo is celebrating his 111th (or eleventy-first, as it is called) birthday, on the same day that his nephew [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] celebrates his 33rd birthday (his "coming of age"). During his speech, Bilbo slips the Ring on, and confusion arises as the party notices that their host has suddenly disappeared into thin air!

[[Gandalf]] the wizard, however, knows the truth behind this act. In Bilbo's hobbit hole, Gandalf tells him to leave the Ring for Frodo, but Bilbo seems unwilling to give it up. He does, finally, agree to do so, and leaves the Shire.

Gandalf realizes that the "magic" ring is in fact the One Ring forged by Sauron, the evil lord. He knows the Shire is in danger - soon Sauron will learn that the Ring is in the possession of a Baggins and send his "wraiths" after him. Heeding Gandalf's advice, Frodo leaves his home, taking the Ring with him. He hopes to reach [[Rivendell]], where he will be safe from Sauron, and where those wiser than him can decide what to do about the Ring. In his journey, he is accompanied by three hobbit friends, [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. From the start, they are pursued by Black Riders (Sauron's Ringwraiths or Nazgûl). Narrowly escaping these and other dangers and meeting other interesting characters en route, they eventually come to [[Bree]], where they meet [[Aragorn|Strider]] (who ultimately reveals himself to be Aragorn, heir to the Throne of [[Gondor]]), another friend of Gandalf who leads them the rest of the way to Rivendell through further hardships. Frodo is stabbed upon the mountain of [[Weathertop]] by the [[Witch-king|chief of the Nazgûl]], with a "[[Morgul-knife|Morgul blade]]" — as part of the knife stays inside him, he gets sicker on the rest of the journey.

At Rivendell, Frodo meets his uncle Bilbo whom he had not seen since he left Hobbiton years before; Bilbo seems much older and weaker, and, for a terrible moment, is once again held in sway of the Ring. Bilbo, Gandalf, and others argue about what should be done with the One Ring. Finally, Frodo stands up, and willfully volunteers to go to [[Mordor]], where the Ring can be destroyed. Frodo sets forth from Rivendell with eight companions: two Men, [[Aragorn]] and [[Boromir]], son of the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward]] of the land of [[Gondor]]; an [[Elves|Elven]] prince, [[Legolas]]; Frodo's old friend and powerful wizard, Gandalf; [[Gimli]] the [[Dwarves|Dwarf]]; and Frodo's original three hobbit companions. These Nine Walkers were chosen to represent all the free races of Middle-earth and as a balance to the Nine Riders.

Their attempt to cross the [[Misty Mountains]] is foiled by heavy snow, so they are forced to take a path under the mountains via [[Moria]], an ancient Dwarf kingdom, now full of [[Orcs]] and other evil creatures, where Gandalf falls into the abyss after battling a [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]].
The remaining eight members of the Fellowship then spend some time in the Elf-haven of [[Lothlórien]], where they receive [[Gifts of Galadriel|gifts]] from the Elf queen [[Galadriel]] that in many cases prove useful later in the quest. They leave Lórien by river, but Frodo begins to realize the Ring is having a malevolent effect on some members of the party - especially Boromir, who tries to take the Ring from Frodo. In the process, Frodo puts it on to escape him. Later, Boromir is killed by Orcs while trying to defend Merry and Pippin, whom the Orcs capture.

Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas, tracking Merry and Pippin, come across the [[Rohirrim|Riders of Rohan]] who tell them that they attacked the Orcs the previous night and left no survivors.

However, Aragorn is able to find small prints and they follow these into [[Fangorn Forest]], where they meet a white wizard who they at first believe to be [[Saruman]], but who turns out to be their wizard friend Gandalf, whom they believed had perished in the mines of Moria. He tells them of his fall into the abyss, his battle to the death with the Balrog and his reawakening.

The four ride to Rohan's capital, [[Edoras]], and persuade King [[Théoden]] that his people are in danger. In the process, Saruman's agent in Edoras, [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]], who had been keeping Théoden subdued and weak for years, is expelled from the city. Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas then travel to the defensive fortification [[Helm's Deep]] while Gandalf goes north in search of [[Éomer]]'s men in the north of [[Rohan]] to bring as reinforcements.

Hobbits Merry and Pippin escape from the Orcs who captured them when the orcs themselves are attacked by the Riders of Rohan. Merry and Pippin head into nearby Fangorn Forest where they encounter [[Treebeard]], a treelike giant known as an [[Ents|Ent]]. These guardians of the forest generally keep to themselves, but are moved to oppose the menace posed to the trees by the wizard Saruman.

At Helm's Deep, Théoden's forces resist an onslaught of Orcs and Men sent by Saruman, and Gandalf arrives the next morning with the Riders of Rohan just in time. The fleeing orcs run into a forest of [[Huorns]] — creatures halfway between tree and Ent — and none escape. Aragorn, Gimli, Legolas, Gandalf and the army of Rohan then head to Saruman's stronghold at [[Isengard]].

Meanwhile, Frodo and Sam discover Gollum stalking them as they try to reach [[Mount Doom]] to destroy the One Ring. Gollum hopes to reclaim the Ring. Sam loathes and distrusts him, but Frodo pities him, and so lets him live in return for guidance to Mount Doom. Gollum promises to lead them to a secret entrance to Mordor. Gollum, who is briefly torn between keeping his word to Frodo and reclaiming his "Precious," is ominously overheard to say "[[Shelob|''she'']] might help us..." as he leads Frodo and Sam to [[Cirith Ungol]].

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Voice Actor !! Role
|-
| [[Christopher Guard]] || [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]
|-
| [[William Squire]] || [[Gandalf]]
|-
| [[Michael Scholes]] || [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]
|-
| [[John Hurt]] || [[Aragorn]]
|-
| [[Simon Chandler]] || [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]]
|-
| [[Dominic Guard]] || [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]
|-
| [[Norman Bird]] || [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]
|-
| [[Michael Graham Cox]] || [[Boromir]]
|-
| [[Anthony Daniels]] || [[Legolas]]
|-
| [[David Buck]] || [[Gimli]]
|-
| [[Peter Woodthorpe]] || [[Gollum]]
|-
| [[Fraser Kerr]] || [[Saruman]]
|-
| [[Philip Stone]] || [[Théoden]]
|-
| [[Michael Deacon]] || [[Gríma|Wormtongue]]
|-
| [[André Morell]] || [[Elrond]]
|-
| [[Alan Tilvern]] || [[Barliman Butterbur|Innkeeper]]
|-
| [[Annette Crosbie]] || [[Galadriel]]
|-
| [[John Westbrook]] || [[Treebeard]]
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Character Actor !! Role
|-
| John A. Neris || [[Gandalf]] (character actor)
|-
| [[Sharon Baird]] || [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] (character actor)
|-
| Michael Lee Gogin || Character Actor
|-
| Paul Gale || Character Actor
|-
| Patrick Sullivan Burke || Character Actor
|-
| [[Billy Barty]] || [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] (character actor)
|-
| Donn Whyte || Character Actor
|-
| Trey Wilson || Character Actor
|-
| Albert Ash (Albert Cirimele) || Character Actor
|-
| Patty Maloney || Character Actor
|-
| Jere Rae Mansfield (Jeri Lea Ray) || Character Actor
|-
| Felix Silla || Character Actor
|-
| Mike Clifford || Character Actor
|-
| Larry Larsen || Character Actor
|-
| Art Hern || Character Actor
|-
| David Dotson || Character Actor
|-
| Tommy Madden || Character Actor
|-
| Gary Jensen || Character Actor
|-
| Aesop Aquarian || Character Actor
|-
| Santy Josol || Character Actor
|-
| Stan Barrett || Character Actor
|-
| John L. || Character Actor
|-
| Herbie Braha (Herb Braha) || Character Actor
|-
| Sam Laws || Character Actor
|-
| Hank Calia || Character Actor
|-
| Terry Leonard || Character Actor
|-
| Frank Delfino || Character Actor
|-
| Peter Looney || Character Actor
|-
| Russ Earnest || Character Actor
|-
| Dennis Madalone || Character Actor
|-
| Louis Elias || Character Actor
|-
| Robert 'Big Buck' Maffei (Buck Maffei) || Character Actor
|-
| Edoardo Faieta (Eddy Fay) || Character Actor
|-
| Jerry Maren || Character Actor
|-
| Carmen Filpi || Character Actor
|-
| Harry Monty || Character Actor
|-
| Ruth Gay || Character Actor
|-
| Frank Morson || Character Actor
|-
| Leonard P. Geer (Lenny Gear) || Character Actor
|-
| Walter Robles (Walt Robles) || Character Actor
|-
| Harriett Gibson || Character Actor
|-
| Mic Rodgers || Character Actor
|-
| Bob Haney || Character Actor
|-
| Angelo Rossitto || Character Actor
|-
| Chuck Hayward || Character Actor
|-
| Peter Risch (Pete Risch) || Character Actor
|-
| Eddie Hice (Eddy Hice) || Character Actor
|-
| Jack Verbois || Character Actor
|-
| Loren Janes || Character Actor
|-
| Gregg Walker || Character Actor
|-
| Lucille Bliss (uncredited) || Character Actor
|-
| Mel Smith (uncredited) || Character Actor
|}

===Scenes===
# "Credits" (0:40)
# "[[Prologue: A Ring's Tale (1978 scene)|Prologue: A Ring's Tale]]" (3:41)
# "Bilbo's Farewell" (2:05)
# "Frodo's Quest" (6:24)
# "Saruman's Sorcery" (2:43)
# "Sinister Horseman" (4:19)
# "Inn at Bree" (3:52)
# "Aragorn's Vow" (3:54)
# "Black Riders Invade" (2:50)
# "Rider Swordsman" (4:19)
# "Cornered" (5:59)
# "Wall of Water" (2:39)
# "Gandalf's Update" (2:51)
# "Council of Elrond" (4:39)
# "Frodo's Quest Renewed" (2:19)
# "Change in Route" (2:40)
# "Grabbed at the Gateway" (2:44)
# "Inside the Mine" (3:04)
# "Under Siege" (3:51)
# "Balrog Strikes" (0:39)
# "[[Homage to Gandalf]]" (3:27)
# "Galadriel's Test" (3:05)
# "Borimir's Madness" ''(sic)'' (4:21)
# "[[Borimir's Sacrifice]]" ''(sic)'' (0:49)
# "[[Following the Orcs]]" (5:12)
# "Whiteskins Attack" (4:55)
# "The Gollum" (1:36)
# "Escape in Mid-battle" (4:38)
# "Treebeard" (3:24)
# "Back from the Abyss" (1:55)
# "Théoden of Rohan" (3:48)
# "Gollum Gets Touchy" (4:57)
# "The Orcs Advance" (4:42)
# "Cave Retreat" (4:36)
# "Two Weary Hobbits" (2:50)
# "Outnumbered" (2:05)
# "Gandalf Triumphant" (3:19)
# "End Credits" (2:34)

== Differences from the book ==
The movie makes a few deviations from the book, but overall follows Tolkien's narrative quite closely. Many parts of the novel explaining the transition from one part of the plot to another were omitted which makes the middle part of the movie somewhat difficult to follow, if the viewer is unfamiliar with the story.
* In the film's prologue it is suggested that the Elves created the 19 [[Rings of Power]] for their Kings, and for those of the Dwarves and Men. Sauron then ''learned'' the craft of ring-making ''after'' that. In the original story it is Sauron who teaches the Elven smiths this ability, and only after their defiance he distributed them to the Dwarves and Men.
* Another prologue deviation suggests that the Last Alliance of Men and Elves was losing the war, which contradicts the original story.
* As in Tolkien's novel, Saruman the White adopts the title "Saruman of Many Colours"; however, his robes are neither white nor multi-coloured, but red.
* Saruman is sometimes called "Aruman". It is believed that this name was derived to keep viewers from confusing the character with Sauron, but it is not done consistently.
* The film greatly condenses Frodo's journey from [[Bag End]] to [[Bree]]; for example, [[Crickhollow]], [[Brandy Hall]], the [[Old Forest]], and the [[Barrow-downs]] do not appear. [[Tom Bombadil]] also does not appear in the film.
* The scene where the Nazgûl arrive in the hobbits' room at [[The Prancing Pony]] and begin slashing at their beds only to find that they are not there, and pillows have been placed to form the figures of their bodies is not in the book. A passage does appear that states that hobbit beds wind up slashed during the night, but the townsfolk of Bree are the perpetrators, not the Nazgûl. This scene also appears in Jackson's version.
* Just as in Jackson's films, the [[Glorfindel|first elf]] which the hobbits and Aragorn encounter on their journey is changed—this time to [[Legolas]].
* [[Arwen]] does not appear, nor is she mentioned.
* Aragorn carries a broken sword (presumably [[Narsil]]) up to the Rivendell section of the story, where he presents it at the [[Council of Elrond]]. However, the sword's reforging into [[Andúril]] is never shown (or mentioned) in the film, even though Aragorn carries an unbroken blade for the remainder of the film.
* Gimli appears to be about the same height as the rest of the non-hobbits in the Fellowship.
* There is no mention of the Uruk-hai, or, at least, they are not at all differentiated from the regular Orcs.
* [[Éowyn]] makes only a brief appearance and has no spoken dialogue.
* While [[Éomer]] is mentioned, he is never officially identified (thus, he also has no spoken dialogue). Also, as in the Jackson films, it is ''he'' and his forces with whom Gandalf arrives near the end of the Battle of Helm's Deep instead of [[Erkenbrand]]'s.
* [[Faramir]] does not appear, nor is he mentioned.
* The "Fires of Isengard" appear as magical projectiles.

== Production ==
===Animation===
Much of the film used live-action footage which was then rotoscoped to produce an animated look [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/biography/images/38.html] [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/biography/images/39.html]. This saved production costs and arguably gave the animated characters a more realistic look. For the live-action portion of the production, Bakshi and his cast and crew arrived in Spain where the rotoscope models acted out their parts in costume. The actions of [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] were performed by [[Billy Barty]]. [[Sharon Baird]] performed the part of [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and John A. Neris was Gandalf. [http://books.google.com/books?id=fTI1yeZd-tkC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=%22aesop+aquarian%22+%22billy+barty%22+%22sharon+baird%22&source=web&ots=C5jvDP0VA9&sig=_W2bXiWtu0mfcOJYZOxMBjapJR8&hl=nl&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result]

Of the rotoscoping, Bakshi said "I didn't start thinking about shooting the film totally in live action until I saw it really start to work so well. I learned lots of things about the process, like rippling. One scene, some figures were standing on a hill and a big gust of wind came up and the shadows moved back and forth on the clothes and it was unbelievable in animation. I don't think I could get the feeling of cold on the screen without showing snow or an icicle on some guy's nose. The characters have weight and they move correctly."

"Making two pictures (the live action reference and the actual animated feature) in two years is crazy. Most directors when they finish editing, they are finished; we were just starting. I got more than I expected. The crew is young. The crew loves it. If the crew loves it, it's usually a great sign. They aren't older animators trying to snow me for jobs next year."[http://www.jimhillmedia.com/article_printer.php?id=768]

Following the live-action shoot, each frame of the live footage was then broken down into individual frames, and then printed out, and placed behind animation cels. The details of each frame were copied and painted onto cels. Both the live-action and animated sequences were storyboarded. [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/gallery/displayimage.php?album=5&pos=20] [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/gallery/displayimage.php?album=5&pos=10] [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/gallery/displayimage.php?album=5&pos=11]

===Voice cast===
After finishing in Spain, Bakshi went to the [[BBC]]'s recording studios in London. He cast several stars - William Squire, John Hurt - and used several of the BBC Repertory Company's stock actors, like Peter Woodthorpe, Anthony Daniels, Norman Bird and Michael Graham Cox. The actors recorded the lines with each other, but were required to pause for two seconds after each line, to smoothen the recording. This caused some stilted dialogue in the finished product [http://www.anthonydaniels.com/qa/index.html].

==Reception==
The film was originally intended to be distributed as '''''The Lord of the Rings, Part One''''', but United Artists dropped the "Part One" from the title, believing moviegoers would not pay full ticket prices to see half a movie. Says Ralph Bakshi: "United Artists at that time was terrified to say 'Part One.' I remember sitting in meetings screaming my head off saying, 'You can't do this!' Had it said 'Part One,' I think everyone would have respected it. But because it didn't say 'Part One,' everyone came in expecting to see the entire three books, and that's where the confusion comes in" [http://www.tolkiengesellschaft.de/v4/alleszutolkien/filme/bakshi/bakshisoutingheute.shtml]. In interviews, Bakshi sometimes referred to the film as ''The Lord of the Rings, Part One.''

Critics were generally mixed in their responses to the film. Roger Ebert called Bakshi's effort a "mixed blessing" and "an entirely respectable, occasionally impressive job ... [which] still falls far short of the charm and sweep of the original story." Vincent Canby of the ''New York Times'' called the film "both numbing and impressive". Film website Rotten Tomatoes, which compiles reviews from a wide range of critics, gives the film a score of 50.

Despite criticism, the film grossed $30,471,420 at the box office [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lordoftherings78.htm] (the budget was $8 million), but United Artists, who believed the film to be a flop, refused to fund a sequel which would have completed Tolkien's story on film.

==Follow-up==
In light of the theatrical ''The Lord of the Rings, Part Two'' adaptation being scrapped, a means of "finishing" Tolkien's story and making it more complete for audiences then inadvertently fell on the [[Rankin/Bass]] animation studio (fresh on the heels of the success of its previous [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|TV adaptation of ''The Hobbit'']]) in producing an animated TV special based on the [[The Return of the King|final part]] of ''The Lord of the Rings''. Their adaptation of ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'' finished the story and answered most of the questions raised by Bakshi's animated film. Despite this, several unresolved story developments between the ending of ''The Lord of the Rings'' and the beginning of ''The Return of the King'' were left unexplained, especially the Ents' march on Isengard (along with Merry eventually taking up with the Army of Rohan, and Gandalf and Pippin's subsequent journey to Gondor), the betrayal of Frodo by Gollum, and the attack of [[Shelob]] the monster spider-creature on Frodo and Sam. It should be noted, however, that production for this Rankin/Bass follow-up had begun even before their version of ''The Hobbit'' had originally aired (let alone before Bakshi's theatrical film had premiered)[http://www.nytimes.com/1977/11/27/books/tolkien-hobbitani.html?_r=0], so Rankin/Bass can't be entirely blamed for this flaw in continuity.

[[Warner Bros.]] (the rights holder to the post-1974 Rankin/Bass library and most of the Saul Zaentz theatrical backlog) has released ''The Hobbit,'' ''The Lord of the Rings,'' and ''The Return of the King'' on home video (VHS, DVD and Blu-ray). Both of these films are packaged separately and they are placed as a boxed-set "trilogy" of films.

== External links ==
* {{WP|The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)}}
* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0077869/ The Lord of the Rings] at [http://www.imdb.com/ IMDb]
* [https://www.bakshistudio.com/lord-of-the-rings''The Lord of the Rings''] on [[Ralph Bakshi]]'s website
* ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cr_rb_pitHk&t=1302s An Exhaustive History of Ralph Bakshi's Lord of the Rings]'' by Dan Olson
* [http://www.cedmagic.com/featured/tolkien/lord-of-the-rings.html Screen captures from the laserdisc edition]
* ''[http://flyingmoose.org/tolksarc/bakshi/bakshi.htm Ralph Bakshi's Lord of the Rings, Part One: A Critique]'' - a humorous critique of the film
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==Licensing==
{{Copyright-commission|artist=[[Ralph Damiani]]|owner=[[Steven Gibb]]|artistweb=[https://ralphdamiani.artstation.com Artstation]|ownerweb=[https://www.youtube.com/@TheRedBook YouTube Channel]|permission=Steven Gibb}}
[[Category:Images by Ralph Damiani]]
[[Category:Images of Rings of Power]]
[[Category:Images of Sauron]]

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Bubonicfred:

{{disambig-more|Third Age|[[Third Age (disambiguation)]]}}
{{sources}}
{{History of Arda}}

{{quote|The Third Age came to its end in the War of the Ring; but the Fourth Age was not held to have begun until Master Elrond departed, and the time was come for the dominion of Men and the decline of all other ‘speaking-peoples’ in Middle-earth.|[[Appendix B|''Appendix B: The Tale of Years]]''<ref>{{App|B}}, p. 1082</ref>}}
[[File:Quentin Lowagie - Arda in the Third Age.png|250px|thumb|left|''Arda in the Third Age'' by [[:Category:Images by Quentin Lowagie|Quentin Lowagie]]]]
The '''Third Age''', often abbreviated to '''T.A.''', began after the first downfall of [[Sauron]], when he was defeated by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] following the downfall of [[Númenor]].

This age was characterized by the rise and decline of the exiled Númenorean kingdoms, in contrast to the slow recovery of Sauron's power. In the meantime the [[Elves]], [[Dwarves]] and other peoples did little new; also known as the '''Fading Years''', the [[Age]] marked the waning of the [[Elves]].

It lasted for 3021 years, only ending after the defeat of Sauron had finally and utterly been achieved by destroying his [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]]. With the One Ring gone, the power of three rings waned and the realms that had been preserved by them began to fade. These events prompted many of the [[Eldar]] remaining in [[Middle-earth]] to sail for the [[Uttermost West]], and so much memory and beauty were lost to Middle-earth for ever. After the [[Last Riding of the Keepers of the Rings]], the [[Fourth Age]] began.

== Major events of the Third Age ==
{| rules="all" style="border:1px solid darkgrey; border-collapse:collapse" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
!
! style="text-align:center" |Military<ref group=note>Only wars and isolated battles are mentioned as events; for battles being part of larger campaigns, look the campaigns' respective articles</ref>
! style="text-align:center" |Political
! style="text-align:center" |Other
|-
!|1st millennium
|
*[[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]] ([[Third Age 2|2]])
|
*Division of [[Arnor]] ([[Third Age 861|861]])
|
*Arrival of the [[Wizards]] (c. 1000)
|-
!|2nd millennium
|
*[[Angmar War]] ([[Third Age 1409|1409]]-[[Third Age 1974|1974]])
*[[Kin-strife]] ([[Third Age 1432|1432]]-[[Third Age 1447|1447]])
*[[Corsair Wars]] ([[Third Age 1448|1448]]-[[Third Age 3019|3019]])
*[[Wainrider/Balchoth War]] ([[Third Age 1851|1851]]-[[Third Age 2510|2510]])
|
*Founding of the [[Shire]] ([[Third Age 1601|1601]])
*Dissolution of Arnor ([[Third Age 1974|1974]])
*Evacuation of [[Moria]] ([[Third Age 1981|1981]])
*[[Thráin I]] establishes the Kingdom of [[Erebor]] ([[Third Age 1999|1999]])
|
*[[Great Plague]] ([[Third Age 1635|1635]])
|-
!|3rd millennium
|
*[[Second Fall of Minas Ithil]] ([[Third Age 2002|2002]])
*[[Ruin of Osgiliath]] ([[Third Age 2475|2475]])
*[[War of the Dwarves and Dragons]] ([[Third Age 2570|2570]]-[[Third Age 2589|2589]])
*[[Battle of Greenfields]] ([[Third Age 2747|2747]])
*[[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] ([[Third Age 2793|2793]])
*[[Attack on Dol Guldur]] ([[Third Age 2941|2941]])
*[[Battle of Five Armies]] ([[Third Age 2941|2941]])
|
*Death of [[Earnur]] and end of Kingship of [[Gondor]] ([[Third Age 2050|2050]])
*[[Thorin I]] leaves Erebor and joins the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] ([[Third Age 2210|2210]])
*[[Oath of Cirion|Founding]] of [[Rohan]] ([[Third Age 2510|2510]])
*[[Thrór]] re-establishes Erebor ([[Third Age 2590|2590]])
*[[Saruman]] occupies [[Orthanc]] ([[Third Age 2759|2759]])
*[[Sack of Erebor]] ([[Third Age 2770|2770]])
*Dwarves establish [[Thorin's Halls]] ([[Third Age 2802|2802]])
*Restoration of [[Kingdom Under the Mountain|Erebor]] ([[Third Age 2941|2941]])
*Establishent of the [[Kingdom of Dale]] ([[Third Age 2944|2944]])
*[[Balin's Colony]] of Moria ([[Third Age 2989|2989]]-[[Third Age 2994|2994]])
|
*[[Watchful Peace]] ([[Third Age 2063|2063]])
*[[The One Ring]] is found (c. [[Third Age 2463|2463]])
*[[Long Winter]] ([[Third Age 2758|2758]])
*[[Fell Winter (Third Age)]] ([[Third Age 2911|2911]])
|-
!|4th millennium
|
*[[War of the Ring]] ([[Third Age 3018|3018]]-[[Third Age 3019|3019]])
|
*Return of the King and the [[Reunited Kingdom]] ([[Third Age 3019|3019]])
|
*[[Quest of the Ring]] ([[Third Age 3018|3018]]-[[Third Age 3019|3019]])
*Departure of the [[White Ship]] and end of the Third Age ([[Third Age 3021|3021]])
|}

== See also ==
* [[Timeline/Third Age|Timeline of the Third Age]]
* ''[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''

== External links ==
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/09/23/when-did-the-third-age-end-in-our-calendar/ When Did the Third Age End in Our Calendar?] by [[Michael Martinez]]

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Ages|3]]
[[Category:Third Age| ]]
[[de:Drittes Zeitalter]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/troisieme age]]

[[fi:Kolmas Aika]]

User:Bubonicfred/sandbox

2025-04-29T05:02:27Z

Bubonicfred: Created page with "{{disambig-more|Third Age|Third Age (disambiguation)}} {{sources}} {{History of Arda}} {{quote|The Third Age came to its end in the War of the Ring; but the Fourth Age was not held to have begun until Master Elrond departed, and the time was come for the dominion of Men and the decline of all other ‘speaking-peoples’ in Middle-earth.|''Appendix B: The Tale of Years''<ref>{{App|B}}, p. 1082</ref>}} File:Quentin Lowagie - Arda in the Third Age.png|..."

{{disambig-more|Third Age|[[Third Age (disambiguation)]]}}
{{sources}}
{{History of Arda}}
{{quote|The Third Age came to its end in the War of the Ring; but the Fourth Age was not held to have begun until Master Elrond departed, and the time was come for the dominion of Men and the decline of all other ‘speaking-peoples’ in Middle-earth.|[[Appendix B|''Appendix B: The Tale of Years]]''<ref>{{App|B}}, p. 1082</ref>}}
[[File:Quentin Lowagie - Arda in the Third Age.png|250px|thumb|left|''Arda in the Third Age'' by [[:Category:Images by Quentin Lowagie|Quentin Lowagie]]]]
The '''Third Age''', often abbreviated to '''T.A.''', began after the first downfall of [[Sauron]], when he was defeated by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] following the downfall of [[Númenor]].

This age was characterized by the rise and decline of the exiled Númenorean kingdoms, in contrast to the slow recovery of Sauron's power. In the meantime the [[Elves]], [[Dwarves]] and other peoples did little new; also known as the '''Fading Years''', the [[Age]] marked the waning of the [[Elves]].

It lasted for 3021 years, only ending after the defeat of Sauron had finally and utterly been achieved by destroying his [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]]. With the One Ring gone, the power of three rings waned and the realms that had been preserved by them began to fade. These events prompted many of the [[Eldar]] remaining in [[Middle-earth]] to sail for the [[Uttermost West]], and so much memory and beauty were lost to Middle-earth for ever. After the [[Last Riding of the Keepers of the Rings]], the [[Fourth Age]] began.

== Major events of the Third Age ==
{| rules="all" style="border:1px solid darkgrey; border-collapse:collapse" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
!
! style="text-align:center" |Military<ref group=note>Only wars and isolated battles are mentioned as events; for battles being part of larger campaigns, look the campaigns' respective articles</ref>
! style="text-align:center" |Political
! style="text-align:center" |Other
|-
!|1st millennium
|
*[[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]] ([[Third Age 2|2]])
|
*Division of [[Arnor]] ([[Third Age 861|861]])
|
*Arrival of the [[Wizards]] (c. 1000)
|-
!|2nd millennium
|
*[[Angmar War]] ([[Third Age 1409|1409]]-[[Third Age 1974|1974]])
*[[Kin-strife]] ([[Third Age 1432|1432]]-[[Third Age 1447|1447]])
*[[Corsair Wars]] ([[Third Age 1448|1448]]-[[Third Age 3019|3019]])
*[[Wainrider/Balchoth War]] ([[Third Age 1851|1851]]-[[Third Age 2510|2510]])
|
*Founding of the [[Shire]] ([[Third Age 1601|1601]])
*Dissolution of Arnor ([[Third Age 1974|1974]])
*Evacuation of [[Moria]] ([[Third Age 1981|1981]])
*[[Thráin I]] establishes the Kingdom of [[Erebor]] ([[Third Age 1999|1999]])
|
*[[Great Plague]] ([[Third Age 1635|1635]])
|-
!|3rd millennium
|
*[[Second Fall of Minas Ithil]] ([[Third Age 2002|2002]])
*[[Ruin of Osgiliath]] ([[Third Age 2475|2475]])
*[[War of the Dwarves and Dragons]] ([[Third Age 2570|2570]]-[[Third Age 2589|2589]])
*[[Battle of Greenfields]] ([[Third Age 2747|2747]])
*[[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] ([[Third Age 2793|2793]])
*[[Attack on Dol Guldur]] ([[Third Age 2941|2941]])
*[[Battle of Five Armies]] ([[Third Age 2941|2941]])
|
*Death of [[Earnur]] and end of Kingship of [[Gondor]] ([[Third Age 2050|2050]])
*[[Thorin I]] leaves Erebor and joins the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] ([[Third Age 2210|2210]])
*[[Oath of Cirion|Founding]] of [[Rohan]] ([[Third Age 2510|2510]])
*[[Thrór]] re-establishes Erebor ([[Third Age 2590|2590]])
*[[Saruman]] occupies [[Orthanc]] ([[Third Age 2759|2759]])
*[[Sack of Erebor]] ([[Third Age 2770|2770]])
*Dwarves establish [[Thorin's Halls]] ([[Third Age 2802|2802]])
*Restoration of [[Kingdom Under the Mountain|Erebor]] ([[Third Age 2941|2941]])
*Establishent of the [[Kingdom of Dale]] ([[Third Age 2944|2944]])
*[[Balin's Colony]] of Moria ([[Third Age 2989|2989]]-[[Third Age 2994|2994]])
|
*[[Watchful Peace]] ([[Third Age 2063|2063]])
*[[The One Ring]] is found (c. [[Third Age 2463|2463]])
*[[Long Winter]] ([[Third Age 2758|2758]])
*[[Fell Winter (Third Age)]] ([[Third Age 2911|2911]])
|-
!|4th millennium
|
*[[War of the Ring]] ([[Third Age 3018|3018]]-[[Third Age 3019|3019]])
|
*Return of the King and the [[Reunited Kingdom]] ([[Third Age 3019|3019]])
|
*[[Quest of the Ring]] ([[Third Age 3018|3018]]-[[Third Age 3019|3019]])
*Departure of the [[White Ship]] and end of the Third Age ([[Third Age 3021|3021]])
|}

== See also ==
* [[Timeline/Third Age|Timeline of the Third Age]]
* ''[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''

== External links ==
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/09/23/when-did-the-third-age-end-in-our-calendar/ When Did the Third Age End in Our Calendar?] by [[Michael Martinez]]

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Ages|3]]
[[Category:Third Age| ]]
[[de:Drittes Zeitalter]]
[[fr:encyclo/chronologie/troisieme age]]

[[fi:Kolmas Aika]]

Gates of Mordor

2025-04-27T09:51:07Z

Bubonicfred: Fix double redirect

#REDIRECT [[Black Gate]]

Gandalf

2025-04-27T09:46:50Z

Bubonicfred: /* Special equipment */ wikilink to Old Toby, minor copyedit

{{short description|Wizard of the Istari}}
{{disambig-more|Gandalf|[[Gandalf (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people-duplicated=[[Maiar|Maia]]
| name=Gandalf
| people=[[Maiar|Maia]] ([[Wizards|Wizard]])
| image=Matt Stewart - Gandalf - A Light in the Dark.jpg
| caption="A Light in the Dark" by [[:Category:Images by Matt Stewart|Matt Stewart]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Olórin'' [[Quenya|Q]] ''Mithrandir'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Incánus'' ([[Haradrim|H]]) ''Tharkûn'' ([[Khuzdul|K]]) ''([[#Other names|See below]])''
| titles=Guardian of the Third Age The Grey [[The White]] White Rider White Pilgrim
| position=
| location=No fixed abode
| affiliation=[[Five Guardians]], [[Order of Wizards]], [[White Council]], [[Thorin and Company]], [[Fellowship of the Ring]]
| language=[[Valarin]], [[Elvish]], [[Westron]], [[Hobbitish]]
| birth=[[Creation of the Ainur]]
| birthlocation=[[Timeless Halls]]
| rule=
| sailedwest=[[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| gender=Male
| height=5'6"<ref name="MB">{{HM|MB}}, p. 49</ref>
| hair=Long white, silver beard<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>
| eyes=Black that could become red
| clothing=Grey robes (later white), blue hat, grey scarf, black boots<ref name="Party"/>
| weapons=Staff [[Glamdring]] [[Narya]]
| steed=[[Shadowfax]]
}}
{{Quote|Gandalf was shorter in stature than the [[Elrond|other]] [[Glorfindel|two]]; but his long white hair, his sweeping silver beard, and his broad shoulders, made him look like some wise king of ancient legend. In his aged face under great snowy brows his eyes were set like coals that could suddenly burst into fire.|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Many Meetings]]"}}

'''Gandalf''' was one of the five [[Order of Wizards|Istari]] sent to [[Middle-earth]] by the [[Valar]] in the [[Third Age]]. In [[Valinor]] he was known as Olórin. Gandalf was instrumental in bringing about the demise of [[Sauron]] in {{TA|3019}}, chiefly by encouraging others and dispensing his wisdom at pivotal times. He was originally robed in grey, and second to [[Saruman]] in the Order of Wizards. After his fall in [[Moria]], Gandalf returned to Middle-earth as head of the Order, robed in white. He was noteworthy for his keen interest in [[Hobbits]].

==History==
===Early history===
[[File:Kip Rasmussen - Olorin in the Gardens of Lorien.jpg|thumb|left|''Olorin in the Gardens of Lorien'' by [[:Category:Images by Kip Rasmussen|Kip Rasmussen]]]]
The wisest of the [[Maiar]], Gandalf was created by [[Ilúvatar]] before the [[Music of the Ainur]].<ref name="Ainu">{{S|Ainu}}</ref> At the beginning of [[Time]], he was amongst the [[Ainur]] who entered into [[Eä]].<ref name="SVala">{{S|Vala}}</ref> In his "youth" he was known as '''''Olórin''''' and lived in [[Lórien (Valinor)|Lórien]]. Yet his ways often took him to Nienna, from whom he learned pity and patience.<ref name="vala">{{S|IIc}}, p. 316</ref> He became one of the [[Maiar]] who served [[Manwë]], [[Varda]], [[Irmo]], and [[Nienna]]. He was associated with light and fire, much like [[Varda]].

After the Valar discovered the primeval [[Elves]] at [[Cuiviénen]], Olórin was sent there as one of the [[Five Guardians]] to guard the Elves from the forces of [[Melkor]].<ref>{{NM|P1xiii}}, p. 95</ref> It is unclear how long he remained or if he accompanied the [[Eldar]] on the [[Great Journey]]. But it is said he loved the Elves, and throughout his early life, he walked [[Unseen]] among them, or wore a [[Fana]] that appeared like an Elf, and he sent them fair visions in their hearts that made them wiser. Throughout his existence, he followed the example of Nienna, taking pity on the sorrows of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] and driving those who listened to him out of despair.<ref name="vala" />

It is possible that Gandalf, as Olorin, came to Middle-earth in the Second Age. While Galadriel "dwelt now under the trees of Greenwood the Great" Olórin once had a conversation with her.<ref>{{UT|Elessar}}, p. 255</ref> It is possible that this was just after the year 1200, but it is said that "only those Wise could say who are now gone" could attest to the truth of this conversation.<ref>{{UT|Elessar}}, p. 268</ref>

===Third Age===
====Arrival in Middle-earth====
During the [[Third Age]], while [[Sauron|Sauron's]] 'dark spirit of malice' was increasing over [[Middle-earth]], the Valar chose the [[Istari]], missionaries from among the Maiar, to go to Middle-earth and help the [[Portal:Characters|peoples]]. [[Manwë]] selected Olórin, who, at first, did not wish to go, as he feared Sauron. However, Manwë said that it was all the more reason why he should go.<ref name="Istari">{{UT|13}}</ref> Furthermore, [[the One Ring]], the location of much of Sauron's power, presumably still existed somewhere in Middle-earth.

Olórin submitted to the will of Manwë and departed Valinor to [[Mithlond]] in the year {{TA|1000}}.<ref name="Istari" /> He arrived shortly after two other Istari, [[Curumo]] and [[Aiwendil]], at about the same time the [[Necromancer]] appeared in [[Mirkwood]]. Like the other Wizards, he took the shape of an old man. He was robed in grey.

At Mithlond, he was welcomed by [[Glorfindel]], his friend from Valinor who was sent to Middle-earth earlier on a similar mission, and [[Círdan]] the shipwright, who possessed [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings|Three]] Elven [[Rings of Power]]. Círdan divined in Olórin a sense of strength and power despite his appearance as a bent and aged old man. Círdan gave Narya to Olórin with a prediction of his future struggles with evil, and a promise that it would support and aid him in his labours. Then Círdan said "''But as for me, my heart is with the [[Belegaer|Sea]], and I will dwell by the grey shores until the last ship sails. I will await you.''"<ref name="ThirdAge">{{App|B2}}</ref>

[[File:John Howe - Gandalf the Grey.jpg|thumb|''Gandalf the Grey'' by [[John Howe]]]]
Gandalf then began his sojourn in Middle-earth, going about as a wanderer and counsellor. Unlike Saruman, Gandalf did not take up a single permanent residence. Gandalf never went to the [[east]]<ref name="TT Window p. 670">{{TT|Window}}, p. 670</ref> and apparently restricted his activities to the [[Westlands]] of Middle-earth, where the remnants of the [[Dúnedain]] and the [[Eldar]] remained to oppose Sauron. He was known by many names during the long years he remained in Middle-earth: Elves named him ''Mithrandir'', the Grey Pilgrim, while the men of [[Arnor]] named him '''Gandalf''', which became his most common name. He was also known as ''Incánus'' in the south, and ''Tharkûn'' to the [[Dwarves]].<ref name="Istari" />

A legend says that Gandalf was given the [[Elfstone]] of [[Eärendil]] by [[Yavanna]] to bring to the peoples of Middle-earth; this was to be a token that the Valar had not forsaken them. He gave it to [[Galadriel]], and remarked prophetically that she would in turn pass it to an individual who would also be called [[Aragorn|Elessar]].<ref>{{UT|6}}</ref>

====Early vigilance====
Around {{TA|1100}},<ref name="ThirdAge" /> the Istari and the Eldar discovered that some evil entity resided at [[Dol Guldur]] in Mirkwood. Dark shapes moved in the forest and evil began to multiply in the woods. Some thought a [[Nazgûl]] had returned to torment the world, or some new evil was arising. Gandalf was unsure, and feared that perhaps Sauron himself might have returned.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>
[[File:John Howe - Pass the Doors of Dol Guldur.jpg|thumb|left|''Pass the Doors of Dol Guldur'' by [[John Howe]]]]
Over the next two hundred years the evil continued to grow, as well as the source directing it. [[Orcs]] were multiplying in the [[Misty Mountains]] and elsewhere. The [[Witch-king]], the mightiest of the Nazgûl, had built a fortress in [[Angmar]] in the Northern wastelands and waged unending war against the Kingdom of [[Arnor]]. Meanwhile [[Moria]] and [[Minas Ithil]] fell under a shadow, while other wars, plagues, and catastrophes occurred across Middle-earth. Gandalf went to Dol Guldur in {{TA|2063|n}} to discover its secret.<ref name="ThirdAge" /> An entity known only as the '[[Necromancer]]' fled before him preventing Gandalf from identifying him.<ref name="Rings" /> After Gandalf's incursion, the evil there seemed to desist, and its absence allowed for some centuries of calmness.

That peaceful period was known as the [[Watchful Peace]] and lasted for almost four hundred years. However, the Nazgûl had used this period to prepare for Sauron's return, which occurred in {{TA|2460|n}}.<ref name="ThirdAge" /> Realising the returning evil, the [[Wise]] formed the [[White Council]] three years later. [[Galadriel]], bearer of one of the Three Elven Rings and mighty among the Eldar, wished Gandalf to be the chief of the Council, but he refused the position wishing to set down no roots and to maintain his independence; Saruman took this place because of his vast knowledge.<ref name="Rings" />

During his wanderings in [[Eriador]], Gandalf met and befriended the isolated and secretive people of the [[Hobbits]] in their country, [[The Shire]]. During the [[Long Winter]] of {{TA|2758|n}} Gandalf came to their aid.<ref name="ThirdAge" /> It was then when he witnessed and admired the pity and courage the humble Hobbits reserved in their hearts.<ref name="Erebor" />

When King [[Thráin|Thráin II]], a dwarf of the royal line of [[Lonely Mountain]], disappeared on a journey to [[Erebor]], Gandalf looked for him. At some point after {{TA|2845|n}} he entered the abandoned city of Khazad-dûm. After his vain search, the Wizard exited through the [[Doors of Durin]]; however this experience did not help him know how to open the doors from the outside.<ref name="journey">{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

In {{TA|2850|n}}, his quest led him once more to Dol Guldur, this time in secrecy.<ref name="ThirdAge" /> He found Thráin in the dungeons, who gave the Wizard his last possessions, the [[Thrór's Map|map]] and key to Erebor.<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> Most importantly, Gandalf found that the Necromancer was no Nazgûl, but was Sauron himself, and he had taken [[Ring of Thrór|the last]] of the [[Seven Rings]] from the Dwarf King. Sauron was gathering the remaining [[Rings of Power]] and possibly searching for his lost [[The One Ring|One Ring]].

Gandalf escaped Dol Guldur and returned to the White Council.<ref name="Rings" /> After relating his discoveries, he urged the council to attack Sauron while the One Ring was still lost and Sauron's power immature. But Saruman said that it was better to watch and wait, and that the One Ring had long ago rolled from [[Anduin]] to the Sea.<ref name="Rings" /> The majority of the council agreed with Saruman. [[Elrond]] Half-elven, a powerful member of the council, later privately told Gandalf he had a foreboding that the Ring would be found, and that the war to end the [[Ages|Age]] was coming. Indeed, he added, he feared that it would end in darkness and despair. Gandalf encouraged him, saying there were many "strange chances," and that, "''help oft shall come from the hands of the weak when the Wise falter''".<ref name="Rings" /> Gandalf did not yet realise that Saruman now wanted the Ring for himself and was secretly searching for it along the banks of the river Anduin.

====Quest for Erebor====
Gandalf would visit the Shire occasionally and participate in the [[Midsummer]]-eve parties of the [[Old Took]] where he impressed young Hobbits with his fireworks, and his stories about [[Dragons]], [[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|Goblins]] and princesses.<ref name="Erebor" /> He was thus known to be "responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures". He also met a relatively adventurous Hobbit named [[Bilbo Baggins]] although he was far from "adventuresome."<ref name="Party" />

Gandalf was concerned about the weak state of the North. [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] had destroyed both the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]] and the town of [[Dale]], and Gandalf feared that [[Sauron]] might use the desolation around Erebor to regain the northern passes in the mountains and the old lands of Angmar. Gandalf knew that exiled Dwarf [[King of Durin's Folk]] [[Thorin Oakenshield]] planned to battle against Smaug, but he knew that it would not be enough. In {{TA|2941|n}},<ref name="ThirdAge" /> while staying the night in [[Bree]], Gandalf happened across the Dwarf King.<ref name="Erebor">{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> Thorin initiated conversation; he had been having a strange feeling urging him to seek Gandalf. Gandalf was intrigued, for he had thought to seek Thorin as well. They found they were taking the same road for a while (Thorin passing through [[the Shire]] on his way to the [[Blue Mountains|Ered Luin]]), and they agreed to travel together. Thorin wanted advice, and Gandalf in turn wanted to discuss the Dragon Smaug with Thorin.
[[File:David T. Wenzel - Good Morning Mr. Baggins.jpg|thumb|''Good Morning Mr. Baggins'' by [[David T. Wenzel]]]]
Ultimately, Gandalf concocted a plan wherein Thorin could destroy Smaug and recover his family fortune, albeit with a "burglar" of Gandalf's own choosing. Gandalf had a feeling that a Hobbit should be involved, and he remembered Bilbo Baggins. At first he found only [[Holman Cotton]] as Bilbo had left on the occasion of the [[Yestare|Elven new year]], something that persuaded Gandalf that Bilbo was the right person for the job.<ref name="Erebor" /> He visited Bilbo later, bringing along the kinsmen of Thorin.<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> In the end Gandalf convinced the reluctant Baggins to become a burglar for Thorin.

Gandalf accompanied [[Thorin and Company]] to [[Rivendell]]. Gandalf saved them from a trio of [[Stone-trolls]], and later obtained the legendary sword [[Glamdring]] from their [[Trolls|Troll]]-hoard; Gandalf bore it thenceforth.<ref name="Mutton">{{H|Mutton}}</ref> He also helped Thorin and Company through the [[Misty Mountains]]. When they unknowingly camped in the [[Front Porch]] of the [[Goblin-town]], the Goblins captured the whole company except Gandalf, who surprised them much later by killing the [[Great Goblin]] and then rescuing the Dwarves and leading them to the exit.<ref name="Hill">{{H|Hill}}</ref> It was during this time that Bilbo obtained a "magic ring".<ref name="Riddles">{{H|Riddles}}</ref> The hobbit initially claimed he "won" it from the creature "[[Gollum]]" while the company was under the Misty Mountains,<ref name="Pan">{{H|Pan}}</ref> and he kept it secret from Gandalf for some time.
[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Lord of the Eagles.jpg|thumb|''The Lord of the Eagles'' by [[Darrell Sweet]]]]
On their escape out, the Company was saved by the [[Eagles]] of the Misty Mountains; Gandalf once had healed the [[Great Eagle]] from a poisoned wound,<ref name="Pan" /> and thenceforth they became friends. The Eagles picked them up and flew them to their eyrie. The next day, they dropped them to the other side of the Mountains.<ref name="Pan" />

Gandalf then sought the hospitality of [[Beorn]], persuading him to welcome and host the whole Company in his [[Beorn's Hall|hall]]. But then he left the quest prior to its completion; after leading the Company to the outskirts of the [[Forest Gate]], he gave them some final advice (but little did he know that the lands had changed by then) before they entered [[Mirkwood]], and went to attend other obligations.<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref> The [[White Council]] had met under the gravest of circumstances: Sauron's vast power was returning, even without his Ring. Gandalf at last convinced the Council to attack Dol Guldur, to which even Saruman agreed (as by now he feared Sauron as a rival, and wished to delay his search for the Ring). Gandalf joined his peers in assailing [[Dol Guldur]], ridding [[Mirkwood]] of the Necromancer's presence, who fled to [[Mordor]].<ref name="ThirdAge">{{App|B2}}</ref> When he was about to finish his task, news about what happened to Thorin's Company in Mirkwood reached him, and he realised that the instructions he gave them did not help; they had lost their way, and then vanished from the imprisonment of the [[Silvan Elves|Wood-elves]], who had captured them. He was anxious to get back to them as soon as possible.<ref>{{H|Welcome}}</ref>

Meanwhile Thorin's quest was successful: Erebor was retaken and Smaug was killed,<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref> but when Gandalf finally arrived to the area, he found the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] and [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills|the Iron Hills]] preparing for an attack by the [[Lake-men]] and the [[Elves of Mirkwood]]. He was with [[Bard]] and [[Thranduil]] and revealed his presence trying to reason with Thorin. When the attack was beginning, Gandalf halted them, to warn that the [[Orcs]] and [[Wargs]] were coming to claim the treasure. He invited [[Dáin Ironfoot]] for council, and soon Dwarves, Elves and Men formed an alliance, and defeated the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] in the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref>

King Thorin was mortally wounded and after his funeral and the reestablishment of Erebor under Dáin, Bilbo and Gandalf left Erebor for the Shire; on the way, they celebrated [[Yule]] at Beorn's, and then returned to Rivendell, where Gandalf discussed with [[Elrond]] the events of Dol Guldur and the Lonely Mountain. Gandalf had accomplished his immediate goal, which was to destroy Smaug, who could have been used to disastrous effect by Sauron. A large number of Orcs and Wargs also were killed in the North, removing threats to Rivendell and Lothlórien.<ref name="Erebor" /> But they both agreed that it would be better if the Necromancer were banished from the world altogether.<ref name="H19">{{H|19}}</ref>

As Gandalf and Bilbo passed by the site of their former encounter with the stone-trolls, they recovered the gold of the troll-hoard they had buried.<ref name="H19" />

Gandalf was amazed by the hobbit; until then he had paid no attention to hobbits and knew little of them. For the rest of his sojourn in Middle-earth, Gandalf took a special interest in hobbits, and particularly in the Baggins family. [[Third Age 2949|Years later]], he and Balin paid a visit to Bilbo, discussing the news from Erebor and Dale.<ref name="ThirdAge" /><ref name="H19" />

====Return of the Shadow====
Despite the Council's hopes, Sauron was not weakened by this attack. He had foreseen the move that drove him from Mirkwood, and his retreat was but a feint. Ten years after the attack, Sauron declared himself openly in Mordor in {{TA|2951|n}} and rebuilt [[Barad-dûr]]. The White Council met for one last time in {{TA|2953|n}} to debate about the [[Rings of Power]]. Saruman quieted his peers, claiming to have knowledge that the One Ring was lost in the [[Belegaer]]. After their meeting, Saruman, jealous and afraid of Gandalf, set spies to watch all his movements; this would affect the peaceful Hobbits, as from this, Saruman discovered their existence and noted Gandalf's interest in the Shire. As a result, he started sending agents to [[Bree]] and the [[Southfarthing]].<ref name="ThirdAge" />

[[Gollum]] had come to Gandalf's knowledge, having left his hideout. He was looking for the thief of his ring: Bilbo. The [[Elves of Mirkwood]] had informed Gandalf that Gollum was traversing the forest. Then, coinciding with Sauron's declaration, Gollum apparently turned towards [[Mordor]] and was lost. Gandalf neglected the matter because he "had much else to think of at that time" and still trusted Saruman's knowledge. Later, Gandalf would regret this.<ref name="shadow" />

Meanwhile, Sauron began reassembling his forces for the final blow against the West. [[Easterlings]] from [[Khand]] and beyond the [[Sea of Rhûn]], joined by men from [[Harad]] reinforced his stronghold in [[Mordor]]; Orcs, trolls, and other foul beasts were multiplying while his minions were searching the Anduin for any sign of his precious One Ring.

Gandalf met [[Aragorn]], the hidden [[Heir of Isildur]] in {{TA|2956|n}}, and soon became friends with him.<ref name="ThirdAge" /> From that point on, Aragorn and Gandalf often worked together towards a common end - the defeat of Sauron.

He visited [[Minas Tirith]] and was welcomed by [[Faramir]], the son of the [[Ruling Steward]] [[Denethor]], and taught him from his wisdom. This displeased Denethor, who didn't trust Gandalf.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref>

[[File:Michele Mantoani - Gandalf.jpg|thumb|"Gandalf" by [[:Category:Images by Michele Mantoani|Michele Mantoani]]]]
During this period Gandalf visited the Shire frequently, especially his friend Bilbo Baggins, and his younger cousin, [[Frodo Baggins]]. He noted Bilbo's unusual youthfulness, despite his advancing age; the suspicious "[[The One Ring|magic ring]]" that Bilbo had acquired during his adventure began to weigh on his mind. Gandalf recalled the deceit Bilbo used in originally claiming it for his own — Bilbo had later admitted to stealing it from [[Gollum]]. Gandalf could see that Bilbo was very preoccupied with the ring. Such un-hobbitlike behaviour aroused his suspicions. In {{TA|3001|n}} he organised [[Bilbo's Farewell Party]], and before leaving the Shire, he convinced Bilbo to leave the Ring for Frodo. He then emphatically warned Frodo not to use it; Gandalf had begun to suspect that the "magic ring" was indeed a [[Ring of Power]].<ref name="party">{{FR|Party}}</ref> Around that time, Gandalf became unpopular in the Shire; he was blamed for Bilbo's disappearance, and was even accused of plotting with Frodo to get a hold on Bilbo's wealth.<ref name="shadow">{{FR|Shadow}}</ref><ref name="party" />

Gandalf was keen to find out more about Bilbo's ring, so he left the Shire,<ref name="party" /> and resumed his search for Gollum. In this, he sought the help of [[Aragorn]]. The [[Rangers of the North]] were put to guard the Shire more closely.<ref name="ThirdAge" /> Gandalf showed up only [[Third Age 3004|three years later]] to check on Frodo and the Shire, and continued for the next four years always turning up unexpectedly and disappearing before dawn. In {{TA|3009|n}} he renewed the hunt for [[Gollum]] with Aragorn, searching in the [[vales of Anduin]], [[Mirkwood]], [[Rhovanion]], and even to the edges of Mordor. The search lasted eight years, for Gandalf did not know that Gollum had been captured by Sauron.<ref name="ThirdAge" /> Gandalf regretted ignoring Gollum for so many years, as his trail had become cold, resulting in many dark and dangerous days for Gandalf.<ref name="shadow" />

Studying the records in [[Minas Tirith]], Gandalf found the [[Scroll of Isildur]] in {{TA|3017|n}}, and from this, pieced together the missing history of the One Ring. On his way back to the Shire, he got word from the [[Galadhrim]] that Aragorn had finally captured Gollum<ref name="ThirdAge" /> and so he went to [[Mirkwood]] to meet him. For days he interrogated him in order to verify what he already knew. A great fear came over him when he learned that Gollum had been to [[Barad-dûr]]. Sauron had tortured Gollum and learned of the "magic ring", as well as the names "Shire" and "Baggins". The effects that Gandalf had seen on Gollum and Bilbo convinced him that Bilbo's Ring was not simply one of the [[Rings of Power]]: it was the ''[[The One Ring|One Ruling Ring]]'' of Sauron. Gandalf then returned in haste to the Shire.<ref name="shadow" /><ref name="council">{{FR|Council}}</ref>

====War of the Ring====
[[File:Alan Lee - The Shadow of the Past.jpg|thumb|''The Shadow of the Past'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
Gandalf returned to the Shire on [[12 April]] {{TA|3018}} and proved to Frodo that Bilbo's ring was the ancient [[One Ring]] which the Dark Power of [[Mordor]] was looking for. He told Frodo that he gathered much of this information by interrogating the creature [[Gollum]]. Frodo exclaimed that Gollum should have been killed, however Gandalf speculated that perhaps Gollum would have a part to play before the end, and in any case, it was not for Frodo to decide who should live and who should die.<ref name="shadow" />

Gandalf suggested that he should leave the Shire soon and take the Ring to [[Rivendell]]. Frodo decided to leave on his next birthday, pretending to be moving to [[Buckland]], to which Gandalf agreed. The wizard stayed in the Shire for over two months,<ref name="three">{{FR|Three}}</ref> during which time, on [[1 May]] he went to [[Sarn Ford]] and met again Aragorn, informing him of Frodo's plans.<ref name="FR|Strider">{{FR|Strider}}</ref> He had a sense of foreboding and heard [[Sauron's attack on Osgiliath|disturbing news about war]] in [[Gondor]] and a [[Black Shadow]].<ref name="council" /> He decided to leave for the South and left Frodo, promising to return for his birthday-farewell party in autumn, so that they would go to Rivendell together.<ref name="three" />

He wandered around [[Eriador]] hearing news from the refugees who had a fear they could not speak about, until he met [[Radagast]] who brought a message from [[Saruman]] that he must seek him at once, and a warning that the [[Ringwraiths]] were looking for the Shire.<ref name="council" /> Gandalf went to [[the Prancing Pony]] at [[Bree]]. Believing that he would not be able to return to Frodo in time, he wrote [[Gandalf's letter|a letter]],<ref name="council" /> urging him to move as soon as possible for Rivendell, and seek someone named "Strider", whose real name was Aragorn, with a [[Riddle of Strider|riddle]] to identify him; Gandalf would then try to catch up with them when he could. He instructed [[Barliman Butterbur]] to send the letter to [[Hobbiton]] and to expect a Mr. [[Baggins]] to arrive at the inn under the name of "[[Mr. Underhill]]". He left the inn, but Barliman would forget to send the letter.<ref name="FR|Strider" />

=====Treachery of Saruman=====
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Gandalf Escapes Upon Gwaihir.jpg|thumb|left|''Gandalf Escapes Upon Gwaihir'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Soon thereafter, Gandalf arrived at Isengard. At their meeting, Saruman at last revealed his desire for the One Ring.<ref name="council" /> He offered to his "''old friend and helper''" that they take the Ring for themselves and seize power from Sauron. Gandalf rejected this with horror, and was imprisoned by Saruman on the pinnacle of [[Orthanc]]. [[Gwaihir]], chief of the Eagles, soon arrived and helped Gandalf escape.<ref name="council" /> Gandalf knew he needed to return quickly to the Shire, as Frodo (and the Ring) were in grave danger from both Sauron's Nazgûl and Saruman's treacherous desire for the Ring.

Gandalf hurriedly went to [[Rohan]], desiring to find a strong steed; there he obtained [[Shadowfax]] from King [[Théoden]], who later resented the gift.<ref name="council" /> This lord of horses and Gandalf forged a special bond, and Gandalf made quick use of Shadowfax's incredible strength and endurance.

Gandalf sped to the Shire. Fortunately, Frodo had already left the Shire without waiting for Gandalf,<ref name="council" /> and was seeking [[Rivendell]]. Upon his arrival, Gandalf learned that the Nazgûl, arrayed as [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]], had been searching the area. Dismayed, he set out for Bree; Barliman apologised to Gandalf for forgetting to send the letter, and was worried that the hobbits had left with Strider, the suspicious [[Rangers of the North|Ranger]]. But for Gandalf, this was a hope which far exceeded his expectations. After congratulating a puzzled Barliman, Gandalf slept the night at the inn and in the morning left for [[Weathertop]], a high point in the region, to observe the surrounding area.<ref name="council" />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Fire on Weathertop.jpg|thumb|''Fire on Weathertop'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
There he was assaulted at night by the Nazgûl, but drove them off after a great battle of light and flame.<ref name="B3">{{App|B3}}</ref> These phenomena were seen by Aragorn and the hobbits from afar, although they were unaware that Gandalf was involved.<ref>{{FR|I11}}</ref> Before leaving Weathertop, he marked some stones with the [[cirth|certh]] G for them to find. The next day he escaped to the north, followed by four Riders.<ref name="council" />

He then went directly to Rivendell, arriving a few days sooner than [[Aragorn]].<ref name="B3" /> But when they arrived, Gandalf and Elrond joined their powers to cause a flood in [[Bruinen]] to drown the Riders, allowing Frodo some time to reach Rivendell.<ref name="council" /> Then they welcomed Glorfindel, Aragorn and the hobbits upon their arrival. Frodo was sick with a [[Morgul-wound]], but was still in possession of the Ring.

=====Fellowship of the Ring=====
Elrond called a [[Council of Elrond|Council]] after Frodo was healed to consider the momentous decision of what would be done with the Ring. By chance, representatives of most of the free peoples were in Rivendell for various reasons. Elrond and Gandalf advised that the Ring should be destroyed in the fires of [[Orodruin]], where it was made. Others dissented or objected, but they eventually submitted to Gandalf's plan. Ultimately, Elrond appointed the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] as nine walkers, numerically set against Sauron's nine Nazgûl. The relatively small number reflected the realisation by Elrond and the other council members that the quest of Mount Doom would not rely upon strength of arms, but on stealth and good fortune. Gandalf was chosen to lead the company, which included [[Aragorn]], [[Boromir]], [[Legolas]] the Elf, [[Gimli]] the Dwarf, and the hobbits Frodo Baggins, who was named the [[Ring-bearer]], and [[Samwise Gamgee]], [[Peregrin Took]], and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]].<ref name="council" />

Several obstacles stood in the company's way. The vast [[Misty Mountains]] had to be crossed, for Gandalf was determined not to lead the company near [[Isengard]]. Gandalf decided to take a southern route to the [[Redhorn Pass]] and there to cross the [[Misty Mountains]] near [[Caradhras]], thereby traversing the mountain range and avoiding Isengard.<ref name="The Ring Goes South, p. 283">{{FR|South}}, p. 283</ref> When this attempt failed due to a terrible storm, he decided to take the Fellowship through the ruins of Moria, where the remains of the great Dwarven city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] were now a labyrinth of tunnels under the mountains. Others in the company were loath to enter the maze, as it was now the lair of orcs and something known only as "Durin's Bane".

At the [[Doors of Durin]] on the west side of the mountains, Gandalf, after some delay, spoke the password and led the company into the dark. Having been in Moria on an earlier perilous errand, he was somewhat familiar with the underground passages. Eventually the party came to the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]], where Gandalf read the [[Book of Mazarbul|Book of Records]], which revealed the fate of [[Balin]], the leader of an ill-fated attempt to re-colonise Moria. Soon after, the party was attacked by orcs, and forced to flee the chamber. By then, Gandalf was well aware of their location and he led the party quickly towards the eastern exit.
[[File:John Howe - Gandalf Falls with the Balrog.jpg|thumb|''Gandalf Falls with the Balrog'' by [[John Howe]]]]
However, [[Durin's Bane]] caught up to the group at the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]. Gandalf and Legolas immediately realised what it was: a [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Morgoth]]. Gandalf faced the demon and broke the bridge upon which they both stood, leaving the beast to fall into a seemingly bottomless chasm. But the Balrog's whip lashed out, and grasped Gandalf by the knees, causing him to fall into the pit. While falling, Gandalf shouted "Fly, you fools" and vanished into the abyss.<ref name="bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

Yet Gandalf did not die; he and the Balrog fought long in the bowels and deep places of [[Arda]]. After restless pursuit over the course of eight days, Gandalf and the beast finally came to the summit of the [[Endless Stair]] upon the peak of [[Celebdil]]. There, he [[Battle of the Peak|fought the demon]] for two days and nights. The Balrog had burst into flame anew when it exited the stairs; ice, wind, and smoke swirled about them as they duelled. Gandalf used his last measure of strength to slay the Balrog, throwing him down the mountainside in ruin. Gandalf's spirit then left his body, having sacrificed himself to save the Fellowship.

=====Gandalf the White=====
But Gandalf's spirit did not depart Middle-earth forever. As the only one of the five Istari to stay true to his errand, Olórin was sent back to mortal lands by [[Ilúvatar|Eru]], and he became Gandalf once again. Yet, as he was now the sole emissary of the Valar to Middle-earth, he was granted the power to "reveal" more of his inner [[Maiar]] strength. This naked power that lay within him was seldom used during the remainder of his time in Middle-earth, as his mission was essentially the same: to support and succour those who opposed Sauron. Nevertheless, when Gandalf's wrath was kindled his "unveiled" strength was such that few of Sauron's servants could withstand him.
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Gandalf Returns.jpg|thumb|left|''Gandalf Returns'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
As he lay on the mountaintop, the great eagle [[Gwaihir]] came up and bore him to [[Lothlórien]], where he was clothed and replenished, and given a new staff by [[Galadriel]]. Gandalf soon learned that Frodo had left the Fellowship and was travelling to Mount Doom. As Frodo was beyond his assistance now, Gandalf promptly went south to [[Fangorn Forest]], where he met the [[Three Hunters]]: [[Aragorn]], [[Legolas]], and [[Gimli]], and gave them messages from Galadriel. From them, he learned that Sam went with Frodo, and he was pleased with this.<ref name="TT White" />{{rp|496}} Then he called forth [[Shadowfax]], and rode with them to [[Edoras]]. There he found that Saruman's spy [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] had deceived King [[Théoden]] into hopeless impotence. Gandalf quickly deposed Wormtongue and encouraged Théoden to ride west to war against [[Saruman]]. By now, Gandalf was keenly aware that the great war to end the age was beginning; if Saruman conquered Rohan, then Gondor would be alone with enemies on all sides.

At Gandalf's encouragement, King Théoden went west to Helm's Deep where he was quickly besieged; Gandalf then searched for [[Erkenbrand]] and the forces of the [[Westfold]], which he later found and led to the Deep, thus breaking the siege. Meanwhile, the [[Ents]], along with the hobbits Merry and Pippin, moved against Saruman and sent [[Huorns]] against the orcs, resulting in the utter ruin of the outer walls of [[Isengard]] and the complete annihilation of Saruman's orcs. After the battle, Gandalf went to [[Orthanc]] with Théoden, Aragorn, and a small group. There Saruman rejected Gandalf's offer of forgiveness with contempt. Gandalf then broke Saruman's staff and cast him from the Order and the Council.<ref name="TT Voice" />{{rp|583}} Gandalf imposed a strict watch on Isengard by the Ents and then advised King Théoden to ride to Gondor's defence as soon as possible. The wizard's mind had already turned to Gondor and the coming climactic battle in the east.

=====Siege of Minas Tirith=====
[[File:Donato Giancola - The White Rider.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|''The White Rider'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]
As a 'reward' for Pippin, who had foolishly gazed into a [[Palantíri|palantír]], Gandalf took the Hobbit with him to [[Minas Tirith]], the last bastion of the west. Soon after arriving, Gandalf confronted [[Denethor|Denethor II]], the [[Ruling Steward]], and learned that he was near despair over the death of his eldest son, [[Boromir]]. Pippin entered the Steward's service in payment of the debt that he and Merry owed: the death of Boromir. Ostensibly they were allies, but the Steward treated him with disrespect and suspicion. When [[Faramir]], the Steward's younger son, returned from [[Osgiliath]] and was attacked by Nazgûl, Gandalf upon Shadowfax drove them away by revealing the power within him. Later, Faramir told him that Frodo and Sam were still alive and headed towards Mordor.<ref name="RK Siege">{{RK|Siege}}</ref>{{rp|812}}

The city was soon besieged by a vast force from Mordor, led by the [[Witch-king]]. An ill-advised counterattack resulted in Faramir receiving a wound from a poisoned dart; he lay near death inside the Tower. Still, Gandalf encouraged the men of Minas Tirith to have hope, and dispelled the fear of the Ringwraiths by his very presence. But Sauron's catapults hurled flaming bolts upon the city; soon the first circle of the city burned unchecked. Denethor then lost all heart as the city burned and his only remaining son hovered near death. He abandoned his leadership of the city, and Gandalf then took it upon himself to direct the defence of the city. When the gigantic battering ram [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]] destroyed the ancient entrance to the city, Gandalf placed himself alone at the ruined gateway. The Witch-king then appeared in the midst of the blasted gate upon a black horse and threatened Gandalf with death; but Gandalf did not move — seated upon Shadowfax he defied the mightiest of Sauron's minions. However, the stand-off ended inconclusively, as the morning arrived along with the host of the Rohirrim. Hearing the horns of the [[Riders of Rohan]], the Witch-king departed.

However, Gandalf did not pursue his foe, for Pippin brought him news that Denethor was about to burn himself and his son Faramir to death on a pyre like the heathen kings of old. Gandalf rushed to stop this, and was able to save Faramir, but not Denethor, whose despair and grief had overcome his mind. Gandalf then learned how it was that Denethor's will had been broken: the Steward clutched a palantír in his hands as he burned.

Nevertheless, and against all hope, the siege was broken. [[Éowyn]] of Rohan and Merry defeated the Witch-king, whose last wail was heard by many as he was reduced to impotence. Soon after, Aragorn arrived with a large host of men from the southern fiefs upon a captured pirate fleet from Umbar. The forces of the men of the west then utterly defeated Sauron's attack against Minas Tirith, relieving the city and killing virtually all of the invaders. Gandalf's carefully laid plans and words of wisdom, along with acts of heroism not seen since the [[Elder Days]], had defeated Sauron's first move.

=====Last battle=====
But the attack against Minas Tirith was only a part of Sauron's plan to devastate the West and make himself the ruler of Middle-earth. Other armies moved in the north against [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and the Kingdom of Thranduil, as well as against Lothlórien and other points along the [[Anduin]]. Still commanding vast armies of orcs and men, the Dark Lord soon would move against Gondor again; the remnants of the Edain and their allies had little hope against his almost limitless resources.

In Minas Tirith, Gandalf was selected by Aragorn, [[Imrahil]], and [[Éomer]] (the remaining lords of the west) to be their leader in the coming final battles. This would be the culmination of Gandalf's efforts in Middle-earth. Fully aware that the West would stand or fall on the outcome of Frodo's mission, he advised the lords to drive north to the [[Morannon]], thereby drawing Sauron's eye away from Frodo's likely location. This plan would likely result in a catastrophic loss for the outnumbered army, but it gave Frodo a chance to achieve the quest of Mount Doom.

Led by Gandalf and Aragorn, the army of the West crossed the Anduin and marched north, pausing occasionally to announce their coming, and to dispatch small numbers of men to lesser tasks. Upon arriving at the Black Gate, the forces halted and prepared for battle. As they ordered their companies, the foul [[Mouth of Sauron]] rode forth to parley with them; he revealed Frodo's [[Mithril-coat]] and [[Barrow-blade]] and implied that their owner was captured and tortured. The emissary of Sauron then proposed that the forces of the west surrender; Gandalf however was undaunted, and, seizing his friend's belongings, rejected Sauron's offer. In shock, the Mouth of Sauron turned back towards the Black Gate, which slowly opened to reveal a vast army of orcs and trolls advancing on the lords of the west. Sauron's trap was sprung.

Yet Sauron himself became the victim of Gandalf's trap. Unbeknownst to all, Frodo and Sam had succeeded in scaling Mount Doom. Even as the Battle of Morannon began, Frodo stood at the [[Crack of Doom]]. But the power and lure of the Ring finally overcame his will and he placed the ring upon his finger, claiming it as his own. Immediately the Nazgûl were summoned by their lord, as he in terror realised his blunder: his enemies intended to destroy his Ring.

[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Shadow of Sauron.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''The Shadow of Sauron'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
But Gandalf's foresight proved accurate again as the creature Gollum, who had been doggedly following the Ring-bearer, seized the Ring from Frodo, and, while celebrating his reunion with "his precious," unwittingly fell into the fires of Orodruin. The ring was unmade as the fiery mountain erupted. The tower of [[Barad-dûr]] and the [[Towers of the Teeth]] began to collapse, their foundations crumbling. The Ring-wraiths burned out like shooting stars, and Sauron was reduced to a mere shadow of malice, never to torment the world again.

With Sauron gone, his forces scattered; the Men of the West now set upon them with fury. Gandalf announced the success of the [[Ring-bearer]] and the end of Sauron; the quest had been fulfilled. Seeing that victory was achieved, Gandalf then mounted [[Gwaihir]] the Eagle for the third time, and set out for Mount Doom in search of Frodo and Sam. To his great relief, the two were found on the slopes of Orodruin, clinging to life amid the volcanic eruptions.<ref>{{RK|Doom}}</ref>{{rp|948–51}} The great quest was over.

====End of the Order====
In Minas Tirith, Gandalf and the remaining members of the Fellowship reunited. At the coronation of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]], Gandalf, at Aragorn's request, set the crown upon the King’s head, and declared "''Now come the days of the King, and may they be blessed while the thrones of the [[Valar]] endure!''". Thus Gandalf ushered in the new age of men.

After the coronation and wedding of Aragorn to [[Arwen]], Gandalf left with the rest of the remaining Fellowship on the journey home. For Gandalf, it was his last long journey in Middle-earth. His errand to Arda had been fulfilled; Sauron had been defeated. He said farewell to his friends one by one until at last only the four Hobbits remained at his side. At the borders of the Shire he, too, turned away. He left the Hobbits to settle the affairs of the Shire themselves, for the shattered pieces of evil still remaining in the world were no longer his concern, and went to talk to [[Tom Bombadil]].<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}</ref>{{rp|996}}

What Gandalf did during the next two years is unknown; it is possible that his "''long talk''" with Bombadil was just that. At any rate, on [[29 September]] {{TA|3021|n}}, he met [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] at [[Mithlond]], ready to take the [[White Ship]] over the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Aman]]. He wore [[Narya]] openly on his finger, and Shadowfax was beside him (perhaps even to take ship with him). His mission was over, and his homecoming after more than 2000 years was nigh. He bade farewell to [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] (the later two of whom he had forewarned of the passage), then boarded the ship beside Frodo, Bilbo, Elrond, and Galadriel. The ship passed west upon the sea,<ref>{{RK|Havens}}</ref> and then took the hidden straight path to [[Valinor]]. Gandalf became Olórin once more. There, presumably, he dwells still in the gardens of [[Irmo]]. Olórin, the wisest of the Maiar and the sole Istar to remain true to his mission, had successfully kindled the hearts of the [[free peoples]] of Middle-earth to overcome the evil of their time. 

==Characteristics==
===Personality===
[[File:Roger Garland - Gandalf.jpg|left|thumb|The Grey Pilgrim relaxing. Art by [[Roger Garland]]]]
Gandalf is often described in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' as quick to anger, and equally quick to laugh.<ref name="Lorien">{{FR|Lorien}}</ref> He had great pity and patience, even extending to the servants of his enemies. He is said to have learned both from Nienna in Valinor.<ref name="vala" />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - G for Gandalf.png|thumb|Gandalf's signature, the [[cirth|rune]] "G".]]
Keen observers of Gandalf often detected a veiled power, usually revealed in his eyes, which appeared deep and wise.<ref>{{RK|MT}}</ref>{{rp|757}} He was alternately affectionate and brusque; he often surprised others with his bluntness when time was of the essence. Gandalf consistently upbraided foolish behaviour, but also richly rewarded those who acted with good intentions.

Hobbits appealed to him more than to the other Wizards, and he often went to the Shire for respites from his errands. It may be that he was amused by their nature. It may also be because they were untouched by the great evils of the world, and were more in touch with nature than Men; perhaps their agrarian lifestyle appealed to Gandalf's innate spirit and reminded him of the gardens of Valinor.

[[Círdan]] the Shipwright divined in him "the greatest spirit and the wisest" out of all of the Wizards that came from the West, and so he entrusted the care of [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves, to Gandalf rather than to Saruman.<ref name="Istari" />

===Appearance===
[[File:John Howe - Gandalf the Grey 02.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Gandalf the Grey'' by [[John Howe]]]]

The first description of Gandalf is preserved in the initial pages of ''The Hobbit'', written in the early 1930s. Gandalf's fame is alluded to even before his physical description ("Tales and adventures sprouted up all over the place wherever he went, in the most extraordinary fashion"), while the protagonist's ("unsuspecting Bilbo") impression is that of:
{{Blockquote|...an old man with a staff. He had a tall pointed blue hat, a long grey cloak, a silver scarf over which a white beard hung down below his waist, and immense black boots.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[An Unexpected Party]]"}}

Later, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] wrote:
{{Blockquote|...a figure strongly built and with broad shoulder, though shorter than the average of men and now stooped with age, leaning on a thick rough-cut staff as he trudged along... Gandalf's hat was wide-brimmed [...] with a pointed conical crown, and it was ''blue''; he wore a long ''grey'' cloak, but this would not reach much below his knees. It was of an elven silver-grey hue, though tarnished by wear - as is evident from the general use of grey in [[The Lord of the Rings|the book]]... But his colours were always white, silver-grey, and blue - except for the boots he wore when walking in the wild...Gandalf even bent must have been at least 5 ft. 6... Which would make him a short man even in modern England, especially with the reduction of a bent back.<ref name="MB" />}}

Although some of the Wise knew his true nature, his "wizard-like" appearance caused many to mistake him for a simple conjurer. After his return, his "signature colour" changed from grey to white, for he had been sent back to replace the corrupt Saruman as the chief of the Wizards. In the book, he claimed that, in some ways, he now "was Saruman", or rather Saruman as he should have been.<ref name="TT White" />{{rp|495}}

===Powers and abilities===
[[File:Roger Thomasson - Gandalf the Grey.jpg|thumb|''Gandalf the Grey'' by [[Roger Thomasson]]]]
Gandalf demonstrated extensive knowledge of the land and an assortment of magical abilities from trivial to essential.

Gandalf was the bearer of [[Narya]], the Ring of Fire, and described himself as the "servant of the [[Secret Fire]]" and "wielder of the [[flame of Anor]]".<ref name="bridge" /> Many of Gandalf's displays of power were related to fire in some way. It is not known, though, whether or to what extent his possession of Narya affected his abilities.

He created blinding flashes and other pyrotechnics to distract the [[Orcs|goblins]] of the [[Misty Mountains]] during Thorin and Company's escape from [[Goblin-town]]. On the eastern slopes, he turned pine cones into flaming projectiles that threw hot sparks and started fires that would not easily go out.

When the Fellowship was attacked by [[Wargs]] in [[Eregion|Hollin]], Gandalf spoke words of power to inflame the trees on the hillock where the company had camped. While crossing the Misty Mountains with the Fellowship, he was able to start fires under blizzard conditions. On the journey through Moria he created lights of varying intensity, magically secured doors, and broke the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]. He fought and killed the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog of Moria]], although he did not himself survive the battle.<ref name="bridge" />

Sent back to [[Middle-earth]] as Gandalf the White, he possessed greater charisma and a limited degree of clairvoyance, although he was unable to peer into the land of [[Mordor]] to see the progress of Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. His power and authority had increased so that he could break [[Saruman]]'s staff with a spoken command, throw the treacherous wizard out of the order.<ref name="TT Voice">{{TT|Voice}}</ref>{{rp|583}} He also prevented Sauron's Eye from locating Frodo.<ref name="TT White">{{TT|White}}</ref>

He frequently used his powers for entertainment. He blew glowing smoke rings that moved around the room at his direction, and was known among Hobbits for his fireworks displays,<ref name="Erebor" /> for example at [[Bilbo's Farewell Party]].<ref name="party" />

When angered or aroused for battle, he seemed to grow in height and assume a terrifying aspect.<ref name="party" />{{rp|34}}

Though not as keen as [[Elves]], his eyesight was sharp enough to see in darkness, and into the [[Unseen]].

===Special equipment===
It is unknown whether Gandalf required his staff to exercise certain powers. At times it appeared to focus or extend his powers, such as its emanation of light. [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] tried to forbid Gandalf from bringing it into [[Edoras]] in a clear attempt to limit his powers.<ref>{{TT|King}}</ref>{{rp|514}}

When he arrived in Middle-earth, Gandalf received the Elven ring [[Narya]] from [[Círdan]].<ref name="Istari" /> Gandalf wore it from that time to the end of the Third Age, but how he used its powers is not known.

In {{TA|2941}}, Gandalf acquired the Elven sword [[Glamdring]] from the treasure hoard of a band of trolls.<ref name="Mutton" /> He continued to wield this weapon throughout ''The Lord of the Rings'', in particular during his fight with the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] in Moria.

Throughout his time in Middle-earth Gandalf was often seen with a pipe which he used to smoke [[Old Toby]].

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Gandalf.mp3|Ardamir}}
{{Pronounce|Quenya - Olórin.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
''Gandalf'' is a [[North Germanic languages|Norse]] name and supposedly means "Elvish wight with a (magic) staff", for it contains the element ''gandr'' ("a staff, especially one used in 'magic'"). It is a substitution in the English narrative for an unknown [[Westron]] name (on the same lines as the treatment of Hobbit and Dwarf names).<ref>{{UT|13}}</ref><ref group=note>Since the name ''Gandalf'' is attributed to "the North" in general, it probably represents a Westron name, but one made up of elements not derived from Elvish tongues.</ref>

The Men of the North called him so because they incorrectly thought that he was of Elven-kind<ref name="essay">{{UT|Istari}}, citing from the essay on the Istari</ref> and because they knew his alliance and friendship with Elves well<ref name="long note">{{UT|Istari}}, citing from a long note from before the publication of the second edition of ''The Lord of the Rings'' in 1966</ref>.

Gandalf is also the name of a dwarf in the [[Völuspá]], one of the poems of the [[Poetic Edda]]<ref>{{UT|13a}}, "12"</ref>, from where Tolkien got many of the Dwarven names used in his books.

==Other names==
{{quote|Many are my names in many countries. Mithrandir among the Elves, Tharkûn to the Dwarves; Olórin I was in my youth in the West that is forgotten, in the South Incánus, in the North Gandalf; to the East I go not.|''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[The Window on the West]]"}}
*'''Greyhame''': Used in [[Rohan]],<ref>{{TT|Riders}}, p. 435</ref> it was the equivalent in [[Rohanese]] of ""Greycloak" which would have been ''grēg-hama''.<ref name="nomen">{{HM|N}}, entry '''Greyhame''', p. 758</ref>

*'''''Incánus''''': Gained during his long travels "in the south" (likely meaning no further south than [[Gondor]] or the [[Near Harad]]<ref name="Istari" />) of [[Middle-earth]] in the mid-[[Third Age]].<ref name="TT Window p. 670" /> Although ''Incánus'' seems to be of unclear language and meaning, a note in the [[Thain's Book]] says it is a [[Quenya]] form simply adapted from a word in the tongue of the [[Haradrim]]: ''Inkā-nūsh'' (or possibly ''Inkā-nūs''), meaning "North-spy".<ref name="Istari" /> ''Incánus'' in Latin means "grey-haired". However, [[Christopher Tolkien]] has noted that the "coincidence in form" might be an "accident",<ref name="Istari" /> his father wrote "Incánus Latin" in a later published manuscript,<ref name="PE1788" /> suggesting that the similarity was perhaps more than a coincidence. Tolkien also changed his mind several times about the meaning of ''Incánus'', besides the etymology given above his other variations were:
**An archaic [[Quenya]] word meaning "Mind-ruler", from ''in(id)''- ("mind") and ''cáno'' ("ruler, governor, chieftain").<ref name="Istari" />
**An adaptation from Quenya ''incānus(se)'', meaning "mind mastership".<ref>{{PE|17}}, entry Q ''incānus(se)'', p. 88 and entry √'''IN-''', p. 155</ref>
**A possible [[Westron]] invention meaning "Greymantle".<ref name="Istari" /> In a draft manuscript of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', different names used were ''Forlong''>>''Fornold''>>''Incânus''.<ref name="WR2V" />

*'''Láthspell''': The name given to Gandalf by [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] when the former arrived at [[Meduseld]]. It means "Ill-news".<ref name="King">{{TT|King}}, p. 513</ref> It is a modernized form of [[Old English]] ''lad-spell'' ("a painful grievous story") from ''lad'' ("causing hate, evil, injury") and ''spell'' ("story", "message").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 404</ref> In earlier drafts, it is actually Théoden who refers to Gandalf as Láthspell.<ref name="TIKing">{{TI|King}}, p. 444</ref>

*'''''Mithrandir''''': His [[Sindarin]] name ({{IPA|[miˈθrandir]}}), used in [[Gondor]] and meaning "Grey Pilgrim" or "Grey Wanderer", from ''[[mith]]'' ("grey") + ''[[randir]]'' ("pilgrim, wandering man").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 320</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, entry S '''Mithrandir''', p. 60</ref>

*'''''Olórin''''': His original name in [[Valinor]]. It is [[Quenya]], and its meaning is associated with the Quenya word [[olos|''olos'' or ''olor'']], meaning "dream" or "vision / of mind".<ref name="Istari" /><ref name="PE1788">{{PE|17}}, Q '''Olórin''' , p. 88</ref> In a draft manuscript of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', occurs the spelling ''Olórion''.<ref name="WR2V">{{WR|2|V}}, p. 153</ref>

*'''Stormcrow''': The name given to Gandalf by King [[Théoden]] in [[Rohan]], a reference to his arrival being associated with times of trouble.<ref name="King" />

*'''''Tharkûn''''': The name given to Gandalf by the [[Dwarves]].<ref name="TT Window p. 670" /> ''Tharkûn'' is [[Khuzdul]], meaning either "Grey-man"<ref>{{PE|17}}, entry D '''Tharkûn''', p. 88</ref> or "Staff-man".<ref name="Istari" /> The word possibly derives from the unattested word ''thark'' ("staff") + a nominal ending ''-ûn''.<ref>Mellonath Daeron, "[https://www.forodrim.org/daeron/md_khuzdul.html An analysis of Dwarvish]" (accessed [[11 October]] [[2010]])</ref> In a draft manuscript of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', occurs the spelling ''Sharkûn''.<ref name="WR2V" />

*'''The White Rider''': The name given to him by Aragorn when he rides the great horse [[Shadowfax]].<ref>{{TT|White}}, p. 500</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In early manuscripts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', the name ''[[Bladorthin]]'' was used by Tolkien for the character who later would be named ''Gandalf''. The name ''Gandalf'' was instead used for the character known as [[Thorin]] in the published works.<ref>{{HH|Intro}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[File:Georg von Rosen - Oden som vandringsman, 1886 (Odin, the Wanderer).jpg|thumb|''Oden som vandringsman'' (''Odin the Wanderer'') by Georg von Rosen]]
[[File:Josef Madlener - Der Berggeist.jpg|left|thumb|''[[Der Berggeist]]'' by [[Josef Madlener]]]]

''Gandalfr''
appears in the list of dwarves in the ''[[Völuspá]]'' of the Elder Edda, the name means "Cane-elf". Tolkien took the name along with the other dwarves' names when he wrote ''The Hobbit'' in the 1930s. He came to regret the creation of this "rabble of eddaic-named dwarves [...] invented in an idle hour",<ref>{{TI|Runes}}, p. 452</ref> since it forced him to come up with an explanation of why Old Norse names should be used in [[Third Age]] Middle-earth. He solved the dilemma in 1942 by the explanation that [[Old Norse]] was a ''translation'' of the [[language of Dale]]. The figure of Gandalf has other influences from Germanic mythology, particularly Odin in his incarnation as "the Wanderer", an old man with one eye, a long white beard, a wide brimmed hat, and a staff: Tolkien states that he thinks of Gandalf as an ''"Odinic wanderer"'' in a letter of 1946.<ref>{{L|107}}</ref>

Tolkien had a postcard labelled ''[[Der Berggeist]]'' ("the mountain spirit"), and on the paper cover in which he kept it, he wrote "the origin of Gandalf" at some point. The postcard reproduces a painting of a bearded figure, sitting on a rock under a pine tree in a mountainous setting. He wears a wide-brimmed round hat and a long cloak and a white fawn is nuzzling his upturned hands.
[[Humphrey Carpenter]] in his 1977 biography said that Tolkien had bought the postcard during his 1911 holiday in Switzerland. However, Manfred Zimmerman discovered that the painting was by German artist Josef Madlener and dates to the late 1920s.<ref>[[Manfred Zimmermann]], "The Origin of Gandalf and Josef Madlener", in ''[[Mythlore]]'' [[Mythlore 34|34]] (Winter [[1983]])</ref> Carpenter concluded that Tolkien was probably mistaken about the origin of the postcard himself. Tolkien must have acquired the card at some time in the early 1930s, at a time when ''The Hobbit'' had already begun to take shape.

==Portrayals in adaptations==
===Gandalf in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Hobbit (1967 film) - Gandalf.png|Gandalf in [[The Hobbit (1967 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1967 film)]]
File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Gandalf.jpg|Gandalf in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gandalf.jpg|Gandalf the Grey in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gandalf the White.jpg|Gandalf the White in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:War in Middle Earth - Gandalf and three hobbits.png|Gandalf in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle-earth]]''
File:LOTR-Gandalf 1990-1--1-.png|Gandalf in [[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I'' (1990 video game)]]
File:LOTR vol. 1 SNES Gandalf in the Shire.png|Gandalf in [[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES)|''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I'' (SNES)]]
File:1121208-ror 010-1-.png|Gandalf in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Gandalf reading the Book of Mazarbul.jpg|Gandalf the Grey in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Gandalf the White.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Gandalf.JPG|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:Gandalf 2Towers.png|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (video game)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings- The Two Towers GBA - Gandalf, Frodo and Legolas.png|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)#Game Boy Advance version|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (Game Boy Advance)]]
File:The Hobbit (2003) Gandalf.JPG|Gandalf in ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]''
File:Gandalf EA RotK.png|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings- The Return of the King GBA - Gandalf.png|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (Game Boy Advance)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Gandalf the Grey.png|Gandalf the Grey in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Gandalf the White.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online Shadows of Angmar - Gandalf.png|Gandalf the Grey in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings- Conquest -Gandalf fighting Orcs.png|'''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]''
File:Aragorn's Quest - Gandalf the White.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''
File:Gandalf in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
File:Lego - Gandalf the Grey mini figure.png|Gandalf the Grey as a ''[[Lego]] mini figure''
File:Guardians of Middle-earth - Gandalf.png|Gandalf the Grey in ''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]''
File:The Hobbit (film series) - Gandalf.jpg|Gandalf the Grey in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings Gollum - Gandalf's description.jpeg|Gandalf's description in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Gollum]]''
</gallery>
===Films===
'''1967: [[The Hobbit (1967 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1967 film)]]:'''
:Gandalf's role is drastically reduced. He lives in a tower, where Thorin, the [[Mika Milovana|princess]] and the guard meet him to discuss the killing of [[Smaug|Slag]]. He introduces them to Bilbo, but does not go on the quest.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[John Huston]].

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Gandalf was voiced by [[William Squire]]. [[John A. Neris]] played him in the live-action filming used for rotoscoping.<ref>Jerry Beck, ''The Animated Movie Guide'', p. 154 (at [http://books.google.com/books?id=fTI1yeZd-tkC&pg=PA154&dq=%22John+A.+Neris%22&hl=nl#PPA154,M1 GoogleBooks])</ref>

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:[[John Huston]] reprised his role as Gandalf. In this adaptation, the tale is told by a minstrel of [[Gondor]], yet in the story, Gandalf serves as the narrator. Gandalf the White is portrayed without difference from Gandalf the Grey, in ''The Hobbit''.

'''1985: [[The Hobbit (1985 television film)|''The Fairytale Adventures of Mr. Baggins, the Hobbit'' (1985 film)]]:'''
:Ivan Krasko played Gandalf.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:[[Ian McKellen]] was cast as Gandalf. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his portrayal.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Perhaps the most striking difference from all other adaptations is the difference between Gandalf the Grey and Gandalf the White. Where earlier no visible or audible difference was made, Gandalf the White is portrayed as much more virile, and with a shorter (and whiter) beard.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Because [[Imrahil]] had been cut from the film, it was up to Gandalf to lead the troops after the madness and death of [[Denethor]].

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:[[Ian McKellen|Sir Ian McKellen]] reprised his role as Gandalf the Grey.<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> A short description of Gandalf in ''The Hobbit'' films was released by the studio:

{{quote|One of the most powerful Wizards in all Middle-earth, Gandalf the Grey joins the quest to reclaim the Dwarf Kingdom of Erebor and the great treasure that lies within its stone halls from a fire-breating dragon, Smaug the Terrible. Along the way, Gandalf finds evidence that an ancient evil may have found its way back into the world. In order to uncover the truth, Gandalf must leave his companions to fend for themselves – a journey that will take him into the darkest corners of Middle-earth where his worst suspicions are confirmed.|[[Warner Bros.]]<ref name="HobbitApp">{{webcite|author=[[Warner Bros.]]|articleurl=http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hobbit-movies/id545808528|articlename=Hobbit Movies|dated=7-September-2012|website=[http://itunes.apple.com/ Apple iPhone/iPad App]|accessed=19-September-2012}}</ref>}}

===Television===
'''1993: ''[[Hobitit]]'':'''
:[[Vesa Vierikko]] played both Gandalf the Grey and Gandalf the White. He appeared in 6 of 8 episodes.
'''2024: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power|The ''Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power'']]'''

:[[Daniel Weyman]] plays "[[The Stranger]]," who is eventually revealed to be Gandalf in a moment of foresight after being called "Grand Elf" by a group of departing [[Stoors]].

===Radio series===
'''1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[Norman Shelley]].<ref>{{L|175}}</ref>

'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[Heron Carvic]].

'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided [[Bernard Mayes]].

'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Bernard Mayes]] reprised his role as Gandalf.

'''1980: [[Der Hobbit (1980 German radio series)|''Der Hobbit'' (1980 German radio series)]]:'''
:Gandalf is played by Bernhard Minetti.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Michael Hordern]] read the part of Gandalf. He had not read the book, and thought his agent made a mistake in telling him how many episodes he had to do. He did not know Gandalf's early death was temporary.<ref>[[Brian Sibley]], "[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/2008/01/this-page-is-still-under-construction_23.html The Ring Goes Ever On: The Making of BBC Radio's ''The Lord of the Rings'']", at ''[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/ Brian Sibley:The Works]''</ref>

'''1989: [[Hobit (1989 Slovak radio series)|''Hobit'' (1989 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf is provided by Karol Machata.

'''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''
:Gandalf is played by Manfed Steffen.

'''2001-2003: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf is provided by Martin Huba.

===Games===
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]]:'''
:Gandalf can be met in several moments of the game's story line.<ref>[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg ''ZX Computing'', iss. 8304, p. 76] reproduced at [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/archive.html World of Spectrum - Archive] (retrieved at 14 August 2010)</ref>

'''1990: [[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I'' (1990 video game)]]:'''
:Gandalf can be "recruited" by [[Frodo Baggins]] as a playable character.

'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan]]'':'''
:Gandalf is one of the main characters of the game and one of the several heroes of the [[Rohan]] faction.

'''1994: [[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES)|''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I'' (SNES)]]:'''
:Gandalf can be acquired as a playable character.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:[[Tom Kane]] provided the voice of Gandalf. He is a playable character in several levels, including the fight with [[Durin's Bane]].

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (video game)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf is provided by [[Ian McKellen]]. Gandalf the Grey appears at the campsite of the [[Fellowship of the Ring|fellowship]] in ''The Gates of Moria'' and during the fight of [[Balin's Tomb]] in ''Balin's Tomb''. He latter reappears in the game as Gandalf the White at the start of the mission ''The Plains of Rohan'', where he leaves Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli to search Éomer and his army. He also appears in some cutscenes.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)#Game Boy Advance version|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (Game Boy Advance)]]:'''
:In the [[wikipedia:Game Boy Advance|Game Boy Advance version]] of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]] Gandalf is a playable character. Gandalf's story starts with a conversation between Gandalf and [[Théoden]], after which the story goes back to the [[Caradhras]], where the Fellowship tries to travel over the [[Misty Mountains]]. When that road fails, the Fellowship goes back and travels through [[Moria]]. In Moria Gandalf and the other member of the Fellowship are separated. After finding [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Aragorn]] and [[Gimli]] the fellowship is attacked by a [[Cave-trolls|Cave-troll]] and [[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|Goblins]]. After Gandalf defeats the Cave-troll the Fellowship has to flee for the [[Balrogs|Balrog]]. When they reach the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]] a cutscene is shown, in which Gandalf destroys the bridge and falls with the Balrog in the depths. After the fall Gandalf has to follow the footsteps of the Balrog through the depths of Moria and the [[Endless Stair]] until he reaches [[Durin's Tower]], where he has to defeat the Balrog.

:After being revived he returns as Gandalf the White in Fangorn, where he defeats several [[Trolls]] and [[Crebain]]. After defeating a stronger Forrest troll, named Fangorn troll, Gandalf meets Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli. After a cutscene, the game moves to [[Edoras]]. Gandalf heals the corrupted Théoden in Edoras, and then travels through [[Rohan]] in search of [[Éomer]]. Gandalf convinces Éomer to lead his army to [[Helm's Deep]].

:The game ends with the [[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm's Deep]], in which Gandalf and Éomer fight alongside Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli and [[Éowyn]] while protecting the wall, the [[Hornburg]] and the [[Glittering Caves]]. In the final level Gandalf has to destroy the siege weapons that bombard the Hornburg. The game ends with a conversation between Gandalf, Aragorn, Gimli and Théoden.

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:[[Jim Ward]] provided the voice of Gandalf. He is shown with actual [[magic]]: he can shoot blue bolts of lightning from his staff.

'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]:'''
:Gandalf is the narrator, and a playable character. The game is built around him; the cut scene narration shows how he planned for the [[War of the Ring]]. He has several missions, collectively called the "Path of the Wizard". The first is the [[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm's Deep]], which serves as a training mission. He has to fight [[Uruk-Hai]] in the forest of [[Huorns]] and [[Ents]] in "The Road to Isengard". After that, the missions move to [[Minas Tirith]]: the first mission, "Top of the Wall", has Gandalf warding off ladders and siege towers. In the second, "Courtyard", he has to protect civilians from the invading Orcs. His last playing mission is the [[Battle of the Morannon|Battle of the Black Gate]].

'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (Game Boy Advance)]]:'''
:Just like on the console version of the game, Gandalf is a playable character. He has many missions, collectively called the "The Journey of the Wizard". He starts in a flooded [[Isengard]], where he has to kill several [[Uruk-hai]] and [[Crebain]] before he confronts [[Saruman]]. After the defeat of Saruman he travels to [[Minas Tirith]] through Rohan and the Misty Mountains. At the [[Pelennor Fields]] Gandalf has to protect the [[Beacons of Gondor|beacons]], so Rohan can be warned. During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields|Battle of Minas Tirith]] he has to protect the gate, before making his way to the [[House of the Stewards|Steward's Tomb]]. Here Gandalf has to kill Denethor, before he burns [[Faramir]]. After the battle Gandalf travels through [[Ithilien]] to the [[Black Gate]], where he confronts a Nazgûl.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]'':'''
:Gandalf, voiced by [[Ian McKellen]], is a character in [[Electronic Arts|EA's]] "alternative [[Fellowship of the Ring|fellowship]]" game. In his battle against Durin's Bane, he is aided by the main characters.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''
:Gandalf is voiced by [[Steven M. Kramer]], renowned for playing older mentor types.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:In non-storyline skirmishes Gandalf is the hero of the Gondor faction, who possesses several magical abilities. At first, he appears as Gandalf "the Grey", and becomes "Gandalf the White" after reaching level 5 (out of 10). Gandalf also narrates the prologue scene, repeating almost word for word the lines said by Galadriel in the ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.

:His involvement in the storyline is notable for major differences from the original tale. First of all, Gandalf survives his encounter with Balrog, defeating him at the Bridge of Khazad-dum and continues the journey with the Fellowship - by the time of arrival in Lothlorien he already appears as Gandalf the White. He is present during the ambush at [[Amon Hen]], where thanks to his involvement Boromir is saved from certain death. Merry and Pippin are captured regardless and Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli and Boromir give chase, while Gandalf departs them to see to dealings in Rohan, including freeing of King Théoden from the spell. Following the Battle of Helm's Deep he travels to Minas Tirith along with both Pippin and Boromir, where they participate in the Siege of the city.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Gandalf is a hero for the "Men of the West" faction. Similar to the first game, he appears as Gandalf the Grey initially and Gandalf the White after level 5. He plays no part in the main storyline, but appears in the alternate "evil" campaign: after Sauron reclaims the Ring and lays waste to southern lands, Gandalf and few other survivors meet their end during a last stand in Rivendell.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Gandalf is a non-playable character voiced by [[Harry Chase]], who narrates cutscenes and instances throughout the original game, before the first expansion. He first meets the Dwarven characters in Ered Luin in {{TA|2941}}, shortly before the Quest for Erebor. Later, characters of all races meet him in Bree in October of {{TA|3018}}, but he is too busy with concerns for Frodo and the Ring and merely sends them away to find Radagast. Finally, the players have a chance to have a proper conversation with him in Rivendell, following the Council of Elrond. During that time, Gandalf is involved in several quests, including helping the player wreck havoc among the Goblins stirring at the [[High Pass]]. After the Fellowship leaves Rivendell, players are able to retrace many of their steps, including the marks left by Gandalf such as the Burnt Top in [[Eregion]] and the remains of his fire at the pass of [[Caradhras]]. Later, Lady [[Galadriel]] bids the player to find the signs of Gandalf following his fall from the Bridge of Khazad-dum - said signs include his burnt hat at the Foundations of Stone in Moria and the signs of his struggle with the Balrog at the [[Endless Stair]] - those allow Galadriel to discern that Mithrandir is not truly dead. Players later meet him as Gandalf the White in [[Caras Galadhon]] shortly after the Fellowship has departed Lothlorien. During that time, he engages into a spiritual battle with a Gaunt-Lord Gortheron the Doom-Caller; his display of his new abilities encourages the band of Free People players and allows them to defeat the servant of Sauron.

:Gandalf is also present in several historic "session plays", during which players witness the important events their characters were not present for. Such events include Gandalf infiltrating [[Dol Guldur]] with the help of an Elf named Raddir, first meeting between Gandalf and Aragorn on the outskirts of Lothlorien and Gandalf's imprisonment atop Orthanc by Saruman.

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''
:[[Martin Jarvis]] provides the voice of Gandalf. He is a playable mage hero and has three special powers: "Healing Wisdom", "You Shall not Pass!" and "Cleansing Fire". In the good campaign he appears at the end of the Isengard mission, where he has to kill Saruman in [[Orthanc]]. In Moria he can be played to destroy the [[Balrog]] and in Minas Tirith he has to defend the gates of the second ring. He is also one of the four playable heroes in the last mission, [[The Battle of the Morannon|the battle of the Black Gate]]. He appears as well at the end of the last mission, the Shire, of the evil campaign, in which he is defeated by [[Sauron]].
:He is also playable in the Shire, Isengard, Minas Tirith and Moria with the ''Conquest'' Mode, in Isengard and Minas Tirith in the ''Team Deathmatch'' mode, the citadel of Minas Tirith in ''Capture the Ring'' mode, and at the Black Gate, Minas Morgul, Mount Doom and the Shire during ''Hero Team Deathmatch'' mode.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Gandalf is voiced by [[Tom Kane]], who also narrates the introduction of the game. He tells that heroes like "[[Aragorn|Aragorn the King]]", "[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo the Ringbearer]]" and "'''Gandalf the Wizard'''" are rightly honoured, but that without a few heroes - [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] - the north of [[Middle-earth]] would have been lost.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref>
:He also appears in [[Rivendell]] later in the game. Players can interact with him and learn of various important events, yet the conversations do not unlock any side-quests and do not affect the main story in any way.

'''2012: ''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Gandalf is a mage-type "guardian" with four abilities: ''Narya's Power'', ''Flame of Anor'', ''Fireworks'' and ''Gandalf's Might''.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.guardiansofmiddleearth.co.uk/guardians/gandalf|articlename=''Guardians of Middle-earth'': Gandalf|dated=|website=[http://www.guardiansofmiddleearth.com/ ''Guardians of Middle-earth'' official website]|accessed=16 July 2012}}</ref>

{{notes}}
{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=maiar
| house=[[Maiar|Maia]] of [[Manwë]] & [[Varda]]
| born=[[Creation of the Ainur]]
| died=Sailed west on [[29 September]], {{TA|3019}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Saruman]]
| list=Chief of the [[Wizards|Istari]]
| dates=[[5 March]], {{TA|3019}} - [[29 September]], {{TA|3021|n}}
| nvac=None
| next=Position abolished
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Círdan]]
| list=[[Three Keepers|Keeper]] of [[Narya]]
| dates=c. {{TA|1000}} - after [[29 September]], {{TA|3021|n}}
| nvac=None
| next=Presumably, still Gandalf
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position established
| list=Leader of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]
| dates=[[25 December]], {{TA|3018}} - [[15 January]], {{TA|3019|n}}
| next=[[Aragorn]]
}}
{{seq-end}}{{ainur}}
{{Thorin and Company}}{{companyroute}}
{{councilofelrond}}
{{fellowship}}{{FellowshipRoute}}
{{ringbearers}}{{hobbitfilms}}
{{lordoftheringsfilms}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Norse names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Wizards]]
[[de:Gandalf]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:ainur:maiar:istari:gandalf]]
[[fi:Gandalf]]

Cambridge Tolkien Society

2025-04-22T03:14:18Z

Bubonicfred: Update links and expand Publication section slightly

'''The Cambridge Tolkien Society''', CTS, is a [[Tolkien Societies|Tolkien society]] of [[Cambridge]], England founded in 1983.<ref>http://tolkien.soc.ucam.org/ (accessed 06-12-2011)</ref>

==Publications==
CTS has published its magazine '' Anor''<ref>https://tolkien.soc.ucam.org/Anor
(accessed 22-04-2025)</ref> since it was founded, continuing to publish new issues once or twice a year. Back issues can be accessed for free through their website.

==External links==
* [https://tolkien.soc.ucam.org Official Website]

{{references}}
[[Category:British organizations]]
[[Category:Smials]]

The Young Magicians

2025-04-22T02:58:02Z

Bubonicfred: /* Contents */ Update link to Gutenberg Australia

{{book
|title=The Young Magicians
| image = The Young Magicians.jpg
|author=edited by [[Lin Carter]]
|publisher=Ballantine Books (United States)
|date=October [[1969]]
|format=Paperback
|pages=280
|noisbn=N/A
}}
'''''The Young Magicians''''' is an anthology of fantasy short stories, edited by [[Lin Carter]] and featuring cover art by Sheryl Slavitt. It was first published in paperback by Ballantine Books in October 1969 as the seventh volume of the ''Ballantine Adult Fantasy'' series. It was the second such anthology assembled by Carter for the series, issued simultaneously with the first, ''Dragons, Elves, and Heroes''. The book collects eighteen fantasy tales and poems by various authors, including [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], with an overall introduction and notes by Carter.

== Contents ==
*"Introduction: Diana's Foresters" ([[Lin Carter]])
*"Rapunzel" ([[William Morris]])
*"The Sword of Welleran" (Lord Dunsany)
*"In Valhalla" (E.R. Eddison)
*"The Way of Ecben" ([[James Branch Cabell]])
*"The Quest of Iranon" (H. P. Lovecraft)
*"The Cats of Ulthar" (H. P. Lovecraft)
*"The Maze of Maal Dweb" (Clark Ashton Smith)
*"The Whelming of Oom" (Lin Carter)
*"Through the Dragon Glass" (A. Merritt)
*"[https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600731h.html The Valley of the Worm]" ([[Robert E. Howard]])
*"Heldendämmerung" (poem) ([[L. Sprague de Camp]])
*"Cursed be the City" (Henry Kuttner)
*"Ka the Appalling" ([[L. Sprague de Camp]])
*"Turjan of Miir" (Jack Vance)
*"Narnian Suite" (poem) ([[C.S. Lewis]])
*"[[Once upon a Time|Once Upon a Time]]" (poem) ([[J.R.R. Tolkien]])
*"[[The Dragon's Visit]]" (poem) ([[J.R.R. Tolkien]])
*"Azlon" (Lin Carter)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Young Magicians, The}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Books with contribution by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Poetry books]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

Robert E. Howard

2025-04-20T08:21:54Z

Bubonicfred: rm extra link

'''Robert E. Howard''' (22 January 1906 – 11 June 1936) was an American author, famous for his stories about [[Wikipedia:Conan the Barbarian|Conan the Barbarian]] and for creating the genre [[Wikipedia:Sword and sorcery|sword and sorcery]].

In July [[1964]], [[L. Sprague de Camp]] had sent [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] a copy of his anthology ''[[Swords & Sorcery]]'', which included Howard's short story "[https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600971h.html Shadows in the Moonlight]". Tolkien sent [[Letter to L. Sprague de Camp|a letter to de Camp in August 1964]], expressing mixed opinions about the stories in the anthology.<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 622</ref> In February [[1967]], when de Camp and [[Wikipedia:Alan E. Nourse|Alan E. Nourse]] visited Tolkien for an interview, he "indicated that he 'rather liked' Howard's Conan stories".<ref>[[L. Sprague de Camp]], ''[[Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers]]'', pp. 243-4</ref><ref>Dale Nelson, "Howard, Robert E. (1906-36)", in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia]]'' ([[Michael D.C. Drout]], ed.), p.287</ref><ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 688</ref>

In [[1969]], Howard's "[https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600731h.html The Valley of the Worm]" appeared alongside two of Tolkien's poems in the anthology ''[[Young Magicians]]'' (edited by [[Lin Carter]]).

==Bibliography, selected==
*[[1963]]: ''[[Swords & Sorcery]]''
**"[https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600971h.html Shadows in the Moonlight]"
*[[1969]]: ''[[Young Magicians]]''
**"[https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600731h.html The Valley of the Worm]"

==See also==
*''[[J.R.R. Tolkien, Robert E. Howard and the Birth of Modern Fantasy]]''

==External links==
*{{WP|Robert E. Howard}}
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Howard, Robert E.}}
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:People by name]]

Robert E. Howard

2025-04-20T08:21:08Z

Bubonicfred: Fix links to Gutenberg Australia books

'''Robert E. Howard''' (22 January 1906 – 11 June 1936) was an American author, famous for his stories about [[Wikipedia:Conan the Barbarian|Conan the Barbarian]] and for creating the genre [[Wikipedia:Sword and sorcery|sword and sorcery]].

In July [[1964]], [[L. Sprague de Camp]] had sent [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] a copy of his anthology ''[[Swords & Sorcery]]'', which included Howard's short story "[https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600971h.html Shadows in the Moonlight]". Tolkien sent [[Letter to L. Sprague de Camp|a letter to de Camp in August 1964]], expressing mixed opinions about the stories in the anthology.<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 622</ref> In February [[1967]], when de Camp and [[Wikipedia:Alan E. Nourse|Alan E. Nourse]] visited Tolkien for an interview, he "indicated that he 'rather liked' Howard's Conan stories".<ref>[[L. Sprague de Camp]], ''[[Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers]]'', pp. 243-4</ref><ref>Dale Nelson, "Howard, Robert E. (1906-36)", in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia]]'' ([[Michael D.C. Drout]], ed.), p.287</ref><ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 688</ref>
https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600971h.html
In [[1969]], Howard's "[https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600731h.html The Valley of the Worm]" appeared alongside two of Tolkien's poems in the anthology ''[[Young Magicians]]'' (edited by [[Lin Carter]]).

==Bibliography, selected==
*[[1963]]: ''[[Swords & Sorcery]]''
**"[https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600971h.html Shadows in the Moonlight]"
*[[1969]]: ''[[Young Magicians]]''
**"[https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0600731h.html The Valley of the Worm]"

==See also==
*''[[J.R.R. Tolkien, Robert E. Howard and the Birth of Modern Fantasy]]''

==External links==
*{{WP|Robert E. Howard}}
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Howard, Robert E.}}
[[Category:American people]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:People by name]]

Eric Lugg

2025-04-20T07:53:33Z

Bubonicfred: Update IMDB link to https

'''Eric Lugg''' was an English actor. He provided the voice of [[Gimli]] in [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]].

==External links==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0525219/ Eric Lugg] at [http://www.imdb.com/ IMDb]

[[Category:Actors and actresses|Lugg, Eric]]
[[Category:British people|Lugg, Eric]]
[[Category:People by name|Lugg, Eric]]

Phantastes

2025-04-20T07:48:06Z

Bubonicfred: Update Project Gutenberg links

{{book
| title=Phantastes: A Faerie Romance for Men and Women
| image = Phantastes.jpg
| caption =
| author=[[George MacDonald]]
| publisher=United Kingdom: Smith, Elder & Co.
| date=1858
| format=Hardback & paperback
| pages=323
| noisbn=N/A
| amazon=
| amazonprice=
}}
'''''Phantastes: A Faerie Romance for Men and Women''''' is fantasy novel written by [[George MacDonald]]. [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] had read the book (although he did not much like it),<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to L.M. Cutts]]" (letter), ''[[Sotheby's English Literature, History, Fine Bindings, Private Press Books, Children's Books, Illustrated Books and Drawings 10 July 2003]]''</ref> and its notion of animated trees apparently was an inspiration for the creation of the [[Ents]] ''(see further, [[George MacDonald#Ents|MacDonald, Tolkien, and Ents]])''.
==External links==
*{{WP|Phantastes}}
*[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/325 Complete free eBook version of ''Phantastes''] at [https://www.gutenberg.org Project Gutenberg]
{{references}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

Talk:Fonts

2025-04-20T07:25:35Z

Bubonicfred: /* Tengwar Enquantuvar Font */ new section

== Tengwar Enquantuvar Font ==

Stumbled across this font and it doesn't seem to be listed.
[https://tengwar.woalk.de/enquantuvar-font/| Tengwar Enquantuvar] [[User:Bubonicfred|Bubonicfred]] ([[User talk:Bubonicfred|talk]]) 07:25, 20 April 2025 (UTC)

Certhas Daeron

2025-04-20T06:28:22Z

Bubonicfred: Update font link to be consistent with use on Cirth

{{font|[http://www.tolkiendil.com/telechargements/polices/angerthas_et_runes#cirth_erebor Cirth Erebor] by [[Dan Smith]]}}

'''Certhas Daeron''' is the name of the standardization that [[Daeron]] performed in the ancient [[Cirth]] during the [[First Age]].
== Table ==
{| border="1"
|-
| 1
| p
| 8
| t
| e
| c
| R
| r
|-
| 2
| b
| 9
| d
| r
| g
| T
| rh
|-
| 3
| f
| 0
| th
| t
| ch
| a
| l
|-
| 4
| v
| !
| dh
| y
| gh
| s
| lh
|-
| 5
| m?>hw
| @
| n
| u
| ñ
| g
| s
|-
| 6
| ?>m
|
|
| #
| h
| h
| ss
|-
| 7
| mh
|-
| l
| i, y-
| S
| u
| z
| e
| c
| a
| b
| o
|-
|
|
| D
| ú
| x
| é
| v
| á
| n
| ó
|-
|
|
| F
| w
|
|
|
|
| m
| œ
|-
|
|
| G
| y
|-
|}
==History==
In {{YT|1350}},<ref>{{HM|WJ}}, [[The Grey Annals]]</ref> Dairon (better known as [[Daeron]]), the Minstrel and Loremaster of [[Doriath]], reorganised the cirth and added new ones, making the extension of the cirth known as Certhas Daeron, used for inscribing names in [[Menegroth]]. The [[Dwarves]] working for [[Thingol]] liked them and adopted them, making them known also in the East, beyond the [[Blue Mountains]].

The nature and the timeframe of the standardization however are obscure; some point the similarities between q and 1 with 1 and 8 as signs that Daeron was influenced by the [[Tengwar]], therefore this must not have occurred before the return of the [[Noldor]]. Unlike the previous system, the reversal of the certh had a phonemic significance: reversed cirth were softer versions of their originals. This also gives us another piece of information: perhaps [[prestanneth|lenited]] consonants must have started to occur in Sindarin around that time.

==Alterations==
We know the sound of ''mh'' (soft ''m'') was needed at some later time<ref>{{HM|AE}}</ref> and the most appropriate solution was to reverse the certh for ''m'' to indicate its softening, but it could not be reversed (presumably it was the certh 5); therefore ''m'' was given to 6 (which until then had a value unknown to us), and 5 got the value of ''hw''.

The same process took place with ''r'', ''l'' etc..

Maybe at that time, also the distinct cirth for semivowels and umlauts (sounds like ''w'', ''y'' and ''œ''), were employed.

{{references}}
{{languages}}

[[Category:Writing systems]]

Fonts

2025-04-20T05:53:55Z

Bubonicfred: Change link for Half-Elven to H page as no longer on main page/easier to find

{{Cleanup}}
[[Image:Daniel Reeve - Lettering.gif|thumb|250px|An assortment of letterings done by [[Daniel Reeve]]. (Unfortunately these are not available fonts)]]
Several '''fonts''' based on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s work or its adaptations have been made. This page lists several of them.

==Tengwar==
'''Note''': The following section is originally compiled by [https://www.reddit.com/user/RetroRaiderD42 /u/RetroRaiderD42] on Reddit. Incorporating the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170223035215/https://quenya101.com/tengwar-fonts-ultimate-guide/ Quenya101 Tengwar Fonts Ultimate Guide], and with thanks to the [https://www.reddit.com/r/Tengwar/ r/Tengwar community] for the additional fonts.

{| class="wikitable"gi
|-
!Keyboard layout!!Description
|-
|Pre-Smith||Fonts known to predate [[Dan Smith|Dan Smith’s]] layout or otherwise use a non-standard keyboard layout.
|-
|Smith||Fonts using Dan Smith’s 1998 layout (listed on the r/Tengwar fonts page as “ASCII based”) and all layouts derived from it.
|-
|Smith-derived||Fonts that are largely compatible with or were based on the Smith Layout but deviated in some way and/or include OpenType features
|-
|Unicode/TFFP||Fonts which follow the standards of the Tengwar Free Font Project, itself following the ConScript Unicode Registry’s assignment of code points in Unicode’s Private Use Area.
|}

===High Elven===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Keyboard layout!!Description
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20100412084312/http:/home.student.uu.se/jowi4905/fonts/annatar.html Tengwar Annatar]||© 2004 – 2005 by Johan Winge||Smith||Tengwar Annatar as you see in the image above is a standard writing, balanced and with a neutral elvish style.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20100412084312/http:/home.student.uu.se/jowi4905/fonts/annatar.html Tengwar Annatar Italics]||© 2004 – 2005 by Johan Winge||Smith||Tengwar Annatar Italics is the #1 choice of Tolkien fans as it’s the One Ring inscription and it flows beautifully in a cursive and “liquid” way.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140208105654/http:/www.acondia.com/fonts/tengwar/index.html Tengwar Noldor]||© 1998 by Dan Smith||Smith||Tengwar Noldor is the most Dwarvish Tengwar can get! Full of straight lines, it’s perfect for chiseling stone and perhaps make amends with that stunted bearded people!
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20100224054608/http:/enrombel.byteact.com:80/ Tengwar Gothika]||© 2005 by Enrique Mombello||Smith||Elves in Middle-Ages? Unusual combination, but why not? Tengwar Gothika is one of my favorite ones! It adds an air of medieval taste to the already beautiful alphabet.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140208105654/http:/www.acondia.com/fonts/tengwar/index.html Tengwar Quenya]||© 1998 by Dan Smith||Smith||Tengwar Quenya is a serious font with stern face and balanced visual. It’s good for documents or history specially those related to… Alqualondë burning ships! (Trolling Thingol)
|-
|[https://at.boktypografen.se/tengwareldamar.htm Tengwar Eldamar]||© 2006 – 2007 by [[Måns Björkman]]||Unicode/TFFP||Tengwar Eldamar feels like a dagger. It’s a sharp font with pretty marked tehtar. To me, it’s the most “Arabic” of Tengwar fonts. I can’t explain, I just feel that about it!
|-
|[https://github.com/Ariador/tengwar-ariador Tengwar Ariador]
|© 2025 by Igor Voloshin
|Smith, Latin-1 QWERTY
|Tengwar Ariador is compact and elegant, most suited for Quenya typing but available both in Dan Smith's and in generic Qwerty layouts.
|}

===Grey Elven===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Keyboard layout!!Description
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20100224054608/http:/enrombel.byteact.com:80/ Tengwar Beleriand]||© 2008 Enrique Mombello||Unicode/TFFP||Tengwar Beleriand has a nice standard visual with stylish curvy ends in some tengwar and tehtar. Well balanced and the favorite of most Avari!
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140208105654/http:/www.acondia.com/fonts/tengwar/index.html Tengwar Sindarin]||© 1998 by Dan Smith||Smith||Tengwar Sindarin may be called cousin to Tengwar Quenya. Both are alike but this one here is merrier, almost handwritten one might say, with a rounded quality stressed in it.
|-
|[http://www.oocities.com/tom_redruth/fonts1.html Tengwar Galvorn]||© 2004 by Josh Griffing||Smith||Tengwar Galvorn is a crystal, hollow and perhaps shiny font. It’s huge also. (It’s size 12 like the others, but can you see the difference?)
|-
|[http://www.oocities.com/tom_redruth/fonts1.html Tengwar Mornedhel]||© 2004 by Josh Griffing||Smith||Tengwar Mornedhel is the twin sister of Galvorn. The only difference is the darkness. Mornedhel means Dark Elf in Sindarin, so it makes sense.
|-
|[http://at.mansbjorkman.net/parmaite.htm Tengwar Parmaite]||© 2001 by Måns Björkman|| ||Tengwar Parmaite is a formal, well styled and pretty tiny font. I didn’t mess with the size again, that’s its natural size 12 like all other fonts presented here.
|-
|[http://www.peter-wiegel.de/ElbicCaslon.html Elfic Caslin]||© 2009 by Peter Wiegel||Smith||Surprise, surprise! A Tengwar font that is not called Tengwar! I love this one! It’s like a typewrite version of what Tengwar should look like. Perfect for writing newspaper!
|}

===Green Elven===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Description
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20100224054608/http:/enrombel.byteact.com:80/ Tengwar Elfica]||© 2003 by Enrique Mombello||Smith||Tengwar Elfica resembles a little bit Tengwar Beleriand but the tehtar as well as its tengwar are slight modified to give a different feel to the font. A good one.
|-
|[http://www.peter-wiegel.de/greifswaldertengwar.html Greifswalder Tengwar]||© 2009 by Peter Wiegel||Smith||Greifswalder Tengwar is different even in the name. It feels like a mixture of Armenian/Georgian alphabet to me. Its Tengwar are interestingly linked when written.
|-
|[http://www.peter-wiegel.de/TengwarOptime.html TengwarOptime]||© 2009 by Peter Wiegel||Smith||TengwarOptime (yes, altogether) is a block font, mechanic and it feels like a robot would write that way.
|-
|[http://www.oocities.com/tom_redruth/fonts1.html Tengwar Teleri]||© 2003 by Josh Griffing||Smith||Tengwar Teleri is not a proof that Elves have bad calligraphy. Take a close look: it’s swans you see! That’s right! A weird looking, original font from that Teleri people!
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171208012904/http:/tengwarformal.limes.com.pl:80/ Tengwar Formal]||© 2009 by Michał Nowakowski||Smith||Tengwar Formal is a very thin and elegant font. Its form is delicate and it reminds me a feminine calligraphy.
|-
|[http://www.ib.usp.br/~otto/fonts.htm Tengwar Hereno]||© 2004 by Paulo Otto and [[Ronald Kyrmse]]||Unknown||Tengwar Atari this one should be called! It’s definitely a font for old vintage computer games!
|}

===Silvan Elven===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Keyboard layout!!Description
|-
|[https://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/tengtelc.html Tengwar Telcontar]||© 2005 – 2009 by Johan Winge||Unicode/TFFP||Extremely versatile font. Usable only in OpenOffice Writer (here at size 24) but you can customize ligatures, underlines, decorations… wonderful! Easy to type due its mapping and it adjusts its own tehtar by itself! What a prime!
|-
|[https://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/tengtelc.html Tengwar Telcontar Underlined]||© 2005 – 2009 by Johan Winge||Unicode/TFFP||One of the custom “modes” within Tengwar Telcontar. Those underlines with random dots here and there adds to this font charm and enhances the beauty of Tengwar writing.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20221222042807/http:/www.saunalahti.fi/alboin/tengwar.htm Tengwar Cursive]||© 2000 by Harri Perälä||Unknown||Tengwar Cursive is a tiny font (here size 24) with some casual and yet elegant calligraphy. Its curvy style is its great charm. It’s like Gandalf writing Tengwar casually in kind of a hurry. ''Note: Perälä considers this to be incomplete and obsolete, recommending Tengwar Annatar as an alternative.''
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20130603195617/http:/home.student.uu.se/jowi4905/nostalgi/tengwar/ Tengwar Naïve]||© 1997, 2004 by Johan Winge, adjusted by Erunno Alcarinollo in 2016||Smith||Tengwar Naive is a little small too (here it’s size 18) and its original rendition got minor problems which I had to adjust and modify. Its essence is round and a bit elvish teens, I would say.
|-
|Tengwar Gandalf the White||© 2005 by Michael S. Elliott, adjusted by Erunno Alcarinollo in 2016||Smith||Tengwar-Gandalf = HUGE problem. I had to fix some many things with it, that it’d be completely appropriate to call it “Tengwar Gandalf the White”. Check the two pics to compare! Gandalf was indeed reborn to become better!
|-
|Tengwar Kids||© 2016 by Erunno Alcarinillo||Unknown||Exclusive Quenya101 Tengwar font! Tengwar Kids resembles an elvish child’s calligraphy just learning how to write. Cool, huh? If you want to download this font, click in its name and follow the instructions.*
|}

===Unicode Fonts w/Tengwar Support===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Description
|-
|[https://www.code2001.com/ Code2000]||© 1998 – 2008 by James Kass||General Unicode fonts with Tengwar and Cirth support.
|-
|[https://www.code2001.com/ Code2001]||© 2012 by James Kass||General Unicode fonts with Tengwar and Cirth support.
|-
|[http://www.kreativekorp.com/software/fonts/constructium/ Constructium]||KreativeKorp||General ConScript fork of [https://software.sil.org/gentium/ SIL Gentium] with Tengwar and Cirth support.
|-
|[https://at.boktypografen.se/eldamar/ Eldamar]||Måns Björkman||Unicode font which combines Tengwar Eldamar (see above), Sarati Eldamar, Valmaric Eldamar, Pre-Feanorian, Rúmilian, and the New English Alphabet. Currently in Beta.
|-
|[https://www.kreativekorp.com/software/fonts/fairfaxhd/ Fairfax HD]||KreativeKorp||Halfwidth scalable monospace ConScript font for terminals, text editors, IDEs, etc. with Tengwar and Cirth support.
|-
|[https://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/freemonotengwar.html FreeMonoTengwar]|| ||Based on the FreeMono font, part of the [https://www.gnu.org/software/freefont/ GNU FreeFont] family.
|}

===TengTeX Fonts===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Description
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20081121081606/http:/mayatecnologie.com/~vice/elvishtc/tiadfonts.html Computer Modern Tengwar]||© 2002 by [[Ivan A. Derzhanski]]||
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20081121081606/http:/mayatecnologie.com/~vice/elvishtc/tiadfonts.html Computer Roman Tengwar]||© 2002 by Ivan A. Derzhanski||
|-
|[http://tolklang.quettar.org/fonts/ Teng10]||© 1991 by [[Julian Bradfield]]||
|-
|[https://ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tengwar?lang=en Tengwar]||© 1988, 1994 by Michael Urban||
|}

===Miscellaneous===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Keyboard layout!!Description
|-
|[https://www.tosche.net/fonts/alcarin-tengwar Alcarin Tengwar]||© 2023 by Toshi Omagari||Unicode/TFFP||Based on the [https://brill.com/page/BrillFont/brill-typeface Brill] typeface.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarNenya Tengwar Nenya]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Italic companion to Alcarin Tengwar.
|-
|[http://tengwar.art.pl/tengwar/fonty.php Elfetica]||Ronald Kyrmse||Smith||Based on Max Miedinger's Helvetica, one of the most famous sans-serif fonts, closely imitated by Arial. It is meant for writing in "modern-looking" Tengwar.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20150124064758/http:/anmfonts.freeiz.com/ TengwarElfetica]||© 2005 by AnonMoos||Smith||Revision of Ronald Kyrmse’s Elfetica*
|-
|[https://www.councilofelrond.com/downloadcats/fonts/ Moroma]||Lawrence M. Schoen||Pre-Smith||Created by the author and founder of the Klingon Language Institute.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220522015242/https:/www.deniart.com/tolkien_scripts.shtml Tengwanda Gothic]||© 2011 by Deniart||Unknown||Blackletter.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220522015242/https:/www.deniart.com/tolkien_scripts.shtml Tengwanda Namarie]||© 2011 by Deniart||Unknown||Cursive.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarArtano Tengwar Artano]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Unicode font based on Tengwar Annatar Italics by Johan Winge, using the mapping devised by the Free Tengwar Font Project.
|-
|[https://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/formal.html Tengwar Formal CSUR]|| ||Unicode/TFFP||Modification by the Free Tengwar Font Project to use their character mapping in Unicode’s Private Use Area.
|-
|[https://tengtelc.wordpress.com/2010/01/09/tengwar-gandalf/ Tengwar Gandalf Classic]||© Michael S. Elliott||Pre-Smith||Two versions.
|-
|[https://www.hybridelephant.com/computer/graphic/ Tengwar Sindarinwa] (formerly Tengwar Medium)||© Mr. Salamandir||Smith||Based on Tengwar Gandalf V1, $25.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarGondolin Tengwar Gondolin]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Majuscule typeface with inspiration from Latin, Greek, and Cryllic capitals, based on glyphs from Libertinus. Includes tehtar and traditional minscule forms, but the majuscule forms are designed to be used independant of them.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarHanno Tengwar Hanno]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Based on Baloo 2 by Ek Type.
|-
|[http://www.helmutwpesch.de/page-14/index.html Tengwar Ingolme]||© 2021 by [[Helmut W. Pesch]]||Smith||Based on VAG Rounded, but designed from scratch, this is a pared-down sans-serif font designed for keyboard stickers, and the download includes a full layout. Ingolme is Quenyan for "lore, knowledge, scholarship".
|-
|[https://www.behance.net/gallery/278436/Tengwar-New Tengwar New]||Marcin Przybys||Unknown||Tengwar Helvetica (“Hengwar”.)*
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarPixel Tengwar Pixel]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Based on the lettering in the GBA ''Pokémon'' games.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarRacina Tengwar Rácina]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Unicode Blackletter font based on Tengwar Gothika by Enrique Mombello and [https://github.com/ctrlcctrlv/chomsky Chomsky] by Frederick Brennan, using the mapping devised by the [https://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/mapping.html Free Tengwar Font Project].
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220520001600/https:/middangeard.org.uk/aglardh/index.php/silumie Tengwar Silúmie]||© 2020 Tamas Ferencz||Smith-derived||Classical Latin-inspired experimental font which uses a modified version of Dan Smith's keyboard layout, utilizing OpenType features to reduce the number of keys required. Slab serifs and variable stroke width aplenty.
|-
|[http://tencedil.basvanhoorn.nl/ Tengwar Telperinquaro] (Tengwar Tellepsalinnacontar)||© 2010 by Bas van Hoorn aka Tencedil||Unicode/TFFP||
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarMiriel Tengwar Míriel]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Based on Tengwar Telperinquaro.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20111220163447/https:/sexy.omgwtf.net/fonts.html Tengwar Typewriter]||Jeff Anderson||Smith-derived||"A Tengwar font for Sindarin mode—I strayed from the keyboard layout of Dan Smith’s fonts, but those were difficult to work with. (btw, The circumflex accent key is another position of the “a” vowel point.)"
|-
|[https://github.com/natewind/tengwar-yantaina Tengwar Yantaina]||Nate Reinar Windwood||Smith-derived||A modification of Dan Smith’s Tengwar Sindarin that includes a transcriber for Classical Mode, built on OpenType substitutions.
|}

===Tengwar-Style Latin/Faux Tengwar===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Description
|-
|[https://www.teawithtolkien.com/fonts Elvish Ring NFI]||Norfolk Incredible Font Design||Gloriously messy faux Tengwar font, some glyphs only identifiable in the context of a full word. Font of choice for Elven Diaspora bakeries.
|-
|[http://www.iconian.com/h.html Half-Elven]||© 2012 by Daniel Zadorozny||A very neat font, perfect for graphic design and the like, especially given it comes in 11 (!) different styles.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/LatinArtano Latin Artano]||Shankar Sivarajan||Latin sister font to Tengwar Artano, likewise based on glyphs from Tengwar Annatar Italics. A unicameral font, where any upper-case letters are automatically converted to lower-case ones.
|-
|[https://www.councilofelrond.com/downloadcats/fonts/ Tencele Latinwa]||© 2003 by Ronald Kyrmse||"Tencele Latinwa ("Latin Alphabet" in Quenya) assigns to each letter of the keyboard a tengwar-lookalike. It is based on Måns Björkman's Tengwar Parmaite, which in my opinion is the most beautiful tengwar font to date."
|-
|[https://localfonts.eu/freefonts/decorative-cyrillic-free-fonts/tengwar-sindarin/ Tengwar Sindarin 2]||© 2017 by Vasil Stanev||A more "Medieval Formal" take on Latinized Tengwar which also has support for Cryllic, based on Dan Smith's original Tengwar Sindarin.
|}

==Other==
'''Item of note:'''
Several of these fonts are [[tengwar]] or [[angerthas]]. These do not have a one-on-one transliteration with Latin script. Usually, some guide to the proper usage is included.

''[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts.html Listing courtesy of the Tolkien Font Page at Thehutt.de]''

'''Ringbearer Medium''' - The font from the "Lord of the Rings" title logo. 
v1.00 © Pete Klassen, 2002 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/ringbearer.zip Download] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/ringbearer/readme.html Readme] 
 
'''Aniron''' - The font from the "Lord of the Rings" end credits. 
v1.00 © Pete Klassen, 2004 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/aniron.zip Download (Unicode)] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/anironc.zip Download (Cyrillic)] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/aniron/readme.html Readme] 
 
'''Albertus MT''' - The font from the movie subtitle ("The Fellowship of the Ring") of the "Lord of the Rings" logo. 
© Agfa, 1999 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/albert.zip Download Western] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/albertr.zip Download Cyrillic] 
 
'''Angerthas''' 
Author Unknown 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/angerthas.zip Download] 
 
'''Angerthas Moria''' 
© Morten Bek, 1997 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/angerthasmoria.zip Download] 
 
'''Athelas''' 
© TypeTogether, 2009 
[https://freefontsfamily.com/athelas-font-family-free-download Download] 
 
'''Bilbo Hand''' - The archive contains 3 types 
© Nancy Lorenz, 2002 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/bilboh.zip Download] 
 
'''Cirth Erebor''' (6 Fonts) 
© [[Dan Smith]], 1998 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/cirtherebor.zip Download] 
 
'''Elven Common Speak''' - Latin alphabet in Elvish style 
© Nancy Lorenz 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/elven.zip Download] 
 
'''Fanjofey AH''' (2 Fonts) - Latin fonts in hand-written Tengwar style 
© Andreas Höfeld 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/fanjofey_ah.zip Download] 
 
'''First Order''' (6 Fonts) - A font, similar to the font in the "Lord of the Rings" credits. But not very similar. 
© Daniel Zadorozny 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/first_order.zip Download] 
 
'''Hobbiton''' - A font from the maps and signs of Hobbiton 
© Nancy Lorenz, 2001 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/hobbiton.zip Download] 
 
'''Hobbiton Brushed''' - A font from the maps and signs of Hobbiton 
© Nancy Lorenz, 2001 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/hobbitonb.zip Download] 
 
'''Kelt''' - A font similar to what is used in the movie. 
© Bay Animation Inc., 1994 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/kelt.zip Download Western] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/stonehenge.zip Download Cyrillic] 
 
'''Moon Runes''' 
Author Unknown 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/moonrune.zip Download] 
 
'''Party Business''' - A font from the sign at Bilbo's door 
© Nancy Lorenz, 2002 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/party.zip Download] 
 
'''Anglo-Saxon Runes''' (3 Fonts) 
© Dan Smith, 1998 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/runea.zip Download] 
 
'''Dwarf Runes''' (3 Fonts) 
© Dan Smith, 1998 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/runed.zip Download] 
 
'''Germanic Runes''' (3 Fonts) 
© Dan Smith, 1998 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/runeg.zip Download] 
 
'''Runic''' (3 Fonts) - Western font in Rune style. The example shows "GANDALF FOR PRESIDENT". Upper case is in Cyrillic. 
© Dmitry Derevenjov & Nikolay Dubina 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/runic.zip Download] 
 
'''Tengwar''' (3 Fonts) 
© Paolo A. Otto, 1994 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/tengwar.zip Download] 
 
'''Viking''' - Another fantasy font in celtic style. 
© Corel, 1992 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/viking.zip Download Western] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/vikingr.zip Download Cyrillic] 

==External links==
*[http://tengwar.art.pl/tengwar/fonty.php Tengwar na PC : fonty] Polish page with a list of tengwar fonts with their links.
*[http://www.danielreeve.co.nz/Fonts/ Purchase Tolkien Fonts from Daniel Reeve]
*[http://www.yourfilehost.com/media.php?cat=other&file=2531Teitho_sindarin.zip Flash-based Tengwar typing program]
*[http://www.acondia.com/fonts/ Dan Smith's Fantasy Fonts]

[[Category:Languages (real-world)]]

Fonts

2025-04-20T05:02:23Z

Bubonicfred: Fix github link (.org to .com)

{{Cleanup}}
[[Image:Daniel Reeve - Lettering.gif|thumb|250px|An assortment of letterings done by [[Daniel Reeve]]. (Unfortunately these are not available fonts)]]
Several '''fonts''' based on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s work or its adaptations have been made. This page lists several of them.

==Tengwar==
'''Note''': The following section is originally compiled by [https://www.reddit.com/user/RetroRaiderD42 /u/RetroRaiderD42] on Reddit. Incorporating the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170223035215/https://quenya101.com/tengwar-fonts-ultimate-guide/ Quenya101 Tengwar Fonts Ultimate Guide], and with thanks to the [https://www.reddit.com/r/Tengwar/ r/Tengwar community] for the additional fonts.

{| class="wikitable"gi
|-
!Keyboard layout!!Description
|-
|Pre-Smith||Fonts known to predate [[Dan Smith|Dan Smith’s]] layout or otherwise use a non-standard keyboard layout.
|-
|Smith||Fonts using Dan Smith’s 1998 layout (listed on the r/Tengwar fonts page as “ASCII based”) and all layouts derived from it.
|-
|Smith-derived||Fonts that are largely compatible with or were based on the Smith Layout but deviated in some way and/or include OpenType features
|-
|Unicode/TFFP||Fonts which follow the standards of the Tengwar Free Font Project, itself following the ConScript Unicode Registry’s assignment of code points in Unicode’s Private Use Area.
|}

===High Elven===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Keyboard layout!!Description
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20100412084312/http:/home.student.uu.se/jowi4905/fonts/annatar.html Tengwar Annatar]||© 2004 – 2005 by Johan Winge||Smith||Tengwar Annatar as you see in the image above is a standard writing, balanced and with a neutral elvish style.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20100412084312/http:/home.student.uu.se/jowi4905/fonts/annatar.html Tengwar Annatar Italics]||© 2004 – 2005 by Johan Winge||Smith||Tengwar Annatar Italics is the #1 choice of Tolkien fans as it’s the One Ring inscription and it flows beautifully in a cursive and “liquid” way.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140208105654/http:/www.acondia.com/fonts/tengwar/index.html Tengwar Noldor]||© 1998 by Dan Smith||Smith||Tengwar Noldor is the most Dwarvish Tengwar can get! Full of straight lines, it’s perfect for chiseling stone and perhaps make amends with that stunted bearded people!
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20100224054608/http:/enrombel.byteact.com:80/ Tengwar Gothika]||© 2005 by Enrique Mombello||Smith||Elves in Middle-Ages? Unusual combination, but why not? Tengwar Gothika is one of my favorite ones! It adds an air of medieval taste to the already beautiful alphabet.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140208105654/http:/www.acondia.com/fonts/tengwar/index.html Tengwar Quenya]||© 1998 by Dan Smith||Smith||Tengwar Quenya is a serious font with stern face and balanced visual. It’s good for documents or history specially those related to… Alqualondë burning ships! (Trolling Thingol)
|-
|[https://at.boktypografen.se/tengwareldamar.htm Tengwar Eldamar]||© 2006 – 2007 by [[Måns Björkman]]||Unicode/TFFP||Tengwar Eldamar feels like a dagger. It’s a sharp font with pretty marked tehtar. To me, it’s the most “Arabic” of Tengwar fonts. I can’t explain, I just feel that about it!
|-
|[https://github.com/Ariador/tengwar-ariador Tengwar Ariador]
|© 2025 by Igor Voloshin
|Smith, Latin-1 QWERTY
|Tengwar Ariador is compact and elegant, most suited for Quenya typing but available both in Dan Smith's and in generic Qwerty layouts.
|}

===Grey Elven===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Keyboard layout!!Description
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20100224054608/http:/enrombel.byteact.com:80/ Tengwar Beleriand]||© 2008 Enrique Mombello||Unicode/TFFP||Tengwar Beleriand has a nice standard visual with stylish curvy ends in some tengwar and tehtar. Well balanced and the favorite of most Avari!
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140208105654/http:/www.acondia.com/fonts/tengwar/index.html Tengwar Sindarin]||© 1998 by Dan Smith||Smith||Tengwar Sindarin may be called cousin to Tengwar Quenya. Both are alike but this one here is merrier, almost handwritten one might say, with a rounded quality stressed in it.
|-
|[http://www.oocities.com/tom_redruth/fonts1.html Tengwar Galvorn]||© 2004 by Josh Griffing||Smith||Tengwar Galvorn is a crystal, hollow and perhaps shiny font. It’s huge also. (It’s size 12 like the others, but can you see the difference?)
|-
|[http://www.oocities.com/tom_redruth/fonts1.html Tengwar Mornedhel]||© 2004 by Josh Griffing||Smith||Tengwar Mornedhel is the twin sister of Galvorn. The only difference is the darkness. Mornedhel means Dark Elf in Sindarin, so it makes sense.
|-
|[http://at.mansbjorkman.net/parmaite.htm Tengwar Parmaite]||© 2001 by Måns Björkman|| ||Tengwar Parmaite is a formal, well styled and pretty tiny font. I didn’t mess with the size again, that’s its natural size 12 like all other fonts presented here.
|-
|[http://www.peter-wiegel.de/ElbicCaslon.html Elfic Caslin]||© 2009 by Peter Wiegel||Smith||Surprise, surprise! A Tengwar font that is not called Tengwar! I love this one! It’s like a typewrite version of what Tengwar should look like. Perfect for writing newspaper!
|}

===Green Elven===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Description
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20100224054608/http:/enrombel.byteact.com:80/ Tengwar Elfica]||© 2003 by Enrique Mombello||Smith||Tengwar Elfica resembles a little bit Tengwar Beleriand but the tehtar as well as its tengwar are slight modified to give a different feel to the font. A good one.
|-
|[http://www.peter-wiegel.de/greifswaldertengwar.html Greifswalder Tengwar]||© 2009 by Peter Wiegel||Smith||Greifswalder Tengwar is different even in the name. It feels like a mixture of Armenian/Georgian alphabet to me. Its Tengwar are interestingly linked when written.
|-
|[http://www.peter-wiegel.de/TengwarOptime.html TengwarOptime]||© 2009 by Peter Wiegel||Smith||TengwarOptime (yes, altogether) is a block font, mechanic and it feels like a robot would write that way.
|-
|[http://www.oocities.com/tom_redruth/fonts1.html Tengwar Teleri]||© 2003 by Josh Griffing||Smith||Tengwar Teleri is not a proof that Elves have bad calligraphy. Take a close look: it’s swans you see! That’s right! A weird looking, original font from that Teleri people!
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171208012904/http:/tengwarformal.limes.com.pl:80/ Tengwar Formal]||© 2009 by Michał Nowakowski||Smith||Tengwar Formal is a very thin and elegant font. Its form is delicate and it reminds me a feminine calligraphy.
|-
|[http://www.ib.usp.br/~otto/fonts.htm Tengwar Hereno]||© 2004 by Paulo Otto and [[Ronald Kyrmse]]||Unknown||Tengwar Atari this one should be called! It’s definitely a font for old vintage computer games!
|}

===Silvan Elven===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Keyboard layout!!Description
|-
|[https://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/tengtelc.html Tengwar Telcontar]||© 2005 – 2009 by Johan Winge||Unicode/TFFP||Extremely versatile font. Usable only in OpenOffice Writer (here at size 24) but you can customize ligatures, underlines, decorations… wonderful! Easy to type due its mapping and it adjusts its own tehtar by itself! What a prime!
|-
|[https://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/tengtelc.html Tengwar Telcontar Underlined]||© 2005 – 2009 by Johan Winge||Unicode/TFFP||One of the custom “modes” within Tengwar Telcontar. Those underlines with random dots here and there adds to this font charm and enhances the beauty of Tengwar writing.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20221222042807/http:/www.saunalahti.fi/alboin/tengwar.htm Tengwar Cursive]||© 2000 by Harri Perälä||Unknown||Tengwar Cursive is a tiny font (here size 24) with some casual and yet elegant calligraphy. Its curvy style is its great charm. It’s like Gandalf writing Tengwar casually in kind of a hurry. ''Note: Perälä considers this to be incomplete and obsolete, recommending Tengwar Annatar as an alternative.''
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20130603195617/http:/home.student.uu.se/jowi4905/nostalgi/tengwar/ Tengwar Naïve]||© 1997, 2004 by Johan Winge, adjusted by Erunno Alcarinollo in 2016||Smith||Tengwar Naive is a little small too (here it’s size 18) and its original rendition got minor problems which I had to adjust and modify. Its essence is round and a bit elvish teens, I would say.
|-
|Tengwar Gandalf the White||© 2005 by Michael S. Elliott, adjusted by Erunno Alcarinollo in 2016||Smith||Tengwar-Gandalf = HUGE problem. I had to fix some many things with it, that it’d be completely appropriate to call it “Tengwar Gandalf the White”. Check the two pics to compare! Gandalf was indeed reborn to become better!
|-
|Tengwar Kids||© 2016 by Erunno Alcarinillo||Unknown||Exclusive Quenya101 Tengwar font! Tengwar Kids resembles an elvish child’s calligraphy just learning how to write. Cool, huh? If you want to download this font, click in its name and follow the instructions.*
|}

===Unicode Fonts w/Tengwar Support===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Description
|-
|[https://www.code2001.com/ Code2000]||© 1998 – 2008 by James Kass||General Unicode fonts with Tengwar and Cirth support.
|-
|[https://www.code2001.com/ Code2001]||© 2012 by James Kass||General Unicode fonts with Tengwar and Cirth support.
|-
|[http://www.kreativekorp.com/software/fonts/constructium/ Constructium]||KreativeKorp||General ConScript fork of [https://software.sil.org/gentium/ SIL Gentium] with Tengwar and Cirth support.
|-
|[https://at.boktypografen.se/eldamar/ Eldamar]||Måns Björkman||Unicode font which combines Tengwar Eldamar (see above), Sarati Eldamar, Valmaric Eldamar, Pre-Feanorian, Rúmilian, and the New English Alphabet. Currently in Beta.
|-
|[https://www.kreativekorp.com/software/fonts/fairfaxhd/ Fairfax HD]||KreativeKorp||Halfwidth scalable monospace ConScript font for terminals, text editors, IDEs, etc. with Tengwar and Cirth support.
|-
|[https://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/freemonotengwar.html FreeMonoTengwar]|| ||Based on the FreeMono font, part of the [https://www.gnu.org/software/freefont/ GNU FreeFont] family.
|}

===TengTeX Fonts===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Description
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20081121081606/http:/mayatecnologie.com/~vice/elvishtc/tiadfonts.html Computer Modern Tengwar]||© 2002 by [[Ivan A. Derzhanski]]||
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20081121081606/http:/mayatecnologie.com/~vice/elvishtc/tiadfonts.html Computer Roman Tengwar]||© 2002 by Ivan A. Derzhanski||
|-
|[http://tolklang.quettar.org/fonts/ Teng10]||© 1991 by [[Julian Bradfield]]||
|-
|[https://ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tengwar?lang=en Tengwar]||© 1988, 1994 by Michael Urban||
|}

===Miscellaneous===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Keyboard layout!!Description
|-
|[https://www.tosche.net/fonts/alcarin-tengwar Alcarin Tengwar]||© 2023 by Toshi Omagari||Unicode/TFFP||Based on the [https://brill.com/page/BrillFont/brill-typeface Brill] typeface.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarNenya Tengwar Nenya]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Italic companion to Alcarin Tengwar.
|-
|[http://tengwar.art.pl/tengwar/fonty.php Elfetica]||Ronald Kyrmse||Smith||Based on Max Miedinger's Helvetica, one of the most famous sans-serif fonts, closely imitated by Arial. It is meant for writing in "modern-looking" Tengwar.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20150124064758/http:/anmfonts.freeiz.com/ TengwarElfetica]||© 2005 by AnonMoos||Smith||Revision of Ronald Kyrmse’s Elfetica*
|-
|[https://www.councilofelrond.com/downloadcats/fonts/ Moroma]||Lawrence M. Schoen||Pre-Smith||Created by the author and founder of the Klingon Language Institute.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220522015242/https:/www.deniart.com/tolkien_scripts.shtml Tengwanda Gothic]||© 2011 by Deniart||Unknown||Blackletter.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220522015242/https:/www.deniart.com/tolkien_scripts.shtml Tengwanda Namarie]||© 2011 by Deniart||Unknown||Cursive.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarArtano Tengwar Artano]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Unicode font based on Tengwar Annatar Italics by Johan Winge, using the mapping devised by the Free Tengwar Font Project.
|-
|[https://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/formal.html Tengwar Formal CSUR]|| ||Unicode/TFFP||Modification by the Free Tengwar Font Project to use their character mapping in Unicode’s Private Use Area.
|-
|[https://tengtelc.wordpress.com/2010/01/09/tengwar-gandalf/ Tengwar Gandalf Classic]||© Michael S. Elliott||Pre-Smith||Two versions.
|-
|[https://www.hybridelephant.com/computer/graphic/ Tengwar Sindarinwa] (formerly Tengwar Medium)||© Mr. Salamandir||Smith||Based on Tengwar Gandalf V1, $25.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarGondolin Tengwar Gondolin]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Majuscule typeface with inspiration from Latin, Greek, and Cryllic capitals, based on glyphs from Libertinus. Includes tehtar and traditional minscule forms, but the majuscule forms are designed to be used independant of them.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarHanno Tengwar Hanno]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Based on Baloo 2 by Ek Type.
|-
|[http://www.helmutwpesch.de/page-14/index.html Tengwar Ingolme]||© 2021 by [[Helmut W. Pesch]]||Smith||Based on VAG Rounded, but designed from scratch, this is a pared-down sans-serif font designed for keyboard stickers, and the download includes a full layout. Ingolme is Quenyan for "lore, knowledge, scholarship".
|-
|[https://www.behance.net/gallery/278436/Tengwar-New Tengwar New]||Marcin Przybys||Unknown||Tengwar Helvetica (“Hengwar”.)*
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarPixel Tengwar Pixel]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Based on the lettering in the GBA ''Pokémon'' games.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarRacina Tengwar Rácina]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Unicode Blackletter font based on Tengwar Gothika by Enrique Mombello and [https://github.com/ctrlcctrlv/chomsky Chomsky] by Frederick Brennan, using the mapping devised by the [https://freetengwar.sourceforge.net/mapping.html Free Tengwar Font Project].
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220520001600/https:/middangeard.org.uk/aglardh/index.php/silumie Tengwar Silúmie]||© 2020 Tamas Ferencz||Smith-derived||Classical Latin-inspired experimental font which uses a modified version of Dan Smith's keyboard layout, utilizing OpenType features to reduce the number of keys required. Slab serifs and variable stroke width aplenty.
|-
|[http://tencedil.basvanhoorn.nl/ Tengwar Telperinquaro] (Tengwar Tellepsalinnacontar)||© 2010 by Bas van Hoorn aka Tencedil||Unicode/TFFP||
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/TengwarMiriel Tengwar Míriel]||Shankar Sivarajan||Unicode/TFFP||Based on Tengwar Telperinquaro.
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20111220163447/https:/sexy.omgwtf.net/fonts.html Tengwar Typewriter]||Jeff Anderson||Smith-derived||"A Tengwar font for Sindarin mode—I strayed from the keyboard layout of Dan Smith’s fonts, but those were difficult to work with. (btw, The circumflex accent key is another position of the “a” vowel point.)"
|-
|[https://github.com/natewind/tengwar-yantaina Tengwar Yantaina]||Nate Reinar Windwood||Smith-derived||A modification of Dan Smith’s Tengwar Sindarin that includes a transcriber for Classical Mode, built on OpenType substitutions.
|}

===Tengwar-Style Latin/Faux Tengwar===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Font!!Author!!Description
|-
|[https://www.teawithtolkien.com/fonts Elvish Ring NFI]||Norfolk Incredible Font Design||Gloriously messy faux Tengwar font, some glyphs only identifiable in the context of a full word. Font of choice for Elven Diaspora bakeries.
|-
|[http://www.iconian.com/ Half-Elven]||© 2012 by Daniel Zadorozny||A very neat font, perfect for graphic design and the like, especially given it comes in 11 (!) different styles.
|-
|[https://github.com/shankarsivarajan/LatinArtano Latin Artano]||Shankar Sivarajan||Latin sister font to Tengwar Artano, likewise based on glyphs from Tengwar Annatar Italics. A unicameral font, where any upper-case letters are automatically converted to lower-case ones.
|-
|[https://www.councilofelrond.com/downloadcats/fonts/ Tencele Latinwa]||© 2003 by Ronald Kyrmse||"Tencele Latinwa ("Latin Alphabet" in Quenya) assigns to each letter of the keyboard a tengwar-lookalike. It is based on Måns Björkman's Tengwar Parmaite, which in my opinion is the most beautiful tengwar font to date."
|-
|[https://localfonts.eu/freefonts/decorative-cyrillic-free-fonts/tengwar-sindarin/ Tengwar Sindarin 2]||© 2017 by Vasil Stanev||A more "Medieval Formal" take on Latinized Tengwar which also has support for Cryllic, based on Dan Smith's original Tengwar Sindarin.
|}

==Other==
'''Item of note:'''
Several of these fonts are [[tengwar]] or [[angerthas]]. These do not have a one-on-one transliteration with Latin script. Usually, some guide to the proper usage is included.

''[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts.html Listing courtesy of the Tolkien Font Page at Thehutt.de]''

'''Ringbearer Medium''' - The font from the "Lord of the Rings" title logo. 
v1.00 © Pete Klassen, 2002 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/ringbearer.zip Download] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/ringbearer/readme.html Readme] 
 
'''Aniron''' - The font from the "Lord of the Rings" end credits. 
v1.00 © Pete Klassen, 2004 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/aniron.zip Download (Unicode)] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/anironc.zip Download (Cyrillic)] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/aniron/readme.html Readme] 
 
'''Albertus MT''' - The font from the movie subtitle ("The Fellowship of the Ring") of the "Lord of the Rings" logo. 
© Agfa, 1999 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/albert.zip Download Western] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/albertr.zip Download Cyrillic] 
 
'''Angerthas''' 
Author Unknown 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/angerthas.zip Download] 
 
'''Angerthas Moria''' 
© Morten Bek, 1997 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/angerthasmoria.zip Download] 
 
'''Athelas''' 
© TypeTogether, 2009 
[https://freefontsfamily.com/athelas-font-family-free-download Download] 
 
'''Bilbo Hand''' - The archive contains 3 types 
© Nancy Lorenz, 2002 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/bilboh.zip Download] 
 
'''Cirth Erebor''' (6 Fonts) 
© [[Dan Smith]], 1998 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/cirtherebor.zip Download] 
 
'''Elven Common Speak''' - Latin alphabet in Elvish style 
© Nancy Lorenz 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/elven.zip Download] 
 
'''Fanjofey AH''' (2 Fonts) - Latin fonts in hand-written Tengwar style 
© Andreas Höfeld 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/fanjofey_ah.zip Download] 
 
'''First Order''' (6 Fonts) - A font, similar to the font in the "Lord of the Rings" credits. But not very similar. 
© Daniel Zadorozny 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/first_order.zip Download] 
 
'''Hobbiton''' - A font from the maps and signs of Hobbiton 
© Nancy Lorenz, 2001 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/hobbiton.zip Download] 
 
'''Hobbiton Brushed''' - A font from the maps and signs of Hobbiton 
© Nancy Lorenz, 2001 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/hobbitonb.zip Download] 
 
'''Kelt''' - A font similar to what is used in the movie. 
© Bay Animation Inc., 1994 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/kelt.zip Download Western] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/stonehenge.zip Download Cyrillic] 
 
'''Moon Runes''' 
Author Unknown 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/moonrune.zip Download] 
 
'''Party Business''' - A font from the sign at Bilbo's door 
© Nancy Lorenz, 2002 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/party.zip Download] 
 
'''Anglo-Saxon Runes''' (3 Fonts) 
© Dan Smith, 1998 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/runea.zip Download] 
 
'''Dwarf Runes''' (3 Fonts) 
© Dan Smith, 1998 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/runed.zip Download] 
 
'''Germanic Runes''' (3 Fonts) 
© Dan Smith, 1998 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/runeg.zip Download] 
 
'''Runic''' (3 Fonts) - Western font in Rune style. The example shows "GANDALF FOR PRESIDENT". Upper case is in Cyrillic. 
© Dmitry Derevenjov & Nikolay Dubina 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/runic.zip Download] 
 
'''Tengwar''' (3 Fonts) 
© Paolo A. Otto, 1994 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/tengwar.zip Download] 
 
'''Viking''' - Another fantasy font in celtic style. 
© Corel, 1992 
[http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/viking.zip Download Western] | [http://www.thehutt.de/tolkien/fonts/vikingr.zip Download Cyrillic] 

==External links==
*[http://tengwar.art.pl/tengwar/fonty.php Tengwar na PC : fonty] Polish page with a list of tengwar fonts with their links.
*[http://www.danielreeve.co.nz/Fonts/ Purchase Tolkien Fonts from Daniel Reeve]
*[http://www.yourfilehost.com/media.php?cat=other&file=2531Teitho_sindarin.zip Flash-based Tengwar typing program]
*[http://www.acondia.com/fonts/ Dan Smith's Fantasy Fonts]

[[Category:Languages (real-world)]]