Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Mithrandir

2008-04-03T01:59:53Z

CharlesMartel:

:''The main article for this subject is located at '''[[Gandalf]]'''.''
{{quote|'''Mithrandir''',''' Mithrandir''' sang the [[Elves]], O Pilgrim Grey! For so they loved to call him.|[[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[The Mirror of Galadriel]]}}
'''Mithrandir''' is the [[Sindarin]] name given to the [[wizards|wizard]] [[Gandalf]] ([[Westron]]). The first mention of it in [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s text is within ''The Mirror of Galadriel'' in the quote mentioned above. The name was most common among the Elves, [[Gondorians]], and [[Dúnedain]].

==Meaning==
Mithrandir translates to "Grey Pilgrim" or "Grey Wanderer". [[mith]] = grey, [[randir]] = pilgrim, wanderer.

[[Category:Sindarin words]]

Dunharrow

2008-03-29T18:25:08Z

CharlesMartel:

'''Dunharrow''' was a refuge of the [[Rohirrim]] hidden in the [[White Mountains]] and fortified against attack. Dunharrow had been used as a refuge by the [[Middle Men]] of the White Mountains during the [[Second Age]] — nearly three mellennia before the establishment of the Kingdom of [[Rohan]].

Dunharrow was a clifftop overlooking Harrowdale, the valley of the river [[Snowbourn]]. In order to reach the refuge, a winding path had to be used, known as the Stair of the Hold. This path was lined with statues known as the Púkel-men — statues originally carved by the Men of the White Mountains, in the likeness of the [[Drúedain]]. After the stair was the "Firienfeld", a large grassy area for the encampment of soldiers and refuge-seekers.

Large carved stones marked the entrance to the [[Dimholt]], a natural amphitheater, which led into the [[Paths of the Dead]].

[[category:Fortresses]]
[[category:Rohan]]
[[de:Dunharg]]
[[fi:Dunharg]]

Gondor

2008-03-29T18:13:38Z

CharlesMartel: /* Cities and fortresses of Gondor */

{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:Gondor.png|250px]]
| name = Gondor
| meaning = Land of Stone
| type = Monarchy/Stewardship
| hidep=yes
| headofstate = [[King of Gondor]]/[[Ruling Steward]]
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = [[Osgiliath]]/[[Minas Tirith]]
| language = [[Westron]]
| location = South of the [[White Mountains]], west of [[Mordor]]
| populace= Mostly [[Men]]
| currency = The [[castar]]
| religious = Belief in [[Eru Ilúvatar]]
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = The escape of the [[Faithful]] from the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in [[Second Age|II]] 3319
| established = II 3320
| reorganized = [[Third Age|III]] 3019
| fragmented =
| dissolved =
| restored =
}}
'''Gondor''' was a kingdom founded on the southern coastal area of [[Middle-earth]] in the year 3320 of the [[Second Age]] by the [[Dúnedain]], a race of [[Men]]. It was established by [[Isildur]] and his brother [[Anárion son of Elendil|Anárion]] after they fled from the island of [[Númenor]]. Their father [[Elendil]], who lived in Gondor's sister realm of [[Arnor]], held the overlordship of the realm, however. Though it waned in power over time and the line of its Kings failed, Gondor survived to the end of the [[Third Age]], and had an instrumental role in the [[War of the Ring]]. After the defeat of [[Sauron]], Gondor was ruled by [[Aragorn Elessar]], descendant of the Kings of Arnor and the Heir of Isildur. Gondor was the seat of the [[Dominion of Men]] in the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]], and many of the tales and legends of the earlier [[Age]]s of Middle-earth come from the lore and history it preserved.

Gondor was located to the south of the plain of [[Calenardhon]] (which later became the realm of [[Rohan]]) and to the west of [[Mordor]]. Its southern border was the [[Bay of Belfalas]]. Gondor's close proximity to Sauron's land was the catalyst of many battles and skirmishes, but its location also gave the Gondorians more ability to protect the other regions of Middle-earth from the Dark Lord and his servants.

== History ==
[[Image:WAR-ICONS Gondor.jpg|150px|thumb|left]]
Gondor had a long and illustrious history; it participated in many battles against Sauron and his servants during the Second and Third Ages. In addition, Gondor had great wealth and influence during the early part of the Third Age, so that it became famous among other realms in Middle-earth.

=== Early History ===
{{Pronounce|Gondor.mp3|Ardamir}}
Before the Downfall of Númenor, the region that would become Gondor was home to many Númenórean colonists, who either mingled with the indigenous [[Middle Men]] if they were friendly, or dispersed them into [[Ras Morthil]], [[Dunland]], and [[Drúadan Forest]]. The land on which Gondor was founded was more fertile than the more northerly areas of Middle-earth, and therefore it already had a fairly large population before the ships of Elendil's sons arrived, including a well-established haven, [[Pelargir]]. Pelargir was founded by the [[Faithful]] Númenóreans in the year 2350 of the Second Age.

The refugees from Númenor led by Isildur and Anárion were given a warm reception upon their arrival by those that had already colonized this area of Middle-earth. The colonists north of the river [[Anduin]] accepted Elendil's claim to kingship over them. South of the Great River, however, the also-newly-exiled [[Black Númenóreans]] did not recognize Elendil's claim. Since the Black Númenóreans were the descendants of the [[King's Men]] of Númenor, who were opposed to the Faithful, they did not unite with Elendil and his sons, who represented the Faithful in Middle-earth. Much of Gondor's early history was marked by conflict with the Black Númenóreans.

After their arrival and acceptance by the people, Isildur and Anárion put themselves to the task of ordering their realm. Isildur built the tower of [[Minas Ithil]] near Mordor as a threat to the [[Black Land]], and within its walls he planted a seedling of the [[Nimloth of Númenor|White Tree]] of Númenor that he had taken before its destruction. Anárion raised the tower of [[Minas Anor]] on the other side of Anduin's floodplain as a bulwark against the [[Wild Men]]. In between their cities, the brothers founded [[Osgiliath]], their capital. From this city Isildur and Anárion ruled side-by-side, and used the ''[[palantíri]]'', the Seeing Stones that the Faithful had taken with them from Númenor, to maintain contact with Elendil and the other areas under their control.

=== First Conflict with Sauron ===
The Dúnedain were at first unaware that Sauron, who had been taken as a prisoner to Númenor before its destruction, had survived the disastrous Downfall. However, not long after the kingdom's cities were built, the awakening of the fires of [[Orodruin]] signaled his return. At that time, the Men of Gondor first called the mountain ''Amon Amarth'', or Mount Doom. Soon after, Sauron launched an attack on Minas Ithil, which forced Isildur into a retreat. Sauron took the fortress and burned the White Tree that had grown there, but Isildur saved one of its seedlings and took it and his family on a ship down the Anduin. He sailed to the north to confer with Elendil about these events. Anárion remained in Gondor and continued to hold Osgiliath. He also managed to push back Sauron's forces to the mountain range of [[Ephel Dúath]], but Sauron began to gather reinforcements, among whom were a large number of Black Númenóreans, and the Men of Gondor knew that their realm was in great danger of being destroyed unless aid came.

=== The [[War of the Last Alliance]] ===
Elendil reacted to the threat of Sauron by combining forces with [[Gil-galad]] the [[Elves|Elven]]-king to make the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. Their armies marched southeast from Arnor and Gil-galad's realm of [[Lindon]]. Supported by the forces of Gondor, the Alliance fought a great battle on the plain of [[Dagorlad]] north of Mordor. The armies of Elendil and Gil-galad were victorious, and entered Mordor itself, where they laid a seige on Sauron's Tower of [[Barad-dûr]] for seven years. During this time, Anárion was killed by a rock thrown from the Tower that broke his helm. The siege ended when Sauron himself emerged from Barad-dûr to fight the Alliance. Gil-galad and Elendil attacked and destroyed Sauron, though they themselves were slain the process.

=== Gondor in the Beginning of the [[Third Age]] ===
After the battle, during which the long Second Age came to an end, Isildur built a secret tomb for Elendil on the mountain that was afterwards called the [[Halifirien]] by the [[Rohirrim]]. He also aided Anárion's son [[Meneldil]], who was now King, in reorganizing Gondor. Isildur planted the seedling of the White Tree that he had saved in Minas Anor, and it endured for several centuries. After these acts, Isildur left Gondor in the third year of the Third Age with the intent of ruling his father's kingdom of Arnor.

==== Gondor Prospers ====
After the war, Gondor's power and wealth grew steadily (only interrupted by an [[Easterlings|Easterling]] invasion in 492 [[Third Age]]). Its power would continue to grow into the 9th century of the Third Age. While the power of Gondor's sister kingdom [[Arnor]] peaked during the 9th century, when it broke into various successor states, Gondor's greatest glory was yet to come.

==== Gondor's Golden Age ====
Gondor's power reached its Golden Age under the four "[[Ship-king|Ship-kings]]":

[[Tarannon Falastur]] r. 840–913. First of the Ship-Kings, died childless
[[Eärnil I]] r. 913–936. Nephew of Tarannon
[[Ciryandil]] r. 936–1015
[[Hyarmendacil I]] (Ciryaher) r. 1015–1149. Last of the Ship-Kings. In the reign of the powerful king Hyarmendacil I (c. 12th century T.A.) Gondor reached the height of its power. During Hyarmendacil's reign Gondor's borders reached their furthest extent. The Kingdom extended east to the [[Sea of Rhûn]], south to the nearest lands of the [[Haradrim]], as far north as [[Mirkwood]] and west towards the borders of [[Arnor]].

Such was Gondor's wealth during the period that men from other lands would say in envy: "In Gondor precious stones are but pebbles for the children to play with." Gondor would also enjoy several centuries of peace due to its military might.

=== The Decline of Gondor ===
But after his reign decadence spread under the kings of Gondor and a long period of decline began (although Gondor experienced several revivals). Three great calamities struck Gondor during the second millennium of the Third Age, which are held to be the chief reasons for its decline: the [[Kin-strife]], the [[Great Plague]], and the invasion of the [[Wainriders]] (a tribe of Easterlings).

==== The Kin-strife ====
In the 15th century a great civil war named the Kin-strife tore the nation apart. The current King Eldacar was of mixed blood: his mother was of the Northmen. Popular displeasure at this led to the overthrow of King Eldacar by Castamir, the admiral of all of Gondor's naval forces who possessed some royal blood. Eldacar's son was slain, and he fled north. Castamir was afterwards known as [[Castamir|Castamir the Usurper]]. During his ten year rule he proved to be very cruel, and because of his love of his old fleet, he lavished attention on the coastal regions while the interior provinces were ignored and left to rot. Eldacar then returned with an army of his Northmen kinsmen, and they were joined by armies of Gondorians from interior provinces such as Anórien. [[Osgiliath]] was devastated during this conflict, its great bridge destroyed and its ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' lost. Eldacar slew Castamir and reclaimed his throne, but Castamir's sons and their forces were besieged in Pelargir, the great port of Gondor. They eventually retreated to Umbar, where they joined with the Corsairs, and troubled Gondor for many years, until their descendants died out.

==== The Great Plague ====
Later, the [[Great Plague]] struck and the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] died. This Plague was no localized event: the Plague swept through all of Middle-earth, reaching the successor states of Arnor and the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]] in the North. King [[Tarondor]] found a sapling of the White Tree, and moved the capital from Osgiliath to [[Minas Anor]], the City of Anárion. During this time, Gondor was so depopulated that the fortifications guarding against the re-entry of evil into Mordor were abandoned. It is believed that had the Haradrim or Easterlings been capable of attacking Gondor at this time, it would have fallen. However, the Plague left Gondor's enemies in no better condition than Gondor itself, and neither side was capable of mounting new offensives.

==== The Invasion of the Wainriders ====
Following the sapping of Gondor's strength by the plague, the Wainrider invasions devastated Gondor, and the conflict lasted for well over a century. The Wainriders destroyed the Northern Army of Gondor, but survivors linked up with the victorious Southern Army of Gondor, led by a general named Eärnil, and they destroyed the Wainriders as they celebrated their victory during the [[Battle of the Camp]], in [[Third Age 1944]].

=== The Line of the Kings Fails ===
==== Reunification Rejected ====
In 1944, Gondor also faced a constitutional crisis when King [[Ondoher]] was slain in a previous battle with both his sons. [[Arvedui]], Prince of [[Arthedain]], Ondoher's son-in-law, and the victorious general Eärnil, who was a distant blood-relative of Ondoher, claimed the throne. Arvedui's claim lay mainly in the reintroduction of the old Nùmenorean law of accession, which stated the eldest (remaining) child should succeed the king. If the law was reintroduced, then Arvedui's wife [[Fíriel]], Ondoher's daughter and last remaining child would become [[Ruling Queens of Númenor|Ruling Queen]], making their descendants Kings of both Arnor and Gondor. Arvedui also tried to put weight behind his claim as he was Isildur's heir. The council of Gondor recognised that the name of Isildur was held in honour in Gondor, but they dictated that the South-Kingdom must be ruled by an Heir of Anarion. Due to his ancestry from Fíriel and Arvedui, more than a millennium later, Aragorn Elessar put forward his claim as the heir of both Isildur and Anarion.

Eärnil lay his claim as being a direct descendant of King [[Telumehtar]] Umbardacil. His claim was also greatly bolstered by the popularity he had gained as the victorious general who saved Gondor from the Wainriders after winning the southern theatre of the war. Steward [[Pelendur]] who was temporarily ruling Gondor as serving as arbiter of succession, intervened in favour of Gondor's victorious general who would rule as [[Eärnil II]].

==== The Last Heir of Anárion ====
During the [[Battle of Fornost]], Eärnil II's heir Eärnur led Gondor's forces to victory over the [[Witch-king of Angmar]], who was actually the Lord of the [[Nazgûl]]. Although Eärnur wished to fight him, Eärnur's horse was terrified and fled the battle against his wishes. By the time he mastered his horse and return, the Witch-king had fled. [[Glorfindel of Rivendell|Glorfindel]] the Elf then prophesied to him that it was better that he not fight the Lord of the Nazgûl because "never by the hand of man shall he fall".

Eärnur later ascended to the throne, ruling from Minas Anor (Tower of the Sun). During this time, the Ringwraiths captured Minas Anor's sister city, Minas Ithil (Tower of the Moon), renaming it Minas Morgul (Tower of Sorcery) and taking it as their lair. Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith (Tower of Guard) as a result. The Lord of the Nazgûl repeatedly sent messengers to Minas Tirith challenging Eärnur to single combat, taunting him that he had fled out of cowardice from facing him during the Battle of Fornost. Eventually, King Eärnur was overcome by wrath and rode with a small company of knights to Minas Morgul, to accept the challenge. They were never heard from again. So ended the Line of [[Anárion]].

=== The Stewards of Gondor ===
==== The Ruling Stewards ====
The realm was governed by a long line of hereditary Stewards after the disappearance of [[Eärnur]], son of Eärnil, since there was no proof that the last king was dead, and no claimant had enough support to be accepted as his successor. The line of Anárion was held to have failed, and Gondor was not willing to risk to another Kin-strife, which would surely have destroyed it. Whenever there was a new Steward, he would swear an oath to yield rule of Gondor back to the King, in essence only an heir of Isildur, if he should ever return. In Gondor there was no one who could claim descent from Isildur in direct line, and the northern line of Arnor had effectively disappeared, so this oath was not considered seriously. The line of Stewards ruled as Kings, without having the title. During the War of the Ring, the Ruling Steward of Gondor was [[Denethor II]], and his two sons were [[Boromir son of Denethor II|Boromir]] and younger [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]].

==== Cirion and Eorl ====
In 2510, when Steward [[Cirion]] ruled over Gondor, the nation faced one of its greatest perils: an Easterling tribe named the ''Balchoth'' invaded Gondor with mass force. Gondor's army marched to fight the Balchoth but were cut off from [[Minas Tirith]] and pushed back in the direction of the [[Limlight]].

Messengers were sent to get help from the [[Éothéod]], a tribe which lived in the northern vales of the [[Anduin]], but nobody expected the messengers to reach their destination. When certain peril came upon Gondor, however, the Éothéod turned the tide of the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]]. After the victory the Éothéod were awarded the fields of [[Calenardhon]] north of the [[Ered Nimrais]] from the Gap of Rohan at the southern end of the [[Hithaeglir]], [[Fangorn Forest]], rivers Limlight to river [[Anduin]], western [[Emyn Muil]] and the [[Mering Stream]], where they established the kingdom of [[Rohan]] with [[Eorl the Young]] as their first king. A permanent alliance between Gondor and Rohan was established by the oath Eorl swore to Cirion.

== War of the Ring ==
In 3019, during the [[War of the Ring]] Gondor was the strongest of the free nations that opposed Sauron, and thus, its defeat what his primary strategic goal in the war. Gondor faced an all out attack on its capital Minas Tirith in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. Although nearly defeated, the Rohirrim once again turned the tide of battle, and helped win the war.

After the second and final defeat of Sauron the Kingship was restored with [[The Return of the King]] and [[Aragorn II]] became king of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of Gondor and Arnor. (See Reunited Kingdom for further history of the lands of old Gondor).

Faramir, last heir of the Ruling Stewards, was to retain the office of steward (though not ruling), and was made Prince of Ithilien, which had been reconquered from the forces of Mordor.

Gondor as it appeared during the events of the [[War of the Ring]] (circa [[Third Age]] 3019) has been compared to the Byzantine Empire, for numerous reasons. Both the Byzantine Empire and Gondor were echoes of the old greatness of the earlier Roman Empire and the united kingdom of King Elendil, respectively. However, they were still strong in their own right.

== Regions of Gondor ==
Gondor was divided between several nearly autonomous regions. These were the following:
* [[Ithilien]], across the [[Anduin]] from Minas Tirith
* [[Anórien]], surrounding [[Minas Tirith in Gondor|Minas Tirith]]
* [[Lossarnach]]
* [[Lebennin]]
* [[Belfalas]]
* [[Dor-en-Ernil]], ruled by the [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]
* [[Lamedon]], north of the [[Ringló]]
* [[Anfalas]], or the Langstrand, in the south-west

The long cape of [[Andrast]] was not populated.

Additionally, Gondor held or had held the following regions at certain points in its history:
* [[Harondor]] or South Gondor, which was contested between Gondor and [[Harad]]
* [[Calenardhon]], which was given to the Éothéod and became Rohan
* [[Enedwaith]], never really populated by Gondor and soon abandoned
* [[Rhovanion]], which was never fully under the control of Gondor but under Gondorian influence at certain times during the Third Age

== Cities and fortresses of Gondor ==
Cities in Gondor included:
* [[Calembel]]
* [[Dol Amroth]], a city on the coast of Belfalas
* [[Erech]], fortress of Gondor, abandoned by the end of the Third Age
* [[Linhir]]
* [[Minas Tirith in Gondor|Minas Tirith]] (originally named Minas Anor), City of the Kings
* [[Osgiliath]], city and former capital of Gondor on the river Anduin, largely destroyed and abandoned by the end of the Third Age
* [[Pelargir]], the great southern harbour, under the reign of Corsairs during the War of the Ring
* [[Tarnost]]

Additionally, Gondor used the following locations as military strongholds at certain points in its history, many of which Mordor later took:
* The outposts of [[Amon Hen]] and [[Amon Lhaw]] on [[Emyn Muil]] probably had small garrisons
* [[Angrenost]], the fortress of Isengard, later granted to [[Saruman]]
* [[Aglarond]], the Gondorian fortress, later known as Helm's Deep
* The [[Towers of the Teeth]], built by the Gondorians to keep watch over Mordor
* The Gondorian fortress guarding the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]]
* The castle that came to be called [[Durthang]], the largest fortress in Mordor, originally built to guard the [[Ephel Dúath]]
* [[Minas Ithil]], conquered by [[Mordor]] and renamed [[Minas Morgul]] by the Gondorians
* [[Tharbad]] to the north, held by both Gondor and Arnor but abandoned and later ruined after Gondor retreated from [[Enedwaith]]
* The [[Haven of Umbar]], a harbour in the south which was contested by the Haradrim and lost and reclaimed several times

== Etymology ==
''Gondor'' means "Land of Stone", from the [[Sindarin]] words ''gond'', "stone", and ''(n)dor'', "land". The (generally not used) [[Quenya]] form of the name was ''Ondonórë''. Gondor most likely received this title because its Kings often built great stone cities, statues, and monuments, such as Minas Tirith and the Argonath.

[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Realms]]
[[Category:Regions]]

Linhir

2008-03-29T18:12:21Z

CharlesMartel: The Lord of Lamedon did defend Linhir, but Linhir is not in Lamedon

'''Linhir''' was a town in southern [[Gondor]], at the juncture of the River [[Gilrain]] and the River [[Serni]], near to the [[Mouths of Anduin]].

[[Angbor]], the Lord of Lamedon, was here attacked by the [[Haradrim]] and [[Corsairs]] during the [[War of the Ring]]. After the coming of [[Aragorn II | Aragorn]] and the [[Grey Company]] (with, of course, the [[Army of the Dead]]), terror came upon their assailants, and they fled. The Men of Lamedon fled as well; all save the stout-hearted Angbor. Eventually the Corsairs were driven back to [[Pelargir]], where they were defeated.

[[Category:Cities]]
[[Category:Gondor]]

Éowyn

2008-03-29T14:11:28Z

CharlesMartel:

{{men infobox
|image= [[Image:Peter Xavier Price - Eowyn.jpg|250px]]
|name= Éowyn
|othernames= White Lady of Rohan, Dernhelm, Lady of the Shield-arm
|birth= 2995 Third Age
|death= Some time during the early fourth age.
|race=Men
|gender=Female
|height=Unknown
|hair=Blonde
|eyes=Grey
}}

'''Éowyn''' ([[Third Age]] 2995 – [[Fourth Age]] ?), the '''Lady of Rohan''', was also known as the [[Lady of the Shield-arm]], the [[White Lady of Rohan]][[#Notes|1]], and Lady of Ithilien. She was a member of the [[House of Eorl]] and the niece of King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]]. She was the daughter of Théoden's sister, [[Théodwyn]], and [[Éomund]]. Her brother was [[Éomer Éadig]].

== History ==
Following the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], Éowyn was left to care for [[Meduseld]] while Théoden and Éomer led the remaining [[Rohirrim]] to save [[Minas Tirith in Gondor|Minas Tirith]]. King Théoden in fact named her ruler of [[Rohan]] in his and Éomer's absence when the Doorward [[Háma]] recommended that one of "The House of Eorl" should rule. (As Théoden first only thought of male members, and he and Éomer were the last males of the House, but Háma reminds them of Éowyn, who is "fearless" and that "all love her".) Frustrated by unrequited love for [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]] and longing for the glory of battle, she disguised herself as a man, and under the alias of '''Dernhelm''', traveled with the Riders of Rohan, carrying with her [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], who was also ordered to remain.

During the battle of [[Pelennor Fields]] she fought by King Théoden, and when he was injured during combat with the [[Witch-king of Angmar]], she and Merry scrambled to help him. Confronting the Witch-king, who boasted that "no living man may hinder me," she removed her helmet, exposing her long blond hair and declaring,

<blockquote>''"No living man am I! You look upon a woman."''</blockquote>

Just as MacDuff disconcerted Macbeth by revealing he was not "of woman born", Lady Éowyn found the loophole in the 1,000-year-old prophecy by [[Glorfindel of Rivendell|Glorfindel]], fulfilling that the Witch-king would not be slain by a man. However, the Witch-king actually recited the prophecy incorrectly: he said that "no living man may hinder me," though the prophecy actually said that "Not by the hand of Man ''will'' he fall." Glorfindel's prophesy, unlike his own version, implies that the Witch-king will eventually fall, and the Witch-king likely overestimated his own power and believed he would never be defeated.

Lady Éowyn slew the Witch-king after Merry stabbed him behind the knee. Strictly speaking, Merry is also "no man," being a [[Hobbit]]. However, the stab behind the knee likely wouldn't have been fatal, even if it did break the bonds that "bent his unseen sinews to his will." The consensus seems to be that Merry's stab made the Witch-King vulnerable while Eowyn's slash actually resulted in death. She was granted the title "Lady of the Shield-arm" after the Battle in recognition of her triumph over the Witch-king.

Lady Éowyn was severely injured in this fight, and because of the poisonous effect of the Nazgûl, she faced near-certain death; however, she was treated in time by Aragorn during his brief rest in [[Minas Tirith in Gondor|Minas Tirith]]. Since she didn't yet recover completely, she couldn't join Aragorn's army on their way to [[Mordor]]. However, while recuperating in the [[Houses of Healing]], she met [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]], with whom she fell in love. After the demise of [[Sauron]], the happily wed couple settled in [[Ithilien]], of which Faramir was made the ruling Prince. Éowyn was not known as the Princess of Ithilien, rather as the Lady of Ithilien. They had at least one son (likely [[Elboron]]), and their grandson was [[Barahir grandson of Faramir|Barahir]], who wrote ''The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen'' in the Fourth Age. The date of Éowyn's death is nowhere recorded.

Éowyn's role in the stories challanges conventional stereotypes of the role of women. She succeeds where a man would have failed in slaying the [[Witch King]] and throughout the books even when recovering from the wounds bought in that conflict rebels against being left behind while the men go off to win glory in war. Her role more than any other female within the mythology challanges accusations of sexism commonly levelled at [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] and in many ways (intentially or not) displays attitudes ahead of his time in regards to social equality.

== Etymology ==
Éowyn means "Horse-joy" in Anglo-Saxon, the language Tolkien used to represent [[Rohirric]].

== Pronounciation ==
The first syllable of Lady Éowyn's name sounds like "eh-ah," with the "ah" just barely pronounced. As in Scandinavian, the ''y'' in the second syllable is the same sound as the German letter ''ü'' or the French ''u''. The actors in [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]] consistently pronounce her name as well as the names of [[Éomer]] and [[Théoden]] in a manner inconsistent with most reconstructions of Old English pronunciation.

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
[[Image:Eowyn in Peter Jackson's The Two Towers.jpg|thumb|[[Miranda Otto]] plays as Éowyn in [[Peter Jackson's The Two Towers]].]]
[[Image:Eowyn from Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings.jpg|thumb|Éowyn as portayed in [[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]] animated film.]]
In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], Éowyn is portrayed by [[Miranda Otto]]. Jackson's adaptation shows two different explanations for Éowyn's injuries after fighting the Witch-king. In the Theatrical Release, her wounds are less severe than in the novel; she is conscious but hurt, as opposed to unconscious. In the extended scenes of the Extended Edition, she '''''is''''' near death: her brother finds her and grieves, and later we see her being healed in the Houses of Healing, where she shares a tender moment with Faramir.

In [[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]] Éowyn is briefly seen, but has no major speaking parts. In [[Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King]], Éowyn is voiced by actress [[Nellie Bellflower]].

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Éowyn|Images of Éowyn]]

== Notes ==
1. Éowyn was known as "Lady of Rohan" in Rohan, but as "White Lady of Rohan" in Ithilien (due to her pale complexion).

[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]

Chamber of Mazarbul

2008-03-28T22:29:29Z

CharlesMartel: Total Peter Jackson crap, almost no true Khuzdul.

[[Image:fotr1078.jpg|300px|thumb|The Chamber of Mazarbul in [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]].]]

The '''Chamber of Mazarbul''' was the old [[Chamber of Records]] of [[Khazad-dûm]]. Probably built during the earlier years of Khazad-dûm, it was later used as a base by [[Balin]] when he began his ill-fated attempt at recolonization in the late [[Third Age]].

==Etymology==
Mazarbul means "records" in [[Khuzdul]]. This name was used in connection with the Chamber of Records of Khazad-dûm and the [[Book of Mazarbul|Book of Records]] found in that chamber.

==The Books==
[[Image:Sdla01mcmoria.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Illustration of the skirmish between the Fellowship and the hordes of Moria in the Chamber of Mazarbul, by Angus McBridge ([[Iron Crown Enterprises]]).]]

===History===
The chamber itself was probably built at around the same time as the [[Twenty-first Hall]]. This would have been slightly later than the earliest Dwarven delvings, which were to be found in the lower levels near the [[Great Gate of Moria|Great Gate]]. In Third Age 2989, Balin led a group of Dwarves to recolonize [[Moria]]. Balin chose the Twenty-first Hall as his headquarters and set up his seat in the Chamber of Mazarbul. When Balin was killed a few years later, he was laid to rest in a tomb inside the chamber. The [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]] found the chamber thirty years after Balin came to Moria and it was here that Gandalf found the [[Book of Mazarbul]], a record of Balin's recolonization efforts. It was in the Chamber of Mazarbul that the Fellowship engaged in a brief fight with a band of Moria orcs and a [[Cave-trolls|Cave-troll]] and where [[Gandalf]] made his first stand against the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] (see [[Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul]]).

===Geography & Appearance===
The chamber was located to the right of a pathway that branched off the north end of the Twenty-first hall. When the Fellowship found the chamber as they passed through Moria, [[Balin's Tomb]] was located inside it, and a bright shaft of sunlight streamed in from outside the mountain to land directly on the tomb. It is not clear whether the shaft was an original feature of the chamber or whether it was added later by Balin's group of dwarves. It seems more likely that it had been an original part of the chamber construction. There were two stone doors leading into the chamber (one entrance from the Twenty-first Hall, one from the [[Stairs of Khazad-dûm|stair tunnels]] that the Fellowship later used to flee the Balrog). Many deep recesses were cut into the chamber rock containing chests that had been recently looted by the [[Orcs]] inhabiting Moria. A deep dust had fallen upon the entire room by the time the Fellowship entered it, and the remains of a long-abandoned battle site were to be seen strewn across the floor.

===References===
[[The Lord of the Rings]]: [[The Fellowship of the Ring]] Book II: Chapter 4: [[A Journey in the Dark]] and Chapter 5: [[The Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]

==The Films==

[[Image:fotr1086.jpg|300px|thumb|The Chamber of Mazarbul in [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]].]]

===Appearances===

* [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Scene 35: Balin's Tomb]] and [[Scene 36: The Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]

===Portrayal===
In Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring, the Chamber of Mazarbul is presented much as it is described in the books, with a few notable exceptions.
* First, its geography has been slightly altered. It is placed in the center of the Twenty-first Hall, rather than on the right of a corridor running off the hall to the north.
* Second, there is only one proper doorway leading into the chamber, rather than the two described in the book. This door is also made of wood in the film, rather than stone.
These alterations are likely the result of geographical simplification and enhancement of geographical drama. Placing the chamber in the center of the Twenty-first Hall gives it greater prominance and significance and provides a less cumbersome position than that of the book. The elimination of one of the doorways allows the chamber to take on an even more unique design than that found in the book (while, again, simplifying it for dramatic purposes). Changing the door material to wood makes it easier for the door to be opened and closed.
* A well is also introduced into the layout, directly below the shaft of light. This well was found in the [[Moria Guardroom|guardroom]] of the [[Moria Crossroads]] in the book, but was transplanted here to serve greater dramatic purpose. (A well may also exist in the guardroom of the Moria in the films, however.)

The design of the chamber follows the general [[Dwarven design]] ideology employed by the filmmakers for all of the Moria sets.

====References====
*[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie.htm Fellowship of the Word-smiths: Other Movie Inscriptions] - A web page discussing many inscriptions from the movies, including those found on the Mazarbul walls.
*[http://home.planet.nl/~raas0056/mazarbul/ Mazarbul Wall Inscriptions Analysis] - A web site discussing the transcription of the Mazarbul wall runes from screen to page.
*[http://www.geocities.com/shire_society/mazarbul_analysis.html Mazarbul Wall Rune Analysis (English Only)] A detailed analysis of the English Mazarbul wall rune text.

====The Use of English====

The use of English to represent the Common Speech in primary sources such as the Mazarbul wall runes is in keeping with [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s own vision of completely translating all Westron into modern English, even in authentic documentation, although upon reflection Tolkien said that this translation was "an erroneous extension of the general linguistic treatment" (''[[The_Peoples_of_Middle-earth]]'', pp. 298-9: "Of Dwarves and Men"). The filmmakers obviously followed Tolkien's original intent, representing what would have been Westron on the "original" Mazarbul walls as English.

====Variances====

Justification for the variances that appear in the Mazarbul wall text comes from Tolkien himself. He specifically claims having used a similar methodology when creating samples of the [[Book of Mazarbul]]: "...the text was cast into English spelt as at present, but modified as it might be by writers...who where transliterating the English into a different alphabet"; "...since documents of this kind nearly always show uses of letters or shapes that are peculiar and rarely or never found elsewhere, a few such features are also introduced..." (''same reference as above'', pp. 298-9). Thus, the variances found in the Chamber of Mazarbul wall runes represent, as closely as possible, the idiosyncracies found in the original Westron.

===Behind the Scenes===

[[Image:Mazarbul_concept.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Concept illustration of the Chamber of Mazarbul by [[Alan Lee]].]]

The Chamber of Mazarbul was commonly referred to by the filmmakers as "Balin's Tomb" (as it was, more specifically, the site of said tomb).

The Chamber of Mazarbul was a locale that the filmmakers took special care to match carefully to the book descriptions. As with many other locations, [[Peter Jackson]] and his team tried to bring a sense that this was indeed the place that Tolkien had described.

[[Alan Lee]] was likely the primary conceptualizer of this location. The architecture of the Mazarbul chamber followed the filmmakers' general rules for Dwarven architecture. (for more information, see [[Dwarven design|Dwarven architecture]]).

[[Grant Major]] specifically tried to retain the evocative image of the shaft of light landing directly on Balin's Tomb, though there was a need to shift the geography of the chamber slightly to make this idea work dramatically on screen.

[[Andrew Lesnie]] has commented on the challenges he faced while trying to light the set, while maintaining the sense of a shaft of strong white light. His camera team eventually followed the idea that the shaft's light would bounce off the rest of the chamber, creating a glowing ambience that would work well for that specific sequence of the film.

For the shots looking up into the roof of the chamber, the visual effects team had to digitally extend the chamber architecture, because the physical set only extended to a certain height, above which was the lighting grid.

Grant Major authored the English text that would be carved in runes onto the chamber walls by carefully scoring the books for information about Moria's history. His findings were transcribed into the runes that adorn the walls, along with translations of certain sentences into Khuzdul by [[David Salo]].

The runes on the chamber walls were the catalyst for one of the biggest fiascoes for the art department during production. A visiting Tolkien scholar claimed to have seen inane comments written on the walls. The art department searched the wall runes carefully but could find no offending sentences. The scholar revealed that he had simply been told this by a member of the crew. Grant Major and [[Dan Hennah]] assumed this was said crew member's idea of a joke. But the scholar later said that he had heard this from a member of the Weta Workshop minatures crew and that the offending comments in fact appeared on the miniature of the Second Hall of Khazad-dûm, though they were unable to be read in the final film and could not be translated using the Dwarvish runes anyway. (See [[Second Hall]]). In truth, no such "inane comments" exist on the Mazarbul Chamber wall runes.

====References====

* [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]] [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring Extended Edition DVD|Extended Edition DVD]] Audio Commentaries (Scene 35)
* [[Gary Russell]]'s [[The Art of the Fellowship of the Ring]]: "Moria"
* Alan Lee's [[The Lord of the Rings Sketchbook]]: "Moria"
* [http://www.geocities.com/shire_society/mazarbul_incident.html Mazarbul Wall Rune Incident] A detailed analysis of the incident with comments from those involved.

==See also==
* [[Khazad-dûm]]
* [[North End]]
* [[Seventh Level]]
* [[Twenty-first Hall]]
* [[Balin's Tomb]]
* [[Balin]]
* [[Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul]]
* [[Book of Mazarbul]]

[[Category:Structures]]
[[Category:Moria]]

[[de:Kammer von Mazarbul]]
[[fi:Mazarbulin Kammio]]

Balin

2008-03-28T22:25:10Z

CharlesMartel: /* Other versions of the Legendarium */

{{dwarves infobox
| image=[[Image:Visitbilbo.jpg|300px]]
| name=Balin
| othernames=[[Lord of Moria]]
| life=[[Third Age 2763|T.A. 2763]] - November 10, [[Third Age 2994|T.A. 2994]]
| realm=[[Blue Mountains]], [[Erebor]], [[Khazad-dûm]]
| parentage=[[Fundin]] son of [[Farin]]
| lineage=[[Durin's line]]
| hood=Red
| gender=Male
|}}
{{Pronounce|Balin.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Balin''' was a [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] leader, the son of [[Fundin]] and elder brother of [[Dwalin]]. Balin was among the [[Dwarves]] that travelled with [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Gandalf the Grey]] in ''[[The Hobbit]]''.

==History==
===Early History===
Balin was born in T.A. 2763, presumably in Erebor, 7 years before the coming of [[Smaug]]. He managed to escape and lived for a while in [[Dunland]].
Balin fought in the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], and survived the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]. He was with King [[Thráin II]] on his own journey to [[Erebor]], during which the King was captured while wandering away from camp by Orcs. And after searching for him, Balin and the Dwarves that were with Thráin gave up and headed back to the Ered Luin to [[Thorin II Oakenshield|Thorin Oakenshield]], believing that the king was lost.

===Quest of Erebor===

In the [[Quest of Erebor]], Balin was the second-eldest on the quest (behind Thorin), and so he spoke for the party when they were captured by the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]]. He is described as "always their look-out man": He spots [[Bilbo]] approaching the [[Green Dragon]] Inn at [[Bywater]], he spots the trolls' fire, and he's the first to spot the [[Elves]] in [[Mirkwood]].

Conversely he did not notice burglar [[Bilbo Baggins]] (invisible by wearing [[One Ring|a magic ring]]) as look-out for the company after escaping the [[Goblins]] in the [[Misty Mountains]]. After this bit of trickery Bilbo gained respect from Balin for his abilities, unaware of the ring involved. He was the only Dwarf that volunteered to accompany [[Bilbo]] down the secret passage to Smaug. Of all the Dwarves in the quest, he is the only one known to have visited Bilbo afterwards at [[Bag End]].

===Expedition to Moria and Death===

In [[Third Age 2989]] Balin left the [[Lonely Mountain]] and entered [[Moria]] with [[Flói]], [[Óin son of Gróin|Óin]], [[Ori]], [[Frár]], [[Lóni]], [[Náli]], and other Dwarves to start a colony. He was slain by an [[Orc]]-archer in [[Dimrill Dale]] on the 10th of November of [[Third Age 2994|2994]], not long before the entire expeditionary force was besieged and destroyed.

The [[Fellowship of the Ring]] later discovered his [[Balin's Tomb|tomb]] in the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]].

== Other versions of the Legendarium ==

In earlier versions Balin had a son named [[Burin]]. This Burin, was at the [[Council of Elrond]], and went with the Fellowship on their journey.
Burin was later scrapped and [[Gimli]] replaced him. He was also at one point the father of Balin, but Fundin replaced him here as well.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | FAR | | | | | | |FAR=[[Farin]]}}
{{familytree| | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FUN | | | | | | GRO | | |FUN=[[Fundin]]|GRO=[[Gróin]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| BAL | | DWA | | OIN | | GLO |BAL='''BALIN'''|DWA=[[Dwalin]]|OIN=[[Óin son of Gróin|Óin]]|GLO=[[Glóin son of Gróin|Glóin]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Balin|Images of Balin]]

{{Thorin and Company}}

[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]

__NOTOC__
[[de:Balin]]
[[fi:Balin]]

The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)

2008-03-26T23:13:58Z

CharlesMartel: /* Differences from the book */

'''''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings''''' is the title of an animated film produced and directed by [[Ralph Bakshi]], and released to theaters in 1978. It was an adaptation of the first half of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Bakshi's most ambitious effort (and his most famous after his animated adaptation of the underground comic ''Fritz the Cat''), the film was produced by Saul Zaentz's [[Fantasy Films]], but distributed to theaters by [[United Artists]].

== Plot ==
Long ago, in the early years of the [[Second Age]], the great Elven-smiths forged Rings of Power — Nine for mortal [[Men]], Seven for the [[Dwarf-lords]], and three for the fair [[Elf-rulers]]. But then, the Dark Lord [[Sauron]] learned the craft of ring-making and made the Master Ring — The [[One Ring]] to rule them all. With the One Ring, [[Middle-earth]] is his and he cannot be overcome. As the last alliance of Men and Elves fell beneath his power, the ring fell into the hands of Prince [[Isildur]] of the mighty kings from across the sea. He did not destroy the ring, and because of this, the spirit of Sauron lived on and began to take shape and grow again.

The Ring had a will of its own, and had a way of slipping from hand to hand, so that it might at last get back to its master. The Ring lay in the bottom of a lake for thousands of years. During those years, Sauron captured the nine Rings that were made for Men and turned their owners into the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]: terrible shadows under his great shadow who roamed the world searching for the One Ring.

The Ring, meanwhile, was found by two friends. One of them, [[Sméagol]], was so enticed by the Ring's power that he killed his friend [[Déagol]] to get it. Sméagol possessed the Ring for hundreds of years, during which it warped him into a twisted, gurgling wretch known only as Gollum, until his "Precious" was discovered (some might say stolen) by the hobbit [[Bilbo Baggins]].

Several years later, in a land called the [[Shire]], Bilbo is celebrating his 111th (or eleventy-first, as it is called) birthday, on the same day that his nephew [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] celebrates his 33rd birthday, (his "coming of age"). During his speech, Bilbo slips the Ring on, and confusion arises as the party notices that their host has suddenly disappeared into thin air!

[[Gandalf]] the wizard, however, knows the truth behind this act. In Bilbo's hobbit hole, Gandalf tells him to leave the Ring for Frodo, but Bilbo seems unwilling to give it up. He does, finally, agree, and leaves the Shire.

Gandalf realizes that the "magic" ring is in fact the one ring forged by Saron, the evil lord. He knows the Shire is in danger, soon Saron will learn that the Ring is in the possession of a Baggins and send his "wraiths" after him. Heeding Gandalf's advice, Frodo leaves his home, taking the Ring with him. He hopes to reach [[Rivendell]], where he will be safe from Sauron, and where those wiser than he can decide what to do about the Ring.
In his journey he is accompanied by three hobbit friends, [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. From the start they are pursued by Black Riders (Sauron's Ringwraiths or Nazgûl). Narrowly escaping these and other dangers and meeting other interesting characters en route they eventually come to [[Bree]], where they meet [[Aragorn|Strider]], another friend of Gandalf who leads them the rest of the way to Rivendell, through further hardships. Frodo is stabbed upon the mountain of [[Weathertop]] by the [[Witch-king of Angmar|chief of the Nazgûl]], with a "[[Morgul blade]]" — as part of the knife stays inside him, he gets sicker on the rest of the journey.

At Rivendell, Frodo meets his uncle Bilbo whom he had not seen since he left Hobbiton years before; Bilbo seems much older and weaker, and, for a terrible moment, is once again held in sway of the Ring. Bilbo, Gandalf, and others argue about what should be done with the One Ring. Finally, Frodo stands up, and willfully volunteers to go to [[Mordor]], where the Ring can be destroyed.
Frodo sets forth from Rivendell with eight companions: two Men, [[Aragorn]] and [[Boromir]], son of the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward]] of the land of [[Gondor]]; an [[Elves|Elven]] prince, [[Legolas]]; Frodo's old friend and powerful wizard, Gandalf; [[Gimli]] the [[Dwarves|Dwarf]]; and Frodo's original three hobbit companions. These Nine Walkers were chosen to represent all the free races of Middle-earth and as a balance to the Nine Riders.

Their attempt to cross the [[Misty Mountains]] is foiled by heavy snow, so they are forced to take a path under the mountains via [[Moria]], an ancient Dwarf kingdom, now full of [[Orcs]] and other evil creatures, where Gandalf falls into the abyss after battling a [[Balrogs|Balrog]].
The remaining eight members of the Fellowship then spend some time in the elf-haven of [[Lothlórien]], where they receive [[Gifts of Galadriel|gifts]] from the elf queen [[Galadriel]] that in many cases prove useful later in the quest. They leave Lórien by river, but Frodo begins to realize the Ring is having a malevolent effect on some members of the party, especially Boromir, who tries to take the Ring from Frodo. In the process, Frodo puts it on to escape him. Later, Boromir is killed by Orcs while trying to defend Merry and Pippin, whom the Orcs capture.

Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas, tracking Merry and Pippin, come across the [[Rohirrim|Riders of Rohan]] who tell them that they attacked the Orcs the previous night and left no survivors.

However, Strider is able to find small prints and they follow these into [[Fangorn Forest]], where they meet a white wizard who they at first believe to be [[Saruman]], but who turns out to be their wizard friend Gandalf, whom they believed had perished in the mines of Moria. He tells them of his fall into the abyss, his battle to the death with the Balrog and his reawakening.

The four ride to Rohan's capital, [[Edoras]], and persuade King [[Théoden]] that his people are in danger. In the process, Saruman's agent in Edoras, [[Gríma Wormtongue]], who had been keeping Théoden subdued and weak for years, is expelled from the city. Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas then travel to the defensive fortification [[Helm's Deep]] while Gandalf goes north in search of [[Éomer]]'s men in the north of [[Rohan]] to bring as reinforcements.

Hobbits Merry and Pippin escape from the Orcs who captured them when the orcs themselves are attacked by the Riders of Rohan. Merry and Pippin head into nearby Fangorn Forest where they encounter treelike giants called [[Ents]]. These guardians of the forest generally keep to themselves, but are moved to oppose the menace posed to the trees by the wizard Saruman.

At Helm's Deep, Théoden's forces resist an onslaught of Orcs and Men sent by Saruman, and Gandalf arrives the next morning with the Riders of Rohan just in time. The fleeing orcs run into a forest of [[Huorn]]s — creatures halfway between tree and Ent — and none escape. Aragorn, Gimli, Legolas, Gandalf and the army of Rohan then head to Saruman's stronghold at [[Isengard]].
Frodo and Sam discover Gollum stalking them as they try to reach [[Mount Doom]] to destroy the One Ring. Gollum hopes to reclaim the Ring. Sam loathes and distrusts him, but Frodo pities him, and so lets him live in return for guidance to Mount Doom. Gollum promises to lead them to a secret entrance to Mordor. Gollum, who is briefly torn between keeping his word to Frodo and reclaiming his "Precious," is ominously overheard to say "[[Shelob|''she'']] might help us..." as he leads Frodo and Sam to [[Cirith Ungol]].

== Differences from the book ==
The movie makes a few deviations from the book, but overall follows Tolkien's narrative quite closely. Many parts of the novel explaining the transition from one part of the plot to another were omitted which makes the middle part of the movie somewhat difficult to follow, if the viewer is unfamiliar with the story.
* In the film's prologue it is suggested that Sauron ''learned'' the craft of ring-making ''after'' the 19 lesser rings were made whilst in the original story it is Sauron who teaches the Elven smiths this ability.
* Another deviation suggests that the last alliance of men and elves was losing the war which contradicts the original story.
* In the film, Gollum killed his friend Deagol in order to take control of the Ring. This is suggested by Gandalf in the book, but Tolkien does not confirm that this is actually the case.
* As in Tolkien's novel, Saruman the White adopts the title "Saruman of Many Colors"; however, his robes are neither white nor multi-colored, but red.
* The hobbits' first encounter with the Nazgûl is very similar to Jackson's film, but deviates from the novel.
* The scene where the Nazgûl arrive in the hobbits' room and begin slashing at their beds only to find that they are not there, and pillows have been placed to form the figures of their bodies is not in the book, but it is in both Jackson and Bakshi's film versions. Some Jackson fans claim that the scene is suggested in the book. A passage does appear that state that hobbit beds wind up slashed during the night, but the townsfolk of Bree are the perpetrators, not the Nazgûl.
* Just as in Jackson's version, the first elf that the hobbits and Aragorn meet is changed, this time to Legolas.
* Like Jackson's version, Bakshi's film does not include the character of [[Tom Bombadil]].
* [[Arwen]] does not appear, nor is she mentioned.
* Aragorn carries a broken sword (presumably [[Narsil]]) up to the Rivendell section of the story where he presents it to the council. However, the sword's reforging into Andúril is never shown (or mentioned) in the film, even though Aragorn carries an unbroken blade for the remainder of the film.
* Gimli appears to be about the same height as the rest of the non-hobbits in the fellowship.
* [[Éowyn]] makes only a brief appearance and has no spoken dialogue.
* The "Fires of Isengard" appear as magical projectiles.

 

== Production ==
Much of the film used live-action footage which was then rotoscoped to produce an animated look [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/biography/images/38.html] [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/biography/images/39.html]. This saved production costs and arguably gave the animated characters a more realistic look. For the live-action portion of the production, Bakshi and his cast and crew arrived in Spain where the rotoscope models acted out their parts in costume. Many of the actors who contributed voices to this production also acted out their parts for rotoscoped scenes. The actions of [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Sam Gamgee|Samwise Gamgee]] were performed by [[Billy Barty]].

Of the rotoscoping, Bakshi said "I didn't start thinking about shooting the film totally in live action until I saw it really start to work so well. I learned lots of things about the process, like rippling. One scene, some figures were standing on a hill and a big gust of wind came up and the shadows moved back and forth on the clothes and it was unbelievable in animation. I don't think I could get the feeling of cold on the screen without showing snow or an icicle on some guy's nose. The characters have weight and they move correctly."

"Making two pictures in two years is crazy. (The live action reference and the actual animated feature.) Most directors when they finish editing, they are finished; we were just starting. I got more than I expected. The crew is young. The crew loves it. If the crew loves it, it's usually a great sign. They aren't older animators trying to snow me for jobs next year." {{ref|1}}

Following the live-action shoot, each frame of the live footage was then broken down into individual frames, and then printed out, and placed behind animation cels. The details of each frame were copied and painted onto cels. Both the live-action and animated sequences were storyboarded. [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/gallery/displayimage.php?album=5&pos=20] [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/gallery/displayimage.php?album=5&pos=10] [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/gallery/displayimage.php?album=5&pos=11]

Some critics found the sections of the film with rotoscoped animation inferior in quality to "normal" animated films.
 

==Reception==

The film was originally intended to be distributed as '''''The Lord of the Rings Part 1,''''' but United Artists dropped the "part one" from the title. "United Artists at that time was terrified to say 'Part One.' I remember sitting in meetings screaming my head off saying, 'You can't do this.'" "Had it said 'Part One,' I think everyone would have respected it. But because it didn't say 'Part One,' everyone came in expecting to see the entire three books, and that's where the confusion comes in." {{ref|2}} In interviews, Bakshi sometimes refers to the film as ''The Lord of the Rings Part 1.''

Critics were generally mixed in their responses to the film. [[Roger Ebert]] called Bakshi's effort a "mixed blessing" and "an entirely respectable, occasionally impressive job ... [which] still falls far short of the charm and sweep of the original story." Vincent Canby of the ''[[New York Times]]'' called the film "both numbing and impressive." Film website Rotten Tomatoes, which compiles reviews from a wide range of critics, gives the film a score of 50

Despite criticism, the film grossed $30,471,420 at the box office {{ref|3}} (the budget was $8 million), but United Artists, who believed the film to be a flop, refused to fund a sequel which would have completed Tolkien's story on film.
 

==Follow-up==
In an attempt to "finish" Tolkien's story and make it more complete for audiences, the [[Rankin/Bass]] animation studio (fresh on the heels of the success of its previous [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|TV adaptation of ''The Hobbit'']]) produced an animated TV special based on the [[The Return of the King|final part]] of ''The Lord of the Rings''. Their adaptation of ''[[Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]'' finished the story and answered most of the questions raised by Bakshi's animated film. However, several unresolved story developments between ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''The Return of the King'' were left unresolved, especially the betrayal of Frodo by Gollum, and the attack of [[Shelob]] the monster spider-creature.

[[Warner Bros.]] (the rights holder to the post-1974 Rankin-Bass library and most of the Saul Zaentz theatrical backlog) has released ''The Hobbit,'' ''The Lord of the Rings,'' and ''The Return of the King'' on VHS and DVD, both packaged separately and as a boxed-set "trilogy" of films. Despite the release of [[Peter Jackson]]'s recent film trilogy based on Tolkien's work, many fans of Bakshi's work still want him to complete Tolkien's story in his own style.

 

==Trivia==
* Gandalf actually says the ring inscription in the [[black speech]], but only the first two lines after which he says the entire inscription in English.
*The elves in this version do not have pointed ears, instead they tend to dress in white and appear slightly brighter than the other characters.
* The film includes the song which Frodo sings at the [[Prancing Pony]].
* Just as in Jackson's version, Bakshi's Balrog has wings.
* Unlike in Jackson's version, Gandalf retains his hat even upon becoming Gandalf the White.
* Cel animation was produced and shot for this film, but was cut out at the last minute. Except for the cel-animated shot of the hobbits at Bilbo's birthday party, the final product is entirely rotoscoped.
*Future director Tim Burton worked as an animator on this film. He was not credited, but worked as an "inbetween" artist. It was his first job on a film.
*At one point in the film's development, studio executives thought that the names "Saruman" and "Sauron" were too similar, and would confuse the audience, and decided that Saruman should be renamed "Aruman". This decision was eventually reversed, but some references to "Aruman" remain in the finished film.
* Bakshi's film sparked enough interest in Tolkien's work to provoke not only the Rankin/Bass ''Return of the King'', but a complete [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'']] on [[BBC Radio]]. For this broadcast, Michael Graham Cox and Peter Woodthorpe reprised their roles of Boromir and Gollum, respectively.
* Peter Jackson first encountered ''The Lord of the Rings'' via Bakshi's film [http://chud.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-38299.html], and some shots in his live-action trilogy appear to have been influenced by it. One such shot [http://www.cedmagic.com/featured/tolkien/lotr-1-1758-black-rider-s.html] features Frodo and the other hobbits hiding from a Black Rider under a big tree root, while the Black Rider stalks above them. In his version of the sequence, Jackson uses a simlar shot [http://lilithlotr.ejwsites.net/2003calendar/hobbits-ringwraith.jpg] — although he films it from a different angle. A second sequence features the camera slowly revolving around Strider and the hobbits, who stand in a circle as the Black Riders approach them on [[Weathertop]]. In his staging, Jackson also uses a similar shot — although his camera is much faster, and Strider is not among the hobbits. A third similarity is the depiction of Gollum losing the ring in the prologue: both films show the ring falling down a rocky cavern. Other similarly staged scenes include the Nazgul attack on the hobbits' beds at the Prancing Pony, and Legolas, Gimli, and Aragorn's discovery of Gandalf the White. On the DVD commentary of ''[[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Jackson acknowledges one shot, a low angle of a hobbit at Bilbo's birthday party shouting "Proudfeet!", as an intentional homage to Bakshi's film.

==Footnotes==
<div style="font-size: 80%">

# {{note|1}} [http://www.jimhillmedia.com/article_printer.php?id=768 If at first you don't succeed ... call Peter Jackson]
# {{note|2}} [http://www.tolkiengesellschaft.de/v4/alleszutolkien/filme/bakshi/bakshisoutingheute.shtml '70s Version of Lord of the Rings 'Devastated' Director Bakshi]
# {{note|3}} [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lordoftherings78.htm Box Office Mojo]
</div>

== External links ==
* [http://www.ralphbakshi.com/films.php?film=thelordoftherings ''The Lord of the Rings'' at Ralph Bakshi.com]
* [http://www.jimhillmedia.com/mb/articles/showarticle.php?ID=768 If at first you don't succeed ... call Peter Jackson] ~ article about Ralph Bakshi's attempt to bring Tolkien's writing to the big screen
* [http://www.epinions.com/content_162050641540 a detailed review at Epinions.com]
* [http://www.cedmagic.com/featured/tolkien/lord-of-the-rings.html Screen captures from the laserdisc edition. Also features links to galleries of screen captures from other Tolkien animated films.]
* [http://www.agonybooth.com/lord_of_the_rings/ Review by AgonyBooth.com]

{{films}}
[[de:Lord of the Rings (Zeichentrickfilm)]]
[[fi:The Lord of the Rings (1978)]]

Hobbits

2008-03-26T02:04:19Z

CharlesMartel: /* Description */

{{race
| image= [[Image:Peter Jackson's Samwise Gamgee.jpg|250px]]
| name= Hobbits
| dominions= [[The Shire]]
| languages= [[Westron]] (Shire dialect)
| height= 2-4 feet (often less than three feet in later days)
| skincolor= Nut-brown to White
| haircolor= Typically curly brown, rarely blond (until the [[Fourth Age]]), and white and grey in later years
| distinctions= [[Gift of Men|Mortality]], diminuitive stature
| lifespan= c. 100 years
| members= [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]], [[Sméagol]], [[Bandobras Took]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Frodo Baggins]]
}}
{{quote|In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.|[[An Unexpected Party]], [[The Hobbit]]}}
'''Hobbits''' were a small race that typically dwelt underground, believed to be related to [[Men]]. They played little role in history, save during the [[War of the Ring]].

==Description==

Hobbits are, or were, between two to four feet tall, the average height being 3 feet 6 inches, with slightly pointed ears and oversized furry feet with leathery soles, resulting in most never wearing shoes. They are fond of an unadventurous bucolic life of farming, eating, and socializing. Hobbits have a life span somewhat longer than Men of non-Numenorian descent, having an average lifespan of between 90 and 100 years (the two oldest-living recorded Hobbits are The [[Old Took]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]], who reached the ages of 130 and 131, respectively) The time at which a young Hobbit "comes of age" is 33, as compared to the human 21 years. Thus a 70 year old Hobbit would only be middle-aged. Hobbits also like to drink ale in inns, not unlike the English countryfolk, who were Tolkien's inspiration. We can also see that in the name Tolkien chose for the part of [[Middle-earth]] where the Hobbits live: [[The Shire]] ("shires" are administrative divisions in England of Anglo-Saxon origin).

(Mealtimes, at least according to the [[Peter Jackson]] script adaptation of the novel, consist at least of the seven meals known as breakfast, second breakfast, elevenses, luncheon, afternoon tea, dinner and supper. Tolkien did say that Hobbits eat "at least six meals a day when they can get it", but he didn't give their names.)

==Origin==
Hobbits are evidently related to [[Men]], and are represented as a pygmy offshoot of that race. Their exact origin is unknown, but by the early [[Third Age]] they were living in the Vales of [[Anduin]] in [[Wilderland]].

== Etymology ==

Hobbits are also called ''[[Halflings]]'' (in [[Sindarin]], ''perian'' singular and ''periannath'' collective) due to their small stature. However, the term is slightly offensive to Hobbits, as to themselves they are not 'half' of anything, and certainly do not use the term to refer to themselves. Tolkien's etymology for 'Hobbit' is interesting as well: obviously constructed without prior intent, it would have been natural for him to connect it to the German prefix ''hob'' meaning ''small'' (e.g. ''hobgoblin''). However this prefix dates back "only" to the 13th century, too late by Tolkien's standards, and so he constructed an alternative etymology, from [[Old English]] ''hol-bytla'', "hole-dweller".
When later he began to work out the language relations further, ''Hobbit'' was to be derived from the [[Rohirric]] (actually [[Anglo-Saxon]] - which Rohirric parallels in Tolkien's universe) ''Holbytlan'' (hole builders). In the original [[Westron]], the name was ''Kuduk'' (Hobbit), derived from the actual Rohirric ''kûd-dûkan'' (hole dweller).

According to Tolkien, the word ''hobbit'' was the first element of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' that he created. As a university lecturer, he was in the process of correcting reports when he started scribbling on a piece of paper and wrote, "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit", and the multitude of stories sprang from that. The idea of a little hole dwelling creature was introduced to Tolkien by one of his students in a story he had written.

==Some well-known Hobbits==
* [[Bilbo Baggins]]
* [[Frodo Baggins]]
* [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise "Sam" Gamgee]]
* [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck]]
* [[Peregrin Took|Peregrin "Pippin" Took]]
* [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar "Fatty" Bolger]]
* [[Otho Sackville-Baggins|Otho]] and [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]]
* [[Old Took]]
* [[Bullroarer|Bullroarer Took]]
* [[Sméagol]] (who became the creature [[Gollum]])
* [[Déagol]]

Though in [[The Hobbit]] it is mentioned that [[Gandalf]] "was responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures," no female Hobbits are depicted in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s stories doing so; however Hobbit women do appear in his works, such as the formidable [[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] and Sam's wife [[Rosie Cotton]].

==History==
Historically, the Hobbits are known to have originated in the Valley of [[Anduin]], between [[Mirkwood]] and the [[Misty Mountains]]. According to [[The Lord of the Rings]], they have lost the genealogical details of how they are related to the rest of humankind. At this time, there were three '''Hobbit-kinds''', with different temperaments. The [[Harfoots]], the most numerous, were almost identical to the Hobbits as they are described in ''The Lord of the Rings''. The [[Stoors]] had an affinity for water, boats and swimming; the [[Fallohides]] were an adventurous people. (Both of these traits were much rarer in later days.) While situated in the Valley of the Anduin River the Hobbits lived close by the [[Eotheod]], the ancestors of the [[Rohirrim]], and this led to some contact between the two. As a result many old words and names in "Hobbitish" are derivatives of words in Rohirric, so much so that even someone without linguistic training could make out the relation (Merry would later write an entire book devoted to the relationship, ''Old Place Names in the Shire'').

Some time near the beginning of the [[Third Age]], they undertook, for reasons unknown, but possibly having to do with [[Mordor]]'s power, the arduous task of crossing the [[Misty Mountains]]. Some of the Stoors, however, stayed behind, and it is from these people that [[Gollum]] would come many years later. The Hobbits took different routes in their journey westward, but eventually came to a land between the River [[Baranduin]] (which they renamed ''Brandywine'') and the Weather Hills. There they founded many settlements, and the divisions between the Hobbit-kinds began to blur.

Around the year 1600 of the Third Age, two Fallohide brothers decided, again for reasons unknown, to cross the River Brandywine and settle on the other side. Large numbers of Hobbits followed them, and most of their former territory was depopulated. Only [[Bree]] and a few surrounding villages lasted to the end of the Third Age. The new land that they found on the west bank of the Brandywine is called [[The Shire]].

A map of the Shire and surrounding regions may be found at [[Eriador]].

Originally the Hobbits of the Shire swore nominal allegiance to the last Kings of Arnor, being required only to acknowledge their lordship, speed their messengers, and keep the bridges and roads in repair. During the final fight against [[Angmar]] at the Battle of Fornost, the Hobbits maintain that they sent a company of archers to help but this is nowhere else recorded. After the battle the kingdom of Arnor was destroyed, and in absence of the king the Hobbits elected a Thain of the Shire from among their own chieftans.

The first Thain of the Shire was Bucca of the Marrish, who founded the Oldbuck family. However, later on the Oldbuck family crossed the Brandywine River to create the separate land of Buckland and the family name changed to the familiar "Brandybuck". Their patriach then became Master of Buckland. With the departure of the Oldbucks/Brandybucks, a new family was selected to have its chieftans be Thain, the Took family (Indeed, Pippin Took was son of the Thain and would later become Thain himself). The Thain was in charge of Shire Moot and Muster and the [[Hobbitry-in-Arms]], but as the Hobbits of the Shire led entirely peaceful, uneventful lives the office of Thain was seen as something more of a formality.

==The ontological nature of hobbits==
[[Hobbits]] are considered Men in Tolkien's works. Nearly all Tolkien scholars agree that Men are closely related to [[Hobbits]], far more closely than Men are to either [[Elf|Elves]] or [[Dwarves]]. It is thus commonly assumed that Hobbits are among the Younger Children of [[Eru|Iluvatar]] and are the result of the same act of creation as Men. This would imply that Hobbits have the [[Gift of Men]] to pass entirely beyond [[Arda]], which also means that the avoidance of the Gift of Men in Hobbits, like in Men, can be physically and morally destructive. [[Sméagol]], who had originally been a Hobbit, was transformed into the monster [[Gollum]] by a combination of the evil of the [[One Ring]] and the resulting avoidance of the [[Gift of Men]]. [[Bilbo Baggins]] became "thin and stretched" from the immortality that the One Ring granted to him, since neither Men nor Hobbits are intended for immortality in this world. Men and Hobbits appear to have the same ontological nature, which is that they are the result of the act of creation that resulted in the Younger Children of [[Eru|Iluvatar]].

== Usage outside Tolkien ==

"Hobbit" is a trademark owned by the Tolkien estate, as are most of the names, places and artifacts included in books by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. For this reason [[Dungeons & Dragons]] and other fantasy tend to refer to Hobbits and Hobbit-like races rather as '''Halflings''' (''hin'' in the Mystara universe, ''hurthlings'' in Ancient Domains of Mystery).

The name ''hobbit'' had previously appeared in an obscure "list of spirits" by Michael Denham, which includes several repetitions. There is no evidence to suggest Tolkien used this as a source — indeed he spent many years trying to find out whether he really did coin the word. Denham's "hobbit spirits" (which are never referenced anywhere except in the long list) have no obvious relation to Tolkien's Hobbits, other than the name (which may possibly imply hob- "small", see below): Tolkien's Hobbits are small humans, not spirits. Nonetheless, some few people have suggested that the reference in the Denham list should invalidate the trademark.

The lexeme ''hob'', meaning ''small'', is a root word for ''hobbledehoy'', ''hobgoblin'', and ''hobyah''. This may have influenced Tolkien's name; see '''[[#Origin|Origin]]''' above.

''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_floresiensis Homo floresiensis]'', a possible species in the genus Homo (thus, related to humans) discovered in 2004, has been informally dubbed a "hobbit" by its discoverers due to its small size.

[[Category:Races]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]

Lúthien

2008-03-26T00:51:50Z

CharlesMartel:

{{sindar infobox
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Lúthien at Tol Galen.jpg|250px]]
| name=Lúthien Tinúviel
| othernames=
| titles=Princess of [[Doriath]]
| birth=[[Years of the Trees 1200|Y.T. 1200]]
| realm=[[Doriath]], [[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]]
| death= c. [[First Age 505|F.A. 505]]
| age=c. 3,400 [[Years of the Sun|years]]
| gender=Female
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey
| parentage=[[Thingol]] + [[Melian]]
| spouse=[[Beren Erchamion|Beren]]
| children=[[Dior Eluchíl|Dior]]
|}}
'''Lúthien Tinúviel''' was the only daughter of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and [[Melian]] the [[Maia]]. She was said to be the fairest maiden to have ever lived.

== History ==
===Early History===

Lúthien would often dance in the woods, while her friend [[Daeron]] would play his flute. Daeron came to love her, and while she enjoyed his company, she did not return his love.

===Quest for the Silmaril===

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Lúthien.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Lúthien'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]During such an occasion she was discovered by [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] as he wandered the woods of her father's kingdom, and instantly fell in love with her. Daeron chirped out a warning, and she hid. While he searched for her, he accidentally laid his hand on her arm. He caught her alone some months later, and they grew to love one another. When Lúthien took Beren before her father, he was apalled that his royal daughter should wish to wed a mortal, and as is recounted in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' so set Beren what he thought was an unachievable task, to recover a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of [[Morgoth]] himself. So Beren left Doriath in pursuit of his hopeless quest.

After a time, a darkness fell on Lúthien's heart, and she learned from her mother Melian what this meant; Beren had been captured by [[Sauron]], and was held in the dungeons of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Though Thingol sought to stop her, Lúthien set out from Doriath to rescue Beren, if she could. Passing through many adventures, she gained the help of [[Huan the Hound]], and together they came to [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth|Sauron's Isle]]. Through Lúthien's magic and Huan's strength they defeated Sauron and rescued Beren. Eventually Beren set out for [[Angband]] once again, and Lúthien accompanied him.

Through Lúthien's powers, they passed the gates of Angband, and the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] that guarded them. Coming before the [[Dark Throne]] itself, she wove a spell that put Morgoth and his court into a deep sleep, and Beren cut a Silmaril from the Iron Crown. Returning to the gates, they found that Carcharoth barred their escape. Beren held up the hallowed jewel to protect them, but the monstrous wolf bit off his hand, and with it consumed the Silmaril. But the Silmarils were blessed by [[Varda]] herself, so that any unclean flesh that touched them would be withered and burnt. The wolf's innards were consumed with that burning, and it ran howling into the south.

Lúthien healed Beren, and they came at last back to her father's halls at [[Menegroth]]. There they heard tidings that the maddened wolf had entered Thingol's realm, and Beren set out with the King to the [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. After nightfall they returned; the wolf was slain and the Silmaril recovered, but Beren was wounded mortally. So he passed away, and soon after Lúthien too wasted of grief.

===Aftermath===

[[Image:Luca Michelucci - 1999 - May.jpg|right|200px|thumb|''Lúthien Dances Before Morgoth'' by [[Luca Michelucci]]]]Their spirits were gathered in the [[Halls of Mandos]] in the [[Uttermost West]], and there Lúthien sang a song of such extraordinary power and beauty that it moved even the implacable heart of [[Mandos]] himself. So she was granted a unique fate, to become mortal and return to [[Middle-earth]] with Beren, where they dwelt for a time in happiness on the green island of [[Tol Galen]] in the River [[Adurant]].

== Etymology ==

According to ''[[The Etymologies]]'' in ''The History of Middle-earth'' Volume 5, ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', ''Lúthien'' seems to mean '''Enchantress'''. However, in a later note, published in [[Parma Eldalamberon]] 17, Tolkien chose '''Daughter of Flowers''' instead. ''Tinúviel'' means '''Nightingale''', or, more literally, '''Dusk-Singer'''. Both are Sindarin.

== Genealogy ==
<code>
[[Elu Thingol]] = [[Melian]]
|
|
| [[House of Bëor]]
| :
| :
'''LÚTHIEN''' = [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]]
|
|
[[Dior Eluchíl]] = [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]
|
________|________
| | |
| | |
[[Eärendil the Mariner|Eärendil]] = [[Elwing]] [[Eluréd]] [[Elurín]]
|
____|____
| |
| |
[[Elrond]] [[Elros]]
</code>
== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Lúthien Tinúviel|Images of Lúthien Tinúviel]]

[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]

Gimli

2008-03-25T00:13:04Z

CharlesMartel: /* History */ A remarkably stupid claim, to be sure

{{youmay|Gimli Elf-friend|the uncanonical [[Gimli (Noldo)|Gimli the Noldo]] in the ''[[Tale of Tinúviel]]''}}
{{quote|Only Gimli lifted up his head; a smouldering fire was in his eyes. . .|Gimli's response to the mention of the [[Mines of Moria]]}}
{{dwarves infobox
| image=[[Image:John Howe - Gimli 01.jpg|300px]]
| name=Gimli
| othernames=Elf-friend, Lockbearer, Lord of the Glittering Caves
| life=[[Third Age 2879]] - [[Fourth Age 120]]
| realm=[[Erebor]]
| parentage=[[Glóin son of Gróin|Glóin]]
| lineage=[[Durin the Deathless]]/[[Borin]]
| robes=
| gender=Male
|}}
'''Gimli''' was a [[dwarf]] of [[Durin's Folk]], a direct descendant of [[Durin the Deathless]] through [[Náin II]]'s younger son [[Borin]], and in turn [[Farin]]'s younger son [[Gróin]], and his younger son [[Glóin]]. Despite being too young at the time of the [[Quest of Erebor]] (only 62), he became famous as the only Dwarven member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]].

==History==
Gimli was born in the [[Blue Mountains]] nine years after the tragic destruction of [[Dale]] and the wasting of [[Erebor]] by [[Smaug]] the Golden. Little is known about his early life (or the lives of young dwarves in general, as a matter of fact), but he was forbidden to join [[Thorin and Company]] because of his age: only 62 at the time, according to ''[[The Quest of Erebor]]''.

Years later, in [[Third Age 3017|TA 3017]], Gimli witnessed the tempting offers of the messenger of [[Sauron]] (presumed to be a [[Nazgûl]]) concerning the [[Ring of Power]], and accompanied his troubled father to [[Rivendell]] for the dual purpose of warning retired burglar (and old acquaintance) [[Bilbo Baggins]] and seeking the counsel of [[Elrond]] on such weighty matters. His purpose in going was unknown – he neither knew Bilbo, nor liked the [[Elves]] any more than any other Dwarf at that time. It is possible his father merely took him for the experience of being in [[Rivendell]]. Whatever the reason, he attended the [[Council of Elrond]] as a representative of the [[Dwarves of Erebor]].

===The Fellowship of the Ring===

Gimli, as the only young dwarf (so far as we know) at the council of Elrond, was appointed as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]. He alone of the company wore a mail-shirt, and carried a broad-bladed axe. He quickly distinguished himself in the company by declaring that he "needed no map" and naming the [[Misty Mountains]] individually by their [[Khuzdul]] names, inspiring the comment from [[Sam]]: "A fair jaw-cracker dwarf-language must be!"

Gimli, surprisingly, stood more than all the others with [[Gandalf]] on the matter of passing through [[Moria]]. This may be influenced by his curiosity about the fate of his second cousin [[Balin]], who went thither to refound the ancient kingdom of the [[Longbeards]], and also his vengeful nature. His first clash with [[Legolas of Mirkwood|Legolas]] occurred before the [[Doors of Durin]], in a brief dispute over whose fault it was (the Elves’ or the Dwarves’) that the friendship between them waned. Gandalf quickly intervened, though it was not until [[Lothlórien]] that they would truly become friends.

[[Image:Aleksandr Kortich - 03.jpg|thumb|left|300px|''Moria'' by [[Aleksandr Kortich]]]]He was quite helpful to Gandalf in explaining the Doors to the other curious members of the fellowship. Gandalf showed his appreciation of Gimli’s skills by letting him walk up front through the dark tunnels beside himself, and taking brief counsels with him when the way is unsure. It is probable that here Gandalf is tapping into Dwarven inborn or developed skills rather than actual knowledge of Moria itself, as Gimli had never personally been there.

Gimli reacted most indignantly to Sam’s suggestion that Moria was but “holes”, going so far as to chant for him the ancient song ''[[The World was Young, the Mountains Green]]''. Gimli continued to be helpful to Gandalf on the rest of the dark passage, and boldly aided in the [[Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul]], protecting Balin’s tomb. After Gandalf remained behind to halt the Balrog, Gimli led the others across the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]].

He again shows great emotion when they near [[Kheled-zâram]], taking [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] alone out of all the company with him to see it (though Sam follows as well). This hints at a degree of affection for Frodo, though it may merely be because he was the most important of the company. Despite his helpfulness, at [[Lothlórien]] he became the greatest hindrance to the Company, when he alone was required to be blindfolded and of all of them liked the idea the least (save for perhaps Legolas). The compromise was made that the entire company would go through the Golden Wood in this manner, that Gimli would not suffer alone.

Despite this early struggle, it is Gimli of all the company that is most remembered for his deeds in Lothlórien. For his heart softened towards [[Galadriel]] and as a result toward Elves in general when that great lady sympathized with his sorrows, using the traditional Khuzdul names. In return he attempted to compliment her, as he saw her love and understanding. Though slightly clumsy in his first attempt, he distinguished himself when, as Galadriel gave the Company [[Gifts of Galadriel|gifts]], he asked only for a single strand of her hair. This Galadriel graciously gave with a blessing, probably remembering when [[Fëanor]] had requested a similar gift several millennia ago. Henceforth Gimli was known as "[[Lockbearer]]". He wept openly at the departure from Lothlórien, calling the light more dangerous than the darkness he had feared.

After the departure from Lothlórien Gimli is relegated a fairly minor role. He had, however, become a fast friend of Legolas the Elf, a result of Galadriel’s kindness. This, too, made him famous among all the Dwarves of the [[Third Age]].

===The Three Hunters===

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Pursuit in Rohan.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Pursuit in Rohan'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]] After the [[Breaking of the Fellowship]], during which he and Legolas slew many [[orcs]], Gimli listened in silence as his only remaining comrades, [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]] and Legolas, sang a lament for Boromir in the character of three of the Winds. Only the East Wind was left, and Gimli would not sing it, which Aragorn declared to be appropriate.

For most of the chase he served as a commentator, usually leaving the decisions to Aragorn. His reaction was quite hostile to the suspicious [[Rohirrim]], especially after [[Éomer]]’s rash comments about Galadriel. Little did either know that they would become close friends in the times to come as fiery words passed between them. After the [[Three Hunters]] were lent horses, Gimli and Éomer parted in peace, with promises to one another of reconciliation.

Of the Three Hunters, Gimli seemed the most shaken by [[Fangorn]] while they searched for traces of [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]]. Gimli felt no reluctance to shoot the “unarmed” old man whom they thought was [[Saruman]], unlike Aragorn and Legolas. After Gandalf was revealed to them, Gimli fell to his knees. Gandalf put his hand on Gimli’s head, and the dwarf laughed for the first time recorded during the [[Quest of the Ring]].

Gimli’s ire was raised again in King [[Théoden]]’s courts against [[Wormtongue]], who spoke slanderously of the Lady of the Golden Wood. Gandalf quickly calmed him. Gimli was delighted by the [[White Mountains]] and [[Helm’s Deep]], declaring “This country has tough bones”. He declared that if he had a hundred of his kin he could make the fortress invincible.

===War of the Ring===

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Glittering Caves of Aglarond.jpg|thumb|left|300px|''The Glittering Caves of Aglarond'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]During the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], Gimli saved Éomer’s life outside the gates. He came in, boasting of his first two orc-kills to his friend Legolas. Legolas estimated his slaughter to amount to twenty, starting the good-hearted orc-killing game that continued through the rest of the battle. Gimli was the first to the culvert when the orcs crept through, leaping heroically into their midst from the walls. He then proceeded to lead the blocking up of the culvert. During the course of the battle Gimli was one of those forced into the [[Glittering Caves]]. He was astonished to see the magnificence of these caverns, moving even Legolas with his glowing description of them. This one sight would change his life.

His final kill score number was forty-two in that battle, surpassing his friend the elf by one. Gimli shows a hint of humor and affection when he greets the two [[Hobbits]] Merry and Pippin comfortably situated among [[flotsam]] and [[jetsam]] in the ruin of [[Isengard]]. He declared himself deep in Pippin’s debt when the hobbit lent him his spare pipe.

As the fellowship of friends again began to break up – Gandalf and Pippin heading for [[Minas Tirith]], [[Théoden]] and his riders for [[Dunharrow]] – Gimli out of love and respect for Aragorn went with him, Legolas, the sons of Elrond, and the [[Dúnedain]] [[Rangers]] on the [[Paths of the Dead]]. He showed great reluctance before the [[Dark Door]], the final thought that drove him downward was the thought of being bested by an Elf underground.

[[Image:Luca Michelucci - 1999 - March.jpg|thumb|right|200px|By [[Luca Michelucci]]]]He participated in the epic [[Battle of Pelennor Fields]], returning with Aragorn and his other companions on the [[Black Ships]], and later recounted their journey to the fascinated Hobbits. He began to fear for Legolas, who seemed entranced by the Sea. His position on Elves completely changed, he remarked "If all the fair folk take to the Havens, it will be a duller world for those who are doomed to stay". He was much more skeptical as to the overall end of [[Men]] than his comrade.

Gimli fought in the [[Battle of the Morannon]], passing through unscathed, and finding the alive but bruised Pippin among the dead lying on the hill. He returned to the [[Field of Cormallen]] to be reunited to his friends, and there displayed open affection for all of them, even his frequent rival Pippin ("If only because of the pains you have cost me, which I shall never forget").

===After the War of the Ring===

After the coronation of Aragorn, Gimli said farewell to his old friend Éomer, who begged for pardon as to his words on Galadriel, though he slyly added that he didn’t think she was the fairest in the world: adding that [[Arwen]] was only when Gimli began to threaten him. Gimli was content with that.

During the return journey he visited many places with Legolas, including Fangorn Forest and [[Aglarond]]. Eventually he returned to Erebor, to find it nearly devastated by war. [[Dáin II Ironfoot]] had died, and [[Thorin III Stonehelm]] was now King. Eventually, though, he returned to the Glittering Caves with a contingent of dwarves, becoming the “Lord of the Glittering Caves”. He rebuilt the gates of Minas Tirith with [[mithril]] and steel, and in both [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]] accomplished great works. In Aglarond, it is assumed, he lived on until he was old, and in [[Fourth Age 120]] it is believed that he sailed with Legolas his friend across [[Belegaer]] to [[Valinor]]. There he presumably died in peace.

==Character==

Gimli throughout ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' showed perhaps the greatest open contempt for Sauron and his minions, save for perhaps [[Boromir (son of Denethor II)|Boromir]]. He was a grim character, for the most part, laughing only occasionally and, though in a few rare situations inspiring amusement, never joking. Due to his comments especially in the chapter ''[[The Ring goes South]]'', he may be called more superstitious than the others, acting very much as if Caradhras was an actual living being.

Gimli also carries the characteristic of smoldering vengeance against enemies found in many dwarves, such as when speaking of Moria. It may be that Gimli’s strongest show of sentiment was when speaking of Balin and Moria. He also is shown to have a steadfast nature to match, noticeable, for instance, when he plunges heedlessly across a stagnant creek in his eagerness to get to Moria. He also seems to have a love (or an interest, at least) in food, complementing the [[lembas]] of the Elves most highly.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==

Gimli was portrayed in [[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]] as almost as tall as Legolas and Aragorn. He was voiced by [[David Buck]].

[[Image:Gimli son of Gloin.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gimli as portrayed by [[John Rhys-Davies]]]]In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], he was played by [[John Rhys-Davies]], who also provided the voice for [[Treebeard]]. His character has been criticized by Tolkien fans because he acted as the Comedian for ''[[Peter Jackson's The Two Towers|The Two Towers]]'' and ''[[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]'', whereas in the books he was a solid, serious character.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | FAR | | | | | | |FAR=[[Farin]]}}
{{familytree| | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FUN | | | | | | GRO | | |FUN=[[Fundin]]|GRO=[[Gróin]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
{{familytree| BAL | | DWA | | OIN | | GLO |BAL=[[Balin]]|DWA=[[Dwalin]]|OIN=[[Óin son of Gróin|Óin]]|GLO=[[Glóin]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | GIM | GIM='''GIMLI ELF-FRIEND''' }}
{{familytree/end}}

==See Also==
* [[:Category:Images of Gimli|Images of Gimli Elf-friend]]
{{sequence
|prev=none
|next=unknown
|list=[[Lord of the Glittering Caves]] <code>IV</code> ?? – 120
}}
{{fellowship}}

[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Longbeards]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]

[[de:Gimli]]
[[fi:Gimli]]

User talk:Hyarion

2008-03-22T01:59:41Z

CharlesMartel:

{| style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right;"
|-
!align="center"|[[Image:archive.png|50px|Archive]] Archives
----
|-
|
* [[User_talk:Hyarion/Archive 1|2005]]     
* [[User_talk:Hyarion/Archive 2|2006]]     
* [[User_talk:Hyarion/Archive 3|2007]]     
|}
{{usertalk}}

== Title changes, language questions ==

I've read WP's article on editing, but it says nothing on changing the title. How do you change the title? I mean, I saw [[Long Horn Cotton]], I've checked the genealogies, and it's Long Hom. Some of the language headings are incorrect too - especially the [[:Category:Adûnaic_words|Adûnaic]] ones. And do we need a clearer entry on [[:Category:Rohirric_words|Rohirric]], because this is Old English and Rohirian (the word Tolkien used for it) mixed together... [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 07:13, 13 January 2008 (EST)

:Hello there Ederchil, first I wanted to thank you for your recent edits, it is always nice to have a new face around and you've been doing a great job. There should be a move button next to History and you can move the article to the correct title, I've gone ahead and fixed the Long Hom Cotton article. We usually try and bring up the move on the talk page before moving, but for obvious spelling mistakes such as that one it is okay to just move it without asking.
:One thing I always forget as well, when we want to link to Categories we have to add a colon in front, like <nowiki>[[:Category:Rohirric words|Rohirric]]</nowiki>, otherwise it doesn't display the text and just adds the article to said category.
:I agree with both of your statements on Adûnaic and Rohirric words, if you can try to cite your sources that would be great and we can eliminate any errors. Thanks for your input and let me know if I can help with anything at all. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 14:18, 13 January 2008 (EST)

== Ugluk fanfiction ==

Hyar: i'm sorry to accuse you like this but a friend of mine noticed what appears to be some extreme extrepolation in the [[Ugluk]] article. I had a check through the history and noticed that it all changed to that status with your rewrite. Now i know i dont know everything about the texts but what are your sources for Ugluk's company meeting Gollum, along with a preliminary meeting with grishnakh and specific information on how Ugluk's company came about? It's certainly not anywhere in the actual book Lord of the Rings. [[User:Dr Death|Dr Death]] 13:48, 17 January 2008 (EST)

:Don't be sorry! The sooner we cite everything in the articles the better. At the bottom I listed the other reference (aside from ''[[The Two Towers]]'') as "[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]], "The Departure of Boromir,", "The Uruk-hai", this is indeed where the content you brought up came from. I'd definitely recommend this book if you don't have it already. It looks like [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]] found this information in a "Scheme" manuscript which is an unpublished timeline of events. I know little of this manuscript so I'll do some research on it, however I have the utmost respect for Hammond and Scull. I've been holding off on citations since hopefully by the end of the month, next month at the latest, we should be running on an upgraded version of MediaWiki which will allow us to install the same citation extension which Wikipedia uses. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 14:05, 17 January 2008 (EST)

:: Fair enoughski, however the question does arise: 'is it canon?' I think given the confusion that has arisen, it might be worth including a sort of 'other versions of the legendarium' or 'greater works' section in which that information is included and independently assessed since i dont think a footnote will suffice for what the casual reader (and even the dedicated reader: i really was miffed by it) might at first think to be a factual error. [[User:Dr Death|Dr Death]] 04:17, 18 January 2008 (EST)

== Questions on proper form (besides proper comma usage) ==

Articles before proper names of Ages; should it be "in Second Age Numenor was really neat," or more like "in the Third Age the Hobbits were smoking?" It's given that particular dates within any certain age do not need a definite article (in F.A. 42 the elves all sailed the ocean blue) but I'm not sure which way I should format the other. Also, is there any way to flag articles that are in the process of major rewrites so that we are not doubling efforts? Lastly, if I just happened to be a great gift giver, would you and eight of your friends each want to recieve a nice piece of jewelry? [[User:Singe|Singe]] 00:38, 28 January 2008 (EST)

:"the Third Age" is the correct usage vs. simply "Third Age" and yes, you don't need to use "the" if you are stating a specific year of the age. Hm, flagging articles that are in the process of being rewritten is a good idea, until we create a template for such a notice, feel free to just mention so on the article's talk page. I think I would have to double check the possession of the jewelry didn't cause me to turn into a wraith and become controlled by a dark lord before accepting such a thing (sounds an awful lot like an engagement ring...) --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 00:58, 28 January 2008 (EST)

==A picture my-bad==
Could you delete this: Image:20070902204908!Arda.gif? I re-uploaded it with a better name. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 15:24, 8 February 2008 (EST)

:No worries, fixed :) --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 16:10, 8 February 2008 (EST)

== Picture ==

Thank you for the thumbnail! I couldn't figure that out! -Ingwe

:No problem, wiki-code takes some getting used to, but once you get the hang of it , it all makes sense :) --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 01:18, 9 February 2008 (EST)

== Two Trees ==

Please add recent Two Trees of Valinor image to Roger Garland's image page. -Ingwe

:It looks like Ederchil beat me to it. If you ever want to add images to a category just add something like this to the bottom of the page: <nowiki>[[Category:Images by Artist name]]</nowiki> --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 17:46, 9 February 2008 (EST)

::Yeah, I figured that out right after I asked you. I have just finished categorizing my recent uploads and linking their summaries with related articles. -Ingwe

==Main Page==
Isn't it time for a new featured article? Or a new quote? These are on forever. Because of the new Hobbit movie, maybe [[Bilbo Baggins]]? -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 09:32, 11 February 2008 (EST)

:Definitely, one option is to have the article/quote be random from a pre-chosen list of options, and the other is to vote on a new article/quote every week or month. The difficult part with voting is we need to have at least a fair amount of people voting, we might have almost enough editors for that at the moment so maybe we should start working on the process, I'll see if we can launch something with the new skin. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 18:13, 13 February 2008 (EST)

::Actually, when I read the article after I posted, I noticed "stay tuned for April 17th". How outdated. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 09:19, 14 February 2008 (EST)

==Pics on TolkienGateway==
Hello Hyarion, we from Ardapedia are wondering what type of license you use for pictures in TolkienGateway, do you ask for permission from each drawer him/herself? Do you use the common GNU-License like in Wikipedia? We would really like to get and add some new pictures on Ardapedia, but we strictly use licenses (like GNU, PD, and in some cases "copyrighted pics with the permission of the author"), thanks for your answer, --[[User:Sinthoras|Sinthoras]] 11:05, 13 February 2008 (EST)

:Hey there Sinthoras. One thing we definitely need to work on adding is licenses to all the images, as the licenses vary. We try to contact all of the artists for permission before uploading any of their work and so far I think everyone has stated as long as we aren't for-profit, credit them, and link back to their website, etc. then it's fine, we've yet to have someone not allow the images to be displayed. When we don't hear back or are unable to contact/find an artist we upload the images as "Fair use". I would recommend contacting the artists and asking for permission if you can as they tend to want to know who is using their images and I don't know of any that are available under the GNU FDL. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 18:21, 13 February 2008 (EST)

==Epessi and Epithets==
Is there any policy on including these in the article's title? It's obviously the case when dealing with disambigs, like [[Beren Erchamion]], [[Túrin Turambar]] or [[Dior Eluchil]]. However, it's unclear in the case of the kings of Rohan: compare [[Brytta Léofa]] and [[Fréaláf Hildeson]] with [[Théoden]] (not "Théoden Ednew"), and [[Éomer]] (not "Éomer Éadig"). Nor is it the case with [[Borondir]] ("Borondir Udalraph"). IMO it would look more "professional" if we would include such epithets and epessi in the title. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 13:07, 18 February 2008 (EST)

:Good question. I don't have a problem with adding them, as obviously we would include redirects from the common name. Up until this point we have tried to just use whatever name was mentioned the most in Tolkien's text as this is what the most people would be familiar with. My only concern would be it would turn a large percentage of links to Théoden, Éomer, etc. into links to redirects, and we probably don't want to bother with typing <nowiki>[[Théoden Ednew|Théoden]]</nowiki>. It also might add, if only minimally, some confusion for those who aren't familiar with "Théoden Ednew" or "Éomer Éadig". However these aren't huge negatives and if everyone else thinks it would be a good idea then I'm all for it. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 16:46, 18 February 2008 (EST)

==Translations==
I was disussing this with someone: there's apparently no good place where the names of all the characters and places are in translations of the book. I only found [http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_vertalingen_van_Engelse_namen_in_Arda this] on Dutch Wikipedia (presumably, other language wiki's have lists too). We already have such a list at Frodo, should we include such lists at other characters as well? 
Also, did you know [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_Leopard-Walk-Up-to-Dragon#Inspirations this]? Definately worth some research. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 04:46, 26 February 2008 (EST)

:I think it would be worth noting the translations of the character's name in the article, and I definitely think an article which lists all of the translations would be a great idea. What should we call the article, "Translations"? The Harry Potter book is hilarious and I hadn't realized it was a rip off of The Hobbit until now, while probably not worth its own article, we should probably find some place to put that information. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 18:16, 28 February 2008 (EST)

::What we could also do is make separate pages for all the translations (with a cat:Translations), including information on publishing date, company, translator, and characters. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 10:04, 29 February 2008 (EST)

:::I guess it just depends on how much of a conflict there is between different translations of the same name by different translators into the same language. My idea would be to have a universal article such as ''Translations'' that has a table with them all. One thing we definitely need is, not necessarily an article for every foreign edition, but at least one article for every language for now, so something like ''Chinese editions of The Lord of the Rings'' seems logical. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 18:42, 3 March 2008 (EST)

==Referencing==

I would appreciate much if you could turn on the <ref> tag. It would be nice to add where the details were found when writing/rewriting an article.
-- nikolet 00:42, 27 February 2008 (EST)

:Just me bursting in Hyar's talk: I usually ref with <nowiki>[[#References|1]]</nowiki>. It's a lot of typing, but gets more or less the required result. We should really get a standard referencing, btw. I think [[Denethor II#References|this]] ([[User:Narfil Palùrfalas|Narfil]]'s, I believe) should be standard. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 04:34, 27 February 2008 (EST)

::Well, we may as well discuss the templates for referencing then. I prefer to make citations up to the footnote # or para #, when I [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ABanorian_lamp edit]. How about we have a discussion on the said topic on the irc server, this Saturday? We may as well discuss the finer points of templates such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:ME-date this] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:ME-ref this] -- nikolet 20:37, 27 February 2008 (EST)

:::I can't seem to find where we had the earlier discussion on this but for now we should follow Narfil's lead and just use the reference system as used in [[Denethor II]], but as soon as we upgrade the MediaWiki engine (during my Spring break is the goal) we'll be using the same ref system that Wikipedia uses. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 18:46, 3 March 2008 (EST)

::::I've made an doc of what I think is a good way to reference (which was what I originally meant), which should bring some uniformity in [[Tolkien_Gateway:Standards#References|referencing]]. The current system is vague, and looking at some entries ([[Constellations]], for one) not very well followed. I can mail it to you if you're interested, or post it on my own namespace ( [[User:Ederchil/Referencing]] or something). -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 05:47, 6 March 2008 (EST)

==Polystone statues==
Is there really any reason for so many pages to exist solely for the advertisment of statues from the Peter Jackson films? It seems, well...stupid. However, I didn't feel it would be prudent to just delete them without asking.[[User:CharlesMartel|CharlesMartel]] 21:59, 21 March 2008 (EDT)CharlesMartel

Hyarmendacil I

2008-03-22T01:42:11Z

CharlesMartel:

{{Pronounce|Hyarmendacil.mp3|Ardamir}}
{{merge|Ciryaher}}
'''Hyarmendacil I''' was the fifteenth King of [[Gondor]] from [[Third Age]] 1015 until 1149. His father [[Ciryandil]] was slain defending Umbar while besieged.

His original name was '''[[Ciryaher]]'''. He was the fourth and last Ship-king.

Ciryaher began his reign reorganizing Gondor's armies and in 1050 he openly declared war on the [[Haradrim]] and defeated them. The Haradrim were forced to recognize him as their lord and king. After this victory he called himself ''Hyarmendacil'', meaning "South-victor".

Under his reign Gondor reached its greatest extent and power.
The passes of [[Mordor]] were well guarded, so evil found no chance in Hyarmendacil's reign. No one dared to contest his power and Gondor was at peace for the rest of his long reign of 134 years.

He was succeeded by his lazy son [[Atanatar II Alcarin]].
{{sequence
|prev=[[Ciryandil]]
|next=[[Atanatar II Alcarin]]
|list=15th [[King of Gondor]] <code>III</code> 1015 – 1149
}}

[[Category:Dúnedain]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]