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The Old English Exodus

2025-02-28T16:15:10Z

DanielM99: Removed claim that it is a 10th century poem (it formed part of the the Junius Manuscript which was compiled in the 10th century, but the poem itself is considered to be much older).

{{book
|title=The Old English Exodus
| image = Exodus.jpg
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
|editor=Joan Turville-Petre
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|date=[[28 January]] [[1982]]
|format=Hardcover
|pages=95
|isbn=0198111770
}}
'''''The Old English Exodus''''' is a book collecting [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s text and prose translation of the [[Old English]] poem ''[[wikipedia:Exodus (poem)|Exodus]]'', accompanied by a commentary which was organized from a series of Tolkien's lecture notes from the 1930-40s. The editor is [[Joan Turville-Petre]].

''Exodus'' does not refer to the second book book of the Bible, but an Old English retelling in the form of an alliterative poem; it contains 590 lines. It re-tells the story of the Israelites' flight from Egyptian captivity and the Crossing of the Red Sea in the manner of a "heroic epic", similar in style to ''[[wikipedia:Beowulf|Beowulf]]''.

The book was published in [[1982]] (though dated 1981),<ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Douglas A. Anderson]] (1993), ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography]]'': B35</ref> with only 3000 copies printed, and has not been reprinted since.

==Contents==
*Editor's Preface
*Select Bibliography

*'''Text'''
*'''Translation'''
*'''Commentary'''

*Index to Commentary

==From the editor==
{{blockquote|The Old English Exodus is based on full notes for a series of lectures delivered to a special class in Oxford in the 1930s and 1940s; the notes were retouched in the following decade. It was never intended to be an edition, although the lecturer scrupulously drew up and edited text as basis of his commentary. It is an interpretation of the poem, designed to reconstruct the original (as far as that is possible), and to place it in the context of Old English poetry.}}


{{references}}
{{title|italics}}
{{Publishedmajorbooks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Old English Exodus, The}}
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Posthumous publications]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]
[[de:The Old English Exodus]]
[[fi:The Old English Exodus]]

Khuzdul

2024-08-25T20:03:07Z

DanielM99: /* Pronunciation */

{{cleanup}}
{{quote|A fair jaw-cracker dwarf-language must be!|[[Samwise Gamgee]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Ring Goes South]]"}}
'''Khuzdul''', or '''Dwarvish''', was the secret language of the [[Dwarves]].

==History==
[[Aulë]], the creator of the [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves]], taught them "the language he had devised for them". Therefore, unlike many other tongues, Khuzdul is therefore unrelated in origin and different from the languages of the [[Elves]], due to descending not from an Elvish tongue but from Aulë himself. Few of other race have ever succeeded in learning it.<ref>{{S|10}}</ref><ref>{{App|Other}}</ref> The Dwarves were not unwilling to teach Khuzdul to their close friends, but Men found it difficult to learn more than a few words, some of which were loaned.<ref name="pmrel" />

In the [[First Age]], before the ancestors of the [[Edain]] crossed into [[Beleriand]], they had contact with the Dwarves in [[Rhovanion]] and later in the [[Blue Mountains]]. As such, there are many similarities between Khuzdul and the native tongues of men, such as [[Taliska|the language of the first and third houses]] of the [[Edain]]. That language was the ancestor of [[Adûnaic]], the tongue of Númenor and the direct ancestor of the [[Westron|Common Speech]]. These [[Mannish]] languages displayed Khuzdul influences.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #4</ref>

During the Third Age the Dwarves of the [[Westlands]] had mostly adopted [[Westron]] and Khuzdul was a learned language, being taught to their children at an early age. They used it among themselves and as a language of books and lore, and for records not intended for outsiders.<ref name="DM">{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

By their own will the Dwarves resisted the change of their language<ref name="pmrel">{{PM|Relations}}</ref> and the language diversified and changed so slowly, 'like the weathering of hard rock compared with the melting of snow'<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #26</ref> considering the languages even of the Elves. As a result, it remained similar to the original form taught by Aulë, and even if the sundered [[:Category:Dwarven clans|clans]] developed their own dialects, even in the [[Third Age]], the clans could communicate easily, serving as a ''lingua franca'' between them.<ref name="DM" />

One of the only major phrases known to outsiders is their battle-cry: ''[[Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!]]'' meaning ''Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!''

==Naming==
The Dwarves were secretive by nature and their native names were considered too intimate to reveal to outsiders. In public life they took external names in the language of their surroundings. It is not known if these "outer" names are translations of their inner names, or whether they had any relation, or not. The [[Longbeards]] for example adopted [[Northern Mannish]] names or made their own from N. Mannish elements, or even fabricated names that sounded like N. Mannish.<ref>{{App|Languages}}</ref><ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #32</ref> Dwarves would not even reveal their inner names on their tombs, since there was always a possibility that the inscription would be read by strangers. For example, [[Balin's Tomb]] displayed the outer names of [[Balin]] and [[Fundin]] rather than their inner names. Eventually they would make use of their "outer" names even among themselves.<ref name="DM" />

The Dwarves would re-adopt a name in consequence of some event, like a migration.<ref name="DM" />

==Writing==
It is said that the Dwarves had developed an ideographic or pictographic writing, until they came close to the [[Eldar]] and realized the usefulness of the alphabetic [[tengwar]] and [[cirth]] systems; this influence came especially from the [[Noldor]] of [[Eregion]] during the [[Second Age]]. The Dwarves didn't use written communication much but were fond of inscriptions cut in stone, and thus (even though the [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]] used runes only as a "matter of lore" mainly for formal writings) the [[Dwarves of Moria]] found the cirth more practical.<ref name="DM" /> The Longbeards would retain the use of these runes, as evidenced by Gandalf recognizing the runes of [[Daeron]] upon the tomb of Balin.

The Dwarves adopted and modified the cirth at various stages (see: [[Angerthas Moria]], [[Angerthas Erebor]]). By the [[Third Age]] the cirth were largely forgotten but by the Dwarves, so there was the misconception that the Dwarves invented them, known as "dwarf-letters".<ref name="DM" />

When transcribed with the Latin alphabet, *k* is used in place of *c*.<ref name=":0">{{App|Consonants}}</ref>

==Pronunciation==
Khuzdul did not have the sounds represented in the Latin transcription of Eldarin languages by ''kh'' (''ch'', see note above) and ''th''. Instead, these digraphs referred to the aspirated /kʰ/ and /tʰ/, respectively.<ref>{{App|Note}}</ref> Hence, the initial consonant in ''Khuzdul'' is /kʰ/, and the initial consonant in ''[[Thorin]]'' is /tʰ/.

Some Dwarves used a uvular ''r'' (/ʁ/) which the Eldar found distasteful.<ref name=":0" />

==Etymology==
The word ''Khuzdul'' (also spelled ''Khuzdûl'' in late manuscripts<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 321 (footnote 19)</ref><ref name="VT48">{{VT|48a}}, pp. 6, 24</ref>) is composed of the stem ''[[Khazâd|KH-Z-D]]'', and the adjectival or genitival ending ''-ul''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In older writings such as ''[[The Lhammas]]'' and ''[[The Tree of Tongues]]'', Tolkien described several phyla of the [[Valarin]] language, and Khuzdul, devised by Aule, belongs to the '''[[Aulëan]]''' phylum.

Other names used by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] for the language of the Dwarves include:
*Khazadian<ref>{{SD|Drowning}}</ref>{{rp|414}}
*Aulian<ref name="lh">{{LR|Lhammas}}</ref>{{rp|179, 197}}
*Nauglian<ref name="lh" />{{rp|197}}<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}</ref>{{rp|277}}
*Naukarin<ref>{{PE|18}}</ref>{{rp|28–9, 81}}

==Inspiration==
Khuzdul appears to be structured, like the Semitic languages, around triconsonantal roots, such as ''kh-z-d'', ''b-n-d'', and ''z-g-l''.

The Dwarvish language sounds much like [[Hebrew]], and indeed [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] noted some similarities between the Dwarves and the Jews: both were "''at once natives and aliens in their habitations, speaking the languages of the country, but with an accent due to their own private tongue''…".<ref>{{L|176}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Neo-Khuzdul===
{{seealso|Neo-Elvish}}
For [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]] and [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film series]], the linguist [[David Salo]] used what little is known of Khuzdul to create enough of a language for use in the movies. This is usually referred to as neo-Khuzdul by [[Tolkienists]]. [[Gimli]] says the Neo-Khuzdul insult, ''Ishkhaqwi ai durugnul'', (commonly translated "I spit on your grave!") to [[Haldir]] in the extended edition of [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|''Fellowship of the Ring'']]. Salo did not provide this phrase, and it didn't fit easily into his neo-Khuzdul. When the scriptwriter for [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film series]] asked him about it with the idea of having Thorin use the same curse, Salo reverse-engineered Gimli's line into a neo-Khuzdul phrase ''îsh kakhfê ai-‘d-dûr-rugnul'' meaning "May my excrement be poured upon the naked-jawed (ones)".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=http://midgardsmal.com/gimla-ok-thorins-bǫlvan/|articlename=Gimla ok Þorins bǫlvan|dated=20-06-2014|website=Midgardsmal|accessed=23-01-2017}}</ref>

==External links==
*[[Helge Fauskanger]], ''[http://www.uib.no/people/hnohf/khuzdul.htm Khuzdul]'', [[Ardalambion]]
*[[Magnus Åberg]], ''[http://www.forodrim.org/daeron/md_khuzdul.html An analysis of Dwarvish]'', [[Mellonath Daeron]]
*Jay Lawson, ''[http://sites.google.com/site/quasikhuzdul/Home Quasi-Khuzdul]''
*[http://www.jrrvf.com/~glaemscrafu/english/khuzdul.html Khuzdul sound samples] at [[Glǽmscrafu]]
{{references}}
{{languages}}
[[Category:Khuzdul| ]]
[[Category:Khuzdul words]]
[[fr:encyclo/langues/khuzdul]]
[[de:Khuzdul]]
[[fi:Kääpiökieli]]

Khuzdul

2024-08-25T20:01:50Z

DanielM99: Added note on Writing, created Pronunciation section.

{{cleanup}}
{{quote|A fair jaw-cracker dwarf-language must be!|[[Samwise Gamgee]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Ring Goes South]]"}}
'''Khuzdul''', or '''Dwarvish''', was the secret language of the [[Dwarves]].

==History==
[[Aulë]], the creator of the [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves]], taught them "the language he had devised for them". Therefore, unlike many other tongues, Khuzdul is therefore unrelated in origin and different from the languages of the [[Elves]], due to descending not from an Elvish tongue but from Aulë himself. Few of other race have ever succeeded in learning it.<ref>{{S|10}}</ref><ref>{{App|Other}}</ref> The Dwarves were not unwilling to teach Khuzdul to their close friends, but Men found it difficult to learn more than a few words, some of which were loaned.<ref name="pmrel" />

In the [[First Age]], before the ancestors of the [[Edain]] crossed into [[Beleriand]], they had contact with the Dwarves in [[Rhovanion]] and later in the [[Blue Mountains]]. As such, there are many similarities between Khuzdul and the native tongues of men, such as [[Taliska|the language of the first and third houses]] of the [[Edain]]. That language was the ancestor of [[Adûnaic]], the tongue of Númenor and the direct ancestor of the [[Westron|Common Speech]]. These [[Mannish]] languages displayed Khuzdul influences.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #4</ref>

During the Third Age the Dwarves of the [[Westlands]] had mostly adopted [[Westron]] and Khuzdul was a learned language, being taught to their children at an early age. They used it among themselves and as a language of books and lore, and for records not intended for outsiders.<ref name="DM">{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

By their own will the Dwarves resisted the change of their language<ref name="pmrel">{{PM|Relations}}</ref> and the language diversified and changed so slowly, 'like the weathering of hard rock compared with the melting of snow'<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #26</ref> considering the languages even of the Elves. As a result, it remained similar to the original form taught by Aulë, and even if the sundered [[:Category:Dwarven clans|clans]] developed their own dialects, even in the [[Third Age]], the clans could communicate easily, serving as a ''lingua franca'' between them.<ref name="DM" />

One of the only major phrases known to outsiders is their battle-cry: ''[[Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!]]'' meaning ''Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!''

==Naming==
The Dwarves were secretive by nature and their native names were considered too intimate to reveal to outsiders. In public life they took external names in the language of their surroundings. It is not known if these "outer" names are translations of their inner names, or whether they had any relation, or not. The [[Longbeards]] for example adopted [[Northern Mannish]] names or made their own from N. Mannish elements, or even fabricated names that sounded like N. Mannish.<ref>{{App|Languages}}</ref><ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #32</ref> Dwarves would not even reveal their inner names on their tombs, since there was always a possibility that the inscription would be read by strangers. For example, [[Balin's Tomb]] displayed the outer names of [[Balin]] and [[Fundin]] rather than their inner names. Eventually they would make use of their "outer" names even among themselves.<ref name="DM" />

The Dwarves would re-adopt a name in consequence of some event, like a migration.<ref name="DM" />

==Writing==
It is said that the Dwarves had developed an ideographic or pictographic writing, until they came close to the [[Eldar]] and realized the usefulness of the alphabetic [[tengwar]] and [[cirth]] systems; this influence came especially from the [[Noldor]] of [[Eregion]] during the [[Second Age]]. The Dwarves didn't use written communication much but were fond of inscriptions cut in stone, and thus (even though the [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]] used runes only as a "matter of lore" mainly for formal writings) the [[Dwarves of Moria]] found the cirth more practical.<ref name="DM" /> The Longbeards would retain the use of these runes, as evidenced by Gandalf recognizing the runes of [[Daeron]] upon the tomb of Balin.

The Dwarves adopted and modified the cirth at various stages (see: [[Angerthas Moria]], [[Angerthas Erebor]]). By the [[Third Age]] the cirth were largely forgotten but by the Dwarves, so there was the misconception that the Dwarves invented them, known as "dwarf-letters".<ref name="DM" />

When transcribed with the Latin alphabet, *k* is used in place of *c*.<ref name=":0">{{App|Consonants}}</ref>

==Pronunciation==
Khuzdul did not have the sounds represented in the Latin transcription of Eldarin languages by ''kh'' (''ch'', see note above) and ''th''. Instead, these digraphs referred to the aspirated /kʰ/ and /tʰ/, respectively.<ref>{{App|Note}}</ref> Hence, the initial consonant in ''Khuzdul'' is /kʰ/.

Some Dwarves used a uvular ''r'' (/ʁ/) which the Eldar found distasteful.<ref name=":0" />

==Etymology==
The word ''Khuzdul'' (also spelled ''Khuzdûl'' in late manuscripts<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 321 (footnote 19)</ref><ref name="VT48">{{VT|48a}}, pp. 6, 24</ref>) is composed of the stem ''[[Khazâd|KH-Z-D]]'', and the adjectival or genitival ending ''-ul''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 47</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In older writings such as ''[[The Lhammas]]'' and ''[[The Tree of Tongues]]'', Tolkien described several phyla of the [[Valarin]] language, and Khuzdul, devised by Aule, belongs to the '''[[Aulëan]]''' phylum.

Other names used by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] for the language of the Dwarves include:
*Khazadian<ref>{{SD|Drowning}}</ref>{{rp|414}}
*Aulian<ref name="lh">{{LR|Lhammas}}</ref>{{rp|179, 197}}
*Nauglian<ref name="lh" />{{rp|197}}<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}</ref>{{rp|277}}
*Naukarin<ref>{{PE|18}}</ref>{{rp|28–9, 81}}

==Inspiration==
Khuzdul appears to be structured, like the Semitic languages, around triconsonantal roots, such as ''kh-z-d'', ''b-n-d'', and ''z-g-l''.

The Dwarvish language sounds much like [[Hebrew]], and indeed [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] noted some similarities between the Dwarves and the Jews: both were "''at once natives and aliens in their habitations, speaking the languages of the country, but with an accent due to their own private tongue''…".<ref>{{L|176}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Neo-Khuzdul===
{{seealso|Neo-Elvish}}
For [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]] and [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film series]], the linguist [[David Salo]] used what little is known of Khuzdul to create enough of a language for use in the movies. This is usually referred to as neo-Khuzdul by [[Tolkienists]]. [[Gimli]] says the Neo-Khuzdul insult, ''Ishkhaqwi ai durugnul'', (commonly translated "I spit on your grave!") to [[Haldir]] in the extended edition of [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|''Fellowship of the Ring'']]. Salo did not provide this phrase, and it didn't fit easily into his neo-Khuzdul. When the scriptwriter for [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film series]] asked him about it with the idea of having Thorin use the same curse, Salo reverse-engineered Gimli's line into a neo-Khuzdul phrase ''îsh kakhfê ai-‘d-dûr-rugnul'' meaning "May my excrement be poured upon the naked-jawed (ones)".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[David Salo]]|articleurl=http://midgardsmal.com/gimla-ok-thorins-bǫlvan/|articlename=Gimla ok Þorins bǫlvan|dated=20-06-2014|website=Midgardsmal|accessed=23-01-2017}}</ref>

==External links==
*[[Helge Fauskanger]], ''[http://www.uib.no/people/hnohf/khuzdul.htm Khuzdul]'', [[Ardalambion]]
*[[Magnus Åberg]], ''[http://www.forodrim.org/daeron/md_khuzdul.html An analysis of Dwarvish]'', [[Mellonath Daeron]]
*Jay Lawson, ''[http://sites.google.com/site/quasikhuzdul/Home Quasi-Khuzdul]''
*[http://www.jrrvf.com/~glaemscrafu/english/khuzdul.html Khuzdul sound samples] at [[Glǽmscrafu]]
{{references}}
{{languages}}
[[Category:Khuzdul| ]]
[[Category:Khuzdul words]]
[[fr:encyclo/langues/khuzdul]]
[[de:Khuzdul]]
[[fi:Kääpiökieli]]

Thorin

2024-08-25T19:22:08Z

DanielM99: added pronunciation

{{disambig-more|Thorin|[[Thorin (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Dwarves|Dwarf]]
| name=Thorin II
| image=Rodrigo Machado - Thorin Oakenshield.png
| caption="Thorin Oakenshield" by [[Rodrigo Machado]]
| pronun=[[Khuzdul|Kh]], {{IPA|[tʰorin/tʰoʁin]}}
| othernames=Thorin Oakenshield<ref name=AppA3>{{App|A3}}</ref>
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<ref name=AppA3/> [[King under the Mountain]]<ref name=H10>{{H|10}}</ref>
| position=
| location=[[Dunland]] [[Thorin's Halls]]<ref name="UT9"/> [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]<ref name=AppA3/>
| affiliation=[[Thorin and Company]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]] and [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2746}}
| birthlocation=[[Lonely Mountain]]
| rule=c. {{TA|2845}}<ref group=note name="succession">It is unclear when Thorin succeeded his father as King, after his disappearance. Thráin was abducted in {{TA|2845}} and presumably his companions reported it soon after. Thráin died in capture in [[Third Age 2850|five years later]], but nobody knew it at that time. Gandalf was the only one to witness his death, but he did not know who he was. According to [[Appendix A]], it was only in {{TA|2941}}, when Gandalf met Thorin that he realised that the captured Dwarf he saw dying in [[Dol Guldur]] 91 years ago was Thráin, and presumably (not mentioned in the narrative) he reported it to Thorin. It is hard to believe that the Longbeards knew when their King died, or that they remained kingless for almost a century until Gandalf confirmed the death of Thráin to Thorin. It is reasonable that Thorin succeeded his father not too long after his disappearance.</ref> – {{TA|2941|n}}
| death={{TA|2941}} (aged 195)
| deathlocation=[[Battle of Five Armies]]
| age=
| notablefor= [[Quest of Erebor|The Quest of Erebor]]
| house=[[House of Durin]]
| parentage=[[Thráin|Thráin II]]
| siblings=[[Frerin]], [[Dís]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=White beard<ref name="History"/>
| eyes=
| clothing=Sky-blue hood with a long silver tassel,<ref name="H1">{{H|1}}</ref> coat of gold-plated rings,<ref name="H13"/> belt crusted with scarlet stones<ref name="H13">{{H|13}}</ref>
| weapons=[[Orcrist]] Silver-hafted axe<ref name="H13"/>
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|I am Thorin son of Thrain son of Thror King under the Mountain! I return!|Thorin in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[A Warm Welcome]]"}}</center>

'''Thorin II''', also known as '''Thorin Oakenshield''', was the [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]] from {{TA|2850}} until his death in {{TA|2941}}, being the son of [[Thráin|Thráin II]], grandson of [[Thrór]] and older brother to [[Frerin]] and [[Dís]]. Thorin led [[Durin's Folk]] of the [[Blue Mountains]] during their time in exile. In {{TA|2941}} he led the [[Quest of Erebor|quest]] for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] accompanied by twelve [[Dwarves]], [[Bilbo Baggins]], and [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]]; he briefly became [[King under the Mountain]] until he perished following the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref>{{App|A3}}; {{UT|9}}; {{H|10}}; {{App|B2}}</ref>

==History==
===Youth and exile===
Thorin was born in {{TA|2746}}, presumably in the Lonely Mountain where his grandfather, [[Thrór]], was King under the Mountain. Thorin was still a youngster (aged c. 24), by Dwarves' reckoning, when the dragon [[Smaug]] descended upon the mountain of Erebor in flames. Smaug left the mannish town of [[Dale]] in ruins and killed many dwarves who were inside the mountain. Thrór and Thráin (Thorin's father) escaped using a secret [[Back Door]]. Meanwhile Thorin was one of the few Dwarves who were not inside the mountain at the time. Thus the surviving [[Dwarves of Erebor]] were driven into exile and Thrór, Thráin, and Thorin fled south and ended up to [[Dunland]].<ref name="AppA3" /><ref name="H1" />

===War of the Dwarves and Orcs===
Disillusioned, Thorin's grandfather Thrór wandered to the [[Great Gates|Eastern gate]] of [[Moria]], the old mansion of the [[Longbeards]], now infested by [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|Orcs]]. He entered it and ended up murdered and desecrated by the Orc [[Azog]]. These news were brought by his companion [[Nár]] to Thráin, thus the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] began.<ref name="AppA3" />
[[File:Mikel Janin - Battle of Azanulbizar.jpeg|left|thumb|''Battle of Azanulbizar'' by [[:Category:Images by Mikel Janin|Mikel Janin]]]]
The war was fought long and hard between the two races, ultimately ending in a pyrrhic Dwarven victory at the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] in {{TA|2799}}. Both Thráin and Thorin were wounded during this battle and [[Frerin]] (Thorin's brother) was killed. When his shield broke, he cut a bough from an oak tree to block the blows of his foes.<ref>{{App|A3}}, note 46.</ref> Despite victory no Dwarf dared to re-enter [[Moria]] out of fear of [[Durin's Bane]].<ref name="App|A3">{{App|A3}}; {{App|B2}}</ref>

In memory of this, Thorin swore to always bear a plain shield of oak with no device until he should be hailed king,<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref> and thus he earned the epithet '''Oakenshield'''.

===Return into exile===
[[File:Charles Burggraf - We will get it back.jpg|thumb|right|left|''"We will get it back"'' by [[:Category:Images by Charles Burggraf|Charles Burggraf]]]]
Thráin, Thorin, and the other survivors of [[Durin's Folk]] left Azanulbizar and returned to [[Dunland]]. However they soon began to wander [[Eriador]] before settling at last in the [[Blue Mountains]]. Here they prospered in their own fashion, forging iron objects and increasing their numbers (albeit, due to a scarceness of [[Dwarf-women]], very slowly, and by wandering Longbeards who heard of his dwelling). Nonetheless they all still longed to return to the Lonely Mountain.<ref name="AppA3" />

By this time Thráin was in possession of [[Ring of Thrór|the last]] of the [[Seven Rings]] of power. It is possible that as [[Sauron]]'s power grew so too did the ring's influence over Thráin. His burning desire for gold and to return to the Lonely Mountain became too great and in {{TA|2841}} he set out to return. Thorin, then aged ninety-five, was never to see his father again, as Sauron captured and imprisoned Thráin in [[Dol Guldur]]. Thus it was that around Thráin 's disappearance and death ({{TA|2850}}) Thorin became the [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]. Thorin and his people were content living in the [[Blue Mountains]] and [[Eriador]] but as the years waned Thorin's desire to return to Erebor grew.<ref name="App|A3" />

===Quest for Erebor===

====A new hope====
{{quote|Listen to me, Thorin Oakenshield! [...] If this hobbit goes with you, you will succeed. If not, you will fail. A foresight is on me, and I am warning you.|[[Gandalf]]<ref name="UT9">{{UT|9}}</ref>}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Gandalf and Thorin.jpg|thumb|''Gandalf and Thorin'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
The fortunes of the House of Durin changed when Thorin met [[Gandalf]] by chance in {{TA|2941}}.<ref group="note">Different accounts dispute the exact location of this first meeting. One source states that it occurred at an Inn in [[Bree]]. Whilst another states that Thorin started talking to Gandalf when he overtook him on the road.</ref> They then proceeded to go to [[Thorin's Halls]]. There they discussed their tales and Gandalf formulated a plan. Gandalf knew that Sauron could have potentially used Smaug with devastating effect. Therefore both he and Thorin had a shared interest in removing Smaug. Gandalf wanted Thorin and a company of dwarves to travel to the Lonely Mountain taking [[Bilbo Baggins]] with them. Gandalf's instinct was that the [[Quest of Erebor]] would only be successful if Bilbo accompanied them.

Therefore Gandalf invited Thorin and other Dwarves to [[Hobbiton]] of [[the Shire]], instructing them to look for a [[Smials|smial]] whose door was marked with the sign of the thief (as the dwarves had gotten it into their head that Bilbo was a thief). Thus Thorin found himself in [[Bag End]], where they perused the hobbit's hospitality. However, Thorin and the dwarves were not convinced; it was not until Gandalf revealed [[Thrór's Map]] and key that Thorin was convinced that the quest would be profitable to him. Even after the "[[An Unexpected Party|Unexpected Party]]" Gandalf only persuaded Thorin to take Bilbo on the morning that they set off.<ref>{{App|A3}}; {{UT|9}}</ref>

Thus it was that in {{TA|2941}} Thorin set off for the Lonely Mountain with Gandalf, Bilbo Baggins, [[Fíli]], [[Kíli]], [[Balin]], [[Dwalin]], [[Dori]], [[Nori]], [[Ori]], [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Bifur]], [[Bofur]], and [[Bombur]]. A short time into the journey the adventurers found a Troll's cave. Here they found a hoard of treasure which included blades made in the ancient city of [[Gondolin]]. Bilbo found a knife that he named [[Sting]], Gandalf acquired [[Glamdring]] and meanwhile Thorin found [[Orcrist]].<ref name="H2" /> Whilst [[Thorin and Company]] were in [[Rivendell]] [[Elrond]] read the inscriptions on the blades and informed them of their sword's histories. He also read the [[moon-letters]] on Thrór's map; it read "''stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks [...] and the setting sun with the last light of [[Durin's Day]] will shine upon the keyhole.''"<ref>{{H|3}}</ref>

====Return of the King under the Mountain====
[[File:David T. Wenzel - Thorin in Esgaroth.jpg|thumb|left|''Thorin in Esgaroth'' by [[David T. Wenzel]]]]
Upon reaching [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]], the closest settlement to the Lonely Mountain, Thorin was greeted warmly and the men of Lake-town hailed the return of the [[King under the Mountain]].<ref name="H10">{{H|10}}</ref> They soon reached the Lonely Mountain itself and "''with the last light of Durin's Day''" they found the secret side-door, using the key to open it.<ref>{{H|11}}</ref> Thorin sent Bilbo in to carry out his duty as their 'esteemed burglar'. This enraged Smaug who sought to destroy the burglar and take out his vengeance on the [[Lake-men]].<ref>{{H|12}}</ref> The dragon was slain by [[Bard]] who pierced an un-armoured spot on the dragon's underside <ref>{{H|14}}</ref> with a [[Black Arrow]].

Upon hearing the news of the death of Smaug, Thorin fortified the main entrance to the mountain. Hosts of [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]] and Lake-men approached the mountain led by the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]] and Bard respectively. Thorin refused to consider Bard's claim to a share in the treasure until the Elven-host had withdrawn. Refusing to send away the Elves, Bard pronounced the mountain under siege until Thorin would give them their part of the treasure. Then Thorin sent for his cousin, [[Dáin Ironfoot]], who brought more than five-hundred Dwarves from the [[Iron Hills]].<ref>{{H|15}}; {{H|16}}</ref> Bilbo sought to bring an end to the dispute; to this end he secretly gave the [[Arkenstone]] to Bard and the Elvenking to use in making a deal with Thorin. When Thorin heard about Bilbo's actions he was furious and cast him out of the company.<ref>{{H|17}}</ref>

====Death====
[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Death of Thorin Oakenshield.jpg|thumb|right|''The Death of Thorin Oakenshield'' by [[Darrell Sweet]]]]
However, all disputes were cast aside when the army of [[Bolg]], Azog's son, suddenly attacked. Thus the three armies of [[Elves]], [[Men]], and [[Dwarves]] united against the two armies of [[Orcs|Goblins]] and [[Wargs]]: the [[Battle of Five Armies]] had begun. As the battle drew on, Thorin leapt from the front gate and rallied all Elves, Men, and Dwarves to him. The armies of the [[free peoples]] of [[Middle-earth]] emerged triumphant. Nonetheless [[Kíli]] and [[Fíli]] were killed and Thorin was gravely wounded. On his deathbed Thorin apologised to Bilbo for his angry words and deeds. He commended his good character, courage and friendship, saying that ''"if more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world."'' With that, he died. He was laid to rest deep within the Lonely Mountain. [[Bard]] of [[Dale]] placed the Arkenstone upon Thorin's chest, whilst the Elvenking laid Orcrist upon Thorin's tomb.<ref>{{H|17}}; {{H|18}}</ref>

==Characteristics==
===Appearance===
{{quote|It was Thorin, but you could only have told it by his golden chain, and by the colour of his now dirty and tattered sky-blue hood with its tarnished silver tassel.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[Barrels Out of Bond]]"}}

Thorin had a white beard<ref name="History">{{HH|7iv}}</ref> and wore a sky-blue hood with a long silver tassel. Around his neck he wore a golden chain, upon which he attached his grandfather's key.<ref name="H1" /> He wore a belt of gold and jewels,<ref name="History" /> and his stockings were yellow. He was also said to be quite tall for a dwarf, though his height was otherwise negligible compared to other races.<ref name="H2">{{H|2}}</ref>

===Personality===
{{quote|Thorin did not live to enjoy his triumph or his treasure. Pride and greed overcame him in spite of my warning.|[[Gandalf]]<ref name="UT9"/>}}

Thorin was capable of being stubborn, proud, and greedy. According to Gandalf he was, from the beginning, contemptuous about the notion that [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] should go with him on his long-desired adventure to the Lonely Mountain; he thought that Gandalf was trying to mock him and make him look foolish. Indeed, Thorin found it difficult to accept the advice of Gandalf at all, believing that he should have been drawing plans for war and battle rather than planning to use a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] as a burglar. He gradually came to respect the Hobbit's value to his quest as Bilbo again and again proved his stealth and courage. Thorin's most coveted prize was the [[Arkenstone]], something which Bilbo believed was not only the heart of the mountain but the heart of Thorin also.<ref>{{UT|9}}; {{H|17}}; {{H|18}}</ref>

Another one of his distinctive characteristics was that on important occasions he had the habit of going on "without telling any one there anything that was not known already".<ref name="H1" /> Once he referred to Fíli and Kíli as "sons of my father's daughter" rather than "nephews" or "sister-sons", for instance.<ref name="H10" />

===Weapons===
Thorin was a formidable swordsman, archer, and skilled military leader, capable of rallying Men, Elves and Dwarves to his side in the Battle of the Five Armies. He was the owner of the elven blade known as Orcrist, The Goblin Cleaver, a legendary sword from Gondolin that was said to have slain hundreds of goblins. When orcs or goblins were nearby, it glowed blue. He used this blade throughout the entire Quest of Erebor, but was taken from him during his capture in Mirkwood. It was then later laid on his tomb, after his death to warn Erebor of any oncoming dark forces that would dare try to take over the Mountain

==Etymology==
Thorin's name is one from the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. It means "Bold".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref>

The epithet "[[Oakenshield]]" also comes from the ''Dvergatal''. ''Eikinskjaldi'' means "Oakenshield", and it has long been considered the name of a Dwarf. However, because the name appears twice, both in Dúrinn's and Dválinn's line, it has also been suggested that it simply means "with an oaken shield".<ref>P.H. Salus, Taylor Beekman, "[http://pao.chadwyck.co.uk.proxy-ub.rug.nl/articles/displayItemPage.do?FormatType=fulltextimages&QueryType=articles&ResultsID=12E4F77F8FAA34BB2&ItemNumber=9&PageNumber=1 'Eikinskjaldi, Fjalarr', and 'Eggþer': Notes on Dwarves and Giants in the 'Völuspá'"], published in ''[[wikipedia:Neophilologus|Neophilologus]]'' Vol 53 (1969), Issue #1, pp. 76-81</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NAI | | | | | | | | |NAI=[[Náin II]] ''{{TA|2338|n}} - {{TA|2585|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | DAI | | | | | | | | | | | | BOR | | | | | | |DAI=[[Dáin I]] ''{{TA|2440|n}} - {{TA|2589|n}}''†| BOR=[[Borin]] ''{{TA|2450|n}} - {{TA|2711|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | THR | | FRO | | GRO | | | | | | | | FAR | | | | | | |THR=[[Thrór]] ''{{TA|2542|n}} - {{TA|2790|n}}''†|FRO=[[Frór]] ''{{TA|2552|n}} - {{TA|2589|n}}''†|GRO=[[Grór]] ''{{TA|2563|n}} - {{TA|2805|n}}''|FAR=[[Farin]] ''{{TA|2560|n}} - {{TA|2803|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | THR | | | | | | NAI | | | | FUN | | | | | | GRO | | |THR=[[Thráin|Thráin II]] ''{{TA|2644|n}} - {{TA|2850|n}}''†|NAI=[[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]] ''{{TA|2665|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}''†|FUN=[[Fundin]] ''{{TA|2662|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}''†|GRO=[[Gróin]] ''{{TA|2671|n}} - {{TA|2923|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | THO | | FRE | | DIS | | DAI | | BAL | | DWA | | OIN | | GLO |THO='''THORIN II''' ''{{TA|2746|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†|FRE=[[Frerin]] ''{{TA|2751|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}''†|DIS=[[Dís]] ''b. {{TA|2760|n}}''|BAL=[[Balin]] ''{{TA|2763|n}} - {{TA|2994|n}}''†|DWA=[[Dwalin]] ''{{TA|2772|n}} - {{FoA|91}}''|OIN=[[Óin]] ''{{TA|2774|n}} - {{TA|2994|n}}''|GLO=[[Glóin]] ''{{TA|2783|n}} - {{FoA|15}}''|DAI=[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II]] ''{{TA|2767|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | FIL | | KIL | | THO | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIM |FIL=[[Fíli]] ''{{TA|2859|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†|KIL=[[Kíli]] ''{{TA|2864|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†|THO=[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III]] ''b. {{TA|2866|n}}''|GIM=[[Gimli]] ''{{TA|2879|n}} - {{FoA|120}}''+}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Inspiration==
Like many [[Dwarvish]] names, both Þorinn and Eikinskjaldi appear in the [[Norse]] poem [[Völuspá]], but there they are the names of two individual dwarves.<ref>{{HH|A3}}</ref>

[[Tolkien fandom|Fans]] have speculated that Tolkien may possibly have been inspired by a [[Wikipedia:Kvæði|Faroese ballad]], "[[Wikipedia:Regin|Regin]] Smiður", in which [[Wikipedia:Sigurd|Sigurd]] uses an oak tree branch as a weapon:<ref>{{webcite|author=Various|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/showthread.php?33053-Influence-of-the-Sigurd-legend-on-parts-of-The-Hobbit|articlename=Influence of the Sigurd legend on parts of ''The Hobbit''?|dated=|website=Plaza|accessed=14 March 2013}}</ref>

{{blockquote|All from an ancient oaken-tree A mighty branch he tore, and lammed those lads so lustily That some rose up no more|E.M. Smith-Dampier (1934), ''Sigurd The Dragon-Slayer, A Faroese Ballad Cycle''}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In early manuscripts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', the name ''[[Gandalf]]'' was used by Tolkien for the character who later would be named "Thorin Oakenshield" in the published works.<ref>{{HH|Intro}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Thorin in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Hobbit (1967 film) - Thorin.png|Thorin in [[The Hobbit (1967 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1967 film)]].
File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Thorin.jpg|Thorin in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
File:The Hobbit (2003) Thorin.JPG|Thorin in [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|Sierra's The Hobbit]]
File:Thorin II-LOTRO1.png|Thorin in [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]
File:The Hobbit (film series) - Thorin and Orcrist.jpg|Thorin in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
</gallery>
===Films===
'''1967: [[The Hobbit (1967 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1967 film)]]:'''
:Thorin Oakenshield is the commander of the garrison of [[Dale]]. He is not a royal.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:Thorin's voice is provided by [[Hans Conried]].

'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''
:Thorin was portrayed by [[Richard Armitage]].<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> Unlike many other adaptations where Thorin is depicted as white-haired, Thorin is portrayed as younger looking (in the original book he was the oldest of the [[Dwarves]] in the [[Thorin and Company|Company]]; in the movies he appears to be roughly in the middle of the thirteen age-wise). Thorin, however, does have streaks of gray in his black hair.

:In the prologue which flashes back to the [[Sack of Erebor]], Thorin is shown to be a natural leader, and is distressed when [[Thranduil]] and his army do not come to the Dwarves' aid. Later, during a flashback to the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] (referred to as the '''Battle of [[Moria]]''' in these films), his natural leadership is again on display, when rallying the troops after maiming [[Azog]] the Defiler ([[Dáin Ironfoot]], who killed Azog during this battle in the book, is not present at all).

:Thorin shows up later than expected at [[Bag End]]. He is thoroughly sceptical of [[Gandalf]]'s choice of [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] as the fourteenth member of the Company, but the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] finally earns his approval after attempting to save him from Azog and his [[Orcs|Orc]] pack. After this ordeal, Gandalf revives him on the [[Carrock]].

:Prior to obtaining Orcrist, Thorin wields a Dwarven sword named Deathless.

'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''
:Thorin is captured by the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] along with all of the other Dwarves. He refuses to bargain with Thranduil on order to set them all free, still holding a grudge over the Elven-king not helping his people while [[Smaug]] destroyed their home.

:After the Dwarves are caught trying to steal weapons out of the armoury in [[Lake-town]], Thorin promises the people a share of the treasure if the Company is allowed to reclaim their kingdom. After Bilbo's audience with Smaug, he leads the Dwarves in a battle in an attempt to defeat the [[Dragons|Dragon]] by drowning him in molten gold. The plan fails, however, and Smaug instead heads off in a rage to Lake-town.

'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''
:While searching the treasure hoard inside the Mountain for the [[Arkenstone]], Thorin increasingly falls prey to Dragon sickness. He begins to be paranoid that the other Dwarves are scheming against him. He orders the other Dwarves to put up barricades to prevent anyone else from entering the Mountain, even as the [[Battle of Five Armies]] commences. He eventually overcomes his sickness and comes to his senses, leading the members of the Company into battle.

:On [[Ravenhill]], he attempts to take out the Orc army's leader, and old nemesis, Azog (with the help of [[Fíli]], [[Kíli]] and [[Dwalin]]). After his nephews are killed, Thorin takes on the Pale Orc one-on-one (and, in the process, gets [[Orcrist]] back from [[Legolas]]). He manages to get Azog to fall into a frozen lake, but the Orc stabs through the ice and mortally wounds him. With his last strength, Thorin plunges Orcrist into Azog's chest, finally killing him. Soon after, right before succumbing to his wounds, he makes amends with Bilbo, and dies right there on the lake.

===Radio series===
'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:Thorin's voice is provided by [[John Justin]].

'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:Thorin's voice is provided by Tom Luce.

'''1980: [[Der Hobbit (1980 German radio series)|''Der Hobbit'' (1980 German radio series)]]:'''
:Thorin is played by Heinz Schlacht.

'''1989: [[Hobit (1989 Slovak radio series)|''Hobit'' (1989 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:Thorin's voice is provided by Ľubomír Roman.

===Games===
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]]:'''
:Thorin is the only companion of the player, [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref>''[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg ZX Computing]'', 8304 (April/May 1983), p. 76 (accessed 24 March 2011)</ref>

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:Thorin's voice is provided by [[Clive Revill]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Thorin plays no role in the major storyline, but makes a brief appearance in a flashback taking place in {{TA|2941}}, just before the company sets off on their journey to the [[Lonely Mountain]]. He, along with his nephews [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], are entombed within Mazal Akrâz, the Chamber of Glory, deep within [[Erebor]].

'''2014: ''[[Lego The Hobbit: The Video Game]]'':'''
:Thorin appears as he is in the movies, but in the form of a [[LEGO]] minifigure. He is voiced by Richard Armitage through archive footage from the first two films.

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=dwarf
| name=Thorin II
| house=[[House of Durin]]
| born={{TA|2746}}
| died={{TA|2941}}
}}
{{seq
|prev=[[Thráin|Thráin II]]
|next=[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]
|nrow=2
|list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]
|dates=c. {{TA|2845}}<ref group=note name="succession"/> – {{TA|2941}}
}}
{{seq
|pvac=None
|prev=[[Thrór]], 170 years earlier
|list=4th [[King under the Mountain]]
|dates={{TA|2941}}
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{references|n}}

{{durinskings}}
{{Thorin and Company}}
{{companyroute}}
{{hobbitfilms}}
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Kings of Durin's Folk]]
[[Category:Kings under the Mountain]]
[[Category:Longbeards]]
[[Category:Norse names]]
[[Category:Smiths]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Thorin II.]]
[[fi:Thorin II Tammikilpi]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/3a/thorin ii]]

Eregion

2024-08-20T17:03:29Z

DanielM99: modified Sindarin pronunciation (io is not a diphthong)

{{kingdom
| image=Donato Giancola - The Fellowship in Hollin.jpg
| caption="The Fellowship in Hollin" by [[Donato Giancola]]
| name=Eregion
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ɛˈrɛɡion]}}
| othernames=Hollin
| location=The far southeast of [[Eriador]], directly to the west of [[Khazad-dûm]]
| capital=[[Ost-in-Edhil]]
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Elves of Eregion]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Lord of Eregion]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Foundation
| event1date={{SA|750}}
| event2=[[Three Rings]] made
| event2date={{SA|1590}}
| event3=[[Sack of Eregion|Destroyed]]
| event3date={{SA|1697}}
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=[[Rivendell]]
}}
{{Quote|We have reached the borders of the country that Men call Hollin; many Elves lived here in happier days, when Eregion was its name...|[[Gandalf]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Ring Goes South]]"}}
'''Eregion''' or '''Hollin''' was a realm of the [[Noldor]] in [[Eriador]] during the [[Second Age]], located near the [[Walls of Moria]], under the shadow of the [[Misty Mountains]]. It was the only lasting Noldorin realm outside [[Lindon]].<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

==History==
===Foundation===
After the end of the [[First Age]], most of the [[Noldor]] who remained in [[Middle-earth]] dwelt in [[Lindon]] under the rule of [[Gil-galad]], their [[High King of the Noldor|High King]].<ref name="rings" /> After some seven centuries, [[Celebrimbor]], the grandson of [[Fëanor]], chose to depart from Lindon and passed eastward, drawn by the promise of mithril in the mines of the Dwarves. Many Elves followed [[Celebrimbor]] and founded the realm of Eregion.<ref name="AppB1">{{App|B1}}</ref> Its capital, [[Ost-in-Edhil]], was founded in {{SA|750}}.<ref name="AppB1" /> It was at this time that [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]] travelled from [[Lake Nenuial]] and settled in Eregion for a while.<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

The Elves of Eregion lived in harmony and trading freely with the [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] civilization of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. A high road ran from Ost-in-Edhil to Khazad-dûm, and an unprecedented friendship between the two races began in that time.<ref name="rings" /> Within Eregion, an important society or guild of craftsmen emerged with Celebrimbor as its leader: these were the ''[[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]]'', "the People of the Jewel-smiths", and their work was said to be the greatest since the time of [[Fëanor]].<ref name="rings" />

===Creation of the Rings===
{{main|Rings of Power}}
In {{SA|1200}}, the Elves of Eregion became friends with [[Sauron]], under the guise of [[Annatar]], the "Lord of Gifts".<ref name="AppB1" /> After "[[Annatar]]" taught and assisted the [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]] with creating the [[Rings of Power]], he left Eregion. Celebrimbor's smiths proceeded then to forge [[Three Rings|Three]] more on their own with the knowledge already gained from him. Their forging was completed by around {{SA|1590}}.<ref name="AppB1" /> Annatar didn't learn about them, and they were "unsullied", free from Sauron's corrupting influence.

When Sauron created the [[One Ring]] in {{SA|1600}}, the Elves who wore the Rings of Power heard his voice and realised they had been deceived.<ref name="rings" /><ref name="AppB1" /> In {{SA|1693}}, Celebrimbor sent his three rings away for safekeeping: he gave [[Nenya]] to [[Galadriel]] in [[Lothlórien]], who advised him to send the other two to [[Lindon]], away from Sauron, so he gave [[Vilya]] to [[Gil-galad]] and [[Narya]] to [[Círdan]].<ref name="rings" /><ref name="AppB1" />

===War and destruction===
[[File:Mark Poole - Eregion.jpg|thumb|''Eregion'' by [[:Category:Images by Mark Poole|Mark Poole]]]]
{{main|War of the Elves and Sauron}}
The Elves of Eregion did not stand alone against Sauron. From [[Lindon]], [[Gil-galad]] sent a force commanded by [[Elrond]] to lend them aid. Before Elrond could come to Eregion, the Dark Lord demanded that the Rings of Power be turned over to him, and when he was refused he brought his full force against Eregion.<ref name="Galadriel" /> In {{SA|1697}}, [[Ost-in-Edhil]] fell, with [[Celebrimbor]] himself leading a last desperate defence on the steps of the Jewel-smiths' [[House of the Mírdain|guild house]].<ref name="Galadriel" /> He was taken captive by the [[Orcs]], then shot through with Orc-arrows, and by some accounts, Sauron used Celebrimbor's body as a banner as he turned to face Elrond's army approaching from the north.<ref name="Galadriel" />

Sauron gathered up the Rings of Power that remained, and laid waste the land of Eregion, bringing an end to its people. The surviving Elves of Eregion seem to have scattered, as there are various accounts of their fates. Some fled northward to join Elrond's host, and that host was itself forced into retreat; some of these Elves of Eregion settled at [[Rivendell]] when Elrond founded it shortly afterwards.<ref name="Galadriel" /> They were joined there by others of their kind who had escaped into the [[Rhovanion|Wild]], and only later found their way to safety. Many of these people seem to have later abandoned [[Middle-earth]] and sailed into the [[West]].<ref name="Galadriel" />

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Eregion.mp3|Ardamir}}
{{Pronounce|Hollin.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Eregion'' is a [[Sindarin]] name. It means "Holly-region"<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 266</ref> or "Land of Holly".<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Eregion''</ref> It was called "Hollin-land" or short "Hollin" in [[Westron]]<ref name="RC">{{HM|N}}, p. 772</ref> by Men.<ref>{{S|Rings}}, sixth paragraph</ref> ''Hollin'' is an old form, still used locally, of "[[holly]]". The region abounded in holly-trees.<ref name="RC" /> Paul Strack suggests that the name is a combination of ''[[ereg]]'' ("holly") and the suffix ''-ion'' ("-region").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=http://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3696772425.html|articlename=S. ''Eregion'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=06 February 2022}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' it is stated that "''[[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]] therefore went eastwards, about the year 700 of the Second Age, and established the (primarily but by no means solely) [[Noldor]]in realm of Eregion.''"<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> This contradicts the information published in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' which gives the founding of Eregion in the year 750.<ref>{{App|B1}}, entry "750"</ref> It is possible to reconcile the texts if 700 is seen as the year of their moving eastwards with 750 as the year of the foundation of Eregion; the canonicity of this, however, is unknown.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Eregion map.jpg|thumb|Map of Eregion from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''.]]
'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Eregion region encompasses most of the realm, including the [[Walls of Moria]], "Nan Sirannon", the western entrance to the [[Caradhras#Redhorn Gate|Redhorn Gate]], and "Mirobel" and "Tham Mírdain" on the eastern side of [[Ost-in-Edhil|the capital]]. For gameplay purposes, Western Eregion is part of the [[Swanfleet]] region. This includes the main part of the capital, "Caras Gelebren", and the border with [[Angle (Eriador)|the Angle]].
{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Elven realms]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Noldorin locations]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Eregion]]
[[fi:Paatsamala]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/houssaye]]

Rivendell

2024-08-20T17:00:57Z

DanielM99: added Sindarin pronunciation

{{disambig-more|Rivendell|[[Rivendell (disambiguation)]]}}
{{kingdom
| name=Rivendell
| image=J.R.R. Tolkien - Rivendell.jpg
| caption="Rivendell" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[im'ladris]}}
| othernames=''Imladris'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Imbeláris'' ([[Quenya|Q]]) ''Karningul'' ([[Westron|W]]) The First Homely House, The House of Elrond, The Last Homely House
| location=A hidden valley beneath the western [[Misty Mountains]] in [[Eriador]]
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=
| population=Primarily [[Elves]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| govern1=[[Lord of Rivendell]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=[[Eregion]]
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{SA|1697}}
| event2=[[First Siege of Imladris|First Siege]]
| event2date={{SA|1697}} - {{SA|1700|n}}
| event3=[[Second Siege of Imladris|Second Siege]]
| event3date=c. TA 1400
| event4=[[Council of Elrond|Council of Elrond]]
| event4date=[[25 October]], {{TA|3018}}
| event5=Abandoned
| event5date=By {{FoA|120}}<ref name="Tale">{{App|Tale}}</ref>
| followedby=
}}

{{quote|And the house of Elrond was a refuge for the weary and the oppressed, and a treasury of good counsel and wise lore.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]"}}

'''Rivendell''', or '''Imladris''', was an [[Elves|Elven]] outpost in the [[Misty Mountains]] on the [[Eastern Eriador|eastern edge of Eriador]]. Due to its location, it was called the ''' Last Homely House''' from the point of view of a traveller going to the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Wilderland]]; and also the '''First Homely House''' from the point of view of someone coming from these lands to the civilised lands of Eriador to the west.

It was established by [[Elrond]] in {{SA|1697}} as a refuge from [[Sauron]] after the [[Sack of Eregion|Fall of Eregion]].<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> It remained Elrond's seat throughout the remainder of the Second Age and until the end of the Third Age, when he took the [[White Ship]] for [[Valinor]]. Rivendell had a strong alliance with the [[Kings of Arnor]] and after the fall of [[Arthedain]], it became a refuge for the [[Rangers of the North]] and the [[Heir of Isildur]].

==Geography==
[[File:Soni Alcorn-Hender - Valley of Rivendell.jpg|thumb|250px|right|''Valley of Rivendell'' by [[Soni Alcorn-Hender]]]]
Rivendell was located at the edge of a narrow gorge of the [[Bruinen|Bruinen River]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> but well hidden in the moorlands and foothills of the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name="Rest">{{H|Rest}}</ref>

Pine-trees grew on the top of the valley, and there was a "steep zig-zag path" to the valley bottom. The vegetation in the valley bottom was mostly oak and beech.<ref name="Rest" />

==History==
===Second Age===
====Foundation====
During the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], and as [[Sauron]] was moving against Eriador, Elrond led an army of [[Elves of Lindon]] to the region. They arrived late but were joined by a detachment out of [[Eregion]] led by [[Celeborn]]. Despite this, Sauron's armies overwhelmed the Elves, and Elrond was unable to reach Eregion. Forced northward toward the headwaters of [[Bruinen]], Elrond established a stronghold.<ref name="SA" />

This became a refuge for those seeking shelter from Sauron's onslaught in Eriador, and Elrond's and Celeborn's Elves were soon joined by many fleeing the [[Sack of Eregion]]. More came as Sauron ravaged Eriador on his march toward [[Lindon]]. By {{SA|1700}}, Sauron had overrun all of Eriador and Imladris was [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged]]. The siege ended when Gil-galad's forces, strengthened by the armament sent by [[Tar-Minastir]], routed Sauron's armies and drove him out of Eriador.

A Council held at that time made Elrond Gil-galad's vice-regent in Eriador, and Imladris his seat. Gil-galad bestowed [[Vilya]] upon Elrond in secret. Aided by the power of the [[Three Rings|Elven ring]], Elrond made Imladris one of the chief seats of Elvish strength in the west in the latter part of the Second Age. Imladris remained an Elvish stronghold in Eriador to the end of the Second Age and into the Third.<ref>{{UT|6}}</ref>

====Last Alliance====
At the end of the Second Age, [[Elendil]] and Gil-galad formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] to challenge Sauron, and their host halted for a while at Imladris in {{SA|3431}} and they stayed there for 3 years, gathered their forces before crossing the Misty Mountains.<ref name="SA" /><ref name="SV" />

[[Isildur]]'s wife and his youngest son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], were in Imladris at that time, and Isildur was journeying back to them after Sauron's defeat when he was ambushed at the [[Gladden Fields]].<ref>{{UT|7}}</ref> After receiving the shards of [[Narsil]], Valandil took up his role as King of [[Arnor]] and left Imladris for [[Annúminas]].<ref name="SV">{{S|V}}</ref>

===Third Age===
After the fall of Gil-galad, Elrond remained in Imladris. During the Third Age, it was a refuge and sanctuary; many Elves gathered there, and it was the chief dwelling of the [[High Elves]] in Eriador, except the [[Elves of Lindon]], but also wise and powerful people of all the races. The [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were also harboured there due to their kinship with Elrond, as descendants of his brother [[Elros]].<ref name="SV" />

Danger came to Eriador around {{TA|1300}} when [[Angmar]] was established in the north-east beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. It was late in the reign of [[Arveleg I]] that [[Second Siege of Imladris|Rivendell was besieged by Angmar]]. After an incursion by Angmar into Eriador in {{TA|1409}}, the Elves of Rivendell joined [[Elves of Lindon|those of Lindon]] and the [[Galadhrim]], whom Elrond brought over the Mountains, in subduing the power of the [[Witch-king]] for many years.<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

After the end of the North-kingdom in {{TA|1975}} [[Aranarth]], the first [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]], had [[Arahael|his son]] fostered in Rivendell, as were all subsequent sons of the chieftains. The heirlooms and treasures of the house of Isildur, including the shards of [[Narsil]], were also kept there after [[Arvedui]]'s death.<ref name="SV" /> Among these were also some of the few remaining documents containing the history of Númenor.<ref>{{UT|3}}</ref>

There was traffic across the Misty Mountains in the Third Age between Imladris and [[Lothlórien]], for Elrond's wife was [[Celebrían]], daughter of Galadriel and Celeborn.
[[File:Abe Papakhian - Renewed Shall Be Sword that was Broken.jpg|thumb|''Renewed Shall Be Sword that was Broken'' by [[:Category:Images by Abe Papakhian|Abe Papakhian]]]]
In the [[Quest of Erebor]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] stopped off at Rivendell with the Dwarves on the way to the [[Lonely Mountain]]<ref name="Rest" /> and also on the way back to [[the Shire]] with [[Gandalf]].<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Bilbo retired there after his 111th birthday, writing his memoir ''[[There and Back Again]]''.<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|II1}}</ref>

Years later, [[Frodo Baggins]] and his [[Travellers|companions]] journeyed to Rivendell, where they met Bilbo. Several other Elves, [[Dwarves]] and [[Men]] had also arrived at Rivendell on separate errands;<ref name="Meetings" /> at the [[Council of Elrond]] they learned that all of their errands were related to the fate of [[the One Ring]], and they had to decide what to do about it. In the end, the Hobbits influenced the decision.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

Following the destruction of [[the One Ring]] at the end of the Third Age, Elrond's ring lost its power, and Elrond, with many of his household, left Rivendell to sail for [[Valinor]] from the [[Grey Havens]]; this marked the start of the [[Fourth Age]].

===Later history===
Although Elrond departed from Rivendell, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] remained for a while with some of the remaining [[Noldor]].<ref name="Prologue">{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> It is believed that [[Celeborn]] also relocated to Rivendell after the departure of [[Galadriel]] and having also grown weary of [[East Lórien]].<ref name="Prologue" /><ref>{{App|Great}}</ref>

It is not known when Rivendell was finally abandoned, but shortly before [[Aragorn]] died in {{FoA|120}}, he said to [[Arwen]] that "none now walk" in the garden of Elrond, indicating that the last of the [[Noldor]] had departed to [[Valinor]].<ref name="Tale" />

==Etymology==
''Rivendell'' ("[[Wiktionary:cloven|cloven]]-[[Wiktionary:dell|dell]]") is the [[Westron|Common Speech]] translation of the Sindarin name '''''Imladris''''' ("deep dale of the cleft").<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 774</ref> An alternative (or complementary) etymology, gives ''Rivendell'' as the Anglicised version of the [[Westron]] name '''''Karningul''''' (itself a translation of ''Imladris'').<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref>

The name ''Imladris'' is also glossed as "Canyon of the Cleft"<ref>{{VT|47a}}, p. 14, note 18</ref> and "flat-floored valley of the Cleft".<ref name="letter">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Anthony D. Howlett]]" ([[Letters not published in "The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien"|unpublished letter]])</ref>

==Other names==
The [[Quenya]] name '''''Arcimbelë''''' is used only once in a manuscript, and its meaning is unclear except for the element ''[[imbë]]'' ("deep vale").<ref name="Verb">{{PE|22c}}</ref>{{rp|125}} A more literal translation is given: ''Latimberista'', from ''latimbë'' ("glen") + ''rista'' ("cut"). However, on the same page, Tolkien stated that this name was not used in practice, and was replaced the Quenyarized form of ''Imladris'': '''''Imbeláris'''''.<ref name="Verb" />{{rp|127}}

One of the names of the House of Elrond in Imladris was '''Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva''' ("House of Past (or Departed) Mirth").<ref>{{PE|21}}</ref>{{rp|80}} This name was retained from the earlier [[Cottage of the Lost Play]] found in the [[Book of Lost Tales]].

==Inspiration==
A possible inspiration (so suggested by [[David Salo]]<ref>Aaron Fuegi, "[http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/Rivimages/realriv.html Rivendell in Switzerland]" at [http://scv.bu.edu/~aarondf/home.html the Last Homely House] (accessed 15 November 2011)</ref>) could have been [[wikipedia:Lauterbrunnen|Lauterbrunnen, Switzerland]], which Tolkien visited in [[1911]]:

{{blockquote|I am... delighted that you have made the acquaintance of Switzerland, and of the very part that I once knew best and which had the deepest effect on me. The hobbit’s journey from Rivendell to the other side of the Misty Mountains, including the glissade down the slithering stones into the pine woods, is based on my adventures in 1911 (he was 19 and travelled to Lauterbrunnen)... Our wanderings mainly on foot in a party of 12 are not now clear in sequence, but leave many vivid pictures as clear as yesterday." (He talks of similar conditions of the travel of Bilbo camping out, walking mountain paths, carrying packs).|[[Letter 306]]}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Rivendell in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:BFME2 - Elrond Rivendell.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
File:Aragorn's Quest - Rivendell1.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|Rivendell in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Gandalf and Galadriel.jpg|Rivendell in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
</gallery>
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Rivendell appears in every instalment, although its role in the second and third film is rather minor.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Rivendell is the fifth level and the first where no fighting is required. After Frodo is taken to Rivendell by [[Glorfindel]], he is first woken by [[Gandalf]]; after that, the [[Council of Elrond]] starts. After the council, there is an opportunity to speak to the NPCs - [[Aragorn]], [[Arwen]], [[Boromir]], [[Elrond]], [[Gandalf]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. The gameplay continues by entering a door. A short cutscene follows in which Bilbo gives [[Sting]] and the ''[[mithril]]'' shirt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]], "Rivendell"</ref>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Rivendell is one of the battlegrounds in the game and a site of a skirmish between Elves and Goblins.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game, located between Trollshaws and the Misty Mountains. Rivendell is also one of the places that players can choose as Elven character's homeland. The Last Homely House refers to a large dwelling of Elrond, not to the entire refuge of Rivendell. It is located on the eastern side of Rivendell. One can find Elrond's library, the [[Hall of Fire]], the scholar's guild and various guest rooms.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Rivendell is one of the major cities in the game and the only place characters are obliged to visit more than once (other cities can be re-visited, but this is optional).

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Rivendell appears in the [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|first film]] after [[Gandalf]] leads [[Thorin and Company]] away from [[Yazneg]] and the [[Wargs]]. Much of Rivendell is familiar from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]] but new areas have been included, such as the meeting place of the [[White Council]] and a crystal table used for investigating the [[Moon-letters]] in [[Thrór's Map]].

{{references}}

{{companyroute}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Elven realms]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[de:Bruchtal]]
[[fi:Rivendell]]

Peredhil

2024-08-20T16:59:21Z

DanielM99: added Sindarin pronunciation

'''''Peredhil''''' (IPA: ['pɛrɛðilʲ])(sing. '''''Peredhel''''' (IPA: ['pɛrɛðɛlʲ])) was a name for the "[[Half-elven]]" in [[Sindarin]].<ref>{{S|Index}}: "''Half-elven'' Translation of Sindarin ''Peredhel'', plural ''Peredhil''"</ref><ref name="App">{{S|Appendix}}: "''edhel'' 'elf' (Sindarin) in [...] ''Peredhil'' 'Half-elven'"</ref><ref>{{App|A1i}}, p. 1034 ([[The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)|50th Anniv. Ed.]])</ref> [[Elrond|Elrond Half-elven]] and [[Elros|Elros Tar-Minyatur]] were named Peredhil.

==Etymology==
The word consists of the elements ''[[per-]]'', "half"<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 380, entry ''PER-''</ref> and ''[[edhel]]'' "[[Elves|elf]]".<ref name="App" />
{{references}}
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]

Nimloth (elf of Doriath)

2024-08-20T16:50:16Z

DanielM99: added Sindarin pronunciation

{{disambig-two|the wife of [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]]|White Tree of [[Númenor]]|[[Nimloth of Númenor]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Sindar|Sinda]]
| name=Nimloth
| image=Rebecca M. Beit-Aharon - Dior and Nimloth.jpg
| caption="Dior and Nimloth" by [[:Category:Rebecca M. Beit-Aharon|Rebecca M. Beit-Aharon]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|['nimloθ]}}
| othernames=
| titles=Queen of Doriath
| rule=
| position=
| location=[[Ossiriand]] [[Doriath]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth=
| death={{FA|506}}<ref name=Nim/><ref group="note">In the final version of the [[The Tale of Years (The War of the Jewels)|''The Tale of Years'']] from ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'', [[Dior|Dior's]] wife is named '''Lindis''', survives during the [[Second Kinslaying]] and escapes to [[Ossiriand]] alongside her daughter [[Elwing]] and with the [[Nauglamír]], but later she turns her way towards the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]], hearing of the gathering of [[Exiles of Gondolin|exiles]] from [[Gondolin]] in that place.</ref>
| deathlocation=[[Menegroth]] (at the [[Second Kinslaying]])
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Galathil]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Dior]]
| children=[[Eluréd]] & [[Elurín]] [[Elwing]]
| gender=Female
}}
'''Nimloth''' was an elf-maid of [[Doriath]], the daughter of [[Galathil]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, last paragraph before the section Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn, p. 233</ref><ref name="D">{{WJ|Years}}, stage 'D', p. 257</ref>

==History==
In {{FA|497}},<ref name="D" /> she wedded [[Dior]], King [[Thingol]]'s heir, and for a time lived with him by the [[Lanthir Lamath]], a waterfall at the base of the [[Blue Mountains]]. There she gave birth to [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]], her sons, and [[Elwing]] her only daughter.

After the murder of King Thingol, she returned to Doriath with her husband and became the queen of Doriath. Their reign was short-lived, however, as in [[Yule]] of {{FA|506}}<ref name="Nim">{{WJ|Years}}, stage 'D', manuscript 'D 2', p. 351</ref> the [[Sons of Fëanor]] [[Second Kinslaying|assaulted]] [[Menegroth]] and slew both her and Dior. Her sons, Eluréd and Elurín, were left in the forest to die by the servants of [[Celegorm]]. Elwing, however, escaped to the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

==Etymology and names==
:''See: [[Nimloth (tree)#Etymology]]''
The name ''Nimloth'' is in [[Sindarin]]. It is also the same name as the name of the [[Nimloth (tree)|White Tree of Númenor]],<ref>{{UT|6e}}, fourth paragraph, p. 266</ref> which means "White Blossom".<ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Nimloth (1)''</ref>

The earlier name '''''Lindis''''' is also in Sindarin. According to ''[[Eldamo]]'' it is composed of ''[[lind]]'' ("song") + ''[[dîs]]'' ("bride").<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=http://eldamo.org/content/words/word-1378187557.html|articlename=S. ''Lindis'' f.|website=Eldamo|accessed=23 March 2022}}</ref>

The name '''''Elulin''''', according to ''Eldamo'', consists of the elements ''[[Elu]]'' (the Sindarin form of ''Elwë'') and ''lind'' ("song").<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=http://eldamo.org/content/words/word-383406357.html|articlename=S. ''Elulin'' f.|website=Eldamo|accessed=23 March 2022}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | MEL |y| ELU | | ELM | | |MEL=[[Melian]]|ELU=[[Thingol]] ''d. {{FA|503}}''|ELM=[[Elmo]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |!| | | | | GAL | | |GAL=[[Galadhon]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | BER |y| LTH | | GLT | | CEL |CEL=[[Celeborn]] ''b. {{YT}}''|BER=[[Beren]] ''{{FA|432}} - {{FA|503|n}}''|LTH=[[Lúthien]] ''{{YT|1200}} - {{FA|503}}''|GLT=[[Galathil]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | DIO |~|y|~| NIM | | | | |DIO=[[Dior]] ''{{FA|470}} - {{FA|506|n}}''|NIM='''NIMLOTH''' ''d. {{FA|506}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree | EAR |y| ELW | | RED | | RIN | |EAR=[[Eärendil]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''|ELW=[[Elwing]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''|RED=[[Eluréd]] ''{{FA|500}} - c. {{FA|507|n}}''|RIN=[[Elurín]] ''{{FA|500}} - c. {{FA|507|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | RON | | ROS | | | | | | | | | |RON=[[Elrond]] ''b. {{FA|532}}''|ROS=[[Elros]] ''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The first time Dior's wife was mentioned in the [[legendarium]], she was named '''''Lindis'''''.<ref name="D" /> An alternative name, '''''Elulin''''', was given to her at roughly the same time.<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 350</ref>

On the other side of a table with the descendants of Elwë (Thingol), Nimloth is the daughter of Galadhon and the 'sister of Celeborn'. It looks as if the second thought of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] was that Nimloth was the daughter of Galathil and the niece of Celeborn.<ref name="D" /> [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] later writings offer an alternate ancestry for Celeborn.<ref>see ''[[Celeborn#Controversy|Celeborn]]''</ref>

{{references|notes}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Moriquendi]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Nimloth (Elbe)]]
[[fi:Nimloth (haltia)]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/nimloth]]

Elwing

2024-08-20T16:48:27Z

DanielM99: added Sindarin pronunciation

{{sources}}
{{infobox character
| name=Elwing
| people=[[Half-elven|Half-elf]]
| image=Kimberly - Elwing.jpg
| caption="Elwing" by [[:Category:Images by Kimberly|Kimberly]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ɛlʲwiŋ]}}
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Havens of Sirion]], [[Eldamar]], [[Elwing's tower]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{FA|503}}
| birthlocation=near [[Lanthir Lamath]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=Descended from the [[House of Elwë]] and [[House of Bëor]]
| heritage=[[Half-elven]] father, [[Elves|Elf]] mother
| parentage=[[Dior]] & [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]
| siblings=[[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]]
| spouse=[[Eärendil]]
| children=[[Elrond]] and [[Elros]] (twins)
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Elwing the White''' was the third child and only daughter of [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]] and [[Nimloth of Doriath]], and later on the wife of the well-known [[Eärendil]] ''the Mariner''. Elwing had twin-brothers who were elder to her and they were [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]]. It is said that she could speak with birds.

==History==
She was named Elwing, "which is Star-spray, for she was born on a night of stars, whose light glittered in the spray of the waterfall of [[Lanthir Lamath]] beside her father's house."<ref name="Doriath">{{S|22}}</ref>

When Elwing was very young, her father Dior inherited the throne of [[Doriath]], along with the [[Silmaril]] reclaimed by her renowned grandfather [[Beren]], a [[Men|Man]] of the [[Edain]]. Then she and her twin-brothers, Eluréd and Elurín, moved with their parents, Dior and Nimloth, to the caves of [[Menegroth]] in Doriath. In {{FA|506}}, the [[sons of Fëanor]], driven by their terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|Oath]], [[Second Kinslaying|attacked Menegroth]] and slew her parents (the King and Queen of Doriath) and took her elder brothers in captivity to starve in the wild. She escaped the [[Second Kinslaying]] with the Silmaril and fled to the [[Havens of Sirion]].<ref name="Doriath"></ref> There she met and married [[Eärendil]] and gave birth to twins [[Elrond]] and [[Elros]].
[[File:Elena Kukanova - The Seagull.jpg|thumb|left|''The Seagull'' by [[Elena Kukanova]]]]
In {{FA|538}} the remaining sons of Fëanor attacked the Havens of Sirion to reclaim the Silmaril in her possession. They captured Elwing's sons but as they came for her she cast herself into the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]. Through the power of the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Ulmo]], she took the form of a white bird and came to her husband in his ship [[Vingilótë]] with the Silmaril upon her breast.<ref name="Earendil">{{S|24}}</ref>

Elwing sailed with her husband on his great voyage to the [[Aman|West]] and, unlike the crew of his ship, refused to be separated from him when he sought the [[Valar]] in [[Valinor]]. While he spoke to them, she went to [[Alqualondë]] and told the [[Falmari]] (who, as [[Teleri]], were of Thingol's kin) there about the tumultuous history of [[Beleriand]], and later persuaded them to sail their ships for the [[Host of Valinor]]. When the Valar allowed Eärendil and Elwing, both being Half-elven, to choose which of the races they would be members of, Eärendil let her make the choice for them. Because of what had happened to her grandmother [[Lúthien]], Elwing decided to be counted among the Elves, as did her husband for her sake.
[[File:Roger Garland - Earendil and Elwing.jpeg|thumb|''Earendil and Elwing'' by [[Roger Garland]]]]
Elwing was given a white [[Elwing's tower|tower]] northward upon the borders of the [[Sundering Seas]], and there she helped seabirds that came to her windows. Eventually she learned their language, and was able to fly with white wings, and she still flies to meet Eärendil whenever he returns from his voyages through the sky. "Then the far-sighted among the Elves that dwelt in the Lonely Isle would see her like a white bird, shining, rose-stained in the sunset, as she soared in joy to greet the coming of Vingilot to haven."<ref name="Earendil">{{S|24}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Elwing.mp3|Ardamir}}
The name ''Elwing'' means "Star-spray" in [[Sindarin]], composed of ''[[êl]]'' ("star") + ''[[wing]]'' ("foam, spray").<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Elwing''</ref><ref>{{PM|XI4}}, pp. 349</ref><ref>{{PM|Ros}}, pp. 369-70</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | ELU |y| MEL | | BEO | | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|BEO=[[Bëor]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | |:| | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT=[[Lúthien]]|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO=[[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELN |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW='''ELWING'''|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELN=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ELR | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gnomish names]]
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[Category:Noldorin names]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

[[de:Elwing]]
[[fi:Elwing]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/semi-elfes/elwing]]

Elros

2024-08-20T16:42:27Z

DanielM99: Modified the pronunciation to indicate that the "l" is palatalized (lʲ)

{{infobox character
| name=Elros
| people=[[Half-elven|Half-elf]]
| image=Jenny Dolfen - Until the world is broken and remade.jpg
| caption="Until the world is broken and remade" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=([[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈɛlʲrɔs]}})
| othernames=''Tar-Minyatur'' ([[Quenya|Q]]) ''Elerossë'' ([[Quenya|Q]]) ''Gimilzôr'' ([[Adûnaic|A]])
| titles=[[King of Númenor]]
| position=
| location=[[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]] [[Númenor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Adûnaic]] [[Sindarin]] [[Quenya]]
| birth={{FA|532}}<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, version C of the manuscript, year changed to [>532], p. 348</ref>
| birthlocation=[[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]], [[Beleriand]]
| rule={{SA|32}} - {{SA|442|n}} (410 years)
| death={{SA|442}}<ref name="Kings">{{UT|Kings}}, first page of the chapter</ref>
| deathlocation=[[Númenor]]
| age=500
| notablefor=Founding the line of the [[Rulers of Númenor|Kings and Queens of Númenor]]
| house=[[House of Hador]]<ref group=note>Though Elros was regarded as belonging to the House of Hador, he was a descendant of [[House of Bëor|all]] [[House of Haleth|three]] [[House of Hador|Houses]] of the [[Edain]] as well as the [[Elves|Elven]] Houses of [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] and [[House of Elwë|Elwë]] (Thingol).</ref><ref>{{NM|P3xi}}, ''Author's notes'', Note 1, p. 323</ref> Founder of the [[House of Elros]]
| heritage=[[Half-elven]] father, [[Half-elven]] mother
| parentage=[[Eärendil]] & [[Elwing]] [[Maglor]] (foster father)
| siblings=[[Elrond]] (twin brother)
| spouse=
| children=[[Vardamir]], [[Tindómiel]], [[Manwendil]], and [[Atanalcar]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Aranrúth]]
| steed=
}}
'''Elros''' was the son of [[Eärendil]], the great hero of the [[First Age]], and his wife [[Elwing]]. He was the twin brother of [[Elrond]] and both were [[Half-elven]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

Choosing to live as a mortal [[Men|Man]], he became a lord of the [[Edain]] and the first [[King of Númenor]], taking the royal name '''Tar-Minyatur'''.

==History==
Elros and Elrond were born in the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]] during the darkest days of the First Age, when the forces of [[Morgoth]] controlled most of [[Beleriand]]. When the twins were just six years old, the [[Sons of Fëanor]], bound by their [[Oath of Fëanor|Oath]], assaulted the Havens in the [[Third Kinslaying]] since they desired the [[Silmaril]] on the [[Nauglamír]] held by Elwing. Eärendil was at sea, and Elwing escaped with the Nauglamír and jumped into the sea.<ref name="Earendil" /> [[Maedhros]] and [[Maglor]], the only Sons of Fëanor to survive the assault upon the Havens, took Elros and Elrond as captives<ref name="Earendil" /> and abandoned them in a cave with a fall of water over the entrance instead of killing them.<ref name="L211">{{L|211}}, answer to Question 4</ref> But Maglor took pity upon Elrond and Elros and rescued them and a mutual love grew between Maglor and the young twins afterwards.<ref name="Earendil" /> Elros was given the name "Elf of the spray" or "star-foam" (see [[#Etymology|Etymology]]), because Elros was found playing in the water of the waterfall.<ref name="L211" />
[[File:Catherine Karina Chmiel - And Maglor took pity upon them.jpg|thumb|left|''And Maglor took pity upon them'' by [[Catherine Karina Chmiel]]]]

After the [[War of Wrath]] and the destruction of Beleriand, the Valar gave the twin ''[[Peredhil]]'' the choice over their race and fate. Elros chose the [[Gift of Men]],<ref name="Earendil" /> but still, he was blessed with a life longer than any other mortal Man's.

In the first years of the [[Second Age]], the Valar had prepared for the Edain, as a reward for their struggle against Morgoth, a large island in the western part of the [[Great Sea]]. Now by right a lord of the [[Edain]]<ref group="note">His father, Eärendil, was a descendant of the Lords of all Three Houses</ref>, Elros led his people across the sea, guided by the [[Star of Eärendil]] his father, to the island. For this the island was called [[Elenna]] meaning "starwards", and was the closest of mortal lands to the [[Blessed Realm]], though Men were [[Ban of the Valar|forbidden to go]] so far westward that the coasts of Elenna were no longer visible. The Valar also gave the Edain substantially longer lifespans than those of Men remaining in Middle-earth, and Elros and his descendants had the longest lives of all the people.<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

Elros founded the realm of [[Númenor]] and became its first [[King of Númenor|King]] in the year 32 of the Second Age. He took a royal name in [[Quenya]], ''Tar-Minyatur'', thus setting a tradition for the kings of Númenor to take a royal name in Quenya.<ref name="Kings" /> He brought with him the [[Ring of Barahir]], the [[Dramborleg|Axe of Tuor]], the [[Bow of Bregor|Bow]] of [[Bregor]] and [[Thingol]]'s sword [[Aranrúth]] as family heirlooms.<ref>{{UT|3a}}, Note 2</ref>

The city of [[Armenelos]] including the tower and the citadel were constructed during the reign of Elros.<ref name="Akallabeth" />

Elros had four children: three sons, [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]], [[Manwendil]], and [[Atanalcar]]; and one daughter, [[Tindómiel]].<ref>{{UT|earlier}}</ref><ref group="note">Elros' children [[Tindómiel]], [[Manwendil]] and [[Atanalcar]] are referred to by name only in the family tree "The Earlier Generations of the Line of Elros", which is included in only some editions of ''Unfinished Tales''.</ref> After living five centuries, and ruling Númenor for 410 years, Elros died and his son Vardamir Nólimon took up the [[Sceptre]] of Númenor as [[Vardamir|Tar-Vardamir]]. But because Elros had lived so long, Tar-Vardamir was already old, and was thus only a titular King: he immediately surrendered the Sceptre to his son, [[Tar-Amandil]].<ref name="Kings" />

==Etymology==
In a letter from 1958 [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] explained that ''Elros'' is a [[Sindarin]] name that he was given, because he was found playing in the water of a waterfall that fell over the entrance to a cave and that the name is a compound of ''eld>ell'', the Sindarin term for the High-Elven exiles, and ''ros'' based on primitive Elvish ''rossē'' meaning "dew, spray (of fall or fountain)".<ref name="L211" /> In an essay that was probably written between 1959 and 1960 J.R.R. Tolkien translated the name as "Star-glitter".<ref>{{WJ|Author}}, Note 26, second paragraph about Hadhodrond</ref> In an excursus on the names of Finwë's descendants that was written in 1968 or later J.R.R. Tolkien translated the name as "star-foam".<ref name="Shibboleth">{{PM|Finwe}}, paragraph about the names of Elrond and Elros, p. 349</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Elros''</ref> The Sindarin elements are ''[[el]]'' ("star") and ''[[ros]]'' ("foam").<ref name="Elements">{{S|Elements}}, entries ''êl'' and ''ros''</ref> In an essay on "The Problem of Ros" that was written in 1969 or later J.R.R. Tolkien considered the possibility that ros was a Bëorian word for "foam" and for the "white crest of waves", but he rejected this idea, because of the Sindarin name Cair Andros.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}, p. 369</ref>

==Other names==
The [[Quenya]] form of ''Elros'' was '''''Elerossë'''''.<ref name="Shibboleth" />

After Elros ascended the throne of Númenor he was known by the [[Quenya]] title, '''''Tar-Minyatur''''' in the Scroll of Kings.<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, first paragraph</ref> Tar-Minyatur means "High first-ruler" in [[Quenya]]<ref>{{PM|Finwe}}, paragraph about Itarilde (Idril), p. 348</ref>, consisting of ''[[tar]]'' ("high") + ''[[minya]]'' ("first") + ''[[tur]]'' ("master, lord").<ref>{{S|Elements}}, entries ''[[minas]]'', ''[[tar|tar-]]'', ''[[tur]]''</ref> All the Kings and [[Ruling Queen of Númenor|Queens]] after Elros also used the prefix ''Tar-'' in their royal titles in the Scroll of Kings.<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, first paragraph and I to XXV</ref>

In early versions of the [[legendarium]], Elros' [[Adûnaic]] name was ''Indilzar'',<ref>{{PM|Akallabeth}}, p. 164</ref> which was changed to '''''Gimilzôr'''''. However, in later versions of the Númenórean tale ''[[Ar-Gimilzôr|(Ar-)Gimilzôr]]'' was the name of the twenty-third King of Númenor.<ref>{{SD|Drowning}}, pp. 380-1 (§20)</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | TUO |y| IDR | | DIO |y| NIM |TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. {{FA|472}}''|IDR=[[Idril]] ''born during {{YT}}''|DIO=[[Dior]] ''{{FA|470}} - {{FA|506|n}}''|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | EAR |~|~|y|~|~| ELW | | |EAR=[[Eärendil]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''|ELW=[[Elwing]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | ELR | | ELD | | | | |ELR='''ELROS TAR-MINYATUR''' ''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''|ELD=[[Elrond]] ''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | VAR | | TIN | | MAN | | ATA |VAR=[[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] ''{{SA|61}} - {{SA|471|n}}''|TIN=[[Tindómiel]] ''after {{SA|61|n}}''|MAN=[[Manwendil]] ''after {{SA|61|n}}''|ATA=[[Atanalcar]] ''after {{SA|61|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | AMA | | VAR | | AUL | | NOL |AMA=[[Tar-Amandil]] ''{{SA|192|n}} - {{SA|603|n}}''|VAR=[[Vardilmë]] ''b. {{SA|203|n}}''|AUL=[[Aulendil (son of Vardamir)|Aulendil]] ''b. {{SA|213|n}}''|NOL=[[Nolondil]] ''b. {{SA|222|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Elros Tar-Minyatur.png|thumb|200px|Elros Tar-Minyatur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'']]

===Television===
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''September 9: ''[[Adar (episode)|Adar]]'':'''
::Elros Tar-Minyatur is depicted alongside his twin brother [[Elrond]] on a tapestry within [[Númenor|Númenor's]] [[Hall of Lore]], which Elros himself had allegedly built.

==See also==
*[[Twins]]

{{References|notes}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| name=Tar-Minyatur
| race=halfelf
| house=Founder of the [[House of Elros]] Continuation of the [[House of Hador]]
| born={{FA|532}}
| died={{SA|442}}
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=New title
| list=1st [[King of Númenor]]
| dates={{SA|32}} - {{SA|442|n}}
| next=[[Vardamir Nólimon]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{numenorkings}}
{{numenor}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[Category:House of Elros| ]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:Mariners]]
[[Category:Noldorin names]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Elros]]
[[fi:Elros]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/elros]]

Elrond

2024-08-20T16:40:46Z

DanielM99: added Sindarin pronunciation

{{infobox character
| name=Elrond
| people=[[Half-elven|Half-elf]]
| image=Tatyafinwe - Portrait of Elrond.jpg
| caption="Portrait of Elrond" by [[:Category:Images by Tatyafinwe|Tatyafinwe]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|['ɛlʲrond]}}
| othernames=''Elerondo'' ([[Quenya|Q]]) ''Peredhel'' ([[Sindarin|S]], "[[Half-elven]]") Master Elrond
| titles=Lord of [[Rivendell]]
| position=Ring-bearer of [[Vilya]] Vice-regent of Eriador Herald to [[Gil-galad]]<ref name="Celeborn">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>
| location=[[Mouths of Sirion]] (before {{FA|590}}) [[Lindon]] [[Rivendell]] [[Aman]] (after {{TA|3021}})
| affiliation=[[White Council]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Westron]]
| birth={{FA|532}}<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, version C of the manuscript, year changed to [>532], p. 348</ref>
| birthlocation=[[Havens of Sirion]]
| rule={{SA|1697}} - {{TA|3021}} (ruled 4765 years)
| sailedwest=[[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=6520
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Hador]]<ref group=note>Though Elrond and his brother Elros belonged to the House of Hador, they descended from [[House of Bëor|all]] [[House of Haleth|three]] [[House of Hador|Houses]] of the [[Edain]] as well as the [[Elves|Elven]] Houses of [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] and [[Elwë]] (Thingol).</ref><ref>{{NM|P3xi}}, ''Author's notes'', Note 1, p. 323</ref>, but preferred the [[Elwë|House of Elwë]]<ref group=note>Elrond chose the fate of the Eldar to carry on the lineages of Elwë and Turgon, but he preferred the lineage of Elwë because Elwë had not been subject to the [[Doom of Mandos]].</ref><ref>{{PM|Ros}}, p. 371; and associated Note 19 on p. 376</ref>
| heritage=[[Half-elven]] father and mother
| parentage=[[Eärendil]] (father) [[Elwing]] (mother) [[Maglor]] (foster father)
| siblings=[[Elros]] (twin brother)
| spouse=[[Celebrían]]
| children=[[Elladan]] & [[Elrohir]] ([[twins]]) [[Arwen]] [[Aragorn]] (foster son)
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Dark<ref name="meetings"/>
| eyes=Grey<ref name="meetings"/>
| clothing=Grey mantle<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> Silver circlet<ref name="meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|But my memory reaches back even to the [[Elder Days]]. [[Eärendil]] was my sire, who was born in [[Gondolin]] before its [[Fall of Gondolin|fall]]; and my mother was [[Elwing]], daughter of [[Dior]], son of [[Lúthien]] of [[Doriath]]. I have seen three [[ages]] in the West of the world, and many defeats, and many fruitless victories.|Elrond in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Council of Elrond]]"}}</center>
'''Elrond''' was the [[half-elven]] son of [[Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]], the father of [[Arwen]], and the Lord of [[Rivendell]] who consistently fought against [[Sauron]] throughout the Second and Third Ages. He was the twin brother of [[Elros]], who later became the first king of [[Númenor]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

Having been born in [[Beleriand]] towards the end of the [[First Age]], Elrond ever opposed [[Sauron]] and strove against him throughout the [[Second Age]], helping to bring about Sauron's defeat in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] as [[Gil-galad]]'s herald. Elrond inherited Gil-galad's Elven ring [[Vilya]], and during the [[Third Age]] he fought against the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] and, as a member of the [[White Council]], expelled the Necromancer from [[Dol Guldur]] (who was Sauron in another guise). Towards the end of the Third Age, he was the foster-father to [[Aragorn]] as he had been to Arathorn before him. Aragorn went on to marry Elrond's daughter Arwen. After the destruction of [[the One Ring]], Elrond sailed west with [[Gandalf]], [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], and [[Galadriel]]; their passing marked the end of the Third Age and the beginning of the [[Fourth Age|Fourth]].

Elrond is one of the most prominent, significant and recognisable characters in [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s legendarium, appearing in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' and ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''. He was critical to providing [[Thorin and Company]] with the information they needed to enter the [[Lonely Mountain]], and the [[Council of Elrond]] brought about the creation of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], which ultimately resulted in the destruction of the One Ring and the final defeat of Sauron.

==History==
===First Age===
Elros and Elrond were born in the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]] during the darkest days of the First Age, when the forces of [[Morgoth]] controlled most of [[Beleriand]]. When the twins were just six years old, the [[Sons of Fëanor]], bound by their [[Oath of Fëanor|Oath]], assaulted the Havens in the [[Third Kinslaying]], since they desired the [[Silmaril]] on the [[Nauglamír]] held by Elwing. Eärendil was at sea, and Elwing escaped with the Nauglamír and jumped into the sea.<ref name="Earendil" /> [[Maedhros]] and [[Maglor]], the only Sons of Fëanor to survive the assault upon the Havens, took Elros and Elrond as captives<ref name="Earendil" /> and abandoned them in a cave with a fall of water over the entrance instead of killing them.<ref name="L211">{{L|211}}, answer to Question 4</ref> But Maglor took pity upon Elrond and Elros and rescued them, and a mutual love grew between Maglor and the young twins afterwards.<ref name="Earendil" /> Elrond was given the name "Elf of the cavern" or "star-dome" (see [[#Etymology|Etymology]]), because Elrond was found in the cave.<ref name="L211" />
[[File:Tuuliky - Little Half-elf.jpg|thumb|left|Maglor raises Elrond. Art by [[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]]]]

Following the [[War of Wrath]], because of his Half-elven heritage, the [[Valar]] gave Elrond and his brother a choice to be counted among the kindred of Elves or Men. Elrond chose to belong to the [[Firstborn]], while Elros chose to become mortal.<ref name="Earendil" /> Elros voyaged over the sea to Númenor following the star of Eärendil;<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> whereas Elrond remained among the Elves and carried on the lineage of King [[Elwë]].<ref>{{PM|XII}}</ref> Elrond subsequently remained in [[Lindon]] with [[Gil-galad]], where he became known as a healer and lore-master.

===Second Age===
A fair being calling himself [[Annatar]], emissary of the Valar, came seeking entrance to Lindon during the Second Age. Elrond and Gil-galad sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him. They were correct, as proven in the later [[War of the Elves and Sauron]].
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Gil-galad sends Elrond to aid Celebrimbor.jpg|thumb|''Gil-galad sends Elrond to aid Celebrimbor'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
In {{SA|1695}}, Gil-galad sent Elrond to aid Eregion. Elrond's forces came too late and proved too small to defend Eregion. While Sauron sent most of his army west to attack Lindon, he left a strong detachment behind to contain Elrond. In [[Second Age 1697|two years]], Eregion [[Sack of Eregion|was laid waste]] and Elrond, along with the surviving Noldor, ran the risk of being overun, when [[Dwarves|Durin's folk]] of [[Khazad-dûm]] attacked Sauron's rear guard, turning Sauron's attention to these new foes. This allows Elrond and the remaining Noldor to flee far north. There, he established the stronghold of [[Rivendell|Imladris]].<ref name="UTC">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref><ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>

Many more refugees joined Elrond's host as Sauron ravaged Eriador during the course of the war. By {{SA|1700}}, Imladris, despite being [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged]], was the only part of [[Eriador]] not under Sauron's control. It was liberated by [[Gil-galad]]'s and [[Tar-Minastir]]'s forces. After Sauron's defeat, a Council was held at that time, establishing that Imladris should be maintained as an Elvish stronghold, and appointing Elrond as Gil-galad's vice-regent in Eriador, passing the Ring [[Vilya]] to him.<ref>{{UT|6}}</ref>

Elrond marched with Gil-galad and [[Elendil]] during the [[War of the Last Alliance]], serving as Gil-galad’s herald. He was present during the [[Battle of Dagorlad|last battle]] of that war, witnessing the deaths of Gil-galad and Elendil. When [[Isildur]] cut [[the One Ring]] from Sauron’s hand at the conclusion of the battle, he and [[Círdan]] advised Isildur to destroy the Ring, but Isildur refused their counsel. Elrond subsequently returned to Rivendell, which prospered in the coming years with the aid of the Ring of Air, [[Vilya]], that Elrond had received from Gil-galad.

It has been argued that, following Gil-galad’s death, Elrond had the right to become High King of the Noldor, but he never claimed the title. Indeed, after the Second Age ended, there were very few Noldor left in Middle-earth for there to be a king over.{{fact}}

===Third Age===
Following Isildur's death, Elrond received the shards of [[Narsil]], which he preserved for many years. He began his long tradition of fostering the heirs of Isildur by helping to raise Isildur's son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], who had been left in Rivendell during the War of the Last Alliance.

In {{TA|109}}, Elrond married [[Celebrían]], the daughter of [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]]. Their first children, the twins [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], were born in {{TA|130|n}}, and their daughter [[Arwen]] in {{TA|241|n}}.<ref name="AppB2" />

During the late reign of [[Arveleg I]], [[Second Siege of Imladris|Rivendell was besieged by Angmar]]. After an incursion by [[Angmar]] into Eriador in {{TA|1409}}, the Elvenfolk of Rivendell joined those of Lindon in subduing the power of the [[Witch-king]] for many years.<ref name="North">{{App|North}}</ref>

Centuries later, when the Northern Kingdom fell, Elrond took the other heirlooms of Arnor (the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]] and the [[Ring of Barahir]]) into his keeping, holding them for the one who would eventually be able to reclaim the throne of [[Arnor]].

Elrond, along with others of the [[Wise]], was joined by the [[Wizards|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]], who was sent by the Valar from the West. As they decided, Gandalf invaded [[Dol Guldur]]. The Necromancer withdrew and the [[Watchful Peace]] began. In {{TA|2463}}, the Wise formed the [[White Council]] with the Wizard [[Saruman]] as its head.
[[File:Angus McBride - Dol Guldur.jpg|thumb|left|''Dol Guldur'' by [[Angus McBride]]]]
Elrond was later separated from his wife when she was taken by [[Orcs]]. Their sons rescued her, but Elrond was unable to heal her mentally, and she decided to leave for the [[Uttermost West|West]] in {{TA|2510|n}}.

In {{TA|2851}}, the White Council met to decide whether to act on Gandalf's discovery of the identity of the [[Necromancer]] as Sauron, but [[Saruman]] dissuaded the others from acting upon Gandalf's revelation.

In {{TA|2933}}, Elrond took [[Aragorn]] as his foster-son in Rivendell, and had Arwen live in [[Lothlórien]] with her grandmother.

Elrond named Aragorn ''[[Estel]]'' ("Hope") and concealed his heritage from him until he came of age. When Aragorn became an adult, Elrond gave him the [[Ring of Barahir]] and the shards of Narsil, foreseeing that Aragorn might be the one to claim the thrones of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]]. When Aragorn fell in love with Arwen, Elrond revealed to him that Arwen shared the choice of the Half-elven, and that one or the other of them would ultimately be parted from her forever. Elrond insisted that Arwen could not marry Aragorn until he became king of both Gondor and Arnor.
[[File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Elrond and Thrór's Map.jpg|thumb|Elrond examines [[Thrór's Map]] in ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'']]
In {{TA|2941}}, Elrond welcomed [[Thorin and Company]] into his home, the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]] before the wild. On Midsummer's Eve - the night before the [[Dwarves]], [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], and [[Gandalf]] continued on their journey eastward - Elrond examined the swords which they had found in the trolls' cave. He read the runes and revealed that [[Thorin|Thorin's]] sword was called [[Orcrist]], the "Goblin-cleaver", and that Gandalf's sword was named [[Glamdring]], the "Foe-hammer". He told them that they were [[Elves|Elven]] swords from the ancient city of [[Gondolin]], destroyed long ago. He then looked at [[Thrór's Map]] and found that there were [[moon-letters]]. From the moon of that midsummer's eve he could read the words: 'five feet high the door and three may walk abreast' and 'stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks and the setting sun with the last light of Durin's Day will shine upon the keyhole'. This information proved vital for Bilbo and the Dwarves to enter the [[Lonely Mountain]] through its secret entrance.<ref name="H3">{{H|3}}</ref>

During that same year, the [[White Council]] assailed [[Dol Guldur]] and rid [[Mirkwood]] of the Necromancer's presence.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> Upon Bilbo and Gandalf's return to Rivendell, Elrond and the grey wizard discussed this and the events of the Lonely Mountain. They both agreed that it would be better if the Necromancer were banished from the world altogether.<ref name="H19">{{H|19}}</ref>

The White Council last met in {{TA|2953}}, when Gandalf expressed his concerns that the One Ring was Bilbo's ring found in the [[Goblin-town]]. Saruman quieted him, insisting that the Ring had been swept out to sea.

====War of the Ring====
When [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] first left the Shire with the One Ring, it was always his intention to go to Rivendell to seek the advice of Elrond. Indeed, in his letter left at Bree, Gandalf counselled him to do so. After Elrond healed Frodo of his wound sustained at [[Weathertop]], he then hosted the feast that was held when Frodo recovered.
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel returns to Rivendell.jpg|thumb|left|''Glorfindel returns to Rivendell'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
Elrond presided at the [[Council of Elrond]]. During that meeting, he narrated what he knew of the history of Isildur and the Ring. He identified Aragorn as the [[Heir of Isildur]], and when Frodo ultimately volunteered to carry the Ring, Elrond affirmed that decision. Elrond also appeared to have selected the members of the Fellowship other than Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], despite accepting [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] only reluctantly.

Later, Elrond sent his sons Elladan and Elrohir to join the [[Dúnedain]] Rangers who rode to [[Rohan]] to join Aragorn. Through Elrohir, Elrond advised Aragorn to take the [[Paths of the Dead]]. During the [[Last Debate]], Elrohir supported Aragorn’s decision to attack Mordor as a diversion to allow Frodo time to reach Mount Doom, saying that this was Elrond’s advice.

After the passing of [[Sauron]], Aragorn was crowned as [[King of the West|King]] of the new [[Reunited Kingdom]] on [[1 May]], and according to his own promise Elrond escorted Arwen to [[Lothlórien]]. They arrived on [[20 May]] and Arwen went to [[Minas Tirith]] to wed Aragorn.<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> He parted from her in great sorrow.
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Departure at the Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|''Departure at the Grey Havens'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Elrond was one of the Elves who took the [[White Ship]] to [[Valinor]] along with Frodo, Gandalf, and the other [[Ring-bearers]]. The Third Age's end is marked by their departure.

==Characteristics==
{{Quote|He was as noble and fair as an elf-lord, as strong as a warrior, as wise as a wizard, as venerable as a king of dwarves, and as kind as summer.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[A Short Rest]]"}}
Elrond seemed ageless, resembling neither old nor young. However, one could see in his face the memories and experiences of thousands of years. He looked venerable both like an old king, a wise wizard, and an experienced warrior in his prime.

Elrond is described as dark-haired, while his eyes were grey, shining like starlight. He could be seen wearing a circlet of silver.<ref name="meetings" /><ref>{{H|Rest}}</ref>

His parents were [[Eärendil]] and [[Elwing]]. He was thus [[Half-elven]]: Eärendil was the child of the mortal [[Tuor]] and the elf [[Idril]], while Elwing was the grandchild of [[Beren]] (a [[Man]]) and [[Lúthien]] (daughter of the Elf-king [[Thingol]] and the Maia [[Melian]]). Consequently, Elrond was descended from all three tribes of the Elves ([[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] through Idril, [[Sindar]] through Lúthien), a Maia, and all three houses of the [[Edain]] ([[House of Hador|Hador]], [[House of Haleth|Haleth]] and [[House of Bëor|Bëor]]).

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Elrond.mp3|Ardamir}}
In a letter from 1958, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] explained that ''Elrond'' is a [[Sindarin]] name that he was given because he was found in a cave, and that the name is a compound of ''eld>ell'', the Sindarin term for the High-Elven exiles, and ''rond'' based on primitive Elvish ''rondo'' meaning "cavern".<ref name="L211" /> In an essay that was probably written between 1959 and 1960, J.R.R. Tolkien translated the name as "Star-dome".<ref>{{WJ|Author}}, Note 26, second paragraph about Hadhodrond</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Elrond''</ref> The Sindarin elements are ''[[el]]'' ("star") and ''[[rond]]'' ("a vaulted or arched roof, the heavens").<ref name="Elements">{{S|Elements}}, entries ''êl'' and ''rond''</ref> In an essay on "The Problem of Ros" that was written in 1969 or later J.R.R. Tolkien translated the name as "star-dome, noting that it was given by [[Elwing]] in memory of the [[Menelrond]], the Hall of the Throne of Elwë.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref> ''Elrond'' has also been translated as "Vault of Heaven".<ref name="Etym">{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 384</ref> In a letter from 1972, J.R.R. Tolkien wrote that the name Elrond means "The vault of stars".<ref>{{L|345}}</ref>

His [[Quenya]] name was most likely '''''Elerondo''''',<ref>[[Petri Tikka]], "[http://www.geocities.com/petristikka/elvish/PE17.html Quenya words in ''Parma Eldalambaron'' 17]"</ref> isolated from the patronymic ''Elerondiel'' ("[[Arwen|Daughter of Elrond]]").<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 56</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| FIN |y| EAW | | GLN | | THI |y| MEL | | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]] ''b. {{YT}}''|GLN=[[Galadhon]] ''b. {{FA}}''|THI=[[Elu Thingol]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MEL=[[Melian]]}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | GAL |y| CEL | | GLT | | LUT |y| BER | | | | | |GAL=[[Galadriel]] ''b. {{YT|1362}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]] ''b. {{FA}}''|GLT=[[Galathil]] ''b. {{FA}}''|LUT=[[Lúthien]] ''b. {{YT|1200}}''|BER=[[Beren]] ''b. {{FA|432}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |,|-|'| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | NIM |y| DIO | | TUO |y| IDR | |TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. {{FA|472}}''|IDR=[[Idril]] ''b. {{YT}}''|DIO=[[Dior]] ''{{FA|470}} - {{FA|506|n}}''|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | ELW |~|~|y|~|~| EAR | | | |EAR=[[Eärendil]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''|ELW=[[Elwing]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | CLB |~|~|y|~|~| ELR | | | | | | ELS | | | |CLB=[[Celebrían]] ''b. {{SA|300}}''|ELR='''ELROND''' ''b. {{FA|532}}''|ELS=[[Elros]] ''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |:| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW |~|~|y|~|~| ARA | | | |ELL=[[Elladan]] ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]] ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]] ''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''|ARA=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] ''{{TA|2931}} - {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EDN | | DAU | | | | | |EDN=[[Eldarion]] ''{{FoA|1}} - {{FoA|220|n}}''|DAU=''unknown daughters''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The name '''Elrond''' first appears in a draft for ''[[The Fall of Númenor (chapter)]]'', written about the same time as ''The Hobbit'' (before [[1937]]). There he is mentioned to be the son of [[Eärendel]], heir of the [[House of Hador]], who because of his mortal blood chose to remain in the [[Great Lands]] and became the leader of the Elves in the remnant of [[Beleriand]]. There he allied with the Faithful [[Amroth]] (a precursor of Elendil) against [[Sûr]] (Sauron).<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}</ref> In a rewrite of the same text, Elrond becomes the first [[King of Númenor]] instead, the builder of the city of Númenos, and is a mortal (which means that the text was written before ''The Hobbit'', as he appears alive, presumably immortal, there). It is Gil-galad who fights Sauron. With the conception of Elros, Tolkien added a later note that considered making Elrond stay with Gil-galad or return to Middle-earth.<ref>{{LR|P1II3}}</ref>

Elrond was then "borrowed" or imported into ''[[The Hobbit]]''. Subsequently he, along with [[Gandalf]], became one of the only characters to appear in all three of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''[[The Hobbit]]'', and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.

In the chapter "[[A Short Rest]]" of ''The Hobbit'', it is said of Elrond that he
{{blockquote|...was an elf-friend — one of those people whose fathers came into the strange stories before the beginning of History, the wars of the evil goblins and the elves and the first men in the North. In those days of our tale there were still some people who had both elves and heroes of the North for ancestors, and Elrond the master of the house was their chief.|''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[A Short Rest]]"}}
Note that in this description he is not identified as an Elf himself, emphasizing his elf-friend (= Edain) heritage. In the subsequent fleshing out of his background, it is never mentioned that he was ever the "chief" of the people who came from "both elves and heroes of the North" (which would apply to the [[Half-elven]] or rather the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]]).

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Elrond in Adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Elrond.jpg|Elrond as portrayed in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Elrond.jpg|Elrond as portrayed in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Elrond2.jpg|[[Hugo Weaving]] as Elrond in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Elrond.jpg|Elrond in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:Elrond in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|Elrond in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Elrond.jpg|[[Robert Aramayo]] as Elrond in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'' series
</gallery>
===Films===
'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:Elrond appears in [[Rivendell]], crowned with a ring of stars. He feeds the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]], and identifies [[Orcrist]] and [[Glamdring]]. He needs little time to identify the latter. He is shown with a beard, although Tolkien clearly states [[Elves]] do not have beards. His voice was provided by [[Cyril Ritchard]].

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Elrond, voiced by [[André Morell]], appears at the [[Council of Elrond]]. He sits on a raised chair, and narrates the scene. Not until [[the One Ring]] is brought forward does he take an active part.

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:Elrond appears roughly the same as in the first of [[Rankin/Bass]]' films. The premise of the film, a [[minstrel of Gondor]] who tells the tale of "Frodo of the Nine Fingers, and the Ring of Doom" at [[Bilbo Baggins]]' 129th birthday party in Rivendell, allows Elrond to be a member of the audience, and then sails west, with [[Gandalf]] and the two allowed Bilbo and [[Frodo Baggins]] (his nephew) come because of their service in Middle-earth and being friends. Because Cyril Ritchard had passed away not long after completing his work on ''The Hobbit'', Rankin/Bass regular [[Paul Frees]] took over as his voice.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Elrond, played by [[Hugo Weaving]], first appears in the prologue as a commander of the army of [[Gil-galad]] in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. A later flashback scene shows him actually taking [[Isildur]] into [[Mount Doom]], trying to persuade him to destroy the Ring. [[Círdan]] is omitted.

:As in the book, Elrond heals [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s wound from [[Weathertop]]. Elrond then has a conversation with [[Gandalf]], discussing the many challenges that face them. Elrond argues that the Ring cannot remain in Rivendell (in the film, Frodo appears to have thought that he would be able to leave the Ring there). He also expresses his doubts about the race of [[Men]], and gives the first hints about [[Aragorn]]'s real identity. In the Council of Elrond, Elrond himself is the one who argues that the only option is to destroy the Ring. He does not select the Fellowship, but accepts those who volunteer.

:Elrond gains two additional scenes in the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|Extended Edition]] of the movie. In the first, he talks with Aragorn beside the grave of Aragorn’s mother. Elrond encourages the reluctant Aragorn to accept his fate of becoming [[Kings of Gondor|king]]. In the next scene, Elrond blesses the departing [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]].

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Though he had no scenes in the book, Elrond appears mainly in conversations with [[Arwen]], whose role is also greatly expanded. In a flashback, Aragorn remembers Elrond telling him to abandon his love for Arwen, allowing her to sail to [[Valinor]]. Aragorn attempts to do this, but Arwen denies him. In another scene, Elrond persuades Arwen that she should sail to Valinor, describing what will happen if she remains and Aragorn dies. Elrond then has a [[ósanwe|telepathic]] communication with [[Galadriel]] discussing the [[War of the Ring|war]] that is about to start. He apparently suggests that she send an army to [[Helm's Deep]] to aid the [[Rohirrim|Men]] there, since when [[Haldir]] arrives at Helm's Deep he says that he brings "word from Elrond of Rivendell."

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:In the final installment of Jackson's film series, Elrond's first scene is with Arwen, who has decided not to sail after all, but to return. Although he senses that she is dying, Elrond acknowledges her choice. At her suggestion, he has the [[shards of Narsil]] [[Andúril|re-forged]], then carries the new sword to Aragorn at [[Dunharrow]]. He finally convinces Aragorn to accept his destiny, and advises him to take the [[Paths of the Dead]]. Later, Elrond escorts Arwen to [[Minas Tirith]] for [[Aragorn]]'s coronation, and he finally sails to Valinor with the [[Ring-bearers]].

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Hugo Weaving reprises the role of Elrond.<ref name="IMCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Ian McKellen]]|articleurl=http://www.mckellen.com/cinema/hobbit-movie/110510.htm|articlename=2 Elves and another Wizard|dated=10-May-2011|website=[http://www.mckellen.com/ Ian McKellen's website]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> As in the book, he identifies Gandalf's and [[Thorin]]'s respective swords, as well as translating the [[Moon-letters|runes]] on Thorin's [[Thrór's Map|map]] in the [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey|first]] film. There is an additional scene where Elrond meets with the [[White Council]]. Like [[Saruman]], Elrond is somewhat skeptical of Gandalf's claims, deeming the Quest of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] unwise. However, he is clearly alarmed by Gandalf's revealing of the [[Morgul-knife|Morgul blade]] from [[Dol Guldur]]. Elrond is seen again in the [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|third]] of these films where he participates in the [[Attack on Dol Guldur|battle]] of Dol Guldur, joining Saruman and Galadriel in fighting off the [[Nazgûl]].

===Television===
'''1993: ''[[Hobitit|Hobitit]]'':'''
:In this adaptation, Elrond is portrayed by [[Leif Wager]].

'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''September 1: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''
::Elrond (portrayed by [[Robert Aramayo]])<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Alice Jones]]|articleurl=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2022/02/amazon-the-rings-of-power-series-first-look|articlename=Amazon’s Lord of the Rings Series Rises: Inside The Rings of Power
|dated=10-February-2022|website=[https://www.vanityfair.com VanityFair]|accessed=11-February-2022}}</ref> first appears sitting in a tree at [[Lindon]], writing the exact words of the speech that [[Gil-galad]] gives later. He is alerted by an [[Elves|Elf Attendant]] of the arrival of his friend, [[Galadriel]].

===Radio series===
'''1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''
:The part of Elrond is voiced by [[Garard Green]].<ref name="RT1674">Radio Times, Volume 129, No. 1674, [[9 December|December 9]], [[1955]]</ref>

'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:In this adaptation, Elrond is voiced by [[John Pullen]]. Gandalf claims that he is not an Elf, but an Elf-friend.

'''1980: [[Der Hobbit (1980 German radio series)|''Der Hobbit'' (1980 German radio series)]]:'''
:Elrond is played by Friedrich W. Bauschulle.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Hugh Dickson]] provided the voice of Elrond in this radio series. He first appears in the episode containing the [[Council of Elrond]], and appears unintroduced. Dickson showcases great trouble with pronouncing Elvish, and especially diphthongs. Gimli is the son of "[[Glóin|Gloo-in]]", who fought the dragon "[[Smaug|Sma-oog]]". Legolas is the son of "[[Thranduil|Thrandoo-uhl]]". He reappears in the final 2 episodes - first in the return to Rivendell warning Frodo to look out for Bilbo in the Shire one Autumn soon, and finally with Galadriel and Bilbo in the Shire before they all ride to the Grey Havens.

'''2001: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Elrond is provided by Matej Landl.

===Games===
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit (1982 text adventure game)'']]'''

:Elrond appears at Rivendell. The player can give him the curious map to read, and he also provides the player with lunch.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Like his predecessor Hugh Dickson, [[Jim Piddock]] shows incredible difficulty with diphthongs. "Glau-win" and "Thrandool" dislike each other, so too their sons.

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:In a short cutscene between the levels "Roast Mutton" and "Over Hill and Under Hill", Elrond is briefly mentioned. An artful image on a manuscript can be seen, while the [[Tom Kane|narrator]] explains Elrond examined the map and the swords.

'''2006: ''[[EA's The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:In an alternative, northern War of the Ring, Rivendell is the main base of operations for Glóin and Glorfindel. As such, Elrond is the source of missions and advice, and serves as the narrator throughout the game (Hugo Weaving reprises the role). Elrond is a playable character during the assault on [[Dol Guldur]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Elrond is a non-playable character and can be found in the library of the Last Homely House in Rivendell. During the Elven Prologue set hundreds of years before the War of the Ring he participates in a battle in the refuge of Edhellion, in northern [[Ered Luin]]. Elrond is heavily involved in the game original storyline and the characters are frequently bidden to return to him after uncovering troubling signs of the Enemy or achieving notable victories.

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''
:Hugo Weaving once again reprises the role, serving as the narrator for both Good and Evil campaign.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Early in the game Elrond sends his sons, [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], to scout [[Fornost]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Inner Wards''</ref> He later interacts with main characters in Rivendell, guiding them on their path of defeating Argandaur.

==See also==
*[[Twins]]

{{references|notes}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=halfelf
| born={{FA|532}}
| house=[[House of Hador]]
| died=Sailed west on [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Gil-galad]]
| list=[[Three Keepers|Keeper]] of [[Vilya]]
| dates={{SA|1701}} - after [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| nvac=None
| next=Presumably, still Elrond
}}
{{seq
| prow=2
| pvac=None
| prev=Titles established
| list=Lord of [[Rivendell]]
| dates={{SA|1697}} - [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}
| nvac=None
| next=Titles abandoned
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| list=Vice-regent of [[Eriador]]
| dates={{SA|1701}} - {{SA|3441|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{councilofelrond}}
{{hobbitfilms}}
{{lordoftheringsfilms}}
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:Ilkorin names]]
[[Category:Noldorin names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Elrond]]
[[fi:Elrond]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/semi-elfes/elrond]]

Lúthien

2024-08-20T16:37:49Z

DanielM99: modified pronunciation (e -> ɛ)

{{disambig-more|Lúthien|[[Lúthien (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Sindar|Sinda]]
| name=Lúthien
| image=Aerankai - Lúthien.jpg
| caption="Lúthien" by [[:Category:Images by Aerankai|Aerankai]]
| pronun={{IPA|ˈluː.θi.ɛn tiˈ.nuː.vi.ɛlʲ}}
| othernames=''Tinúviel'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Tindómerel'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| titles=Princess of Doriath Lady of [[Tol Galen]]
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]] [[Tol Galen]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]] [[Taliska]]
| birth={{YT|1200}}
| birthlocation=[[Forest of Neldoreth]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|467}}
| deathlocation=[[Doriath]] Returned to life, final death: {{FA|503}} (aged c. 3,377) [[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]]
| age=c. 3,341<ref group="note">[[Years of the Sun]]. Each [[Years of the Trees|Year of the Trees]] is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the [[Year of the Trees 1500|year 1500]].</ref>
| notablefor=Aiding [[Beren]] to retrieve a [[Silmaril]] from [[Iron Crown|Morgoth's Crown]] Being granted the [[Gift of Ilúvatar]]
| house=
| parentage=[[Thingol]] ([[Elf]]) and [[Melian]] ([[Ainu]])
| siblings=[[Túrin]] (foster-brother)
| spouse=[[Beren]]
| children=[[Dior]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>
| clothing=Blue raiment, sewn with golden flowers; shadowy cloak; appearance of [[Thuringwethil]]<ref name="Beren"/>
| weapons=Voice, enchantment
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}
{{quote|Her robe was blue as summer skies, but grey as evening were her eyes; 'twas sewn with golden lilies fair, but dark as shadow was her hair.|''[[Lay of Leithian]]'', [[Lay of Leithian Canto I|Canto I]], vv.27-30}}

'''Lúthien Tinúviel''' was the only daughter of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and [[Melian]] the [[Maia]]. She was said to be the fairest maiden amongst all the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] to have ever lived, a beauty that would appear again only millennia later on [[Arwen]]. She wedded [[Beren]], a [[Men|Man]], with whom she shared the fate of [[mortality]].

==History==
[[File:Alice Falto - Birth of Luthien.jpg|thumb|left|''Birth of Luthien'' by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]]]
Lúthien was born during the [[Years of the Trees]] of the [[First Age]], at the end of the first age of the [[Chaining of Melkor]]. She was born in the [[Forest of Neldoreth]] under the [[stars]], and [[niphredil]] first grew at the moment of her birth.<ref>{{GA|17}}</ref>

She would often dance in the woods, while her friend [[Daeron]], the minstrel of Thingol, would play his flute. Daeron came to love her, and while she enjoyed his company, she did not return his love.<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>

===Quest for the Silmaril===
{{Main|Quest for the Silmaril}}
During such an occasion she was discovered by [[Beren]] as he wandered the woods of her father's kingdom, and instantly fell in love with her. Daeron chirped out a warning, and she hid. While he searched for her, he accidentally laid his hand on her arm. He caught her alone some months later, and they grew to love one another. When Lúthien took Beren before her father, he was appalled that his royal daughter should wish to wed a mortal, and as is recounted in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' so set Beren what he thought was an unachievable task, to recover a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of [[Morgoth]] himself. So Beren left Doriath in pursuit of his hopeless quest.
[[File:Elena Kukanova - Encounter of Beren and Luthien.jpg|left|thumb|''Encounter of Beren and Luthien'' by [[Elena Kukanova]]]]
After a time, a darkness fell on Lúthien's heart, and she learned from her mother Melian what this meant; Beren had been captured by [[Sauron]], and was held in the dungeons of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Though Thingol sought to stop her, Lúthien set out from Doriath to rescue Beren, if she could. Passing through many adventures, she gained the help of [[Huan the Hound]], and together they came to [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth|Sauron's Isle]]. She nearly fell to the force of Sauron's hatred alone, but through her magic and Huan's strength they defeated Sauron and rescued Beren. Eventually Beren set out for [[Angband]] once again, but this time Lúthien accompanied him.
[[File:Alan Lee - fluttering before his eyes, she wound a mazy-wingéd dance.jpg|thumb|''Fluttering before his eyes, she wound a mazy-wingéd dance'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
Through Lúthien's powers, they passed the gates of Angband, and the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] that guarded them. Coming before the Dark Throne itself, Morgoth prepared to have both of them captured and killed, but Lúthien wove a spell and conducted a dance that put even Morgoth and his court into a deep sleep, and Beren cut a Silmaril from the Iron Crown. Returning to the gates, they found that Carcharoth barred their escape. Lúthien had been drained of her strength after putting the slumber over Angband and could not fight against the werewolf. Beren held up the hallowed jewel to protect them, but the monstrous wolf bit off his hand and, with it, consumed the Silmaril. But the Silmarils were blessed by [[Varda]] herself, so that any unclean flesh that touched them would be withered and burnt. The wolf's innards were consumed with that burning, and it ran howling into the south. Before the servants of Morgoth awakening beneath the mountains could pursue them, three [[Great Eagles]] came to the aid of Beren and Lúthien, bearing them away from [[Thangorodrim]].

Lúthien healed Beren, and they came at last back to her father's halls at [[Menegroth]]. There they heard tidings that the maddened wolf had entered Thingol's realm, and Beren set out with the King to the [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. After nightfall they returned; the wolf was slain and the Silmaril recovered, but Beren and Huan both were wounded mortally. Both passed away shortly after returning, and soon after Lúthien too wasted of grief.<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>

===Aftermath and death===
[[File:Tuuliky - The Death.jpg|thumb|left|''The Death'' by [[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]]]]
Their spirits were gathered in the [[Halls of Mandos]] in the [[Uttermost West]], and there Lúthien sang a song of such extraordinary power and beauty that it moved even the implacable heart of [[Mandos]] himself. So she was granted a unique fate, to become mortal and return to [[Middle-earth]] with Beren, where they dwelt for a time in happiness on the green island of [[Tol Galen]] in the River [[Adurant]].<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref> The lands surrounding the isle were later known as [[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]], "Land of the Dead that Live".<ref>{{S|20}}</ref>

After the destruction of [[Doriath]] Beren participated in battle for the last time. He ambushed the routed [[dwarves]], and in the process also acquired the Silmaril he once took from Morgoth's crown. He brought the Silmaril, which was inside the [[Nauglamir]], to Lúthien, and she wore it until the day she and Beren died of old age. It is said that their deaths came quicker than expected because of the Silmaril. After their death, the Silmaril was passed to their son [[Dior]], which caused the [[Second Kinslaying]].<ref>{{S|22}}</ref>

===Final death===
Among the Children of [[Ilúvatar]] the final death of Beren and Lúthien is accounted in {{FA|503}} for in that year Dior received the Silmaril in Doriath, and it was taken as a sign of his parents' death.<ref name="TL351">{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351. Cf. ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Ruin of Doriath]]"</ref> In truth the date of their death is unknown, for none saw them leave the world or marked where their bodies lay.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 305-306</ref>

==Etymology==
''Lúthien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Daughter of Flowers". The first element in the name is ''[[lúth]]'' ("blossom, inflorescence").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 15</ref> The second element is the feminine suffix ''[[-ien]]'' ("daughter").

In early writings, [[Doriathrin]] ''Luthien'' and [[Noldorin]] ''Lhūthien'' meant "enchantress", deriving from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''luktiēnē'' ("enchantress"; from [[Sundocarme|root]] ''LUK'' "magic, enhantement").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "LUK"</ref>

''[[Tinúviel]]'' (from Primitive Quendian ''tindōmiselde'') means "Nightingale", or, more literally, "Daughter of Twilight".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "SEL-D"</ref><ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 73</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | ELU |y| MEL | | BEO | | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|BEO=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT='''LÚTHIEN'''|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO=[[Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELU |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELU=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| ELR | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Inspiration==
Lúthien was largely inspired from [[Edith Bratt]] and when she died, Tolkien asked his son [[Christopher Tolkien|Christopher]] to include ''Lúthien'' in her gravestone, as he considered her "my Lúthien."<ref>{{L|340}}, p. 420</ref>

{{blockquote|I never called Edith 'Lúthien' – but she was the source of the story that in time became the chief pan of the Silmarillion. It was first conceived in a small woodland glade filled with hemlocks at Roos in Yorkshire (where I was for a brief time in command of an outpost of the Humber Garrison in [[1917]], and she was able to live with me for a while). In those days her hair was raven, her skin clear, her eyes brighter than you have seen them, and she could sing – and dance. But the story has gone crooked, & I am left, and I cannot plead before the inexorable Mandos.|[[Letter 340]]}}

The tale also shares the common element of folktales with the disapproving parent who sets a seemingly impossible task for the suitor, which is then fulfilled. The Welsh tale of [[Wikipedia:Culhwch and Olwen|Culhwch and Olwen]] is one such story.

The travel of Lúthien to Mandos and softening Námo with her song, in order to release her beloved, is a usual theme in mythology and religion: the Greek tale (as told by Ovid) of [[Wikipedia:Orpheus and Eurydice|Orpheus and Eurydice]] (see also the poem ''[[Sir Orpheo]]'', a medieval retale), the Japanese myth of [[Wikipedia:Izanagi|Izanagi and Izanami]], the Akkadian version of the Sumerian myth of [[Wikipedia:Inanna#Descent into the Underworld|Inanna's descent to the Underworld]], the Mayan myth of Ix Chel and Itzamna or the Indian legend of [[Wikipedia:Savitri and Satyavan|Savitri and Satyavan]].

==Other versions of the legendarium==
[[File:Alan Lee - Tevildo and Tinúviel.jpg|thumb|''Tevildo and Tinúviel'' by [[Alan Lee]].]]
When the story of her love with Beren first appeared in the ''[[Lost Tales]]'', ''Tinúviel'' was her birth name and [[Daeron|Dairon]] was her brother.<ref>{{LT2|I}}, p. 41</ref> The idea that the name ''Tinúviel'' was given to her by Beren emerged in the early ''[[Lays of Beleriand]]'', along with her birth name ''Lúthien'' (although at first Tolkien tentatively gave her the birth name of ''[[Melilot Brandybuck#Other versions of the legendarium|Melilot]]'').<ref>{{LB|3}}, pp. 159, 179-180</ref>

In a crossed out note, her brother was [[Tinfang Warble|Timpinen]] and the two "returned to the Eldar" while their father never did.<ref>{{LT1|IVn}}, note 1</ref>

In some of the earlier writings, the story of Beren and Tinúviel was slightly different. Instead of encountering Sauron on Tol Sirion, Tinúviel rescued her lover from the hands of [[Tevildo]], Prince of Cats. [[Tevildo]], however, was written out of the plot, and replaced with Sauron.<ref>{{BL|Noldorinwa}}, pp. 57-68</ref>

Before this name was assigned to the elf-maid, the name ''Lúthien'' was connected with ''[[Luthany]]'', the Elfin name for England.<ref name="Aelfwine">{{LT2|VI}}</ref>{{rp|313}} In several very early drafts of unfinished stories, ''Lúthien'' was the Elfin name of [[Ælfwine]], translated first as "wanderer" and later as "friend".<ref name="Aelfwine" />{{rp|301–304}}

==See also==
*[[Song of Beren and Lúthien]]

{{references|notes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luthien}}

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Elwë]]
[[Category:Ilkorin names]]
[[Category:Moriquendi]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

[[de:Lúthien]]
[[fi:Lúthien]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/luthien]]

Galadhrim

2024-08-18T00:40:53Z

DanielM99: added Sindarin pronunciation

{{rewrite}}
{{people infobox
| name=Galadhrim
| image = Rebecca Guay - Galadhrim.jpg
| caption="Galadhrim" by Rebecca Guay
| pronun={{respell|gal|ath|rim}}
[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ga'laðrim]}}
| othernames=Elves of Lórien, Elves of Lórinand, Tree-people
| origin=[[Silvan Elves]] of [[Lothlórien]]
| location=[[Lothlórien]], [[East Lórien]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Silvan Elvish]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Haldir]], [[Rúmil (Elf of Lórien)|Rúmil]], [[Orophin]], [[Amdír]], [[Amroth]], [[Nimrodel]], [[Mithrellas]], [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Galadhrim''' or the '''Tree-people''' were [[Elves]], mostly [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] in origin but also of [[Nandorin]] and [[Avarin]] descent, that inhabited the woods of [[Lothlórien]].

==History==
Some of the [[Nandor]], the [[Teleri|Telerin Elves]] who abandoned the [[Great Journey]] of the [[Eldar]] on the eastern side of the [[Misty Mountains]], settled down in the [[Vales of Anduin]] and later on established the realms of [[Mirkwood]] in the north and [[Lothlórien|Lindórinand]] in the south of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]].

In the beginning the [[Silvan Elves]] of Lórien were a small and scattered people, and as the power of the [[Longbeards]] of [[Moria]] grew, they relocated to the eastern side of the [[Anduin]].
===Second Age===
Following the destruction of [[Beleriand]] and the [[War of Wrath]], most of the [[Noldor]]in exiles and remnants of the Sindar retreated to [[Lindon]]. The [[Valar]] invited these Elves to [[Aman]], but [[Amdír]], among many others, was unwilling and remained in Lindon.<ref name="Sindarin">{{UT|6b}}</ref> Amdír, along with his son [[Amroth]], established himself in [[Lórinand]], where he would lead the [[Silvan Elves]].<ref name="AaN">{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> He took over as their King, while another Sinda, [[Oropher]], became King of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]].<ref name="Sindarin">{{UT|6b}}</ref>

During the [[Sack of Eregion]], Amroth led a force of Galadhrim, who together with [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] attacked [[Sauron]]'s force from the rear, saving [[Elrond]]. Survivors of [[Eregion]], including many [[Noldor]] and [[Sindar]], escaped into [[Khazad-dûm]] and were granted passage by their friends the [[Dwarves]], coming eventually through the [[Misty Mountains|Mountains]] to the woodlands that would long afterwards be called [[Lórien]].<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

Galadriel and Celeborn departed from Imladris and went to the little-inhabited lands between the mouth of the [[Gwathló]] and [[Ethir Anduin]].<ref name="Galadriel" /> There they dwelt in Belfalas, at [[Edhellond]],<ref name="Galadriel" /> near the place that was afterwards called [[Dol Amroth]]; and their company was swelled by [[Silvan Elves]] from Lórinand.<ref name="Galadriel" />

Under his leadership the people of Lórien prospered and their numbers grew. Amdír led an army of Galadhrim to the [[War of the Last Alliance]], where most of them, including Amdír himself, were slain in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]].

===[[Third Age]]===
The Galadhrim were now ruled by [[Amroth]] the son of Amdír. Around {{TA|1409}}, some Galadhrim passed over the [[Misty Mountains]] to join forces with [[Rivendell]] under [[Elrond]] against [[Angmar]]. Along with assistance with the [[Elves of Lindon]], they were successful in subduing the witch-kingdom for some time.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Around {{TA|1980}} with the freeing of [[Durin's Bane|the Balrog]] in [[Moria]] many of the Galadhrim fled south to [[Edhellond]] and sailed over Sea to [[Valinor]]. Amroth grew weary of [[Middle-earth]] and wished to sail. But he drowned in the [[Bay of Belfalas]].<ref name="AaN" /><ref name="ta">{{App|TA}}</ref>

In her wisdom [[Galadriel]] saw that Lórien would be a stronghold and a point of power to prevent the shadow from crossing the Anduin, for the Galadhrim were hardy and valiant. But they needed a ruler of greater strength and wisdom than they possessed. That is why Galadriel and [[Celeborn]] took up their permanent abode in Lórien and its government. Under the leadership of Galadriel and Celeborn the Galadhrim prospered and their skill grew.

During the [[War of the Ring]] the valour of the Galadhrim (with the power of Galadriel) defended their home against [[orcs]], who [[assaults on Lothlórien|attacked their woods]] and made destructions on its border; soon after [[Sauron]] met his demise and the Galadhrim with many boats crossed the [[Anduin]] to [[Fall of Dol Guldur|attack]] [[Dol Guldur]].
===[[Fourth Age]]===
After the departure over Sea of Galadriel, and of Celeborn to [[Imladris]], only few of the Galadhrim remained in Lothlórien; many might have moved to [[East Lórien]] in [[Greenwood]] where the Silvan Elves remained untroubled by the early [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref>

==Culture==
The Galadhrim prospered and were instructed under their Sindarin rulers, and afterwards by [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim|their Lord and Lady]]. They became proficient in making [[Lembas]], [[Elven rope]], Elven-cloaks and many other crafts. They lived in [[telain]] built in the trees.

They spoke [[Silvan Elvish]], and a dialect of Sindarin, with an "accent".<ref>{{App|Elves}}</ref> Some, like [[Haldir]], but not all, could speak [[Westron]].

==Etymology==
''Galadhrim'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Tree-people". The name consists of ''[[galadh]]'' ("tree") + ''[[rim|rim(b)]]'' ("great number").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 50</ref> See also LotR (50th) p. 341.

In the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''Galadhrim'' was spelt ''Galadrim''. In later editions, this was emended to the former, which [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] had decided was the correct Sindarin form.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 305</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Silvan Elves]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]
[[de:Galadhrim]]
[[fi:Galadhrim]]

Legolas

2024-08-18T00:37:53Z

DanielM99: added Sindarin pronunciation

{{sources}}
{{rewrite}} 
{{disambig-two|the Elf of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]|Elf in ''[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)|The Fall of Gondolin]]''|[[Legolas (elf of Gondolin)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Sindar|Sinda]]
| name=Legolas
| image=Līga Kļaviņa - Legolas.jpg
| caption="Legolas" by [[:Category:Images by Līga Kļaviņa|Līga Kļaviņa]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|['lɛgolas]}}
| othernames=''Laicolassë'' ([[Quenya|Q]]) Greenleaf
| titles=Prince of [[Woodland Realm]]
| position=
| location=[[Woodland Realm]] [[Ithilien]]
| affiliation=[[Fellowship of the Ring]]
| language=[[Sindarin]] and [[Westron]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| sailedwest={{FoA|120}}
| sailedfrom=[[Ithilien]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Thranduil]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Over 6 feet (1.83 m)<ref>{{NM|P2vi}}, "Heights", p. 195</ref>
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Green and brown garb
| weapons=[[Bow of the Galadhrim]] and "long white knife"
| steed=[[Arod]]
}}
{{Quote|There was also a strange Elf clad in green and brown, Legolas, a messenger from his father...|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[The Council of Elrond]]"}}

'''Legolas''' was a [[Sindar|Sinda]] Elf, the prince of the [[Woodland Realm]] of [[Mirkwood]]. His grandfather [[Oropher]] was of the [[Sindar]] of [[Doriath]], and his father [[Thranduil]] was king of Mirkwood ([[Greenwood the Great]]). His birthdate is unknown, as are his earliest exploits. His most notable role is the part he played in the [[War of the Ring]], during which he represented the [[Elves|Elven]] in the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]. His Elven abilities, such as superior sight and hearing, lightness of foot, and skilled archery, were invaluable to his eight companions.

Legolas' unlikely friendship with the [[Dwarves|Dwarf]], [[Gimli]] son of [[Glóin]] was considered odd. As such a friendship was rare between the two races, due to the long-standing grievances between [[Dwarves]] and [[Elves]] dating back to the [[Elder Days]]. And, unlikely because of the grudge between their two particular houses for the rough treatment Glóin and the rest of [[Thorin Oakenshield]]'s company was given by Thranduil on an earlier occasion.<ref>{{H|8}}; {{H|9}}</ref>

==History==
Little is known about his life before or during the [[Third Age]], except for the few things he himself has said on the matter.

During the [[War of the Ring]], the creature [[Gollum]] was captured by [[Aragorn]], and put under lock and key by the [[Elves of Mirkwood]]. Through their over-kindliness to him, however, Gollum managed an escape with the help of [[Sauron]]'s [[Orcs]]. Legolas was dispatched to [[Rivendell]] to deliver this ill news to [[Elrond]] and [[Gandalf]].<ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref>

Legolas was present at the [[Council of Elrond]] and related the news of Gollum's escape, quickly adding that it was not through lack of vigilance that he slipped their grasp, and provided a detailed account of the whole affair to the Council.<ref name="Council" /> He spoke little if at all after his report, but was later chosen to represent the Elves in the [[Nine Walkers]] of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] to participate in the [[Quest of the Ring]]. His skills would prove invaluable to the Fellowship.

===Fellowship of the Ring===
For the early part of the quest, the nine companions walked single file, Gandalf leading, Legolas, with his keen eyes, providing the rearguard. When the Company came to [[Hollin]], Legolas was very deeply moved: the wholesome air yet spoke of the Elves that dwelt there long ago, and his sharp ears heard the very stones crying out for grief at their departure and memory of their ways.<ref name="South" />

[[File:Peter Xavier Price - 'I go to find the Sun!'.jpg|thumb|''I go to find the Sun!'' by [[Peter Xavier Price]]]]
As they ascended [[Caradhras]], Legolas in his light shoes could walk on top of the snow, whereas the others were forced to trudge and wade their way forward. But snow or no snow, nothing could dampen his buoyant Elven spirit, and he joked lightly with Gandalf even at the darkest moments. He scouted ahead and behind the company, dancing over the snow with great ease, and brought news that the storm was, as they had been fearing, put out to stop them by some Power greater than they. When this report arrived, Gandalf reluctantly decided to abandon the idea of crossing by the [[Redhorn Gate]]. Legolas stayed near the [[Hobbits]] on the dangerous descent.<ref name="South">{{FR|South}}</ref>

At the bottom of the mountain, the company took a vote on attempting passage through [[Moria]]. Legolas was silent until asked for his opinion, and then said simply and seemingly reluctantly, "I do not wish to go to Moria." His loyalty and respectful deference to the decisions of the two leaders, Aragorn and Gandalf, extended even to following them through darkness and unknown horror; of all the Company, he was arguably the most loyal to leadership. When the voices of the [[Wargs]] were heard and the attack began, Legolas did perhaps more than anyone save Gandalf, shooting numerous Wargs and even collecting his spent arrows to fire again, retrieving them, like a responsible bowman, after the fight ended.<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

The Fellowship reached the West Gate of Moria, and were halted by the doors fast shut. At last gaining entrance, the Company, following Gandalf's staff, began their march through Moria, a pit so profoundly dark that even Legolas' eyes could see nothing. He served his turn, like the others, in lookout duty through the night on the march. When they came to the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]] and were attacked by the Orcs, Legolas dispatched at least two before following the others out the east door, having to drag Gimli away from [[Balin]]'s tomb. When [[Durin's Bane]] made its frightful appearance, Legolas was the first to spot it when he turned to shoot an arrow towards the Orcs. He recognized it immediately as a [[Balrog]], and it is the only recorded time he was ever truly afraid: a Balrog held far more terror for an Elf than for any other, for only they remembered where the Demons of Fire had come from and whom they had first served.<ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Crossing Nimrodel.jpg|thumb|''Crossing Nimrodel'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
After the fall of Gandalf, Aragorn led the Fellowship eastwards to the borders of the forest of Lórien. Legolas was seized with a deep excitement, for none of his kindred had been into the wood for many years, and he himself had only heard of it from tales. He was grieved, though, that it was winter, and the full glory of the ''[[Mellyrn]]'' was departed. The Fellowship splashed across the [[Nimrodel]] river, feeling their weariness drained away by its cool waters. As they rested on the shore, Legolas told the tales of [[Lothlórien]] still remembered by the Mirkwood Elves and sang to them part of the [[Song of Nimrodel]]. At last, the Company turned aside from the path in order to shelter in the trees for the night, not caring to be caught on the ground by the Orcs pursuing them from Moria. Upon being surprised and questioned by the Elves of Lórien who were watching from a tree, Legolas responded cautiously in their own tongue. When [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]] queried as to what they were saying, Legolas slyly responded, "They say that you breathe so loud they could shoot you in the dark." He hastened to add that they need not fear the Elves.

Legolas was called up to meet with the [[Galadhrim]], bringing Frodo, though Sam followed, as always. The Galadhrim had heard Legolas' singing and knew him for one of their northern kindred. They had had tidings from the sons of Elrond as to the Quest upon which the Company was embarked, and readily accepted all of the fellowship save Gimli, who was only grudgingly allowed, for the suspicion of the Elves of Lórien towards the Dwarves was especially acute. Legolas was forced to answer for the company, with the reminder to keep an eye on "that dwarf". The next morning, when the Elves took the company across the river [[Celebrant]] on their way to [[Caras Galadhon]], they told Gimli he would have to be blindfolded, but he was outraged and refused. When Aragorn offered for all of the Company to wear blindfolds, Gimli said if only Legolas would wear one, he would. Legolas was outraged in turn, but Aragorn settled the dispute by asking to blindfold the whole of the Company. In the end, Legolas had no choice but to agree.<ref>{{FR|Lorien}}</ref>

[[Image:Michael Kaluta - Legolas Draws the Bow of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Legolas Draws the Bow of Galadriel'' by [[Michael Kaluta]]]]
In Lothlórien, many Elves sang of Gandalf, and their language was such that only Legolas could understand. Legolas would not translate the lamentations for the rest of the Company, saying that he had neither the skill nor the heart. During their time in Lórien, however, with the influence of the Lady [[Galadriel]] permeating the air, he became fast friends with Gimli, a friendship that would never be broken.<ref>{{FR|Mirror}}</ref> He was one of the Company that could handle boats, and when the Fellowship prepared to leave Lórien, he was assigned to paddle one with Gimli. From the lady Galadriel, he received an Elven cloak and brooch, like the others, and a long, stout bow and quiver of arrows, such as the Galadhrim used.<ref>{{FR|Farewell}}</ref>

When the Company was ambushed by orc-archers on the [[Anduin]], Legolas quickly leaped out onto dry ground and up the riverbank with his bow, searching in the darkness for any sign of the Orcs. From Frodo's low position in the boats, he appeared to be crowned with white stars as he stood tall upon the bank. Suddenly, the south wind chased the clouds away, and a chilling dread fell on the Company. Legolas looked up, and sighed, "[[Elbereth Gilthoniel]]!" as if to draw strength to face the terror riding high in the wind. As the Shadow approached, he bent the great bow of Lórien and shot the descending [[Fell beasts|Fell beast]] from the sky, one of his most masterful deeds. He was praised by the rest of the Company for this, especially Gimli.<ref>{{FR|River}}</ref>

===Three Hunters===
[[File:Peter Xavier Price - Awaiting the Riders of Rohan.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Awaiting the Riders of Rohan'' by [[Peter Xavier Price]]]]
When the company was ambushed on [[Amon Hen]], Legolas shot many Orcs until his arrows ran out, and then used his knife.<ref>{{FR|Breaking}}</ref> Upon the [[breaking of the Fellowship]], when he learned that Boromir had fallen, he sang a lament with Aragorn, taking the part of the South Wind, which came from the Sea.<ref>{{TT|Departure}}</ref> Legolas was of great aid to Aragorn in the days following, as he helped to track the [[Uruk-hai]] across [[Rohan]]. His eyes could see many leagues, and for a while he could see their quarry far ahead of them.<ref>{{TT|Riders}}</ref>

When accosted by the [[Riders of Rohan]] led by [[Éomer]], Legolas stood by his friend Gimli when confronted by the haughty Marchwarden, threatening him with death if he attempted to harm the dwarf. When Éomer lent them horses to speed them on their way, Legolas was given [[Arod]], a very high-spirited horse. But Legolas had the Elvish way with beasts, and after he had leaped lightly upon Arod, the horse was docile beneath him. Legolas let Gimli ride behind him on the way to [[Fangorn Forest]] in their search for [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]]. When they arrived by the smoking pile of Orc ashes, they combed the battlefield for any sign of the Hobbits for several hours, but gave up as night approached. Camping under the eaves of the forest, Legolas noticed how the tree beneath which they sat seemed glad of the fire they lit, stretching out its limbs and leaves to the heat. Though the night was very dark, he was also the first to notice the absence of the horses. Later he asserted to Aragorn that the beasts sounded joyful, confirming Aragorn’s own guess.<ref name="White">{{TT|White}}</ref>

Upon entering Fangorn, Legolas declared that he almost felt young again beside those trees. He commented that in earlier days he could have been happy there. Gimli snorted, saying, “''I dare say you could. You are a Wood-elf, anyway, though Elves of any kind are strange folk.''” Legolas would later reverse this declaration at the [[Hornburg]]. When the [[Three Hunters]] met with the apparition of an old man, whom they believed to be [[Saruman]], despite Gimli’s encouragement Legolas did not shoot him. The old man declared, "''Put away that bow, Master Elf.''" Legolas dropped his bow, but later picked it up again, and was about to shoot when it was seen that beneath the old man’s robes there was white. Yet he recognised that it was [[Gandalf]] just in time, and shot his arrow high in the air to be consumed by fire. Gandalf coolly added, "''Well met, I say to you again, Legolas!''"<ref name="White" />

===With the Rohirrim===
Legolas was the first to ask Gandalf about Merry and Pippin, and Gandalf’s apparently miraculous escape. After the story, Gandalf delivered [[Galadriel's messages]] to each of them, Legolas' being:

{{blockquote|Legolas Greenleaf long under tree 
In joy thou hast lived. Beware of the Sea! 
If thou hearest the cry of the gull on the shore, 
Thy heart shall then rest in the forest no more.<ref name=White/>}}

Later, Legolas again used his eyes for the help of the company, as he spied both of [[Isengard]] and [[Edoras]] from afar. He played only a passive role in the healing of [[Théoden|Théoden King]], and later was arrayed in shining mail beside Aragorn. Gimli would not ride on Éomer's horse unless Legolas rode beside them, which he did gladly. Éomer declared, "''Legolas upon my left, and Aragorn upon my right, and none will dare to stand before us!''"<ref>{{TT|King}}</ref>

[[Image:John Howe - Legolas and Gimli at Helm's Deep.jpg|thumb|right|''Legolas and Gimli at Helm's Deep'' [[John Howe]]]]
As Legolas stood at the [[Hornburg]] at the eve of battle, he said that he did not like the place. Gimli comforted him, and he was glad that the dwarf stood by his side. He also wished that a hundred archers of [[Mirkwood]] were there, noting the small number of bowmen among the [[Rohirrim]]. At the opening of the battle, Legolas shot twenty at least, this figure being taken as precise by Gimli. When Gimli returned to the elf for the second time to declare that he slew twenty-one, Legolas counted his kills as twenty-four. By the time the [[Fire of Orthanc]] blew out a piece of the wall, his quiver was nearly empty. With the last arrow the elf saved Aragorn’s life when he stumbled while pursued. At the end of the battle, Legolas had shot a total of forty-one, though Gimli surpassed his count by one.<ref name="Road">{{TT|Road}}</ref>

Legolas showed great interest in the [[Huorns]] on the way to [[Isengard]], discussing them with Gandalf and a less willing Gimli. Legolas promised Gimli that he would go to [[Glittering Caves|Aglarond]] after the war upon hearing the dwarf’s eloquence, if only Gimli would accompany him on a return to Fangorn. At Isengard he enjoyed a meal in the company of Gimli, Aragorn, and the [[Hobbits]], Merry and Pippin.<ref>{{TT|Flotsam}}</ref>

===Return of the King===
When Aragorn made clear his purpose as to the taking of the [[Paths of the Dead]], Legolas and Gimli willingly volunteered to go with him. Legolas predicted, when Gimli suggested that Galadriel might have sent them soldiers from their own lands, that they need not ride away to find war.

Amidst the Paths of the Dead, riding with the [[Grey Company]], Legolas alone, save for [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], [[Elrond|Elrond's]] sons, felt no fear of the [[Oathbreakers]],<ref>{{RK|Company}}</ref> and it may be remembered that the High Elves had power both in the worlds of the seen and unseen. Yet his turn came to be struck to the heart in the opposite sense – when he heard the gulls at [[Pelargir]], fulfilling Galadriel’s prediction and warning. While telling this story later, he stopped there, while Gimli promptly said, "''For my part I heeded them not''". Legolas saw as Aragorn led the Dead Men what a mighty lord he might have been if he had taken the [[One Ring]].<ref name="Debate">{{RK|Debate}}</ref>

Legolas came with Aragorn from the ships during the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields|Battle of Pelennor Fields]], and fought there beside his comrades. He survived the battle, and afterward commented on the longevity and eventual domination of [[Men]] to the dubious Gimli.<ref name="Debate" />

===Battle of the Morannon and aftermath===
Legolas rode for the last time into battle beside his friends to the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. He witnessed the Fall of the Dark Tower, and after the battle attended the ceremonies of the [[Field of Cormallen]] in honour of Frodo and Samwise and their victory. That night Legolas would not go to bed, but instead went away to walk in the woods, singing of the Sea.<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref>

At the urging of Aragorn, Legolas remained in [[Minas Tirith]] for a time, after attending the coronation of [[Aragorn|Elessar]]. During the parting of the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]], Legolas went with Gimli to [[Aglarond]]. After that, he rode off with Gimli to return to [[Fangorn Forest]].<ref>{{RK|Partings}}</ref>

===After the War of the Ring===
[[File:Turner Mohan - Legolas and Gimli depart.jpg|thumb|''Legolas and Gimli depart'' by [[:Category:Images by Turner Mohan|Turner Mohan]]]]
In the early Fourth Age Legolas brought south [[Elves of Mirkwood|Elves out of Greenwood]], and they dwelt in Ithilien, which became once again the fairest country in all the westlands.<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>{{rp|1080}} During his stay in Ithilien, Legolas devised the renowned gardens of Prince Faramir's new home in the Hills of [[Emyn Arnen]].<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, Commentary on ''The Stewards of Gondor'' ("Faramir"), p. 220</ref>

Legolas and the [[Silvan Elves|Wood-Elves]] later worked together with Gimli and the Dwarves to rebuild and improve [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="Durin" />{{rp|1080}} After King Elessar died in {{FoA|120}}, Legolas built a grey ship in Ithilien and sailed down the Anduin and onwards into the [[Aman|West]],<ref name="AppB">{{App|Later}}, entry '''1541''', p. 1098</ref> reportedly taking Gimli with him.<ref name="AppB" /><ref name="Durin" />{{rp|1081}}

==Characteristics==
===Appearance and equipment===
[[Christopher Tolkien]] recounts that his father wrote the following "wrathful" comment protesting against a "pretty" or "ladylike" depiction of Legolas:
{{blockquote|He was tall as a young tree, lithe, immensely strong, able swiftly to draw a great war-bow and shoot down a Nazgûl, endowed with the tremendous vitality of Elvish bodies, so hard and resistant to hurt that he went only in light shoes over rock or through snow, the most tireless of all the Fellowship.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', p. 327}}

At Rivendell, Legolas was dressed in green and brown garb,<ref name="Council" /> and he was probably dressed similarly for the duration of the quest.
He bore a bow from Mirkwood, and later a [[Bow of the Galadhrim]]. He also had a long white knife.<ref name="South" /> He was a master archer, unmatched by any other during his time, capable of shooting adversaries from afar, and on occasion kill more than one with a single arrow, as shown when he nailed two orcs through the throat in Moria.<ref name="Bridge" /> His skill with a bow was even more formidable due to his keen eyesight. At the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], he also proved skilled at knife-fighting in close quarters.<ref>{{TT|Deep}}</ref>

===Personality===
Legolas showed almost irrepressible cheerfulness throughout the journey, passing through Caradhras and even the Paths of the Dead without hesitation or complaint. His youthful nature can be seen from the mocking way he spoke of the "strong men" on Caradhras, who Boromir (meaning himself and Aragorn) had said could forge a way out through the snow.<ref name="South" /> He is perhaps most remembered for his friendship with Gimli the Dwarf, and it was during this friendship that we see his faithfulness, and also his love of beauty. Gimli's words moved him when the dwarf spoke of the [[Glittering Caves]].<ref name="Road" />

==Etymology==
The name ''Legolas'' is a [[Silvan Elvish|Silvan]] dialect form of pure [[Sindarin]] ''Laegolas'', which means "Greenleaf". At one point he is called "Legolas '''Greenleaf'''" by Gandalf, coupling his name and its translation like an epithet.<ref group="note">''Greenleaf'' is not his surname, as is sometimes erroneously believed; nor is it an epithet (like ''[[Oakenshield]]'').</ref>

''Legolas'' consists of the [[Sindarin]] words ''laeg'', a very rare, archaic word for "green" (cf. ''Laegrim, Laegel(d)rim'', the [[Green Elves]]), which is normally replaced by ''calen'' (cf. ''[[Calenhad]], [[Parth Galen]]'' and ''[[Pinnath Gelin]]''); and ''golas'', a collection of leaves, foliage (being a prefixed collective form of ''[[lass|las(s)]]'', "leaf").<ref>{{L|211}}</ref><ref name="pe17">{{PE|17}}</ref>{{rp|84}}

In one note, [[Tolkien]] considered ''Legolas'' to be a non-Sindarin name, instead being [[Ossiriand]]ish in which ''laiquā'' > ''lēgo'' (shortened in trisyllabic names to ''lěgo'').<ref name="pe17" />{{rp|153}}

The [[Quenya]] cognate of ''Laegolas'' was '''''Laicolasse'''''.<ref name="pe17" />{{rp|56}}

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| ORO |ORO=[[Oropher]] ''d. {{SA|3434}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| THR |THR=[[Thranduil]] ''Unknown''}}
{{familytree| |!| |}}
{{familytree| LEG |LEG='''LEGOLAS''' ''Sailed West {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The name "''[[Legolas (elf of Gondolin)|Legolas Greenleaf]]''" appeared first in "[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)|The Fall of Gondolin]]" in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', applied to a character who guided some survivors of the sack of the city to safety.<ref>{{LT2|IIIn}}, ''Entries in the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin'', p. 217</ref> However, this character had no further development in the [[Legendarium]] and is unrelated to the Legolas of the Fellowship of the Ring.

While writing ''The Lord of the Rings'', Tolkien first considered [[Glorfindel]] to be the Elven character of the Fellowship, however he dropped the idea, and Legolas was created to replace him. Perhaps this is the reason why Legolas is considered the most underdeveloped character of the Fellowship, playing only a minor role in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://askmiddlearth.tumblr.com/post/53965333513/why-is-legolass-character-so-underdeveloped|articlename=Why is Legolas so underdeveloped?|website=[http://askmiddlearth.tumblr.com Ask About Middle-Earth]}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Legolas in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Legolas 2.jpg|[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Legolas at Amon Hen.jpg|[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Legolas.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings- The Treason of Isengard - Legolas.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Treason of Isengard]]''
File:Lego Legolas poster.png|Legolas as a ''[[Lego]] mini figure''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Legolas.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
</gallery>

'''1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Frank Duncan]] was the voice of Legolas.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Legolas was voiced by [[Anthony Daniels]]. In the film, he takes [[Glorfindel]]'s place in the Flight to the Ford sequence; he meets Strider and the hobbits on their way to [[Rivendell]], and sets Frodo on his horse before he is chased by the Nazgûl to the ford of [[Bruinen]]. Here, he is apparently from Rivendell, because he answers to Elrond; he is not identified as a Wood-elf.

'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:[[John Vickery]] provided the voice of Legolas.

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:Neither Legolas nor Gimli appeared in this film, as they were essentially followers irrelevant to the plot.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:[[David Collings]] provided the voice of Legolas.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:[[Michael Reisz]] provided the voice of Legolas.

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Legolas was portrayed by [[Orlando Bloom]].

:In the "official movie guide" for ''The Lord of the Rings'', a birthdate for Legolas is set to 87 of the [[Third Age]]. This would make him 2931 years old at the time of the [[War of the Ring]]. This date for Legolas' birth was made up by the movie writers. Curiously, the year 2931 was the year Aragorn was born; the writers may have picked the number at random from the ''Tale of Years'' in the [[Appendix B|Appendices]].

:He is presented as an unstoppable fighter, arguably to the point of stealing the show; he performs show-stopping yet implausible stunts in battle scenes. For example, in the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], he slides down a staircase using a shield, shooting arrows all the while, and in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], he takes down an [[Oliphaunts|Oliphaunt]] all by himself. However, in the books, Legolas's exploits in battle are not presented in great detail. Aside from shooting the fell beast, he undertakes no major actions other than to make peace with Gimli, overcoming their longstanding mutual racial animosity — he and Gimli are followers, rather than leaders. The film-makers later stated that the entire scene of Legolas killing the Oliphaunt and its entire crew was filmed during pick-ups (months after original filming) to insert a major action scene showcasing him, because at that point they realized that he simply doesn't get to do much in the third part of the trilogy.

:Legolas bears two long knives, while in the book he bears only one. Another, more trivial change, was the number of Orcs he and Gimli kill at [[Helm's Deep]]: 42 and 43, respectively. It is not clear whether this was an intentional change on the part of the filmmakers, though it seems likely that it was, since the original numbers were so clear in Tolkien's own text.

:Playing Legolas in the trilogy was Orlando Bloom's breakout route to superstardom. His handsome features and Legolas's "coolness", so to speak, as depicted in the film, have led to the character becoming an unprecedented fan favourite with both fangirls and fanboys, not to mention other Tolkien fans. Many debaters on the Internet during earlier stages of production were worried that a film portrayal of Legolas might render him as far too effeminate for popular consumption. Later, many felt that Bloom was able to avoid this entirely.

'''2001-2003: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Legolas is provided by Richard Stanke.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Legolas is a non-playable character, accompanying the Ring-bearer since Rivendell.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (video game)]]:'''
:Legolas is one of the three playable characters.

'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]:'''
:Legolas is a playable character, skilled in both ranged and melee. He and Gimli accompany Aragorn through Paths of the Dead, later he fights on Pelennor fields and at the Black Gate.

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]'''
:Legolas makes a cameo as one of the Wood-elves that Bilbo must avoid in the "Barrels Out of Bond" level. He is recognizable due to his resemblance to Thranduil. While he is unnamed in-game, his identity is confirmed in the game files. No voice actor is specified for the character.<ref>''The Hobbit (2003 video game)'', "Barrels Out of Bond"</ref>

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''
:[[Grant George]] provides the voice of Legolas.<ref>http://www.dynamicduovo.com/aboutgrant.html</ref> The game depicts Legolas's hunt for [[Gollum]] in northern Mirkwood, which is interrupted by the orcs.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Legolas is a Hero Unit for the Rohan faction in skirmishes, and accompanies the Fellowship in the storyline mode. He specializes in powerful ranged attacks.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Legolas is now the Hero for the Elven faction.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Legolas is first met in [[Rivendell]], where before the Fellowship's departure he helps the player in the search for the missing Nazgul. Later, the player catches up with Legolas at several points during the Fellowship's journey such as [[Cerin Amroth]], [[Meduseld]], [[Hornburg]] and the [[Pelennor Fields]]. After [[Sauron]]'s defeat, Legolas and [[Gimli]] accompany soldiers of [[Gondor]] who on the orders of King Elessar begin exploring and securing the Land of Shadow; Legolas assists the player in their exploration of the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]]. Afterwards, Legolas for a brief time returns home to his father's halls in [[Eryn Lasgalen]], where he introduces the player to [[Grimbeorn]]. He soon returns back to [[Minas Tirith]] for the wedding of Aragorn and [[Arwen]], after which he continues the exploration of the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]], eventually discovering the entrance to [[Shelob's Lair]].

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''
:[[Crispin Freeman]] plays Legolas, who is available as a Hero in several missions.<ref>http://groups.yahoo.com/group/crispin_freeman_fansite/message/9438</ref>

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Legolas can be found and talked to in Rivendell, he retains the appearance from the movies. While he provides insight into many events, interactions with him do not affect the main plot.

'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''
:Orlando Bloom reprised his role as Legolas in [[Peter Jackson]]'s adaptation of the Hobbit.<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/PeterJacksonNZ/posts/10150265634081558|articlename=Ten years ago,...|dated=27-May-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> Bloom was [[Wikipedia:de-aging in film|digitally de-aged]] to match his appearance as Legolas in ''Lord of the Rings'' 13 years ago.<ref>{{webcite|author=Mat Bradley-Tschirgi|articleurl=http://www.gamesradar.com/7-movie-actors-made-impossibly-young-by-cgi/|articlename=7 movie actors made impossibly young by CGI|website=[http://www.gamesradar.com/ GamesRadar]|accessed=30-May-2017}}</ref> He is one of the Elves who capture [[Thorin and Company]] who traverse Mirkwood. His company, including [[Tauriel]], were ordered by Thranduil to clean up the [[spider]] nests. As he examines [[Gloin]], he finds a locket with a picture of Gimli, his future friend, and comments on his ugliness. His father notices Legolas's affection for [[Tauriel]], which he doesn't approve because she is a pure Silvan-elf. However he joins her in pursuit of the pack of Orcs (led by [[Bolg]]) who are after [[Thorin]]. Thranduil and Legolas later interrogate [[Narzug]], a captured Orc. Alarmed by the news, Thranduil orders his Realm to be sealed from the outside world, but when Legolas hears that Tauriel has run after Kili, he leaves to find her.

'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''
:Legolas appears after the destruction of [[Lake-town]]. With Tauriel he goes to investigate the Orcs' armies in [[Gundabad]] where his mother was killed during an old battle, something about which his father never talks. He returns to the ruins of [[Dale]] where the [[Lake-men]] are regrouping. He participates in the [[Battle of Five Armies]] and goes with Tauriel to the [[Ravenhill]] to support [[Thorin]]. In order to save Tauriel from Bolg, he uses a mutilated [[Trolls|Troll]] to demolish an ancient tower and duels with Bolg. Bitter with his father's treatment towards Tauriel, he says that he won't return to Mirkwood; Thranduil advises him to go to [[Eriador|the North]] and find the [[Rangers of the North|Dúnedain]] and a young ranger called "[[Strider (Aragorn)|Strider]]." Before parting, Thranduil assures him that his mother loved him more than anything else.

==See also==
*[[Legolas/Disputes]]

{{references|n}}
{{councilofelrond}}{{fellowship}}{{FellowshipRoute}}
{{hobbitfilms}}{{lordoftheringsfilms}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Mariners]]
[[Category:Moriquendi]]
[[Category:Rulers in Middle-earth]]
[[Category:Silvan Elvish names]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Legolas (Thranduils Sohn)]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/standard/legolas]]
[[fi:Legolas]]

Celebrían

2024-08-18T00:19:17Z

DanielM99: modified pronunciation (e -> ɛ)

{{infobox character
| people=[[Sindar|Sinda]]
| image=Konstantin Grigorjev - Celebrian.jpg
| caption="Celebrian" by [[:Category:Images by Konstantin Grigorjev|Konstantin Grigorjev]]
| name=Celebrían
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[kɛlɛˈbriː.an]}}
| othernames=
| titles=Lady of [[Rivendell]]
| position=
| location=[[Eregion]], [[Rivendell|Imladris]], [[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{SA|300}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| sailedwest={{TA|2510}} (aged 5650)
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Elrond]]
| children=[[Elladan]], [[Elrohir]], [[Arwen]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Celebrían''' was an [[Elves|Elf]]-lady of [[Lothlórien]], the daughter of [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]. As the wife of [[Elrond]], she was also known as Lady of [[Rivendell]]. She was the mother of [[Arwen]] and the twins [[Elrohir]] and [[Elladan]]. Her daughter would later marry [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]], hero of the [[War of the Ring]], and become the Queen of the [[Reunited Kingdom]].

==History==
Celebrían was born early in the Second Age, likely in {{SA|300}}, when Galadriel refused to return to [[Eressëa]], and passed over the [[Blue Mountains|Mountains]].<ref name="Scales">{{NM|P1ix}}, p. 65</ref> Celebrían lived in [[Eregion]], and later moved to [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] with her mother in {{SA|1350}}. In {{SA|1701}}, she went to [[Rivendell]] with Galadriel searching for Celeborn, where she first met Lord Elrond, who loved her in secret.<ref name="Concerning">{{UT|Concerning}}, pp. 234, 240</ref> Centuries later they would marry, in {{TA|109}}. Their first children, the twins [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], were born in {{TA|130|n}}, and their daughter [[Arwen]] in {{TA|241|n}}.<ref name="Third">{{App|TA}}, pp. 1085, 1087</ref> She had inherited the [[Elfstone]] from her mother, which was later given to Arwen, her daughter.<ref>{{UT|Elessar}}, p. 251</ref>

[[File:Elena Kukanova - Elrond and Celebrían.jpg|left|200px|thumb|''Elrond and Celebrían'' by [[Elena Kukanova]]]]
In {{TA|2509}}, on a trip to [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] to visit her parents, she was waylaid by [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] in the [[Redhorn Pass]]. She was captured and tormented, receiving a poisoned wound. Her sons rescued her and she was physically healed by Elrond, but never fully recovered in mind or spirit, and no longer wished to stay in Middle-earth. She left for the [[Grey Havens]] and passed over the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] the following year.<ref name="Third" />

She was followed by Elrond and her mother Galadriel, who eventually took the [[White Ship]] in the end of the [[Third Age]] and also passed the [[Great Sea]] to the [[Undying Lands]],<ref>{{RK|Havens}}, p. 1029</ref> where all presumably reunited.

==Etymology==
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Celebrían.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
''Celebrían'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Silver-queen",<ref>{{L|345}}, p. 423</ref> from ''[[celeb]]'' ("silver") + ''rían'' ("queen"){{fact}}.

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | FRF |~|~|y|~|~| EAW | | | | | | | | GLN | | | | |FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]] ''b. {{YT}}''|GLN=[[Galadhon]] ''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL | | GLL | | |FRD=[[Finrod]] ''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''|ANG=[[Angrod]] ''d. {{FA|455}}''|AEG=[[Aegnor]] ''d. {{FA|455}}''|GAL=[[Galadriel]] ''b. {{YT|1362}}''|ELD=[[Eldalótë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]] ''b. {{FA}}''|GLL=[[Galathil]] ''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | ART |y| GRN |ORO=[[Orodreth]] ''d. {{FA|495}}''|CLB='''CELEBRÍAN''' ''b. {{SA|300}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]] ''b. {{FA|532}}''|ART=[[Arathorn II]] ''{{TA|2873}} - {{TA|2933|n}}''|GRN=[[Gilraen]] ''{{TA|2907}} - {{TA|3007|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | FIL | | GIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW |y| ARA | | |GIL=[[Gil-galad]] ''d. {{SA|3441}}''|FIL=[[Finduilas]][[Finduilas#Notes|NB]] ''{{FA|272}} - {{FA|495|n}}''|ELL=[[Elladan]] ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]] ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]] ''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''|ARA=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] ''{{TA|2931}} - {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EDN | | DAU | | |EDN=[[Eldarion]] ''{{FoA|1}} - {{FoA|220|n}}''|DAU=''unknown daughters''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
Tolkien tried to define the birth-year of Celebrían in different manuscripts, specially those dealing with chronology and Elven growth. Here are the dates of the [[Second Age]], presented in chronological order as Tolkien considered them: {{SA|300|n}} (circa),<ref>{{NM|P3xvi}}, p. 346</ref> 300 ("probably"),<ref name="Scales" /> 260 or {{SA|350|n}},<ref>{{NM|P1x}}, p. 73</ref> {{SA|850|n}} (a proposal while calculating her age),<ref>{{NM|P1xi}}, pp. 77, 79</ref> 9 (circa) or 45.<ref>{{NM|P1xviii}}, p. 149</ref>

In "[[Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn]]" (the only narrative dealing with a complete history of Middle-earth during the [[Second Age]]), both Celebrían and [[Amroth]] are children of Galadriel and Celeborn,<ref name="Concerning" /> but in later texts [[Tolkien]] gave Amroth a [[Sindar]]in origin.<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, p. 244</ref>

In the drafts of ''[[The Tale of Years]]'' of the Third Age, Elrond married Celebrían c. [[Third Age|T.A.]] 2500 and their children were born in the same century. In {{TA|2600}}, she was slain by Orcs instead of captured.<ref name="Tale">{{PM|VIII}}</ref>{{rp|226}} The marriage was later changed to 2300, and her capture and departure to 2509.<ref name="Tale" />{{rp|234–6}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Celebrían.jpg|thumb|right|Celebrían in ''The Lord of the Rings Online'']]
'''2019: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Celebrían was held captive at Shathur-munzu, an abandoned dwarven outpost of the fallen [[Khazad-dûm]].

:During the journey to [[Minas Tirith]] for her wedding, Lady [[Arwen]] wishes to visit the place where her mother was being held. She comes to Shathur-munzu in the company of Lady [[Galadriel]] and they speak of Celebrían and her fate together.

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Celebrian}}

[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:Moriquendi]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Celebrían]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:celebrian]]
[[fi:Celebrían]]

Varda

2024-08-18T00:11:59Z

DanielM99: added Sindarin pronunciation

{{Disambig-more|Elbereth|[[Elbereth (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Valar|Vala]]
| name=Varda
| image=NOLANOS - La Dama de las Estrellas.jpg
| caption="La Dama de las Estrellas" by [[:Category:Images by NOLANOS|NOLANOS]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈvarda ˌelenˈtaːri]}}
[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[’ɛlʲbɛrɛθ gilʲ'θoniɛlʲ]}}
| othernames=''Elbereth Gilthoniel'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Avradî'' ([[Adûnaic|A]])
| titles=Queen of the [[Valar]], Queen of the Stars, Lady of the Stars
| position=
| location=[[Ilmarin]], [[Taniquetil]]
| affiliation=[[Ilmarë]]
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Manwë]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|There Bredhil the Blessed  the bluemantled, the Lady of the heights  as lovely as the snow in lights gleaming,  of the legions of the stars, the cold immortal  Queen of mountains, too fair and terrible  too far and high for mortal eyes,  in Manwë's court...|[[The Flight of the Noldoli from Valinor]], vv. 45-50}}

'''Varda Elentári''', known in [[Sindarin]] as '''Elbereth Gilthoniel''', was a [[Valar|Valië]], one of the [[Aratar]], the wife of [[Manwë]] and Queen of the Valar.

==Attributes==
Varda knew all the regions of [[Eä]] and rejoiced in light. She was said to be too beautiful for words, as within her face radiated the light of [[Ilúvatar]]. [[Elves]] loved and revered her most of all the Valar because she created the stars, which the Elves beheld when they first awoke. They called upon her in their hours of deepest darkness.<ref name="vala" /> She appeared in shining white ''[[fana]]'' in visions to the Elves of [[Middle-earth]], and thus was called [[Fanuilos]] (Snow-white).<ref name="AElbereth">{{RGEO|7}}, p. 66</ref>

Her handmaiden was [[Ilmarë]], a Chief of the [[Maiar]].<ref>{{S|IIc}}</ref>

==History==
Before the [[Music of the Ainur]], Varda saw [[Melkor]]'s mind, and rejected him. Melkor feared and hated Varda the most out of all the Valar. In the beginning, Melkor had been unable to control light, which Varda was most associated with. When Manwë [[First War|contested]] with him for [[Arda]], Varda came from the deeps of Eä to his side.<ref name="vala">{{S|IIb}}</ref>
[[File:Jerrel Salvatierra - Varda, Lady of the Stars.jpg|left|thumb|''Varda, Lady of the Stars'' by [[:Category:Images by Jerrel Salvatierra|Jerrel Salvatierra]]]]
During the [[Spring of Arda]], she filled the [[Two Lamps]] with light. After their destruction at the hands of Melkor, Varda and the rest of the Ainur forsook the outer lands and removed to Aman.<ref>{{S|1}}</ref>

She resided with Manwë in [[Ilmarin]] and aided him in the rule of Arda. With her, Manwë saw beyond all eyes, through mist and darkness, and with him, Varda heard all voices from every corner of the world.<ref name="vala" /> In [[Valinor]], she kept the dews of the [[Two Trees]] in [[Wells of Varda|her Wells]]. When the Valar felt that the [[Awakening of the Elves]] was near, [[Mandos]] foretold that the Elves would see the stars first and how they would always look to Varda in reverence. Then Varda gazed the darkness in Middle-earth from Taniquetil and began the greatest work made by the Valar since their coming into Arda: taking the dew from the vats of [[Telperion]], she created new and brighter stars. She set many individual [[stars]], but also [[constellations]], the [[Sickle of the Valar]] among them. A long time took this labours, and once they were finished, the Elves awoke in Middle-earth and they beheld first the stars which Varda had made. For this, Varda was the Vala most loved and revered by the Elves.<ref name="Captivity">{{S|Captivity}}</ref>
[[File:Šárka Škorpíková - Vessels.jpg|thumb|''Vessels'' by [[:Category:Images by Šárka Škorpíková|Šárka Škorpíková]]]]
She also hallowed the [[Silmarils]] of [[Fëanor]] when he created them, so that any being or creature of evil could never handle them without being burned.<ref>{{S|7}}</ref>

After the [[Darkening of Valinor]], Varda was tasked once again with filling the world with a new light. Therefore she took the remaining flower of [[Telperion]] and the fruit of [[Laurelin]] and placed them in vessels made by [[Aulë]]. Varda bequeathed to them such light and power that they outshone the ancient stars. In doing so, she established the courses of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]]. Initially she purposed the Sun and the Moon to be in the sky together, but [[Irmo]] and [[Estë]] pointed out that she had deprived the world of night-time and the stars, which was still necessary for rest and sleep. Therefore Varda changed her counsel and altered the courses of the Sun so that it should spend a certain time hidden, allowing for the stars to be seen again.<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref>

At the decree of Manwë that [[Hiding of Valinor|Valinor was to be hidden]], Varda lifted her hands, palms eastward in a gesture of rejection, and summoned the vast mists and shadows that made it impossible for any living thing to find again the way westward to the shores of Valinor.<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}</ref>{{rp| 175}}

At the end of the [[First Age]], she placed [[Eärendil]] as a [[Star of Eärendil|star]] in the sky.<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

In [[Middle-earth]], she was revered by the Elves who called her name and sung hymns to her (such as the [[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]) and perhaps answered to prayers, even to [[Samwise Gamgee]].<ref>{{TT|Lair}}</ref> The very mention of her name was said to be deadly to evil spirits, such as when Frodo uttered the name in the presence of the Morgul Lord.

==Etymology==
''Varda'' is a [[Quenya]] name of [[Valarin]] origin meaning "Sublime",<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}, p. 402</ref> "Exalted"<ref name="Namarie">{{RGEO|5}}, p. 61</ref> or "Lofty".<ref>{{L|211}}, p. 282</ref> It comes from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''baradâ'', from the [[root]] [[BARAT|BARAD]], being actually a honorific title used as a name.<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, pp. 22, 65</ref>

In the early [[Qenya]], ''Varda'' comes from the same root as ''vard-'' ("rule, govern") or ''varni'' ("queen").<ref name="Varda">{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry "Varda"</ref>

==Other names==
*'''''Elbereth''''' her usual [[Sindarin]] name, being more or less equivalent to '''''Elentári''''' ("Star-Queen") in Quenya.<ref name="AElbereth">{{RGEO|7}}, p. 66</ref> ''Elbereth'' derives from Primitive Quendian *''[[elen]]-barathî'', being notable that ''[[bereth]]'' means "spouse", used for one who is "queen" of a king.<ref name="Elbereth">{{PE|Eldarin}}, pp. 22-23</ref>
*'''''Tintallë''''', given to her after she kindled new brighter stars with the dew of Telperion, meaning "Star-kindler"<ref name="Captivity" /> or "she that causes sparkling, kindles lights".<ref name="Namarie" /> Its cognates were '''''Gilthoniel''''' in Sindarin<ref name="Elbereth" /> and '''''Gimilnitîr''''' in [[Adûnaic]].<ref name="Adunaic">{{SD|3vi5}}, p. 428</ref>
*'''''Fanuilos''''', another Sindarin title, which is inadequately rendered as "Snow-white"<ref name="AElbereth">{{RGEO|7}}, p. 66</ref> or "Everwhite".<ref>{{L|211}}, p. 278</ref> Being a combination of ''[[fan]]'' ("white cloud, shape, vision") + ''Uilos'' (the Sindarin name for [[Oiolossë]]) would more precisely mean "Figure (bright and majestic) upon Uilos".<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 26</ref>
*'''''Avradî''''', her name in [[Adûnaic]].<ref name="Adunaic" />
*'''''Airë Tári''''', Quenya title for "Holy Queen".<ref name="Shibb">{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 363-364, note 45</ref>
*'''''Hîr Annûn''''',<ref>{{LB|4}}, p. 354</ref> another Sindarin title, which is unglossed, but it clearly means "Lady of the West".<ref>{{HM|GS}}, p. 211</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| MEL | | MAN |~| VAR | |MEL=[[Melkor]]|MAN=[[Manwë]]|VAR='''VARDA'''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===The Book of Lost Tales===
In the earliest version of the [[legendarium]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', she is called ''Varda'' in [[Qenya]], and '''''Bridhil''''' in [[Gnomish]].<ref name="Varda" /> Her main title "Queen of Stars" is rendered in Qenya as '''''Tinwetári''''', while its [[Gnomish]] cognates were '''''Tinturwin''''', '''''Timbridhil''''', '''''Gailbridh(n)ir'''''.<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry "Tinwetári"</ref> She is also called '''''Súlimi''''' as the wife of Manwë Súlimo, while both together are called '''''[[Wanwavoisi]]'''''.<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entry "Súlimo"</ref>

In narrative she is referred as Varda '''the Beautiful'''. She became the wife of Manwë, the Lord of the [[Gods]], and they had two [[Valarindi|children]]: [[Úrion]] and [[Erinti]].<ref>{{LT1|II}}, pp. 58-59</ref> During the [[Music of the Ainur]], she was the one who thought most on white and silver [[light]], and on stars. When she and Manwë entered the new world, they arose with wings of power that they gathered to travel through [[Vaitya]], [[Ilwë]] and [[Vilna]], the three airs. With them came many [[spirits]] of the airs that loved them, the [[Mánir]] and the [[Súruli]]. In those first days there were dispersed lights flowing through all the airs, and while she was playing in the sky, Varda set a few stars. When [[Aulë]] and [[Melko]] began making [[Two Lamps|two lamps]] to illuminate all the regions of the world, Manwë and Varda gathered a vast amount of the light, and kindled the lamps with it. After the lamps were destroyed and the Valar built their realm, Varda proposed to gather all the light that remained in the airs and spilled in the earth to make a beacon upon [[Taniquetil]], but instead the light was gathered in two cauldrons: [[Kulullin and Silindrin]]. To help [[Palúrien]] to make the [[Two Trees of Valinor]], two holes were opened next to the cauldrons and there were buried many magical things brought by the Valar, Varda contributing with a small star in the silver pit.<ref>{{LT1|III}}, pp. 65-66, 69-71</ref>

Years later, when Manwë informed her that the [[Awakening of the Elves|Elves had awoken]], Varda rose joyfully and went to [[Valmar]], where Aulë was working with a basin full of light from the silver cauldron. Hearing the news, the Vala struck his hammer, creating silver sparks. Then Varda took the sparks and mixed them with the light of the basin and molten silver. With this, she flew to the sky and set a lot of new stars of great glory and slumbering power, like [[Morwinyon]]. Later, during the council of the Valar, she supported the idea of the [[Eldar]] coming to Valinor, as she always had the greatest love for them.<ref>{{LT1|V}}, pp. 113-114, 117</ref>
[[File:Lída Holubová - Varda.jpg|thumb|''Varda'' by [[:Category:Images by Lída Holubová|Lída Holubová]]]]

===Later versions===
In his last conceptions for his legendarium, [[Tolkien]] considered that the solar system was already created when the Valar entered into Eä. Their power would be limited to [[Arda]] and therefore the Stars would not be of their concern. In this version Varda did not create the Stars, at least not in general, but her concern acquires a new dimension, as she is the keeper of the [[Light of Valinor|Primeval Light]].<ref name="Light">{{MR|P5II}}, pp. 375-377, 380-381</ref>

{{blockquote|Therefore Ilúvatar, at the entering of the Valar into Eä, added a theme to the [[Music of the Ainur|Great Song]] which was not in it at the first Singing, and he called one of the Ainur to him. Now this was that Spirit which afterwards became Varda (and taking female form became the spouse of Manwë). To Varda Ilúvatar said: 'I will give unto thee a parting gift. Thou shalt take into Eä a light that is holy, coming new from Me, unsullied by the thought and lust of Melkor, and with thee it shall enter into Eä, and be in Eä, but not of Eä.' Wherefore Varda is the most holy and revered of all the Valar, and those that name the light of Varda name the love of Eä that Eru has, and they are afraid, less only to the name of the One.}}

Later, after the [[First War]], Varda gave Ari ([[Arien]]) a portion of the blessed light to inhabit the Sun, but the Maia is ravished by Melkor and the blessed light was lost.<ref name="Light" /> However, the original light of the Sun and Moon had been used to kindle the Two Trees.<ref>{{MR|P5V}}, p. 390</ref>

Although Varda did not create the Stars, it is said that she designed the patterns of the main constellations as prophetic signs for the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. However, she is still called "Star-kindler", for she made a great dome above Valinor to protect the airs from the spirits of Melkor. This dome was a ''[[Nur-menel]]'' (lesser firmament), a simulacrum of the true firmament (''[[Tarmenel]]''), and had very bright stars.<ref>{{MR|P5}}, "[Text] III" and "[Text] IV", pp. 385-388</ref>

==Inspiration==
The Valar, being divine beings below the ultimate Creator, [[Ilúvatar]], are thought of as being the [[Middle-earth]] equivalent of angels;<ref>{{L|131}}</ref> it has therefore been suggested that Varda, in her role as the most loved and prayed-to Vala, may be an equivalent of the Virgin Mary in Tolkien's own Catholic faith.<ref>{{webcite|author=Lawrence Yuen|articleurl=https://themythpilgrim.com/2020/12/16/mary-in-lotr/|articlename=15: Mary in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings|dated=16 December 2020|website=The Myth Pilgrim|accessed=18 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Joseph Tuttle|articleurl=https://voyagecomics.com/2021/11/12/is-tolkiens-varda-the-best-representation-of-mary-in-middle-earth/#:~:text=In%20Tolkien%27s%20legendarium%2C%20she%20is,the%20text%20of%20The%20Silmarillion.|articlename=Is Tolkien’s “Varda” the best representation of Mary in Middle-Earth?|dated=12 November 2021|website=Voyage Comics (Blog)|accessed=18 March 2024}}</ref> Another suggestion is the goddess of wisdom, [[Wikipedia:Sophia (wisdom)|Sophia]], also associated with the stars.<ref>Rose Thomas, "Is Varda the Wisdom of Eru?", in ''[[Amon Hen 245|''Amon Hen'' 245]]'', pp. 15-16</ref>

{{References}}
{{Ainur}}
[[Category:Aratar]]
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Qenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Aman]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Varda]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/aratar/varda]]
[[fi:Varda]]

Glorfindel

2024-08-18T00:11:11Z

DanielM99: modified pronunciation (e -> ɛ)

{{infobox character
| people=[[Noldor|Noldo]]
| name=Glorfindel
| image=Venlian - Glorfindel Before the Storm.jpg
| caption="Glorfindel Before the Storm" by [[:Category:Images by Venlian|Venlian]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ɡlorˈfindɛlʲ]}}
| othernames=''Laurefindelë'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| titles=
| position=Chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]] (before re-embodiment)
| location=[[Aman]] ''Presumably'' [[Nevrast]] [[Gondolin]] [[Rivendell]] (after re-embodiment)
| affiliation=[[Turgon]] [[Elrond]] (after re-embodiment)
| language=[[Quenya]] [[Sindarin]] [[Westron]]
| birth=During the [[Years of the Trees]]
| birthlocation=[[Aman]]
| rule=
| death=* {{FA|510}} (around [[Midsummer]]<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, ''Text D2'', entry '''510''', p. 351</ref>)
| deathlocation=[[Cirith Thoronath]] (near [[Gondolin]]) * Was [[Incarnate#Elves|re-embodied]] before the end of the [[First Age]] and sent back to [[Middle-earth]] between {{SA|1200}} & {{SA|1600|n}}<ref name="PoME-LW"/>{{rp|382}}
| age=
| notablefor=* The slaying of a [[Balrog]] during the [[Fall of Gondolin]] * Returning to Middle-earth after being re-embodied
| house=[[House of the Golden Flower]] (before re-embodiment)
| parentage=Unknown (was said to have "''kinship with [[Turgon]]''")<ref name="PoME-LW"/>{{rp|380}}
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Golden (long)
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=[[Asfaloth]] (after re-embodiment)
}}
{{quote|Glorfindel was tall and straight; his hair was of shining gold, his face fair and young and fearless and full of joy; his eyes were bright and keen, and his voice like music; on his brow sat wisdom, and in his hand was strength.|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Many Meetings]]"}}

'''Glorfindel''' was one of the mightiest [[Elves]] of [[Middle-earth]]. During the [[First Age]], he was the lord of the [[House of the Golden Flower]] of [[Gondolin]], and died fighting a [[Balrog]]. After his re-embodiment, he was allowed to come back to Middle-earth in the [[Second Age]], acting as an emissary of the [[Valar]], on a similar mission to the [[Wizards|Istari]] who were to come several years later.

==History==
===Early history===
Glorfindel was born in [[Valinor]] sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]]. During the [[Exile of the Noldor]], he was of the host of [[Turgon]]. Glorfindel himself was reluctant; only for his allegiance and kinship with Turgon did he go, and had no part in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].<ref name="PoME-LW">{{PM|Last}}, "Glorfindel I & II"</ref>{{rp|380}}

===Life in Gondolin===
After the Return of the Noldor to [[Middle-earth]], Glorfindel's history is obscure. As a great follower of Turgon he was appointed chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]], one of the [[Twelve houses of the Gondothlim|noble houses]] of [[Gondolin]]. He was dearly loved by all the [[Gondolindrim]].

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel and Ecthelion.jpg|thumb|left|''Glorfindel and Ecthelion'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
He followed [[Turgon]] who surprisingly came to fight in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. When the war turned against the [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]], Turgon's and [[Fingon]]'s forces retreated to the [[Pass of Sirion]] with Glorfindel and [[Ecthelion]] guarding their flanks.<ref>{{S|20}}</ref>

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Glorfindel's Bane.jpg|thumb|right|''Glorfindel's Bane'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
In the year {{FA|510}},<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref> [[Morgoth]] sent a great force against Gondolin, resulting in the complete destruction of the city. The tale of this battle was well detailed in ''[[#Other versions of the legendarium|The Fall of Gondolin]]'', and long remembered by the elves. Glorfindel managed to escape the [[Fall of Gondolin]] with the [[Exiles of Gondolin|Exiles]], and after crossing [[Tumladen]] they reached the [[Cirith Thoronath]], a narrow pass between the mountains. There the survivors were attacked by an ambush of [[Orcs]] led by a [[Balrog]]. The [[Eagles]] came to help them, but Glorfindel fought the Balrog alone upon the pinnacle of a rock. Both died after falling in the abyss, and their duel is sung of by many songs. [[Thorondor]] rescued Glorfindel's body, and a cairn was raised, which remained there, covered by grass and yellow flowers, [[War of Wrath|until the world changed]].<ref>{{S|Gondolin}}</ref>

===Re-embodiment and return to Middle-earth===
Glorfindel's spirit passed to the [[Halls of Waiting]], where he waited with the spirits of the other Noldor who had died during their war against [[Morgoth]]. But because of Glorfindel's noble actions in life, his reluctance at the Exile, and his furthering of the purposes of the Valar by saving Tuor and Idril, Manwë allowed his re-embodiment after only a short time. Being already an Elda of great corporal and spiritual stature, in his new incarnated life his spiritual power was enhanced by his self-sacrifice. He lived in Valinor for many years in company of Eldar and [[Maiar]], and these spirits considered him an equal, as he was an incarnate. At some point, he became a follower of [[Olórin]], a Maia with special concern for Middle-earth.<ref name="PoME-LW" />{{rp|380–381}}

Eventually, [[Manwë]] sent him across the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Second Age]]. He possibly came as early as {{SA|1200}}, but more likely in {{SA|1600}},<ref name="PoME-LW" />{{rp|381–382}} at the same time as the [[Blue Wizards]].<ref>{{PM|XIII}}, "The Five Wizards", p. 384</ref> If he arrived in S.A. 1600, he arrived just after [[the One Ring]] had been forged, [[Barad-dûr]] built, and [[Celebrimbor]] dead or soon to be so. While the Blue Wizards were sent to the east, Glorfindel's mission was to aid [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] in the struggle against [[Sauron]].<ref name="PoME-LW" />{{rp|382}} He may have played a prominent behind-the-scenes role in the war in [[Eriador]] and the other struggles of the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]]. His part, though great, was mostly overlooked by the histories, because his immense, angelic power was not usually displayed openly.

===Third Age===
Over time, as the few remaining great Elves of Middle-earth took ship to Aman or fell one by one, only [[Galadriel]], [[Celeborn]], [[Elrond]], and [[Círdan]] were left of the Wise. Glorfindel took a more active role, leading the Elven forces in the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Upon the humiliation of [[Eärnur]] before the [[Witch-king]], Glorfindel bade him not pursue, and prophesied that the wraith would not fall by the hand of man.<ref>{{App|A1iv}}</ref> Not much can be said about his deeds and role in the events and struggles of the [[Westlands]] before the [[War of the Ring]].
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Glorfindel.jpg|thumb|''Glorfindel'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
During the War, he was one of the elves dispatched from [[Rivendell]] by Elrond to search for the [[Ring-bearer]]. Elrond had chosen him partially because Glorfindel did not fear the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], as he had great presence in both the [[Seen]] and [[Unseen]] worlds. While on his perilous mission the Ringwraiths avoided him; he met five of them, and they fled at his presence. It was Glorfindel indeed who accomplished his mission and found the Ringbearer, [[Frodo Baggins]], and his friend [[Aragorn]] with him. Glorfindel put Frodo on his horse, [[Asfaloth]], and upon the approach of the Ringwraiths ordered him to go on. The white horse bore Frodo to safety across the [[Ford of Bruinen]], but Frodo, in a rash act of attempted heroism, turned around at the other side and defied the Nine. Glorfindel, expecting the flood that protected Rivendell to come down and smite the riders, revealed his power to the Riders, and drove them (willingly or not) into the River, where they were swept away by the ensuing waters.<ref>{{FR|Flight}}</ref>

After this adventure, he helped bear Frodo to Rivendell, where the wounded Ringbearer was tended to. Glorfindel attended the [[Council of Elrond]], playing an active role in the conversation, speaking prophetically of [[Tom Bombadil]] and other matters with authority. Glorfindel stood beside Elrond and Gandalf as the backbone of the Council, laying out clearly their options. At first Glorfindel suggested that the Ring would be safe in the depths of the Sea, but the far-sighted Gandalf noted the change of landscapes, and the unforeseen possibilities that could bring the Ring forth once more in a hundred or even a thousand years in the future. He was briefly considered as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], but as his friend Gandalf said, Glorfindel's power would be of little use against the might of [[Mordor]], on a mission of secrecy.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

During the [[War of the Ring]] nothing is said of Glorfindel. Whatever his role, he survived and joined Elrond's company to the Wedding of Elessar.<ref>{{RK|Steward}}</ref> After that no more is said of him. Like Olórin, his task in Middle-earth was done, and the age of the [[Elves]] was over. He probably passed West, perhaps with the bearers of the [[Three Rings]] and [[the One Ring]]. Or he may have remained for a time in Middle-earth to oversee the cleanup after the war.

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Glorfindel.mp3|Ardamir}}
With the development of the [[Elvish]] languages, the name ''Glorfindel'' had different etymologies, ultimately meaning the same.

The early [[Gnomish]] conception meant "Goldtress" or "Goldlocks". At this stage of the legendarium, [[Tolkien]] considered many other variants, like ''Glorfinn'' or ''Glorfing''.<ref>{{LT2|Appendix}}, entry "Glorfindel"</ref> [[Qenya]] cognates were '''''Laurifindl''''' or '''''Kulufindl'''''.<ref>{{PE|13}}, p. 104</ref>

At the [[Noldorin]] stage, the name was composed of the words ''[[glaur]]'' ("gold") + ''findel/finnel'' ("braided hair"),<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "[[LAWAR]]", "SPIN"</ref> but it is not properly glossed.

In the final [[Sindarin]] conception, ''Glorfindel'' meant "Golden-hair", from ''glaur'' ("gold") + ''findel'' ("head of hair").<ref name="Eldarin">{{PE|17}}</ref>{{rp|17}} It was supposedly derived from the [[Quenya]] form '''''Laurefindelë'''''.<ref name="Eldarin" />{{rp|119}} Tolkien also created a [[Primitive Quendian]] version: ''Malaphindë'' ("Goldilocks"), which is mentioned as an ''[[anessë]]'' (a given name).<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 86</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| |}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | | | TUR |y| ELE | | | | GLO |GLO='''GLORFINDEL''' ''b. {{YT}}''|TUR=[[Turgon]] ''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|510}}''|ELE=[[Elenwë]] ''d. {{YT|1500}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | TUO |y| IDR | | | | | | | | |IDR=[[Idril]] ''b. {{YT}}''|TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. {{FA|472}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | EAR | | | | | | | | | | |EAR=[[Eärendil]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===Early legendarium===
====''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''====
The most detailed text about the deeds of Glorfindel during the Fall of Gondolin is the chapter "[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)|The Fall of Gondolin]]", in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]''. There he is described as the chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]], who bore a rayed sun upon their shields. He wore a mantle embroidered in threads of gold, decorated with celandine "as a field in spring", while his arms were [[Uncommon words#D|damascened]] with "cunning gold".<ref name="Gondolin">{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|173}}

Glorfindel witnessed the coming of [[Tuor]] and later the [[Fall of Gondolin]]. During the ensuing battle in the streets, Glorfindel chose (or was ordered) to hold the [[Great Market]] from the advancing [[Orcs]]. He attempted to flank them, taking the enemy by surprise, but was himself ambushed and surrounded. Cut off, the House of the Golden Flower fought on fiercely for hours, until a fire-breathing [[Dragons|dragon]] came and levelled their ranks. Glorfindel, with some of the strongest of his followers, cut his way out, but the survivors of that battle were very few. Even then they were pursued and might have all been killed, but the [[House of the Harp]] arrived in time, after rebelling from their treacherous leader [[Salgant]], ambushing their pursuers. The Golden Flower arrived at the [[Square of the King]], one of the last of the houses to be driven in.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|182}}

As many of the lords had fallen, [[Ecthelion]] was wounded, [[Galdor (elf of Gondolin)|Galdor]] was engaged, and [[Egalmoth]] had not yet arrived, Glorfindel joined Tuor in leading the defence of the King's Square. When Egalmoth arrived, bringing with him many women and children, he took over Glorfindel's job in going from place to place, strengthening the defences. Glorfindel presumably threw himself once more into the thick of the fight. But even he could not prevent a dragon from coming down from the [[Alley of Roses]], breaking through their lines. The dragon was accompanied by orcs and balrogs, among them [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]. Even Tuor was thrown down, but Ecthelion sacrificed himself to kill Gothmog and buy the Gondothlim a little more time.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|183–4}} After King Turgon ordered the survivors to follow Tuor, they fled southward, and Glorfindel held the rear manfully, losing many more of his House in the process.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|186}}

After they had escaped Gondolin via [[Idril's secret way]], and passed through the [[Cristhorn]], Glorfindel again held the rear with the largest number of the unwounded. It was at that time that a Balrog and a contingent of Orcs ambushed their company.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|192–3}} There Glorfindel saved the lives of the [[Exiles of Gondolin]] when he defied the Balrog:
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin.jpg|thumb|''Glorfindel and the Balrog above Gondolin'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]

{{blockquote|Then Glorfindel leapt forward upon him and his golden armour gleamed strangely in the moon, and he hewed at that demon that it leapt again upon a great boulder and Glorfindel after. Now there was a deadly combat upon that high rock above the folk; and these, pressed behind and hindered ahead, were grown so close that well nigh all could see, yet was it over ere Glorfindel's men could leap to his side. The ardour of Glorfindel drave that Balrog from point to point, and his mail fended him from its whip and claw. Now had he beaten a heavy swinge upon its iron helm, now hewn off the creature's whip-arm at the elbow. Then sprang the Balrog in the torment of his pain and fear full at Glorfindel, who stabbed like a dart of a snake; but he found only a shoulder, and was grappled, and they swayed to a fall upon the crag-top. Then Glorfindel's left hand sought a dirk, and this he thrust up that it pierced the Balrog's belly nigh his own face (for that demon was double his stature); and it shrieked, and fell backwards from the rock, and falling clutched Glorfindel's yellow locks beneath his cap, and those twain fell into the abyss.}}

The [[Noldoli]] still mourned the death of Glorfindel, and every time the [[Eldar]] saw a powerful fight between good and evil, they still said: "''Alas! 'Tis Glorfindel and the Balrog''". After the body of Glorfindel was recovered by Thorndor, Tuor allowed the folk of the Golden Flower to rise a cairn for him, there near the dangerous [[Thorn Sir]]. Despite being a unkindly place, yellow flowers grew upon the mound, and the place was always protected by Thorndor.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|194}}

====''[[The History of The Lord of the Rings]]''====
In a hasty note about the Council of Elrond, Tolkien suggested that Glorfindel could tell of his ancestry in Gondolin, but this idea was never developed.<ref name="Ancestry">{{RS|1XI}}, p. 214</ref>

Glorfindel was originally planned to be part of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], in a way taking the place of [[Legolas]].<ref>{{RS|4XXIII}}, pp. 397-8, 406</ref>

===Later legendarium===
====''[[The War of the Jewels]]''====
While composing the chapter about [[Maeglin]], [[Tolkien]] considered Glorfindel, [[Ecthelion]] and [[Egalmoth]] as the escort of Aredhel when she left the [[Gondolin|Hidden City]] in her way to visit [[Fingon]].<ref name="Maeglin" />{{rp|318}} However, in the published ''[[Silmarillion]]'', [[Christopher Tolkien]] didn't mention any of the escorts of Aredhel, based on a note in which his father discussed about the motives of Celegorm and Curufin of not sending any message to Gondolin about Aredhel. Tolkien decided that it was necessary ''not'' to name the most eminent and bravest chieftains as Aredhel's escort, as they would have sought for her beyond the [[Iant Iaur]].<ref name="Maeglin">{{WJ|Maeglin}}</ref>{{rp|328}}

====''[[Last Writings]]''====
Tolkien first suggested that Glorfindel returned to Middle-earth about {{TA|1000}}, with [[Gandalf]].<ref name="PoME-LW" />{{rp|377}} But he later realized that Glorfindel only could come ''before'' the end of the Second Age and the [[Drowning of Númenor]], as with the [[Changing of the World]] Aman was removed from the [[Circles of the World]] and no living embodied creature could return from there. This was directly decreed by [[Ilúvatar]] to favour the [[Dominion of Men]]. It seems improbable that Manwë would have obtained special permission and devised a way of transportation, as that would seem to give Glorfindel an excessive importance.<ref name="PoME-LW" />{{rp|381–2}}

As told above, Glorfindel might have come as early as {{SA|1200}} and the years following, or as late as {{SA|1600}}. Although Tolkien declared the first to be possible, he favoured the last as the most probable.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Glorfindel is rarely portrayed like in the book. His role in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is too small to be introduced and forgotten - he basically does little else beyond providing fast transport to Rivendell. In the more popular works, his role has been filled by another Elf.

===Glorfindel in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Glorfindel.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
File:BFME2 - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:Lego The Lord of the Rings The Video Game - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]''
</gallery>
'''1971: [[Sagan om Ringen (1971 film)|''Sagan om Ringen'' (1971 film)]]:'''
:This short Swedish adaptation of the first half of the Fellowship of the Ring is unusual among film adaptations in that shows Glorfindel fight the Nazgûl rather than have another character absorb his role.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:In this adaptation, the role of Glorfindel was taken by [[Legolas]]. In a simplification of that character, and as a reason for ''his'' coming, he is portrayed as an Elf of Rivendell rather than [[Mirkwood]].

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Glorfindel appears in his original role at the Last Bridge, voiced by [[John Webb]]. Because the part of [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]] was cut, the heavily wounded Frodo says the [[Quenya]] greeting ''[[Elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo]]'' to him, and Glorfindel replies with Gildor's answer. Glorfindel keeps his two [[Sindarin]] lines, ''[[A na vedui, Dúnadan!]]'' and ''[[Noro lim, noro lim, Asfaloth!]]'', though he says them with a heavy English accent. Glorfindel's role at the Council of Elrond is omitted. His name is pronounced correctly in the adaptation, but in the credits, his name is pronounced "Glorfindle".

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Glorfindel is a powerful playable character once [[the One Ring|the Ring]] passes the [[Last Bridge]], who leads the Fellowship to [[Rivendell]].

'''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''
:Glorfindel is played by Stefan Schwartz.

'''1996: ''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit: An Adventure Play''''':
:In this children's theater script by Edward Mast, the show opens with [[Bilbo Baggins]] putting on a shadow play for the audience of Glorfindel's battle with the Balrog at the Fall of Gondolin to establish his love of telling adventurous tales. The allure of having his own story just as adventurous, though hopefully with a less tragic end, plays a role in convincing Bilbo to join [[Thorin Oakenshield]]'s company.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:To limit the already large number of one-appearance characters, Glorfindel has been omitted in this adaptation as well. [[Peter Jackson]] decided to have [[Arwen]] meet the travellers and then ride on [[Asfaloth]].

'''2001: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Glorfindel is provided by Marián Zednikovič.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Glorfindel appears on the Last Bridge. He has several Sindarin lines: ''A na vedui, Dúnadan'', like in the book, and ''Mae govannen, mellon'' (which Frodo accurately translates as "Well met, friend"). He comes to the aid of the hobbits at the request of Elrond, who had received news from [[Gildor|a group of Elves travelling near the Shire]] - even though there is no mention of that group earlier in the gameplay. Glorfindel does so in a monotonous voice, and his speech continues without pause. He also uses the lines ''Noro lim, Asfaloth'', though he does not say them to his horse: he says them to Frodo. No actor is specified for this part.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:[[Decipher]] made two [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game|cards]] featuring extra [[Jarl Benzon]] as Glorfindel, one of them being at the Coronation of Elessar.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://scrapbook.theonering.net/scrapbook/movies/characters/other/view/12658|articlename=Glorfindel's Cameo in ROTK!|dated=|website=TORN|accessed=15 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070323204416/http://www.decipher.com/content/2004/04/040504lotrwetafalconer.html|articlename=The Making of the Weta "Book Cards": An Interview With Weta Workshop's Daniel Falconer|dated=5 April 2004|website=Decipher.com (archived)|accessed=15 October 2013}}</ref> He is briefly seen in the film at Aragorn's coronation when Arwen is revealed.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Glorfindel played an important part in this video game, set during the [[War of the Ring]]. Together with [[Glóin]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], Glorfindel fights in several places in northern [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion]]. He is voiced by [[Jason Carter]], and portrayed as white haired. His design was changed to a more movie-accurate version in the expansion pack, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|The Rise of the Witch-king]]''. He serves as narrator throughout, and appears in the story itself after the death of [[Arvedui]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Glorfindel is featured in an extended flashback sequence depicting the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. During this time, he is the leader of the Bright Company, a group of [[High Elves]] who fighting to rid [[Middle-earth]] of [[Sauron]]'s evil long before that war and who continue their duty long after.
:In the present day, Glorfindel can be found in Rivendell just south of the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]]. He is involved in the campaign against [[Angmar]] during the main story and also talks to the player after defeating the [[balrog]] Thaurlach. Glorfindel disappears in the final weeks of the [[War of the Ring]] and the player tracks him across Middle-Earth to summon him to the Council of Elf-Lords between [[Thranduil]], [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]. He joins the procession that escorts Lady [[Arwen]] to [[Minas Tirith]] for her wedding; along the way Glorfindel and [[Elrond]] assist [[Gandalf]] and the player in uncovering a mystery within the [[Gladden Fields]].

'''2012: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]'':'''
:Glorfindel is purchasable as an optional player character in DLC character pack 2 for use in free play and on the open world. He is portrayed with light tan hair (rather than yellow blond like Legolas), wears an outfit which is a mix of light blue robe parts and silver armour whilst wearing a light blue cape. He wields a bow of the Galadhrim and also carries a golden Elvish longsword (all Elvish longswords appear gold in the game). Glorfindel is one of the most proficient fighter characters in the game.

'''2022-24: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:According to the showrunners, Glorfindel will make an appearance in a later season of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.<ref>{{webcite|author=Adam B. Vary, Jordan Moreau, Jennifer Maas|articleurl=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/rings-of-power-season-2-trailer-sauron-comic-con-1236080231/|articlename=‘Rings of Power’ Season 2 Trailer: A New Fellowship Forms to Battle Sauron in ‘Lord of the Rings’ Prequel|dated=26 July 2024|website=[https://variety.com Variety]|accessed=}}</ref>

==Collectibles==
[[Gentle Giant]] produced a ''Glorfindel Mini Bust'' for [[Comic-Con 2007]], based on Glorfindel's appearance in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|EA's ''The Battle for Middle-earth II'']].

{{References}}
{{councilofelrond}}
{{HousesofGondolin}}
[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gnomish names]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Noldorin names]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Glorfindel]]
[[fi:Glorfindel]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/glorfindel]]

Lúthien

2024-08-17T23:00:39Z

DanielM99: edited pronunciation. "ie" is not a diphthong in Sindarin. indicated the palatalization of the final "l".

{{disambig-more|Lúthien|[[Lúthien (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Sindar|Sinda]]
| name=Lúthien
| image=Aerankai - Lúthien.jpg
| caption="Lúthien" by [[:Category:Images by Aerankai|Aerankai]]
| pronun={{IPA|ˈluː.θi.en tiˈ.nuː.vi.elʲ}}
| othernames=''Tinúviel'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Tindómerel'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| titles=Princess of Doriath Lady of [[Tol Galen]]
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]] [[Tol Galen]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]] [[Taliska]]
| birth={{YT|1200}}
| birthlocation=[[Forest of Neldoreth]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|467}}
| deathlocation=[[Doriath]] Returned to life, final death: {{FA|503}} (aged c. 3,377) [[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]]
| age=c. 3,341<ref group="note">[[Years of the Sun]]. Each [[Years of the Trees|Year of the Trees]] is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the [[Year of the Trees 1500|year 1500]].</ref>
| notablefor=Aiding [[Beren]] to retrieve a [[Silmaril]] from [[Iron Crown|Morgoth's Crown]] Being granted the [[Gift of Ilúvatar]]
| house=
| parentage=[[Thingol]] ([[Elf]]) and [[Melian]] ([[Ainu]])
| siblings=[[Túrin]] (foster-brother)
| spouse=[[Beren]]
| children=[[Dior]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>
| clothing=Blue raiment, sewn with golden flowers; shadowy cloak; appearance of [[Thuringwethil]]<ref name="Beren"/>
| weapons=Voice, enchantment
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}
{{quote|Her robe was blue as summer skies, but grey as evening were her eyes; 'twas sewn with golden lilies fair, but dark as shadow was her hair.|''[[Lay of Leithian]]'', [[Lay of Leithian Canto I|Canto I]], vv.27-30}}

'''Lúthien Tinúviel''' was the only daughter of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and [[Melian]] the [[Maia]]. She was said to be the fairest maiden amongst all the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] to have ever lived, a beauty that would appear again only millennia later on [[Arwen]]. She wedded [[Beren]], a [[Men|Man]], with whom she shared the fate of [[mortality]].

==History==
[[File:Alice Falto - Birth of Luthien.jpg|thumb|left|''Birth of Luthien'' by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]]]
Lúthien was born during the [[Years of the Trees]] of the [[First Age]], at the end of the first age of the [[Chaining of Melkor]]. She was born in the [[Forest of Neldoreth]] under the [[stars]], and [[niphredil]] first grew at the moment of her birth.<ref>{{GA|17}}</ref>

She would often dance in the woods, while her friend [[Daeron]], the minstrel of Thingol, would play his flute. Daeron came to love her, and while she enjoyed his company, she did not return his love.<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>

===Quest for the Silmaril===
{{Main|Quest for the Silmaril}}
During such an occasion she was discovered by [[Beren]] as he wandered the woods of her father's kingdom, and instantly fell in love with her. Daeron chirped out a warning, and she hid. While he searched for her, he accidentally laid his hand on her arm. He caught her alone some months later, and they grew to love one another. When Lúthien took Beren before her father, he was appalled that his royal daughter should wish to wed a mortal, and as is recounted in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' so set Beren what he thought was an unachievable task, to recover a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of [[Morgoth]] himself. So Beren left Doriath in pursuit of his hopeless quest.
[[File:Elena Kukanova - Encounter of Beren and Luthien.jpg|left|thumb|''Encounter of Beren and Luthien'' by [[Elena Kukanova]]]]
After a time, a darkness fell on Lúthien's heart, and she learned from her mother Melian what this meant; Beren had been captured by [[Sauron]], and was held in the dungeons of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Though Thingol sought to stop her, Lúthien set out from Doriath to rescue Beren, if she could. Passing through many adventures, she gained the help of [[Huan the Hound]], and together they came to [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth|Sauron's Isle]]. She nearly fell to the force of Sauron's hatred alone, but through her magic and Huan's strength they defeated Sauron and rescued Beren. Eventually Beren set out for [[Angband]] once again, but this time Lúthien accompanied him.
[[File:Alan Lee - fluttering before his eyes, she wound a mazy-wingéd dance.jpg|thumb|''Fluttering before his eyes, she wound a mazy-wingéd dance'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
Through Lúthien's powers, they passed the gates of Angband, and the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] that guarded them. Coming before the Dark Throne itself, Morgoth prepared to have both of them captured and killed, but Lúthien wove a spell and conducted a dance that put even Morgoth and his court into a deep sleep, and Beren cut a Silmaril from the Iron Crown. Returning to the gates, they found that Carcharoth barred their escape. Lúthien had been drained of her strength after putting the slumber over Angband and could not fight against the werewolf. Beren held up the hallowed jewel to protect them, but the monstrous wolf bit off his hand and, with it, consumed the Silmaril. But the Silmarils were blessed by [[Varda]] herself, so that any unclean flesh that touched them would be withered and burnt. The wolf's innards were consumed with that burning, and it ran howling into the south. Before the servants of Morgoth awakening beneath the mountains could pursue them, three [[Great Eagles]] came to the aid of Beren and Lúthien, bearing them away from [[Thangorodrim]].

Lúthien healed Beren, and they came at last back to her father's halls at [[Menegroth]]. There they heard tidings that the maddened wolf had entered Thingol's realm, and Beren set out with the King to the [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. After nightfall they returned; the wolf was slain and the Silmaril recovered, but Beren and Huan both were wounded mortally. Both passed away shortly after returning, and soon after Lúthien too wasted of grief.<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>

===Aftermath and death===
[[File:Tuuliky - The Death.jpg|thumb|left|''The Death'' by [[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]]]]
Their spirits were gathered in the [[Halls of Mandos]] in the [[Uttermost West]], and there Lúthien sang a song of such extraordinary power and beauty that it moved even the implacable heart of [[Mandos]] himself. So she was granted a unique fate, to become mortal and return to [[Middle-earth]] with Beren, where they dwelt for a time in happiness on the green island of [[Tol Galen]] in the River [[Adurant]].<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref> The lands surrounding the isle were later known as [[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]], "Land of the Dead that Live".<ref>{{S|20}}</ref>

After the destruction of [[Doriath]] Beren participated in battle for the last time. He ambushed the routed [[dwarves]], and in the process also acquired the Silmaril he once took from Morgoth's crown. He brought the Silmaril, which was inside the [[Nauglamir]], to Lúthien, and she wore it until the day she and Beren died of old age. It is said that their deaths came quicker than expected because of the Silmaril. After their death, the Silmaril was passed to their son [[Dior]], which caused the [[Second Kinslaying]].<ref>{{S|22}}</ref>

===Final death===
Among the Children of [[Ilúvatar]] the final death of Beren and Lúthien is accounted in {{FA|503}} for in that year Dior received the Silmaril in Doriath, and it was taken as a sign of his parents' death.<ref name="TL351">{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351. Cf. ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Ruin of Doriath]]"</ref> In truth the date of their death is unknown, for none saw them leave the world or marked where their bodies lay.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 305-306</ref>

==Etymology==
''Lúthien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Daughter of Flowers". The first element in the name is ''[[lúth]]'' ("blossom, inflorescence").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 15</ref> The second element is the feminine suffix ''[[-ien]]'' ("daughter").

In early writings, [[Doriathrin]] ''Luthien'' and [[Noldorin]] ''Lhūthien'' meant "enchantress", deriving from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''luktiēnē'' ("enchantress"; from [[Sundocarme|root]] ''LUK'' "magic, enhantement").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "LUK"</ref>

''[[Tinúviel]]'' (from Primitive Quendian ''tindōmiselde'') means "Nightingale", or, more literally, "Daughter of Twilight".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "SEL-D"</ref><ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 73</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | ELU |y| MEL | | BEO | | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|BEO=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT='''LÚTHIEN'''|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO=[[Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELU |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELU=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| ELR | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Inspiration==
Lúthien was largely inspired from [[Edith Bratt]] and when she died, Tolkien asked his son [[Christopher Tolkien|Christopher]] to include ''Lúthien'' in her gravestone, as he considered her "my Lúthien."<ref>{{L|340}}, p. 420</ref>

{{blockquote|I never called Edith 'Lúthien' – but she was the source of the story that in time became the chief pan of the Silmarillion. It was first conceived in a small woodland glade filled with hemlocks at Roos in Yorkshire (where I was for a brief time in command of an outpost of the Humber Garrison in [[1917]], and she was able to live with me for a while). In those days her hair was raven, her skin clear, her eyes brighter than you have seen them, and she could sing – and dance. But the story has gone crooked, & I am left, and I cannot plead before the inexorable Mandos.|[[Letter 340]]}}

The tale also shares the common element of folktales with the disapproving parent who sets a seemingly impossible task for the suitor, which is then fulfilled. The Welsh tale of [[Wikipedia:Culhwch and Olwen|Culhwch and Olwen]] is one such story.

The travel of Lúthien to Mandos and softening Námo with her song, in order to release her beloved, is a usual theme in mythology and religion: the Greek tale (as told by Ovid) of [[Wikipedia:Orpheus and Eurydice|Orpheus and Eurydice]] (see also the poem ''[[Sir Orpheo]]'', a medieval retale), the Japanese myth of [[Wikipedia:Izanagi|Izanagi and Izanami]], the Akkadian version of the Sumerian myth of [[Wikipedia:Inanna#Descent into the Underworld|Inanna's descent to the Underworld]], the Mayan myth of Ix Chel and Itzamna or the Indian legend of [[Wikipedia:Savitri and Satyavan|Savitri and Satyavan]].

==Other versions of the legendarium==
[[File:Alan Lee - Tevildo and Tinúviel.jpg|thumb|''Tevildo and Tinúviel'' by [[Alan Lee]].]]
When the story of her love with Beren first appeared in the ''[[Lost Tales]]'', ''Tinúviel'' was her birth name and [[Daeron|Dairon]] was her brother.<ref>{{LT2|I}}, p. 41</ref> The idea that the name ''Tinúviel'' was given to her by Beren emerged in the early ''[[Lays of Beleriand]]'', along with her birth name ''Lúthien'' (although at first Tolkien tentatively gave her the birth name of ''[[Melilot Brandybuck#Other versions of the legendarium|Melilot]]'').<ref>{{LB|3}}, pp. 159, 179-180</ref>

In a crossed out note, her brother was [[Tinfang Warble|Timpinen]] and the two "returned to the Eldar" while their father never did.<ref>{{LT1|IVn}}, note 1</ref>

In some of the earlier writings, the story of Beren and Tinúviel was slightly different. Instead of encountering Sauron on Tol Sirion, Tinúviel rescued her lover from the hands of [[Tevildo]], Prince of Cats. [[Tevildo]], however, was written out of the plot, and replaced with Sauron.<ref>{{BL|Noldorinwa}}, pp. 57-68</ref>

Before this name was assigned to the elf-maid, the name ''Lúthien'' was connected with ''[[Luthany]]'', the Elfin name for England.<ref name="Aelfwine">{{LT2|VI}}</ref>{{rp|313}} In several very early drafts of unfinished stories, ''Lúthien'' was the Elfin name of [[Ælfwine]], translated first as "wanderer" and later as "friend".<ref name="Aelfwine" />{{rp|301–304}}

==See also==
*[[Song of Beren and Lúthien]]

{{references|notes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luthien}}

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Elwë]]
[[Category:Ilkorin names]]
[[Category:Moriquendi]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

[[de:Lúthien]]
[[fi:Lúthien]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/luthien]]

Glorfindel

2024-08-17T21:19:59Z

DanielM99: Modified the pronunciation to indicate that the final "l" is palatalized (lʲ)

{{infobox character
| people=[[Noldor|Noldo]]
| name=Glorfindel
| image=Venlian - Glorfindel Before the Storm.jpg
| caption="Glorfindel Before the Storm" by [[:Category:Images by Venlian|Venlian]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ɡlorˈfindelʲ]}}
| othernames=''Laurefindelë'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| titles=
| position=Chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]] (before re-embodiment)
| location=[[Aman]] ''Presumably'' [[Nevrast]] [[Gondolin]] [[Rivendell]] (after re-embodiment)
| affiliation=[[Turgon]] [[Elrond]] (after re-embodiment)
| language=[[Quenya]] [[Sindarin]] [[Westron]]
| birth=During the [[Years of the Trees]]
| birthlocation=[[Aman]]
| rule=
| death=* {{FA|510}} (around [[Midsummer]]<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, ''Text D2'', entry '''510''', p. 351</ref>)
| deathlocation=[[Cirith Thoronath]] (near [[Gondolin]]) * Was [[Incarnate#Elves|re-embodied]] before the end of the [[First Age]] and sent back to [[Middle-earth]] between {{SA|1200}} & {{SA|1600|n}}<ref name="PoME-LW"/>{{rp|382}}
| age=
| notablefor=* The slaying of a [[Balrog]] during the [[Fall of Gondolin]] * Returning to Middle-earth after being re-embodied
| house=[[House of the Golden Flower]] (before re-embodiment)
| parentage=Unknown (was said to have "''kinship with [[Turgon]]''")<ref name="PoME-LW"/>{{rp|380}}
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Golden (long)
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=[[Asfaloth]] (after re-embodiment)
}}
{{quote|Glorfindel was tall and straight; his hair was of shining gold, his face fair and young and fearless and full of joy; his eyes were bright and keen, and his voice like music; on his brow sat wisdom, and in his hand was strength.|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Many Meetings]]"}}

'''Glorfindel''' was one of the mightiest [[Elves]] of [[Middle-earth]]. During the [[First Age]], he was the lord of the [[House of the Golden Flower]] of [[Gondolin]], and died fighting a [[Balrog]]. After his re-embodiment, he was allowed to come back to Middle-earth in the [[Second Age]], acting as an emissary of the [[Valar]], on a similar mission to the [[Wizards|Istari]] who were to come several years later.

==History==
===Early history===
Glorfindel was born in [[Valinor]] sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]]. During the [[Exile of the Noldor]], he was of the host of [[Turgon]]. Glorfindel himself was reluctant; only for his allegiance and kinship with Turgon did he go, and had no part in the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]].<ref name="PoME-LW">{{PM|Last}}, "Glorfindel I & II"</ref>{{rp|380}}

===Life in Gondolin===
After the Return of the Noldor to [[Middle-earth]], Glorfindel's history is obscure. As a great follower of Turgon he was appointed chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]], one of the [[Twelve houses of the Gondothlim|noble houses]] of [[Gondolin]]. He was dearly loved by all the [[Gondolindrim]].

[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel and Ecthelion.jpg|thumb|left|''Glorfindel and Ecthelion'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]
He followed [[Turgon]] who surprisingly came to fight in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. When the war turned against the [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]], Turgon's and [[Fingon]]'s forces retreated to the [[Pass of Sirion]] with Glorfindel and [[Ecthelion]] guarding their flanks.<ref>{{S|20}}</ref>

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Glorfindel's Bane.jpg|thumb|right|''Glorfindel's Bane'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
In the year {{FA|510}},<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref> [[Morgoth]] sent a great force against Gondolin, resulting in the complete destruction of the city. The tale of this battle was well detailed in ''[[#Other versions of the legendarium|The Fall of Gondolin]]'', and long remembered by the elves. Glorfindel managed to escape the [[Fall of Gondolin]] with the [[Exiles of Gondolin|Exiles]], and after crossing [[Tumladen]] they reached the [[Cirith Thoronath]], a narrow pass between the mountains. There the survivors were attacked by an ambush of [[Orcs]] led by a [[Balrog]]. The [[Eagles]] came to help them, but Glorfindel fought the Balrog alone upon the pinnacle of a rock. Both died after falling in the abyss, and their duel is sung of by many songs. [[Thorondor]] rescued Glorfindel's body, and a cairn was raised, which remained there, covered by grass and yellow flowers, [[War of Wrath|until the world changed]].<ref>{{S|Gondolin}}</ref>

===Re-embodiment and return to Middle-earth===
Glorfindel's spirit passed to the [[Halls of Waiting]], where he waited with the spirits of the other Noldor who had died during their war against [[Morgoth]]. But because of Glorfindel's noble actions in life, his reluctance at the Exile, and his furthering of the purposes of the Valar by saving Tuor and Idril, Manwë allowed his re-embodiment after only a short time. Being already an Elda of great corporal and spiritual stature, in his new incarnated life his spiritual power was enhanced by his self-sacrifice. He lived in Valinor for many years in company of Eldar and [[Maiar]], and these spirits considered him an equal, as he was an incarnate. At some point, he became a follower of [[Olórin]], a Maia with special concern for Middle-earth.<ref name="PoME-LW" />{{rp|380–381}}

Eventually, [[Manwë]] sent him across the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Second Age]]. He possibly came as early as {{SA|1200}}, but more likely in {{SA|1600}},<ref name="PoME-LW" />{{rp|381–382}} at the same time as the [[Blue Wizards]].<ref>{{PM|XIII}}, "The Five Wizards", p. 384</ref> If he arrived in S.A. 1600, he arrived just after [[the One Ring]] had been forged, [[Barad-dûr]] built, and [[Celebrimbor]] dead or soon to be so. While the Blue Wizards were sent to the east, Glorfindel's mission was to aid [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] in the struggle against [[Sauron]].<ref name="PoME-LW" />{{rp|382}} He may have played a prominent behind-the-scenes role in the war in [[Eriador]] and the other struggles of the [[Second Age]] and [[Third Age]]. His part, though great, was mostly overlooked by the histories, because his immense, angelic power was not usually displayed openly.

===Third Age===
Over time, as the few remaining great Elves of Middle-earth took ship to Aman or fell one by one, only [[Galadriel]], [[Celeborn]], [[Elrond]], and [[Círdan]] were left of the Wise. Glorfindel took a more active role, leading the Elven forces in the [[Battle of Fornost]]. Upon the humiliation of [[Eärnur]] before the [[Witch-king]], Glorfindel bade him not pursue, and prophesied that the wraith would not fall by the hand of man.<ref>{{App|A1iv}}</ref> Not much can be said about his deeds and role in the events and struggles of the [[Westlands]] before the [[War of the Ring]].
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Glorfindel.jpg|thumb|''Glorfindel'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
During the War, he was one of the elves dispatched from [[Rivendell]] by Elrond to search for the [[Ring-bearer]]. Elrond had chosen him partially because Glorfindel did not fear the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], as he had great presence in both the [[Seen]] and [[Unseen]] worlds. While on his perilous mission the Ringwraiths avoided him; he met five of them, and they fled at his presence. It was Glorfindel indeed who accomplished his mission and found the Ringbearer, [[Frodo Baggins]], and his friend [[Aragorn]] with him. Glorfindel put Frodo on his horse, [[Asfaloth]], and upon the approach of the Ringwraiths ordered him to go on. The white horse bore Frodo to safety across the [[Ford of Bruinen]], but Frodo, in a rash act of attempted heroism, turned around at the other side and defied the Nine. Glorfindel, expecting the flood that protected Rivendell to come down and smite the riders, revealed his power to the Riders, and drove them (willingly or not) into the River, where they were swept away by the ensuing waters.<ref>{{FR|Flight}}</ref>

After this adventure, he helped bear Frodo to Rivendell, where the wounded Ringbearer was tended to. Glorfindel attended the [[Council of Elrond]], playing an active role in the conversation, speaking prophetically of [[Tom Bombadil]] and other matters with authority. Glorfindel stood beside Elrond and Gandalf as the backbone of the Council, laying out clearly their options. At first Glorfindel suggested that the Ring would be safe in the depths of the Sea, but the far-sighted Gandalf noted the change of landscapes, and the unforeseen possibilities that could bring the Ring forth once more in a hundred or even a thousand years in the future. He was briefly considered as a member of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], but as his friend Gandalf said, Glorfindel's power would be of little use against the might of [[Mordor]], on a mission of secrecy.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

During the [[War of the Ring]] nothing is said of Glorfindel. Whatever his role, he survived and joined Elrond's company to the Wedding of Elessar.<ref>{{RK|Steward}}</ref> After that no more is said of him. Like Olórin, his task in Middle-earth was done, and the age of the [[Elves]] was over. He probably passed West, perhaps with the bearers of the [[Three Rings]] and [[the One Ring]]. Or he may have remained for a time in Middle-earth to oversee the cleanup after the war.

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Glorfindel.mp3|Ardamir}}
With the development of the [[Elvish]] languages, the name ''Glorfindel'' had different etymologies, ultimately meaning the same.

The early [[Gnomish]] conception meant "Goldtress" or "Goldlocks". At this stage of the legendarium, [[Tolkien]] considered many other variants, like ''Glorfinn'' or ''Glorfing''.<ref>{{LT2|Appendix}}, entry "Glorfindel"</ref> [[Qenya]] cognates were '''''Laurifindl''''' or '''''Kulufindl'''''.<ref>{{PE|13}}, p. 104</ref>

At the [[Noldorin]] stage, the name was composed of the words ''[[glaur]]'' ("gold") + ''findel/finnel'' ("braided hair"),<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "[[LAWAR]]", "SPIN"</ref> but it is not properly glossed.

In the final [[Sindarin]] conception, ''Glorfindel'' meant "Golden-hair", from ''glaur'' ("gold") + ''findel'' ("head of hair").<ref name="Eldarin">{{PE|17}}</ref>{{rp|17}} It was supposedly derived from the [[Quenya]] form '''''Laurefindelë'''''.<ref name="Eldarin" />{{rp|119}} Tolkien also created a [[Primitive Quendian]] version: ''Malaphindë'' ("Goldilocks"), which is mentioned as an ''[[anessë]]'' (a given name).<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 86</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| |}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | | | TUR |y| ELE | | | | GLO |GLO='''GLORFINDEL''' ''b. {{YT}}''|TUR=[[Turgon]] ''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|510}}''|ELE=[[Elenwë]] ''d. {{YT|1500}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | TUO |y| IDR | | | | | | | | |IDR=[[Idril]] ''b. {{YT}}''|TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. {{FA|472}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | EAR | | | | | | | | | | |EAR=[[Eärendil]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===Early legendarium===
====''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''====
The most detailed text about the deeds of Glorfindel during the Fall of Gondolin is the chapter "[[The Fall of Gondolin (chapter)|The Fall of Gondolin]]", in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]''. There he is described as the chief of the [[House of the Golden Flower]], who bore a rayed sun upon their shields. He wore a mantle embroidered in threads of gold, decorated with celandine "as a field in spring", while his arms were [[Uncommon words#D|damascened]] with "cunning gold".<ref name="Gondolin">{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|173}}

Glorfindel witnessed the coming of [[Tuor]] and later the [[Fall of Gondolin]]. During the ensuing battle in the streets, Glorfindel chose (or was ordered) to hold the [[Great Market]] from the advancing [[Orcs]]. He attempted to flank them, taking the enemy by surprise, but was himself ambushed and surrounded. Cut off, the House of the Golden Flower fought on fiercely for hours, until a fire-breathing [[Dragons|dragon]] came and levelled their ranks. Glorfindel, with some of the strongest of his followers, cut his way out, but the survivors of that battle were very few. Even then they were pursued and might have all been killed, but the [[House of the Harp]] arrived in time, after rebelling from their treacherous leader [[Salgant]], ambushing their pursuers. The Golden Flower arrived at the [[Square of the King]], one of the last of the houses to be driven in.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|182}}

As many of the lords had fallen, [[Ecthelion]] was wounded, [[Galdor (elf of Gondolin)|Galdor]] was engaged, and [[Egalmoth]] had not yet arrived, Glorfindel joined Tuor in leading the defence of the King's Square. When Egalmoth arrived, bringing with him many women and children, he took over Glorfindel's job in going from place to place, strengthening the defences. Glorfindel presumably threw himself once more into the thick of the fight. But even he could not prevent a dragon from coming down from the [[Alley of Roses]], breaking through their lines. The dragon was accompanied by orcs and balrogs, among them [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]. Even Tuor was thrown down, but Ecthelion sacrificed himself to kill Gothmog and buy the Gondothlim a little more time.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|183–4}} After King Turgon ordered the survivors to follow Tuor, they fled southward, and Glorfindel held the rear manfully, losing many more of his House in the process.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|186}}

After they had escaped Gondolin via [[Idril's secret way]], and passed through the [[Cristhorn]], Glorfindel again held the rear with the largest number of the unwounded. It was at that time that a Balrog and a contingent of Orcs ambushed their company.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|192–3}} There Glorfindel saved the lives of the [[Exiles of Gondolin]] when he defied the Balrog:
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Glorfindel and the Balrog Above Gondolin.jpg|thumb|''Glorfindel and the Balrog above Gondolin'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]

{{blockquote|Then Glorfindel leapt forward upon him and his golden armour gleamed strangely in the moon, and he hewed at that demon that it leapt again upon a great boulder and Glorfindel after. Now there was a deadly combat upon that high rock above the folk; and these, pressed behind and hindered ahead, were grown so close that well nigh all could see, yet was it over ere Glorfindel's men could leap to his side. The ardour of Glorfindel drave that Balrog from point to point, and his mail fended him from its whip and claw. Now had he beaten a heavy swinge upon its iron helm, now hewn off the creature's whip-arm at the elbow. Then sprang the Balrog in the torment of his pain and fear full at Glorfindel, who stabbed like a dart of a snake; but he found only a shoulder, and was grappled, and they swayed to a fall upon the crag-top. Then Glorfindel's left hand sought a dirk, and this he thrust up that it pierced the Balrog's belly nigh his own face (for that demon was double his stature); and it shrieked, and fell backwards from the rock, and falling clutched Glorfindel's yellow locks beneath his cap, and those twain fell into the abyss.}}

The [[Noldoli]] still mourned the death of Glorfindel, and every time the [[Eldar]] saw a powerful fight between good and evil, they still said: "''Alas! 'Tis Glorfindel and the Balrog''". After the body of Glorfindel was recovered by Thorndor, Tuor allowed the folk of the Golden Flower to rise a cairn for him, there near the dangerous [[Thorn Sir]]. Despite being a unkindly place, yellow flowers grew upon the mound, and the place was always protected by Thorndor.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|194}}

====''[[The History of The Lord of the Rings]]''====
In a hasty note about the Council of Elrond, Tolkien suggested that Glorfindel could tell of his ancestry in Gondolin, but this idea was never developed.<ref name="Ancestry">{{RS|1XI}}, p. 214</ref>

Glorfindel was originally planned to be part of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], in a way taking the place of [[Legolas]].<ref>{{RS|4XXIII}}, pp. 397-8, 406</ref>

===Later legendarium===
====''[[The War of the Jewels]]''====
While composing the chapter about [[Maeglin]], [[Tolkien]] considered Glorfindel, [[Ecthelion]] and [[Egalmoth]] as the escort of Aredhel when she left the [[Gondolin|Hidden City]] in her way to visit [[Fingon]].<ref name="Maeglin" />{{rp|318}} However, in the published ''[[Silmarillion]]'', [[Christopher Tolkien]] didn't mention any of the escorts of Aredhel, based on a note in which his father discussed about the motives of Celegorm and Curufin of not sending any message to Gondolin about Aredhel. Tolkien decided that it was necessary ''not'' to name the most eminent and bravest chieftains as Aredhel's escort, as they would have sought for her beyond the [[Iant Iaur]].<ref name="Maeglin">{{WJ|Maeglin}}</ref>{{rp|328}}

====''[[Last Writings]]''====
Tolkien first suggested that Glorfindel returned to Middle-earth about {{TA|1000}}, with [[Gandalf]].<ref name="PoME-LW" />{{rp|377}} But he later realized that Glorfindel only could come ''before'' the end of the Second Age and the [[Drowning of Númenor]], as with the [[Changing of the World]] Aman was removed from the [[Circles of the World]] and no living embodied creature could return from there. This was directly decreed by [[Ilúvatar]] to favour the [[Dominion of Men]]. It seems improbable that Manwë would have obtained special permission and devised a way of transportation, as that would seem to give Glorfindel an excessive importance.<ref name="PoME-LW" />{{rp|381–2}}

As told above, Glorfindel might have come as early as {{SA|1200}} and the years following, or as late as {{SA|1600}}. Although Tolkien declared the first to be possible, he favoured the last as the most probable.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Glorfindel is rarely portrayed like in the book. His role in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is too small to be introduced and forgotten - he basically does little else beyond providing fast transport to Rivendell. In the more popular works, his role has been filled by another Elf.

===Glorfindel in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Glorfindel.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
File:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
File:BFME2 - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:Lego The Lord of the Rings The Video Game - Glorfindel.jpg|''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]''
</gallery>
'''1971: [[Sagan om Ringen (1971 film)|''Sagan om Ringen'' (1971 film)]]:'''
:This short Swedish adaptation of the first half of the Fellowship of the Ring is unusual among film adaptations in that shows Glorfindel fight the Nazgûl rather than have another character absorb his role.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:In this adaptation, the role of Glorfindel was taken by [[Legolas]]. In a simplification of that character, and as a reason for ''his'' coming, he is portrayed as an Elf of Rivendell rather than [[Mirkwood]].

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Glorfindel appears in his original role at the Last Bridge, voiced by [[John Webb]]. Because the part of [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]] was cut, the heavily wounded Frodo says the [[Quenya]] greeting ''[[Elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo]]'' to him, and Glorfindel replies with Gildor's answer. Glorfindel keeps his two [[Sindarin]] lines, ''[[A na vedui, Dúnadan!]]'' and ''[[Noro lim, noro lim, Asfaloth!]]'', though he says them with a heavy English accent. Glorfindel's role at the Council of Elrond is omitted. His name is pronounced correctly in the adaptation, but in the credits, his name is pronounced "Glorfindle".

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Glorfindel is a powerful playable character once [[the One Ring|the Ring]] passes the [[Last Bridge]], who leads the Fellowship to [[Rivendell]].

'''1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|''Der Herr der Ringe'' (1992 German radio series)]]:'''
:Glorfindel is played by Stefan Schwartz.

'''1996: ''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit: An Adventure Play''''':
:In this children's theater script by Edward Mast, the show opens with [[Bilbo Baggins]] putting on a shadow play for the audience of Glorfindel's battle with the Balrog at the Fall of Gondolin to establish his love of telling adventurous tales. The allure of having his own story just as adventurous, though hopefully with a less tragic end, plays a role in convincing Bilbo to join [[Thorin Oakenshield]]'s company.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:To limit the already large number of one-appearance characters, Glorfindel has been omitted in this adaptation as well. [[Peter Jackson]] decided to have [[Arwen]] meet the travellers and then ride on [[Asfaloth]].

'''2001: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Glorfindel is provided by Marián Zednikovič.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Glorfindel appears on the Last Bridge. He has several Sindarin lines: ''A na vedui, Dúnadan'', like in the book, and ''Mae govannen, mellon'' (which Frodo accurately translates as "Well met, friend"). He comes to the aid of the hobbits at the request of Elrond, who had received news from [[Gildor|a group of Elves travelling near the Shire]] - even though there is no mention of that group earlier in the gameplay. Glorfindel does so in a monotonous voice, and his speech continues without pause. He also uses the lines ''Noro lim, Asfaloth'', though he does not say them to his horse: he says them to Frodo. No actor is specified for this part.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:[[Decipher]] made two [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game|cards]] featuring extra [[Jarl Benzon]] as Glorfindel, one of them being at the Coronation of Elessar.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://scrapbook.theonering.net/scrapbook/movies/characters/other/view/12658|articlename=Glorfindel's Cameo in ROTK!|dated=|website=TORN|accessed=15 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070323204416/http://www.decipher.com/content/2004/04/040504lotrwetafalconer.html|articlename=The Making of the Weta "Book Cards": An Interview With Weta Workshop's Daniel Falconer|dated=5 April 2004|website=Decipher.com (archived)|accessed=15 October 2013}}</ref> He is briefly seen in the film at Aragorn's coronation when Arwen is revealed.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Glorfindel played an important part in this video game, set during the [[War of the Ring]]. Together with [[Glóin]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], Glorfindel fights in several places in northern [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion]]. He is voiced by [[Jason Carter]], and portrayed as white haired. His design was changed to a more movie-accurate version in the expansion pack, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|The Rise of the Witch-king]]''. He serves as narrator throughout, and appears in the story itself after the death of [[Arvedui]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Glorfindel is featured in an extended flashback sequence depicting the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. During this time, he is the leader of the Bright Company, a group of [[High Elves]] who fighting to rid [[Middle-earth]] of [[Sauron]]'s evil long before that war and who continue their duty long after.
:In the present day, Glorfindel can be found in Rivendell just south of the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]]. He is involved in the campaign against [[Angmar]] during the main story and also talks to the player after defeating the [[balrog]] Thaurlach. Glorfindel disappears in the final weeks of the [[War of the Ring]] and the player tracks him across Middle-Earth to summon him to the Council of Elf-Lords between [[Thranduil]], [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]. He joins the procession that escorts Lady [[Arwen]] to [[Minas Tirith]] for her wedding; along the way Glorfindel and [[Elrond]] assist [[Gandalf]] and the player in uncovering a mystery within the [[Gladden Fields]].

'''2012: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]'':'''
:Glorfindel is purchasable as an optional player character in DLC character pack 2 for use in free play and on the open world. He is portrayed with light tan hair (rather than yellow blond like Legolas), wears an outfit which is a mix of light blue robe parts and silver armour whilst wearing a light blue cape. He wields a bow of the Galadhrim and also carries a golden Elvish longsword (all Elvish longswords appear gold in the game). Glorfindel is one of the most proficient fighter characters in the game.

'''2022-24: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:According to the showrunners, Glorfindel will make an appearance in a later season of ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.<ref>{{webcite|author=Adam B. Vary, Jordan Moreau, Jennifer Maas|articleurl=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/rings-of-power-season-2-trailer-sauron-comic-con-1236080231/|articlename=‘Rings of Power’ Season 2 Trailer: A New Fellowship Forms to Battle Sauron in ‘Lord of the Rings’ Prequel|dated=26 July 2024|website=[https://variety.com Variety]|accessed=}}</ref>

==Collectibles==
[[Gentle Giant]] produced a ''Glorfindel Mini Bust'' for [[Comic-Con 2007]], based on Glorfindel's appearance in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|EA's ''The Battle for Middle-earth II'']].

{{References}}
{{councilofelrond}}
{{HousesofGondolin}}
[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gnomish names]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Noldorin names]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
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[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/glorfindel]]