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Minas Tirith

2014-12-31T13:10:47Z

DenDAY: /* Geography */ Added directional description of the road's path up through the levels.

{{disambig-more|Minas Tirith|[[Minas Tirith (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Minas Tirith at Dawn.jpg|250px]]
| name=Minas Tirith
| othernames=[[Minas Anor]]<br>[[Mundburg]]<br>The Guarded City
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[minas]]'' "tower" + ''[[tirith]]'' "guard"
| type=City
| location=Easternmost point of the [[White Mountains]], close to [[Anduin]]
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]
| realms=[[Gondor]]<br/>[[Reunited Kingdom]]
| description=White city of seven levels
| events=[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields|Siege of Minas Tirith]]
| references=
|}}
'''Minas Tirith''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Guard') was a city of [[Gondor]], originally called '''Minas Anor'''. From {{TA|1640}}<ref name="AppB-3A"/> onwards it was the capital of the South-kingdom and the seat of its [[Kings of Gondor|Kings]] and ruling [[Stewards of Gondor|Stewards]].

==History==
===Minas Anor===
The city of Minas Tirith was originally a fortress, Minas Anor ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Sun'), built in {{SA|3320}} by the [[Faithful|Faithful Númenóreans]].<ref name="AppB-2A">{{App|B1}}</ref> It was the western counterpart to [[Minas Ithil]] ([[Sindarin|S.]] 'Tower of the Moon'): guarding the western flank of the city of [[Osgiliath]] from the men of the [[White Mountains]], as Ithil guarded its east from [[Mordor]]. From Osgiliath the sons of [[Elendil]] jointly ruled the newly-founded [[Gondor|South-kingdom]], but Minas Anor was home to [[Anárion]]'s House and Minas Ithil to [[Isildur]]'s.<ref name="S-Rings">{{S|V}}</ref> Therefore when the seven ''[[palantíri]]'' were divided amongst the [[Realms in Exile]] one was placed in Minas Anor.<ref name="AppA">{{App|A}}</ref><ref name="TT-Palantir">{{TT|III11}}.</ref>

[[Sauron]] attacked Gondor in {{SA|3429}}, taking [[Minas Ithil]] and forcing Isildur to flee north to his father in [[Arnor]]. Anárion meanwhile was besieged in Osgiliath and Minas Anor for five years, until he was relieved by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In {{TA|2}} Isildur planted the second [[White Tree of Gondor]] in Minas Anor in memory of his brother, who had perished during the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. From this point the Kingship of Gondor belonged solely to the heirs of Anárion, who continued to rule from Osgiliath.<ref name="AppB-3A">{{App|B2}}</ref><ref name="PM-Heirs">{{PM|VII}}</ref>

In {{TA|420}}<ref name="AppB-3A"/> Minas Anor was rebuilt by [[Ostoher]], the seventh [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]], and his from his reign onwards the Kings removed there from Osgiliath in the summer.<ref name="AppA"/> It remained the second city of Gondor for the next thousand years as the Kingdom reached the height of its power under the [[Ship-kings]], and then fell into its long decline. Osgiliath was burned and its ''palantír'' lost during the [[Kin-strife]], and from this point Minas Anor gradually grew more prominent. In {{TA|1636}} the old capital was devastated by the [[Great Plague]], leaving it depopulated and falling into ruin. Soon after [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] permanently moved the King's House to Minas Anor.<ref name="AppA"/><ref name="AppB-3A"/>

For a short time under Tarandor and his heirs the decline of Gondor was slowed, although constant wars with various groups of [[Easterlings]] took their toll. In {{TA|1900}} [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] built the first [[Tower of Ecthelion|White Tower]] in the Citadel of Minas Anor to house the city's ''palantír''.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> Just over a century later, however, the kingdom was dealt a harsh blow. In {{TA|2002}} Minas Ithil, where the guard on Mordor had long since slackened, was captured by the [[Nazgûl]]. It became known as Minas Morgul, and in turn Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith, 'Tower of the Guard' or the 'Guarded City'.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/> Soon after [[Eärnur]], the last King of Gondor, was killed in the Morgul Vale, and the lordship of the South-kingdom passed to the [[Stewards]].<ref name="AppA"/>

===Minas Tirith===
[[File:John Howe - Minas Tirith.jpg|thumb|left|[[John Howe]] - ''Minas Tirith'']]Following a brief respite in the [[Watchful Peace]], Gondor under the Stewards became increasingly beset by enemies: control of [[Ithilien]] and the ruined bridges of [[Osgiliath]] passed back and forth between Minas Tirith and Minas Morgul,the coastlands were raided by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], and Easterlings assailed them from the north.<ref name="AppA"/> The Citadel was improved under [[Ecthelion I]] ({{TA|2685}}–{{TA|2698|n}}),<ref name="AppA"/> who rebuilt the [[Tower of Ecthelion| White Tower]] which afterwards bore his name.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> But equally the White Tree died at the same time as the twenty-first Steward, [[Belecthor II]], and this time a new seedling could not be found to replace it.<ref name="AppA" />

In the reign of [[Ecthelion II]] ({{TA|2953}}–{{TA|2984}})<ref name="AppA"/> Minas Tirith was strengthened against Mordor, where Sauron had now declared himself openly. It was at this time that [[Aragorn]] the future King first came to the city under the name [[Thorongil]], and did great deeds.<ref name="AppA"/>

===War of the Ring===
{{main|Battle of the Pelennor Fields}}
During the [[War of the Ring]], the brunt of [[Mordor]]'s assault on the [[Free peoples]] was directed at Gondor and Minas Tirith. [[Cair Andros]] fell on [[10 March]] {{TA|3019}} and on [[12 March]] a company led by [[Faramir]] was forced to retreat from its defense of Osgiliath.<ref name="AppB-3A"/> An effort was made to repair the Rammas Echor, but this came too late.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/> With the crossings of Anduin taken the Pelennor was overrun, and Minas Tirith was besieged by a great army of Morgul orcs and Easterlings led by the [[Witch-king]]. The city was under-manned, and its defenders had little hope; on [[15 March]] the Great Gate was breached and the last ruling Steward, [[Denethor|Denethor II]], burned himself in despair.<ref name="RK-Siege">{{RK|V4}}</ref><ref name="RK-Pyre">{{RK|V7}}</ref> But [[Gandalf]] was also present, and rescuing Faramir from his father he took charge of the defence of Minas Tirith. The [[Rohirrim]] under [[Théoden]] also came unlooked for to the city's aid, and [[Aragorn]] led a force up the river from [[Pelargir]]. Seeing this [[Imrahil]], [[Prince of Dol Amroth]], led a sally from the city, and the three armies were able to break the siege in the decisive [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref name="RK-Pelennor">{{RK|V6}}</ref>

On [[1 May]] {{TA|3019}}, returning with the victorious from the [[Battle of the Morannon]], Aragorn was crowned on the plain outside Minas Tirith, and he entered the city as King Elessar. On [[25 June]] he discovered a sapling of the line of [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]] in a hidden hallow of Mount Mindolluin. This was planted in the Court of the Fountain – the fourth White Tree of Gondor.<ref name="RK-StewardKing">{{RK|VI5}}.</ref><ref name="AppB-3A"/>
===Fourth Age===
Under King Elessar Minas Tirith was rebuilt and restored: the Great Gate was remade in ''[[mithril]]'' and steel, the streets were repaved with white marble and gardens and trees were planted all around the city. This labour was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Glittering Caves]], led by [[Gimli]], and [[Silvan Elves|Wood-elves]] brought there by [[Legolas]].<ref name="RK-StewardKing"/>

==Geography==
[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Minas Tirith.jpg|left|thumb|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] - ''Minas Tirith'' (unfinished drawing)]]
Minas Tirith was situated on the [[Hill of Guard]] – the "out-thrust knee" of [[Mount Mindolluin]], connected to the main mass of the mountain by a narrow 'shoulder'.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith">{{RK|V1}}.</ref><ref name="WR-MinasTirith">{{WR|3|III}}.</ref> It facing eastward towards Osgiliath, over the [[Pelennor Fields]] surrounding the city, fertile townlands stretching from the walls of the city proper to the [[Rammas Echor]].<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/>

The city was built on the hill with seven concentric tiers cut on the hill culminating in the [[Citadel of Gondor|Citadel]] at the summit. The outer wall was called the [[City Wall]] and was black, of the same material used in [[Orthanc]]. The City Wall was vulnerable only to earthquakes capable of rending the ground where it stood.<ref name="RK-MinasTirith"/>

Each of the seven levels stood 100 feet higher than the one below it and was surrounded by a white wall. Each wall held a gate, and each gate faced a different direction: only the great gate and that of the seventh level faced east; the gate to the second level faced southeast, and that to the third faced northeast; so altering between the two such that the path up through the levels wound to and fro rather than following a straight line. An outcropping of rock as high as the seventh level bisected all the lower levels except the lowest on the line of the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith|Great Gate]]. The winding path through the city therefore passed through tunnels in this 'keel' five times.

The '''First Level''' included the [[Rath Celerdain]], a white paved street with an inn, the [[Old Guesthouse]].

The '''Sixth Level''' contained stables for riders, and the [[Houses of Healing]]. There was also [[Fen Hollen]], a door which was almost always closed, leading to [[Rath Dínen]]<ref name="RK-MinasTirith" />, the 'shoulder' of rock that joined the Hill to the main mass of Mount Mindolluin rose to the level of the fifth wall and was fortified with large ramparts, where the tombs of the Kings of Gondor and their Stewards lay. The uppermost tunnel was delved into the spur of rock that jutted out of the eastern face of the Hill; The keystone of its archway was carved with the head of a crowned King. [[Guards of the Citadel]] manned the Seventh Gate which faced eastward in line with the Great Gate 700 feet below and emerged into the Citadel, the city's strongest point, surrounded by high walls and battlements on the 'keel'.

The '''Citadel''' housed the [[Court of the Fountain (Minas Tirith)|Court of the Fountain]] and the [[Tower of Ecthelion]], which brought the total height of the city to 1000 feet.<ref group="note">On the basis of this figure and unpublished sketches by Tolkien [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] estimated the breadth of the city at 3100 feet in her ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth|Atlas]]''.</ref> Before the Tower grew the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] in a court. There were also the [[King's House]], lodgings for the Steward, [[Merethrond]], barracks for the Guard of the Citadel, and other buildings for guests and other workers.

==Non-canon statistics==
[[Image:Ryszard_Derdzinski_-_Minas_Tirith.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ryszard Derdzinski]] - ''Minas Tirith'']]
In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] estimates the diameter of the city to be 3,100 feet for the First Circle of the City.

According to the [[New Line Cinema|New Line]] book ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare]]'', the height of Minas Tirith (in the films) from the foot of the gates to the top of the Tower of Ecthelion (which individually is said to be 300 feet tall) is around 1,000 feet (304.8 m), and the diameter of the city almost three-quarters of a mile (3,960 feet). The book also suggests that the towering bastion of stone, shaped like the keel of a ship, which rose from behind the Great Gates on the first level to the citadel on the seventh, was a quarter of a mile tall (1 320 feet). However this height does not take into account the Tower of Ecthelion, which was situated on the seventh level, meaning that in total the city is some 1,620 feet tall (493.7 m). This means that the city's total height is somewhere between 1,000 feet (304.8 m) and 1,620 feet (493.7 m).

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
[[File:War in middle earth gameplay.gif|thumb|200px]]
:Minas Tirith is one of the many battlefields in this game. The city is brown, unlike the books in which it is white.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:The city appears briefly when Gandalf goes there to discern the identity of [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s [[The One Ring|One Ring]]

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Minas Tirith can be seen in the distance for a few seconds when [[Faramir]] takes [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], and [[Gollum]] to [[Osgiliath]].

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Tolkien's description of the physical layout of Minas Tirith is followed scrupulously in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]] film, although there is no reason to suppose that the top of the rock is flattened and paved, and in the book it is not the location for the coronation of [[Aragorn]] which occurs on the Pelennor Field outside Minas Tirith, he then enters the city as King. In the film version it is within clear sight of the mountains surrounding Mordor and the fires of [[Mount Doom]], so much that in at least one night scene the light of it shines on the faces of viewers from the city walls. However, in the books the mountains were far enough away that from the city they looked like a low dark shadow over the land far away.

:According to the "Making Of" featurettes on the Extended Edition DVDs, the appearance and structure of the city was based upon [[Wikipedia:Mont Saint-Michel|Mont Saint-Michel]], France.

:Portions of Minas Tirith were constructed as full-scale sets (built on the foundations of the disassembled [[Helm's Deep]] set), and the whole city as a highly detailed "[[bigature]]" by [[Weta Workshop]] combined with a detailed three-dimensional digital model, along with the whole of its surrounding environment. Despite the description of Minas Tirith's [[Othram]] as a black, indestructible wall, Jackson depicted all of the walls as white, who also are destructible.

:In the films, the towers of Minas Tirith are equipped with 100 [[trebuchet]]s. These played a significant role in the siege in the movie, as they were responsible for destroying many orcs, siege towers and catapults; some were smashed to bits by fell beasts, but all were repaired in the end.

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Minas Tirith|Images of Minas Tirith]]

{{references|note}}
[[Category:Minas Tirith| ]]
[[de:Minas Tirith (Gondor)]]
[[fi:Minas Tirith]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/gondor/minas_tirith]]

Minas Morgul

2014-12-29T20:12:47Z

DenDAY: Added to description as well as a source.

{{cleanup}}
{{location
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Tower of the Moon.jpg|250px]]
| name=Minas Morgul
| othernames=Minas Ithil, Tower of the Moon, Tower of the Rising Moon, Moon-tower, Tower of Black Sorcery, Dead City.
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[minas]]'' "tower" + ''[[morgul]]'' "black sorcery"<br/>
[[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[minas]]'' "tower" + ''[[Moon#Other names|ithil]]'' "moon"
| type=Tower/City
| location=on [[Ephel Dúath]], Western [[Mordor]]
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]], [[Orcs]]
| realms=[[Mordor]]
| description=
| events=
| references=
|}}'''Minas Morgul''' (originally called '''Minas Ithil''') was the twin city of [[Minas Tirith]] before its fall to the forces of [[Sauron]] in the [[Third Age]].

==History==
===Second Age===
After the destruction of [[Númenor]], [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], the sons of [[Elendil]], landed in [[Gondor]]. Isildur built Minas Ithil near the mountainous border of [[Mordor]] from where he would rule the fief of [[Ithilien]]; while Anárion built [[Minas Anor]] to rule over the fief of [[Anórien]]. Minas Ithil housed a ''[[Palantíri|palantír]]'', the [[Ithil-stone]].

When [[Sauron]] returned after escaping [[Númenor]]'s destruction, he attacked the exiles of Númenor, and his forces [[Fall of Minas Ithil|took Minas Ithil]] by storm. When the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] defeated Sauron in the year {{SA|3429}}, Minas Ithil was restored as a watchtower.

===Third Age===
In {{TA|1980}}, the [[Nazgûl]] returned to Mordor (after the defeat of the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] in the north of Middle-earth).

The [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] laid siege to Minas Ithil shortly after their return, in {{TA|2002}}, and they took the city for their master, Sauron (who was still hidden at the time).

Minas Ithil was occupied by fell creatures, and it changed into a foul, evil place. As a result, it came to be called Minas Morgul, which in the [[Gondor Sindarin|tongue of Gondor]] means "Tower of Dark Sorcery". The [[Ithil-stone]], was captured and later used by Sauron to influence [[Denethor|Denethor II]] during the War of the Ring.

During the [[Watchful Peace]] the lords of Morgul had secretly bred the [[Uruk-hai]], and in {{TA|2475}} these creatures assailed and overran Ithilien.

During the [[War of the Ring]], a host from Minas Morgul set forth toward [[Minas Tirith]]. The host was witnessed by Frodo, Sam and Gollum. After some [[Faramir's defense of Osgiliath|opposition in Osgiliath]], the Morgul-host proceeded to [[Pelennor Fields]] and lay [[Siege of Gondor|siege]]. However the host, including the city's garrison was devastated during the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].

Following the battle, the [[Army of the West]] pulled down the bridge leading to [[Morgul Vale]] and set its fields aflame. They met no opposition as the entire city's garrison had been killed at the Battle.

After the War of the Ring, [[Faramir]] was made [[Prince of Ithilien]] by King [[Aragorn|Elessar]], who advised him to make his abode in the [[Emyn Arnen]] southeast of Minas Tirith for even though Minas Morgul was completely abandoned, the land was such a terror on the minds of Men that it would not be fit for habitation or even Mannish contact for many years. Eventually, the city was rebuilt as Minas Ithil and the evil that tainted the land was at last gone.
[[File:Matthew Burton - Minas Morgul.jpg|350px|thumb|Matthew Burton - ''Minas Morgul'']]
==Description==
In its prime, Minas Ithil was a beautiful place. The moon cast silver light throughout the courtyards and streets, and reflected off the marble walls, so that it seemed to shine. The houses also shone white. The city also had one tall tower, with many windows, that rotated slowly. The city was accessed by a road, which was said to gleam like the city's white marble walls, running over a bridge as it crossed [[Imlad Morgul]]. Large meadows were placed on both banks of the stream.

When it was taken by the forces of evil, the beauty was replaced by terror. The lovely white light was replaced by a sickly corpse-pale light, the meadows were filled with sick pale flowers, and Imlad Morgul began to steam cold poisonous vapours. At the head of the bridge crossing the stream the bestial and human figures that stood there were corrupted. <ref>{{TT|Stairs}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Not the imprisoned moonlight welling through the marble walls of Minas Ithil long ago, Tower of the Moon, fair and radiant in the hollow of the hills. Paler indeed than the moon ailing in some slow eclipse was the light of it now, wavering and blowing like a noisome exhalation of decay, a corpse-light, a light that illuminated nothing.|[[The Stairs of Cirith Ungol]]}}

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Minas Morgul|Images of Minas Morgul]]

{{References}}

[[Category:Mordor]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Minas Morgul]]
[[fi:Minas Morgul]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/mordor/minas_morgul]]

Forums:Familytree layout bugs?

2014-02-01T19:14:47Z

DenDAY:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Forums]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


There seems to be some problems with the layout in some familytrees; for instance [[Eärendil]]: Notice the black horizontal lines where there should be boxes instead. I tried to look in the familytree template to see if standards have been changed, but I find no changes. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 18:07, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

:It's a Chrome issue. On Wikipedia, [[wikipedia:Template:Familytree|Familytree]] and [[wikipedia:Template:Chart|Chart]], its successor, have the same problem (see also their talk pages). The problem is twofold:
:* if one line is only made up of names, it collapses the boxes.
:* if one line is only made up of vertical lines, it collapses (in essence removes) the lines.
:There's not much we can do about it. Chrome needs to fix itself. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:59, 1 February 2014 (UTC)
::Alright, thank you for the answer. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 19:14, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

Forums:Familytree layout bugs?

2014-02-01T18:07:34Z

DenDAY: Created page with "<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''Tolkien Gateway > Forums > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> Category:Council..."

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Forums]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


There seems to be some problems with the layout in some familytrees; for instance [[Eärendil]]: Notice the black horizontal lines where there should be boxes instead. I tried to look in the familytree template to see if standards have been changed, but I find no changes. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 18:07, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

Forums:Tattoo

2014-02-01T17:43:54Z

DenDAY:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Forums]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


Hi , i was wondering if anyone could help, both me and my grandfather are massive fans of the lord of the rings and as he has passed im wanted to get a tattoo , ive been researching alot for the correct translation of grandfather and beleive the correct translation is "haru" i was wondering if anyone would be able to turn this into tengwar script

if anyone can help id be very happy:) x {{unsigned|Kerriab}}

:The Elvish tongues, [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]], are far from complete, and there are many very simple English words for which we have no recorded translation. Grandfather is one of them. *Haru is [[Neo-Elvish|neo-Sindarin]] for "wound". So sadly, no-one can help you here. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 17:16, 2 November 2013 (UTC)
:You could write it out like 'father of my father'(or mother), like 'atar o-atarinya' (father of my father) or 'atar o-amilinya' (father of my mother) in Quenya. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 17:43, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

Forums:Date of the death of Beren and Lúthien

2013-07-24T14:55:47Z

DenDAY:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Forums]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


I think it should be stated in relation to the date of the final death of Beren and Lúthien that it is in fact not fully know but is an interpretation of the Silmaril arriving with Dior.

Is it best to make this a section under both characters' profiles, or instead link it to a new page clarifying this? [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 11:58, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

:I'd prefer a note to both charaters' pages.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 14:17, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

::Ok, it's done. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 14:55, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

Beren

2013-07-24T14:54:18Z

DenDAY:

{{Disambig-more|Beren|[[Beren (disambiguation)]]}}
{{cleanup}}
{{Edain infobox
| image=[[Image:Tuuliky - Beren.jpg|250px]]
| name=Beren
| othernames=Son of [[Barahir]], [[Camlost]], ''Erchamion''
| titles=[[Lord of Ladros]]<br/>Lord of [[Tol Galen]]
| position=
| location=[[Dorthonion]]; [[Ossiriand]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{FA|432}}
| birthlocation=[[Dorthonion]]
| rule={{FA|460}} - {{FA|464|n}} ([[Ladros]])<br/>{{FA|466}} - {{FA|503|n}} ([[Tol Galen]])
| death={{FA|466}}
| deathlocation=[[Hunting of the Wolf]]<br/>Returned to life, final death: {{FA|503}} (aged 71)<br/>[[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]]
| age=34
| house=[[House of Bëor]]
| parentage=[[Barahir]] and [[Emeldir]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Lúthien]]
| children=[[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]]
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Dark
| eyes=Blue
| clothing=
| weapons=Spear and [[Angrist]]
| steed=[[Huan]]<br/>Unnamed horse (from [[Curufin]])
}}'''Beren''' (c. {{FA|432}} – {{FA|503|n}}, aged approx. 71 years at the time of his final death) was a [[Men|Man]] of [[Middle-earth]], a hero whose romance with the [[Elves|Elf]] [[Lúthien]] was one of the great stories of the [[Elder Days]].

The name of Beren's sword was '''[[Dagmor]]'''.

== History ==
[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Beren Heraldic Device.png|left|70px]]Beren was the son of [[Barahir]] and [[Emeldir]]. He was a Man of the royal [[House of Bëor]] of [[Dorthonion]]. The [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame") befell during his youth, bringing about the ruin of his land. The young Beren lived with his father and ten loyal followers in the highlands of Dorthonion, and the twelve of them performed many acts of bravery, to the great frustration of [[Morgoth]], the Dark Lord of [[Angband]]. After the betrayal and death of the Outlaws of Dorthonion due to the treachery of [[Gorlim the Unhappy]], Beren swore an oath to avenge his father, "but wept not, for his heart was ice". He recovered the [[Ring of Barahir]] from the [[Orcs]], and lived on as an outlaw, whose feats of daring were renown throughout the free world. Eventually he was forced to abandon the land of his birth and the grave of his father by [[Sauron]] and [[Draugluin]]. He crossed into [[Doriath]], where he saw and fell in love with [[Lúthien]], princess of the [[Sindar]] and daughter of [[Thingol]] and [[Melian]] when he saw her dancing.
{{Pronounce|Beren Erchamion.mp3|Ardamir}}

===[[Quest for the Silmaril]]===
[[File:Felix Sotomayor - Beren at Thingol's Court.jpg|thumb|left|''Beren at Thingol's Court'' by Felix Sotomayor]]
Thingol refused to give Lúthien's hand in marriage, as Beren was a mortal. He charged Beren that he would allow the marriage to take place only if he brought back a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of Morgoth. The task was intended to be impossible, but Beren was determined. He set out on this impossible quest with the aid of [[Finrod]] of [[Nargothrond]], but was soon captured by [[Sauron]] and imprisoned in [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Lúthien, along with [[Huan]] the great hound, eventually came to their rescue.
[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_Transformed.jpg|thumb|250px|''Transformed'' by [[Ted Nasmith]], showing Lúthien and Beren in their disguises as vampire and wolf.]]
Using Lúthien's powers to place Morgoth's court into a deep sleep, they were able to enter Angband where Beren was able to cut a Silmaril from Morgoth's iron crown. However, as they escaped from Angband, the great wolf [[Carcharoth]], whom Morgoth had personally bred, awoke. Beren held out the Silmaril, hoping that its radiance would avert the beast, but he was mistaken. Carcharoth bit off his hand, swallowing it along with the Silmaril, and proceeded to run rampant through Doriath. Thus Beren was called '''''Erchamion''''', "One-handed". Lúthien and the unconscious Beren were rescued by the Eagles of [[Manwë]]. Beren participated in the hunting of Carcharoth, where the beast was slain and the Silmaril recovered; the quest was accomplished, but in the process Beren was mortally wounded.

Unable to deal with the death of her beloved, Lúthien, overcome with grief, laid down and died. Her soul went to the Halls of [[Mandos]], where she managed to move Mandos so that he granted her a wish. Both she and Beren were restored to life, but both of them would die the death of Men, and go beyond the walls of [[Arda]] to a place unknown.

===Later History===

Thus Beren and Lúthien lived again, and dwelt on [[Tol Galen]] in the middle of the [[Adurant|River Adurant]] in [[Ossiriand]]. There they stayed apart from other mortals; Beren was involved with the events of the [[First Age]] only one further time, when he waylaid a group of [[Dwarves]] who had destroyed Doriath and stolen the [[Nauglamír]] (and the Silmaril with it).

Lúthien bore Beren a son, named [[Dior]], Thingol's heir. He was considered to be one of the fairest beings to ever live, for in him flowed the blood of Men, the blood of Elves, and the blood of the [[Ainur]]. Through his descendants, the blood of Beren and of Lúthien was preserved among the [[Eldar]] and the [[Edain]].

At last Beren and Lúthien died together on Tol Galen.

==Final Death of Beren and Lúthien===

:(..)and whether the second span of his life was brief or long is not known to Elves or Men,
: - Draft to ''Quenta Silmarillion''
Among the Children of [[Ilúvatar]] the final death of Beren and Lúthien is accounted in {{FA|503}} for in that year Dior received the Silmaril in Doriath, and it was taken as a sign of his parents' death. In truth the date of their death is unknown.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 306</ref>

== Development ==
The story of Beren and Lúthien, though mentioned only briefly in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', was a central part of the [[legendarium]]. Tolkien once referred to it as "the kernel of the mythology".<ref>{{L|165}}</ref> He went on to say that it "arose from a small woodland glade filled with 'hemlocks'", which he visited while serving in the Humber Garrison in 1918 (during [[World War I]]).

In the earliest versions of the legendarium (see: ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]''), Beren was a ''[[Gnome]]'' (a [[Noldo]]), son of [[Egnor]] (which might have been an early name for [[Aegnor]]).

Tolkien seemed to be somehow connected to this character, and parallels can be drawn with his relationship with [[Edith Tolkien|Edith Bratt]]. Furthermore it is possible that ''Beren'' (meaning 'brave') is a reference to the original meaning of his Germanic surname (Toll kühn) of similar meaning. It is said that, like the story of Lúthien dancing in the woods before Beren, that one day while Tolkien and his wife were on a picnic in the woods she danced for him, thus creating another parallel to Beren and Luthien.

Tolkien was buried in Wolvercote Cemetery (North Oxford) and this name appears on the stone:

:JOHN RONALD REUEL TOLKIEN Beren 1892 – 1973

The name of Lúthien also appears on the stone:

:EDITH MARY TOLKIEN Lúthien 1889 – 1971

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | |BRE| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |BRE=[[Bregor]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |BGL| | | |BAR|y|EME| | | | | | | | |BGL=[[Bregolas]]|BAR=[[Barahir]]|EME=[[Emeldir]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |BAR| |BEL| | | |BER|y|LUT| | | | | | |BAR=[[Baragund]]|BEL=[[Belegund]]|BER='''BEREN'''|LUT=[[Lúthien]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | |HUR|y|MOR| |RIA|y|HUO| |DIO|y|NIM| | | | |HUR=[[Húrin]]|MOR=[[Morwen]]|RIA=[[Rían]]|HUO=[[Huor]]|DIO=[[Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;|TUR| |LAL| |NIE| |TUO|y|IDR| | |!| | | | | | | |TUR=[[Túrin]]|LAL=[[Lalaith]]|NIE=[[Nienor]]|TUO=[[Tuor]]|IDR=[[Idril]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EAR|y|ELW| |ELD| |ELN|EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELN=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | |ELS| | | | | | | |ELD|y|CEL| | |ELS=[[Elros]]|ELD=[[Elrond]]|CEL=[[Celebrían]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |KON| |LOA| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |KON=[[King of Númenor|Kings of Númenor]]|LOA= [[Lords of Andúnië]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | |ELE| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |ELE= [[Elendil]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | |KOG| |KOA| | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |KOG= [[Kings of Gondor]]|KOA= [[Kings of Arnor]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |COD| | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |COD=[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of]]<br/>[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|the Dúnedain]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ARA|y|ARW| |ELL| |ELR|ARA= [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]|ARW= [[Arwen]]|ELL= [[Elladan]]|ELR= [[Elrohir]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ELD| |DTR| | | | | | | | |ELD= [[Eldarion]]|DTR=Daughters}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |KRK| | | | | | | | | | | | |KRK= Kings of the<br/>[[Reunited Kingdom]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>
{{sequence
|prev=[[Barahir]]
|next=none (abandoned)
|list=5th [[Lord of Ladros]]<br><code>I</code> 460 – 464
}}
{{Outlaws}}
== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Beren|Images of Beren]].
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Edain]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Bëor]]
[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]
[[de:Beren Erchamion]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:1a:peuple_de_beor:beren]]
[[fi:Beren]]

{{references}}

Lúthien

2013-07-24T14:53:18Z

DenDAY:

{{sources|especially inspiration - isn't it always? Ederchil 01/03/12}}
{{expansion|Too short for someone so important - needs bulking up to accommodate so many images. -Mith 04/11/11}}
{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Tania Weil - Luthien.png|250px]]
| name=Lúthien
| othernames=''Tinúviel'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=Princess of Doriath
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]]; [[Tol Galen]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{YT|1200}}
| birthlocation=[[Forest of Neldoreth]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|503}}
| deathlocation=[[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]], [[Ossiriand]]
| age=3,377
| house=
| parentage=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Beren]]
| children=[[Dior]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>
| clothing=Blue raiment, sewn with golden flowers; shadowy cloak; appearance of [[Thuringwethil]]<ref name="Beren"/>
| weapons=Voice, enchantment
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}'''Lúthien Tinúviel''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈluːθjen tiˈnuːvjel]}}) was the only daughter of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and [[Melian]] the [[Maia]]. She was said to be the fairest maiden to have ever lived (a description later shared also by [[Arwen]]).

== History ==
Lúthien was born during the Second Age of the [[Chaining of Melkor]], and [[niphredil]] first grew at the moment of her birth. She would often dance in the woods, while her friend [[Daeron]], the minstrel of Thingol, would play his flute. Daeron came to love her, and while she enjoyed his company, she did not return his love.

===Quest for the Silmaril===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - Beren and Lúthien.jpg|''Beren and Lúthien'' by Jacek Kopalski|thumb|left]]
During such an occasion she was discovered by [[Beren]] as he wandered the woods of her father's kingdom, and instantly fell in love with her. Daeron chirped out a warning, and she hid. While he searched for her, he accidentally laid his hand on her arm. He caught her alone some months later, and they grew to love one another. When Lúthien took Beren before her father, he was appalled that his royal daughter should wish to wed a mortal, and as is recounted in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' so set Beren what he thought was an unachievable task, to recover a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of [[Morgoth]] himself. So Beren left Doriath in pursuit of his hopeless quest.

After a time, a darkness fell on Lúthien's heart, and she learned from her mother Melian what this meant; Beren had been captured by [[Sauron]], and was held in the dungeons of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Though Thingol sought to stop her, Lúthien set out from Doriath to rescue Beren, if she could. Passing through many adventures, she gained the help of [[Huan the Hound]], and together they came to [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth|Sauron's Isle]]. Through Lúthien's magic and Huan's strength they defeated Sauron and rescued Beren. Eventually Beren set out for [[Angband]] once again, but this time Lúthien accompanied him.

Through Lúthien's powers, they passed the gates of Angband, and the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] that guarded them. Coming before the [[Dark Throne]] itself, she wove a spell that put Morgoth and his court into a deep sleep, and Beren cut a Silmaril from the Iron Crown. Returning to the gates, they found that Carcharoth barred their escape. Beren held up the hallowed jewel to protect them, but the monstrous wolf bit off his hand and, with it, consumed the Silmaril. But the Silmarils were blessed by [[Varda]] herself, so that any unclean flesh that touched them would be withered and burnt. The wolf's innards were consumed with that burning, and it ran howling into the south.

[[File:Mareishon - Beren and Luthien.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Beren]] and ''Lúthien'' by Mareishon.]]
Lúthien healed Beren, and they came at last back to her father's halls at [[Menegroth]]. There they heard tidings that the maddened wolf had entered Thingol's realm, and Beren set out with the King to the [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. After nightfall they returned; the wolf was slain and the Silmaril recovered, but Beren was wounded mortally. So he passed away, and soon after Lúthien too wasted of grief.

===Aftermath and death===
Their spirits were gathered in the [[Halls of Mandos]] in the [[Uttermost West]], and there Lúthien sang a song of such extraordinary power and beauty that it moved even the implacable heart of [[Mandos]] himself. So she was granted a unique fate, to become mortal and return to [[Middle-earth]] with Beren, where they dwelt for a time in happiness on the green island of [[Tol Galen]] in the River [[Adurant]].

After the destruction of [[Doriath]] Beren participated in battle for the last time. He ambushed the routed dwarves, and in the process also acquired the Silmaril he once took from Morgoth's crown. He brought the Silmaril, which was inside the [[Nauglamir]], to Lúthien, and she wore it until the day she and Beren died of old age. It is said that their deaths came quicker than expected because of the Silmaril. After their death, the Silmaril was passed to their son [[Dior]], which caused in the [[Second Kinslaying]].

==Final Death of Beren and Lúthien===

Among the Children of [[Ilúvatar]] the final death of Beren and Lúthien is accounted in {{FA|503}} for in that year Dior received the Silmaril in Doriath, and it was taken as a sign of his parents' death. In truth the date of their death is unknown.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 306</ref>

== Etymology ==

''Lúthien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Daughter of Flowers". The first element in the name is ''[[lúth]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 15</ref> The second element is perhaps the feminine ending ''[[-ien]]''.

In early writings, [[Doriathrin]] ''Luthien'' and [[Noldorin]] ''Lhūthien'' meant "enchantress", deriving from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''luktiēnē'' ("enchantress"; from [[Sundocarme|root]] LUK "magic, enhantement").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 370</ref>

''[[Tinúviel]]'' (from Primitive Quendian ''tindômiselde'') means "Nightingale", or, more literally, "Daughter of Twilight".{{fact}}

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | ELU |y| MEL | | BEO | | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|BEO=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT='''LÚTHIEN'''|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO=[[Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELU |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELU=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| ELR | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Inspiration==
Lúthien was largely inspired from [[Edith Bratt]] and Tolkien often referred to Edith as "my [[Lúthien]]."<ref>{{L|340}}</ref> It is mentioned that around [[1917]], while Tolkien and Bratt went walking in the woods at Roos, Edith began to dance for him in a clearing among the flowering hemlock. This incident inspired the account of the meeting of Beren and Lúthien.<ref>Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall & Edmund Weiner ''[[The Ring of Words]]''</ref>

The tale also shares the common element of folktales with the disapproving parent who sets a seemingly impossible task for the suitor, which is then fulfilled. The Welsh tale of Culhwch and Olwen is one such story.

The travel of Lúthien to Mandos and softening Námo with her song, in order to release her beloved, is a usual theme in mythology and religion: the Greek tale (as told by Virgil) of Orpheus and Eurydice, the Japanese myth of Izanagi and Izanami, the Akkadian/Sumerian myth of Inanna's descent to the Underworld, the Mayan myth of Ix Chel and Itzamna, the Indian legend of Savitri, and the Nez Perce legends of the trickster Coyote.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The name ''Lúthien'' appears since the earliest conceptions (although ''[[Melilot Brandybuck#Other versions of the legendarium|Melilot]]'' was used as a tentative name in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'').<ref>{{LB|3}}, p. 159</ref> The name was connected with "[[Luthany]]", the Elfin name for England. In several drafts, ''Lúthien'' would be the Elfin name of [[Ælfwine]], which would be translated as "traveler" and later as "friend".

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Lúthien|Images of Lúthien]].
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luthien Tinuviel}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Thingol]]
[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]
[[de:Lúthien]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/luthien]]
[[fi:Lúthien]]

Lúthien

2013-07-24T14:52:28Z

DenDAY: Added notes regarding final death

{{sources|especially inspiration - isn't it always? Ederchil 01/03/12}}
{{expansion|Too short for someone so important - needs bulking up to accommodate so many images. -Mith 04/11/11}}
{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Tania Weil - Luthien.png|250px]]
| name=Lúthien
| othernames=''Tinúviel'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=Princess of Doriath
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]]; [[Tol Galen]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{YT|1200}}
| birthlocation=[[Forest of Neldoreth]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|503}}
| deathlocation=[[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]], [[Ossiriand]]
| age=3,377
| house=
| parentage=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Beren]]
| children=[[Dior]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>
| clothing=Blue raiment, sewn with golden flowers; shadowy cloak; appearance of [[Thuringwethil]]<ref name="Beren"/>
| weapons=Voice, enchantment
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}'''Lúthien Tinúviel''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈluːθjen tiˈnuːvjel]}}) was the only daughter of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and [[Melian]] the [[Maia]]. She was said to be the fairest maiden to have ever lived (a description later shared also by [[Arwen]]).

== History ==
Lúthien was born during the Second Age of the [[Chaining of Melkor]], and [[niphredil]] first grew at the moment of her birth. She would often dance in the woods, while her friend [[Daeron]], the minstrel of Thingol, would play his flute. Daeron came to love her, and while she enjoyed his company, she did not return his love.

===Quest for the Silmaril===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - Beren and Lúthien.jpg|''Beren and Lúthien'' by Jacek Kopalski|thumb|left]]
During such an occasion she was discovered by [[Beren]] as he wandered the woods of her father's kingdom, and instantly fell in love with her. Daeron chirped out a warning, and she hid. While he searched for her, he accidentally laid his hand on her arm. He caught her alone some months later, and they grew to love one another. When Lúthien took Beren before her father, he was appalled that his royal daughter should wish to wed a mortal, and as is recounted in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' so set Beren what he thought was an unachievable task, to recover a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of [[Morgoth]] himself. So Beren left Doriath in pursuit of his hopeless quest.

After a time, a darkness fell on Lúthien's heart, and she learned from her mother Melian what this meant; Beren had been captured by [[Sauron]], and was held in the dungeons of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Though Thingol sought to stop her, Lúthien set out from Doriath to rescue Beren, if she could. Passing through many adventures, she gained the help of [[Huan the Hound]], and together they came to [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth|Sauron's Isle]]. Through Lúthien's magic and Huan's strength they defeated Sauron and rescued Beren. Eventually Beren set out for [[Angband]] once again, but this time Lúthien accompanied him.

Through Lúthien's powers, they passed the gates of Angband, and the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] that guarded them. Coming before the [[Dark Throne]] itself, she wove a spell that put Morgoth and his court into a deep sleep, and Beren cut a Silmaril from the Iron Crown. Returning to the gates, they found that Carcharoth barred their escape. Beren held up the hallowed jewel to protect them, but the monstrous wolf bit off his hand and, with it, consumed the Silmaril. But the Silmarils were blessed by [[Varda]] herself, so that any unclean flesh that touched them would be withered and burnt. The wolf's innards were consumed with that burning, and it ran howling into the south.

[[File:Mareishon - Beren and Luthien.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Beren]] and ''Lúthien'' by Mareishon.]]
Lúthien healed Beren, and they came at last back to her father's halls at [[Menegroth]]. There they heard tidings that the maddened wolf had entered Thingol's realm, and Beren set out with the King to the [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. After nightfall they returned; the wolf was slain and the Silmaril recovered, but Beren was wounded mortally. So he passed away, and soon after Lúthien too wasted of grief.

===Aftermath and death===
Their spirits were gathered in the [[Halls of Mandos]] in the [[Uttermost West]], and there Lúthien sang a song of such extraordinary power and beauty that it moved even the implacable heart of [[Mandos]] himself. So she was granted a unique fate, to become mortal and return to [[Middle-earth]] with Beren, where they dwelt for a time in happiness on the green island of [[Tol Galen]] in the River [[Adurant]].

After the destruction of [[Doriath]] Beren participated in battle for the last time. He ambushed the routed dwarves, and in the process also acquired the Silmaril he once took from Morgoth's crown. He brought the Silmaril, which was inside the [[Nauglamir]], to Lúthien, and she wore it until the day she and Beren died of old age. It is said that their deaths came quicker than expected because of the Silmaril. After their death, the Silmaril was passed to their son [[Dior]], which caused in the [[Second Kinslaying]].

==Final Death of Beren and Lúthien===

:(..)and whether the second span of life was brief or long is not known to Elves or Men,
: - Draft to ''Quenta Silmarillion''
Among the Children of [[Ilúvatar]] the final death of Beren and Lúthien is accounted in {{FA|503}} for in that year Dior received the Silmaril in Doriath, and it was taken as a sign of his parents' death. In truth the date of their death is unknown.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 306</ref>

== Etymology ==

''Lúthien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Daughter of Flowers". The first element in the name is ''[[lúth]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 15</ref> The second element is perhaps the feminine ending ''[[-ien]]''.

In early writings, [[Doriathrin]] ''Luthien'' and [[Noldorin]] ''Lhūthien'' meant "enchantress", deriving from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''luktiēnē'' ("enchantress"; from [[Sundocarme|root]] LUK "magic, enhantement").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 370</ref>

''[[Tinúviel]]'' (from Primitive Quendian ''tindômiselde'') means "Nightingale", or, more literally, "Daughter of Twilight".{{fact}}

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | ELU |y| MEL | | BEO | | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|BEO=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT='''LÚTHIEN'''|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO=[[Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELU |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELU=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| ELR | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Inspiration==
Lúthien was largely inspired from [[Edith Bratt]] and Tolkien often referred to Edith as "my [[Lúthien]]."<ref>{{L|340}}</ref> It is mentioned that around [[1917]], while Tolkien and Bratt went walking in the woods at Roos, Edith began to dance for him in a clearing among the flowering hemlock. This incident inspired the account of the meeting of Beren and Lúthien.<ref>Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall & Edmund Weiner ''[[The Ring of Words]]''</ref>

The tale also shares the common element of folktales with the disapproving parent who sets a seemingly impossible task for the suitor, which is then fulfilled. The Welsh tale of Culhwch and Olwen is one such story.

The travel of Lúthien to Mandos and softening Námo with her song, in order to release her beloved, is a usual theme in mythology and religion: the Greek tale (as told by Virgil) of Orpheus and Eurydice, the Japanese myth of Izanagi and Izanami, the Akkadian/Sumerian myth of Inanna's descent to the Underworld, the Mayan myth of Ix Chel and Itzamna, the Indian legend of Savitri, and the Nez Perce legends of the trickster Coyote.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The name ''Lúthien'' appears since the earliest conceptions (although ''[[Melilot Brandybuck#Other versions of the legendarium|Melilot]]'' was used as a tentative name in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'').<ref>{{LB|3}}, p. 159</ref> The name was connected with "[[Luthany]]", the Elfin name for England. In several drafts, ''Lúthien'' would be the Elfin name of [[Ælfwine]], which would be translated as "traveler" and later as "friend".

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Lúthien|Images of Lúthien]].
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luthien Tinuviel}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Thingol]]
[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]
[[de:Lúthien]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/luthien]]
[[fi:Lúthien]]

Beren

2013-07-24T14:49:42Z

DenDAY: Added notes regarding final death

{{Disambig-more|Beren|[[Beren (disambiguation)]]}}
{{cleanup}}
{{Edain infobox
| image=[[Image:Tuuliky - Beren.jpg|250px]]
| name=Beren
| othernames=Son of [[Barahir]], [[Camlost]], ''Erchamion''
| titles=[[Lord of Ladros]]<br/>Lord of [[Tol Galen]]
| position=
| location=[[Dorthonion]]; [[Ossiriand]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{FA|432}}
| birthlocation=[[Dorthonion]]
| rule={{FA|460}} - {{FA|464|n}} ([[Ladros]])<br/>{{FA|466}} - {{FA|503|n}} ([[Tol Galen]])
| death={{FA|466}}
| deathlocation=[[Hunting of the Wolf]]<br/>Returned to life, final death: {{FA|503}} (aged 71)<br/>[[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]]
| age=34
| house=[[House of Bëor]]
| parentage=[[Barahir]] and [[Emeldir]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Lúthien]]
| children=[[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]]
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Dark
| eyes=Blue
| clothing=
| weapons=Spear and [[Angrist]]
| steed=[[Huan]]<br/>Unnamed horse (from [[Curufin]])
}}'''Beren''' (c. {{FA|432}} – {{FA|503|n}}, aged approx. 71 years at the time of his final death) was a [[Men|Man]] of [[Middle-earth]], a hero whose romance with the [[Elves|Elf]] [[Lúthien]] was one of the great stories of the [[Elder Days]].

The name of Beren's sword was '''[[Dagmor]]'''.

== History ==
[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Beren Heraldic Device.png|left|70px]]Beren was the son of [[Barahir]] and [[Emeldir]]. He was a Man of the royal [[House of Bëor]] of [[Dorthonion]]. The [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame") befell during his youth, bringing about the ruin of his land. The young Beren lived with his father and ten loyal followers in the highlands of Dorthonion, and the twelve of them performed many acts of bravery, to the great frustration of [[Morgoth]], the Dark Lord of [[Angband]]. After the betrayal and death of the Outlaws of Dorthonion due to the treachery of [[Gorlim the Unhappy]], Beren swore an oath to avenge his father, "but wept not, for his heart was ice". He recovered the [[Ring of Barahir]] from the [[Orcs]], and lived on as an outlaw, whose feats of daring were renown throughout the free world. Eventually he was forced to abandon the land of his birth and the grave of his father by [[Sauron]] and [[Draugluin]]. He crossed into [[Doriath]], where he saw and fell in love with [[Lúthien]], princess of the [[Sindar]] and daughter of [[Thingol]] and [[Melian]] when he saw her dancing.
{{Pronounce|Beren Erchamion.mp3|Ardamir}}

===[[Quest for the Silmaril]]===
[[File:Felix Sotomayor - Beren at Thingol's Court.jpg|thumb|left|''Beren at Thingol's Court'' by Felix Sotomayor]]
Thingol refused to give Lúthien's hand in marriage, as Beren was a mortal. He charged Beren that he would allow the marriage to take place only if he brought back a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of Morgoth. The task was intended to be impossible, but Beren was determined. He set out on this impossible quest with the aid of [[Finrod]] of [[Nargothrond]], but was soon captured by [[Sauron]] and imprisoned in [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Lúthien, along with [[Huan]] the great hound, eventually came to their rescue.
[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_Transformed.jpg|thumb|250px|''Transformed'' by [[Ted Nasmith]], showing Lúthien and Beren in their disguises as vampire and wolf.]]
Using Lúthien's powers to place Morgoth's court into a deep sleep, they were able to enter Angband where Beren was able to cut a Silmaril from Morgoth's iron crown. However, as they escaped from Angband, the great wolf [[Carcharoth]], whom Morgoth had personally bred, awoke. Beren held out the Silmaril, hoping that its radiance would avert the beast, but he was mistaken. Carcharoth bit off his hand, swallowing it along with the Silmaril, and proceeded to run rampant through Doriath. Thus Beren was called '''''Erchamion''''', "One-handed". Lúthien and the unconscious Beren were rescued by the Eagles of [[Manwë]]. Beren participated in the hunting of Carcharoth, where the beast was slain and the Silmaril recovered; the quest was accomplished, but in the process Beren was mortally wounded.

Unable to deal with the death of her beloved, Lúthien, overcome with grief, laid down and died. Her soul went to the Halls of [[Mandos]], where she managed to move Mandos so that he granted her a wish. Both she and Beren were restored to life, but both of them would die the death of Men, and go beyond the walls of [[Arda]] to a place unknown.

===Later History===

Thus Beren and Lúthien lived again, and dwelt on [[Tol Galen]] in the middle of the [[Adurant|River Adurant]] in [[Ossiriand]]. There they stayed apart from other mortals; Beren was involved with the events of the [[First Age]] only one further time, when he waylaid a group of [[Dwarves]] who had destroyed Doriath and stolen the [[Nauglamír]] (and the Silmaril with it).

Lúthien bore Beren a son, named [[Dior]], Thingol's heir. He was considered to be one of the fairest beings to ever live, for in him flowed the blood of Men, the blood of Elves, and the blood of the [[Ainur]]. Through his descendants, the blood of Beren and of Lúthien was preserved among the [[Eldar]] and the [[Edain]].

At last Beren and Lúthien died together on Tol Galen.

==Final Death of Beren and Lúthien===

:(..)and whether the second span of life was brief or long is not known to Elves or Men,
: - Draft to ''Quenta Silmarillion''
Among the Children of [[Ilúvatar]] the final death of Beren and Lúthien is accounted in {{FA|503}} for in that year Dior received the Silmaril in Doriath, and it was taken as a sign of his parents' death. In truth the date of their death is unknown.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 306</ref>

== Development ==
The story of Beren and Lúthien, though mentioned only briefly in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', was a central part of the [[legendarium]]. Tolkien once referred to it as "the kernel of the mythology".<ref>{{L|165}}</ref> He went on to say that it "arose from a small woodland glade filled with 'hemlocks'", which he visited while serving in the Humber Garrison in 1918 (during [[World War I]]).

In the earliest versions of the legendarium (see: ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]''), Beren was a ''[[Gnome]]'' (a [[Noldo]]), son of [[Egnor]] (which might have been an early name for [[Aegnor]]).

Tolkien seemed to be somehow connected to this character, and parallels can be drawn with his relationship with [[Edith Tolkien|Edith Bratt]]. Furthermore it is possible that ''Beren'' (meaning 'brave') is a reference to the original meaning of his Germanic surname (Toll kühn) of similar meaning. It is said that, like the story of Lúthien dancing in the woods before Beren, that one day while Tolkien and his wife were on a picnic in the woods she danced for him, thus creating another parallel to Beren and Luthien.

Tolkien was buried in Wolvercote Cemetery (North Oxford) and this name appears on the stone:

:JOHN RONALD REUEL TOLKIEN Beren 1892 – 1973

The name of Lúthien also appears on the stone:

:EDITH MARY TOLKIEN Lúthien 1889 – 1971

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | |BRE| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |BRE=[[Bregor]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |BGL| | | |BAR|y|EME| | | | | | | | |BGL=[[Bregolas]]|BAR=[[Barahir]]|EME=[[Emeldir]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | |BAR| |BEL| | | |BER|y|LUT| | | | | | |BAR=[[Baragund]]|BEL=[[Belegund]]|BER='''BEREN'''|LUT=[[Lúthien]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | |HUR|y|MOR| |RIA|y|HUO| |DIO|y|NIM| | | | |HUR=[[Húrin]]|MOR=[[Morwen]]|RIA=[[Rían]]|HUO=[[Huor]]|DIO=[[Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;|TUR| |LAL| |NIE| |TUO|y|IDR| | |!| | | | | | | |TUR=[[Túrin]]|LAL=[[Lalaith]]|NIE=[[Nienor]]|TUO=[[Tuor]]|IDR=[[Idril]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |EAR|y|ELW| |ELD| |ELN|EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELN=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | |ELS| | | | | | | |ELD|y|CEL| | |ELS=[[Elros]]|ELD=[[Elrond]]|CEL=[[Celebrían]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | |KON| |LOA| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |KON=[[King of Númenor|Kings of Númenor]]|LOA= [[Lords of Andúnië]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | |ELE| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |ELE= [[Elendil]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | |KOG| |KOA| | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |KOG= [[Kings of Gondor]]|KOA= [[Kings of Arnor]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |COD| | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |COD=[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of]]<br/>[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|the Dúnedain]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ARA|y|ARW| |ELL| |ELR|ARA= [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]|ARW= [[Arwen]]|ELL= [[Elladan]]|ELR= [[Elrohir]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ELD| |DTR| | | | | | | | |ELD= [[Eldarion]]|DTR=Daughters}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=white-space:;background-color:#FFFFFF;| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |KRK| | | | | | | | | | | | |KRK= Kings of the<br/>[[Reunited Kingdom]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>
{{sequence
|prev=[[Barahir]]
|next=none (abandoned)
|list=5th [[Lord of Ladros]]<br><code>I</code> 460 – 464
}}
{{Outlaws}}
== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Beren|Images of Beren]].
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Edain]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Bëor]]
[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]
[[de:Beren Erchamion]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:1a:peuple_de_beor:beren]]
[[fi:Beren]]

{{references}}

Eithel Nínui

2013-07-24T12:33:03Z

DenDAY: Created page with "'''Eithel Nínui''', also called the Fountain of Tinúviel, was a fountain found on the plain of Tumladen. It is said to have been created by the tears of Lúthien falling do..."

'''Eithel Nínui''', also called the Fountain of Tinúviel, was a fountain found on the plain of [[Tumladen]]. It is said to have been created by the tears of Lúthien falling down on the plain when she and Beren was flown over it by [[Thorondor]] and his vassals. Its water was recounted in song as having had healing powers until it was destroyed in the [[fall of Gondolin]].

==Note on occurrence==
The fountain and its legend is found in several of [[Tolkien]]'s drafts of the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', but in the published version found in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' [[Christopher Tolkien]] omitted it. He has later admitted that this section should have remained in the published work.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 301</ref>

{{References}}
[[category:Gondolin]]
[[category:Fountains]]

Forums:Date of the death of Beren and Lúthien

2013-07-24T11:58:46Z

DenDAY: Created page with "<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''Tolkien Gateway > Forums > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> Category:Council..."

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Forums]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


I think it should be stated in relation to the date of the final death of Beren and Lúthien that it is in fact not fully know but is an interpretation of the Silmaril arriving with Dior.

Is it best to make this a section under both characters' profiles, or instead link it to a new page clarifying this? [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 11:58, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

Dorthonion

2013-07-22T21:47:38Z

DenDAY:

{{location
| image=
| name=Dorthonion
| othernames=Taur-na-Foen
| etymology=
| type=Forested Highlands
| location=North of [[Doriath]]
| inhabitants=[[Elves]], [[Men]], [[Orcs]]
| realms=[[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]], [[Finrod]], later [[House of Bëor]]
| description=Hilly region with pine forests
| events=[[Dagor Bragollach]], [[Massacre at Tarn Aeluin]]
| references=
|}}
{{Pronounce|Dorthonion.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Dorthonion''' was a forested highland region in the north of [[Beleriand]] which spanned sixty leagues from west to east.<ref> {{LR|Quenta}}, p. 272</ref> The hilly northeastern section was called '''[[Ladros]]'''. Dorthonion was walled-in by the [[Echoriath]] ("Encircling Mountains") in the west and the [[Ered Gorgoroth]] ("Mountains of Terror") in the south.<ref name="Map">{{S|Map}}</ref>

From the plains of [[Ard-galen]] to the north, Dorthonion rose gradually until it became a bleak land of tarns and bare tors near the precipices of the Ered Gorgoroth. In the north and the west the land was covered with great forests of pines.<ref name="Beleriand">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> The rivers [[Rivil]] and [[Mindeb]] had their sources in these uplands, as did the lake [[Aeluin]].<ref name="Map"/> In the center of the land was a tall peak called [[Foen]].<ref>{{WJ|Beleriand}}, pp. 183, 187</ref>

==History==
During the tumult when the [[Valar]] broke the gates of [[Utumno]] after the awakening of the [[elves]], the highlands of Dorthonion were first raised.<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref>.

In year {{FA|6|n}} of the [[First Age]]<ref>{{GA|64}}</ref> King [[Thingol]] gave permission to the [[Noldor]] to settle the northern lands of Beleriand.<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref> North Dorthonion was ruled by the Elf-lords [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]] and Ladros was ruled by [[Finrod]].<ref name="Beleriand"/>

After Finrod and his people removed to [[Nargothrond]] in the south, [[High King of the Noldor|High King]] [[Fingolfin]] granted the land of Ladros to the [[House of Bëor]] as a fiefdom.<ref>{{S|West}}</ref>

In {{FA|455}} Dorthonion was overrun by the armies of [[Morgoth]] in the [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame") and thereafter was called '''[[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]]''' ("Forest under Nightshade").<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> [[Barahir]] refused to forsake Dorthonion and remained with twelve companions near [[Tarn Aeluin]]. Through the treachery of [[Gorlim]] nearly all of this band were killed, save for the son of [[Barahir]], [[Beren]]. Baren followed the [[Orcs]] who had killed his father to [[Rivil's Well]]. He then killed the Orc captain and recovered the [[Ring of Barahir]]. Eventually he was pursued so closely that Beren fled from Dorthonion over the [[Gorgoroth]].<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

Many, many years later, on [[29 February]], {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> [[Treebeard]] chanted to [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] as he carried them through [[Fangorn]] Forest and he mentioned "''To the pine-trees upon the highland of Dorthonion I climbed in the Winter.''"<ref>{{TT|III4}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Dorthonion means "Land of the Pine Trees" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[dôr]]'' = "land, dwelling-place" and ''[[thôn]]'' = "pine tree").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}</ref>

In a philological fragment of uncertain date it is stated that Dorthonion was also called '''''Taur-na-Foen''''', the Forest of the Foen.<ref>{{WJ|Beleriand}}, p. 187</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Hills]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Dorthonion]]
[[fi:Dorthonion]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:beleriand:dorthonion]]

West Beleriand

2013-07-22T21:45:54Z

DenDAY:

'''West Beleriand''' covers the lands of [[Beleriand]] to the west of the River [[Sirion]]; they were for the most part under the lordship of [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] in [[Nargothrond]], and [[Círdan]] the Shipwright in the [[Falas]].
==Geography==
West Beleriand was the region of Beleriand facing [[Belegaer]] to the west with the coast of [[Falas]] and the havens of [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] and the seaward tower of [[Barad Nimras]]. To the north the [[Ered Wethrin]] separated [[Hithlum]] and [[Nevrast]] from the rest of Beleriand.

Siding Sirion was the forested stripe of [[Nivrim]], separated from the rest of [[Doriath]] by Sirion.

Rivers included [[Brithon]] and [[Nenning]] and the tributaries to Sirion, [[Narog]] (with [[Ginglith]] and [[Ringwil]]) and [[Teiglin]] (with [[Malduin]] and other minor rivers). Between Ginglith and Narog was the field of [[Tumhalad]]. The [[Ravines of Teiglin]] surrounded the [[Forest of Brethil]].

Between Narog and Sirion lay [[Talath Dirnen]], a part of the Realm of Nargothrond with the hill of [[Amon Rûdh]]. To that realm also belonged [[Taur-en-Faroth]] to the west of Narog.

To the south, [[Nan Tathren]] was the small forested area between Narog and Sirion. Further south, the land of [[Arvernien]] with the forest of [[Nimbrethil]] formed the [[Bay of Balar]], ending to the [[Cape Balar]].

At its widest this region was ninety-nine leagues across.<ref> {{LR|Quenta}}, p. 272</ref>

==See also==
*[[East Beleriand]]
{{references}}
*{{S|Map}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Regions]]

[[fi:Länsi-Beleriand]]

Andram

2013-07-22T18:38:31Z

DenDAY:

{{location
| image=
| name=Andram
| othernames=The Long Wall
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[and]]'' "long" + ''[[ram]]'' "wall"
| type=Hills
| location=Stretching across south [[Beleriand]] from [[Taur-en-Faroth]] to [[Ramdal]]
| inhabitants=
| realms=
| description=A long wall of hills
| events=
}}
'''Andram''' ([[Sindarin|S]]. 'long wall'; [[and]] = long, [[ram]] = wall) was the long wall of hills that ran across [[Beleriand]] west to east, from beyond [[Nargothrond]] to the [[Gates of Sirion]] and ending at [[Ramdal]], being three leagues in width from north to south<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 262</ref>. The wall was pierced in two places: the gorge of Nargothrond, through which flowed the River [[Narog]], and where the River [[Sirion]] ran underground from its falls south of the [[Aelin-Uial]] to its reappearance at the [[Gates of Sirion]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref>

Its easternmost hill was [[Amon Ereb]], which usually was not considered a part of Andram (indeed ''Ramdal'' meant "Wall's End").<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Hills]]
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Andram]]
[[fi:Andram]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/beleriand/andram]]

East Beleriand

2013-07-22T18:26:14Z

DenDAY:

'''East Beleriand''' was the part of [[Beleriand]] that lay east of the River [[Sirion]] and west of the [[Gelion]], and stretched a hundred leagues across at its widest<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 261</ref>. This region was ruled by [[Thingol]] from [[Doriath]] and (east of [[Aros]]) largely under the control of the [[Sons of Fëanor]] during the [[First Age]].
==Geography==
Sirion descended from the north to the south. With its tributaries [[Mindeb]], [[Esgalduin]], [[Aros]] and its tributary [[Celon]], they formed [[Neldoreth]] and [[Region]], the forests of [[Doriath]]. North of Doriath, the rivers separated the lands of [[Dimbar]], [[Nan Dungortheb]], [[Dor Dinen]] and [[Himlad]], just south from the northern highlands.

Separated from Doriath, next to the eastern banks of [[Celon]] was the small wood of [[Nan Elmoth]].

The [[Pass of Aglon]] and the [[March of Maedhros]] were two passes among a couple of small mountain ranges, which led to [[Lothlann]].

To the south was [[Estolad]] and more open, vast empty lands, until the eastern part of the ridge of [[Andram]], ending to the [[Amon Ereb]].

The eastern part of Beleriand was dominated by the river [[Gelion]], which separated the main lands from [[Thargelion]] and the land of [[Ossiriand]], marked by the river's seven tributaries ([[Ascar]], [[Thalos]], [[Legolin]], [[Brilthor]], [[Duilwen]] and [[Adurant]]). Further to the east, the [[Blue Mountains]] separated Beleriand from [[Eriador]].

Between the great rivers Sirion and Gelion, to the south of Beleriand was the great forest [[Taur-im-Duinath]].

==See also==
*[[West Beleriand]]
{{references}}
*{{S|Map}}
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Beleriand]]

[[fi:Itä-Beleriand]]

West Beleriand

2013-07-22T18:19:48Z

DenDAY:

'''West Beleriand''' covers the lands of [[Beleriand]] to the west of the River [[Sirion]]; they were for the most part under the lordship of [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] in [[Nargothrond]], and [[Círdan]] the Shipwright in the [[Falas]].
==Geography==
West Beleriand was the region of Beleriand facing [[Belegaer]] to the west with the coast of [[Falas]] and the havens of [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] and the seaward tower of [[Barad Nimras]]. To the north the [[Ered Wethrin]] separated [[Hithlum]] and [[Nevrast]] from the rest of Beleriand.

Siding Sirion was the forested stripe of [[Nivrim]], separated from the rest of [[Doriath]] by Sirion.

Rivers included [[Brithon]] and [[Nenning]] and the tributaries to Sirion, [[Narog]] (with [[Ginglith]] and [[Ringwil]]) and [[Teiglin]] (with [[Malduin]] and other minor rivers). Between Ginglith and Narog was the field of [[Tumhalad]]. The [[Ravines of Teiglin]] surrounded the [[Forest of Brethil]].

Between Narog and Sirion lay [[Talath Dirnen]], a part of the Realm of Nargothrond with the hill of [[Amon Rûdh]]. To that realm also belonged [[Taur-en-Faroth]] to the west of Narog.

To the south, [[Nan Tathren]] was the small forested area between Narog and Sirion. Further south, the land of [[Arvernien]] with the forest of [[Nimbrethil]] formed the [[Bay of Balar]], ending to the [[Cape Balar]].

At its widest this region was seventy leagues across.<ref> {{LR|Quenta}}, p. 261</ref>

==See also==
*[[East Beleriand]]
{{references}}
*{{S|Map}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Regions]]

[[fi:Länsi-Beleriand]]

Iron Mountains

2013-07-22T18:13:31Z

DenDAY:

[[Image:Almaren.png|thumb|The crescent of Iron Mountains guarding [[Utumno]] during the [[Spring of Arda]].]]
The '''Iron Mountains''' or '''Ered Engrin''' were an immense mountain range in the north, stretching across [[Middle-earth]] from east to west. In the west it bend north a hundred leagues from reaching [[Helcaraxë]].<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 259</ref>

Of old the Iron Mountains connected the [[Blue Mountains]] (''[[Ered Luin]]'') of the West to the [[Red Mountains]] (''[[Orocarni]]'') of the East, but in the wars between the [[Valar]] and [[Morgoth|Melkor]] the mountain range was distorted.

Melkor's great fortresses of [[Angband]] and [[Utumno]] were built in the mountains. North of the range lay the regions of ever-lasting cold.

After the [[War of Wrath]] the Iron Mountains were broken and disappeared for a great part of their length.
==Fate==
Remnants of the range in the East could perhaps be all the northern mountain ranges of [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion]]: the [[Mountains of Angmar]], [[Gundabad]], the [[Ered Mithrin]], and the [[Iron Hills]], still occupied by [[Orcs]] and [[Dragons]] until the [[Third Age]].<ref>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' p. 78</ref>

These mountains, if imagined to belong to a greater range, indeed occupy the same location as the Iron Mountains in Tolkien's map in the [[Ambarkanta]].<ref>{{SM|A4}}</ref>
{{references}}
{{Remnants}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges]]

[[de:Ered Engrin]]
[[fi:Rautavuoret (Esiajat)]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_de_fer]]

Angband

2013-07-22T18:05:55Z

DenDAY: Fixed location to Iron Mountains, cleaned up in duplication of linking, and changed to Melkor for consistency (see talk page for Manual of style).

{{expansion}}{{cleanup}}{{sources}}

{{location
| image= [[Image:Angband Sotomayor.jpg|250px]]
| name= Angband
| type= Dark Fortress
| location= [[Ered Engrin]]
| inhabitants= [[Morgoth]] and all his dark hosts and servants.
| realms=
| description= primarily an underground fortress; the main feature above ground were the [[Thangorodrim]].
| othernames=
| etymology= ''[[ang]]'' ("iron") + ''[[band]]'' ("prison")
| events= Besieged by [[Noldor]], destroyed at the [[War of Wrath]].
| references=
|}}
{{Pronounce|Angband.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Angband''' was a mighty fortified citadel originally constructed by [[Morgoth|Melkor]] in the earliest days of the world as an outlying fortress to his northern stronghold of [[Utumno]] deep inside (and underneath) the [[Iron Mountains]]. Utumno was destroyed by the [[Valar]], and Melkor imprisoned in [[Valinor]] for three ages, but on his return to [[Middle-earth]], he took Angband as the seat of his power, and raised the towers of [[Thangorodrim]] above its gates.

Angband was besieged by the [[Noldor]] during the early part of the [[First Age]], but the Siege of Angband was broken at the [[Dagor Bragollach]]. It was finally destroyed by the forces of the Valar at the end of the [[First Age]], in the [[War of Wrath]].

==History==
Melkor built Angband during the [[Years of the Trees]], originally as an outlying fortress and armoury to his great northern citadel at Utumno. It was commanded from its first construction by Sauron, the chief of Melkor's servants. Angband was built near the northwestern shores of the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] in the range of the Iron Mountains, as a first defence against any attack on Melkor's realm from the Valar in Aman.

When the Valar captured Melkor and took him in chains back to [[Valinor]], Angband was largely destroyed and lay in ruins for many thousands of years, although beneath the ruins lay many hidden chambers in which some of Melkor's servants escaped the Valar's assault. Sauron was one of these, and the Balrogs lay hid with him in Angband's deepest vaults.

Angband re-entered history when Melkor escaped Valinor with the stolen [[Silmarils]]: he chose the ruined fortress as his new capital, and rebuilt the Hells of Iron as a base for the dark reign he intended for the lands of [[Middle-earth]].

Soon after the Return of the Noldor to [[Beleriand]], Melkor took [[Maedhros]] [[Fëanor]]'s son by deceit and trickery, and hung him by the wrist from the towers of Thangorodrim above Angband. He was rescued by [[Fingon]] and [[Thorondor]], but lost his right hand.

[[Image:angband2.gif|thumb|200px|right|Location of Angband]]
The third of the great battles in the [[Wars of Beleriand]], the [[Dagor Aglareb]], had profound consequences for Angband. Until that time (about the year 75 of the First Ag]) Melkor sent out hosts of [[Orcs]] in the hope of taking the Noldor by surprise. The Noldor, though, chased these Orcs back to the very gates of Angband, and slew them to the last creature. From then until the Dagor Bragollach in {{FA|455}}, a period of almost 400 years, Angband was surrounded by the Noldor; this is the time known as the Siege of Angband.

==Appearance and Construction==
Angband was primarily an underground fortress, at least after its initial destruction by the Valar in the Years of the Trees. Like its prototype, Utumno, it had many hidden underground chambers and vaults far beneath the earth. Its main features above ground were the three peaks of the Thangorodrim, mighty towers of ash and slag raised above Angband's gates.
The peaks of Thangorodrim were hollow, and from them channels and chimneys ran down to the deepest pits of Angband. So, Melkor could produce poisonous clouds and vapours, as indeed he sent against the Noldor in [[Mithrim]] during the first days after their Return.

==Etymology==

''Angband'' is [[Sindarin]], and means "Iron Prison" or "Hell of Iron", from ''[[ang]]'' + ''[[band]]''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 348, 350 (entries for [[Sundocarme|roots]] [[ANGA|ANGĀ-]] and [[BAD|BAD-]])</ref>

In [[Quenya]], Angband was called '''''Angamando'''''.<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''band''</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''

: The dragon [[Smaug]] is said to have escaped the destruction of Angband at the end of the First Age.<ref>{{ICE|2012}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Evil realms]]

[[de:Angband]]
[[fi:Angband]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:angband]]

Tolkien Gateway talk:Manual of Style

2013-07-22T17:56:59Z

DenDAY:

== Fair Use ==

It would certainly be helpful if {{Redlink|[[Template:fairuse]]}} actually existed. We '''do''' need it. --[[User:Theoden1|Theoden1]] 16:30, 13 July 2008 (EDT)

:I certainly agree. It's kind of nagging me that certain things (like the "fact" template) "must" be inserted while they don't even exist. All images need a good going over anyway - copyrights, correct names, descriptions, categories. That'll take ages, but it can be done. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 16:42, 13 July 2008 (EDT)

==Rename==
To be consistent with other wiki's, shouldn't this be renamed (and remolded if necessary) to "Tolkien Gateway: Manual of Style"? -- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 11:57, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

I figured I should put my question here: With Melkor do we go for consistency in articles or do we separate Melkor (being prior to the theft of the Silmarils) and Morgoth (being after the theft)? [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 17:56, 22 July 2013 (UTC)
== Plagiarism? ==

Sorry . . . I'm new. What are the rules here about duplicating text from other sites? Does the wiki have authorization from some site owners (Encyclopedia of Arda, for example) to use their material word for word? [[User:ElfMaven|ElfMaven]] 21:33, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

:Better not copy anything. There still are a lot of articles in the database that are partial or complete rips from EoA or Wikipedia from way back when the site just started. These should be changed (but I'll admit, it's not something actively pursued). -- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 21:43, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

:: Thanks for responding. Much of your uncommon or unusual words list is still word for word from EoA, only with some significant additions. Also some of the articles, e.g., "Evrard Took" are the same with only minor differences, not enough to avoid copyright infringement.

::(I have read EoA extensively, and I was just re-reading the "Old & Rare Words" section last week. I started trying to research the phrase "stock and stone" and found this site.) [[User:ElfMaven|ElfMaven]] 14:27, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

== Dates ==

Is it fair to say that we've settled on using the templates ({{FA|, etc.) for the vast majority of in-universe years? If so the latter two bullet points in the Dates section should be removed.

In their place, I think there should be a mention of real-world years. Also, especially, how to handle full dates ([[15 March]] vs. [[15 March|March 15]]; [[15 March]] [[2001]] vs. [[2001#March|15 March 2001]]; and so many other permutations). {{User:Aule the Smith/sig}} 09:13, 28 August 2010 (UTC)

== alterations ==

I see that the article is not locked to be edited by administrators only. I wonder if it is proper to make some small corrections-clarifications. I would like to rewrite some points which might seem unclear to a newcomer, add some examples, and point out some common mistakes not covered in the article. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 07:20, 6 August 2011 (UTC)

:Fine by me. I don't think a lock is necessary at this point.--{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 07:38, 6 August 2011 (UTC)

== Additional stylistic suggestions ==
If we could add guidance on the case structure of section headings - i.e. First letter of the first word capitalized the rest not, e.g. "See also" rather than "See Also" - I believe that would be useful.
Additionally, if we could note that the first occurrence of a relevant subject should be wikilinked and subsequent mentions need not that, too, would help. [[User:Pallando|Pallando]] 19:51, 4 March 2012 (UTC)

:Indeed. Everybody agree on "first word capitalized" in article headings? Same for categories? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:40, 4 March 2012 (UTC)

::I don't mind. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 21:04, 4 March 2012 (UTC)

==How to render titles==

For books it's nothing to discuss, we follow the standard italic form used in English. For articles, and chapters in books, our old standard is to use quotation marks, "X". However, what do we do with titles of poems? I'm always a little uncertain about this when editing.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:45, 4 March 2012 (UTC)

== Only relevant links? ==

I commented out the guideline mentioning that only words relevant to the context should be linked. Even if there is a justification behind it, I don't see anyone following it.

Does this guideline means that if we mention that Gandalf once walked among roses, we should not put a link to the [[roses]] article, because otherwise Gandalf has no relation to roses?

I understand that this derives from Wikipedia, which contains all kind of information, both from the real world, art or fiction, and that would make overly complicated the whole link-web of its database. But I don't think this rule serves any purpose here. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 19:43, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

:I agree with you, this guideline does not appear to be relevant here.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:21, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

== Canon ==

There seems to be some confusion as to what is to be regarded as canon. According to the Manual of Style, anything written by someone else than Tolkien ''is not'' canon – implying that everything Tolkien wrote ''is''. But this is contradicted by the [[Canon]] article, which makes the question justifiably more complex. However, neither of the definitions explain why, for instance, http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Square_of_the_Palace would not be canon. (It is of course easy to say that anything mentioned only in The Book of Lost Tales is not canon, but this is nowhere stated.)
[[User:Elros|Elros]] 08:36, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

:Welcome to TG, Elros (and it's always nice to see another fellow countryman)! This is the background (in short) behind the current situation, from my perspective: a couple of years ago we were trying to create a "canon scale" on TG, so we could grade the "canonical" status of certain concepts. We had much debate concerning how to create this scale, and made a temporary decision to use a simple non-canon template for articles about concepts not appearing in the works published during J.R.R. Tolkien's lifetime. However, we also abandoned this strategy, since we now have the goal to include references for every article (and thus readers can decide the "canonicity" themselves). The non-canon template which appears on the article you mention ("Square of the Palace") is an artifact from the interim period before we decided to leave the question of canon to the readers. That is not to say, though, that sometimes it can be complex to determine Tolkien's intention for a certain concept (e.g., like the well-known Celeborn case), which is why we try to include the section "Other versions of the legendarium" where appropriate. --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 11:06, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

::Thanks for the welcome, it's good to be here! Then I assume the { { Noncanon } } template can be removed whenever it is found, since it is an "artifact"? --[[User:Elros|Elros]] 12:10, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

:::My recommendation would be to remove the template in those cases where the article clearly states the origin of the concept (either with a reference and/or in the text itself). --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 12:13, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

::::Now that the matter has been brought up, I have also observed (and followed) that "non-canon" articles are usually written in an out-of-universe manner. See for example the first paragraph of [[Luthany]] written by myself, whereas canonical articles are written in a historical style. I perceived this as asubtle and unofficial way to indicate non-canonicity. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 13:00, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

Talk:Hithlum

2013-07-22T17:36:37Z

DenDAY: Created page with "I'd like to discus the 1st reference: "Hithlum was separated from Beleriand proper by the Ered Wethrin mountain chain, and was named after the sea mists which formed there at tim..."

I'd like to discus the 1st reference: "Hithlum was separated from Beleriand proper by the Ered Wethrin mountain chain, and was named after the sea mists which formed there at times." I've just found in ''HoME vol. V'' that it was named after the mists that Morgoth send from Angband and this is also what is written in the edition I have of ''The Silmarillion''. Can someone explain the current reference? Because if not I will chance it. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 17:36, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

Dorthonion

2013-07-22T17:26:53Z

DenDAY:

{{location
| image=
| name=Dorthonion
| othernames=Taur-na-Foen
| etymology=
| type=Forested Highlands
| location=North of [[Doriath]]
| inhabitants=[[Elves]], [[Men]], [[Orcs]]
| realms=[[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]], [[Finrod]], later [[House of Bëor]]
| description=Hilly region with pine forests
| events=[[Dagor Bragollach]], [[Massacre at Tarn Aeluin]]
| references=
|}}
{{Pronounce|Dorthonion.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Dorthonion''' was a forested highland region in the north of [[Beleriand]] which spanned a hundred leagues from west to east<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 260</ref>. The hilly northeastern section was called '''[[Ladros]]'''. Dorthonion was walled-in by the [[Echoriath]] ("Encircling Mountains") in the west and the [[Ered Gorgoroth]] ("Mountains of Terror") in the south.<ref name="Map">{{S|Map}}</ref>

From the plains of [[Ard-galen]] to the north, Dorthonion rose gradually until it became a bleak land of tarns and bare tors near the precipices of the Ered Gorgoroth. In the north and the west the land was covered with great forests of pines.<ref name="Beleriand">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> The rivers [[Rivil]] and [[Mindeb]] had their sources in these uplands, as did the lake [[Aeluin]].<ref name="Map"/> In the center of the land was a tall peak called [[Foen]].<ref>{{WJ|Beleriand}}, pp. 183, 187</ref>

==History==
During the tumult when the [[Valar]] broke the gates of [[Utumno]] after the awakening of the [[elves]], the highlands of Dorthonion were first raised.<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref>.

In year {{FA|6|n}} of the [[First Age]]<ref>{{GA|64}}</ref> King [[Thingol]] gave permission to the [[Noldor]] to settle the northern lands of Beleriand.<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref> North Dorthonion was ruled by the Elf-lords [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]] and Ladros was ruled by [[Finrod]].<ref name="Beleriand"/>

After Finrod and his people removed to [[Nargothrond]] in the south, [[High King of the Noldor|High King]] [[Fingolfin]] granted the land of Ladros to the [[House of Bëor]] as a fiefdom.<ref>{{S|West}}</ref>

In {{FA|455}} Dorthonion was overrun by the armies of [[Morgoth]] in the [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame") and thereafter was called '''[[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]]''' ("Forest under Nightshade").<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> [[Barahir]] refused to forsake Dorthonion and remained with twelve companions near [[Tarn Aeluin]]. Through the treachery of [[Gorlim]] nearly all of this band were killed, save for the son of [[Barahir]], [[Beren]]. Baren followed the [[Orcs]] who had killed his father to [[Rivil's Well]]. He then killed the Orc captain and recovered the [[Ring of Barahir]]. Eventually he was pursued so closely that Beren fled from Dorthonion over the [[Gorgoroth]].<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

Many, many years later, on [[29 February]], {{TA|3019}},<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> [[Treebeard]] chanted to [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] as he carried them through [[Fangorn]] Forest and he mentioned "''To the pine-trees upon the highland of Dorthonion I climbed in the Winter.''"<ref>{{TT|III4}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Dorthonion means "Land of the Pine Trees" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[dôr]]'' = "land, dwelling-place" and ''[[thôn]]'' = "pine tree").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}</ref>

In a philological fragment of uncertain date it is stated that Dorthonion was also called '''''Taur-na-Foen''''', the Forest of the Foen.<ref>{{WJ|Beleriand}}, p. 187</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Hills]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Dorthonion]]
[[fi:Dorthonion]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:beleriand:dorthonion]]

Teleri

2013-07-19T14:21:46Z

DenDAY:

{{disambig-two|the Third Clan in general|the Teleri of Aman|[[Falmari]]}}
{{race
|image=[[File:Tania Weil - Telerin Elf maiden.jpg|250px]]
|name=Teleri
|dominions=[[Alqualondë]], [[Isle of Balar]], [[Ossiriand]], [[Doriath]], [[Tol Eressëa]], [[Edhellond]], [[Mithlond]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Mirkwood]]
|languages=[[Common Telerin]], [[Telerin]], [[Sindarin]], [[Nandorin]]
|height=Tall
|length=
|skincolor=White
|haircolor=Dark, silver
|feathers=
|distinctions=Adoration for the sea/forest
|lifespan=Immortal
|members=[[Elwë]], [[Olwë]], [[Celeborn]], [[Círdan]], [[Lenwë]]
}}
The '''Teleri''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈteleri]}}) were the third of the [[Elves|Elf]] clans who took the [[Great Journey]]. They were the ancestors of the [[Valinor]]ean Teleri (became known as the [[Falmari]]), and the [[Sindar]], [[Laiquendi]], and [[Nandor]] of [[Middle-earth]].

The '''[[Nelyar]]''' ("The Third") were the largest of the three houses of the Elves. According to legend, the Teleri were descended from [[Enel]], the third Elf to [[Awakening of the Elves|awake]] in [[Cuiviénen]], his spouse [[Enelyë]] and their seventy-two companions; most of the [[Avari]] originally belonged to this clan. But it was [[Elwë]], the first of the Teleri to come to Valinor, who became their king.

In ancient times they named themselves '''[[Teleri#Names|Lindar]]''', or "Singers", because they were known for their fair voice.

==History==
=== During the Great Journey ===

When the [[Valar]] decided to bring the [[Quendi]] to [[Aman]], they chose three ambassadors. [[Ingwë]], [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë]] traveled there and tried to convice their people to make the journey. Many of them, particularly of the Nelyar clan, refused, and were named [[Avari]], "The Unwilling".

The Teleri clan, led by Elwë and his brother [[Olwë]] was the last clan to depart, and they were the only ones who were unwilling to leave the wild lands of [[Middle-earth]]. After traveling for many years, the Teleri stopped near river [[Anduin]] being frightened by the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]] ([[Misty Mountains]]). Then a group led by [[Lenwë]] departed from the journey and headed south. They were called the [[Nandor]]. Eventually, the other Teleri passed the Misty Mountains and dwelt in eastern [[Beleriand]] near the river [[Gelion]].

That was the time when Elwë fell in love with [[Melian]] the [[Maiar|Maia]] and became separated from the Teleri, standing in the forest of [[Nan Elmoth]] for a long time only staring at her. Some Teleri, especially his friends and close relatives were searching for him for a long time.

When the Vanyar and the Noldor traveled into the West, the Teleri were living near the Gelion and did not hear [[Ulmo]]'s call. When they learned that the others had traveled, they headed to the shores of Beleriand near the mouth of the river [[Sirion]] waiting for [[Ulmo]]. The Maia [[Ossë]] kept them company while they waited, and became their friend. Seeing that Elwë had disappeared, they made Olwë their only High King.

Later, when Ulmo arrived again with the island ferry, most of the Teleri agreed to travel. Again, there were some who wanted to stay with Ossë, and they were known as [[Falathrim]], led by [[Círdan]]. After Elwë was found again and Círdan accepted him as King of Beleriand, the folk of both Elwë and Círdan became collectively known as the [[Sindar]], who also called themselves the [[Eglath]].

=== After the Great Journey ===

The island was stabilized by Ulmo near the [[Bay of Eldamar]], and it was named [[Tol Eressëa]], ''The Lonely Island''. The Teleri lived there for many years until they felt that they should see the other [[Eldar]] who lived in Aman proper. With the help of Ossë they built ships and traveled to the coasts of Aman, where they dwelt. There Olwë built [[Alqualondë]], the greatest city of Teleri, and its people were united with the people of [[Tirion]] and [[Finwë]].

Later, when [[Morgoth|Melkor]] stole the [[Silmarils]], the [[Noldor]] led by [[Fëanor]] demanded that the Teleri let them use their ships. When the Teleri refused, they took the ships by force, committing the [[First Kinslaying]]. For this reason few or none of the Teleri joined the host of the [[Valar]] which at the end of the [[First Age]] set out to capture [[Morgoth]] for good. It is recounted that the Teleri eventually forgave the Noldor for the Kinslayings, and the two kindreds were at peace again.

==Sundering of Teleri==
*'''[[Falmari]]'''. Led by [[Olwë]], they (along with [[Elwë]] and his direct descendants) were the only [[Calaquendi]] of the Teleri clan. They lived in Tol Eressëa and along the east shores of Aman.

*'''[[Nandor]]''' Teleri who abandoned the Great Journey near river Anduin, led by [[Lenwë]].
**'''[[Laiquendi]]''' The Elves of [[Ossiriand]], who were themselves Nandor led by [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]].

*'''[[Sindar]]''' All Teleri who remained in Beleriand. The Sindar of [[Beleriand]] called themselves simply ''[[Sindar|Edhil]]'', which means ''Elves'', and is related to the Quenya word ''Eldar'' of the same meaning. Elwë was their King. These were further divided into:
**'''[[Iathrim]]'''<ref name="Q&E-B-S-3">{{HM|WJ}}, "[[Quendi and Eldar]]", B., ''Sindarin'', 3.</ref>, those who lived in [[Doriath]], the realm directly ruled by King [[Thingol]], that is Elwë.
**'''[[Falathrim]]''', those who lived in the [[Falas]] ruled by [[Círdan]].
**'''Mithrim'''<ref name="Q&E-B-S-3"/>, or Sindar of the North, those who lived in Northern Beleriand: in [[Hithlum]], especially in the area called after them [[Mithrim]], in [[Dorthonion]] or in [[Nevrast]]. They suffered most from Morgoth's attacks before the first rising of the Sun, and their remnants were largely absorbed by the Noldor who afterwards occupied those lands.

==Language==
The Teleri spoke the [[Common Telerin]] language during the Journey, from which [[Sindarin]] (with its dialects of [[Doriathrin]], [[Falathrin]] and [[North Sindarin]]) and [[Nandorin]] were derived, as well as the [[Telerin]] of Aman, often considered a dialect of [[Quenya]] (if only by virtue that it preserved more of the archaic Common Eldarin features than any other language and remained mutually intelligible with Quenya).

==Etymology==
''Teleri'' is the plural of ''Teler'' which means "last", root [[TEL]].

In ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' the word Teleri refers both to the Third Clan in general, and that branch that made it to Aman, taken from the Vanyar and Noldor point of view; particularly the Teleri of Aman were called [[Falmari]].

==Names==

Equivalent names of the Teleri were '''''[[Nelyar]]''''' and '''''Lindar'''''. ''Lindar'' ([[Quenya]] "singers", pron. {{IPA|[ˈlindar]}}) was the name by which the [[Teleri]] called themselves.

Another name was [[Sindarin]] '''''Glinnil''''' (sing ''Glinnel''), a name which appears to have been used only by the loremasters among the Eldar.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 378, 385</ref>

The Teleri were also known by many other names: the Foam-riders, the Singers of the Shore, the Free, the Swift, the Arrow-elves (for their love of bow and arrow), the Elves of the Sea, the Ship-wrights, the Swanherds, the Gatherers of Pearl, the Blue Elves, and the people of Olwë.<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}, p. 164</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the early versions of Tolkien's mythology (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''), they were known as '''''Solosimpi''''' ("Pipers of the Shores"), while the name ''Teleri'' was given to the clan of Elves known in the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' as [[Vanyar]].

==See also==

*[[:Category:Images of Teleri|Images of Teleri]]

{{elves}}
{{references}}<small>
* {{HM|S}}, "[[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]"
* {{HM|S}}, "[[Of Thingol and Melian]]"
* {{HM|S}}, "[[Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië]]"
* {{HM|S}}, "[[Of the Sindar]]"
* {{HM|S}}, "[[Of Beleriand and its Realms]]"
</small>

[[Category:Elves]]
[[Category:Teleri| ]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Teleri]]
[[fa:تلری]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:elfes:teleri:teleri]]
[[fi:Teleri (kansa)]]

Vanyar

2013-07-19T14:18:50Z

DenDAY: Added weapons preference

{{expansion}}{{sources}}
{{race
|image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Fields of Gold.jpg|250px]]
|name=Vanyar.
|dominions=[[Oiolossë]]
|languages=Vanyarin [[Quenya]]
|height=Tall
|length=
|skincolor=Pale
|haircolor=Golden
|feathers=
|distinctions=Most revered of the [[Elves|Elven]] kindreds, loved by [[Manwë]].
|lifespan=Immortal.
|members=[[Imin]], [[Iminyë]], [[Ingwë]], [[Indis]], [[Elemmírë (Elf)|Elemmírë]], [[Amarië]], and others.
}}

The '''Vanyar''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˈvaɲar]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˈβaɲar]}}) are one of the three groups of [[High Elves]], along with the [[Noldor]], and some of the [[Teleri]]. They comprise most of those who did not leave Aman.

== Origins ==

The Vanyar are the highest of the High Elves. According to legend, the clan was founded by [[Imin]], the first [[Elves|Elf]] to awake in [[Cuiviénen]], his wife [[Iminyë]], and their twelve companions. At this time, they were called the '''Minyar''' (Q: "first ones", pron. {{IPA|[ˈmiɲar]}}). However, it was [[Ingwë]], the first Vanya to travel with [[Oromë]] to [[Valinor]], who became their king. They were the first to reach [[Beleriand]] after the [[Great Journey]].

All of the Vanyar journeyed to [[Valinor]] before the beginning of the [[Years of the Sun]], and remained there. They are said to have the greatest skill in poetry of all the Elves, and Manwë and Varda love them for this.

At first the Vanyar dwelt in [[Tirion]] with the [[Noldor]] but they loved the light of the [[Two Trees]] and settled in the plains and woods [[Valinor]] or the slopes of [[Taniquetil]]. Ingwë is called ''[[High King of the Elves]]''. He lives on Taniquetil beneath the halls of [[Manwë]]. <ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>

Another notable Vanya was [[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwë]] and grandmother of [[Galadriel]]. It is from her Vanyarin blood that Galadriel gained the golden part of her famous silver-gold hair.

== Description ==

The Vanyar were the first and smallest clan of the Elves. They typically had blonde hair. Few of them were ever seen in [[Middle-earth]], as they only returned for the [[War of Wrath]].

They are also known as the "Spear-elves" for their love of spears, as opposed to the sword and shield of the Noldor and the bow and arrow of the Teleri.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 215 footnote to §29</ref>

==Names==

The Vanyar called themselves '''''Minyar''''', "the Firsts", their ancient name. Another name was '''''Ingar''''' or '''''Ingwer''''' which means "Chieftains" (etymologically related to the name [[Ingwë]]).

In [[Sindarin]] they were called [[Miniel|Minil]].

The Vanyar also known under the name "'''Fair-elves'''",<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref> from the fair colour of their hair.<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Vanyar''</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Vanyar'' means "the Fair" in [[Quenya]], referring to their golden hair. It seems to be from a [[primitive Elvish]] form ''[[bányâ]]''<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 351</ref><ref>{{HM|PM}}, p. 402</ref> (stem [[BAN]]) but also from ''[[wanjâ]]'' (stem [[WAN]])<ref>{{HM|WJ}}, p. 383</ref>. The Teleri called them [[Baniai]].

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
In the earliest versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see: ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]''), they were called '''''Teleri''''', while the Elves known as [[Teleri]] in the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' were called ''Solosimpi''.

In the late manuscript ''[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]'' (ca. 1968), the Vanyar are also called '''''Ingwi'''''. Christopher Tolkien notes that this might be the only use of the term since the [[The Lhammas|''Lhammas'']] (1930s), when ''Ingwi'' was a name for an early conception of the [[Lindar]] (that is, being the first clan of Elves, the house and people of Ingwë).<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 332, 356 (note 3)</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Jenny Dolfen - Fields of Gold.jpg | [[Amarië]]
File:Anonymous - Elemm.gif | [[Elemmírë (Elf)|Elemmírë]]
File:Marya Filatova - Turukano and Elenwe.jpg | [[Elenwë]]



File:Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg | [[Ingwë]]
</gallery>
{{elves}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar| ]]
[[de:Vanyar]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/vanyar]]
[[fi:Vanyar]]

Noldor

2013-07-19T14:13:50Z

DenDAY: Added weapons preference

{{sources}}
{{race
|image=[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin.jpg|250px]]
|name=Noldor
|dominions=[[Tirion]], [[Vinyamar]], [[Hithlum]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Dorthonion]], [[Gondolin]], [[East Beleriand]], [[Lindon]], [[Eregion]].
|languages=[[Quenya|Noldorin Quenya]].
|height=Tall.
|length=
|skincolor=White.
|haircolor=Dark, sometimes red.
|feathers=
|distinctions=Great skill with metal and gems, deep knowledge.
|lifespan=Immortal.
|members=[[Finwë]], [[Fëanor]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Finrod]], [[Fingon]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Turgon]], [[Galadriel]], [[Indis]], [[Celebrimbor]], [[Orodreth]].
}}
The '''Noldor''' ([[Third Age]] Exilic [[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnoldor]}}) or '''Ñoldor''' (older and [[Aman]]ya Q, pron. {{IPA|[ˈŋoldor]}}) were those of the second clan of the [[Elves]] who came to [[Aman]]. They were highly skilled in crafts and gained much knowledge, which they passed on to [[Men]] after their [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]]. Their [[High King of the Noldor|King]] was originally [[Finwë]], but he was slain by [[Morgoth]], leading his son [[Fëanor]] to avenge him and the theft of his [[Silmarils|jewels]] by making war upon Morgoth in [[Middle-earth]]. The war of the Noldor against Morgoth comprises many of the tales of the [[First Age]].

==History==
According to legend, the clan was founded by [[Tata]], the second Elf to awake at [[Cuiviénen]], his spouse Tatië and their 54 companions, but it was [[Finwë]], the first
Ñoldor to come to [[Valinor]] with [[Oromë]], who became their King, and led most of them to Valinor.

===The Noldor in Valinor===
The Noldor were accounted the greatest of the Elves and all the peoples in [[Middle-earth]] in lore, warfare and crafts. In Valinor "great became their knowledge and their skill; yet even greater was their thirst for more knowledge, and in many things they soon surpassed their teachers. The Noldor were changeful in speech, for they had great love of words, and sought ever to find names more fit for all things they knew or imagined". They were beloved of [[Aulë]] the Smith, and were the first to discover and carve gems. Their chief dwelling-place was the city of [[Tirion]] upon [[Túna]]. Among the wisest of the Noldor were [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]], creator of the first writing system and author of many books of lore. [[Fëanor]], son of Finwë and [[Míriel]], was the greatest of their craftsmen, "mightiest in skill of word and of hand", and creator of the [[Silmarils]].

The Noldor earned the greatest hatred of [[Morgoth|Melkor]], who envied their prosperity and, most of all, the Silmarils. So he went often among them, offering counsel, and the Noldor hearkened, being eager for lore. But amid his seemingly good advice, Melkor sowed lies to turn one House of the Noldor against another, and in the end the peace in Tirion was poisoned. After threatening his half-brother [[Fingolfin]], Fëanor was banished from Tirion by the [[Valar]], and with him went Finwë his father. Fingolfin remained as the ruler of the Noldor of Tirion.

But Melkor had yet other designs to accomplish. Soon after with the aid of [[Ungoliant]] he destroyed the [[Two Trees]], and coming to [[Formenos]] he killed Finwë, stole the Silmarils, and departed from Aman. Fëanor, driven by grief and desiring vengeance, rebelled against the Valar by coming back into Tirion and making a speech before the Noldor, in which he persuaded them to leave Valinor, follow Melkor to [[Middle-earth]], and wage war against him for the recovery of the Silmarils. He swore a terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]], as did his [[Sons of Fëanor|sons]], to pursue Melkor and reclaim the Silmarils at all costs. Fëanor then claimed the title of the High King since his father was dead, but though the greater part of the Noldor still held Fingolfin as King, they followed Fëanor into [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]] due to their valor.

====The Kinslaying====
The Noldor led by Fëanor demanded that the [[Teleri]] let them use their ships. When the Teleri refused, they took the ships by force, committing the first [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|kinslaying]]. A messenger from the Valar came later and delivered the [[Doom of Mandos]], pronouncing judgment on the Noldor for the Kinslaying and rebellion and warning that if they proceeded they would not recover the Silmarils and moreover would be slain or tormented by grief. At this, some of the Noldor who had no hand in the Kinslaying, including [[Finarfin]] son of Finwë and [[Indis]], returned to Valinor, and the Valar forgave them. Other Noldor led by Fingolfin (some of whom were blameless in the Kinslaying) remained determined to leave Valinor for Middle-earth. Prominent among these others was Finarfin's son, [[Finrod]].

===Exile to Middle-earth===
The Noldor led by Fëanor crossed the sea to Middle-earth, leaving those led by Fingolfin, his half-brother, behind. Upon his arrival in Middle-earth, Fëanor had the ships burned. When the Noldor led by Fingolfin discovered their betrayal, they went farther north and crossed the sea at the [[Grinding Ice]] which cost them many lives.

Fëanor's company was soon attacked by Morgoth. When Fëanor rode too far from his bodyguard during the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], several [[Balrogs|Balrogs]], including their Lord [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], fought him. Despite battling valiantly, Fëanor was mortally wounded and would have been captured and taken to Angband had it not been for the swift arrival of his sons. However, Fëanor died whilst being taken back to his own people.

Because Fëanor had taken the ships and left the Noldor led by his half-brother on the west side of the sea, much enmity remained between the royal Houses of the Noldor. [[Fingon]] son of Fingolfin, saved [[Maedhros]] Fëanor's son from Morgoth's imprisonment, however, and the feud was settled. Maedhros was due to succeed Fëanor, but he regretted his part of the Kinslaying and left the High Kingship of the Noldor to his uncle Fingolfin, who became the first High King of the Noldor in Middle-earth. His brothers did not agree to this, and began to refer to themselves as ''the Dispossessed'', because the High Kingship had passed them by.

====Kingdoms of the Noldor====
In the north-west of Middle-earth the Noldor made alliance with the [[Sindar]], the Elves of [[Beleriand]], and later with Men of the Three Houses of the [[Edain]]. Fingolfin reigned long in the land of [[Hithlum]], and his younger son [[Turgon]] built the Hidden City of [[Gondolin]]. The Sons of Fëanor ruled the lands in Eastern Beleriand, while Finrod Finarfin's son was the King of [[Nargothrond]] and his brothers [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]] held [[Dorthonion]]. Fingolfin's reign was marked by warfare against Morgoth and in the year 60 of the First Age after their victory in [[Dagor Aglareb]] the Noldor started the [[Siege of Angband]], the great fortress of Morgoth. In the year 455 the Siege was broken by Morgoth in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], in which the north-eastern Elvish realms were conquered. Fingolfin in despair rode to Angband and challenged Morgoth to single combat. He dealt Morgoth seven wounds but perished, and he was succeeded by his eldest son Fingon, who became the second High King of the Noldor in Beleriand.

====The Nirnaeth Arnoediad====
In the year 472, Maedhros organised an all-out attack on Morgoth and this led to the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], the Battle of Unnumbered Tears. Betrayed by the new-come [[Easterlings]], the forces of the Noldor, Sindar and Edain were utterly defeated. Fingon the Valiant was slain; he was succeeded by his brother Turgon.

Morgoth scattered the remaining forces of the Sons of Fëanor, and in 495 Nargothrond was also overridden. Turgon had withdrawn to Gondolin which was kept hidden from both Morgoth and other Elves. In 510, Gondolin was betrayed by [[Maeglin]] and sacked. During the attack Turgon was killed; however, many of his people escaped and found their way south. Turgon had no sons, so [[Gil-galad]], last surviving male descendant of Fingolfin, became the fourth and last High King of the Noldor in Middle-earth.

Finally the Valar came down to Middle-earth and in the years 545-583 the [[War of Wrath]] was fought and Morgoth was cast into the Void. But Beleriand sank into the sea, except for a part of [[Ossiriand]] (Lindon), and a few isles. The defeat of Morgoth marked the end of the [[First Age]] and the start of the [[Second Age|Second]].

===The Second Age===
Most of the Noldor sailed back to Aman at the End of the First Age; but some, like [[Galadriel]] daughter of Finarfin or [[Celebrimbor]] grandson of Fëanor, refused the pardon of the Valar and remained in Middle-earth. Gil-galad founded a new kingdom at Lindon, and ruled throughout the Second Age, longer than any of the High Kings except for Finwë. He was also accepted as High King by the Noldor of [[Eregion]]. But after a while [[Sauron]] had replaced his master Morgoth as the Dark Lord. With the aid of the [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]] he fortified [[Mordor]] and began the long war with the remaining Elves. He attacked Eregion, destroying it, but was withstood in [[Rivendell]] and Lindon. With the aid of the [[Númenóreans]], the Noldor managed to defeat him for a time.

However, in the year 3319 of the Second Age Númenor fell due to [[Ar-Pharazôn]]'s rebellion against the Valar, in which Sauron had a great part. When [[Elendil]] with his sons escaped to Middle-earth and established the realms of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], Sauron tried to conquer Gondor before it could take root. Both Elendil and Gil-galad set out for Mordor in the [[Last Alliance]] of Men and Elves and defeated Sauron in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] and finally in the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. There Gil-galad perished, and so ended the High Kingship of the Noldor. Of the descendants of Finwë in Middle-earth, only Galadriel and [[Elrond]] Half-elven remained (and the Númenórean Kings through Elrond's twin brother [[Elros]]).

===The Third Age===
In the [[Third Age]], the Noldor in Middle-earth dwindled, and by the end of the Third Age the only big communities of Noldor remaining in Middle-earth were in Rivendell and Lindon. Their further fate of fading utterly from the World was shared by all Elves.

==High Kings of the Noldor==
* In Valinor:
# [[Finwë]], first High King.
# [[Fëanor]], first son of Finwë; claimed the title after his father's death.
# [[Fingolfin]], second son of Finwë; held to be the High King by the majority of the Noldor.
# [[Finarfin]], third son of Finwë; ruled the Noldor remaining in Aman.

* In Middle-earth:
# [[Fingolfin]], after Maedhros son of Fëanor gave up his claims.
# [[Fingon]], first son of Fingolfin.
# [[Turgon]], second son of Fingolfin.
# [[Gil-galad]], son of Orodreth, son of Angrod.

It is not known exactly how Finwë became High King: he may have been a descendant of the Noldorin primogenitor ''"Tata"'', or simply have been accepted as leader based on his status as ambassador to the Valar. The Noldor had many princely houses besides that of Finwë: [[Glorfindel]] of Gondolin and [[Gwindor]] of Nargothrond, while not related to Finwë, were princes in their own right. These lesser houses held no realms, however: all the Noldorin realms of Beleriand and later Eriador were ruled by a descendant of Finwë.

The [[Men|Mannish]] descendants of [[Elros]] (the [[Kings of Arnor]]) called themselves High Kings, although their authority was only over the [[Dúnedain]]. As descendants through the female line Elros and his brother Elrond were not considered eligible, and Elrond indeed never claimed Kingship.

It is perhaps notable that Galadriel, the last of the House of Finwë in Middle-earth (other than the [[Half-elven]]) and Gil-galad's great-aunt, likewise never claimed a title, let alone that of High Queen. Indeed the only known Elven "kingdom" in Middle-earth after the Second Age was the [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] realm of Mirkwood, ruled by the Sinda [[Thranduil]].

==The House of Finwë==
The leaders of the Noldor were all members of the House of Finwë. The descendants of this house were also many of the major historical figures of the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third]] Ages, culminating in [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] and his wife [[Arwen]]. Below is a family tree showing the lines of descent from Finwë to the kings of Elves and [[Men]] in [[Middle-earth]] and [[Númenor]]. The names of the High Kings of the Noldor are in bold.

(1) [[Míriel]] = '''[[Finwë]]''' = [[Indis]] (2)
| |
| --------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
[[Nerdanel]] = '''[[Fëanor]]''' [[Findis]] [[Anairë]] = '''[[Fingolfin]]''' [[Irimë]] [[Finarfin]] = [[Eärwen]]
| | |
| --------------------------- ---------------------------
| | | | | | | | |
[[Sons of Fëanor|Seven Sons of Fëanor]] '''[[Fingon]]''' '''[[Turgon]]''' = [[Elenwë]] | [[Argon]] [[Finrod]] [[Angrod]] [[Aegnor]] |
: | | | |
[[Celebrimbor]] | [[Aredhel]] = [[Eöl]] [[Orodreth]] [[Celeborn]] = [[Galadriel]]
| | | |
[[Tuor]] = [[Idril]] [[Maeglin]] ------------- |
| | | |
[[Eärendil]] = [[Elwing]] '''[[Gil-galad]]''' [[Finduilas]] |
| |
----------------------------------------- |
| | |
[[Elros]] [[Elrond]] = [[Celebrían]]
: |
: ------------------------
: | |
[[Aragorn]] = [[Arwen]] [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]
|
----------------------
| |
[[Eldarion]] Numerous daughters
:
Kings of [[Reunited Kingdom]]

==Characteristics==
The Noldor were the Second Clan of the Elves in both order and size, the other clans being the [[Vanyar]], a smaller group, and the [[Teleri]], a much larger one. The Noldor typically had grey eyes and dark hair (except for those who had Vanyarin blood, most prominently the members of the [[House of Finarfin]]).

However, the Noldor were the proudest of the Elves; in the words of the [[Sindar]], they came to Middle-earth because "they needed room to quarrel in". It was this pride that Melkor used to turn the Houses of [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]] and [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] against each other. The pride of the Noldor also led to their [[Fall of the Noldor|Fall]] and [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]] (and their continued quarrels in Middle-earth, as noted by the Sindar).

Of the three clans of the [[Eldar]] they are also the people who most favors sword and shield as their weapons.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 215 footnote to §29</ref><ref>{LR|Quenta}}, p. 228 footnote to §49</ref>

==Etymology and Names==
The singular form of the [[Quenya]] noun is '''[[Noldo]]''' and the adjective is '''[[Noldorin]]'''.

''noldo'' is derived from the [[Elvish]] [[Sundocarme|root]] [[NGOL]].<ref name=WJC>{{WJ|C}}, p. 383</ref>

The Noldor were called '''[[Golodhrim]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[ɡoˈloðrim]}}) or '''Gódhellim''' ({{IPA|[ɡoˈðelːim]}}) by [[Sindarin]]-speakers and '''Goldoi''' by [[Falmari]] of [[Tol Eressëa]]; they are also known as ''Deep Elves'' ("deep" as in "wise, learned"). Additionally, the Sindarin singular '''[[Golodh]]''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡoloð]}}) could be pluralized '''[[Golodhrim]]''', '''[[Gelydh]]''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡelyð]}}, later {{IPA|[ˈɡelið]}}) or more archaicly '''[[Gœlydh]]''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡølyð]}}).{{fact}}

Other names used for the Noldor included the Wise, the Golden, the Valiant, the Sword-elves, the Elves of the Earth, the Foes of Melkor, the Skilled of Hand, the Jewel-wrights, the Companions of Men, and the Followers of Finwë.<ref>{{HM|MR}}, p. 164</ref> It is also told that the Noldor were often called the Lispers by other native speakers of Quenya (such as the [[Vanyar]]), since they retained the medial "th" in their speech.<ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 34</ref>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
In the early versions of Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''), the Noldor were most often called ''Noldoli'' or ''[[Gnomes]]''. They were still called Gnomes in early editions of ''[[The Hobbit]]''. They were also the ones who spoke the language that later became [[Sindarin]] (then called ''Gnomish'' or ''Noldorin'').

The spelling ''Ñoldor'' rather than ''Noldor'' was used by Tolkien in his later writings (the character ''ñ'' signifying the velar nasal, the sound found in the English word "si'''ng'''"), but even in earlier versions the name ''Ñoldo'' came from a [[Primitive Quendian]] stem *ñgolodō, which led to Ñoldo in [[Quenya]] and ''Golodh'' in [[Sindarin]].

The family tree given above is correct in the placement of [[Orodreth]] and [[Gil-galad]]: Orodreth was [[Angrod]]'s son, and [[Gil-galad]] was Orodreth's son, thus the grandson of [[Angrod]] and great-grandson of [[Finarfin]], and brother to [[Finduilas]]. These are wrongly placed in the published ''Silmarillion''. (See Orodreth and Gil-galad articles for details). [[Argon]], the third son of [[Fingolfin]], does not appear in the published ''Silmarillion'' at all.

==See also==
* [[Quenya]]
* [[Finwë]]
* [[House of Finwë]]
* [[Fëanor]]
* [[Fingolfin]]
* [[Silmarils]]
* [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]
* [[Doom of Mandos]]
* [[Exile of the Noldor]]
{{references}}
{{elves}}
[[Category:Noldor| ]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Noldor]]
[[fa:نولدور]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/noldor]]
[[fi:Noldor]]

Tulkas

2013-07-18T14:01:34Z

DenDAY:

{{sources}}
{{valar infobox
| image=[[File:Angel Falto - Tulkas.jpg|250px]]
| name=Tulkas
| othernames=Tulukhastāz, Astaldo, Tulcus, The Valiant.
| coming=c. [[Years of the Lamps]] 1500.
| appointment=Champion of the [[Valar]].
| creations=
| maiar=
| dwelling=[[Valinor]].
| gender=Male.
| spouse=[[Nessa]].
| siblings=
| appearance= Ruddy skin.
| robes=
| hair=Golden.
| eyes=
}}
'''Tulkas''' was a [[Valar|Vala]]. He was the spouse of [[Nessa]].

==History==
Tulkas was the most warlike of the Valar and the last of them to descend into [[Arda]], coming to the aid of the others when he heard of their war with [[Morgoth|Melkor]]. Melkor fled before him, and the [[Spring of Arda]] was begun.

After the [[Two Lamps]] were erected and the Valar had made their first dwelling at [[Almaren]], Tulkas wedded [[Nessa]] in a great feast. Being weary and content he slept, and Melkor decided his hour to retaliate had come.

Tulkas is described as delighting in wrestling and contests of strength. He wielded no weapon, and rode no steed. As he cared little about either past or future, he was not a good councillor, but nonetheless a very hardy friend.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 206 §7</ref> He is described as being slow to wrath, but also slow to forgive—for that reason, he was one of the Valar that opposed the release of Melkor.

Tulkas also tended to be impatient; before the [[Awakening of the Elves]] he urged the other Valar to wage war against Melkor. After the [[Darkening of Valinor]] he also hurried [[Fëanor]] to take a decision about surrendering the [[Silmarils]].

It is said that in the [[Dagor Dagorath]], Tulkas will once more oppose [[Melkor]], and will directly fight him in the battle and play a large role in assisting in his defeat. The victor is unknown, as it will be supposedly by the hand of [[Túrin]] that Melkor is slain once and for all.

==Etymology==
The name ''Tulkas'' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈtulkas]}}) means in [[Quenya]] "strong, steadfast".<ref name=one>{{LT1|Appendix}}, p. 270</ref> '''''Tulukhastāz''''' ("the golden-haried")<ref group=note>''Tulukhastāz'' is said to consist of the Valarin elements ''tulukha(n)'' ("yellow") and ''(a)šata-'' ("hair of head").</ref> was the original [[Valarin]] name for Tulkas.<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}, p. 399</ref>

In [[Noldorin]], his name is '''''Tulcus''''' ({{IPA|[ˈtulkus]}}).<ref name=one/>

==Other names==
He was also called '''''Astaldo''''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "the Valiant", pron. {{IPA|[asˈtaldo]}}).<ref>{{S|Vala}}</ref> ''Astaldo'' replaced the earlier name ''Poldórëa''.<ref>{{HM|IX}}, p. 361</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 181 (forms: ''Poldórea'', ''Poldor'', ''Poldomo'')</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Tulkas is referred as ''Afodfrea'' "Strength-ruler".<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

In an early manuscript, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] suggested a surname of Tulkas: '''''Ender'''''.<ref>{{VT|45a}}, p. 11</ref>

{{References|note}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Tulkas]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/tulkas]]
[[fi:Tulkas]]

Tulkas

2013-07-18T13:55:52Z

DenDAY: Added a few sources.

{{sources}}
{{valar infobox
| image=[[File:Angel Falto - Tulkas.jpg|250px]]
| name=Tulkas
| othernames=Tulukhastāz, Astaldo, Tulcus, The Valiant.
| coming=c. [[Years of the Lamps]] 1500.
| appointment=Champion of the [[Valar]].
| creations=
| maiar=
| dwelling=[[Valinor]].
| gender=Male.
| spouse=[[Nessa]].
| siblings=
| appearance= Ruddy skin.
| robes=
| hair=Golden.
| eyes=
}}
'''Tulkas''' was a [[Valar|Vala]]. He was the spouse of [[Nessa]].

==History==
Tulkas was the most warlike of the Valar and the last of them to descend into [[Arda]], coming to the aid of the others when he heard of their war with [[Morgoth|Melkor]]. Melkor fled before him, and the [[Spring of Arda]] was begun.

After the [[Two Lamps]] were erected and the Valar had made their first dwelling at [[Almaren]], Tulkas wedded [[Nessa]] in a great feast. Being weary and content he slept, and Melkor decided his hour to retaliate had come.

Tulkas is described as delighting in wrestling and contests of strength. He wielded no weapon, and rode no steed. As he cared little about either past or future, he was not a good councillor, but nonetheless a very hardy friend.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 206 §7</ref> He is described as being slow to wrath, but also slow to forgive—for that reason, he was one of the Valar that opposed the release of Melkor.

Tulkas also tended to be impatient; before the [[Awakening of the Elves]] he urged the other Valar to wage war against Melkor. After the [[Darkening of Valinor]] he also hurried [[Fëanor]] to take a decision about surrendering the [[Silmarils]].

It is said that in the [[Dagor Dagorath]], Tulkas will once more oppose [[Melkor]], and will directly fight him in the battle and play a large role in assisting in his defeat. The victor is unknown, as it will be supposedly by the hand of [[Túrin]] that Melkor is slain once and for all.

==Etymology==
The name ''Tulkas'' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈtulkas]}}) means in [[Quenya]] "strong, steadfast".<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, p. 270</ref> '''''Tulukhastāz''''' ("the golden-haried")<ref group=note>''Tulukhastāz'' is said to consist of the Valarin elements ''tulukha(n)'' ("yellow") and ''(a)šata-'' ("hair of head").</ref> was the original [[Valarin]] name for Tulkas.<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}, p. 399</ref>

In [[Noldorin]], his name is '''''Tulcus''''' ({{IPA|[ˈtulkus]}}).{{fact}}

==Other names==
He was also called '''''Astaldo''''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "the Valiant", pron. {{IPA|[asˈtaldo]}}).<ref>{{S|Vala}}</ref> ''Astaldo'' replaced the earlier name ''Poldórëa''.<ref>{{HM|IX}}, p. 361</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 181 (forms: ''Poldórea'', ''Poldor'', ''Poldomo'')</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Tulkas is referred as ''Afodfrea'' "Strength-ruler".<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

In an early manuscript, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] suggested a surname of Tulkas: '''''Ender'''''.<ref>{{VT|45a}}, p. 11</ref>

{{References|note}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Tulkas]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/tulkas]]
[[fi:Tulkas]]

Turgon

2013-07-16T18:05:56Z

DenDAY: /* Genealogy */ Corrected error which linked Elenwë as daughter of Fingolfin

{{expansion}}
{{disambig-two|the Lord of Gondolin|the Steward of Gondor|[[Turgon (Steward of Gondor)]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Antti Autio - Turgon Aran Gondolin.jpg|250px]]
| name=Turgon
| othernames=''Turukáno''
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]],<br/>[[King of Gondolin]]
| position=
| location=[[Gondolin]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]]
| birth={{YT|1300}}
| brithlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{FA|472}} - {{FA|510|n}} (High King)<br/>{{FA|126}} - {{FA|510|n}} (Gondolin)
| death={{FA|510}}
| deathlocation=[[Fall of Gondolin]]
| age=2,426<ref group="note">Years of the Sun. Each Year of the Tree is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the year 1500. So, 510 + 9.582 x 200 = 2,426.</ref>
| house=[[House of Fingolfin]]
| parentage=[[Fingolfin]] and [[Anairë]]
| siblings=[[Fingon]], [[Aredhel]] and [[Argon]]
| spouse=[[Elenwë]]
| children=[[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Glamdring]]
| steed=
}}'''Turgon''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈturɡon]}}) was an [[Elves|Elven]] king of the [[Noldor]], second son of [[Fingolfin]], brother to [[Fingon]], [[Aredhel]] and [[Argon]], and ruler of the hidden city of [[Gondolin]].

He is described as tall, wearing white with a gold belt and a crown of garnets, holding the [[Staff of Doom]] in his hand. He was often called "''the Wise''".

==History==
[[File:Marya Filatova - Turukano and Elenwe.jpg|left|thumb|Turgon and Elenwe in Aman]]
Although Turgon was originally against the departure of the Ñoldor from [[Aman]], he eventually did set out on the journey. After [[Fëanor]] and his sons departed using the only ships, he took his people across the dangerous [[Helcaraxë]] with his father Fingolfin. He lost his wife [[Elenwë]] in the crossing and settled at [[Vinyamar]] in [[Nevrast]].

When he journeyed with his cousin [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] along [[Sirion]], [[Ulmo]] sent both of them a dream to look for a hidden place where they could be safe from the power of [[Morgoth]]. Then in the following year Ulmo appeared directly to Turgon and guided him to the vale of [[Tumladen]] in the [[Encircling Mountains]], to which Turgon later secretly moved with many of the Ñoldor, deserting Nevrast, and built [[Gondolin]], where he ruled with the [[Staff of Doom]] in his right hand, and a coronet of garnets upon his head. At his side was [[Glamdring]]<ref>It was said in [[the Hobbit]] that it once belonged to the [[King of Gondolin]]</ref>.

Turgon and his people remained isolated in Gondolin for many years with his daughter [[Idril]], who married [[Tuor]] after the [[Men|man]] found the secret way and discovered the city.

Turgon reemerged with his host during the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], and although the battle was still lost, his intervention prevented the rout from completely destroying the armies of the Ñoldor and their allies. He was killed at [[Fall of Gondolin|Gondolin's fall]], when his tower fell down over his head.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]|IND=[[Indis]]|MIR=[[Míriel]]}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG |y| ANA | | IRM | | FIR | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]|FDS=[[Findis]]|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]|ANA=[[Anairë]]|IRM=[[Írimë]]|FIR=[[Finarfin]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| FIN | | TUR |y| ELE | | ARE |y| EOL | | ARG|FIN=[[Fingon]]|ARE=[[Aredhel]]|TUR='''TURGON'''|ELE=[[Elenwë]]|EOL=[[Eöl]]|ARG=[[Argon]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | TUO |y| IDR | | | | | | MAE | | | | | ||MAE=[[Maeglin]]|IDR=[[Idril]]|TUO=[[Tuor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | EAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||EAR=[[Eärendil]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Etymology==


''Turgon'' is the [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] version of his [[Quenya]] [[father-name]], '''''Turukáno'''''. The latter contains the element ''[[káno]]'' ("commander").<ref>{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 345</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Turgon|Images of Turgon]]

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=noldor
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[King of Gondolin]]
| dates={{FA|126}} - {{FA|510}}
| nvac=None
| next=[[Gondolin]] destroyed
}}
{{seq
|prev=[[Fingon]]
|next=[[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]]
|list=5th [[High King of the Noldor]]
| dates={{FA|472}} – {{FA|510}}
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{References|n}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[de:Turgon (Sohn von Fingolfin)]]
[[fi:Turgon (haltia)]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/turukano]]

Siege of Angband

2013-07-16T15:11:16Z

DenDAY: Added details of the position of the forces.

[[File:Felix Sotomayor - Noldor Sentinels (borderless).jpg|thumb|''Noldor Sentinels'' by Felix Sotomayor]]
The '''Siege of Angband''' was the 400-year leaguer of the [[Noldor]] around the fortress of [[Morgoth]] in the early centuries of the First Age, which began following the [[Dagor Aglareb]]. The Noldor and their allies possessed insufficient force to assault Angband directly.

In the west [[Fingolfin]] and [[Fingon]] guarded the pass over [[Ered Wethrin]] into [[Hithlum]] from [[Barad Eithel]], while [[Finrod]] and [[Orodreth]] held the pass of Sirion from [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]] and [[Angrod]] with [[Aegnor]] held the northern slopes of [[Dorthonion]] to the borders of [[Aglon]]. In the west the Sons of [[Fëanor]] held watch; [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]] held the land between the rivers [[Aros]] and [[Celon]], [[Maedhros]] had his stronghold on [[Himring]] while he guarded the Marches north of that hill and the plains between the rivers Celon and [[Gelion]], Maglor kept watch over the northern hills of the river Gelion, and [[Caranthir]] in the shadows of [[Ered Luin]].<ref>{{LR|AB}} pp. 127-8</ref>

It was during the Siege that [[Turgon]]'s people left [[Nevrast]] to build [[Gondolin]]. Other Elven cities, [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] were also established by the [[Sindar]] on [[Falas]], and [[Nargothrond]], the realm of [[Finrod]]. The siege was incomplete, as Morgoth was still capable of sending out various forces of orcs to harass the elves, such as the attack of [[Hithlum]]; but the Noldor were grown strong enough, that these task forces posed no significant threat.

After the defeat of [[Glaurung]], a period called [[Long Peace]] begun. The [[Men]] of the [[House of Bëor]] entered [[Beleriand]] and were followed by the [[Haladin]]

Years after the [[Battle of Aglon Pass]], the [[Forest of Brethil]] was given to the Haladin. A final band of Men, the [[House of Hador]], came to Beleriand; they were given the lands of [[Dor-lómin]].

After about four hundred years, the Siege was broken in the [[Dagor Bragollach]].
{{References}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the First Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[fi:Angbandin Piiritys]]

Talk:Valian Years

2013-07-07T21:07:28Z

DenDAY:

Where is the source for the approximation of the Valian year? Because in the [[Annals of Valinor]] it is set to be ten times that of solar years. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 20:14, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

:Good question. Looking at this [http://forum.barrowdowns.com/showthread.php?t=17889 forum discussion], it appears like the source would be one of Tolkien's letters (I suspect a letter published in ''The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien''). Would you have time to check? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:26, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

::Sorry but I am not in possession of those letters. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 20:33, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

:::I found a [http://www.minastirith.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=1;t=001193 better forum thread], which has some sources. The relevant source appears to be ''Morgoth's Ring'' (HoMe vol. 10), Myth's Transformed section, text IX (Aman).--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:46, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

::::I see. Haven't gotten that far in the [[History of Middle-earth]] yet. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 21:07, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

Talk:Valian Years

2013-07-07T20:14:40Z

DenDAY: Created page with "Where is the source for the approximation of the Valian year? Because in the Annals of Valinor it is set to be ten times that of solar years. ~~~~"

Where is the source for the approximation of the Valian year? Because in the [[Annals of Valinor]] it is set to be ten times that of solar years. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 20:14, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

Walls of the World

2013-07-06T14:14:13Z

DenDAY: Added description in quotation.

:''"They are as ice and glass and steel, being above all imagination of the Children of Earth cold, transparent, and hard. They cannot be seen, nor can they be passed, save by the [[Door of Night]]."''<ref>{{SM|5b}} p. 235</ref>
:- [[Rúmil of Tirion]], ''The [[Ambarkanta]]''

The '''Walls of the World''' were the walls that surrounded [[Arda]] and marked its boundaries before it was 'bent' at the time of the [[Downfall of Númenor]].
{{References}}
[[Category:Arda]]
[[Category:Walls]]
[[fi:Maailman muurit]]

Esgalduin

2013-07-05T10:29:54Z

DenDAY: Added origin from Shadowy Spring

'''Esgalduin''' was a major tributary of the [[Sirion]], which rose in the dark heights of the [[Ered Gorgoroth]] from the [[Shadowy Spring]], and flowed southwestward to meet the Sirion on the western borders of [[Doriath]]. It marked the boundary between the forests of [[Forest of Neldoreth|Neldoreth]] and [[Forest of Region|Region]].
==Etymology==

In a manuscript dating from the late 1950s and early 1960s, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] wrote that ''Esgalduin'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "the river under shade".<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 15, 184</ref>

In the earlier ''[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]'', the name ''Esgalduin'' was said to be [[Ilkorin]] for "River under Veil (of [?leaves])", consisting of the elements ''[[esgal]]'' ("screen, hiding, roof of leaves") + ''[[duin]]'' ("water, river").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 355 (DUI-), 357, (EZGE-), 386 (SKAL<sup>1</sup>-)</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Rivers]]
[[Category:Ilkorin locations]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Esgalduin]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/beleriand/esgalduin]]
[[fi:Esgalduin]]

Aros

2013-07-05T10:29:02Z

DenDAY: Added origin in Shadowy Spring.

{{location
| image=[[Image:Matěj Čadil - Aros.jpg|250px]]
| name=Aros
| othernames=
| etymology=[[Doriathrin|D.]] ''ar'' "bloody red"{{fact}}
| type=River
| location=Flowing from [[Himlad]] around [[Doriath]] to the [[Sirion]]
| inhabitants=
| realms=[[Doriath]]
| description=Reddish
| events=
| references=
|}}
'''Aros''' was a river of East [[Beleriand]] that arose in the northern lands west of the [[Pass of Aglon]] in the [[Shadowy Spring]]. It flowed south between [[Dor Dínen]] and [[Himlad]] (between these two lands the river could be crossed at [[Arossiach]]). The river's course then followed the eastern and southern boundaries of the Forest of [[Region]] (and thus formed much of the border of the Kingdom of [[Doriath]]) before it met the [[Sirion]] at [[Aelin-uial]]. Its one main tributary was the River [[Celon]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref>
==Etymology==
The word ''Aros'', derived from the [[Elvish]] [[Sundocarme|root]] [[YAR|YAR-]] ("blood"), is said to be a "''name of river with reddish water''". The [[Noldorin]] form of the word was ''iaros''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 400</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Rivers]]
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Aros]]
[[fi:Aros]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/beleriand/aros]]

Shadowy Spring

2013-07-05T09:56:08Z

DenDAY: If approved for separate article editions should be made to the articles of the two rivers.

'''Shadowy Spring''' was the shared source of the rivers [[Esgalduin]] and [[Aros]] which marked the realm of [[Doriath]], located between the [[Pass of Aglon]] and [[Dorthonion]].

On the map accompanying [[The Silmarillion]] Christopher Tolkien portrayed the spring of the two rivers as being separate, despite the rivers sharing a common spring on that map which he based his version on<ref>{{LR|A3}} p. 409</ref>, and on a commentary to the first Silmarillion map by his father he admits his portrayal on the published Silmarillion map to be in error. <ref>{{SM|North}} p. 222</ref>
{{References}}

Forums:URGENT: Roots and words.

2013-07-03T22:04:58Z

DenDAY:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Forums]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]



Guys, I believe that it is high time we had a proper compilation of the primitive Elven roots, both from The Etymologies, the Addenda/Corrigenda published in Parma Eldalamberon and Vinyar Tengwar, and the Elven mini-lexicon at the end of the Silmarillion.

I know it is a painstaking task, but this whole thing is a knowledge base, right? We have to take the time to do this. Recently I was able to acquire a copy of the Lost Road, so I now have access to the whole range of roots, stems, and words. Frankly, I was astounded at the huge amount of information in there- and also, how little of it is up here. Maybe we should get a team together? Transcribe say, two roots (and all corresponding info) a day, and post them up here. Each. We could get done quite quickly, but I need volunteers. We could quite easily make a full Elven-corpus, as it is, with Quenya, Sindarin, Telerin, Ossiriandic, Doriathrin, etc. Simply because we have access to all of it. Maybe an interactive Etymological engine. I know Morgan's got a lot of info up here too in his own dictionaries. Would it really take that long to establish a language-base here? If we had 50 people willing to do this, and we each did 2 roots a day, we would be done in less than a week. Dunno, actually, haven't counted how many there are. But definitely not more than five days.

OBVIOUSLY... we won't get fifty people. And that's okay. It can be over time. Willingly we could do more. But really, i think it is a rather splendid idea to get together a full knowledgebase, user-friendly,practical as well as abstract, for those who understand linguistics and those who don't. I want to make this better than what we have at Ardalambion,with lookup functions for all the Elven-tongues, and English too.

What do you say? who is willing? we need as many people as possible, but they must be committed enough to copy out around 2 entries from the book every day. Also, you must have access to the material.And finally (if we do get a team together) maybe the admins could make us a seperate, veiled-off section on this site for us to work on and compile stuff. Would all this be possible? {{unsigned|Reallyfat }}

:I'm glad to see your enthusiasm, Reallyfat! While I basically agree with your idea, you have to remember that the work is more tedious than one can imagine. Two years ago I had rather much free time, and wrote ca. 20 or 30 linguistic articles about primitive Elven roots. The problem is that it often takes many hours to write a good article, checking information in PE, VT and HoMe 5 (you also have quite many roots in ''War of the Jewels'', and some other writings). In other words I sadly don't think it's possible to get a team of volunteers together to do this on a regular basis. But if you're excited to get started, there's nothing holding you back! :-) --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 17:12, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
::I have some reservations, eg. I am sure we must resolve in some subective interpretations, such as deciding if a root is related to another or not, or whether we should update it to comform with a word Tolkien later updated (see for example, [[ocamnar]]). Other than that, I am with you. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 17:55, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
:::Well, as far changing, obsolete, and similar roots I agree 100%. And Morgan, my plan was not to write articles, but to establish a database. Kind of like you have done with your dictionaries. But a full, searching/finding, in depth dictionary.

So, what do you say? Are you in too? Really, it is as simple as opening up the etymologies and transcribing in two entries every day.

Sage, if you are 'officially' in, shift over to my talk page, and we can begin assignments there. I also hope that an admin (Ederchil, we need you) will soon be able to offer us a better place on the site for putting together the work.

Thanks.{{unsigned|Reallyfat }}

Well this sounds rather interesting if you ask me, although I'm mainly interested in Noldorin and I truly must say that I have no idea how much time I would have available to spend on this. [[User:DenDAY|~denDAY]] 22:04, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)

2013-07-02T18:42:31Z

DenDAY: Added highlands to 'Type' + citation.

{{disambig-two|the forest in [[Dorthonion]]|alternative name for [[Mirkwood]]|[[Taur-nu-Fuin (Mirkwood)]]}}
{{location
| image=
| name=Taur-nu-Fuin
| othernames=[[Dorthonion]]*
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[taur]]'' "great forest" + ''[[nu]]'' "under" + ''[[fuin]]'' "night, gloom" (translated "nightshade")
| type=Pine-forest<ref>{{SM|Q9}} p. 103</ref>, Highlands<ref>{{SM|CQ9}} p. 174</ref>
| location=Northern [[Dorthonion]]
| inhabitants=[[Orcs]]
| realms=[[Angband]]
| description=Evil, darkened forest
| events=[[Dagor Bragollach]], [[Massacre at Tarn Aeluin]]
| references=''[[The Silmarillion]]''
|}}
{{quote|To North there lay the [[Dor Daedeloth|Land of Dread]]<br>whence only evil pathways led<br>o’er [[Ered Gorgoroth|hills of shadow]] bleak and cold<br>or Taur-na-Fuin’s haunted hold<br>where Deadly Nightshade lurked and lay<br>and never came or [[moon]] or day.|''[[Lay of Leithian]]'', [[Lay of Leithian Canto I|Canto I]]}}
'''Taur-nu-Fuin''' was a name for the northern parts of [[Dorthonion]], and sometimes for the forest as a whole after it was corrupted by [[Morgoth]] after the [[Dagor Bragollach]]. The kingdoms of Dorthonion were destroyed at that point, including [[Ladros]] and the realm [[Angrod]] and [[Aegnor]]. [[Barahir]] remained as an outlaw in Taur-nu-Fuin, and after his death [[Beren]] his son dwelt in this forest for several years, before crossing the [[Ered Gorgoroth]] and forsaking Dorthonion to its captors. Then it was truly wholly "under nightshade".<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref>

After [[Sauron]] was defeated by [[Huan]] in their battle upon [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] he took the form of a vampire and fled to Taur-nu-Fuin, filling the forest with horror.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

After [[Túrin]] was captured upon [[Amon Rûdh]] he was taken by the orcs through Taur-nu-Fuin northwards. In those woods the pursuing [[Beleg]] came upon [[Gwindor]], who told him of seeing Túrin being whipped and driven towards [[Angband]]. Together the two Elves followed the orcs out onto the baren dunes of [[Anfauglith]].<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref>

In early texts it was spelled ''Taur-n''a''-Fuin'', as seen in the excerpt from the Lay above.
{{references}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Forests]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Dorthonion#Etymologie & andere Namen]]
[[fi:Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/forets/beleriand/taur-nu-fuin]]

Carcharoth

2013-06-30T21:45:28Z

DenDAY: Added another name. Will create the article afterwards.

{{evil infobox
| image=[[Image:Danny Staten - Luthien and Carcaroth.jpg|250px]]
| name=Carcharoth
| othernames=Red Maw, [[Anfauglir]], [[Borosaith]]
| created=Mid-[[First Age]]
| years=
| age=
| destroyed={{FA|466}}, [[Neldoreth]]
| realm=[[Angband]]
| gender=Male
| race=[[Werewolves]]
| appearance=Great, wolf-like
| accomplishments=Took the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] from [[Beren]] by biting off his hand
|}}
'''Carcharoth''' was bred from the foul breed of [[Draugluin]], the first [[Werewolf]], and fed with [[Elves|elvish]] and [[Men|mannish]] flesh by [[Morgoth]] himself. Carcharoth was set as a guard on the [[Gates of Angband]].<ref name=S19>{{S|19}}</ref>

==History==
Carcharoth became involved with the [[Quest for the Silmaril]] when [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] had to pass him on their way in. Lúthien enchanted him with her magic, but on their way out Carcharoth attacked before Lúthien could enthral him again. Beren held out the captured Silmaril in an attempt to stay the beast, but Carcharoth bit off Beren's hand at the wrist with Silmaril and all.

The Silmaril burnt away Carcharoth's insides, and he became crazed with pain. A terror to [[Eldar]], Men and [[Orcs]] alike, he passed south through [[Beleriand]], until he arrived in [[Doriath]]. There Beren, King [[Thingol]], [[Beleg|Beleg Cúthalion]] and [[Mablung]] joined with [[Huan the Hound]] in the [[Hunting of the Wolf]].

At last, he was discovered within the borders of Doriath itself, where he fought his last fight with Huan: the wolf and the hound took one another's lives in that combat.

Both Beren and Huan were slain. When Mablung cut open the belly of the beast, he found there the Silmaril with Beren's hand still around it, but when he touched the flesh it was swept away by a wind.<ref name=S19/>
{{Pronounce|Carcharoth.mp3|Ardamir}}

==Etymology==
The name is translated as Red Maw;<ref name=S19/> the known elements we know from [[Sindarin]] are [[caran|car(a)n]] "red" and [[carach]] "jaw".<ref>{{S|Appendix}} (entries for ''carak-'' and ''caran'')</ref> Perhaps the name can be analyzed into the unattested words *''carn'' (an alternate version of caran) and *''caroth'' "maw".

Note that the final letter of ''car(a)'''n''''' + the initial letter of '''''c'''arach/oth-'' produce the sound '''ch''' (IPA: {{IPA|x}}) with the phenomenon called [[nasal mutation]].<ref>{{S|Note}}</ref><ref>{{App|E1i}}</ref>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
Originally Carcharoth's name was ''Karkaras'', the Knife-fang, who was the father of wolves. He was a great grey wolf.<ref>{{LT2|I}}, p. 21</ref>

==Inspiration==
The story of Beren losing his hand to Carcharoth was perhaps modelled after the Germanic legend of the god Tyr, who lost his hand to the wolf Fenrir.

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Carcharoth|Images of Carcharoth]]

{{references}}
{{wolves}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Wolves]]
[[Category:Werewolves]]
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Thorondor

2013-06-30T20:00:30Z

DenDAY: Added old Noldorin names and roots with references

{{maiar infobox
| image=[[Image:John Howe - Thorondor.jpg|250px]]
| name=Thorondor
| othernames=[[Lord of the Eagles]]
| coming=During the [[Years of the Trees]]
| death=Immortal
| duty=[[Manwë]]
| robes=
| gender=Male
| appearance= Great Eagle
| hair=
}}
'''Thorondor''', the '''[[Lord of the Eagles]]''', was the greatest of the [[Eagles]] of [[Manwë]] king of the [[Valar]]. It is said that Thorondor had a wingspan of thirty [[Wikipedia:Fathom|fathoms]].<ref>{{SM|Q8}}, pp. 102-3 (also p. 173)</ref>
==History==
Thorondor was sent to watch over the [[Noldor]] after they arrived in [[Beleriand]]. The [[Eldar]] first encountered him when he helped [[Fingon]] rescue [[Maedhros]] from imprisonment from [[Thangorodrim]].<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref> After that, Thorondor and the rest of the Eagles settled in the [[Crissaegrim]].<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref> When [[Gondolin]] was built, Thorondor became the ever vigilant guardian of the city. He rescued [[Fingolfin]]'s body from defilement after [[Morgoth]] killed him, giving the Dark Lord a scar on his face.<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> He and two other Eagles rescued [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] when [[Angband]] was aroused.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref> When Gondolin fell, Thorondor rescued the survivors.<ref>{{S|Gondolin}}</ref> During the [[War of Wrath]], Thorondor and [[Eärendil]] led the Eagles in battle with the [[Dragons]], and may have fought with [[Ancalagon]] the Black.<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref> In Tolkien's writings, Thorondor is not mentioned after the War of Wrath.<ref group=note>[[Tolkien fandom|Fans]] have suggested that Thorondor perhaps returned to [[Valinor]], although his descendants remained behind. Cf [http://www.lotrplaza.com/archives/index.php?Archive=archive&TID=181775 Thorondor] at [http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum.php LotRPlaza.com].</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | |THO| | | |THO='''THORONDOR'''}}
{{familytree| | | |:| | | |}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| |:| | | | |FAT| | |FAT=Father of Gwaihir}}
{{familytree| |:| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree|GRE| | GWA| |LAN| | |GRE=[[Great Eagle]]|GWA=[[Gwaihir]]|LAN=[[Landroval]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Etymology==
The name contains ''[[thoron]]'' "eagle" and ''[[taur|taur, -dor]]'' "king". The [[Quenya]] cognate is ''Sorontar'' ([[Vanyarin|earlier]] ''Thorontar'').{{fact}}

In earlier versions of the legendarium he was called '''Thorndor''' and '''Throndor''' ([[Noldorin]]) with the roots ''thorn'' "eagle" or ''thrond'' "pinnacle",<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}} p. 266 See Sorontur</ref> and '''Thorntor''' ([[Ilkorin]]).

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Thorondor|Images of Thorondor]]

{{references|n}}
{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Eagles]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

[[de:Thorondor]]
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