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Dwarves

2018-11-23T00:12:36Z

Dman170: /* First Age */

{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Dwarves
| image=[[File:Alarie - A bunch of dwarves.jpg|250px]]
| caption="A bunch of dwarves" by [[:Category:Images by Alarie|Alarie]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Naugrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nogothrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]).''[[Khazâd]]'' ([[Khuzdul|K]]), ''[[Hadhod]]rim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''[[Casar]]i'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| origin=Created by [[Aulë]]
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], [[Belegost]], [[Nogrod]], [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Glittering Caves]], [[Grey Mountains]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Gundabad]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=[[Elves]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]] ([[Dwarvish]]), [[Iglishmêk]] (sign language), [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]<ref>{{S|10}}</ref>
| people='''Clans:''' [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]], [[Firebeards]], [[Broadbeams]], [[Ironfists]], [[Stiffbeards]], [[Blacklocks]], [[Stonefoots]], [[Petty-dwarves]] '''Groups:''' [[Dwarves of Belegost|Belegost Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Erebor|Erebor Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|Khazad-dûm Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Nogrod Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains|Blue Mountain Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains|Grey Mountain Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills|Iron Hill Dwarves]]
| members=[[Durin]], [[Gimli]], [[Thorin]], [[Dáin Ironfoot]], [[Azaghâl]], [[Mîm]], [[Balin]]
| lifespan=c. 200-350 years<ref name="LOTRProjectStats">{{webcite|author=Emil Johansson|articleurl=http://lotrproject.com/statistics/#lifeexpectancy|articlename=Lord of the Rings in Statistics|website=[http://lotrproject.com/ Lord of the Rings Project]|accessed=15 April 2018}}</ref>
| distinctions=Stocky; bearded; never bald; especially hardy and loyal; notoriously stubborn
| height=4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall
| hair=Blond, brown, black, blue, red, and (when older) grey or white
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=Often axes, swords, hammers, mattocks
}}
{{quote|Since they were to come in the days of the power of [[Morgoth|Melkor]], [[Aulë]] made the dwarves strong to endure. Therefore they are stone-hard, stubborn, fast in friendship and in enmity, and they suffer toil and hunger and hurt of body more hardily than all other speaking peoples; and they live long, far beyond the span of Men, yet not forever.|[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"}}
The '''Dwarves''', or '''''[[Khuzd|Khazâd]]''''' in their own tongue, were beings of short stature, often friendly with [[Hobbits]] although long suspicious of [[Elves]]. They were typically blacksmiths and stoneworkers by profession, unrivaled in some of their arts even by the Elves.

While there were several tribes (Houses) of the Dwarves, the most prominent was that of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].

==History==
===Origin===
Unlike Elves and [[Men]], the Dwarves are not counted among the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Their creator was [[Aulë#Names and etymology|Mahal]], known as [[Aulë]] the Smith. Aulë created the Seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], from whom all other Dwarves are descended, deep beneath an unknown mountain somewhere in [[Middle-earth]]. However, Aulë did not have the divine power to grant independent life to any creation, and the dwarves were bound to his will. [[Ilúvatar]] came and reprimanded Aulë, who confessed his desire to create more living things, but in repentance lifted his hammer to destroy the dwarves. Even as the blow was about to land, the dwarves cowered and begged for mercy, as Ilúvatar had taken pity and given true life to the creations of his child, including them in His plan for [[Arda]]. However, Ilúvatar did not wish them to wake before the [[Elves]], whom he intended to be the first-born. Ilúvatar granted the Dwarves life, and therefore they are known as the Adopted Children of Ilúvatar, but he bade Aulë lay them to sleep in their chamber deep beneath the mountain, and they were to awake after the [[Awakening of the Elves]].<ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

[[File:BFME2 - Dwarf 4.jpg|thumb||Dwarves as portrayed in [[The Battle for Middle-earth II]] game.]]
The Seven Fathers awoke in their places in pairs with their wives, though [[Durin|Durin I]] had awoken alone. The seven different groups of Dwarf-folk originated in the locations where the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves first awoke.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}</ref><ref>{{PM|X}}</ref>

The seven clans of the Dwarves were:

* [[Longbeards]], Durin's Folk, originally from [[Gundabad]].
* [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]], originally from [[Mt. Dolmed]].
* [[Ironfists]] and [[Stiffbeards]], originated in the East.
* [[Blacklocks]] and [[Stonefoots]], originated in the East.

Durin settled in the caves above [[Kheled-zâram]] which later became the greatest of Dwarf realms, [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Therefore the halls of the Longbeards were not located near the halls of another Dwarf-kingdom.

There was also an eighth group of Dwarves that was not a separate member from these seven kindreds, but composed of exiles from each: the [[Petty-dwarves]], who were hunted like animals to the point of extinction by the [[Elves]] in the First Age.

===First Age===
The Dwarves for many years did not know any other folk, until Firebeards and Broadbeams had their first meeting with the [[Elves]] in [[Beleriand]] in the year {{YT|1250|n}} of the [[Years of the Trees]]. From that time on there was friendship between the [[Sindar]] and the Dwarves, and they began exchanging knowledge and creating ring-mails and many other works; the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] were unmatched in Middle-earth in smithing. They delved the caves of [[Menegroth]], and adopted the [[cirth|writing]] of [[Daeron]]. It was the Dwarves who told the Sindar about [[Orcs]] attacking their Elven kin on the other side of the mountains, which prompted King [[Thingol]] to begin a build up of arms which the Dwarves made for him.

Later on a great army of Orcs attacked the Elves, but in the [[First Battle of Beleriand]] were defeated and fled. Those that got away ran south right into an army of Dwarves who issued from Mount Dolmed and destroyed them.

After the [[Return of the Noldor]], [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] desired to settle himself in the [[Caves of Narog]] and the Dwarves of the Ered Luin aided him and gave him the dwarven name ''Felak-gundu'' (''[[Felagund]]''). They eventually made for him the [[Nauglamír]]. This necklace without equal contained one of the [[Silmarils]], and sparked jealousy and conflicts over its true ownership. These initial conflicts receded by the beginning of the Second Age, but were rekindled to a new intensity by the discord sown by [[Sauron]]. They eventually created a rivalry and mistrust between Elves and Dwarves that endured to the end of the Third Age, when [[Gimli]] the Dwarf bridged the distance between the two races by developing a deep admiration for lady [[Galadriel]] and forming a strong friendship with [[Legolas]] the Elf.

Things finally came to a head between the forces of Morgoth and the Elves, Men, and Dwarves in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. The Dwarves fought for the [[Union of Maedhros]]

===Second Age===

In the [[Second Age]], around the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Firebeards and Broadbeams who lived in Nogrod and Belegost left the destruction behind and came to [[Khazad-dûm]], increasing its wealth and power.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

The Dwarves had little participation in most of the important events involving the other races. However their friendship with the Elves perhaps became more close than ever; the Dwarves of [[Moria]] maintained close connections to the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] of [[Eregion]]; the [[Doors of Durin]] of Moria were built to facilitate the communication between the two people, and was constructed jointly by both races.

When Eregion was sacked by [[Sauron]]'s forces, the Dwarves assailed them from behind however, it was too late to stop him from conquering all [[Eriador]].<ref name="UTGalad">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>
[[File:Liz Danforth - Annatar and the Seven Rings.png|thumb|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Annatar and the seven rings'']]
When "[[Annatar]]" distributed the Rings of Power, he gave [[seven Rings|seven]] to Dwarf Lords in order to subdue and control them. However, they did not have the same effect as they did over Men. Dwarves did not shift into the [[wraith-world]] and in fact resisted domination. The Rings only augmented their greed and ability to create riches.

At the end of the Age, very few Dwarves participated in the [[War of the Last Alliance|great War]], with some joining the side of [[Sauron]]. Some of the [[Dwarves of Moria]] joined the great host of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Third Age===

[[File:Angus McBride - Dwarves.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''The Dwarves are upon You!'']]
In [[Third Age 1980]], after centuries of greedy digging for ''[[mithril]]'' and other minerals, the Dwarves woke a [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] that was sleeping in the deeps of the Misty Mountains since the First Age. The Dwarves fled Khazad-dum, which from then on was called ''Moria'', which means "Black pit".

Most of Durin's folk left for the [[Grey Mountains]] in the North, while some followed the new king, [[Thráin I]], who briefly went to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] in {{TA|1999}}. For more than 300 years the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] prospered until the Dragons in the far North started to gain strength. Some fled to the [[Iron Hills]], while most followed the new king [[Thrór]] to Erebor to start a new [[Kingdom under the Mountain]]. There, they prospered for over 200 years until the dragon [[Smaug]] descended in {{TA|2770}}. The King and his company went in exile South, while most of the survivors went to the Iron Hills.

Durin's folk settled in [[Dunland]], and in {{TA|2790}} King Thrór traveled North to Moria where he was killed by the [[Orcs|Goblin]] king [[Azog]]. Thrór's son [[Thráin|Thráin II]] (who had received the Last of the Seven Rings from his father before his departure) summoned all the Houses of Dwarves to war. Thus began the [[War of Dwarves and Orcs]], in which the Dwarves destroyed all the Goblin strongholds in the [[Misty Mountains]] culminating to the great [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] where all the dwarven clans united. The Goblin hosts issuing from Moria were strong and relentless until the arrival of fresh [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]. The Battle ended with the victory of Dwarves, but at great cost. The Dwarven clans however were unwilling to repopulate Moria. Thráin therefore came to the [[Blue Mountains]] and established his realm there.

[[File:Angelo Montanini - Dori.jpg|thumb|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dori'']]
The Wizard [[Gandalf]] was instrumental into helping Thráin's son Thorin in reclaiming the Kingdom of Erebor. Thorin gathered around him [[Thorin and Company|twelve dwarves]], mostly from his own line, and was joined by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]. The [[Quest of Erebor]] ended with the death of [[Smaug]]. After a quarrel with the Men and Elves over the unguarded hoard, the Dwarves - assisted by those from the [[Iron Hills]] - united with the Men and Elves to fight the attacking Goblins and Wargs, in what was called the [[Battle of Five Armies]], where Thorin was killed.

[[Gimli]] son of Glóin joined the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] as a representative of the Dwarves and befriended [[Legolas]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

===Fourth Age===
Not much is known about the Dwarves in the [[Fourth Age]]. After the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gimli]] brought a part of Durin's Folk from Erebor to the Glittering Caves behind Helm's Deep and founded a colony there. Subsequently, Gimli went on many travels with his friend Legolas, and History lost track of their fate. Through their friendship and influence, the feud between the two races that had lasted for millennia finally ended, shortly before the departure of the last Elves from Middle-earth. It is rumored that Gimli and Legolas eventually boarded a ship that sailed down the river Anduin, out to sea and across to Valinor in the year {{FoA|120}}. Gimli would thus have become the only Dwarf to ever be permitted to cross to the Undying Lands.

[[Durin VII]] (the Last), retook Moria and brought Khazad-dûm back to its original splendor, and the Longbeards lived there till the "world grew old and the days of Durin's race ended".

==Nature==
They were 4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall and their more distinctive characteristic was their beard which they have from the beginning of their lives, male and females alike; and which they shave only in shame.<ref name=wj13>{{WJ|13}}</ref>

As creations of Aulë, they were attracted to the substances of Arda and crafts. They mined and worked precious metals throughout the mountains of Middle-earth, but had a tendency toward gold lust, and committed their share of rash and greedy acts. Among these was the dispute over the [[Nauglamír]], which led to the slaying of Elu [[Thingol]] and stirred up the initial suspicion between Elves and Dwarves to open hatred.<ref name=rings/>

Dwarves generally lived far from the sea and avoided getting on boats, as they disliked the sound of the ocean and were afraid of it.<ref name=S10>{{S|10}}</ref>
===Hardiness===
The Dwarves were created by Aulë to be strong, resistant to fire and the evils of Morgoth. They were hardier than any other race, secretive, stubborn, and steadfast in enmity or loyalty.

Despite their short stature, they were known for their strength and endurance in battle, as well as their fury, particularly when avenging their fallen kin, and for being some of the greatest warriors in all of Middle-earth. They fought valiantly in many wars and battles over the Ages holding axes.<ref name=wj13/>

Sickness was almost unknown to the Dwarves, as they were immune to human diseases.<ref name=PMAiv/>

They were generally less corruptible than Men. When Sauron attempted to enslave the Free Folk of Middle-earth using the [[Rings of Power]], the Elves completely resisted his power (indeed, his hand had never sullied the [[Three Rings]]), while the [[Nine Rings]] utterly corrupted the Men who bore them into the [[Ringwraiths]]. In contrast, the Dwarves were sturdy and resistant enough that Sauron was not able to dominate them using the [[Seven Rings]]. At most, the Seven Rings sowed strife among the Dwarves and filled their wearers with an insatiable greed for gold, but they did not turn them into wraiths subservient to the Dark Lord, and he considered his plan to have failed. Sauron was furious at the Dwarves' resistance, spurring his drive to recapture the Seven Rings from them.

Another example was [[Gimli]], who, while [[Saruman]] used the power in his voice and the [[Rohirrim]] were spell-bound by his magic, Gimli was unmoved and commented that Saruman's words cannot be trusted, causing Saruman to be angered enough to lose his charm.<ref>{{TT|Voice}}</ref>

===Lifespan===
The lifespan of Dwarves was varied depending on their ancestry. The Longbeards were particularly long-lived, but by the Third Age their lifespan was diminished and they lived, on average, 250 years. Until they were around 30 years of age, Dwarves were considered too young for heavy labor or war (hence the slaying of Azog by [[Dain Ironfoot]] at age 32 was a great feat). By the age of 40, Dwarves were hardened into the appearance that they would keep for most of their lives. Between the approximate ages of 40 and 240, most Dwarves were equally hale and able to work and fight with vigor. They took on the appearance of age only about ten years before their death, wrinkling and greying rapidly, but never going bald. Occasionally they would live up to 300 years of age, and [[Dwalin]] reached the rare lifespan of 340 years (comparable to a Middle Man living to 100).<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

Although Dwarves did not suffer from diseases, corpulence could affect them. In prosperous circumstances, many grew fat by the age of 200 and became physically inept.<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

==Culture and family==
The Dwarves' numbers, although they sometimes flourished, often faced periods of decline, especially in periods of war. The slow increase of their population was due to the rarity of [[Dwarf-women]], who made up only about a third of the total population. Dwarves seldom wedded before the age of ninety or more, and rarely had so many as four children. They took only one husband or wife in their lifetime, and were jealous, as in all matters of their rights. The number of Dwarf-men that married was actually less than a third, for not all the Dwarf-women took husbands; some desired none, some wanted one they could not have and would have no other. Many Dwarf-men did not desire marriage because they were absorbed in their work.<ref name=AppA3>{{App|A3}}</ref><ref name=PMAiv/>

Dwarf-women seldom walked abroad, and that only in great need. When they did travel, they were so alike Dwarf-men in voice, appearance, and garb that it was hard for other races to tell them apart. They were likewise seldom named in genealogies, joining their husbands' families. The only Dwarf-woman named in Tolkien's legendarium is [[Dís]], sister of Thorin Oakenshield, who was given a place in the records because of the gallant deaths of her sons, Fíli and Kíli. The scarcity of women, their rare mention, and their identical looks with the males, coupled with the Dwarves' secretive culture, led many to mistakenly believe that Dwarves were born out of stone, and upon death they returned to that stone.<ref name=AppA3/><ref name=PMAiv/>

Dwarves are fiercely devoted to their parents and children. In their desire for their children to grow up hardy and enduring, they may treat them harshly, but they will protect them at all costs. Dwarves resent injuries to their children and to their parents more than injuries to themselves.<ref name=PMAiv/>

==Religion==
The Dwarves loved and revered the Vala Aulë.<ref name=S10/><ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

Of old the Elves believed that the Dwarves would have no future in [[Arda Unmarred]], but the Dwarves themselves held to a promise that Ilúvatar would hallow them and adopt them as his Children. They maintained that after death Aulë (Mahal) cared for them, gathering them to the [[Halls of Mandos]] with the other Children of Ilúvatar, though in halls set apart. It is said that after the Last Battle they will work alongside Aulë in the remaking of Arda.<ref name=S2/>

==Language==
The Dwarven language was created by Aulë, and was called [[Khuzdul]]. It was a strange language to Elves and Men, and few non-Dwarves learned it, because it was difficult, and the Dwarves kept it secret, preferring to communicate in the languages of their neighbors. Only one Khuzdul phrase was well known to outsiders: the ancient battle cry, going back to at least the First Age: "''Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!''", which means "Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!". The Dwarves taught Khuzdul carefully to their children, as a learned language, not a cradle-tongue, and thus the language changed very little over the ages, unlike those of other races.
The Dwarves also devised a secret language of gestures to communicate between themselves in silence, the ''[[iglishmêk]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 395</ref>

Certainly in the First Age when they first made contact with the Elves, the only tongue in Beleriand would have been Sindarin at that time as the Noldor had not yet returned from Aman. As a logical consequence, therefore, Sindarin was a language used by the dwarves. <ref>{{S|10}}</ref> But the Dwarves were swift to learn and indeed were more willing to learn the [[Elven-tongue]] than to teach their own to those of alien race. <ref>{{S|10}}</ref> In fact, the Dwarves were so impressed by the Elvish runes (The Cirth of Daeron) for writing Sindarin that they adopted them for use in their own tongue and used them forever more.

==Names==
The Dwarves called themselves the ''[[Khazâd]]'', the name Aulë gave them; this is adapted as '''''[[Hadhod]]'''rim'' in [[Sindarin]], and '''''[[Casar]]'''i'' in [[Quenya]]. Casari was the common word for Dwarves among the [[Noldor]], but the [[Sindar]] usually called them ''Naugrim'' or ''Nogothrim'', the Stunted People.<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref>

An epithet for the Dwarves in [[Quenya]] was ''Auleonnar'', meaning "offspring of Aule".<ref>{{HM|PM}}, p. 391</ref>

In their dealings with people of other races, the Dwarves did not reveal their true names, rather adopting new names in other languages (the [[petty-dwarves]] were an exception). During the Third Age, the Longbeards used [[northern Mannish]] names in public.

==Inspiration==
Almost all the names of the Dwarves of Middle-earth are taken from the Old Norse [[Völuspá]].

According to Tolkien, the "real 'historical'" plural of ''dwarf'' is ''dwarrows'' or ''dwerrows''. He once referred to ''dwarves'' as "a piece of private bad grammar" (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|Letters]]'', 17), but in Appendix F to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' he explains that if we still spoke of ''dwarves'' regularly, English might have retained a special plural for the word ''dwarf'' as with ''man''. The form ''dwarrow'' only appears in the word ''Dwarrowdelf'', a name for [[Moria]]. Tolkien used ''Dwarves'', instead, which corresponds with ''Elf'' and ''Elves'', making its meaning more apparent. The use of a different term also serves to set Tolkien's Dwarves apart from the similarly-named creatures in mythology and fairy-tales.

The enduring popularity of Tolkien's books, especially ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]],'' has led to the popular use of the term ''dwarves'' to describe this race in fantasy literature. Before Tolkien, the term ''dwarfs'' (with a different spelling) was used, as seen in ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs''. In fact, the latter spelling was so common that the original editor of ''The Lord of the Rings'' "corrected" Tolkien's ''dwarves'' to ''dwarfs'' (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', 138).

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's Middle-earth mythology (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') the dwarves were evil beings created by [[Morgoth|Melkor]].

In an earlier version of the legendarium it is hinted that the Dwarves do not know about Ilúvatar, or that they disbelieve his existence, but later writings contradict that suggestion.<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Dwarves|Images of Dwarves]]

==External links==

*"[http://lingwe.blogspot.se/2013/02/did-tolkien-coin-plural-dwarves.html Did Tolkien coin the plural “dwarves”?]" by [[Jason Fisher]]

{{references}}
{{Dwarvenclans}}
[[Category:Dwarves| ]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[de:Zwerge]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/nains]]
[[fi:Kääpiöt]]

Dwarves

2018-11-23T00:12:19Z

Dman170: /* Second Age */

{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Dwarves
| image=[[File:Alarie - A bunch of dwarves.jpg|250px]]
| caption="A bunch of dwarves" by [[:Category:Images by Alarie|Alarie]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Naugrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nogothrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]).''[[Khazâd]]'' ([[Khuzdul|K]]), ''[[Hadhod]]rim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''[[Casar]]i'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| origin=Created by [[Aulë]]
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], [[Belegost]], [[Nogrod]], [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Glittering Caves]], [[Grey Mountains]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Gundabad]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=[[Elves]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]] ([[Dwarvish]]), [[Iglishmêk]] (sign language), [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]<ref>{{S|10}}</ref>
| people='''Clans:''' [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]], [[Firebeards]], [[Broadbeams]], [[Ironfists]], [[Stiffbeards]], [[Blacklocks]], [[Stonefoots]], [[Petty-dwarves]] '''Groups:''' [[Dwarves of Belegost|Belegost Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Erebor|Erebor Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|Khazad-dûm Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Nogrod Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains|Blue Mountain Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains|Grey Mountain Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills|Iron Hill Dwarves]]
| members=[[Durin]], [[Gimli]], [[Thorin]], [[Dáin Ironfoot]], [[Azaghâl]], [[Mîm]], [[Balin]]
| lifespan=c. 200-350 years<ref name="LOTRProjectStats">{{webcite|author=Emil Johansson|articleurl=http://lotrproject.com/statistics/#lifeexpectancy|articlename=Lord of the Rings in Statistics|website=[http://lotrproject.com/ Lord of the Rings Project]|accessed=15 April 2018}}</ref>
| distinctions=Stocky; bearded; never bald; especially hardy and loyal; notoriously stubborn
| height=4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall
| hair=Blond, brown, black, blue, red, and (when older) grey or white
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=Often axes, swords, hammers, mattocks
}}
{{quote|Since they were to come in the days of the power of [[Morgoth|Melkor]], [[Aulë]] made the dwarves strong to endure. Therefore they are stone-hard, stubborn, fast in friendship and in enmity, and they suffer toil and hunger and hurt of body more hardily than all other speaking peoples; and they live long, far beyond the span of Men, yet not forever.|[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"}}
The '''Dwarves''', or '''''[[Khuzd|Khazâd]]''''' in their own tongue, were beings of short stature, often friendly with [[Hobbits]] although long suspicious of [[Elves]]. They were typically blacksmiths and stoneworkers by profession, unrivaled in some of their arts even by the Elves.

While there were several tribes (Houses) of the Dwarves, the most prominent was that of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].

==History==
===Origin===
Unlike Elves and [[Men]], the Dwarves are not counted among the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Their creator was [[Aulë#Names and etymology|Mahal]], known as [[Aulë]] the Smith. Aulë created the Seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], from whom all other Dwarves are descended, deep beneath an unknown mountain somewhere in [[Middle-earth]]. However, Aulë did not have the divine power to grant independent life to any creation, and the dwarves were bound to his will. [[Ilúvatar]] came and reprimanded Aulë, who confessed his desire to create more living things, but in repentance lifted his hammer to destroy the dwarves. Even as the blow was about to land, the dwarves cowered and begged for mercy, as Ilúvatar had taken pity and given true life to the creations of his child, including them in His plan for [[Arda]]. However, Ilúvatar did not wish them to wake before the [[Elves]], whom he intended to be the first-born. Ilúvatar granted the Dwarves life, and therefore they are known as the Adopted Children of Ilúvatar, but he bade Aulë lay them to sleep in their chamber deep beneath the mountain, and they were to awake after the [[Awakening of the Elves]].<ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

[[File:BFME2 - Dwarf 4.jpg|thumb||Dwarves as portrayed in [[The Battle for Middle-earth II]] game.]]
The Seven Fathers awoke in their places in pairs with their wives, though [[Durin|Durin I]] had awoken alone. The seven different groups of Dwarf-folk originated in the locations where the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves first awoke.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}</ref><ref>{{PM|X}}</ref>

The seven clans of the Dwarves were:

* [[Longbeards]], Durin's Folk, originally from [[Gundabad]].
* [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]], originally from [[Mt. Dolmed]].
* [[Ironfists]] and [[Stiffbeards]], originated in the East.
* [[Blacklocks]] and [[Stonefoots]], originated in the East.

Durin settled in the caves above [[Kheled-zâram]] which later became the greatest of Dwarf realms, [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Therefore the halls of the Longbeards were not located near the halls of another Dwarf-kingdom.

There was also an eighth group of Dwarves that was not a separate member from these seven kindreds, but composed of exiles from each: the [[Petty-dwarves]], who were hunted like animals to the point of extinction by the [[Elves]] in the First Age.

===First Age===
The Dwarves for many years did not know any other folk, until Firebeards and Broadbeams had their first meeting with the [[Elves]] in [[Beleriand]] in the year {{YT|1250|n}} of the [[Years of the Trees]]. From that time on there was friendship between the [[Sindar]] and the Dwarves, and they began exchanging knowledge and creating ring-mails and many other works; the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] were unmatched in Middle-earth in smithing. They delved the caves of [[Menegroth]], and adopted the [[cirth|writing]] of [[Daeron]]. It was the Dwarves who told the Sindar about [[Orcs]] attacking their Elven kin on the other side of the mountains, which prompted King [[Thingol]] to begin a build up of arms which the Dwarves made for him.

Later on a great army of Orcs attacked the Elves, but in the [[First Battle of Beleriand]] were defeated and fled. Those that got away ran south right into an army of Dwarves who issued from Mount Dolmed and destroyed them.

After the [[Return of the Noldor]], [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] desired to settle himself in the [[Caves of Narog]] and the Dwarves of the Ered Luin aided him and gave him the dwarven name ''Felak-gundu'' (''[[Felagund]]''). They eventually made for him the [[Nauglamír]]. This necklace without equal contained one of the [[Silmarils]], and sparked jealousy and conflicts over its true ownership. These initial conflicts receded by the beginning of the Second Age, but were rekindled to a new intensity by the discord sown by [[Sauron]]. They eventually created a rivalry and mistrust between Elves and Dwarves that endured to the end of the Third Age, when [[Gimli]] the Dwarf bridged the distance between the two races by developing a deep admiration for lady [[Galadriel]] and forming a strong friendship with [[Legolas]] the Elf.

Things finally came to a head between the forces of Morgoth and the Elves, Men, and Dwarves in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. The Dwarves fought for the [[Union of Maedhros]]

In early [[Second Age]] most of the [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]] houses migrated to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] from their cities in the [[Blue Mountains]] which were ruined during the sinking of Beleriand.

===Second Age===

In the [[Second Age]], around the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Firebeards and Broadbeams who lived in Nogrod and Belegost left the destruction behind and came to [[Khazad-dûm]], increasing its wealth and power.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

The Dwarves had little participation in most of the important events involving the other races. However their friendship with the Elves perhaps became more close than ever; the Dwarves of [[Moria]] maintained close connections to the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] of [[Eregion]]; the [[Doors of Durin]] of Moria were built to facilitate the communication between the two people, and was constructed jointly by both races.

When Eregion was sacked by [[Sauron]]'s forces, the Dwarves assailed them from behind however, it was too late to stop him from conquering all [[Eriador]].<ref name="UTGalad">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>
[[File:Liz Danforth - Annatar and the Seven Rings.png|thumb|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Annatar and the seven rings'']]
When "[[Annatar]]" distributed the Rings of Power, he gave [[seven Rings|seven]] to Dwarf Lords in order to subdue and control them. However, they did not have the same effect as they did over Men. Dwarves did not shift into the [[wraith-world]] and in fact resisted domination. The Rings only augmented their greed and ability to create riches.

At the end of the Age, very few Dwarves participated in the [[War of the Last Alliance|great War]], with some joining the side of [[Sauron]]. Some of the [[Dwarves of Moria]] joined the great host of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Third Age===

[[File:Angus McBride - Dwarves.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''The Dwarves are upon You!'']]
In [[Third Age 1980]], after centuries of greedy digging for ''[[mithril]]'' and other minerals, the Dwarves woke a [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] that was sleeping in the deeps of the Misty Mountains since the First Age. The Dwarves fled Khazad-dum, which from then on was called ''Moria'', which means "Black pit".

Most of Durin's folk left for the [[Grey Mountains]] in the North, while some followed the new king, [[Thráin I]], who briefly went to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] in {{TA|1999}}. For more than 300 years the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] prospered until the Dragons in the far North started to gain strength. Some fled to the [[Iron Hills]], while most followed the new king [[Thrór]] to Erebor to start a new [[Kingdom under the Mountain]]. There, they prospered for over 200 years until the dragon [[Smaug]] descended in {{TA|2770}}. The King and his company went in exile South, while most of the survivors went to the Iron Hills.

Durin's folk settled in [[Dunland]], and in {{TA|2790}} King Thrór traveled North to Moria where he was killed by the [[Orcs|Goblin]] king [[Azog]]. Thrór's son [[Thráin|Thráin II]] (who had received the Last of the Seven Rings from his father before his departure) summoned all the Houses of Dwarves to war. Thus began the [[War of Dwarves and Orcs]], in which the Dwarves destroyed all the Goblin strongholds in the [[Misty Mountains]] culminating to the great [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] where all the dwarven clans united. The Goblin hosts issuing from Moria were strong and relentless until the arrival of fresh [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]. The Battle ended with the victory of Dwarves, but at great cost. The Dwarven clans however were unwilling to repopulate Moria. Thráin therefore came to the [[Blue Mountains]] and established his realm there.

[[File:Angelo Montanini - Dori.jpg|thumb|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dori'']]
The Wizard [[Gandalf]] was instrumental into helping Thráin's son Thorin in reclaiming the Kingdom of Erebor. Thorin gathered around him [[Thorin and Company|twelve dwarves]], mostly from his own line, and was joined by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]. The [[Quest of Erebor]] ended with the death of [[Smaug]]. After a quarrel with the Men and Elves over the unguarded hoard, the Dwarves - assisted by those from the [[Iron Hills]] - united with the Men and Elves to fight the attacking Goblins and Wargs, in what was called the [[Battle of Five Armies]], where Thorin was killed.

[[Gimli]] son of Glóin joined the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] as a representative of the Dwarves and befriended [[Legolas]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

===Fourth Age===
Not much is known about the Dwarves in the [[Fourth Age]]. After the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gimli]] brought a part of Durin's Folk from Erebor to the Glittering Caves behind Helm's Deep and founded a colony there. Subsequently, Gimli went on many travels with his friend Legolas, and History lost track of their fate. Through their friendship and influence, the feud between the two races that had lasted for millennia finally ended, shortly before the departure of the last Elves from Middle-earth. It is rumored that Gimli and Legolas eventually boarded a ship that sailed down the river Anduin, out to sea and across to Valinor in the year {{FoA|120}}. Gimli would thus have become the only Dwarf to ever be permitted to cross to the Undying Lands.

[[Durin VII]] (the Last), retook Moria and brought Khazad-dûm back to its original splendor, and the Longbeards lived there till the "world grew old and the days of Durin's race ended".

==Nature==
They were 4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall and their more distinctive characteristic was their beard which they have from the beginning of their lives, male and females alike; and which they shave only in shame.<ref name=wj13>{{WJ|13}}</ref>

As creations of Aulë, they were attracted to the substances of Arda and crafts. They mined and worked precious metals throughout the mountains of Middle-earth, but had a tendency toward gold lust, and committed their share of rash and greedy acts. Among these was the dispute over the [[Nauglamír]], which led to the slaying of Elu [[Thingol]] and stirred up the initial suspicion between Elves and Dwarves to open hatred.<ref name=rings/>

Dwarves generally lived far from the sea and avoided getting on boats, as they disliked the sound of the ocean and were afraid of it.<ref name=S10>{{S|10}}</ref>
===Hardiness===
The Dwarves were created by Aulë to be strong, resistant to fire and the evils of Morgoth. They were hardier than any other race, secretive, stubborn, and steadfast in enmity or loyalty.

Despite their short stature, they were known for their strength and endurance in battle, as well as their fury, particularly when avenging their fallen kin, and for being some of the greatest warriors in all of Middle-earth. They fought valiantly in many wars and battles over the Ages holding axes.<ref name=wj13/>

Sickness was almost unknown to the Dwarves, as they were immune to human diseases.<ref name=PMAiv/>

They were generally less corruptible than Men. When Sauron attempted to enslave the Free Folk of Middle-earth using the [[Rings of Power]], the Elves completely resisted his power (indeed, his hand had never sullied the [[Three Rings]]), while the [[Nine Rings]] utterly corrupted the Men who bore them into the [[Ringwraiths]]. In contrast, the Dwarves were sturdy and resistant enough that Sauron was not able to dominate them using the [[Seven Rings]]. At most, the Seven Rings sowed strife among the Dwarves and filled their wearers with an insatiable greed for gold, but they did not turn them into wraiths subservient to the Dark Lord, and he considered his plan to have failed. Sauron was furious at the Dwarves' resistance, spurring his drive to recapture the Seven Rings from them.

Another example was [[Gimli]], who, while [[Saruman]] used the power in his voice and the [[Rohirrim]] were spell-bound by his magic, Gimli was unmoved and commented that Saruman's words cannot be trusted, causing Saruman to be angered enough to lose his charm.<ref>{{TT|Voice}}</ref>

===Lifespan===
The lifespan of Dwarves was varied depending on their ancestry. The Longbeards were particularly long-lived, but by the Third Age their lifespan was diminished and they lived, on average, 250 years. Until they were around 30 years of age, Dwarves were considered too young for heavy labor or war (hence the slaying of Azog by [[Dain Ironfoot]] at age 32 was a great feat). By the age of 40, Dwarves were hardened into the appearance that they would keep for most of their lives. Between the approximate ages of 40 and 240, most Dwarves were equally hale and able to work and fight with vigor. They took on the appearance of age only about ten years before their death, wrinkling and greying rapidly, but never going bald. Occasionally they would live up to 300 years of age, and [[Dwalin]] reached the rare lifespan of 340 years (comparable to a Middle Man living to 100).<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

Although Dwarves did not suffer from diseases, corpulence could affect them. In prosperous circumstances, many grew fat by the age of 200 and became physically inept.<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

==Culture and family==
The Dwarves' numbers, although they sometimes flourished, often faced periods of decline, especially in periods of war. The slow increase of their population was due to the rarity of [[Dwarf-women]], who made up only about a third of the total population. Dwarves seldom wedded before the age of ninety or more, and rarely had so many as four children. They took only one husband or wife in their lifetime, and were jealous, as in all matters of their rights. The number of Dwarf-men that married was actually less than a third, for not all the Dwarf-women took husbands; some desired none, some wanted one they could not have and would have no other. Many Dwarf-men did not desire marriage because they were absorbed in their work.<ref name=AppA3>{{App|A3}}</ref><ref name=PMAiv/>

Dwarf-women seldom walked abroad, and that only in great need. When they did travel, they were so alike Dwarf-men in voice, appearance, and garb that it was hard for other races to tell them apart. They were likewise seldom named in genealogies, joining their husbands' families. The only Dwarf-woman named in Tolkien's legendarium is [[Dís]], sister of Thorin Oakenshield, who was given a place in the records because of the gallant deaths of her sons, Fíli and Kíli. The scarcity of women, their rare mention, and their identical looks with the males, coupled with the Dwarves' secretive culture, led many to mistakenly believe that Dwarves were born out of stone, and upon death they returned to that stone.<ref name=AppA3/><ref name=PMAiv/>

Dwarves are fiercely devoted to their parents and children. In their desire for their children to grow up hardy and enduring, they may treat them harshly, but they will protect them at all costs. Dwarves resent injuries to their children and to their parents more than injuries to themselves.<ref name=PMAiv/>

==Religion==
The Dwarves loved and revered the Vala Aulë.<ref name=S10/><ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

Of old the Elves believed that the Dwarves would have no future in [[Arda Unmarred]], but the Dwarves themselves held to a promise that Ilúvatar would hallow them and adopt them as his Children. They maintained that after death Aulë (Mahal) cared for them, gathering them to the [[Halls of Mandos]] with the other Children of Ilúvatar, though in halls set apart. It is said that after the Last Battle they will work alongside Aulë in the remaking of Arda.<ref name=S2/>

==Language==
The Dwarven language was created by Aulë, and was called [[Khuzdul]]. It was a strange language to Elves and Men, and few non-Dwarves learned it, because it was difficult, and the Dwarves kept it secret, preferring to communicate in the languages of their neighbors. Only one Khuzdul phrase was well known to outsiders: the ancient battle cry, going back to at least the First Age: "''Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!''", which means "Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!". The Dwarves taught Khuzdul carefully to their children, as a learned language, not a cradle-tongue, and thus the language changed very little over the ages, unlike those of other races.
The Dwarves also devised a secret language of gestures to communicate between themselves in silence, the ''[[iglishmêk]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 395</ref>

Certainly in the First Age when they first made contact with the Elves, the only tongue in Beleriand would have been Sindarin at that time as the Noldor had not yet returned from Aman. As a logical consequence, therefore, Sindarin was a language used by the dwarves. <ref>{{S|10}}</ref> But the Dwarves were swift to learn and indeed were more willing to learn the [[Elven-tongue]] than to teach their own to those of alien race. <ref>{{S|10}}</ref> In fact, the Dwarves were so impressed by the Elvish runes (The Cirth of Daeron) for writing Sindarin that they adopted them for use in their own tongue and used them forever more.

==Names==
The Dwarves called themselves the ''[[Khazâd]]'', the name Aulë gave them; this is adapted as '''''[[Hadhod]]'''rim'' in [[Sindarin]], and '''''[[Casar]]'''i'' in [[Quenya]]. Casari was the common word for Dwarves among the [[Noldor]], but the [[Sindar]] usually called them ''Naugrim'' or ''Nogothrim'', the Stunted People.<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref>

An epithet for the Dwarves in [[Quenya]] was ''Auleonnar'', meaning "offspring of Aule".<ref>{{HM|PM}}, p. 391</ref>

In their dealings with people of other races, the Dwarves did not reveal their true names, rather adopting new names in other languages (the [[petty-dwarves]] were an exception). During the Third Age, the Longbeards used [[northern Mannish]] names in public.

==Inspiration==
Almost all the names of the Dwarves of Middle-earth are taken from the Old Norse [[Völuspá]].

According to Tolkien, the "real 'historical'" plural of ''dwarf'' is ''dwarrows'' or ''dwerrows''. He once referred to ''dwarves'' as "a piece of private bad grammar" (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|Letters]]'', 17), but in Appendix F to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' he explains that if we still spoke of ''dwarves'' regularly, English might have retained a special plural for the word ''dwarf'' as with ''man''. The form ''dwarrow'' only appears in the word ''Dwarrowdelf'', a name for [[Moria]]. Tolkien used ''Dwarves'', instead, which corresponds with ''Elf'' and ''Elves'', making its meaning more apparent. The use of a different term also serves to set Tolkien's Dwarves apart from the similarly-named creatures in mythology and fairy-tales.

The enduring popularity of Tolkien's books, especially ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]],'' has led to the popular use of the term ''dwarves'' to describe this race in fantasy literature. Before Tolkien, the term ''dwarfs'' (with a different spelling) was used, as seen in ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs''. In fact, the latter spelling was so common that the original editor of ''The Lord of the Rings'' "corrected" Tolkien's ''dwarves'' to ''dwarfs'' (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', 138).

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's Middle-earth mythology (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') the dwarves were evil beings created by [[Morgoth|Melkor]].

In an earlier version of the legendarium it is hinted that the Dwarves do not know about Ilúvatar, or that they disbelieve his existence, but later writings contradict that suggestion.<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Dwarves|Images of Dwarves]]

==External links==

*"[http://lingwe.blogspot.se/2013/02/did-tolkien-coin-plural-dwarves.html Did Tolkien coin the plural “dwarves”?]" by [[Jason Fisher]]

{{references}}
{{Dwarvenclans}}
[[Category:Dwarves| ]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[de:Zwerge]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/nains]]
[[fi:Kääpiöt]]

Dwarves

2018-11-23T00:12:03Z

Dman170: /* Second Age */

{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Dwarves
| image=[[File:Alarie - A bunch of dwarves.jpg|250px]]
| caption="A bunch of dwarves" by [[:Category:Images by Alarie|Alarie]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Naugrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nogothrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]).''[[Khazâd]]'' ([[Khuzdul|K]]), ''[[Hadhod]]rim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''[[Casar]]i'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| origin=Created by [[Aulë]]
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], [[Belegost]], [[Nogrod]], [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Glittering Caves]], [[Grey Mountains]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Gundabad]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| rivalry=[[Elves]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]] ([[Dwarvish]]), [[Iglishmêk]] (sign language), [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]<ref>{{S|10}}</ref>
| people='''Clans:''' [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]], [[Firebeards]], [[Broadbeams]], [[Ironfists]], [[Stiffbeards]], [[Blacklocks]], [[Stonefoots]], [[Petty-dwarves]] '''Groups:''' [[Dwarves of Belegost|Belegost Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Erebor|Erebor Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|Khazad-dûm Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Nogrod Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains|Blue Mountain Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains|Grey Mountain Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills|Iron Hill Dwarves]]
| members=[[Durin]], [[Gimli]], [[Thorin]], [[Dáin Ironfoot]], [[Azaghâl]], [[Mîm]], [[Balin]]
| lifespan=c. 200-350 years<ref name="LOTRProjectStats">{{webcite|author=Emil Johansson|articleurl=http://lotrproject.com/statistics/#lifeexpectancy|articlename=Lord of the Rings in Statistics|website=[http://lotrproject.com/ Lord of the Rings Project]|accessed=15 April 2018}}</ref>
| distinctions=Stocky; bearded; never bald; especially hardy and loyal; notoriously stubborn
| height=4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall
| hair=Blond, brown, black, blue, red, and (when older) grey or white
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=Often axes, swords, hammers, mattocks
}}
{{quote|Since they were to come in the days of the power of [[Morgoth|Melkor]], [[Aulë]] made the dwarves strong to endure. Therefore they are stone-hard, stubborn, fast in friendship and in enmity, and they suffer toil and hunger and hurt of body more hardily than all other speaking peoples; and they live long, far beyond the span of Men, yet not forever.|[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"}}
The '''Dwarves''', or '''''[[Khuzd|Khazâd]]''''' in their own tongue, were beings of short stature, often friendly with [[Hobbits]] although long suspicious of [[Elves]]. They were typically blacksmiths and stoneworkers by profession, unrivaled in some of their arts even by the Elves.

While there were several tribes (Houses) of the Dwarves, the most prominent was that of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].

==History==
===Origin===
Unlike Elves and [[Men]], the Dwarves are not counted among the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Their creator was [[Aulë#Names and etymology|Mahal]], known as [[Aulë]] the Smith. Aulë created the Seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], from whom all other Dwarves are descended, deep beneath an unknown mountain somewhere in [[Middle-earth]]. However, Aulë did not have the divine power to grant independent life to any creation, and the dwarves were bound to his will. [[Ilúvatar]] came and reprimanded Aulë, who confessed his desire to create more living things, but in repentance lifted his hammer to destroy the dwarves. Even as the blow was about to land, the dwarves cowered and begged for mercy, as Ilúvatar had taken pity and given true life to the creations of his child, including them in His plan for [[Arda]]. However, Ilúvatar did not wish them to wake before the [[Elves]], whom he intended to be the first-born. Ilúvatar granted the Dwarves life, and therefore they are known as the Adopted Children of Ilúvatar, but he bade Aulë lay them to sleep in their chamber deep beneath the mountain, and they were to awake after the [[Awakening of the Elves]].<ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

[[File:BFME2 - Dwarf 4.jpg|thumb||Dwarves as portrayed in [[The Battle for Middle-earth II]] game.]]
The Seven Fathers awoke in their places in pairs with their wives, though [[Durin|Durin I]] had awoken alone. The seven different groups of Dwarf-folk originated in the locations where the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves first awoke.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}</ref><ref>{{PM|X}}</ref>

The seven clans of the Dwarves were:

* [[Longbeards]], Durin's Folk, originally from [[Gundabad]].
* [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]], originally from [[Mt. Dolmed]].
* [[Ironfists]] and [[Stiffbeards]], originated in the East.
* [[Blacklocks]] and [[Stonefoots]], originated in the East.

Durin settled in the caves above [[Kheled-zâram]] which later became the greatest of Dwarf realms, [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Therefore the halls of the Longbeards were not located near the halls of another Dwarf-kingdom.

There was also an eighth group of Dwarves that was not a separate member from these seven kindreds, but composed of exiles from each: the [[Petty-dwarves]], who were hunted like animals to the point of extinction by the [[Elves]] in the First Age.

===First Age===
The Dwarves for many years did not know any other folk, until Firebeards and Broadbeams had their first meeting with the [[Elves]] in [[Beleriand]] in the year {{YT|1250|n}} of the [[Years of the Trees]]. From that time on there was friendship between the [[Sindar]] and the Dwarves, and they began exchanging knowledge and creating ring-mails and many other works; the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] were unmatched in Middle-earth in smithing. They delved the caves of [[Menegroth]], and adopted the [[cirth|writing]] of [[Daeron]]. It was the Dwarves who told the Sindar about [[Orcs]] attacking their Elven kin on the other side of the mountains, which prompted King [[Thingol]] to begin a build up of arms which the Dwarves made for him.

Later on a great army of Orcs attacked the Elves, but in the [[First Battle of Beleriand]] were defeated and fled. Those that got away ran south right into an army of Dwarves who issued from Mount Dolmed and destroyed them.

After the [[Return of the Noldor]], [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] desired to settle himself in the [[Caves of Narog]] and the Dwarves of the Ered Luin aided him and gave him the dwarven name ''Felak-gundu'' (''[[Felagund]]''). They eventually made for him the [[Nauglamír]]. This necklace without equal contained one of the [[Silmarils]], and sparked jealousy and conflicts over its true ownership. These initial conflicts receded by the beginning of the Second Age, but were rekindled to a new intensity by the discord sown by [[Sauron]]. They eventually created a rivalry and mistrust between Elves and Dwarves that endured to the end of the Third Age, when [[Gimli]] the Dwarf bridged the distance between the two races by developing a deep admiration for lady [[Galadriel]] and forming a strong friendship with [[Legolas]] the Elf.

Things finally came to a head between the forces of Morgoth and the Elves, Men, and Dwarves in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. The Dwarves fought for the [[Union of Maedhros]]

In early [[Second Age]] most of the [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]] houses migrated to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] from their cities in the [[Blue Mountains]] which were ruined during the sinking of Beleriand.

===Second Age===

In the [[Second Age]], around the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Firebeards and Broadbeams who lived in Nogrod and Belegost left the destruction behind and came to [[Khazad-dûm]], increasing its wealth and power.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

The Dwarves had little participation in most of the important events involving the other races. However their friendship with the Elves perhaps became more close than ever; the Dwarves of [[Moria]] maintained close connections to the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] of [[Eregion]]; the [[Doors of Durin]] of Moria were built to facilitate the communication between the two people, and was constructed jointly by both races.

When Eregion was sacked by [[Sauron]]'s forces, the Dwarves assailed them from behind however, it was too late to stop him from conquering all [[Eriador]].<ref name="UTGalad">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>
[[File:Liz Danforth - Annatar and the Seven Rings.png|thumb|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Annatar and the seven rings'']]
When "[[Annatar]]" distributed the Rings of Power, he gave [[seven Rings|seven]] to Dwarf Lords in order to subdue and control them. However, they did not have the same effect as they did over Men. Dwarves did not shift into the [[wraith-world]] and in fact resisted domination. The Rings only augmented their greed and ability to create riches.

At the end of the Age, very few Dwarves participated in the [[War of the Last Alliance|great War]], with some joining the side of [[Sauron]]. Some of the [[Dwarves of Moria]] joined the great host of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Third Age===

[[File:Angus McBride - Dwarves.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''The Dwarves are upon You!'']]
In [[Third Age 1980]], after centuries of greedy digging for ''[[mithril]]'' and other minerals, the Dwarves woke a [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] that was sleeping in the deeps of the Misty Mountains since the First Age. The Dwarves fled Khazad-dum, which from then on was called ''Moria'', which means "Black pit".

Most of Durin's folk left for the [[Grey Mountains]] in the North, while some followed the new king, [[Thráin I]], who briefly went to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] in {{TA|1999}}. For more than 300 years the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] prospered until the Dragons in the far North started to gain strength. Some fled to the [[Iron Hills]], while most followed the new king [[Thrór]] to Erebor to start a new [[Kingdom under the Mountain]]. There, they prospered for over 200 years until the dragon [[Smaug]] descended in {{TA|2770}}. The King and his company went in exile South, while most of the survivors went to the Iron Hills.

Durin's folk settled in [[Dunland]], and in {{TA|2790}} King Thrór traveled North to Moria where he was killed by the [[Orcs|Goblin]] king [[Azog]]. Thrór's son [[Thráin|Thráin II]] (who had received the Last of the Seven Rings from his father before his departure) summoned all the Houses of Dwarves to war. Thus began the [[War of Dwarves and Orcs]], in which the Dwarves destroyed all the Goblin strongholds in the [[Misty Mountains]] culminating to the great [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] where all the dwarven clans united. The Goblin hosts issuing from Moria were strong and relentless until the arrival of fresh [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]. The Battle ended with the victory of Dwarves, but at great cost. The Dwarven clans however were unwilling to repopulate Moria. Thráin therefore came to the [[Blue Mountains]] and established his realm there.

[[File:Angelo Montanini - Dori.jpg|thumb|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dori'']]
The Wizard [[Gandalf]] was instrumental into helping Thráin's son Thorin in reclaiming the Kingdom of Erebor. Thorin gathered around him [[Thorin and Company|twelve dwarves]], mostly from his own line, and was joined by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]. The [[Quest of Erebor]] ended with the death of [[Smaug]]. After a quarrel with the Men and Elves over the unguarded hoard, the Dwarves - assisted by those from the [[Iron Hills]] - united with the Men and Elves to fight the attacking Goblins and Wargs, in what was called the [[Battle of Five Armies]], where Thorin was killed.

[[Gimli]] son of Glóin joined the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] as a representative of the Dwarves and befriended [[Legolas]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

===Fourth Age===
Not much is known about the Dwarves in the [[Fourth Age]]. After the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gimli]] brought a part of Durin's Folk from Erebor to the Glittering Caves behind Helm's Deep and founded a colony there. Subsequently, Gimli went on many travels with his friend Legolas, and History lost track of their fate. Through their friendship and influence, the feud between the two races that had lasted for millennia finally ended, shortly before the departure of the last Elves from Middle-earth. It is rumored that Gimli and Legolas eventually boarded a ship that sailed down the river Anduin, out to sea and across to Valinor in the year {{FoA|120}}. Gimli would thus have become the only Dwarf to ever be permitted to cross to the Undying Lands.

[[Durin VII]] (the Last), retook Moria and brought Khazad-dûm back to its original splendor, and the Longbeards lived there till the "world grew old and the days of Durin's race ended".

==Nature==
They were 4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall and their more distinctive characteristic was their beard which they have from the beginning of their lives, male and females alike; and which they shave only in shame.<ref name=wj13>{{WJ|13}}</ref>

As creations of Aulë, they were attracted to the substances of Arda and crafts. They mined and worked precious metals throughout the mountains of Middle-earth, but had a tendency toward gold lust, and committed their share of rash and greedy acts. Among these was the dispute over the [[Nauglamír]], which led to the slaying of Elu [[Thingol]] and stirred up the initial suspicion between Elves and Dwarves to open hatred.<ref name=rings/>

Dwarves generally lived far from the sea and avoided getting on boats, as they disliked the sound of the ocean and were afraid of it.<ref name=S10>{{S|10}}</ref>
===Hardiness===
The Dwarves were created by Aulë to be strong, resistant to fire and the evils of Morgoth. They were hardier than any other race, secretive, stubborn, and steadfast in enmity or loyalty.

Despite their short stature, they were known for their strength and endurance in battle, as well as their fury, particularly when avenging their fallen kin, and for being some of the greatest warriors in all of Middle-earth. They fought valiantly in many wars and battles over the Ages holding axes.<ref name=wj13/>

Sickness was almost unknown to the Dwarves, as they were immune to human diseases.<ref name=PMAiv/>

They were generally less corruptible than Men. When Sauron attempted to enslave the Free Folk of Middle-earth using the [[Rings of Power]], the Elves completely resisted his power (indeed, his hand had never sullied the [[Three Rings]]), while the [[Nine Rings]] utterly corrupted the Men who bore them into the [[Ringwraiths]]. In contrast, the Dwarves were sturdy and resistant enough that Sauron was not able to dominate them using the [[Seven Rings]]. At most, the Seven Rings sowed strife among the Dwarves and filled their wearers with an insatiable greed for gold, but they did not turn them into wraiths subservient to the Dark Lord, and he considered his plan to have failed. Sauron was furious at the Dwarves' resistance, spurring his drive to recapture the Seven Rings from them.

Another example was [[Gimli]], who, while [[Saruman]] used the power in his voice and the [[Rohirrim]] were spell-bound by his magic, Gimli was unmoved and commented that Saruman's words cannot be trusted, causing Saruman to be angered enough to lose his charm.<ref>{{TT|Voice}}</ref>

===Lifespan===
The lifespan of Dwarves was varied depending on their ancestry. The Longbeards were particularly long-lived, but by the Third Age their lifespan was diminished and they lived, on average, 250 years. Until they were around 30 years of age, Dwarves were considered too young for heavy labor or war (hence the slaying of Azog by [[Dain Ironfoot]] at age 32 was a great feat). By the age of 40, Dwarves were hardened into the appearance that they would keep for most of their lives. Between the approximate ages of 40 and 240, most Dwarves were equally hale and able to work and fight with vigor. They took on the appearance of age only about ten years before their death, wrinkling and greying rapidly, but never going bald. Occasionally they would live up to 300 years of age, and [[Dwalin]] reached the rare lifespan of 340 years (comparable to a Middle Man living to 100).<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

Although Dwarves did not suffer from diseases, corpulence could affect them. In prosperous circumstances, many grew fat by the age of 200 and became physically inept.<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

==Culture and family==
The Dwarves' numbers, although they sometimes flourished, often faced periods of decline, especially in periods of war. The slow increase of their population was due to the rarity of [[Dwarf-women]], who made up only about a third of the total population. Dwarves seldom wedded before the age of ninety or more, and rarely had so many as four children. They took only one husband or wife in their lifetime, and were jealous, as in all matters of their rights. The number of Dwarf-men that married was actually less than a third, for not all the Dwarf-women took husbands; some desired none, some wanted one they could not have and would have no other. Many Dwarf-men did not desire marriage because they were absorbed in their work.<ref name=AppA3>{{App|A3}}</ref><ref name=PMAiv/>

Dwarf-women seldom walked abroad, and that only in great need. When they did travel, they were so alike Dwarf-men in voice, appearance, and garb that it was hard for other races to tell them apart. They were likewise seldom named in genealogies, joining their husbands' families. The only Dwarf-woman named in Tolkien's legendarium is [[Dís]], sister of Thorin Oakenshield, who was given a place in the records because of the gallant deaths of her sons, Fíli and Kíli. The scarcity of women, their rare mention, and their identical looks with the males, coupled with the Dwarves' secretive culture, led many to mistakenly believe that Dwarves were born out of stone, and upon death they returned to that stone.<ref name=AppA3/><ref name=PMAiv/>

Dwarves are fiercely devoted to their parents and children. In their desire for their children to grow up hardy and enduring, they may treat them harshly, but they will protect them at all costs. Dwarves resent injuries to their children and to their parents more than injuries to themselves.<ref name=PMAiv/>

==Religion==
The Dwarves loved and revered the Vala Aulë.<ref name=S10/><ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

Of old the Elves believed that the Dwarves would have no future in [[Arda Unmarred]], but the Dwarves themselves held to a promise that Ilúvatar would hallow them and adopt them as his Children. They maintained that after death Aulë (Mahal) cared for them, gathering them to the [[Halls of Mandos]] with the other Children of Ilúvatar, though in halls set apart. It is said that after the Last Battle they will work alongside Aulë in the remaking of Arda.<ref name=S2/>

==Language==
The Dwarven language was created by Aulë, and was called [[Khuzdul]]. It was a strange language to Elves and Men, and few non-Dwarves learned it, because it was difficult, and the Dwarves kept it secret, preferring to communicate in the languages of their neighbors. Only one Khuzdul phrase was well known to outsiders: the ancient battle cry, going back to at least the First Age: "''Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!''", which means "Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!". The Dwarves taught Khuzdul carefully to their children, as a learned language, not a cradle-tongue, and thus the language changed very little over the ages, unlike those of other races.
The Dwarves also devised a secret language of gestures to communicate between themselves in silence, the ''[[iglishmêk]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 395</ref>

Certainly in the First Age when they first made contact with the Elves, the only tongue in Beleriand would have been Sindarin at that time as the Noldor had not yet returned from Aman. As a logical consequence, therefore, Sindarin was a language used by the dwarves. <ref>{{S|10}}</ref> But the Dwarves were swift to learn and indeed were more willing to learn the [[Elven-tongue]] than to teach their own to those of alien race. <ref>{{S|10}}</ref> In fact, the Dwarves were so impressed by the Elvish runes (The Cirth of Daeron) for writing Sindarin that they adopted them for use in their own tongue and used them forever more.

==Names==
The Dwarves called themselves the ''[[Khazâd]]'', the name Aulë gave them; this is adapted as '''''[[Hadhod]]'''rim'' in [[Sindarin]], and '''''[[Casar]]'''i'' in [[Quenya]]. Casari was the common word for Dwarves among the [[Noldor]], but the [[Sindar]] usually called them ''Naugrim'' or ''Nogothrim'', the Stunted People.<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref>

An epithet for the Dwarves in [[Quenya]] was ''Auleonnar'', meaning "offspring of Aule".<ref>{{HM|PM}}, p. 391</ref>

In their dealings with people of other races, the Dwarves did not reveal their true names, rather adopting new names in other languages (the [[petty-dwarves]] were an exception). During the Third Age, the Longbeards used [[northern Mannish]] names in public.

==Inspiration==
Almost all the names of the Dwarves of Middle-earth are taken from the Old Norse [[Völuspá]].

According to Tolkien, the "real 'historical'" plural of ''dwarf'' is ''dwarrows'' or ''dwerrows''. He once referred to ''dwarves'' as "a piece of private bad grammar" (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|Letters]]'', 17), but in Appendix F to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' he explains that if we still spoke of ''dwarves'' regularly, English might have retained a special plural for the word ''dwarf'' as with ''man''. The form ''dwarrow'' only appears in the word ''Dwarrowdelf'', a name for [[Moria]]. Tolkien used ''Dwarves'', instead, which corresponds with ''Elf'' and ''Elves'', making its meaning more apparent. The use of a different term also serves to set Tolkien's Dwarves apart from the similarly-named creatures in mythology and fairy-tales.

The enduring popularity of Tolkien's books, especially ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]],'' has led to the popular use of the term ''dwarves'' to describe this race in fantasy literature. Before Tolkien, the term ''dwarfs'' (with a different spelling) was used, as seen in ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs''. In fact, the latter spelling was so common that the original editor of ''The Lord of the Rings'' "corrected" Tolkien's ''dwarves'' to ''dwarfs'' (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', 138).

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's Middle-earth mythology (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') the dwarves were evil beings created by [[Morgoth|Melkor]].

In an earlier version of the legendarium it is hinted that the Dwarves do not know about Ilúvatar, or that they disbelieve his existence, but later writings contradict that suggestion.<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Dwarves|Images of Dwarves]]

==External links==

*"[http://lingwe.blogspot.se/2013/02/did-tolkien-coin-plural-dwarves.html Did Tolkien coin the plural “dwarves”?]" by [[Jason Fisher]]

{{references}}
{{Dwarvenclans}}
[[Category:Dwarves| ]]
[[Category:Races]]
[[de:Zwerge]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/nains]]
[[fi:Kääpiöt]]

Dolmed

2018-11-23T00:06:47Z

Dman170:

{{sources}}{{cleanup}}
{{location infobox
| name=Mount Dolmed
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=[[Blue Mountains]]
| type=Mountain
| description=A large mountain, where the two Fathers of the Western Dwarf Houses awoke
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Firebeards]] [[Broadbeams]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Mount Dolmed''' was a mountain in the [[Blue Mountains|Ered Luin]].

==History==
Mount Dolmed loomed over the only known pass from [[Eriador]] into [[Beleriand]]. It was here that according to the [[Dwarves]] two of the [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], the founders of the [[Broadbeams]] and the [[Firebeards]], awoke. Their descendants later established the Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]].

The two cities were established on the Eastern side of the mountain. Just a little of North-east of Dolmed was Belegost, and a little to the South-east was Nogrod.

In {{YT|1497}}, the [[First Battle of Beleriand]] was fought between the [[Elves]], and the forces of [[Morgoth]]. In the end the Elves had the victory and the surviving [[Orcs]] fled east toward the Ered Luin. They were however met by the Dwarves and annihilated by them.

Almost five hundred years later, a short [[War of the Elves and Dwarves|war]] occurred between the [[Elves of Doriath]] and the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. In {{FA|503}}, after returning from their victory in [[Menegroth]], the Dwarves were [[Battle of Sarn Athrad|ambushed]] at [[Sarn Athrad]] and slaughtered. The survivors were climbing the slopes of Mount Dolmed when they were waylaid and annihilated by [[Ents]].

==Fate==
[[File:Didier Willis - Mount Dolmed and Amon Ereb.png|thumb|Collage of maps showing a mountain peak slightly apart the main range of the [[Blue Mountains]] and apparently coinciding with Mount Dolmed's location.]]
Some [[Tolkienists]] such as [[Robert Foster]] and [[Karen Fonstad]] speculate that after the [[War of Wrath]] Dolmed was destroyed when the Ered Luin were broken and the [[Gulf of Lune]], broke through it.<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', page 89</ref><ref>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', p. 37</ref>

However, [[Ronald Kyrmse|Ronald E. Kyrmse]]<ref>[[Ronald Kyrmse]], "The Geographical Relation between Beleriand and Eriador" in ''[[Mallorn_(journal)|Mallorn]]'' no. [[Mallorn_26|26]], September 1989, pp. 25–27</ref> and later [[Didier Willis]]<ref>[[Didier Willis]], Bulletin de géographie ''Hiswelóce'', special issue no. 1, Winter 1994 (French); [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/site3/articles.php?lng=en&pg=41 Mystères géographiques n°1 : Mont Dolmed & cités naines] (c. 2000), [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/site3/index.php?lng=fr Hiwelokë], accessed March 23rd, 2011 (French); revised and augmented in "Du Beleriand aux confins de Rhûn" in ''[[Tolkien, le façonnement d'un monde]]'', vol. 2, 2014, pp. 197-230.</ref> independently noted a prominent unidentified mountain exactly on the location of Dolmed in the map of Beleriand as well as Mount [[Rerir]] to the north. This, coupled with a reinterpretation of Tolkien's maps, shows that Dolmed at least partially survived the devastation.

==Etymology==
The name means "wet head" in [[Sindarin]], from ''[[dol]]'' and ''[[med]]''. The word for head is used often in Sindarin to refer to hills.

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Mountains]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Dolmed]]
[[fi:Dolmedin vuori]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/beleriand/mont_dolmed]]

Nogrod

2018-11-23T00:06:05Z

Dman170:

__NOTOC__
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Belegost.gif|250px]]
| name=Nogrod
| pronun=
| othernames=Tumunzahar, Hollowbold<ref name="Sindar"/>
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], south-east of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]]
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Lord of Nogrod]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date=[[Years of the Trees]]<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref>
| event2=Destroyed
| event2date={{FA|587}}
| event3=Abandoned
| event3date={{SA|40}}
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
'''Nogrod''' was one of two [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] cities in the [[Ered Luin]] that prospered during the [[First Age]]. It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]].

==Description==
Nogrod lay in the north-central part of the mountain range, near [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] where the Dwarf-road of [[Beleriand]] crossed into [[Eriador]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> It guarded one of the only passes through the mountain range.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("But the Dwarves had built some great Mansions in those mountains [the Ered Luin] (commanding the only passes)")</ref> It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. Nogrod was also the home to the great Dwarven smiths [[Gamil Zirak]] and [[Telchar]].<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref>

==History==
The city was built sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]] when the western [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke from beneath Mount Dolmed.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref>

Nogrod traded with throughout Beleriand and the Dwarves were employed for delvings and crafts, most famously the [[Nauglamir]] for King [[Thingol]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf often went there, as did his son [[Maeglin]].<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref>

At the end of the First Age, Nogrod was ruined in the [[War of Wrath]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> and around the [[Second Age 40|fortieth year]] of the [[Second Age]] the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains began to migrate to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], abandoning Nogrod and [[Belegost]].<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterward.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}} p. 235</ref>

==Etymology==
Nogrod is a [[Sindarin]] name; it was originally known as '''Novrod''' which means "hollow delving" aka '''Hollowbold''', like its original Khuzdul name, '''Tumunzahar'''.

Novrod was altered to ''Naug''rod under the influence of the similar-sounding word ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf".<ref name=el/> Therefore while the name '''Hollowbold''' is provided as the translation of Nogrod<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> it is not a literal translation; the new name means rather "Dwarf dwelling".<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Nogrod"</ref>

The second element of Novrod/Nogrod is Sindarin ''groth/grod'' meaning "delving, underground dwelling".<ref name=el>{{S|Elements}}</ref>

In ''[[The Etymologies]]'' the name is labelled as [[Noldorin]] and is said to contain the element ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf". The second element ''-rod'' is not explained, but a note by [[Christopher Tolkien]] points to entry [[ROD]], an etymological [[root]] meaning "cave". Relevant Noldorin words include ''rhond'' "cave" and ''rhaud'' "hollow, cavernous".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries NAUK, ROD</ref>

Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was ''[[Tumunzahar]]'' (meaning "Hollowbold"),<ref name="Sindar"/> and its [[Quenya]] name was ''Návarot''.<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]

[[de:Nogrod]]
[[fi:Nogrod]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nogrod]]

Naugladur

2018-08-16T03:36:14Z

Dman170:

{{dwarves infobox
| name=Naugladur
| image=[[File:Steamey - Death of Naugladur.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Death of Naugladur" by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Lord of Nogrod|King of Nogrod]]<ref>{{LT2|IV}}, p. 225</ref>
| position=
| location=[[Nogrod]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{FA|503}}
| deathlocation=Killed by [[Beren]] at the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[Firebeards]]<ref group="note"> In volume 12 of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]] ''the [[Dwarf realms|Dwarf-cities]] of Nogrod and [[Belegost]] are described as being inhabited by [[Dwarves]] of the Firebeard and [[Broadbeam]] clans. Based purely on word order, Nogrod appears to have been the domain of the Firebeard Dwarves.</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Hammer, sword<ref>{{LT2|IV}}, p. 238</ref>
| steed=
}}
'''Naugladur''' was the king of the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''.

== History ==
He led the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves|attack]] against [[Menegroth]] to capture the [[Nauglafring]]. Later he fought with [[Beren]] in the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]] and would have slain him, but stumbled and Beren slew him to reclaim the Nauglafring. With his dying words he cursed the treasure that he was bringing back to Nogrod, which Beren dumped in the river.<ref>{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name ''Naugladur'' was never explained by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]], but it is likely a [[Gnomish|Goldogrin]] name meaning "King [of the] Dwarves".<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John D. Rateliff]], [[Patrick H. Wynne]], [[Jason Fisher]], [[Andrew Higgins]] (mailing list discussion)|articleurl=http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mythsoc/message/24132|articlename=naugladur (#24132; first message)|dated=21 February 2013|website=[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mythsoc/ MythSoc mailing list]|accessed=24 February 2013}}</ref>

{{notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Gnomish names]]

Gamil Zirak

2018-08-16T03:30:02Z

Dman170:

{{dwarves infobox
| name=Gamil Zirak
| image=
| caption
| pronun=
| othernames=Zirak the Old
| titles=
| position=Smith
| location=[[Nogrod]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Khuzdul]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[Firebeards]]<ref group="note"> In volume 12 of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]] ''the [[Dwarf realms|Dwarf-cities]] of Nogrod and [[Belegost]] are described as being inhabited by [[Dwarves]] of the Firebeard and [[Broadbeam]] clans. Based purely on word order, Nogrod appears to have been the domain of the Firebeard Dwarves.</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Gamil Zirak''' was a [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] smith.

==History==
Zirak the Old was the master of the dwarf [[Telchar]], the smith of [[Nogrod]], the maker of many renowned works. Gamil Zirak was a great craftsman himself, and the treasuries of [[Thingol]] were known to hold examples of his work.<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref>

==Etymology==
''[[Gamil]]'' means "old" in [[Khuzdul]], and ''[[Zirak]]'' either means "spike" or "silver".

{{notes}}
{{references}}

[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Khuzdul words]]
[[de:Gamil Zirak]]
[[fi:Gamil Zirak]]

Telchar

2018-08-16T03:29:04Z

Dman170:

{{dwarves infobox
| name=Telchar
| image=[[File:Donato Giancola - Telchar forging Narsil.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Telchar forging Narsil" by [[Donato Giancola]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Craftsman
| location=[[Nogrod]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| birth=[[First Age]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=Crafting [[Narsil]], [[Angrist]] and the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]]
| house=[[Firebeards]]<ref group="note"> In volume 12 of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]] ''the [[Dwarf realms|Dwarf-cities]] of Nogrod and [[Belegost]] are described as being inhabited by [[Dwarves]] of the Firebeard and [[Broadbeam]] clans. Based purely on word order, Nogrod appears to have been the domain of the Firebeard Dwarves.</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Telchar''' was a [[Dwarves of Nogrod | Dwarf]] of [[Nogrod]] in the [[Blue Mountains]], and one of the greatest smiths in the history of [[Middle-earth]].

== History ==
Telchar was trained by [[Gamil Zirak]], another great smith.<ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref> Among his works were [[Angrist]] (the knife that freed the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]]),<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref> [[Narsil]] (the sword of [[Elendil]], later reforged for [[Aragorn]] as [[Andúril]]),<ref>{{TT|III6}}</ref> and the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]].<ref name="Narn"/>
==Etymology==
It is not defined whether the name Telchar is [[Sindarin]] or [[Khuzdul]]. The formation seems to suggest to be Sindarin since the digraph ''ch'' is not used in Khuzdul.<ref>{{App|E1i}}</ref>

[[Jim Allan]] notes a resemblance to the ''[[Wikipedia:Telchines|Telchines]]'' of Greek mythology, a mythological race of divine craftsmen.<ref>{{HM|IE}}, p. 89</ref>

{{notes}}
{{references}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]

Azaghâl

2018-08-16T03:26:50Z

Dman170:

__NOTOC__
{{dwarves infobox
| name=Azaghâl
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Azaghal.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Azaghâl" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Lord of Belegost]]
| position=
| location=[[Belegost]]
| affiliation=[[Dwarves of Belegost]], [[Union of Maedhros]]
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{FA|472}}
| deathlocation=[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[Broadbeams]]<ref group="note"> In volume 12 of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]] ''the [[Dwarf realms|Dwarf-cities]] of [[Nogrod]] and Belegost are described as being inhabited by [[Dwarves]] of the [[Firebeard]] and Broadbeam clans. Based purely on word order, Belegost appears to have been the domain of the Broadbeam Dwarves.</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Axe and knife<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>
| steed=
}}
'''Azaghâl''' was the Lord of the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] during the [[First Age]].

==History==
===Early History===
While traveling on the [[Dwarf-road of Beleriand|Dwarf-road]] in [[East Beleriand]], Azaghâl was waylaid by [[Orcs]]; [[Maedhros]] came to his rescue saving his life and treasure, and as a token of gratitude, the Dwarf king gave him his [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin|helm]] made by [[Telchar]].<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, p. 75</ref>

===Union of Maedhros===
Azaghâl and his Dwarves joined the [[Union of Maedhros]] and during the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] covered the retreat of the [[Sons of Fëanor]] by surrounding the Dragon [[Glaurung]]. They hewed at him with their axes, for his scales were not strong enough to shield him from the blows of Dwarven axes. In his rage Glaurung struck down Azaghâl, and crawled over him. With his last breath Azaghâl drove a knife into Glaurung's belly, so wounded him that he fled the field with many of the dismayed beasts of [[Angband]] following.
[[File:Joona Kujanen - The Fall of Azaghal.jpg|thumb|left|Joona Kujanen - ''The Fall of Azaghal'']]
The Dwarves raised up the body of their lord and bore him away; and with slow steps they walked behind singing a dirge in deep voices, as it were a funeral pomp in their country, and gave no heed to their foes; and none dared attack them.<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Azaghâl'' is one of the few [[Khuzdul]] names known. It is not determined whether this was his birthname or an epithet. Its meaning is not known, but it has been argued that it is of the same [[Sundocarmë|Root]] as the [[Adûnaic]] verb ''[[azgara]]'', "to wage war" and even perhaps ''[[Azog]]''. ''Azaghâl'' would then mean "warrior".<ref>http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Fr_Atani.html</ref>

{{notes}}
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Azaghal}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Khuzdul words]]
[[de:Azaghâl]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/1a/azaghal]]
[[fi:Azaghâl]]

Azaghâl

2018-08-16T03:25:51Z

Dman170:

__NOTOC__
{{dwarves infobox
| name=Azaghâl
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Azaghal.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Azaghâl" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Lord of Belegost]]
| position=
| location=[[Belegost]]
| affiliation=[[Dwarves of Belegost]], [[Union of Maedhros]]
| language=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{FA|472}}
| deathlocation=[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[Broadbeams]]<ref group="note"> In volume 12 of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]] ''the [[Dwarf realms|Dwarf-cities]] of [[Nogrod]] and Belegost are described as being inhabited by [[Dwarves]] of the [[Firebeard]] and Broadbeam clans. Based purely on word order, Belegost appears to have been the domain of the Broadbeam Dwarves.</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Axe and knife
| steed=
}}
'''Azaghâl''' was the Lord of the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] during the [[First Age]].

==History==
===Early History===
While traveling on the [[Dwarf-road of Beleriand|Dwarf-road]] in [[East Beleriand]], Azaghâl was waylaid by [[Orcs]]; [[Maedhros]] came to his rescue saving his life and treasure, and as a token of gratitude, the Dwarf king gave him his [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin|helm]] made by [[Telchar]].<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, p. 75</ref>

===Union of Maedhros===
Azaghâl and his Dwarves joined the [[Union of Maedhros]] and during the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] covered the retreat of the [[Sons of Fëanor]] by surrounding the Dragon [[Glaurung]]. They hewed at him with their axes, for his scales were not strong enough to shield him from the blows of Dwarven axes. In his rage Glaurung struck down Azaghâl, and crawled over him. With his last breath Azaghâl drove a knife into Glaurung's belly, so wounded him that he fled the field with many of the dismayed beasts of [[Angband]] following.
[[File:Joona Kujanen - The Fall of Azaghal.jpg|thumb|left|Joona Kujanen - ''The Fall of Azaghal'']]
The Dwarves raised up the body of their lord and bore him away; and with slow steps they walked behind singing a dirge in deep voices, as it were a funeral pomp in their country, and gave no heed to their foes; and none dared attack them.<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Azaghâl'' is one of the few [[Khuzdul]] names known. It is not determined whether this was his birthname or an epithet. Its meaning is not known, but it has been argued that it is of the same [[Sundocarmë|Root]] as the [[Adûnaic]] verb ''[[azgara]]'', "to wage war" and even perhaps ''[[Azog]]''. ''Azaghâl'' would then mean "warrior".<ref>http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Fr_Atani.html</ref>

{{notes}}
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Azaghal}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Khuzdul words]]
[[de:Azaghâl]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/1a/azaghal]]
[[fi:Azaghâl]]

Broadbeams

2018-08-16T03:22:24Z

Dman170:

{{people infobox
| name=Broadbeams
| image=[[File:Ben Wootten - Broadbeam dwarf.png|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Ben Wootten - Broadbeam dwarf.png|Broadbeam dwarf]]" by Ben Wootten
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Mount Dolmed]], [[Belegost]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=[[Firebeards]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Azaghâl]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Broadbeams''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]]. They were originally paired with the [[Firebeards]]. The ancestor of the Broadbeams was among the oldest of the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves (together with the ancestors of the [[Firebeards]] and [[Longbeards]]).<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 301</ref>

The Broadbeams (with the Firebeards) awoke in [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] in the [[Blue Mountains]], and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the Blue Mountains, and dwelt in them before their ruining in the [[War of Wrath]]. It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In an [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|earlier version of the legendarium]] the two cities are clearly inhabited by separate houses; however, Belegost is said to be the home of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Belegost. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Belegost were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the Broadbeams. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was populated by the Broadbeam clan and Nogrod was populated by the Firebeard clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Broadbeams is called '''Linnar's Folk''', said to reside mainly in the Iron Hills during the late Third Age.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Belegost]]
{{References}}
{{Dwarvenclans}}
[[de:Breitschultern]]
[[fi:Väkivarret]]

Firebeards

2018-08-16T03:21:53Z

Dman170:

{{people infobox
| name=Firebeards
| image=[[File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|Firebeard dwarf]]" by Warren Mahy
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Mount Dolmed]], [[Nogrod]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=[[Broadbeams]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Gamil Zirak]] [[Telchar]] [[Naugladur]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Firebeards''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]]. They were originally paired with the [[Broadbeams]]. The ancestor of the Firebeards was among the oldest (together with the ancestors of the [[Broadbeams]] and [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]]) of the Seven Ancestors of the Dwarves.<ref>{{PM|X}}, pp. 301, 322 (note 24)</ref>

The Firebeards (with the Broadbeams) awoke in [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] in the [[Blue Mountains]], and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the Blue Mountains, and dwelt in them before their ruining in the [[War of Wrath]]. It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In an [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|earlier version of the legendarium]] the two cities are clearly inhabited by separate houses; however, Belegost is said to be the home of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Nogrod. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Nogrod were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the Firebeards or the [[Broadbeams]]. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was populated by the Broadbeam clan and Nogrod was populated by the Firebeard clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Firebeards is called '''Úri's Folk''', said to being "''instantly recognizable by the fiery hue of their beards''". After the destruction of Nogrod, some of Úri's Folk went to join the Longbeards at Khazad-dûm, while others delved new halls in the southern Ered Luin.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]

{{references}}
{{dwarvenclans}}

[[de:Feuerbärte]]
[[fi:Tuliparrat]]

Dwarves of Belegost

2018-08-16T03:19:26Z

Dman170:

{{sources}}
{{people infobox
| name=Dwarves of Belegost
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Belegost]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]] [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Azaghâl]]
| lifespan=c. 250 years
| distinctions=
| height=Five feet or less
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Dwarves of Belegost''' were a people of [[Dwarves]] who dwelt in the city of Belegost, the northernmost of the two great Dwarf-cities that stood in the Blue Mountains during the [[First Age]].

In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Belegost. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Belegost were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the [[Broadbeams]]. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was populated by the Broadbeam clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

They had generally better relations with the [[Elves]] than their neighbors in [[Nogrod]], and were behind the building of [[Menegroth]]. The Dwarves of Belegost were friends to the [[Sindar]]<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> and later allies of the [[Noldor]] of [[Beleriand]].<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref> They first met the [[Noldor]] Elves near [[Rerir|Mount Rerir]] and a great friendship began between the two peoples; [[Maedhros]] once saved Lord [[Azaghâl]] from an [[Orcs|Orc]]-assault.<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, p. 75</ref> They joined the [[Union of Maedhros]] and fought bravely beside each other during the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], where they lost their ruler Lord [[Azaghâl]] in battle to the dragon [[Glaurung]].

When the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] assembled a great host of Dwarves to attack [[Doriath]], the Dwarves of Belegost tried to dissuade them from war, but their brethren from Nogrod did not heed their advice. These dwarves went on to fight in the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves]],<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> and later met their demise the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]]. After this tragedy the Dwarves of Belegost started leaving for [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], for fear of reprisal from the Elves. There was much loathing between Elf and Dwarf from there on.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}, p. 235</ref>

Belegost was later ruined in the [[War of Wrath]], and most of the dwarves left for Khazad-dûm. Some stayed to build, or rebuild, new homes and mines, along with the remaining [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. However, Belegost seems to have been mostly abandoned.

In smithing, the Dwarves of Belegost were second only to the Dwarves of Nogrod. They learned many secrets in smithing from the Elves, and Elves from the Dwarves. They created many weapons for the Elves when evil began to stir in [[Beleriand]], and the smiths of Belegost were the first to create linked ring mail.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: The Dwarves of Belegost are called '''Thrár's Tribe'''.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>[[Thomas Morwinsky]], "A Brief History of the Dwarven Mansions", in ''[[Other Minds]]'' issue 4 (July 2008)</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]

{{References}}
[[Category:Dwarven peoples]]
[[de:Belegost]]
[[fi:Belegost]]

Firebeards

2018-08-16T03:18:45Z

Dman170:

{{people infobox
| name=Firebeards
| image=[[File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|Firebeard dwarf]]" by Warren Mahy
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Mount Dolmed]], [[Belegost]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=[[Broadbeams]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Gamil Zirak]] [[Telchar]] [[Naugladur]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Firebeards''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]]. They were originally paired with the [[Broadbeams]]. The ancestor of the Firebeards was among the oldest (together with the ancestors of the [[Broadbeams]] and [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]]) of the Seven Ancestors of the Dwarves.<ref>{{PM|X}}, pp. 301, 322 (note 24)</ref>

The Firebeards (with the Broadbeams) awoke in [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] in the [[Blue Mountains]], and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the Blue Mountains, and dwelt in them before their ruining in the [[War of Wrath]]. It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In an [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|earlier version of the legendarium]] the two cities are clearly inhabited by separate houses; however, Belegost is said to be the home of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Nogrod. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Nogrod were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the Firebeards or the [[Broadbeams]]. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was populated by the Broadbeam clan and Nogrod was populated by the Firebeard clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Firebeards is called '''Úri's Folk''', said to being "''instantly recognizable by the fiery hue of their beards''". After the destruction of Nogrod, some of Úri's Folk went to join the Longbeards at Khazad-dûm, while others delved new halls in the southern Ered Luin.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]

{{references}}
{{dwarvenclans}}

[[de:Feuerbärte]]
[[fi:Tuliparrat]]

Broadbeams

2018-08-16T03:18:05Z

Dman170:

{{people infobox
| name=Broadbeams
| image=[[File:Ben Wootten - Broadbeam dwarf.png|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Ben Wootten - Broadbeam dwarf.png|Broadbeam dwarf]]" by Ben Wootten
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Mount Dolmed]], [[Belegost]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=[[Firebeards]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Azaghâl]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Broadbeams''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]]. They were originally paired with the [[Firebeards]]. The ancestor of the Broadbeams was among the oldest of the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves (together with the ancestors of the [[Firebeards]] and [[Longbeards]]).<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 301</ref>

The Broadbeams (with the Firebeards) awoke in [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] in the [[Blue Mountains]], and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the Blue Mountains, and dwelt in them before their ruining in the [[War of Wrath]]. It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In an [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|earlier version of the legendarium]] the two cities are clearly inhabited by separate houses; however, Belegost is said to be the home of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Belegost. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Belegost were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the Broadbeams. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was populated by the Broadbeam clan and Nogrod was populated by the Firebeard clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Broadbeams is called '''Linnar's Folk''', said to reside mainly in the Iron Hills during the late Third Age.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Belegost]]
{{References}}
{{Dwarvenclans}}
[[de:Breitschultern]]
[[fi:Väkivarret]]

Broadbeams

2018-08-16T03:17:41Z

Dman170:

{{people infobox
| name=Broadbeams
| image=[[File:Ben Wootten - Broadbeam dwarf.png|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Ben Wootten - Broadbeam dwarf.png|Broadbeam dwarf]]" by Ben Wootten
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Mount Dolmed]], [[Belegost]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=[[Firebeards]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Azaghâl]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Broadbeams''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]]. They were originally paired with the [[Firebeards]]. The ancestor of the Broadbeams was among the oldest of the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves (together with the ancestors of the [[Firebeards]] and [[Longbeards]]).<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 301</ref>

The Broadbeams (with the Firebeards) awoke in [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] in the [[Blue Mountains]], and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the Blue Mountains, and dwelt in them before their ruining in the [[War of Wrath]]. It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In an [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|earlier version of the legendarium]] the two cities are clearly inhabited by separate houses; however, Belegost is said to be the home of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Belegost. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Belegost were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the [[Broadbeams]]. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was populated by the Broadbeam clan and Nogrod was populated by the Firebeard clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Broadbeams is called '''Linnar's Folk''', said to reside mainly in the Iron Hills during the late Third Age.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Belegost]]
{{References}}
{{Dwarvenclans}}
[[de:Breitschultern]]
[[fi:Väkivarret]]

Firebeards

2018-08-16T03:16:11Z

Dman170:

{{people infobox
| name=Firebeards
| image=[[File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|Firebeard dwarf]]" by Warren Mahy
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Mount Dolmed]], [[Belegost]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=[[Broadbeams]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Azaghâl]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Firebeards''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]]. They were originally paired with the [[Broadbeams]]. The ancestor of the Firebeards was among the oldest (together with the ancestors of the [[Broadbeams]] and [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]]) of the Seven Ancestors of the Dwarves.<ref>{{PM|X}}, pp. 301, 322 (note 24)</ref>

The Firebeards (with the Broadbeams) awoke in [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] in the [[Blue Mountains]], and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the Blue Mountains, and dwelt in them before their ruining in the [[War of Wrath]]. It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In an [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|earlier version of the legendarium]] the two cities are clearly inhabited by separate houses; however, Belegost is said to be the home of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Nogrod. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Nogrod were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the Firebeards or the [[Broadbeams]]. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was populated by the Broadbeam clan and Nogrod was populated by the Firebeard clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Firebeards is called '''Úri's Folk''', said to being "''instantly recognizable by the fiery hue of their beards''". After the destruction of Nogrod, some of Úri's Folk went to join the Longbeards at Khazad-dûm, while others delved new halls in the southern Ered Luin.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]

{{references}}
{{dwarvenclans}}

[[de:Feuerbärte]]
[[fi:Tuliparrat]]

Firebeards

2018-08-16T03:15:54Z

Dman170:

{{people infobox
| name=Firebeards
| image=[[File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|Firebeard dwarf]]" by Warren Mahy
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Mount Dolmed]], [[Belegost]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=[[Broadbeams]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Azaghâl]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Firebeards''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]]. They were originally paired with the [[Broadbeams]]. The ancestor of the Firebeards was among the oldest (together with the ancestors of the [[Broadbeams]] and [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]]) of the Seven Ancestors of the Dwarves.<ref>{{PM|X}}, pp. 301, 322 (note 24)</ref>

The Firebeards (with the Broadbeams) awoke in [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] in the [[Blue Mountains]], and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the Blue Mountains, and dwelt in them before their ruining in the [[War of Wrath]]. It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In an [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|earlier version of the legendarium]] the two cities are clearly inhabited by separate houses; however, Belegost is said to be the home of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Nogrod. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Nogrod were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the [[Broadbeams]]. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was populated by the Broadbeam clan and Nogrod was populated by the Firebeard clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Firebeards is called '''Úri's Folk''', said to being "''instantly recognizable by the fiery hue of their beards''". After the destruction of Nogrod, some of Úri's Folk went to join the Longbeards at Khazad-dûm, while others delved new halls in the southern Ered Luin.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]

{{references}}
{{dwarvenclans}}

[[de:Feuerbärte]]
[[fi:Tuliparrat]]

Firebeards

2018-08-16T03:15:03Z

Dman170:

{{people infobox
| name=Firebeards
| image=[[File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Warren Mahy - Firebeard dwarf.png|Firebeard dwarf]]" by Warren Mahy
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Mount Dolmed]], [[Belegost]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=[[Broadbeams]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Azaghâl]]
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Firebeards''' were one of the seven houses of the [[Dwarves]]. They were originally paired with the [[Broadbeams]]. The ancestor of the Firebeards was among the oldest (together with the ancestors of the [[Broadbeams]] and [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]]) of the Seven Ancestors of the Dwarves.<ref>{{PM|X}}, pp. 301, 322 (note 24)</ref>

The Firebeards (with the Broadbeams) awoke in [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] in the [[Blue Mountains]], and lived there throughout the history of their people. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the Blue Mountains, and dwelt in them before their ruining in the [[War of Wrath]]. It is not clear whether they shared the two cities or whether each house dwelt in its own.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In an [[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two|earlier version of the legendarium]] the two cities are clearly inhabited by separate houses; however, Belegost is said to be the home of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Nogrod. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Belegost were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the [[Broadbeams]]. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was populated by the Broadbeam clan and Nogrod was populated by the Firebeard clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
: The House corresponding to the Firebeards is called '''Úri's Folk''', said to being "''instantly recognizable by the fiery hue of their beards''". After the destruction of Nogrod, some of Úri's Folk went to join the Longbeards at Khazad-dûm, while others delved new halls in the southern Ered Luin.<ref>{{D|M}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]

{{references}}
{{dwarvenclans}}

[[de:Feuerbärte]]
[[fi:Tuliparrat]]

Dwarves of Belegost

2018-08-16T03:12:11Z

Dman170:

{{sources}}
{{people infobox
| name=Dwarves of Belegost
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Belegost]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]] [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Azaghâl]]
| lifespan=c. 250 years
| distinctions=
| height=Five feet or less
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Dwarves of Belegost''' were a people of [[Dwarves]] who dwelt in the city of Belegost, the northernmost of the two great Dwarf-cities that stood in the Blue Mountains during the [[First Age]].

In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Nogrod. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Belegost were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the [[Broadbeams]]. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was populated by the Broadbeam clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

They had generally better relations with the [[Elves]] than their neighbors in [[Nogrod]], and were behind the building of [[Menegroth]]. The Dwarves of Belegost were friends to the [[Sindar]]<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> and later allies of the [[Noldor]] of [[Beleriand]].<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref> They first met the [[Noldor]] Elves near [[Rerir|Mount Rerir]] and a great friendship began between the two peoples; [[Maedhros]] once saved Lord [[Azaghâl]] from an [[Orcs|Orc]]-assault.<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, p. 75</ref> They joined the [[Union of Maedhros]] and fought bravely beside each other during the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], where they lost their ruler Lord [[Azaghâl]] in battle to the dragon [[Glaurung]].

When the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] assembled a great host of Dwarves to attack [[Doriath]], the Dwarves of Belegost tried to dissuade them from war, but their brethren from Nogrod did not heed their advice. These dwarves went on to fight in the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves]],<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> and later met their demise the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]]. After this tragedy the Dwarves of Belegost started leaving for [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], for fear of reprisal from the Elves. There was much loathing between Elf and Dwarf from there on.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}, p. 235</ref>

Belegost was later ruined in the [[War of Wrath]], and most of the dwarves left for Khazad-dûm. Some stayed to build, or rebuild, new homes and mines, along with the remaining [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. However, Belegost seems to have been mostly abandoned.

In smithing, the Dwarves of Belegost were second only to the Dwarves of Nogrod. They learned many secrets in smithing from the Elves, and Elves from the Dwarves. They created many weapons for the Elves when evil began to stir in [[Beleriand]], and the smiths of Belegost were the first to create linked ring mail.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: The Dwarves of Belegost are called '''Thrár's Tribe'''.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>[[Thomas Morwinsky]], "A Brief History of the Dwarven Mansions", in ''[[Other Minds]]'' issue 4 (July 2008)</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]

{{References}}
[[Category:Dwarven peoples]]
[[de:Belegost]]
[[fi:Belegost]]

Dwarves of Nogrod

2018-08-16T03:08:59Z

Dman170:

{{people infobox
| name=Dwarves of Nogrod
| image=[[File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg]]" by [[Henning Janssen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Nogrod]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Gamil Zirak]] [[Telchar]] [[Naugladur]]
| lifespan=c. 250 years
| distinctions=Short in stature, beards, well-armoured in combat
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Dwarves of Nogrod''' were the [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] House who dwelled at [[Nogrod]] in the [[First Age]].

==History==
During the [[Years of the Trees]] the western [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke from beneath [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] creating the lines of the [[Broadbeams]] and the [[Firebeards]]. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the [[Blue Mountains]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Nogrod. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Nogrod were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the [[Broadbeams]]. The word-order used there suggests that Nogrod was populated by the Firebeard clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

They were initially friendly to the [[Elves]] of Beleriand, renowned as craftsmen and jewelers, such as [[Gamil Zirak]] whose works were to be found in the treasuries of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]],<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref> and [[Telchar]] known for the forging of weapons. Dwarves from the Blue Mountains, perhaps also those of Nogrod, aided the [[Noldor]] in the building of [[Nargothrond]].<ref name=doriath/><Ref>{{S|13}}</ref>

Dwarves of Nogrod, as well as their kinsmen of Belegost, participated in the [[Union of Maedhros]] supplying them with soldiers and weapons.<ref>{{S|20}}</ref>

Some craftsmen from Nogrod stayed in [[Menegroth]] and were asked by King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] to set the [[Silmaril]] in the [[Nauglamir]]. But they coveted the Nauglamir they made and killed Thingol in his treasury, and fled, only to be slaughtered by the avenging Elves who killed all but two. The survivors returned to Nogrod, and lied to their kinsmen saying that Thingol refused to pay the craftsmen and for their work and killed them.

Although the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] refused to aid them, they formed a great host which passed over [[Sarn Athrad]] intimidating the [[Sindar]] who fled before them. In the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves|sack the Menegroth]] they ravaged the Caves and Thingol's treasures. But on their return home they were hunted down by [[Beren|Beren Erchamion]] and killed by his army of [[Green-elves]] and a group of [[Ents]] at the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]] as they were crossing the river.<ref name=doriath>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

[[Nogrod]] was ruined due to the [[War of Wrath]] by the [[Valar]] which marked the end of the [[First Age]]. Most of the Dwarves of Nogrod would later go to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: The Dwarves of Nogrod are called '''Dwalin's Tribe'''.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>[[Thomas Morwinsky]], "A Brief History of the Dwarven Mansions", in ''[[Other Minds]]'' issue 4 (July 2008)</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Belegost]]

{{References}}

[[Category:Dwarven peoples]]
[[de:Nogrod]]
[[fi:Nogrod]]

Dwarves of Nogrod

2018-08-16T03:07:34Z

Dman170: /* History */

{{people infobox
| name=Dwarves of Nogrod
| image=[[File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Henning Janssen - Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg|Nauglamir and the Doom of Thingol.jpg]]" by [[Henning Janssen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Nogrod]], [[Blue Mountains]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| members=[[Gamil Zirak]] [[Telchar]] [[Naugladur]]
| lifespan=c. 250 years
| distinctions=Short in stature, beards, well-armoured in combat
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Dwarves of Nogrod''' were the [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] House who dwelled at [[Nogrod]] in the [[First Age]].

==History==
During the [[Years of the Trees]] the western [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke from beneath [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] creating the lines of the [[Broadbeams]] and the [[Firebeards]]. These two houses built the great Dwarven cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the [[Blue Mountains]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> In the twelfth volume of the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'', ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', an essay appears entitled ''[[Of Dwarves and Men]]'' which sheds some light on the people of Nogrod. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the Dwarves of Nogrod were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the [[Broadbeams]]. The word-order used there suggests that Nogrod was populated by the Firebeard clan.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

They were initially friendly to the [[Elves]] of Beleriand, renowned as craftsmen and jewelers, such as [[Gamil Zirak]] whose works were to be found in the treasuries of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]],<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref> and [[Telchar]] known for the forging of weapons. Dwarves from the Blue Mountains, perhaps also those of Nogrod, aided the [[Noldor]] in the building of [[Nargothrond]].<ref name=doriath/><Ref>{{S|13}}</ref>

Dwarves of Nogrod, as well as their kinsmen of Belegost, participated in the [[Union of Maedhros]] supplying them with soldiers and weapons.<ref>{{S|20}}</ref>

Some craftsmen from Nogrod stayed in [[Menegroth]] and were asked by King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] to set the [[Silmaril]] in the [[Nauglamir]]. But they coveted the Nauglamir they made and killed Thingol in his treasury, and fled, only to be slaughtered by the avenging Elves who killed all but two. The survivors returned to Nogrod, and lied to their kinsmen saying that Thingol refused to pay the craftsmen and for their work and killed them.

Although the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] refused to aid them, they formed a great host which passed over [[Sarn Athrad]] intimidating the [[Sindar]] who fled before them. In the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves|sack the Menegroth]] they ravaged the Caves and Thingol's treasures. But on their return home they were hunted down by [[Beren|Beren Erchamion]] and killed by his army of [[Green-elves]] and a group of [[Ents]] at the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]] as they were crossing the river.<ref name=doriath>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

[[Nogrod]] was ruined due to the [[War of Wrath]] by the [[Valar]] which marked the end of the [[First Age]]. Most of the Dwarves of Nogrod would later go to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: The Dwarves of Nogrod are called '''Dwalin's Tribe'''.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>[[Thomas Morwinsky]], "A Brief History of the Dwarven Mansions", in ''[[Other Minds]]'' issue 4 (July 2008)</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of Belegost]]

{{References}}

[[Category:Dwarven peoples]]
[[de:Nogrod]]
[[fi:Nogrod]]

Nogrod

2018-08-16T02:58:57Z

Dman170:

__NOTOC__
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Belegost.gif|250px]]
| name=Nogrod
| pronun=
| othernames=Hollowbold, Tumunzahar
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], south-east of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]]
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Firebeards]]<ref group="note">The Firebeards and the [[Broadbeams]] were the two Dwarf-clans associated with the [[Blue Mountains]] in ''Of Dwarves and Men'' (in volume 12 of ''The History of Middle-earth''). Nogrod, then, was founded by one of these two, and the rather scanty evidence marginally favours the Firebeards as its inhabitants.</ref>
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Lord of Nogrod]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date=[[Years of the Trees]]<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref>
| event2=Destroyed
| event2date={{FA|587}}
| event3=Abandoned
| event3date={{SA|40}}
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
'''Nogrod''' was one of two [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] cities in the [[Ered Luin]] that prospered during the [[First Age]]. It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]].

==Description==
Nogrod lay in the north-central part of the mountain range, near [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] where the Dwarf-road of [[Beleriand]] crossed into [[Eriador]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> It guarded one of the only passes through the mountain range.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("But the Dwarves had built some great Mansions in those mountains [the Ered Luin] (commanding the only passes)")</ref> It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. Nogrod was also the home to the great Dwarven smiths [[Gamil Zirak]] and [[Telchar]].<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref>

==History==
The city was built sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]] when the western [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke from beneath Mount Dolmed.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref>

Nogrod traded with throughout Beleriand and the Dwarves were employed for delvings and crafts, most famously the [[Nauglamir]] for King [[Thingol]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf often went there, as did his son [[Maeglin]].<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref>

At the end of the First Age, Nogrod was ruined in the [[War of Wrath]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> and around the [[Second Age 40|fortieth year]] of the [[Second Age]] the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains began to migrate to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], abandoning Nogrod and [[Belegost]].<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterward.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}} p. 235</ref>

==Etymology==
Nogrod is a [[Sindarin]] name; it was originally known as '''Novrod''' which means "hollow delving" aka '''Hollowbold''', like its original Khuzdul name, '''Tumunzahar'''.

Novrod was altered to ''Naug''rod under the influence of the similar-sounding word ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf".<ref name=el/> Therefore while the name '''Hollowbold''' is provided as the translation of Nogrod<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> it is not a literal translation; the new name means rather "Dwarf dwelling".<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Nogrod"</ref>

The second element of Novrod/Nogrod is Sindarin ''groth/grod'' meaning "delving, underground dwelling".<ref name=el>{{S|Elements}}</ref>

In ''[[The Etymologies]]'' the name is labelled as [[Noldorin]] and is said to contain the element ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf". The second element ''-rod'' is not explained, but a note by [[Christopher Tolkien]] points to entry [[ROD]], an etymological [[root]] meaning "cave". Relevant Noldorin words include ''rhond'' "cave" and ''rhaud'' "hollow, cavernous".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries NAUK, ROD</ref>

Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was ''[[Tumunzahar]]'' (meaning "Hollowbold"),<ref name="Sindar"/> and its [[Quenya]] name was ''Návarot''.<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389</ref>

{{notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]

[[de:Nogrod]]
[[fi:Nogrod]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nogrod]]

Nogrod

2018-08-16T02:58:13Z

Dman170:

__NOTOC__
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Belegost.gif|250px]]
| name=Nogrod
| pronun=
| othernames=Tumunzahar
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], south-east of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]]
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Firebeards]]<ref group="note">The Firebeards and the [[Broadbeams]] were the two Dwarf-clans associated with the [[Blue Mountains]] in ''Of Dwarves and Men'' (in volume 12 of ''The History of Middle-earth''). Nogrod, then, was founded by one of these two, and the rather scanty evidence marginally favours the Firebeards as its inhabitants.</ref>
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Lord of Nogrod]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date=[[Years of the Trees]]<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref>
| event2=Destroyed
| event2date={{FA|587}}
| event3=Abandoned
| event3date={{SA|40}}
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
'''Nogrod''' was one of two [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] cities in the [[Ered Luin]] that prospered during the [[First Age]]. It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]].

==Description==
Nogrod lay in the north-central part of the mountain range, near [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] where the Dwarf-road of [[Beleriand]] crossed into [[Eriador]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> It guarded one of the only passes through the mountain range.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("But the Dwarves had built some great Mansions in those mountains [the Ered Luin] (commanding the only passes)")</ref> It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. Nogrod was also the home to the great Dwarven smiths [[Gamil Zirak]] and [[Telchar]].<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref>

==History==
The city was built sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]] when the western [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke from beneath Mount Dolmed.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref>

Nogrod traded with throughout Beleriand and the Dwarves were employed for delvings and crafts, most famously the [[Nauglamir]] for King [[Thingol]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf often went there, as did his son [[Maeglin]].<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref>

At the end of the First Age, Nogrod was ruined in the [[War of Wrath]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> and around the [[Second Age 40|fortieth year]] of the [[Second Age]] the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains began to migrate to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], abandoning Nogrod and [[Belegost]].<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterward.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}} p. 235</ref>

==Etymology==
Nogrod is a [[Sindarin]] name; it was originally known as '''Novrod''' which means "hollow delving" aka '''Hollowbold''', like its original Khuzdul name, '''Tumunzahar'''.

Novrod was altered to ''Naug''rod under the influence of the similar-sounding word ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf".<ref name=el/> Therefore while the name '''Hollowbold''' is provided as the translation of Nogrod<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> it is not a literal translation; the new name means rather "Dwarf dwelling".<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Nogrod"</ref>

The second element of Novrod/Nogrod is Sindarin ''groth/grod'' meaning "delving, underground dwelling".<ref name=el>{{S|Elements}}</ref>

In ''[[The Etymologies]]'' the name is labelled as [[Noldorin]] and is said to contain the element ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf". The second element ''-rod'' is not explained, but a note by [[Christopher Tolkien]] points to entry [[ROD]], an etymological [[root]] meaning "cave". Relevant Noldorin words include ''rhond'' "cave" and ''rhaud'' "hollow, cavernous".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries NAUK, ROD</ref>

Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was ''[[Tumunzahar]]'' (meaning "Hollowbold"),<ref name="Sindar"/> and its [[Quenya]] name was ''Návarot''.<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389</ref>

{{notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]

[[de:Nogrod]]
[[fi:Nogrod]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nogrod]]

Belegost

2018-08-16T02:57:32Z

Dman170:

{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Belegost.gif|250px]]
| name=Belegost
| pronun=
| othernames=Gabilgathol, Mickleburg
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], north-east of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]]
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Broadbeams]]<ref group="note">In the twelfth volume of the ''The History of Middle-earth'', ''The Peoples of Middle-earth'', an essay appears entitled ''Of Dwarves and Men'' which sheds some light on the people of Belegost. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the Broadbeams. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was founded by the Broadbeams, while nearby [[Nogrod]] was populated by the Firebeard clan.</ref>
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Lord of Belegost]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date=[[Years of the Trees]]<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref>
| event2=Destroyed
| event2date={{FA|587}}
| event3=Abandoned
| event3date={{SA|40}}
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
'''Belegost''' was one of two great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] [[Dwarf realms|cities]] in the [[Ered Luin]].

==Description==

Belegost lay in the north central part of the Ered Luin, north of [[Nogrod]] and northeast of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]],<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> guarding one of the only passes through the mountain range.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("But the Dwarves had built some great Mansions in those mountains [the Ered Luin] (commanding the only passes)")</ref>

==History==

Belegost was home to the [[Dwarves of Belegost]]. During the mid [[First Age]] its king until [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] was [[Azaghâl]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

Belegost was probably founded sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]].<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref>

At the end of the First Age, Belegost was ruined in the [[War of Wrath]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> and around the [[Second Age 40|fortieth year]] of the [[Second Age]] the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains began to migrate to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], abandoning Nogrod and Belegost.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterward.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}} p. 235</ref>

Additionally, one of Tolkien's earlier maps, as shown by Christopher Tolkien in ''[[The Treason of Isengard]]'' (and also echoed in [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]]'s ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth|Atlas of Middle-earth]]'') still shows Belegost in the Ered Luin in the time of the [[Third Age]], indicating that Belegost may have survived the upheavals of the Second and early Third Ages, or that at least a more recognizable mansion had persisted therein than at Nogrod.

==Etymology==
''Belegost'' ([[beleg]] + [[ost]]) was a [[Sindarin]] translation of the original [[Dwarvish]] name '''''Gabilgathol''''' and both mean "Great City". Unlike other names of the ''Silmarillion'', the text also gives us an English rendering, which was possibly from [[Westron]]: '''''Mickleburg'''''.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> ''Mickle'' is a root meaning "big"; see also [[Michel Delving]].

The city's [[Khuzdul]] name '''''Gabilgathol''''' contains the elements ''[[gabil]]'' "great" and ''[[gathol]]'' "fortress".

'''''Túrosto''''' was the name in [[Quenya]] for Belegost.<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389</ref>

==In adaptations==
In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' the fortress is incorrectly called '''Gabilgathod'''.<ref>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', Beleriand and the Lands to the North, Map</ref>

{{notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]

[[de:Belegost]]
[[fi:Belegost]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:beleriand:belegost]]

Belegost

2018-08-16T02:56:06Z

Dman170:

{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Belegost.gif|250px]]
| name=Belegost
| pronun=
| othernames=Gabilgathol
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], north-east of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]]
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Broadbeams]]<ref group="note">In the twelfth volume of the ''The History of Middle-earth'', ''The Peoples of Middle-earth'', an essay appears entitled ''Of Dwarves and Men'' which sheds some light on the people of Belegost. Circumstantial evidence given there suggests that the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] were unrelated to [[Durin's Folk]], the Longbeards that appear in Tolkien's better-known work, and instead belonged to a different clan, either the [[Firebeards]] or the Broadbeams. The word-order used there suggests that Belegost was founded by the Broadbeams, while nearby [[Nogrod]] was populated by the Firebeard clan.</ref>
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Lord of Belegost]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date=[[Years of the Trees]]
| event2=Destroyed
| event2date={{FA|587}}
| event3=Abandoned
| event3date={{SA|40}}
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
'''Belegost''' was one of two great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] [[Dwarf realms|cities]] in the [[Ered Luin]].

==Description==

Belegost lay in the north central part of the Ered Luin, north of [[Nogrod]] and northeast of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]],<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> guarding one of the only passes through the mountain range.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("But the Dwarves had built some great Mansions in those mountains [the Ered Luin] (commanding the only passes)")</ref>

==History==

Belegost was home to the [[Dwarves of Belegost]]. During the mid [[First Age]] its king until [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] was [[Azaghâl]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

Belegost was probably founded sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]].<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref>

At the end of the First Age, Belegost was ruined in the [[War of Wrath]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> and around the [[Second Age 40|fortieth year]] of the [[Second Age]] the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains began to migrate to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], abandoning Nogrod and Belegost.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterward.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}} p. 235</ref>

Additionally, one of Tolkien's earlier maps, as shown by Christopher Tolkien in ''[[The Treason of Isengard]]'' (and also echoed in [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]]'s ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth|Atlas of Middle-earth]]'') still shows Belegost in the Ered Luin in the time of the [[Third Age]], indicating that Belegost may have survived the upheavals of the Second and early Third Ages, or that at least a more recognizable mansion had persisted therein than at Nogrod.

==Etymology==
''Belegost'' ([[beleg]] + [[ost]]) was a [[Sindarin]] translation of the original [[Dwarvish]] name '''''Gabilgathol''''' and both mean "Great City". Unlike other names of the ''Silmarillion'', the text also gives us an English rendering, which was possibly from [[Westron]]: '''''Mickleburg'''''.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> ''Mickle'' is a root meaning "big"; see also [[Michel Delving]].

The city's [[Khuzdul]] name '''''Gabilgathol''''' contains the elements ''[[gabil]]'' "great" and ''[[gathol]]'' "fortress".

'''''Túrosto''''' was the name in [[Quenya]] for Belegost.<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389</ref>

==In adaptations==
In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' the fortress is incorrectly called '''Gabilgathod'''.<ref>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', Beleriand and the Lands to the North, Map</ref>

{{notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]

[[de:Belegost]]
[[fi:Belegost]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:beleriand:belegost]]

Nogrod

2018-08-16T02:52:20Z

Dman170:

__NOTOC__
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Belegost.gif|250px]]
| name=Nogrod
| pronun=
| othernames=Tumunzahar
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], south-east of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]]
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Firebeards]]<ref group="note">The Firebeards and the [[Broadbeams]] were the two Dwarf-clans associated with the [[Blue Mountains]] in ''Of Dwarves and Men'' (in volume 12 of ''The History of Middle-earth''). Nogrod, then, was founded by one of these two, and the rather scanty evidence marginally favours the Firebeards as its inhabitants.</ref>
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Lord of Nogrod]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date=[[Years of the Trees]]
| event2=Destroyed
| event2date={{FA|587}}
| event3=Abandoned
| event3date={{SA|40}}
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
'''Nogrod''' was one of two [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] cities in the [[Ered Luin]] that prospered during the [[First Age]]. It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]].

==Description==
Nogrod lay in the north-central part of the mountain range, near [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] where the Dwarf-road of [[Beleriand]] crossed into [[Eriador]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> It guarded one of the only passes through the mountain range.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("But the Dwarves had built some great Mansions in those mountains [the Ered Luin] (commanding the only passes)")</ref> It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. Nogrod was also the home to the great Dwarven smiths [[Gamil Zirak]] and [[Telchar]].<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref>

==History==
The city was built sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]] when the western [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke from beneath Mount Dolmed.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref>

Nogrod traded with throughout Beleriand and the Dwarves were employed for delvings and crafts, most famously the [[Nauglamir]] for King [[Thingol]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf often went there, as did his son [[Maeglin]].<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref>

At the end of the First Age, Nogrod was ruined in the [[War of Wrath]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> and around the [[Second Age 40|fortieth year]] of the [[Second Age]] the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains began to migrate to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], abandoning Nogrod and [[Belegost]].<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterward.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}} p. 235</ref>

==Etymology==
Nogrod is a [[Sindarin]] name; it was originally known as '''Novrod''' which means "hollow delving" aka '''Hollowbold''', like its original Khuzdul name, '''Tumunzahar'''.

Novrod was altered to ''Naug''rod under the influence of the similar-sounding word ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf".<ref name=el/> Therefore while the name '''Hollowbold''' is provided as the translation of Nogrod<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> it is not a literal translation; the new name means rather "Dwarf dwelling".<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Nogrod"</ref>

The second element of Novrod/Nogrod is Sindarin ''groth/grod'' meaning "delving, underground dwelling".<ref name=el>{{S|Elements}}</ref>

In ''[[The Etymologies]]'' the name is labelled as [[Noldorin]] and is said to contain the element ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf". The second element ''-rod'' is not explained, but a note by [[Christopher Tolkien]] points to entry [[ROD]], an etymological [[root]] meaning "cave". Relevant Noldorin words include ''rhond'' "cave" and ''rhaud'' "hollow, cavernous".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries NAUK, ROD</ref>

Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was ''[[Tumunzahar]]'' (meaning "Hollowbold"),<ref name="Sindar"/> and its [[Quenya]] name was ''Návarot''.<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389</ref>

{{notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]

[[de:Nogrod]]
[[fi:Nogrod]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nogrod]]

Ossiriand

2018-08-16T02:47:26Z

Dman170:

{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Christopher Tolkien - Ossiriand.jpg|250px]]
| name=Ossiriand
| pronun=
| othernames=Land of Seven Rivers, [[Lindon]]
| location=Eastern [[Beleriand]], between [[Blue Mountains]] and [[Gelion]]
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=[[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]]
| population=[[Laiquendi]]
| language=[[Nandorin]], [[Sindarin]]
| govern1=[[Denethor (son of Lenwë)|Denethor]] (to {{YT|1497}})
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{YT|1350}}
| event2=Arrival of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]
| event2date={{FA|469}}
| event3=Destruction of [[Beleriand]]
| event3date={{FA|587}}
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=[[Lindon]]
}}
'''Ossiriand''' was a region of eastern [[Beleriand]] bounded by the River [[Gelion]] on the west, the River [[Ascar]] on the north, the [[Ered Luin]] on the east, and the River [[Adurant]] on the south.<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> It was a wooded region with many elm trees.<ref>{{TT|III4}}</ref>

==History==
In the [[Elder Days]], a green, forested and little peopled region in easternmost [[Beleriand]]<ref group=note>While Tolkien stated that Ossiriand was a part of Beleriand, he wrote in a manuscript that it "''was regarded as a separate country''". ({{PE|18}}, p. 79)</ref> at the western feet of the Blue Mountains was named ''Ossiriand'' ("Land of Seven Rivers") by the [[Sindar]].<ref name=WJC>{{WJ|C}}, p. 385</ref><ref>{{WJ|Beleriand}}, p. 195</ref><ref name=GA1350>{{GA|1350}}, p. 13</ref>

In the early [[First Age]] before the rise of the [[Moon]],<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}, p. 164 (§29)</ref> a part of the [[Teleri]]n [[Elves|Elven]] people called [[Nandor]] entered Ossiriand under their leader [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]], and were given permission by [[Thingol]] to settle the lands.<ref name=GA1350/><ref>{{MR|P2j}}, p. 93 (§86)</ref> These Nandor became known as the [[Green-elves]].

After their leader Denethor was killed in an [[Orcs|Orc]]-raid, the Green-elves chose no more leaders, and many of them removed to [[Doriath]].<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 263 (§114)</ref><ref>{{S|10}}</ref>

In the following centuries of the [[First Age]], Ossiriand suffered little from the [[Battles of Beleriand]]. After the return of [[Beren]] and [[Luthien]] from the dead, they stayed in [[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]] on [[Tol Galen]]. After the death of [[Thingol]], [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] tried to return home with the treasure of [[Menegroth]]; but they were waylaid by Beren, leading an army of [[Laiquendi]] and [[Ents]]. The Dwarves were all slain, and the treasure was cast into the River [[Ascar]].

Ossiriand was the only part of Beleriand that survived the [[War of Wrath]], although it was split in half by the [[Gulf of Lune]]. For its later history see [[Lindon]].

==Geography==
The Land of Seven Rivers lay between the River [[Gelion]] and the [[Blue Mountains]]. It was so named because Gelion and its tributaries watered the lands.<ref>{{WJ|Beleriand}}, p. 195</ref><ref name=GA1350>{{GA|1350}}, p. 13</ref> The Seven Rivers were, from north to south:<ref name=GA1350/>
#River ''[[Gelion]]''
#River ''[[Ascar]]'' or ''Rathlóriel''
#River ''[[Thalos]]''
#River ''[[Legolin]]''
#River ''[[Brilthor]]''
#River ''[[Duilwen]]''
#River ''[[Adurant]]'', with [[Tol Galen]]

North of Ossiriand lay the land of [[Thargelion]], and south of the river Adurant later lay [[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]]. Along the northern shore of the Ascar ran the Dwarf-Road to [[Nogrod]].

==Names and Etymology==
''Ossiriand'' is [[Sindarin]], meaning "the Land of Seven Rivers"<ref name=PE1781>{{PE|17}}, p. 81</ref> (alternatively "Land of Seven Streams"<ref>{{HM|SM}}, p. 116</ref>).

*Etymology: ''[[otso]]'' + ''[[sîr]]'' + ''[[-ian(d)]]''<ref name=PE1781/>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
Early names used by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] for this region were ''Ossiriande''<ref name="Lay">{{LB|C1}}</ref>, ''Assariad''<ref>{{SM|Q14}}</ref> and ''Ossiriath''<ref>{{SM|4f}}</ref>.

'''Ossiriand''' is one of the rejected names for all of [[Beleriand]] which J.R.R. Tolkien jotted down "on a page of rough working for the opening of the [[The Lay of Leithian|Lay]]" (of Leithian) when he was probably searching for a replacement of Broseliand, used so far. All in all there were eight of these names: [[Golodhinand]], [[Noldórinan]], [[Geleriand]], [[Bladorinand]], [[Belaurien]], [[Arsiriand]], [[Lassiriand]], and '''Ossiriand'''.<ref name="Lay"/>

{{references|note}}

{{navigation
| title= Ossiriand
| north-west= [[Amon Ereb]]
| north= [[Thargelion]]
| north-east= [[Nogrod]]
| west= [[Taur-im-Duinath]]
| east= [[Ered Luin]]
| south-west=
| south=
| south-east=
|}}

{{ossiriandrivers}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Ossiriand]]
[[fi:Ossiriand]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/beleriand/ossiriand]]

Mallorn

2018-08-16T02:41:07Z

Dman170:

{{disambig-two|the tree|journal by [[The Tolkien Society]]|[[Mallorn (journal)]]}}
{{plant infobox
| name=Mallorn
| image=[[File:Ted Nasmith - Mallorn.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Ted Nasmith - Mallorn.jpg|Mallorn]]" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun={{respell|mahl|lorn}}
| othernames=''Malinornë''
| location=[[Valinor]], [[Tol Eressëa]], [[Númenor]], [[Lothlórien]], the [[Shire]]
| notablefor=
| family=
| appearance=Large silver-barked tree, green leaves and golden flowers
}}
The '''mallorn''' (pl. '''mellyrn'''<ref name=HCM>See [[Letter to H. Cotton Minchin (16 April 1956)]]</ref>) was a kind of large tree growing in [[Valinor]], [[Númenor]] and the [[Westlands]].

==Description==
Mellyrn are trees of immense size, especially when growing on Númenor. They are also described as similar to [[birches]]: their bark was smooth and silver-grey, and the leaves were green on top and silver underneath; they turned golden in autumn and remained on the tree through the winter to fall to cover the ground in the spring, when new leaves sprouted. Golden flowers bloomed on the branches.<ref name="Numenor">{{UT|Numenor}}</ref>

The trunk of the tree divided to a crown of many branches, and the [[Galadhrim]] used the space to build ''[[telain]]'' (a sort of platform) or buildings on the top of the trees.<ref name=lor/> The leaves also had practical uses, such as for packing rations of ''[[lembas]]''.

[[Frodo Baggins]] explained that he could feel the life of the tree when he touched a mallorn in [[Lothlórien]].<ref>{{FR|II6}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Decipher - Mallorn Tree.jpg|thumb|left|''Mallorn Tree'' in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'']]
Mallorn-trees originally grew in [[Valinor]] and from there were spread to [[Tol Eressëa]] by the [[Elves]] once the Lonely Isle was moved to its final position by [[Ulmo]]. The Elves of Tol Eressëa brought mallorn-trees to the [[Men]] of [[Númenor]] and they grew on the shores around the [[Bay of Eldanna]] in that land.<ref name="Numenor"/> Even [[Tar-Aldarion]], the great Ship-King, did not cut down these trees.

Mallorn-nuts were given by Tar-Aldarion to his friend [[Gil-galad]], the Noldorin King of [[Lindon]]. The mellyrn did not grow in Lindon, but [[Galadriel]] took some nuts with her to [[Lothlórien]], where they grew to immense heights (but not as great as the groves of Númenor).<ref name="Numenor"/> Lothlórien became known as the ''Golden Wood'' because of them.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}, note 5</ref>

[[Caras Galadhon]], the city of Galadriel and [[Celeborn]] in Lothlórien, was built in the branches of huge mallorn-trees. The [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]] spent the night in a [[Telain|flet]] in a mallorn-tree nearby, and were later given [[lembas]] wrapped in mallorn-leaves.<ref name=lor>{{FR|II7}}</ref>

Galadriel gave [[Samwise Gamgee]] a box of soil containing a single silver mallorn nut.<ref>{{FR|II8}}</ref> After the [[War of the Ring]] and the [[Scouring of the Shire]], Sam planted the nut in the [[Party Field]] where [[the Party Tree]] had stood before its felling. It was the only mallorn-tree in Middle-earth outside of Lórien. When the tree bloomed in the next summer it was said that all the Shire became golden from the flowers.<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The word comes from ''[[malt]]'' ("gold") and ''[[orn]]'' ("tree"). In [[Gondor Sindarin]] the same word was pronounced ''Malthorn''.<ref name="VT4227">{{VT|42a}}, p. 27</ref><ref>[[Carl F. Hostetter]], ''[http://www.elvish.org/Tengwestie/articles/Hostetter/sindll.phtml The Two Phonetic Values of ''ll'' in Elvish Sindarin in ''The Lord of the Rings'']'', published on [http://www.elvish.org/Tengwestie/ Tengwestië], [[7 December|December 7]], [[2003]]</ref>

'''Malinornë''' is the [[Quenya]] translation of [[Mallorn]].<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}</ref>
==Uses outside the Legendarium==
By [[1956]] Tolkien had been informed about "a new house far away [that] has been called ''The Mallorns''" — regrettably, Tolkien noted, as the correct [[Sindarin]] plural would be ''mellyrn''.<ref name=HCM/>

''[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]'' is also the journal published by [[The Tolkien Society]].
==Portrayal in adaptations==
*'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Mallorn trees are the core buildings in the [[Elves|elven]] faction, as they produce resources needed for constructing buildings and recruiting troops. When a mallorn tree reaches level 3, a tower is automatically constructed atop of the tree, where an elven archer is placed.

{{references}}
[[Category:Trees]]

Galadhrim

2018-08-16T02:21:45Z

Dman170:

{{rewrite}}
{{people infobox
| name=Galadhrim
| image=[[File:Rebecca Guay - Galadhrim.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Rebecca Guay - Galadhrim.jpg|Rebecca Guay]]" by Rebecca Guay
| pronun={{respell|gal|ath|rim}}
| othernames=Elves of Lórien, Elves of Lórinand, Tree-people
| origin=[[Silvan Elves]] of [[Lothlórien]]
| location=[[Lothlórien]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Silvan Elvish]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Haldir]], [[Rúmil (Elf of Lórien)|Rúmil]], [[Orophin]], [[Amdír]], [[Amroth]], [[Nimrodel]], [[Mithrellas]], [[Celeborn]], [[Galadriel]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
The '''Galadhrim''' or the '''Tree-people''' were the [[Elves]], mostly [[Silvan Elves|Silvan]] in origin, who inhabited the woods of [[Lothlórien]].

==History==
Some of the [[Nandor]], the [[Teleri|Telerin Elves]] who abandoned the [[Great Journey]] of the [[Eldar]] on the eastern side of the [[Misty Mountains]], settled down in the [[Vales of Anduin]] and later on established the realms of [[Mirkwood]] in the north and [[Lothlórien|Lindórinand]] in the south of [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]].

In the beginning the [[Silvan Elves]] of Lórien were a small and scattered people, and as the power of the [[Longbeards]] of [[Moria]] grew, they relocated to the eastern side of the [[Anduin]].
===Second Age===
After the [[War of Wrath]] at the beginning of the [[Second Age]] many of the [[Sindar]] of [[Beleriand]] migrated eastward. The Elves of Lórien welcomed them. The coming of the Sindar was a great boost to the power and culture of the Silvan Elves. The Silvan language was replaced by Sindarin.

The arrival of one in particular affected them: the Sinda [[Amdír]] took over Lórien. Under his leadership the people of Lórien prospered and their numbers grew. Amdir led an army of Galadhrim to the [[War of the Last Alliance]], where most of them, including Amdír himself, were slain in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]].
===Third Age===
The Galadhrim were now ruled by [[Amroth]] the son of Amdír. Around {{TA|1409}}, some Galadhrim passed over the [[Misty Mountains]] to join forces with [[Rivendell]] under [[Elrond]] against [[Angmar]]. Along with assistance with the [[Elves of Lindon]], they were successful in subduing the witch-kingdom for some time.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

Around {{TA|1980}} with the freeing of [[Durin's Bane|the Balrog]] in [[Moria]] many of the Galadhrim fled south to [[Dol Amroth]] and sailed over Sea to [[Valinor]]. Amroth grew weary of [[Middle-earth]] and wished to sail. But he drowned in the [[Bay of Belfalas]].

In her wisdom [[Galadriel]] saw that Lórien would be a stronghold and a point of power to prevent the shadow from crossing the Anduin, for the Galadhrim were hardy and valiant. But they needed a ruler of greater strength and wisdom than they possessed. That is why Galadriel and [[Celeborn]] took up their permanent abode in Lórien and its government. Under the leadership of Galadriel and Celeborn the Galadhrim prospered and their skill grew.

The Galadhrim defended their home against [[orcs]], who attacked around the end of the [[Third Age]], just before [[Sauron]] was destroyed. The Galadhrim weathered all of the attacks.

With the departure over Sea of Galadriel, most of the Galadhrim went with Celeborn to [[East Lórien]].

==Culture==
The Galadhrim prospered and were instructed under their Sindarin rulers, and afterwards by [[Lord and Lady of Galadhrim|their Lord and Lady]]. They became proficient in making [[Lembas]], [[Elven rope]], Elven-cloaks and many other crafts. They lived in [[telain]] built in the trees.

They spoke [[Silvan Elvish]], and a dialect of Sindarin. Some, like [[Haldir]], but not all, could speak [[Westron]].

==Etymology==
''Galadhrim'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Tree-people". The name consists of ''[[galadh]]'' ("tree") + ''[[rim|rim(b)]]'' ("great number").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 50</ref> See also LotR (50th) p. 341.

In the first edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''Galadhrim'' was spelt ''Galadrim''. In later editions, this was emended to the former, which [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] had decided was the correct Sindarin form.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 305</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Silvan Elves]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]
[[de:Galadhrim]]
[[fi:Galadhrim]]

Iron Hills

2018-08-16T02:00:18Z

Dman170:

{{kingdom| image=| name=Iron Hills| pronun=| othernames=| location=East of the [[Lonely Mountain]], in northeastern [[Rhovanion]]| capital=| towns=| regions=| population=[[Durin's Folk]]| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Westron]]| govern1=[[Lord of the Iron Hills]]| govern2=| govern3=| currency=| holiday=| precededby=[[Grey Mountains]]| event1=Founded| event1date=[[First Age]]| event2=Establishment of Lordship| event2date={{TA|2590}}| event3=| event3date=| event4=| event4date=| event5=| event5date=| followedby=[[Kingdom Under the Mountain]]}}
The '''Iron Hills''' were a range of great hills in the north-east of [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]. The Hills were the source of the river [[Carnen]] and rich in iron.<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref><ref name="Third">{{PM|Third}}</ref> It was also home to a [[Dwarf realms|Dwarf-realm]] of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref>{{H|Gathering}}</ref>

The Iron Hills were rich in iron,<ref name=Relations>{{PM|Relations}}, p. 302</ref> but probably not in [[gold]]; the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]], although prosperous, were not as wealthy as their other cousins.<ref name=Foster/>

==History==
===Early history===
The [[Durin's Folk|Longbeard]] [[Dwarves]] of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] colonized the Iron Hills in the [[First Age]].<ref group=note>The existence of the Iron Hills in the First Age is confirmed by Tolkien's writings published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''. Before these writings were published, other authors speculated that the Iron Hills might have been a part of the [[Iron Mountains]] in the First Age and came into independent existence after the [[War of Wrath]]. See [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' p. 78 and [[Charles Noad]], "A Note on the Geography of the [[First Age]]" in [[Amon Hen 38|''Amon Hen'' 38]], p. 12.</ref> The Hills were their primary source of iron-ore.<ref name=Relations/> The [[Old Forest Road|Dwarf-road of Mirkwood]] ran north-east to the Hills for the dwarf-traders and merchants between Khazad-dûm and the Hills.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, p. 323 (note 30)</ref>

Also in the First Age, some Men who migrated out of the east—"laggard kindred" of the [[Edain]]—chose to settle in the lands between the Iron Hills and Mirkwood.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}, p. 306</ref>

After [[Sauron]] destroyed [[Eregion]] in the [[Second Age]], the Longbeards sealed Khazad-dûm and Orcs took control of the northern Misty Mountains and the Grey Mountains. This ended communication between the Iron Hills and Khazad-dûm for some time.<ref>{{PM|Relations}}, p. 306</ref>

===Third Age===
In {{TA|1981}} the last of the Dwarves living in Khazad-dûm fled from the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] who had slain kings [[Durin VI]] and [[Náin I]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> Some of those who escaped wandered as far as the Iron Hills and resettled there.<ref name="Third"/>

In {{TA|2570|n}} dragons began [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons|afflicting the dwarves in the north]] and in {{TA|2589|n}} King [[Dáin I]] was slain by a [[Cold-drakes|cold-drake]] outside [[Dáin's halls|his halls]] in the [[Grey Mountains]].<ref name="TA"/> Due to these depredations, in {{TA|2590|n}} [[Grór]] son of Dáin left the Grey Mountains and established a Lordship in the Iron Hills.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

Over the next few centuries Grór and his people built the hills from a just an ancient mining colony to a great realm, especially after the [[Sack of Erebor|destruction]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] in {{TA|2770|n}}<ref name="TA"/> when the Dragon [[Smaug]] scattered the Longbeards who dwelt there. Most of the survivors subsequently went to their kinsmen in the Iron Hills, swelling its numbers.

Before the death of [[Smaug]] in {{TA|2941}},<ref name="TA"/> the dwarven realm in the Iron Hills was the only force in the north-east of [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]] capable of offering a large and strong enough resistance to the forces of evil.<ref>{{UT|Erebor}}</ref>

In {{TA|2799|n}}<ref name="TA"/> the final battle of the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] [[Battle of Azanulbizar|occurred in the Dimrill Dale]]. When reinforcements, led by [[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]], arrived from the Iron Hills the battle turned in the favour of the dwarves. With the war over, Dáin led his people home where, after the death of Grór, he became the new [[Lord of the Iron Hills]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

In {{TA|2941|n}} Lord [[Dáin Ironfoot]] led his warriors in the [[Battle of Five Armies]] near Erebor. The battle was won, but Thorin was slain and Dáin became the new [[King under the Mountain]] and [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of the Longbeards]] as Dáin II.<ref name="TA"/><ref name="Durin"/> He relocated to Erebor with many of his people, and re-established it as Durin's folk's greatest and strongest dwelling in the north. The Iron Hills pass out of history after this relocation, but probably were not wholly deserted.<ref name=Foster>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 212</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]
*[[Lord of the Iron Hills]]

==Notes==
{{references}}
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]
[[Category:Hills]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]

Iron Hills

2018-08-16T01:58:11Z

Dman170:

{{kingdom| image=| name=Iron Hills| pronun=| othernames=| location=East of the [[Lonely Mountain]], in northeastern [[Rhovanion]]| capital=| towns=| regions=| population=[[Durin's Folk]]| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Westron]]| govern1=[[Lord of the Iron Hills]]| govern2=| govern3=| currency=| holiday=| precededby=| event1=Founded| event1date=[[First Age]]| event2=Establishment of Lordship| event2date={{TA|2590}}| event3=| event3date=| event4=| event4date=| event5=| event5date=| followedby=[[Kingdom Under the Mountain]]}}
The '''Iron Hills''' were a range of great hills in the north-east of [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]. The Hills were the source of the river [[Carnen]] and rich in iron.<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref><ref name="Third">{{PM|Third}}</ref> It was also home to a [[Dwarf realms|Dwarf-realm]] of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].<ref>{{H|Gathering}}</ref>

The Iron Hills were rich in iron,<ref name=Relations>{{PM|Relations}}, p. 302</ref> but probably not in [[gold]]; the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]], although prosperous, were not as wealthy as their other cousins.<ref name=Foster/>

==History==
===Early history===
The [[Durin's Folk|Longbeard]] [[Dwarves]] of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] colonized the Iron Hills in the [[First Age]].<ref group=note>The existence of the Iron Hills in the First Age is confirmed by Tolkien's writings published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''. Before these writings were published, other authors speculated that the Iron Hills might have been a part of the [[Iron Mountains]] in the First Age and came into independent existence after the [[War of Wrath]]. See [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' p. 78 and [[Charles Noad]], "A Note on the Geography of the [[First Age]]" in [[Amon Hen 38|''Amon Hen'' 38]], p. 12.</ref> The Hills were their primary source of iron-ore.<ref name=Relations/> The [[Old Forest Road|Dwarf-road of Mirkwood]] ran north-east to the Hills for the dwarf-traders and merchants between Khazad-dûm and the Hills.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, p. 323 (note 30)</ref>

Also in the First Age, some Men who migrated out of the east—"laggard kindred" of the [[Edain]]—chose to settle in the lands between the Iron Hills and Mirkwood.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}, p. 306</ref>

After [[Sauron]] destroyed [[Eregion]] in the [[Second Age]], the Longbeards sealed Khazad-dûm and Orcs took control of the northern Misty Mountains and the Grey Mountains. This ended communication between the Iron Hills and Khazad-dûm for some time.<ref>{{PM|Relations}}, p. 306</ref>

===Third Age===
In {{TA|1981}} the last of the Dwarves living in Khazad-dûm fled from the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] who had slain kings [[Durin VI]] and [[Náin I]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> Some of those who escaped wandered as far as the Iron Hills and resettled there.<ref name="Third"/>

In {{TA|2570|n}} dragons began [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons|afflicting the dwarves in the north]] and in {{TA|2589|n}} King [[Dáin I]] was slain by a [[Cold-drakes|cold-drake]] outside [[Dáin's halls|his halls]] in the [[Grey Mountains]].<ref name="TA"/> Due to these depredations, in {{TA|2590|n}} [[Grór]] son of Dáin left the Grey Mountains and established a Lordship in the Iron Hills.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

Over the next few centuries Grór and his people built the hills from a just an ancient mining colony to a great realm, especially after the [[Sack of Erebor|destruction]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] in {{TA|2770|n}}<ref name="TA"/> when the Dragon [[Smaug]] scattered the Longbeards who dwelt there. Most of the survivors subsequently went to their kinsmen in the Iron Hills, swelling its numbers.

Before the death of [[Smaug]] in {{TA|2941}},<ref name="TA"/> the dwarven realm in the Iron Hills was the only force in the north-east of [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]] capable of offering a large and strong enough resistance to the forces of evil.<ref>{{UT|Erebor}}</ref>

In {{TA|2799|n}}<ref name="TA"/> the final battle of the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] [[Battle of Azanulbizar|occurred in the Dimrill Dale]]. When reinforcements, led by [[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]], arrived from the Iron Hills the battle turned in the favour of the dwarves. With the war over, Dáin led his people home where, after the death of Grór, he became the new [[Lord of the Iron Hills]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

In {{TA|2941|n}} Lord [[Dáin Ironfoot]] led his warriors in the [[Battle of Five Armies]] near Erebor. The battle was won, but Thorin was slain and Dáin became the new [[King under the Mountain]] and [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of the Longbeards]] as Dáin II.<ref name="TA"/><ref name="Durin"/> He relocated to Erebor with many of his people, and re-established it as Durin's folk's greatest and strongest dwelling in the north. The Iron Hills pass out of history after this relocation, but probably were not wholly deserted.<ref name=Foster>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', p. 212</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]
*[[Lord of the Iron Hills]]

==Notes==
{{references}}
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]
[[Category:Hills]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]

Dáin's hall

2018-08-16T01:18:34Z

Dman170:

{{location infobox
| name=Dáin's Halls
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Somewhere in the Grey Mountains
| type=City
| description=Capital of the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]]<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Durin's Folk]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[War of the Dwarves and Dragons]]
}}
'''Dáin's Halls''' was a name used for the halls that formed the capital of the [[Grey Mountains]], the name coming from the [[Dwarves|Dwarf]]-king [[Dáin I]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==History==
The Halls of Dáin were probably originally founded by the first exiled dwarves from [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] who had fled the city because of the [[Balrogs|Balrog]]. However because there is no information on the halls, it can only be assumed that it was the capital of Durin's folk at the time.

In {{TA|2589}}<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> Dáin was killed by a great [[Cold-drakes|Cold-Drake]] along with his son [[Frór]] at the entrance to the city. A year later, most of [[Durin's Folk]] abandoned the mountains, and left for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and the [[Iron Hills]].<ref name="Durin"/>

It is possible that either under [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II's]] or [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III's]] reign that this city was retaken.

== See Also ==
*[[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]]

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dain's halls}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]

Dáin's halls

2018-08-16T01:17:28Z

Dman170: moved Dáin's halls to Dáin's Halls

#REDIRECT [[Dáin's Halls]]

Dáin's hall

2018-08-16T01:17:28Z

Dman170: moved Dáin's halls to Dáin's Halls

{{location infobox
| name=Dáin's Halls
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Somewhere in the Grey Mountains
| type=City
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Durin's Folk]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[War of the Dwarves and Dragons]]
}}
'''Dáin's halls''' was a name used for the halls that formed the capital of the [[Grey Mountains]], the name coming from the [[Dwarves|Dwarf]]-king [[Dáin I]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==History==
The Halls of Dáin were probably originally founded by the first exiled dwarves from [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] who had fled the city because of the [[Balrogs|Balrog]]. However because there is no information on the halls, it can only be assumed that it was the capital of Durin's folk at the time.

In {{TA|2589}}<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> Dáin was killed by a great [[Cold-drakes|Cold-Drake]] along with his son [[Frór]] at the entrance to the city. A year later, most of [[Durin's Folk]] abandoned the mountains, and left for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and the [[Iron Hills]].<ref name="Durin"/>

It is possible that either under [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II's]] or [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III's]] reign that this city was retaken.

== See Also ==
*[[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]]

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dain's halls}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]

Rohan

2018-08-16T01:13:06Z

Dman170:

{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Rohan.png|250px]]
| name=Rohan
| pronun=
| othernames=Riddermark
| location=From [[Fangorn Forest]] to [[White Mountains]], between the [[Isen]] and the [[Entwash]]
| capital=[[Aldburg]] ({{TA|2510}} to {{TA|2569}}) [[Edoras]] ({{TA|2569}} onwards)
| towns=[[Dunharrow]], [[Grimslade]], [[Hornburg]], [[Upbourn]]
| regions=[[Eastemnet]], [[Westemnet]], [[Eastfold]], [[Folde]], [[Westfold]], [[The Wold]],
| population=[[Rohirrim]] few [[Dwarves]]
| language=[[Rohirric]], [[Westron]], [[Khuzdul]]
| govern1=[[King of Rohan]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=[[Calenardhon]]
| event1=Formed
| event1date={{TA|2510}}
| event2=
| event2date=
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
'''Rohan''' was a [[Men|Mannish]] kingdom on the northern borders of [[Gondor]]. It was the territory of the [[Rohirrim]], a people of herdsmen and farmers. Well-known for their [[horses]] and cavalry, they were Gondor's most important ally.

== Background==
In the 1200s of the [[Third Age]], the Kings of Gondor made close alliances with the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]], a people akin to the [[Edain#The Three Houses|Three Houses of the Edain]] (later the [[Dúnedain]]) from the [[First Age]]. In the 2000s, a remnant tribe of such Northmen that called itself the [[Éothéod]] moved from the valleys of [[Anduin]] to the north west of [[Mirkwood]], clearing out what remained of the recently defeated witch kingdom of [[Angmar]], east of the [[Misty Mountains]].

In the meantime, the Gondorian province of Calenardhon was deserted by the [[Great Plague]] and during the [[Watchful Peace]] and local chieftains, such as [[Dunlendings]] gained control.<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref> During the time of [[Cirion]] the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward of Gondor]], Calenardhon was overrun by the [[Balchoth]].
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl]]
In {{TA|2509|n}}, Cirion sent summons to the Éothéod for aid in stopping a combined invasion of Men from the north east of Middle-earth, and [[Orcs]] from the [[Misty Mountains]]. [[Borondir]] reached [[Eorl the Young]], king of the Éothéod, who answered the summons, and arrived unexpectedly at a decisive [[battle of the Field of Celebrant]].

As a reward, Cirion invited Eorl on [[Amon Anwar]], over the [[tomb of Elendil]] and he swore mutual alliance and cooperation between the two peoples. The Steward also gave Eorl the deserted but fertile area of Calenardhon to take as their own and repopulate.

==History==
Eorl moved his people there driving out the Dunlendings who attempted to repopulate it without Gondor's consent. Eorl also built the first city of Rohan, [[Aldburg]]. Eorl lost his life fighting the [[Easterlings]] in [[the Wold]].<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref> Migration was continued to the days of second king [[Brego]] who defended the borders against the Dunlendings and Easterlings, and drove the remaining [[Orcs]] and [[Balchoth]] off the Wold. Brego also built the Golden Hall of [[Meduseld]], and made [[Edoras]] the capital of Rohan.

[[File:Jan Pospisil - Edoras.jpg|thumb|Jan Pospisil - ''Edoras'']]
King [[Aldor]] was the founder of a golden age in Rohan's history, during which he completed Rohan's conquest east of the [[Isen]] and the [[Rohirrim]] increased greatly in numbers, who even settled valleys of [[Ered Nimrais]] including [[Harrowdale]]. It was he who succeeded in driving all the remaining Dunlendings from his realm. Rohan continued to prosper during [[Goldwine]]'s rule; but as the guard of the borders lessened, the Dunlendings slowly began to return to northern [[Westfold]], settling the area around the (friendly to them) [[Ring of Isengard]] and the southern eaves of [[Fangorn Forest]]<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref>. A powerful Dunlendish force had been established, and King [[Déor]] was forced to ride northward from Edoras, ultimately to defeat his enemies but he was unable to recapture the Ring of Isengard. The following years the Dunlendings harassed and mingled with the Rohirrim.

The first line of kings lasted for 249 years, until the ninth king [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]]. In {{TA|2758}}, Rohan was invaded by Dunlendings under [[Wulf]], son of [[Freca]], of mixed Dunland and Rohan blood. The King, Helm Hammerhand, took refuge in the [[Hornburg]] until reinforcements from Gondor and [[Dunharrow]] (a refuge of the Rohirrim) arrived a year later and defeated the invaders. In a daring raid [[Fréaláf]] recaptured Edoras, and managed to reclaim it. He eventually drove the Dunlendings back across the rivers Isen and Adorn, freeing all of Rohan.

The Rohirrim now kept a strong force in north [[Westfold]], however at some time King [[Folcwine]] would need the help of Gondor to drive some of them from the area.<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref> He was successful but the people who remained were largely of mixed blood, and not loyal to Edoras.<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref>

It was soon after this that [[Saruman]] arrived and took over [[Isengard]], and was welcomed as a strong ally, since it would take Rohan close to 200 years to recover its strength after the invasion.

As Rohan was still recovering from the war with the Dunlendings, hostilities remained at the western borders. For two generations, during the coincidental [[War of Dwarves and Orcs|conflict]] many thousands of [[Orcs]] tried to claim a refuge in the [[White Mountains]] and troubled the Rohirrim; [[Brytta]] fought them off, and when he died it was believed Rohan was free of Orcs; they were not entirely driven from the White Mountains until {{TA|2864}} by [[Folca]].

During [[Thengel]]'s reign, a mysterious Northerner calling himself [[Thorongil]] entered his service, and rode with him for some time.

Around {{TA|2960|n}} Saruman started to harass Rohan and in {{TA|3014|n}}, he began using his influence to weaken the King, [[Théoden]], as part of a campaign to invade or take over the kingdom. In {{TA|3019|n}}, he launched a full-scale invasion of Rohan, with victories; (Théoden's son, [[Théodred]] was killed during the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]]) and defeat at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], where the [[Huorns]] came to the aid of the Rohirrim.

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Pursuit in Rohan.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Pursuit in Rohan'']]
On the heels of this victory, [[Théoden]] rode with an army to [[Minas Tirith]] and helped break its siege in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], where he was slain. [[Éomer]], the nephew of King [[Théoden]], then succeeded to the throne, beginning the third line. [[Éomer]] rode with the armies of [[Gondor]] to the gates of Mordor and took part in the final battle with the forces of [[Sauron]], who was defeated when the [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]] was destroyed.

The rule of the Stewards of Gondor was now over. King Éomer and the new king of Gondor, [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] (Aragorn), renewed their oath of alliance, and reaffirmed Cirion's grant of Calenardhon to the Rohirrim. But though Sauron had perished Éomer often fulfilled the Oath of Eorl and went with [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] far into the East and South. He was known as Éomer Éadig, or "the Blessed", because during his reign Rohan recovered from the hurts of the War and became a rich and fruitful land again.

After the downfall of [[Sauron]], [[Gimli]] led a party of the [[Dwarves]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] to Aglarond, the [[Glittering Caves]] of the [[White Mountains]] within the realm of Rohan, of which there was an entrance in [[Helm's Deep]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

== Description ==

The borders of Rohan were the river [[Isen]] in the west, bordering [[Saruman]]'s [[Isengard]]; the river [[Adorn]], a tributary of Isen, also in the west, forming the border with the unfriendly [[Dunlendings]]); the [[White Mountains]] in the south; the [[Mering Stream]] in the southeast, at the border between Rohan and Gondor; the Mouths of [[Entwash]] in the east; and the [[Limlight]], a tributary of the [[Anduin]] as the northern border.

The most significant feature of Rohan's geography was the river [[Entwash]], which divided the country between [[Eastemnet]] and [[Westemnet]], itself divided as [[Eastfold]] and [[Westfold]]. Other lands were [[the Wold]], the [[Folde]], the [[Downs]] and the [[Undeeps]].
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Riders of Rohan.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Riders of Rohan'']]
The Rohirrim found abandoned Gondorian fortresses and refuges in the White Mountains, such as the [[Dunharrow]], the [[Orthanc]] and the [[Hornburg]] which they restored and used themselves.

The capital of Rohan was the hill fort of [[Edoras]] which lay on the slopes of the [[White Mountains]]. Another large city was '''[[Aldburg]]''', the capital city of the Eastfold and original city of Eorl the Young. Other cities must have existed but are not named.

At the time of the War of the Ring, Rohan was roughly a third the size of Gondor, whose borders had slowly been shrinking for decades.{{fact}}

===Climate and countryside===
The countryside of Rohan was described as a land of pastures and lush tall grassland. The lands of Rohan are frequently described as appearing like "seas of grass". Most of the Rohirrim dwelt in small villages or farms.

== Politics ==
===Military===
[[File Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - Rohirrim.jpg|thumb|''"Forth Eorlingas!"'']]:The
The military of the Rohirrim was commanded by Marshals. The [[First Marshal of the Riddermark]] was the highest military rank and commanded the [[Muster of Edoras]]: Riders of the capital Edoras and the surrounding lands, including the King's Lands and [[Harrowdale]]. In his youth, King Théoden had led the Riders of the Muster of Edoras himself, so that no First Marshal was needed and at the time of the War of the Ring, there was no First Marshal.

The Second and Third Marshals had no fixed duties, and their roles changed according to the needs of the time. The [[Second Marshal of the Riddermark]] and was based in the [[Helm's Deep]] and around the War of the Ring it was filled by Théoden's son, Prince [[Théodred]]. The [[Third Marshal of the Riddermark]] was based at [[Aldburg]] in the [[Folde]] and around the War of the Ring it was filled by [[Éomer]].

After the War of the Rings, the new rank of [[Marshal of the East-mark]] was created for the eastern Rohan by King Éomer. The first Rider to hold it was his lieutenant, [[Elfhelm]].

===Alliance with Gondor===
The alliance between Rohan and Gondor came into existence in the year {{TA|2510|n}} of the [[Third Age]]. In that year the [[Easterlings]] launched a massive invasion of Gondor. The army of Gondor was defeated and trapped between the Limlight and the [[Celebrant]]. Gondor, which had always been on friendly terms with the different tribes of the [[Northmen]], sent messengers to the closest tribe, the [[Éothéod]]. Although it was unlikely that the message calling for aid would come through, it did. Then [[Eorl the Young]] and his fierce Éothéod Riders unexpectedly took the field during the Battle of Celebrant and turned the tide in the favour of Gondor. As a reward [[Cirion]], the [[Steward of Gondor]], gave Eorl the depopulated province of Calenardhon for his people to settle, while fulfilling Gondor's need for a strong ally. The [[Oath of Eorl]] was sworn by both Cirion and Eorl. Neither nation has ever broken the alliance ever since. Rohan has gone through great lengths to fulfill their part of the treaty including sacrificing two of its heirs when Gondor was under threat from the [[Haradrim]] in 2885, when [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]], the twin sons of King [[Folcwine]], were killed during the Battle of Crossings of [[Poros]]. King [[Théoden]] once again honoured the alliance in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].

===War with the Dunlendings===
To the west of Rohan lived the [[Dunlendings]], a native people who had been hostile against the Free Peoples for a long time. The Dunlending [[Wulf]] briefly usurped of the throne of Rohan during the long winter.

During the [[War of the Ring]], Saruman would incite them against the Rohirrim and they would fight alongside the [[Uruk-hai]] in the [[Battle of the Hornburg]].

===Wormtongue===

When king Théoden began to grow old, he took as an adviser [[Gríma]], later called ''Wormtongue''. Gríma quickly became Théoden's chief adviser, but unknown to all he was secretly working for Saruman. Gríma played on Théoden's fears to further weaken the strength of the king and all of Rohan, always advising retreat where an attack was needed. He may have also begun poisoning the king at this time. This nearly proved disastrous for Rohan, and also for Gondor, by robbing them of their strongest ally in the north. Gríma Wormtongue's plans were not revealed until [[Gandalf]] arrived in Edoras during the War of the Ring.

==Etymology==

The name ''Rohan'' (coined by [[Hallas]]) is [[Gondor Sindarin]], meaning "Horse-country". ''Rohan'' is a debased form of the proper [[Sindarin]] name ''Rochand'' (or ''Rochan''), containing the elements ''[[Horses#Etymology|roch]]'' ("[[Horses|horse]]") and the toponymical ending ''[[-nd|-and]]''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Nancy Smith]], ""[[Index questions]]"</ref><ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}, "iii. Cirion and Eorl"</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 247-8</ref>

The native name of the country was '''[[Riddermark]]''', or simply '''the Mark'''.

In a draft of ''The Appendices'', Tolkien noted that ''Rohan'' "is of [[Noldorin]] origin, a translation of the native ''[[Lōgrad]]''", having the "strictly correct form [...] ''Rochann''."<ref>{{PM|II}}, p. 53</ref>

versions==Other of the legendarium==
Conceptualised as the "Horse kings of Rohan" allied with [[Mordor]] in early drafts of [[1939]], the Rohirrim took their final form in 1942 when the text of the Lord of the Rings was completed to about one third.

==Inspiration==
Several aspects of Rohan's culture and history seem to be inspired by both Goths, Scandinavians and the medieval Anglo-Saxons.

Just like the Germanic Ostrogoths, Rohirric culture was a mounted culture. It had separated from the [[Northmen]], moved south, and had settled in close proximity with a civilization. In the Goths' case it was the Byzantine Empire and in the case of the Rohirrim, it was Gondor.

Especially Hervarar saga, with its [[Mirkwood]], Gothic horsemen and shieldmaidens, appears to have inspired Tolkien when creating the Rohirrim, although he exchanged the Gothic tongue with the Anglo-Saxon.

The antipathy between the Rohirrim and the [[Dunlendings]] resembles the historical tension between the Anglo-Saxon settlers of Britain and the native Celts.
{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Gondor Sindarin words]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Rohan| Rohan]]
[[de:Rohan]]
[[fi:Rohan]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/rohan]]

Rohan

2018-08-16T01:10:25Z

Dman170:

{{cleanup}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Rohan.png|250px]]
| name=Rohan
| pronun=
| othernames=Riddermark
| location=From [[Fangorn Forest]] to [[White Mountains]], between the [[Isen]] and the [[Entwash]]
| capital=[[Aldburg]](from {{TA|2510}} to {{TA|2569}}) Later [[Edoras]] ({{TA|2569}} onwards)
| towns=[[Dunharrow]], [[Grimslade]], [[Hornburg]], [[Upbourn]]
| regions=[[Eastemnet]], [[Westemnet]], [[Eastfold]], [[Folde]], [[Westfold]], [[The Wold]],
| population=[[Rohirrim]] few [[Dwarves]]
| language=[[Rohirric]], [[Westron]], [[Khuzdul]]
| govern1=[[King of Rohan]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=[[Calenardhon]]
| event1=Formed
| event1date={{TA|2510}}
| event2=
| event2date=
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
'''Rohan''' was a [[Men|Mannish]] kingdom on the northern borders of [[Gondor]]. It was the territory of the [[Rohirrim]], a people of herdsmen and farmers. Well-known for their [[horses]] and cavalry, they were Gondor's most important ally.

== Background==
In the 1200s of the [[Third Age]], the Kings of Gondor made close alliances with the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]], a people akin to the [[Edain#The Three Houses|Three Houses of the Edain]] (later the [[Dúnedain]]) from the [[First Age]]. In the 2000s, a remnant tribe of such Northmen that called itself the [[Éothéod]] moved from the valleys of [[Anduin]] to the north west of [[Mirkwood]], clearing out what remained of the recently defeated witch kingdom of [[Angmar]], east of the [[Misty Mountains]].

In the meantime, the Gondorian province of Calenardhon was deserted by the [[Great Plague]] and during the [[Watchful Peace]] and local chieftains, such as [[Dunlendings]] gained control.<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref> During the time of [[Cirion]] the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward of Gondor]], Calenardhon was overrun by the [[Balchoth]].
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl]]
In {{TA|2509|n}}, Cirion sent summons to the Éothéod for aid in stopping a combined invasion of Men from the north east of Middle-earth, and [[Orcs]] from the [[Misty Mountains]]. [[Borondir]] reached [[Eorl the Young]], king of the Éothéod, who answered the summons, and arrived unexpectedly at a decisive [[battle of the Field of Celebrant]].

As a reward, Cirion invited Eorl on [[Amon Anwar]], over the [[tomb of Elendil]] and he swore mutual alliance and cooperation between the two peoples. The Steward also gave Eorl the deserted but fertile area of Calenardhon to take as their own and repopulate.

==History==
Eorl moved his people there driving out the Dunlendings who attempted to repopulate it without Gondor's consent. Eorl also built the first city of Rohan, [[Aldburg]]. Eorl lost his life fighting the [[Easterlings]] in [[the Wold]].<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref> Migration was continued to the days of second king [[Brego]] who defended the borders against the Dunlendings and Easterlings, and drove the remaining [[Orcs]] and [[Balchoth]] off the Wold. Brego also built the Golden Hall of [[Meduseld]], and made [[Edoras]] the capital of Rohan.

[[File:Jan Pospisil - Edoras.jpg|thumb|Jan Pospisil - ''Edoras'']]
King [[Aldor]] was the founder of a golden age in Rohan's history, during which he completed Rohan's conquest east of the [[Isen]] and the [[Rohirrim]] increased greatly in numbers, who even settled valleys of [[Ered Nimrais]] including [[Harrowdale]]. It was he who succeeded in driving all the remaining Dunlendings from his realm. Rohan continued to prosper during [[Goldwine]]'s rule; but as the guard of the borders lessened, the Dunlendings slowly began to return to northern [[Westfold]], settling the area around the (friendly to them) [[Ring of Isengard]] and the southern eaves of [[Fangorn Forest]]<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref>. A powerful Dunlendish force had been established, and King [[Déor]] was forced to ride northward from Edoras, ultimately to defeat his enemies but he was unable to recapture the Ring of Isengard. The following years the Dunlendings harassed and mingled with the Rohirrim.

The first line of kings lasted for 249 years, until the ninth king [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]]. In {{TA|2758}}, Rohan was invaded by Dunlendings under [[Wulf]], son of [[Freca]], of mixed Dunland and Rohan blood. The King, Helm Hammerhand, took refuge in the [[Hornburg]] until reinforcements from Gondor and [[Dunharrow]] (a refuge of the Rohirrim) arrived a year later and defeated the invaders. In a daring raid [[Fréaláf]] recaptured Edoras, and managed to reclaim it. He eventually drove the Dunlendings back across the rivers Isen and Adorn, freeing all of Rohan.

The Rohirrim now kept a strong force in north [[Westfold]], however at some time King [[Folcwine]] would need the help of Gondor to drive some of them from the area.<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref> He was successful but the people who remained were largely of mixed blood, and not loyal to Edoras.<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref>

It was soon after this that [[Saruman]] arrived and took over [[Isengard]], and was welcomed as a strong ally, since it would take Rohan close to 200 years to recover its strength after the invasion.

As Rohan was still recovering from the war with the Dunlendings, hostilities remained at the western borders. For two generations, during the coincidental [[War of Dwarves and Orcs|conflict]] many thousands of [[Orcs]] tried to claim a refuge in the [[White Mountains]] and troubled the Rohirrim; [[Brytta]] fought them off, and when he died it was believed Rohan was free of Orcs; they were not entirely driven from the White Mountains until {{TA|2864}} by [[Folca]].

During [[Thengel]]'s reign, a mysterious Northerner calling himself [[Thorongil]] entered his service, and rode with him for some time.

Around {{TA|2960|n}} Saruman started to harass Rohan and in {{TA|3014|n}}, he began using his influence to weaken the King, [[Théoden]], as part of a campaign to invade or take over the kingdom. In {{TA|3019|n}}, he launched a full-scale invasion of Rohan, with victories; (Théoden's son, [[Théodred]] was killed during the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]]) and defeat at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], where the [[Huorns]] came to the aid of the Rohirrim.

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Pursuit in Rohan.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Pursuit in Rohan'']]
On the heels of this victory, [[Théoden]] rode with an army to [[Minas Tirith]] and helped break its siege in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], where he was slain. [[Éomer]], the nephew of King [[Théoden]], then succeeded to the throne, beginning the third line. [[Éomer]] rode with the armies of [[Gondor]] to the gates of Mordor and took part in the final battle with the forces of [[Sauron]], who was defeated when the [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]] was destroyed.

The rule of the Stewards of Gondor was now over. King Éomer and the new king of Gondor, [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] (Aragorn), renewed their oath of alliance, and reaffirmed Cirion's grant of Calenardhon to the Rohirrim. But though Sauron had perished Éomer often fulfilled the Oath of Eorl and went with [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] far into the East and South. He was known as Éomer Éadig, or "the Blessed", because during his reign Rohan recovered from the hurts of the War and became a rich and fruitful land again.

After the downfall of [[Sauron]], [[Gimli]] led a party of the [[Dwarves]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] to Aglarond, the [[Glittering Caves]] of the [[White Mountains]] within the realm of Rohan, of which there was an entrance in [[Helm's Deep]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

== Description ==

The borders of Rohan were the river [[Isen]] in the west, bordering [[Saruman]]'s [[Isengard]]; the river [[Adorn]], a tributary of Isen, also in the west, forming the border with the unfriendly [[Dunlendings]]); the [[White Mountains]] in the south; the [[Mering Stream]] in the southeast, at the border between Rohan and Gondor; the Mouths of [[Entwash]] in the east; and the [[Limlight]], a tributary of the [[Anduin]] as the northern border.

The most significant feature of Rohan's geography was the river [[Entwash]], which divided the country between [[Eastemnet]] and [[Westemnet]], itself divided as [[Eastfold]] and [[Westfold]]. Other lands were [[the Wold]], the [[Folde]], the [[Downs]] and the [[Undeeps]].
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Riders of Rohan.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Riders of Rohan'']]
The Rohirrim found abandoned Gondorian fortresses and refuges in the White Mountains, such as the [[Dunharrow]], the [[Orthanc]] and the [[Hornburg]] which they restored and used themselves.

The capital of Rohan was the hill fort of [[Edoras]] which lay on the slopes of the [[White Mountains]]. Another large city was '''[[Aldburg]]''', the capital city of the Eastfold and original city of Eorl the Young. Other cities must have existed but are not named.

At the time of the War of the Ring, Rohan was roughly a third the size of Gondor, whose borders had slowly been shrinking for decades.{{fact}}

===Climate and countryside===
The countryside of Rohan was described as a land of pastures and lush tall grassland. The lands of Rohan are frequently described as appearing like "seas of grass". Most of the Rohirrim dwelt in small villages or farms.

== Politics ==
===Military===
[[File Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - Rohirrim.jpg|thumb|''"Forth Eorlingas!"'']]:The
The military of the Rohirrim was commanded by Marshals. The [[First Marshal of the Riddermark]] was the highest military rank and commanded the [[Muster of Edoras]]: Riders of the capital Edoras and the surrounding lands, including the King's Lands and [[Harrowdale]]. In his youth, King Théoden had led the Riders of the Muster of Edoras himself, so that no First Marshal was needed and at the time of the War of the Ring, there was no First Marshal.

The Second and Third Marshals had no fixed duties, and their roles changed according to the needs of the time. The [[Second Marshal of the Riddermark]] and was based in the [[Helm's Deep]] and around the War of the Ring it was filled by Théoden's son, Prince [[Théodred]]. The [[Third Marshal of the Riddermark]] was based at [[Aldburg]] in the [[Folde]] and around the War of the Ring it was filled by [[Éomer]].

After the War of the Rings, the new rank of [[Marshal of the East-mark]] was created for the eastern Rohan by King Éomer. The first Rider to hold it was his lieutenant, [[Elfhelm]].

===Alliance with Gondor===
The alliance between Rohan and Gondor came into existence in the year {{TA|2510|n}} of the [[Third Age]]. In that year the [[Easterlings]] launched a massive invasion of Gondor. The army of Gondor was defeated and trapped between the Limlight and the [[Celebrant]]. Gondor, which had always been on friendly terms with the different tribes of the [[Northmen]], sent messengers to the closest tribe, the [[Éothéod]]. Although it was unlikely that the message calling for aid would come through, it did. Then [[Eorl the Young]] and his fierce Éothéod Riders unexpectedly took the field during the Battle of Celebrant and turned the tide in the favour of Gondor. As a reward [[Cirion]], the [[Steward of Gondor]], gave Eorl the depopulated province of Calenardhon for his people to settle, while fulfilling Gondor's need for a strong ally. The [[Oath of Eorl]] was sworn by both Cirion and Eorl. Neither nation has ever broken the alliance ever since. Rohan has gone through great lengths to fulfill their part of the treaty including sacrificing two of its heirs when Gondor was under threat from the [[Haradrim]] in 2885, when [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]], the twin sons of King [[Folcwine]], were killed during the Battle of Crossings of [[Poros]]. King [[Théoden]] once again honoured the alliance in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].

===War with the Dunlendings===
To the west of Rohan lived the [[Dunlendings]], a native people who had been hostile against the Free Peoples for a long time. The Dunlending [[Wulf]] briefly usurped of the throne of Rohan during the long winter.

During the [[War of the Ring]], Saruman would incite them against the Rohirrim and they would fight alongside the [[Uruk-hai]] in the [[Battle of the Hornburg]].

===Wormtongue===

When king Théoden began to grow old, he took as an adviser [[Gríma]], later called ''Wormtongue''. Gríma quickly became Théoden's chief adviser, but unknown to all he was secretly working for Saruman. Gríma played on Théoden's fears to further weaken the strength of the king and all of Rohan, always advising retreat where an attack was needed. He may have also begun poisoning the king at this time. This nearly proved disastrous for Rohan, and also for Gondor, by robbing them of their strongest ally in the north. Gríma Wormtongue's plans were not revealed until [[Gandalf]] arrived in Edoras during the War of the Ring.

==Etymology==

The name ''Rohan'' (coined by [[Hallas]]) is [[Gondor Sindarin]], meaning "Horse-country". ''Rohan'' is a debased form of the proper [[Sindarin]] name ''Rochand'' (or ''Rochan''), containing the elements ''[[Horses#Etymology|roch]]'' ("[[Horses|horse]]") and the toponymical ending ''[[-nd|-and]]''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Nancy Smith]], ""[[Index questions]]"</ref><ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}, "iii. Cirion and Eorl"</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 247-8</ref>

The native name of the country was '''[[Riddermark]]''', or simply '''the Mark'''.

In a draft of ''The Appendices'', Tolkien noted that ''Rohan'' "is of [[Noldorin]] origin, a translation of the native ''[[Lōgrad]]''", having the "strictly correct form [...] ''Rochann''."<ref>{{PM|II}}, p. 53</ref>

versions==Other of the legendarium==
Conceptualised as the "Horse kings of Rohan" allied with [[Mordor]] in early drafts of [[1939]], the Rohirrim took their final form in 1942 when the text of the Lord of the Rings was completed to about one third.

==Inspiration==
Several aspects of Rohan's culture and history seem to be inspired by both Goths, Scandinavians and the medieval Anglo-Saxons.

Just like the Germanic Ostrogoths, Rohirric culture was a mounted culture. It had separated from the [[Northmen]], moved south, and had settled in close proximity with a civilization. In the Goths' case it was the Byzantine Empire and in the case of the Rohirrim, it was Gondor.

Especially Hervarar saga, with its [[Mirkwood]], Gothic horsemen and shieldmaidens, appears to have inspired Tolkien when creating the Rohirrim, although he exchanged the Gothic tongue with the Anglo-Saxon.

The antipathy between the Rohirrim and the [[Dunlendings]] resembles the historical tension between the Anglo-Saxon settlers of Britain and the native Celts.
{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Gondor Sindarin words]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Rohan| Rohan]]
[[de:Rohan]]
[[fi:Rohan]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/rohan]]

Arnor

2018-08-16T00:43:17Z

Dman170: /* Cities, Fortresses and Watchtowers */

{{kingdom
| image=
| name=Arnor
| pronun=
| othernames=Kingdom of the North, the Lost Realm, the North-kingdom, the North-realm
| location=Most of [[Eriador]]
| capital=[[Annúminas]], later [[Fornost Erain]]
| towns=[[Lond Daer]], [[Tharbad]], [[Bree]], [[Hobbiton]]
| regions=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Rhudaur]]
| population=[[Arnorians]] [[Middle Men]] [[Hobbits|Hobbits]] few [[Elves]]
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Hobbitish]]
| govern1=[[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]
| govern2=[[High King of the Dúnedain]]
| govern3=Council of Arnor
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded
| event1date={{SA|3320}}
| event2=Divided
| event2date={{TA|861}}
| event3=Abandoned
| event3date={{TA|1974}}
| event4=Re-formed
| event4date={{FoA|1}}
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
{{Pronounce|Arnor.mp3|Ardamir}}

'''Arnor''', or the '''Northern Kingdom''', was a kingdom of the [[Dúnedain]] in the land of [[Eriador]] in [[Middle-earth]]. It was the original seat of the [[Kings of Arnor|High King of Arnor]] who ruled over both Arnor and Gondor.
==Geography==
Arnor included most of [[Eriador]], between the [[Lune]] (west of which was [[Lindon]]) and the rivers [[Greyflood]] and [[Loudwater]] (east of which was [[Rivendell]]).<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>

The Dunedain or Arnor dwelt in many places in Eriador, and specifically the courses of the rivers Lune and [[Baranduin]] as well as [[Fornost]]. The capital was at Annúminas. By the later [[Third Age]] there were [[barrows]] and ruins at Cardolan and Rhudaur.<ref name=rings/>
=== Regions ===

* [[Arthedain]], core of the north-kingdom bordering the Lune
* [[Cardolan]], south of the [[Great East Road]], east of the Brandywine
* [[Rhudaur]], between the Weather Hills and the [[Misty Mountains]]

=== Cities, Fortresses and Watchtowers ===

* [[Annúminas]], the old capital on the shore of Lake Evendim
* [[Fornost]], the new capital of the successor state of Arthedain
* [[Bree]], a trading centre located on the Great East Road
* [[Lond Daer]], an old harbour town founded by Númenóreans
* [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], also called Weathertop, a watchtower on the highest of the Weather Hills
* [[Elostirion]], an elven watchtower in the [[Tower Hills]]
* [[Tharbad]], a fortified town and port along the River Greyflood on the southern border of Arnor

=== The ''[[Palantíri]]'' ===

The '''[[Palantíri]]''' or 'seeing stones' were spherical stones that could communicate with each other and give visual impressions to a skilled remote user. These stones were divided originally between [[Elendil]] and his two sons. They were usually heavily guarded and under the control of the kings. There were seven of these stones in total, with three of them assigned to the northern kingdom, with the other four going to Gondor.<ref name=rings/>{{rp|362}} They were:

* The [[Elostirion-stone]], kept in the tower of [[Elostirion]]. This was used to communicate with The Master Stone in [[Tol Eressëa]], the Lonely Isle of the Elves, along the [[Straight Road]]. It could not contact the other Middle-Earth stones.
* The [[Amon Sûl-stone]], kept in the watchtower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]]. A large stone, it was often used to contact its corresponding large stone in Gondor, at the great dome in [[Osgiliath]].
* The [[Annúminas-stone]], kept in Arnor's capital city of [[Annúminas]]. Though one of the lesser stones, it was the stone most often used by the [[Kings of Arnor]].
==History==

=== Early History ===
Before the foundation of Arnor [[Eriador]] was home to [[Middle Men]] of [[Edain]] stock. A sizable [[Númenóreans]] population was formed, a result of the slow emigration that started under [[Tar-Meneldur]] and [[Tar-Aldarion]]. The early colonists soon interbred with the indigenous population of Eriador, favoured over the more southern regions (Gondor) because the [[Elves of Lindon]] under [[Gil-galad]] lived near it across the river [[Lhûn]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>{{rp|360}} Conversely, the [[King's Men]] settled more to the south in the later days. This led to a situation where [[Elendil]] arrived in an area populated by people who were mainly still [[Faithful]] and [[Elf-friends]]; and unlike, [[Gondor]] to the south, in Arnor much knowledge of the [[Elder Days]] was preserved.

[[File:Steven White Jr. - Ann18.jpg|left|220px|thumb|Steven White, Jr. - ''Palace Complex at Annúminas'']]
Elendil and his people reached Eriador sailing into the [[Gulf of Lune]]; they were aided by [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]] and his people, and his ships sailed up the [[Lune]] river. Gil-galad even built the [[Emyn Beraid]] for Elendil.<ref name=rings/> Elendil established the city of [[Annúminas]] as his capital. Arnor was founded at the end of the [[Second Age]] ({{SA|3320}}) by [[Elendil]], whose sons founded [[Gondor]] at the same time. The history of the [[Two Kingdoms|two kingdoms]] is intertwined; both kingdoms are known as the Realms of the [[Dúnedain]] in exile.

=== [[War of the Last Alliance]] ===

[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Isildur 2.jpg|right|220px|thumb|''Isildur'' in Peter Jackson's ''Fellowship of the Ring'']] At the end of the Second Age, Arnor allied itself with Noldorin High King [[Gil-galad]] in a great alliance opposing Sauron, the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In conjunction with southern forces from Gondor, they confronted Sauron's armies in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. This war was fought over a period of several years on the [[Battle of Dagorlad|Dagorlad plain]] and in Mordor itself, at the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. Both [[Elendil]] and his son [[Anárion]] were slain in this conflict, but [[Isildur]] cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger and prevailed. [[Elrond]], Gil-galad's herald, urged Isildur to cast it into Mount Doom and destroy it, but Isildur refused, and the Ring survived. Arnor suffered heavy casualties in the war, and some parts of the land were partially depopulated.<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1018.</ref>

Arnor's second king was [[Isildur]] who was also King of [[Gondor]]). He was killed in {{TA|2}} by [[Orcs]] in the disastrous [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]. His three eldest sons were killed with him, but the fourth and youngest, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], who had remained at [[Rivendell]] due to his youth, became king of Arnor. [[Isildur]] also lost [[the One Ring]] at this time, when it slipped off his finger as he tried to escape pursuing Orcs. Arnor never fully recovered from the devastating loss of manpower it suffered in the war against Sauron.

Because [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] and his heirs did not claim the throne of [[Gondor]] the realms were split, but Arnor's ruler kept the title [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]], whereas in the south the ruler was 'just' King.

=== Decline and Breakup ===

{{Transcribed|Tengwar Arnor.png|Arnor|Tengwar, Sindarin mode}}
Arnor's capital was [[Annúminas]] on [[Lake Evendim]], but by {{TA|861}} [[Fornost Erain]] had taken its place. No longer a site of such importance, Annúminas became depopulated and was slowly abandoned.

 After the death of its tenth king, [[Eärendur (King of Arnor)|Eärendur]], in {{TA|861}}, Arnor was shaken by civil war between his three sons. The eldest, [[Amlaith]], claimed Kingship over all Arnor but was reduced to only ruling the region of Arthedain as his kingdom, while the other sons founded the breakaway kingdoms of [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]].

Arnor was refounded ''de jure'' by [[Arthedain|Arthedain's]] king [[Argeleb I]], when [[Cardolan]] placed itself under the suzerainty of Arthedain. However, even Arthedain was eventually destroyed. The people of Arnor were mostly wiped out by the continuing wars, but the [[Hobbits]] survived in [[the Shire]], Men survived in [[Bree]] and probably other villages, and the [[Dúnedain]] of Arnor created new homes in the [[Angle of Eriador|Angle]] south of [[Rivendell]], where some of them became known as the [[Rangers of the North]].<ref name="lotr1018">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1018.</ref>

=== Conflict with Angmar ===

[[File:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Eliot Gould - ''The Witch King'']] Arnor's greatest enemy in the north by the middle of the Third Age was Angmar, ruled by the [[Witch-king|Witch King of Angmar]]. During the reign of Malvegil (c. {{TA|1300}}), this new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. This land became populated with the Orcs and men of Sauron, and began attacking Rhudaur and Cardolan. This Witch-king was later identified as in fact the chief of Sauron's Ringwraiths.

Years later, Argeleb I of [[Arthedain]], reasserted control over [[Cardolan]], and fortified a line along the [[Weather Hills]]. At this time the line of Isildur had failled in [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], and an evil Hillman had seized control of [[Rhudaur]]. The chieftain swore allegiance to [[Angmar]], and together they attacked the newly fortified Weather Hills, killing Argeleb. His son Arveleg, however, counterattacked in conjunction with Cardolan and drove the enemy back. Arveleg successfully held the frontier along the Weather Hils in force for quite some years.

[[File:BFME2 - Weathertop.jpg|left|220px|thumb|''Weathertop'' from BFME2]] Then in {{TA|1409}}, Angmar crossed the Hoarwell river into Cardolan and attacked again. This time, Weathertop was captured and Arveleg fell in battle. While Amon Sûl fell, the ''palantír'' was recovered and taken to Fornost. With Amon Sûl lost, Angmar had free reign over the all the lands of Cardolan, and the population was forced to hold out in the Barrow Downs. The Dunedain did not have the strength to drive away the forces of Angmar, so the elves of [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], and [[Lorien]] defeated the armies of Angmar.

=== The [[Great Plague]] ===

Another threat appeared to the northern successor kingdoms, this time one that swords and spears could not deter. A [[Great Plague|major plague]] began in the east, in the vicinity of the [[Sea of Rhûn]], northeast of [[Mordor]]. After doing great damage in [[Rhovanion]], it struck [[Osgiliath]] in Gondor in {{TA|1636}}, killing [[Telemnar|King Telemnar]] and his family. In seriously affected areas, the plague killed 50% or more of the populace. This plague, which barely affected western Gondor, spread northwards to [[Cardolan]].

In Cardolan, it struck severely, wiping out the last of Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] at the [[Barrow-downs]]. The Witch-king, exploiting the tragedy, sent evil spirits, the [[Barrow-wights]], to infest the area. The Hobbits of the Shire were damaged by it, but not heavily. The plague lost its strength, however, at this point, so that most of [[Arthedain]] was unaffected.<ref name="lotr1023">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1023.</ref>

=== The Fall of Arthedain ===

In {{TA|1974}}, the final chapter in [[Arthedain|Arthedain's]] history began. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather. The capital of [[Fornost]] fell, and the remaining Arnorian forces were driven over the Lune river into Lindon. King [[Arvedui]] was compelled to flee to [[Forochel]], and ask aid of the Snowmen there. His son, [[Aranarth]], journeyed to [[Círdan]] at the Havens to inform him of Arthedain's fall. Círdan responded by sending a ship north to rescue Arvedui. When the [[Snowmen of Forochel]] saw the ship arrive, they were uncomfortable and nervous about the escape plan.<ref name="lotr1018">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1018.</ref> Their chief replied to Arvedui:
{{quote|Do not mount on this sea-monster! If they have them, let the seamen bring us food and other things that we need, and you may stay here till the Witch-king goes home. For in summer his power wanes; but now his breath is deadly, and his cold arm is long.|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1018}}

It turned out that the Snowmen were right. A storm blew in that night and drove the ice towards the shore, and the ship was crushed and sank, with great loss of life, including King Arvedui. He unfortunately fulfilled [[Malbeth|Malbeth the Seer's]] prophecy about him at his birth that he would be the 'Last king' of Arthedain. So the North-kingdom ended, but the [[Hobbits]] survived in the Shire. They eventually chose a [[Thain]] from among themselves to replace the King, and the first of these was [[Bucca of the Marish]], in {{TA|1979}}.

=== Showdown with Angmar ===

Envoys from Arthedain had journeyed to Gondor to ask assistance from the southern Dúnedain in fighting the Witch-king's forces. Gondor, however, was preoccupied with its own threats from the [[Easterlings]], and so could not respond immediately. Gondor had been in a weakened condition since the death of King Ondoher and his two sons in the [[Battle of the Camp]] fighting the Easterlings in {{TA|1944}}. [[Arvedui]] of Arnor tried to claim the southern throne but this claim was rejected by Gondor. [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], the victorious commander in the above battle and a member of the royal house, claimed the throne, and was confirmed by the Gondorian royal council.<ref name="lotr1023">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1023.</ref>

[[File:Amir Salehi - Servant of Death.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Amir Salehi - ''Servant of Death'']]King Arvedui sent increasingly urgent messages to Gondor about the crisis he faced from Angmar's continuing assaults. [[Eärnil II]] was unable to react quickly due to his need to order Gondor after succeeding to the throne, however. The king sent his son and heir [[Eärnur]] north to the Havens with a powerful fleet. Unfortunately, it was not in time to save [[Arthedain]], and the northern kingdom perished. When Eärnur's naval forces landed in the [[Grey Havens]], they dazzled both Men and Elves with their size and majesty. From these ships debarked the most powerful army seen in the north of Middle-earth in centuries. Círdan's people were quite impressed with the strength of Gondor's army, particularly its [[Gondorian Military Forces#Gondorian Knights and Cavalry Forces|cavalry forces]], dominated by riders from the [[Vales of Anduin]]. [[Círdan]] and Eärnur combined their forces, along with the remnant of Arnor's army, in the greatest joint Elf-Man army since the [[War of the Last Alliance]]; this great [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]] re-crossed the River Lune and marched northward.<ref name="lotr1026">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', p. 1026.</ref> These allies drove relentlessly toward the Arnorian capital of [[Fornost]], where the Witch-king had occupied the palace complex there.

=== Angmar is Vanquished ===

When the Witch-king saw the invading [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host]], he failed to take it for the serious threat that it in fact was. Instead of awaiting the invaders in the fortress city of Fornost, he confidently marched his forces out to meet them in the open. He expected to defeat them as easily as Arvedui's forces the previous year. But there was an appreciable difference this time-- the ground and naval might of Gondor. The allied Host continued to advance, and instead of establishing a merely defensive position, they attacked him from the [[Hills of Evendim]], and a [[Battle of Fornost|large battle]] broke out. The Witch-king's army could not stand before the allies, however, and began to retreat back towards their capital. Any hopes for an orderly withdrawal were in vain, however.

[[Gondorian Military Forces#Gondorian Knights and Cavalry Forces|Gondorian cavalry forces]], attacking from the north, routed the forces of Angmar, and put them to flight signalling an end to what became known as the [[Battle of Fornost]]. The Witch-king, in full flight, forsook his new conquests, and made for Angmar. But the cavalry under [[Eärnur]] continued the pursuit and rode down what remained of his forces. To add to his difficulties, an Elven force under [[Glorfindel]] also attacked from [[Rivendell]], and completed his forces' destruction. At the last, the Witch-king charged Eärnur in frustration, but his horse shied away from the evil wraith. As Eärnur once again mastered his horse, Glorfindel uttered his famous prophecy:
{{quote|Do not pursue him! He will not return to this land. Far off yet is his doom, and not by the hand of man will he fall.|''The Lord of the Rings'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1027.}}
This prophecy would not be fulfilled until a thousand years later, at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].

=== [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]] ===

After the death of King Arvedui, his son, [[Aranarth]], perceived that the northern Dúnedain had become too few to reestablish the realm of [[Arthedain]]. He took his dwindling people and turned them into wanderers who traveled from place to place in [[Eriador]]. Instead of calling himself a king or prince, he assumed the title [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]]. Through them the royal line of Arnor was maintained successfully for a thousand years until the refounding of Arnor in {{FoA|1}}. Aranarth brought his son [[Arahael]] to [[Rivendell]] and gave him to [[Elrond]] for safekeeping until he was grown. This became a tradition that was followed through the rest of the Third Age. Also brought to Elrond were the heirlooms of the House of Elendil: the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]], the [[Ring of Barahir]], the shards of [[Narsil]], and the [[Star of Elendil]].<ref name="lotr1018">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1018.</ref>

So the Dúnedain survived in the shadows, waiting for a better day when the kingdom of Arnor would be reborn. There were sixteen Chieftains in direct descent, with [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]] being the last. There were many perils in Eriador in that time, and many of the Chieftains died premature deaths. One of these was Aragorn II's father, [[Arathorn II]], who was slain by Orcs raiding the area.

=== [[War of the Ring]] ===

The Kingdom of Arnor had been fallen for a thousand years by the time the [[War of the Ring]] broke out, but northern forces did participate in the War. [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was a [[Rangers of the North|Dúnedain Ranger of the North]], and there were several hundred of them operating during the conflict. A company of this group accompanied Aragorn through the [[Paths of the Dead]] and during the attack on [[Umbar]] which captured the Corsair fleet. They participated at the last battle, fighting under his banner, at the [[Battle of the Morannon]], where [[Sauron]] was finally thrown down.

There was conflict in other areas of the North. There were three different invasions of [[Lothlórien]], which were thrown back by the Elven army under [[Celeborn]] and [[Thranduil]]. Finally, Celeborn led an attack resulting in the [[Fall of Dol Guldur|capture of Dol Guldur]] and put an end to Sauron's northern threat.

There was also a battle fought in [[the Shire]], between Saruman's [[Ruffians]] and [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] militia forces. This was the last battle fought in the [[War of the Ring]], and resulted in the death of Saruman and the death or capture of his followers. This became known as the [[Battle of Bywater]], and represents the Hobbit contribution to the War.<ref name="lotr992-996">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[The Scouring of the Shire]], pp. 992-996.</ref>

== Restoration and the [[Reunited Kingdom]] ==

[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Last Steward of Gondor.jpg|left|220px|thumb|Rowena Morrill - ''The Last Steward of Gondor'']]Faramir, son of Denethor II the last Ruling Steward, presented his rod of office to the new king, and received it back from him. [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] then was crowned by [[Gandalf]] as [[Aragorn|King Elessar]], refounded the Kingdom of Arnor as part of the [[Reunited Kingdom]], and made [[Annúminas]] his new capital city.<ref name="lotr1019">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1019.</ref> He was wed to the Elven princess Arwen, who became [[Arwen|Queen Evenstar]] of Arnor and Gondor. After the fall of [[Sauron]] Arnor was safe again for resettlement of Men, and although it remained less populated than [[Gondor]] to the south, in time Arnor became a more densely populated region again, even if it had dwindled in size due to the independence of [[the Shire]]. The area encompassed by the Reunited Kingdom now encompassed the territory of the [[Two Kingdoms]] at their greatest extent. In the North, this included all the land between the [[Lune|River Lune]] and the [[Misty Mountains]], and in the South included all the land between Dunland in the west, to the [[Far Harad]] southwards, to [[Rhûn]] in the east. The reborn kingdom continued on into the Fourth Age, with [[Eldarion]] eventually succeeding his father to the throne of this now empire-sized state.

== Languages ==

Many people in Arnor were of Númenórean stock. However, aside from the Exiles, most had long since mingled with non-Númenórean peoples; the predominant language spoken by them was [[Westron]].<ref>{{App|F}}</ref> At least some of the population, especially the upper classes, were fluent in [[Sindarin]], while [[Quenya]] was studied as a language of lore. Many early place names and the names of the [[House of Isildur|royal house]] were Quenya, but by the 8th century of the [[Third Age]], Quenya had given way to Sindarin.

== Etymology ==

'''''Arnor''''' was the colloquial name for the '''North Kingdom'''. The North Kingdom, as the land was called at its conception, was also known as ''Turmen Follondiéva'' in [[Quenya]] and ''Arthor na Forlonnas'' in [[Sindarin]]. These names quickly fell out of use, in favour of ''Arnor'': the ''Land of the King'', so called for the kingship of [[Elendil]], and to seal its precedence over the [[Gondor|southern realm]]. In full, poetic Sindarin, it was called ''Arannor'', which mirrored its Quenya name, '''''Arandórë'''''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 28</ref> Though technically ''Arandórë'' would have a Sindarin form ''Ardor'', [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] chose ''Arnor'' because it sounded better. This linguistic change was ascribed to a later, Mannish development of Sindarin.<ref name="L347">{{L|347}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 17</ref> The form '''''Arnanórë''''' is also seen.<ref name="L347" />

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2002: {{tttee}}:'''
:Peter Jackson's movies do not mention the long history of how Arnor and Gondor diverged, nor do they mention Arnor by name. The one passing reference to it is in a scene from the Extended Edition, when Aragorn reveals to Éowyn that he is actually eighty-seven years old. She realises that he must be one of the [[Dúnedain]], a descendant of Númenor blessed with long life, but says that she thought his race had passed into legend. Aragorn acknowledges that he is one of the Dúnedain, and explains that there are not many of his people left, because "the Northern kingdom was destroyed long ago".

==See also==
* [[Kings of Arnor]]
* [[Kings of Gondor]]
* [[Gondor]]
* [[War of the Last Alliance]]
* [[War of the Ring]]

{{References}}

[[Category:Arnor| ]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Arnor]]
[[fi:Arnor]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/arnor]]

Prince of Dol Amroth

2018-08-16T00:23:55Z

Dman170:

'''Prince of [[Dol Amroth]]''' was a title used by a noble house of [[Gondor]].
==History==
===Origins===
[[Faithful]] from [[Númenor]] had ruled over the land of [[Belfalas]] - possibly from [[Edhellond]] - since the [[Second Age]]. After the [[Downfall of Númenor]] they had been given the title [[Prince]] by [[Elendil]]<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}, Note 39</ref> and their land, now a fief of [[Gondor]], was called [[Dor-en-Ernil]]. One of those princes, [[Adrahil I|Adrahil]], fought under [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Ondoher]] against the [[Wainriders]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref group=note>Adrahil is mentioned as a "Prince of Dol Amroth" in the narrative, but this is anachronistic as the city was named Dol Amroth much later. Cf. [[Adrahil I#Other versions of the legendarium]]</ref>

When an Elven stronghold was abandoned, those [[Gondorians]] came to occupy it, and named it Dol Amroth after the drowning of the Elven King [[Amroth]]. The first Prince of Dol Amroth was [[Galador]], who, according to legend, was the son of [[Mithrellas]], an Elf maid.<ref name="GalCel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> This supposed elven strain was noticed in [[Imrahil]] many years later by [[Legolas]].<ref>{{RK|V9}}</ref>

=== Princes of Dol Amroth ===
<table class="TGtable" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0 auto;"><tr><th style="background: #F2E6CE;">No.</th><th style="background: #F2E6CE;">Name</th><th style="background: #F2E6CE;">Birth</th><th style="background: #F2E6CE;">Rule</th><th style="background: #F2E6CE;">Death</th></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>'''[[Galador]]'''</td><td>{{TA|2004}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2076|n}} - {{TA|2129|n}} (53 years)</td><td>{{TA|2129|n}} (aged 125)</td></tr>
<tr><td>2</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2060}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2129|n}} - {{TA|2203|n}} (74 years)</td><td>{{TA|2203|n}} (aged 143)</td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2120}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2203|n}} - {{TA|2254|n}} (51 years)</td><td>{{TA|2254|n}} (aged 134)</td></tr>
<tr><td>4</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2172}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2254|n}} - {{TA|2299|n}} (45 years)</td><td>{{TA|2299|n}} (aged 127)</td></tr>
<tr><td>5</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2225}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2299|n}} - {{TA|2348|n}} (49 years)</td><td>{{TA|2348|n}} (aged 123)</td></tr>
<tr><td>6</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2274}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2348|n}} - {{TA|2400|n}} (52 years)</td><td>{{TA|2400|n}} (aged 126)</td></tr>
<tr><td>7</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2324}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2400|n}} - {{TA|2458|n}} (58 years)</td><td>{{TA|2458|n}} (aged 134)</td></tr>
<tr><td>8</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2373}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2458|n}} - {{TA|2498|n}} (40 years)</td><td>{{TA|2498|n}} (aged 125)</td></tr>
<tr><td>9</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2418}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2498|n}} - {{TA|2540|n}} (42 years)</td><td>{{TA|2540|n}} (aged 122)</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2463}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2540|n}} - {{TA|2582|n}} (42 years)</td><td>{{TA|2582|n}} (aged 119)</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2505}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2582|n}} - {{TA|2623|n}} (41 years)</td><td>{{TA|2623|n}} (aged 118)</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2546}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2623|n}} - {{TA|2660|n}} (37 years)</td><td>{{TA|2660|n}} (aged 114)</td></tr>
<tr><td>13</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2588}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2660|n}} - {{TA|2701|n}} (41 years)</td><td>{{TA|2701|n}} (aged 113)</td></tr>
<tr><td>14</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2627}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2701|n}} - {{TA|2733|n}} (22 years)</td><td>{{TA|2733|n}} (aged 106)</td></tr>
<tr><td>15</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2671}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2733|n}} - {{TA|2746|n}}† (13 years)</td><td>{{TA|2746|n}}† (aged 75)</td></tr>
<tr><td>16</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2709}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2746|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}† (53 years)</td><td>{{TA|2799|n}}† (aged 90)</td></tr>
<tr><td>17</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2746}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2799|n}} - {{TA|2859|n}} (60 years)</td><td>{{TA|2859|n}} (aged 113)</td></tr>
<tr><td>18</td><td>''unnamed''</td><td>{{TA|2785}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2859|n}} - {{TA|2899|n}} (40 years)</td><td>{{TA|2899|n}} (aged 114)</td></tr>
<tr><td>19</td><td>'''[[Aglahad]]'''</td><td>{{TA|2827}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2899|n}} - {{TA|2932|n}} (33 years)</td><td>{{TA|2932|n}} (aged 105)</td></tr>
<tr><td>20</td><td>'''[[Angelimir]]'''</td><td>{{TA|2866}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2932|n}} - {{TA|2977|n}} (45 years)</td><td>{{TA|2977|n}} (aged 111)</td></tr>
<tr><td>21</td><td>'''[[Adrahil II]]'''</td><td>{{TA|2917}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|2977|n}} - {{TA|3010|n}} (33 years)</td><td>{{TA|3010|n}} (aged 93)</td></tr>
<tr><td>22</td><td>'''[[Imrahil]]'''</td><td>{{TA|2955}}</td><td align="center">{{TA|3010}} - {{FoA|34}} (45 years)</td><td>{{FoA|34|n}} (aged 110)</td></tr>
<tr><td>23</td><td>'''[[Elphir]]'''</td><td>{{TA|2987}}</td><td align="center">{{FoA|34}} - {{FoA|67|n}} (33 years)</td><td>{{FoA|67|n}} (aged 101)</td></tr>
<tr><td>24</td><td>'''[[Alphros]]'''</td><td>{{TA|3017}}</td><td align="center">{{FoA|67}} - {{FoA|95|n}} (28 years)</td><td>{{FoA|95|n}} (aged 99)</td></tr>
</table>

==See Also==
See the [[House of Dol Amroth]] for the family tree of the princes.
{{references|note}}
[[Category: Titles]]
[[de:Fürsten von Dol Amroth]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/princes_de_dol_amroth]]
[[fi:Dol Amrothin suuriruhtinaat]]

Galador

2018-08-16T00:09:54Z

Dman170:

{{half-elf infobox| name=Galador| image=| caption=| pronun=| othernames=| titles=[[Princes of Dol Amroth|Prince of Dol Amroth]]| position=| location=[[Dol Amroth]]| affiliation=| language=| birth={{TA|2004}}<ref name="PM">{{PM|Elendil}}, ''The Line of Dol Amroth'', pp. 220-2</ref>| birthlocation=| rule={{TA|2076|}}<ref name="Dol">{{PM|Elendil}}, The Line of Dol Amroth, p. 222</ref> - {{TA|2129|}} (53 years)| death={{TA|2129}}<ref name="PM"/>| deathlocation=| age=125| notablefor=Founding the line of the [[Princes of Dol Amroth]]| house=[[House of Dol Amroth]]| heritage=[[Men|Mannish]] father, [[Elves|Elven]] mother| parentage=[[Imrazôr]] and [[Mithrellas]]| siblings=[[Gilmith]]| spouse=| children=| gender=Male| height=| hair=| eyes=| clothing=| weapons=| steed=}}'''Galador''' was the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].

==History==
According to legend, Galador was the son of [[Imrazôr]] [[the Númenórean]] and the Elf-maid [[Mithrellas]].<ref name="PM"/> Following the drowning of [[Amroth]], the seat of the Princes of Belfalas was renamed in his honor. Galador became the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]], his ancestors having held the title "[[Prince]]" since the time of [[Elendil]] and ruling [[Belfalas]] at least as long.<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}, note 39</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | IMR |y| MIT |IMR=[[Imrazôr]] ''{{TA|1950|n}} - {{TA|2076|n}}''|MIT=[[Mithrellas]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | GAL | | GIL |GAL='''GALADOR''' ''{{TA|2004|n}} - {{TA|2129|n}}''|GIL=[[Gilmith]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | DOL | | | | |DOL=[[Princes of Dol Amroth|''Princes of Dol Amroth'']]}}
{{familytree | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | AGL | | | | |AGL=[[Aglahad]] ''{{TA|2827|n}} - {{TA|2932|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Dol Amroth]]
| born={{TA|2004}}
| died={{TA|2129}}
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=New title
| list=1st [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]
| dates={{TA|2076|}}– {{TA|2129}}
| nvac=Unknown
| next=eventually [[Aglahad]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Princes of Dol Amroth]]
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Galador]]
[[fi:Galador]]

Galador

2018-08-16T00:02:15Z

Dman170:

{{half-elf infobox| name=Galador| image=| caption=| pronun=| othernames=| titles=[[Princes of Dol Amroth|Prince of Dol Amroth]]| position=| location=[[Dol Amroth]]| affiliation=| language=| birth={{TA|2004}}<ref name="PM">{{PM|Elendil}}, ''The Line of Dol Amroth'', pp. 220-2</ref>| birthlocation=| rule=''Unknown'' - {{TA|2129|}}| death={{TA|2129}}<ref name="PM"/>| deathlocation=| age=125| notablefor=Founding the line of the [[Princes of Dol Amroth]]| house=[[House of Dol Amroth]]| heritage=[[Men|Mannish]] father, [[Elves|Elven]] mother| parentage=[[Imrazôr]] and [[Mithrellas]]| siblings=[[Gilmith]]| spouse=| children=| gender=Male| height=| hair=| eyes=| clothing=| weapons=| steed=}}'''Galador''' was the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]].

==History==
According to legend, Galador was the son of [[Imrazôr]] [[the Númenórean]] and the Elf-maid [[Mithrellas]].<ref name="PM"/> Following the drowning of [[Amroth]], the seat of the Princes of Belfalas was renamed in his honor. Galador became the first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]], his ancestors having held the title "[[Prince]]" since the time of [[Elendil]] and ruling [[Belfalas]] at least as long.<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}, note 39</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | IMR |y| MIT |IMR=[[Imrazôr]] ''{{TA|1950|n}} - {{TA|2076|n}}''|MIT=[[Mithrellas]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | GAL | | GIL |GAL='''GALADOR''' ''{{TA|2004|n}} - {{TA|2129|n}}''|GIL=[[Gilmith]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | DOL | | | | |DOL=[[Princes of Dol Amroth|''Princes of Dol Amroth'']]}}
{{familytree | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | AGL | | | | |AGL=[[Aglahad]] ''{{TA|2827|n}} - {{TA|2932|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Dol Amroth]]
| born={{TA|2004}}
| died={{TA|2129}}
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=New title
| list=1st [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]
| dates=Unknown – {{TA|2129}}
| nvac=Unknown
| next=eventually [[Aglahad]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Princes of Dol Amroth]]
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Galador]]
[[fi:Galador]]

Belfalas

2018-08-15T21:57:53Z

Dman170:

{{location infobox
| name=Belfalas
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Southern [[Gondor]], west of [[Lebennin]] and north of [[Tolfalas]]
| type=Region
| description=
| regions=
| towns=[[Edhellond]], [[Dol Amroth]], [[Linhir]]
| inhabitants=[[Númenóreans]]<ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> [[Gondorians]] [[Sindar]] [[Nandor]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Belfalas''' was a region of southern [[Gondor]], encompassing the coast from the mouth of the [[Anduin]] to [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=VT/>
==History==
Belfalas formed a part of [[Dor-en-Ernil]], or the "Prince's land". The Prince in question here was the Lord of [[Dol Amroth]], who lived at the city bearing his name.

At the start of the second millennium of the [[Third Age]], a certain [[Imrazôr]] the [[Númenor|Númenórean]] lived in and ruled over the Belfalas. He married [[Mithrellas]], a [[Silvan Elves|Silvan Elf]] of [[Lothlórien|Lórien]], and their son [[Galador]] became the first Prince of [[Dol Amroth]].

The Belfalas was also home to an old Elf haven named [[Edhellond]]. Its chief city was the Prince's residence of [[Dol Amroth]].

South of the Belfalas lay a great Bay, which was named after it the [[Bay of Belfalas]].

During the [[War of the Ring]], the Belfalas was raided by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], and therefore did not send any men to help defend [[Minas Tirith]], until [[Aragorn]] liberated the coast with the [[Grey Company]], freeing [[Gondor]]'s southern armies to follow him north to relieve [[Minas Tirith]].
==Etymology==
The name ''Belfalas'' consists of ''[[bel]]'' (a [[Pre-Númenórean]] element of unknown meaning) + [[Sindarin]] ''[[falas]]'' ("shore").<ref name=VT>{{VT|42a}}, p. 15</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Havens of Belfalas were an area in the region of Western [[Gondor]]. They were located south of the [[Blackroot Vale]] via "Tarlang's Crown" and south-west of [[Lamedon]]. The "Emyn Ernil" lay to the east, dividing Belfalas from [[Dor-en-Ernil]]. During March of {{TA|3019}}, the two bridges to the Emyn Ernil were destroyed, preventing direct travel between the two areas through the hills. The capital was [[Dol Amroth]] and other settlements included "Tadrent" and "Ost Lontir". There were two [[Warning beacons of Gondor|beacons]] in Belfalas, on the north edges of the Emyn Ernil: "Amon Lontir" and "Nendath". The small island "Tol Aduial" was in the bay north of Dol Amroth and the larger island "Tol Fennas" was west of Dol Amroth. A reclusive group of [[Elves]], the "Avorrim", kept watch upon the abandoned haven of [[Edhellond]] in secret.

{{references}}
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[de:Belfalas]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:gondor:belfalas]]
[[fi:Belfalas]]

Edhellond

2018-08-15T04:00:40Z

Dman170:

{{disambig-more|Amroth|[[Amroth (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location infobox
| name=Edhellond
| image=[[File:John Howe - Edhellond.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Edhellond" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Amroth's Haven<ref>{{RK|V9}}</ref>
| location=Southern [[Gondor]], confluence of the [[Ringló]] and [[Morthond]] rivers
| type=Harbour
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Sindar]] [[Nandor]]
| created=Late [[First Age]]
| destroyed=
| events=Loss of [[Amroth]]
}}
'''Edhellond''' was an ancient harbour in southern [[Gondor]]. It had been established south-west of where the [[Ringló]] entered the [[Morthond]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> near where the combined waters flowed into [[Cobas Haven]].<ref>{{WR|3|XIV}}, West, p. 434</ref>

==History==
Edhellond was founded by [[Sindar]] before the end of the [[First Age]], who had come there as refugees from [[Beleriand]] during [[Morgoth]]'s ascendancy. At first the population of the haven was quite small since the refugees had come in just three small ships, but over time their numbers had been increased by [[Nandor]] who came down the [[Anduin]].<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, p. 247</ref>

From Edhellond Elves began sailing westward from the time of the fall of [[Eregion]] (in {{SA|1697}}<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>).<ref name="Preface">{{ATB|Preface}}</ref>

[[Amroth]], Prince of Lórien, was lost at sea near Edhellond in {{TA|1981|n}} when he attempted to swim to shore to seek his beloved [[Nimrodel the Elf-maid|Nimrodel]]. The ship from which he jumped overboard was the last ship of [[Elves]] to leave from Edhellond, which was deserted from then on,<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, pp. 241-242</ref> although remembered in the traditions of Men in Gondor.<ref name="Preface"/>

== Etymology ==
Edhellond means "Elf Haven" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[edhel]]'' = "Elf"<ref>{{S|Appendix}} ''edhel''</ref> and ''[[lond]]'' = "harbour, haven"<ref>{{S|Appendix}} ''londë''</ref>).

{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Harbours]]
[[de:Edhellond]]
[[fi:Edhellond]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:gondor:edhellond]]

Dol Amroth

2018-08-15T03:54:24Z

Dman170:

{{disambig-more|Amroth|[[Amroth (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location infobox
| name=Dol Amroth
| image=[[File:Jan Pospisil - Dol Amroth.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Dol Amroth" by Jan Pospíšil
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=[[Belfalas]]
| type=City
| description=Seat of the [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Númenóreans]]<ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> [[Gondorians]]
| created=Between {{TA|2004}} and {{TA|2129}}<ref group=note>The first [[Prince of Dol Amroth]] was [[Galador]], who lived between {{TA|2004}} and {{TA|2129}}. His father [[Imrazor]] is stated to have lived in [[Belfalas]], so Galador seems to have been the founder of Dol Amroth, as well as its first Prince, which must place its beginnings during his lifetime.</ref>
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Dol Amroth''' was a promontory situated on a peninsula in [[Gondor]] facing the [[Bay of Belfalas]].

The emblem of the Prince of Dol Amroth was a silver-upon-blue banner, bearing a ship with a swan-prow upon the sea.<ref>{{RK|VI4}}</ref>
==Description==
Its northern shore defined part of [[Cobas Haven]], the small bay into which the [[Morthond]] River flowed.<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> Upon the headland the [[Princes of Dol Amroth]] established a castle and thus Dol Amroth referred to this stronghold and to the neighboring port-city, the chief city of the fief of [[Belfalas]].<ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> Within the walls of the city was the [[Sea-ward Tower]] or Tirith Aear, <ref>{{ATB|Preface}}</ref> which had a bell that was rung for the benefit of mariners.<ref>{{ATB|6}}</ref>

==History==
[[Elves|Elven]] refugees from [[Beleriand]]<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, p. 247</ref> settled the area and established an Elven settlement about 50 miles north of the promontory, at [[Edhellond]]<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, note 18, p. 255</ref>

During the [[Second Age]], a [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] family of the [[Faithful]] settled near the Elves and colonised the area around [[Dol Amroth]]. [[Elendil]] who was of their kin, gave them title to rule the fief of [[Belfalas]].

According to one story, [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]] dwelt among the Elves of Belfalas.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}, p. 240</ref> When the Elvish king [[Amroth]] was lost at sea in {{TA|1981}} the last of these Elves left the realm<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> which from then on became a realm of [[Men]].

It was from the name of this king that Dol Amroth (the "Hill of Amroth") took its name. The first Prince of Dol Amroth was [[Galador]], the son of [[Imrazôr]]. According to legend, Imrazôr had married the Elven-lady [[Mithrellas]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}, Note 39, p. 316</ref>

Being a coastal city, Dol Amroth was subject to occasional attacks by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]]. The fifteenth prince was slain in battle against these sea raiders in {{TA|2746}}.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, ''The House of Dol Amroth'', p. 222</ref>

In all there were twenty-one Princes of Dol Amroth before the twenty-second, [[Imrahil]], led a company of knights and a contingent of 700 men from the city to [[Minas Tirith]] during the [[War of the Ring]].<ref name="Minas Tirith"/>

==Population==
The first settlers of the area were [[Sindar]] from Beleriand until [[Faithful]] from [[Númenor]] came to the promonitory. The last Elves left in TA 1981.

The Faithful and later the [[Gondorians]] that settled in Dol Amroth never intermarried with [[Middle Men]] so as a result, the citizens were of pure Númenórean blood<ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> and, according to the legend of Mithrellas, their Princes had an Elvish strain.

The people of Dol Amroth were tall, grey-eyed, and dark-haired.<ref name="Minas Tirith"/> They were famous as the most skillful harp players in all of Gondor, who played at the coronation of [[Aragorn]].<ref>{{RK|VI5}}</ref> The inhabitants of Dol Amroth and in the lands nearby were some of the few people of Gondor who spoke [[Sindarin]] on a daily basis.<ref>{{App|Men}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Dol Amroth'' is [[Sindarin]] from ''[[dol]]'' "hill" and ''[[Amroth]]'' "Upclimber".

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Dol Amroth was the largest city in the region of Western [[Gondor]]. It was ruled by [[Lothíriel]] in her father's absence. Parts of the city included the Harpers' Court, the Court of the Prince, the Scholars' Quarter, the Masons' Court, the Library of Saphadzîr, the Court of the Fount, the Artisans' Quarter, the Keep of the Swan-Knights, Inzilbel's Walk, the Wharf, and the Warehouses. There were two gates to the city, one in the east leading to the waterfront and one in the west leading up to the city proper. The city was threatened by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], who blockaded the port and briefly managed to capture the city.

{{notes}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Hills]]
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Dol Amroth]]
[[fi:Dol Amroth]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:gondor:dol_amroth]]

Belfalas

2018-08-15T03:12:04Z

Dman170:

{{location infobox
| name=Belfalas
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Southern [[Gondor]], west of [[Lebennin]] and north of [[Tolfalas]]
| type=Region
| description=
| regions=
| towns=[[Edhellond]], [[Dol Amroth]]
| inhabitants=[[Númenóreans]] [[Gondorians]] [[Sindar]] [[Nandor]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Belfalas''' was a region of southern [[Gondor]], encompassing the coast from the mouth of the [[Anduin]] to [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=VT/>
==History==
Belfalas formed a part of [[Dor-en-Ernil]], or the "Prince's land". The Prince in question here was the Lord of [[Dol Amroth]], who lived at the city bearing his name.

At the start of the second millennium of the [[Third Age]], a certain [[Imrazôr]] the [[Númenor|Númenórean]] lived in and ruled over the Belfalas. He married [[Mithrellas]], a [[Silvan Elves|Silvan Elf]] of [[Lothlórien|Lórien]], and their son [[Galador]] became the first Prince of [[Dol Amroth]].

The Belfalas was also home to an old Elf haven named [[Edhellond]]. Its chief city was the Prince's residence of [[Dol Amroth]].

South of the Belfalas lay a great Bay, which was named after it the [[Bay of Belfalas]].

During the [[War of the Ring]], the Belfalas was raided by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], and therefore did not send any men to help defend [[Minas Tirith]], until [[Aragorn]] liberated the coast with the [[Grey Company]], freeing [[Gondor]]'s southern armies to follow him north to relieve [[Minas Tirith]].
==Etymology==
The name ''Belfalas'' consists of ''[[bel]]'' (a [[Pre-Númenórean]] element of unknown meaning) + [[Sindarin]] ''[[falas]]'' ("shore").<ref name=VT>{{VT|42a}}, p. 15</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Havens of Belfalas were an area in the region of Western [[Gondor]]. They were located south of the [[Blackroot Vale]] via "Tarlang's Crown" and south-west of [[Lamedon]]. The "Emyn Ernil" lay to the east, dividing Belfalas from [[Dor-en-Ernil]]. During March of {{TA|3019}}, the two bridges to the Emyn Ernil were destroyed, preventing direct travel between the two areas through the hills. The capital was [[Dol Amroth]] and other settlements included "Tadrent" and "Ost Lontir". There were two [[Warning beacons of Gondor|beacons]] in Belfalas, on the north edges of the Emyn Ernil: "Amon Lontir" and "Nendath". The small island "Tol Aduial" was in the bay north of Dol Amroth and the larger island "Tol Fennas" was west of Dol Amroth. A reclusive group of [[Elves]], the "Avorrim", kept watch upon the abandoned haven of [[Edhellond]] in secret.

{{references}}
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[de:Belfalas]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:gondor:belfalas]]
[[fi:Belfalas]]

Grey Havens

2018-08-15T02:41:29Z

Dman170:

{{location infobox
| name=Grey Havens
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - At the Grey Havens.jpg|250px]]
| caption="At the Grey Havens" by [[Jef Murray]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Mithlond
| location=Western [[Eriador]] on the [[Gulf of Lune]]
| type=Port
| description=An important coastal port, at the mouth of the Lhûn river
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Elves of Lindon]]
| created={{SA|1}}<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref>
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Mithlond.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
The '''Grey Havens''', also known as '''Mithlond''', was a seaport on the [[Gulf of Lune]] at the mouth of the River [[Lhûn]] in western [[Eriador]].<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref>

== History ==
Founded by the [[Elves of Lindon]] in {{SA|1}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> the Grey Havens were afterwards used by any of the Elves (whether [[Noldor]], [[Sindar]], or [[Silvan Elves|Silvan Elf]]) to leave Middle-earth for [[Valinor]]. [[Círdan]] was Lord of the Havens, but throughout the Second Age [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]], ruled all of [[Lindon]] from the Grey Havens.<ref name="SA"/>

In {{SA|600}}, ''[[Entulessë]]'', a [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ship headed by [[Captain of the King's Ships|Captain]] [[Vëantur]], arrived in Mithlond. It was the first time the Númenóreans landed in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="B1">{{App|B1}}, entry "600"</ref><ref name="Island">{{UT|Island}}</ref>

About {{TA|1000}} the [[Istari]] or Wizards arrived in [[Middle-earth]] at the Grey Havens. Círdan, upon meeting [[Gandalf]], gave him [[Narya]], the Elven Ring of Fire.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

In {{TA|1975}}, Prince [[Eärnur]] of [[Gondor]] brought a Gondorian fleet to the Grey Havens to aid [[Arthedain]] [[Angmar War|against]] [[Angmar]]. The fleet was so massive that the ships of Gondor filled the Grey Havens, as well as [[Forlond]] and [[Harlond]].<ref name="AppA">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

In {{TA|3018}},<ref name="TA"/> Círdan sent [[Galdor of the Havens]] "on an errand" to [[Rivendell]] and he became Círdan's representative at the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

Following the defeat of [[Sauron]] and the crowning of King [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]] in the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gandalf]], [[Elrond]], and [[Galadriel]] left [[Middle-earth]] for [[Valinor]] from the Grey Havens. The [[Last Riding of the Keepers]] was accompanied by [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Frodo Baggins]], who were given the honor of taking the [[Straight Road]] because they had both been a [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]].<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> Years later [[Fairbairn Family|Fairbairn]] family tradition held that [[Samwise Gamgee]] in {{FoA|61}} also sailed [[Aman|West]] from the Grey Havens because he too had been a Ring-bearer, even if just briefly.<ref>{{App|Later}}</ref>.

It is unclear how long the Grey Havens lasted into the [[Fourth Age]], as the number of Elves dwindled with the coming of the "Age of Men". Supposedly Círdan remained at the Havens until the last ship left from Middle-earth for the [[Aman|Blessed Realm]].

== Etymology ==
''Mithlond'' translates as "Grey Havens" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[mith]]'' "grey" and ''[[lond]]'' "harbour").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 28</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Grey Havens|Images of Grey Havens]]

== External Links ==
* [http://www.lotrlibrary.com/agesofarda/beyondgreyhavens.asp Beyond the Grey Havens], an essay on the end of ''[[The Return of the King]]''

{{references}}
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[Category:Harbours]]
[[Category:Lindon]]
[[de:Graue Anfurten]]
[[fi:Harmaat Satamat]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/lindon/havres_gris]]

Weather Hills

2018-08-15T02:34:41Z

Dman170:

{{location infobox
| name=Weather Hills
| image=[[File:David Monette - Weathertop.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Weathertop" by David Monette
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Central [[Eriador]], north-east of [[Bree]]
| type=Hills
| description=A hilly, defensive region
| regions=
| towns=[[Weathertop]]
| inhabitants=[[Arnorians]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[Angmar War]]
}}
'''Weather Hills''' was the name among Men for the north-south range of hills that lay in central [[Eriador]], and in ancient times marked part of the border between the lands of [[Arthedain]] and [[Rhudaur]]. Weathertop, or [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], lay at the southern end of the range. When [[Angmar]] was formed and Rhudaur became hostile to Arthedain, [[Argeleb I]] fortified the range but was later slain there by men of [[Rhudaur]]. Marks of this fortification still existed in the path [[Aragorn]] led the hobbits on to reach [[Weathertop]].

==Inspiration==
* Possibly the Lickey Hills, Worcestershire, England.
{{quote|The boys [Ronald and Hilary] had the freedom of these grounds [Rednal, Worcestershire], and further afield they could roam the steep paths that led through the trees to the high Lickey Hill[s?]|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: The Weather Hills, called ''Emyn Sûl'' ("Hills of the Wind") in Sindarin, run some ninety miles north-west to south-east. Local inhabitants work a few small mines or keep grazing sheep.<ref>{{ICE|2023}}, pp. 23, 49</ref>

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The Weather Hills form the boundary of [[Bree-land]] with the [[Lone-lands]]. A small river originated in the dell of Bleakrift a short distance north-west of [[Weathertop]] and flowed south-west into the [[Midgewater Marshes]]. The Midgewater Pass crossed this river, allowing passage into the hills north of the [[Great East Road]]. During the [[War of the Ring]], the hills were infested with [[orcs]], goblins, [[half-orcs]] and [[wargs]] both from [[Angmar]] and from [[Isengard]]. The [[Rangers of the North|Ranger]] Candaith watched over the hills before travelling south as part of the [[Grey Company]].
{{references}}
[[Category:Arnor]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Hills]]

Círdan

2018-08-15T02:00:19Z

Dman170:

{{teleri infobox
| name=Círdan
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Cirdan" by [[Jef Murray]]
| pronun=
| othernames='''Nowë''' ([[Quenya|Q]])'''Ciryatan''' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| titles=Lord of the Havens, Master of the Grey Havens, The Shipwright
| position=
| location=[[Falas]] [[Isle of Balar|Balar]] [[Lindon]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth=Between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1149|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Middle-earth]]
| rule=
| sailedwest=[[Fourth Age]]
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=Unknown (kinsman of [[Thingol]] and [[Olwë]])<ref>{{PM|XIII}}, ''Círdan''</ref>
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Very tall<ref name="Havens" />
| hair=Silver, bearded in old age<ref name="Havens" />
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|As they came to the gates Círdan the Shipwright came forth to greet them. Very tall he was, and his beard was long, and he was grey and old, save that his eyes were keen as stars; and he looked at them and bowed, and said 'All is now ready.'|[[The Lord of the Rings]], ''[[The Grey Havens]]''}}
'''Círdan''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈkiːrdan]}}) was a [[Teleri|Telerin Elf]], and Lord of the [[Falathrim]] during the First Age. He was one of the wisest and most foresighted of the [[Elves]], and by the [[Second Age]] the oldest known [[Elves|elf]] in [[Middle-earth]], to remain so throughout that age and the [[Third Age]]. He was also awarded [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings]], until he surrendered it to [[Gandalf]]. He was one of the last elves in Middle-earth, sailing West at last probably sometime in the [[Fourth Age]].

The [[Quenya]] form of Círdan's name is '''[[Ciryatan]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈkirʲatan]}}).

==History==
===Early History===

Círdan, born '''[[Nowë]]'''<ref name="LastWritingsN">{{PM|Last}}, "Círdan", note 30</ref> ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnowe]}}), was kin of both [[Elwë]] and [[Olwë]], a lord in the host of the former. During the push westward, seeking to go to [[Valinor]], Nowë and his followers kept going where most of his kin fell away throughout the journey. Despite Nowë's great eagerness to see the [[light of Valinor]] (his "greatest desire"),<ref name="LastWritings">{{PM|Last}}, "Círdan"</ref> he loyally searched for Elwë upon his disappearance. Because of this the [[Teleri]] missed the first trip on [[Tol Eressëa]] to [[Valinor]], on which went their kin, the [[Noldor]] and the [[Vanyar]]. They took for their king [[Olwë]], and while waiting for [[Ulmo]] to return for them, Nowë headed the art of making and sailing ships, growing impatient. From this profession he took the name '''Círdan''' which means "shipwright" in [[Sindarin]]. The Teleri also developed a great friendship with [[Ossë]]. At the same time, although most of the Teleri had given up, Círdan sought Elwë longer and harder than most of his kin, partly because of his love for him and his allegiance.

Because of this, Círdan came to the shores too late during the second embarking of Eressëa. He came to the sands to find them departed, and as he stood forlorn he saw far-off a glimmer of light upon Eressëa as it vanished into the West over [[Belegaer]]. Then he cried aloud:
{{quote|I will follow that light, alone if none will come with me, for the ship that I have been building is now almost ready.|Círdan, ''[[Last Writings]]''}}
But into his heart came a message from the [[Valar]] which warned him that his ship could not endure the voyage, nor would any ship for many years, until the time when his work be of utmost worth, remembered in song. Círdan answered in obeyance, and saw a vision of [[Vingilot|a ship]].

===Foundation and Return of the Noldor===
Círdan therefore remained with those Teleri who had chosen to stay east of the Sea for love of Ossë, and became their lord. The folk became known as the [[Falathrim]], "''people of the foaming shore''", and dwelt in the [[Falas]] by the sea. There they built many ships, and the cities [[Eglarest]] and [[Brithombar]], and found pearls which they sent to their overlord, King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]], who was once Elwë.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref>

When [[Morgoth|Belegurth]] broke forth in the [[First Battle of Beleriand]] in {{YT|1497}}, Círdan was cut off and unable to come to Thingol’s aid. Further, although Thingol conquered with the help of the [[Laiquendi]], the Falathrim were driven to the very edge of the sea, where they were besieged for some months, until the [[Return of the Noldor]], when [[Fëanor]] struck [[Morgoth]] from the north. The siege of the Falas was abandoned as the [[Orcs]] were ordered northward to help their master, where they were all destroyed by [[Celegorm]]. The Falas were saved.

Círdan attended the [[Mereth Aderthad]] with many of his people, where he swore oaths of friendship with the Noldor, and quite possibly met and befriended his later neighbors and friends [[Turgon]] and [[Finrod]]. Although Turgon eventually moved from [[Vinyamar]] to faraway [[Gondolin]], Círdan’s friendship with Finrod was lasting,<ref name="Belerian">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> and Círdan became a close advisor to the Noldo. Círdan was, after all, a relative of his, being related (probably quite closely) to Olwë, Finrod’s grandfather.

===Early First Age===

When the tales began spreading (sown by [[Belegurth]]) of the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]], Círdan, being very wise even at that time, was greatly troubled, feeling that these rumors sprouted from great malice. Knowing the jealousy and dissention among the Noldor, he guessed that the malice was that of the kinslayers. Therefore he dutifully sent messages to his overlord Thingol, telling him all that he had heard. This resulted in the banishment of [[Quenya]], and greater strife between the Sindar and the Noldor.

Círdan may have assisted in the [[Dagor Aglareb]], but this is unknown. Nevertheless he did not take part in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], as he was far away and not directly attacked, if even he had time to come to the aid of his allies. Nevertheless Círdan made up for his lack of participation in the [[Second Assault on Hithlum]], coming to the timely aid of [[Fingon]] when he was most needed. They sailed up the [[Firth of Drengist]], then struck the unsuspecting [[orcs]] from the west, giving victory to the elves.<ref name="Fingolfin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref>

After the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], many fugitives came for shelter in the Falas. The Falathrim mariners harassed the orcs in guerilla attacks from the sea. But it was only a matter of time before [[Morgoth]] attacked. Then came the disastrous [[Fall of the Falas]]. Though both [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] were strong, with mighty walls, both fell one at a time due to the impressive array of siege-masters Morgoth had in his train. The elves fought valiantly, but the walls were broken and most of the Falathrim killed or enslaved. [[Barad Nimras]] was cast down, and the Falas laid to waste. But Círdan and some of his followers escaped by sea, and he took with him [[Gil-galad]], one of the last of the princes of the Noldor. They came to the [[Isle of Balar]] and founded a new kingdom, but kept a foothold at the [[Mouths of Sirion]], keeping ships hidden in the reeds there, making a refuge for all who fled there.<ref name="Fifth">{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

===Lord of Balar===

Turgon, receiving the dreadful news, requested that Círdan send mariners to seek [[Valinor]] and the aid of the [[Valar]]. Círdan built seven swift ships, and sent them westward. None returned, save for only one mariner of the [[Gondolindrim]]. The way to the West was closed.<ref name="Fifth"/>{{Pronounce|Cirdan.mp3|Ardamir}}

Eventually Círdan served as messenger, when [[Ulmo]] delivered him a message for [[Orodreth]], warning of the doom of [[Nargothrond]], and ordering him to shut his gates and cast down the bridge. The warning went unheeded, resulting of the [[Fall of Nargothrond]].

After news came to Balar of the [[Fall of Gondolin]], [[Gil-galad]] was proclaimed [[High King of the Noldor]]. Círdan soon after became a fast friend of the young half-elf [[Eärendil]] son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], who had grown up essentially under his shadow, and was apprenticed to him. Círdan aided Eärendil in building the ship [[Vingilot]], giving him advice and help. Círdan doubtless remembered his vision, and this ship was indeed a fulfillment of it.<ref name="LastWritings"/>

Círdan and Gil-galad came with their armies from the Isle of Balar too late to prevent the disastrous [[Third Kinslaying]], when the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]] were ambushed and many fell. But Eärendil was not there, rather on a voyage, and the [[Silmaril]] of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] had been spirited away by [[Elwing]] his wife. Thus, wielding the Silmaril, Eärendil came to [[Valinor]] and found the forgiveness of the [[Valar]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref> From that time on, Círdan was given foresight surpassing that of any of the elves,<ref name="LastWritings"/> perhaps some special grace of the Valar for his deeds in this world-changing episode (like the return of [[Glorfindel]], who also contributed significantly). After the [[War of Wrath]], Círdan, heeding the bidding of the Valar long ago, once more obediently abstained from finding his heart’s desire and going West, but with a small following remained in [[Middle-earth]].

===Second Age===

The continents were shifted, but Círdan still took up his abode by the sea, in [[Harlindon]] with [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]].<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> Harlindon was located south of the [[Gulf of Lune]], to the north of which was [[Forlindon]], where [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] dwelt. There he welcomed the friendly and then-unfallen [[Númenóreans]], making friends with [[Vëantur]], chief of the mariners of [[Tar-Elendil]], and later teaching [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] his grandson of ships (both management and construction) and seaside architecture,<ref name="Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> doubtless being the foremost authority on both. At some point he moved to [[Mithlond]].

Círdan advised against the creation of the [[Rings of Power]] when [[Sauron|Annatar]] came, but, like Galadriel, his counsel went unheeded in the midst of the joy and enthusiasm of the [[Eregion]]-elves, and especially [[Celebrimbor]]. Nevertheless, when the [[Three Rings]] escaped the [[Sack of Eregion]], Celebrimbor had appointed him to inherit one of them. He received [[Narya]], the Ring of Fire.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> [[Sauron]], having revealed himself in the destruction of Eregion and empowered by [[the One Ring]] he had forged, [[sack of Eregion|invaded]] [[Eriador]] in the same blow. Nevertheless, though he killed many elves, he dared not attempt to take Mithlond or Lindon, feeling they were too strong and because they had the help of the Númenóreans. Indeed, they were his bane in that chapter of history, for the Númenóreans came and pushed him back beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], ending the [[Dark Years]].<ref name="Rings"/>

Eventually there came the [[Akallabêth|Fall of Númenor]], when the great man-isle of Númenor was overturned and [[Aman]] removed from the circles of the world. But [[Elendil]] escaped with his sons to [[Middle-earth]] and founded the [[Reunited Kingdom|Two Kingdoms]] over a vast space of land, on both sides of the Misty Mountains.<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> This new kingdom of men profoundly impacted the lives of the elves of Lindon, as is seen in the [[War of the Last Alliance]].

Círdan joined the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|alliance]], and fought steadily beside his friends and comrades. Many fell there, including [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]. Yet again Círdan outlived those around him, and survived the battle. With Elrond he urged [[Isildur]], Elendil’s first-born, to throw the captured One Ring into [[Orodruin]], where it would be unmade.<ref name="Rings"/><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> But Isildur refused.

===Third Age===
The early years of the [[Third Age]] were, for Círdan and the elves, mostly a time to catch their breaths after the fall of Sauron in the War of the Alliance. For more than a thousand years they went undisturbed,<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> but at around {{TA|1050}} a shadow began to lengthen. Though many deemed that Sauron was defeated forever, for the first time in many centuries some evil was stirring, and awake. It was at this time the [[Istari]], sent by the [[Valar]], came. Though the [[Blue Wizards]] and [[Glorfindel]] may have come earlier during the [[Second Age]], and Círdan most probably greeted them in [[Mithlond]], it is known for sure that he met [[Gandalf]] there. Círdan was one of the few of the [[Wise]] left; of the other ancient elves, only Celeborn, Galadriel, Glorfindel (who was resurrected), and Elrond remained. He was the most foresighted of all of them, and alone knew the true purpose of the Istari. He also saw deep into the future of Gandalf, and gave him [[Narya]], his greatest possession and one of the most secret and sought-after treasures in the world.
{{quote|Take this ring, Master… for your labours will be heavy; but it will support you in the weariness that you have taken upon yourself. For this is the Ring of Fire, and with it you may rekindle hearts in a world that grows chill. But as for me, my heart is with the [[Belegaer|Sea]], and I will dwell by the grey shores until the last ship sails. I will await you.|Círdan, ''[[Appendix B]]''}}

In {{TA|1409}}, Círdan aided King [[Araphor]] of [[Arnor]] in battle against [[Angmar]] during the Fall of Rhudaur, after [[Weathertop]] was burned. With Círdan’s help, young Araphor drove the wraith’s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]].<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref> The second time Círdan came to the aid of men was four and a half centuries later, in {{TA|1975}}, when Círdan sent a ship north to [[Forochel]] to rescue the lost [[Arnor]]ian king [[Arvedui]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but found Arvedui. Yet Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished.<ref name="Gondor"/> The next year Círdan mustered the elves to join with the [[Dúnedain]] in the victorious [[Battle of Fornost]]. Later Círdan took control of the abandoned [[palantíri|Elendil Stone]] on [[Emyn Beraid]], which could gaze into the [[Tol Eressëa|lost west]] and was without link to the other ''palantíri''.<ref name="Palantiri">{{UT|Palantiri}}</ref>

Círdan was invited onto the [[White Council]] when it was formed in {{TA|2463}} in response to the rise of the [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]], whose identity was at that point concealed. Throughout all the recorded history of the White Council, his actions go unrecorded. His role may have only been passive; as an advisor rather than a planner. At any rate, nothing more is mentioned of his actions until the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3018}} and later {{TA|3021}}. [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was his messenger to [[Rivendell]], though for reasons unknown. It may be that he, too, felt the growing shadow, even as his friend [[Gandalf]] did. Sent by Círdan "on errand", Galdor attended the [[Council of Elrond]], speaking with authority on his lord’s behalf.<ref name="Council"/>

[[File:Decipher - Círdan.jpg|left|thumb|[[Decipher]] - ''Círdan'']]The last mention of Círdan came with the end of the Third Age. When the Ringbearers came to Mithlond, Círdan greeted them before the gates. Although [[Gandalf]], [[Galadriel]], and [[Elrond]] passed west on the ship he had built for them, Círdan seems to have remained for a time. Eventually, however, he passed west on the last ship, fulfilling his heart’s desire that had waited so long.{{fact}}

==Characteristics and Impact==
In the last years of the Third Age, Círdan appeared very old save for his eyes which "''were keen as stars''", wearing a long beard.<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> Likely, he had grown a beard since having reached his [[Elven life cycle#"Cycles of life" and aging|third cycle of life]].<ref>{{VT|41b}}, p. 9</ref>

Círdan had a profound effect upon the course of Middle-earth history. He was a loyal servant and friend of [[Elwë]], sacrificing his heart’s desire in search of him.<ref name="LastWritings"/> This loyalty and sense of duty shows up numerous times over the course of history, including his second sacrifice in his submission to the [[Valar]],<ref name="LastWritings"/> and his sending of troubling and potentially destructive rumors to his overlord Thingol. He was also the most foresighted of the elves, a gift from the Valar.<ref name="AppB2"/><ref name="LastWritings"/> He conceivably saved Elven civilization with the founding of the havens at the [[Mouths of Sirion]],<ref name="Fifth"/> and with the fostering of both [[Gil-galad]] and [[Eärendil]].<ref name="Earendil"/> His precious gift of [[Narya]] to [[Gandalf]] was also timely and valuable.<ref name="AppB2"/> He was clearly favored by [[Ulmo]], seen by the number of messages passed through him.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| |}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree| THI | | OLW | | ELM | | | CÍR |THI=[[Thingol]] ''d. {{FA|502}}''|OLW=[[Olwë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|ELM=[[Elmo]] ''unknown''|CÍR='''CÍRDAN''' ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[Image:SBG - Cirdan.jpeg|thumb|'''Círdan''' as visualized by the [[Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]]]

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:His role as lieutenant of Gil-galad is given to [[Elrond]] instead (Elrond was Gil-galad's herald in the books). He does, however, appear very briefly in Galadriel's Monologue at the start of the movie, in the very brief shot of the three elven ringbearers.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Círdan briefly appears as Frodo and Bilbo make their trip to the lands of the West.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Círdan|Images of Círdan]]

{{References}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cirdan}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]
[[Category:Sindar]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Círdan]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:cirdan]]
[[fi:Círdan]]

Rhûn

2018-08-15T01:22:48Z

Dman170:

{{footnotes}}
{{location infobox
| name=Rhûn
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Rhun map.jpg|250px]]
| caption=Rhûn from a map used for [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]]
| pronun=
| othernames=the [[East]], the Eastlands
| location=Eastern Lands of [[Middle-earth]], east of [[Mordor]] and [[Rhovanion]]
| type=Region
| description=
| regions=[[Dorwinion]]
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Easterlings]] [[Dwarves]]<ref>{{WJ|Dwarves}}</ref> [[Avari]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
'''Rhûn''' refers to the little-known lands in eastern [[Middle-earth]]. Almost nothing of the lands beyond the great [[Sea of Rhûn]] is known (see [[Land of the Sun|Uttermost East]]).

==History==

The first Elves awoke far east of the Sea of Rhûn, and many of them were led to the [[Westlands]] by [[Oromë]]. Some Elves forsook this [[Great Journey]] and chose to remain in the east; they were called the [[Avari]].

The first Men also awoke in the far east, where they first met [[Dwarves]]<ref>{{WJ|Dwarves}}</ref> and Avari. The ancestors of the [[Edain]] and [[Drúedain]] traveled west out of Rhûn. At the shores of the Sea of Rhûn, some of the Mannish tribes traveling west separated and their languages soon diverged.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref> Other men remained in Rhûn, and many of them came under the dominion of [[Morgoth]] and, later, [[Sauron]]. These men were called [[Easterlings]], and they led many attacks against [[Gondor]] and its allies during the [[Third Age]].

The most western parts of Rhûn were conquered by Gondor twice, under the Kings [[Rómendacil I]] and [[Rómendacil II]], but the Númenóreans never had full control over it. Western Rhûn was finally subdued in the [[Fourth Age]] under [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] and his son [[Eldarion]].

==Geography==
[[File:Stefano Baldo - Rhûn.jpg|thumb|left|''Rhûn'' by Stefano Baldo]]
The western part of Rhûn was given in maps of the [[Westlands]] of Middle-earth. It contained the great [[Sea of Rhûn]], connected the [[River Running]] in the northwest. A forest lay to the north-east of the Sea, and near the south-western shores there were many hills. South-west of the Sea of Rhûn lay also the land of [[Dorwinion]].

The inland [[Sea of Rhûn]] was located in western Rhûn on the border between Rhûn and [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]. There were mountains on the southwest side of the Sea of Rhûn and a forest on the north-east side. Wild white [[Kine of Araw]], or oxen, lived near the shores of the Sea of Rhûn.

Further east in Rhûn were ancient regions where the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] first awoke: [[Cuiviénen]] for the Elves, which lay on the shores of [[Sea of Helcar]] near the [[Orocarni]] (Red Mountains); and [[Hildórien]] for Men. Four [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] clans were also located in Rhûn; their mansions were at least as far east from [[Mount Gundabad]] in the [[Misty Mountains]] as Mount Gundabad lay east of the [[Blue Mountains]]. Additionally, Sauron maintained a fortress in Rhûn in the Third Age.

===The Dwarves of Rhûn===

[[Dwarves]] emerged in Middle-earth in the [[Years of the Trees]]; after Elves but before Men. When the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke in far-flung corners of Middle-earth, some of them found themselves in Rhûn, and there they founded kingdoms under the Mountains of the [[East]]. In the [[Third Age]], Dwarves of those kingdoms journeyed out of Rhûn to join all Middle-earth's other Dwarf clans in the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], which was fought in and under the [[Misty Mountains]]. After this war, the survivors returned home. Late in the Third Age, when war and terror grew in Rhûn itself, considerable numbers of its Dwarves left their ancient homelands. They sought refuge in Middle-earth's western lands, where some of them met [[Frodo Baggins]].<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The word '''''rhûn''''' means "east" in [[Sindarin]]. Compare [[Quenya]] ''[[rómen]]''.<ref>{{App|E2i}}</ref>

==Other of the legendarium==

In an addition by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] (dating from [[1948]] or later) inscribed on his ''[[General Map of Middle-earth]]'', an arrow is drawn from the [[River Running]] with the direction to the end of the map, and carries the note: "To Sea of Rûnaer". [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]] suggest that '''''Rûnaer''''' is likely an alternative name of ''Rhûn''.<ref>{{HM|AoL}}, p. 199</ref>

==Inspiration==
Rhûn and the easternmost lands of Middle-earth seem to be based primarily on the lands of [[Wikipedia:South Asia|southern]], [[Wikipedia:Central Asia|central]], and [[Wikipedia:East Asia|eastern Asia]].

In the earliest drafts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Bilbo offered to walk from the [[The Shire|Shire]] "to ''[cancelled: [[Wikipedia:Hindu Kush|Hindu Kush]]]'' the [[Wikipedia:Gobi Desert|Great Desert of Gobi]] and fight the Wild Wire worm(s) of the [[Wikipedia:China|Chinese]]."<ref>{{HH|Pryftan}}, p. 9</ref> In a slightly later version [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] altered this to say "to the last desert in the East and fight the Wild Wireworms of the Chinese",<ref>{{HH|Bladorthin}}, p. 40</ref> and in the final version it was altered once more to say "to the East of East and fight the wild [[Were-worms]] in the [[Last Desert]]."<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref>

The Wainriders, as well as the Balchoth, were known for traveling in great camps of wagons which they fortified.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Given the eastern origins of the group, this bears many similarities to the [[Wikipedia:Orda (organization)|orda]] military structure employed by the [[Wikipedia:Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Wikipedia:Mongols|Mongol]] peoples.{{fact}}

{{references}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rhun}}
[[Category:Eastern lands]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]
[[de:Rhûn]]
[[fi:Rhûn]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/rhun]]

Avari

2018-08-15T00:55:31Z

Dman170:

{{cleanup}}
{{people infobox
| name=Avari
| image=[[File:Peter Xavier Price - Avari Elf.jpg|250px]]
| caption="[[:File:Peter Xavier Price - Avari Elf.jpg|Avari Elf]]" by [[Peter Xavier Price]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Dark-elves, the Unwilling
| origin=Elves who refused to make the [[Great Journey]]
| location=[[Cuiviénen]], [[Taur-im-Duinath]], [[Rhûn]], [[Eriador]], [[Vales of Anduin]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=[[Avarin]] languages
| members=Possibly [[Morwë]], [[Nurwë]]
| lifespan=Immortal
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=White
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
{{pronounce|Quenya - Avari.mp3|Gilgamesh}}

The '''Avari''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "unwilling"; or "'''the Refusers'''"<ref>{{PM|Atani}}, p. 312</ref>) were a branch of [[Elves]] that refused to make the [[Great Journey]].

==History==
The original [[Elves]] that [[Awakening of the Elves|awakened]] in [[Cuiviénen]] numbered 144, and they were divided into three clans: the [[Minyar]], which had 14 members; the [[Tatyar]], which had 56 members; and the [[Nelyar]] (or [[Lindar]]), which had 74 members. After the [[Vala]] [[Oromë]] invited the Elves to live in [[Valinor]], the Elves entered into a great debate on whether to follow Oromë into the west. Most of the Elves were persuaded to undertake this [[Great Journey]], including all of the Minyar, half of the Tatyar, and 46 of the Nelyar. These Elves became known collectively as the [[Eldar]], and their clans became known by new names: the Minyar Eldar were called the [[Vanyar]], the Tatyar Eldar were called the [[Noldor]], and the Nelyar Eldar were called the [[Teleri]].<ref name=WJ3801>{{WJ|C}}, pp. 380-83</ref>

Those Elves who refused to take the Great Journey were called the Avari, and they were not counted among the Eldar.<ref>{{S|3}}, p. 41</ref> Their initial population had 56 members, consisting of 28 (half) of the [[Tatyar]] and 28 of the [[Nelyar]],<ref name=WJ3801 /> the latter of whom maybe were called Lindai. Some of them, especially those who dwelt furthest from the waters of [[Cuiviénen]] and wandered in the hills, had not seen Oromë at his first coming, and knew only vague, fearful rumours of the Valar; lies of Melkor concerning Oromë and [[Nahar]] perhaps had a role.<ref>{{MR|Annals}}</ref> Many thus refused to depart from their own lands, and spread gradually throughout the wide lands of [[Middle-earth]]. According to a tradition their leaders were [[Morwë]] of the Tatyar and [[Nurwë]] of the Nelyar. They were after known by the name "the Unwilling" because they refused the summons.

According to the legends, [[Orcs]] may be descended from Avarin elves captured and corrupted by [[Morgoth|Melkor]].

Over time, many Avari wandered westwards. Some mingled with the [[Nandor]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], and others entered [[Eriador]].<ref name=WJA>{{WJ|Author}}, pp. 409-410</ref> Some time after the [[Laiquendi]] settled in Beleriand, some Avari "crept in small and secret groups into Beleriand from the South."<ref name=WJ377>{{WJ|B}}, p. 377</ref> Most of these Avari remained secretive and isolated from the other elves, living in caves and deep in the forests.<ref name=WJ377 /> They viewed the Eldar with jealousy and disdain, believing that the Eldar were deserters, and they treated the Eldar with hostility and treachery. They especially disliked the exiled [[Noldor]] who returned from Aman.<ref name=WJA /> Rarely, an Avar was accepted into Sindarin society.<ref name=WJ377 /> Outside of Beleriand, in Eriador and the Values of Anduin, some Avari and Eldar eventually established friendlier relations.<ref name=WJA />

The [[Edain]] who travelled to the West met the Avari first of all the Elves, and were taught from them music and language, which influenced theirs. They probably taught them many of the basic crafts of civilization, though the craft of the Eldar surpassed that of the Avari even more than that of the Avari surpassed primitive [[Men]].

Some Avari after the end of the [[First Age]] started to mingle with the scattered [[Nandor]] beyond the [[Misty Mountains]] and they became hardly distinguishable from them, afterwards known as [[Silvan Elves]].<ref>{{UT|6a}}</ref>

It is told that no Avari Elves were to be found west of the [[Misty Mountains]] during the late [[Third Age]].<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 53</ref>

==Tribes==
Six tribes of Avari are mentioned in the [[Third Age]], and their names are all cognates of the [[Primitive Quendian]] word [[Quendi|Kwendî]] (''the Speakers''): '''[[Kindi]]''', '''[[Cuind]]''', '''[[Hwenti]]''', '''[[Windan]]''', '''[[Kinn-lai]]''', '''[[Penni]]'''.<ref>{{WJ|Author}}, Note 9</ref>

==Languages==
{{main|Avarin}}
The Avari had many tribes and greatly varied languages, widely sundered from one another.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p.410</ref> The names above are the only certain [[Avarin]] words ever mentioned by the Loremasters.

It is also possible that the name [[Eöl]] is an Avarin one.

It is speculated also that [[Dorwinion]] was an Avarin land.<ref>http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/site3/articles.php?lng=fr&pg=36</ref>

==Names==
The Avari were called ''[[Abari]]'' in [[Telerin]];<ref name=WJB>{{WJ|B}}</ref> they were also called ''[[Moripendi]]'' (an equivalent of [[Quenya]] ''[[Moriquendi]]'' which referred to the [[Sindar]] as well)<ref>{{WJ|A}}</ref>.

In [[Sindarin]] they were called ''Evair'', ''[[Morben]]'' or ''Mornedhel''.<ref name=WJB/>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In older versions of the legendarium, the name ''Avari'' was originally that of the later [[Eldar]], then meaning "those that departed".

In other, relatively late writings, a brief idea was that the Avari did not come from the three clans, but from two other clans, led by [[Nurwë]] and [[Morwë]]. This idea was later dropped. In the final conception, the [[Elves]] were divided into three tribes.

==External links==
*[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/avarin.htm Avarin languages at Ardalambion]

{{references}}{{elves}}
[[Category:Avari| ]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Avari]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/avari]]
[[fi:Avari]]