Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Cambridge

2022-03-21T12:31:01Z

Eldorion: /* External links */ Replaced link with Archive.org since the original LOTR Plaza is offline

{{stub}}
'''Cambridge''' is a town in England, known for its '''University of Cambridge'''.

==Tolkien and Cambridge==

[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] is known to have visited Cambridge at least once in his youth, for a [[King Edward's School]] 1st XV football match against the [[Wikipedia:The Leys School|Leys School]] on [[1 November]] [[1910]].<ref>{{CG|RG}}, pp. 144-5</ref>

As a fellow of Merton College he visited the college's estates in Cambridge in September [[1947]]. These included Merton Hall and Pythagoras Hall.<ref>{{CG|I}}, p. 322</ref>

He later visited Corpus Christi College in Cambridge on a number of occasions to view the manuscript of Ancrene Wisse: September [[1948]], 11-18 August [[1952]] (see also a photograph of Tolkien at the Garden House Hotel during this period, “The Laughing Philosopher” [https://www.tolkienestate.com/life/ Tolkien Estate website]), October-November [[1952]], December [[1956]], 7 May [[1957]].<ref>{{CG|I}}, pp. 340, 387, 391, 498, 505</ref>

Between the 8th and 15th May [[1954]], Tolkien was in Cambridge as an elector for the chair of Medieval and Renaissance English, a post designed for [[C.S. Lewis]]. Although Lewis was initially reluctant to take the post, he eventually accepted. <ref>{{CG|I}}, pp. 430-2</ref>

Tolkien is recorded as having dined formally a couple of times ''[[Wikipedia:Ad eundem degree|ad eundem]]'' in Cambridge, 22 May [[1954]], 9 July [[1960]] and 23 July [[1966]]<ref>{{CG|I}}, p. 432, 560, 669</ref>; less formally, he dined or stayed with individuals in Cambridge: he dined with Hugh Brogan on 20 March [[1949]] (where he fell down the stairs)<ref>{{CG|I}}, p. 347</ref>; at a house with no radio 30 October [[1955]] (so he missed a discussion of his works)<ref>{{CG|I}}, p. 478</ref>; staying in Cambridge at the end of July [[1960]]<ref>{{CG|I}}, p. 560</ref>; and with Glyn Daniel in August [[1973]]<ref>{{CG|I}}, p. 774</ref>

In mid-May [[1961]], one of Tolkien's visits to Cambridge included a Sunday spent with a fan club at Queen's College.<ref>{{CG|I}}, p. 575</ref>

==See also==
*[[Cambridge Tolkien Society]]

==External links==
*{{WP|Cambridge}}
*{{WP|University of Cambridge}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150322024258/http://www.lotrplaza.com/showthread.php?77337-Tolkien-and-Cambridge-Simon-Cook Tolkien and Cambridge] by Simon Cook
{{references}}
[[Category:British locations]]

Arien

2022-03-07T23:15:52Z

Eldorion:

{{maiar infobox
| name=Arien
| image=[[File:Lady Elleth - Arien.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Arien" by [[:Category:Images by Lady Elleth|Lady Elleth]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈari.en]}}
| othernames=''Ûrî'' ([[Adûnaic|A]])
| titles=
| position=Guiding the [[Sun]]
| location=The [[Sun]]
| affiliation=[[Varda]], formally [[Estë]] and [[Vána]]
| language=
| birth=[[Creation of the Ainur]]
| birthlocation=[[Timeless Halls]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Too bright were the eyes of Arien for even the [[Eldar]] to look on, and leaving [[Valinor]] she forsook the form and raiment which like the [[Valar]] she had worn there, and she was as a naked flame, terrible in the fullness of her splendor.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor]]"}}

'''Arien''' ([[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈari.en]}}) was the [[Maiar|Maia]] who guided the [[Sun]].

== History ==
Arien was originally a spirit of fire whom [[Morgoth|Melkor]] failed to corrupt.<ref name="S11"/> In the days of the [[Two Trees]], Arien was a [[Maia]] maiden who tended to the golden flowers in the gardens of [[Vána]]. She would water the flowers of Vána with dew gathered from the golden tree [[Laurelin]].<ref name="LR">{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 264-5</ref>

After the destruction of the Two Trees of Valinor by [[Morgoth|Melkor]], [[Laurelin]] managed to produce one last golden fruit before it died away. [[Aulë]] crafted a vessel to hold the golden fruit. Arien was chosen by the [[Valar]] to guide the vessel of the [[Sun]] above the airs of [[Arda]] to give light to the World; [[Tilion]], another Maia and one of Oromë's hunters, was chosen to steer the [[Moon]]. The Moon had already traversed the sky seven times before the Sun was finally ready. The first dawn of the Sun was like a great fire glowing upon the towers of the [[Pelóri Mountains]] of [[Aman]]. [[Morgoth]] was dismayed, and he descended into the uttermost pit of [[Angband]] and his servants withdrew. He sent up dark clouds of smoke to conceal his land from the light of the Sun.<ref name="S11">{{S|11}}</ref>

[[Tilion]] loved Arien and followed her through the night sky. When he occasionally caught up to her, his vessel became singed by her heat.<ref name="S11"/>

== Etymology ==
''Arien'' is [[Quenya]] for "Maiden of Sun".<ref name=Appendix>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''arien''</ref> It is derived from the root ''as-'', seen also in ''[[Áre|árë]]'' ("sunlight"),<ref name=Appendix>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''arien''</ref> and ''-[[ien]]'' (feminine suffix).

The [[Adûnaic]] name '''''Ûrî''''' is given as the female personification of ''ûre'' ("the Sun"), but it actually refers to its guardian spirit, "the Lady of the Sun".<ref>{{SD|3vi}}, p. 426</ref>

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
=== The Book of Lost Tales ===
In the earliest writings, Arien's name was '''''Urwen''''' or '''''Urwendi''''', which translated in "Maiden of the Sunship". She was one of Vána's maidens who took care of the tree Laurelin; her task was to water it.<ref>{{LT1|III}}, p. 73</ref> When the [[Two Trees of Valinor]] were destroyed, she offered to steer the Ship of the Sun.<ref name="LT1Sun">{{LT1|VIII}}, p. 118</ref>

It was told that Urwendi and her maidens, before the rising of the Sun, entered into [[Fôs' Almir|Fôs Almir]] (Faskalan), a bath of flame that would make one pure.<ref name="LT1Sun"/>

=== Later versions ===
In ''[[Myths Transformed]]'', which changed the timing of the Sun to have been primordial to Arda's inception, [[Melkor]] wanted to claim Arien as a wife,<ref name=Myths>{{MR|P5II}}</ref>{{rp|380-1}} but when she refused him, he attempted to ravish her.<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|405}} However, she released her spirit and burned Melkor leaving him ashen and grey. The Sun was then left without a guide and caused uneven seasons and periods of excessive heat or cold in [[Arda]].<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|381}} In other abandoned writings, she was a Maia of [[Varda]].<ref name=Myths>{{MR|P5II}}</ref>{{rp|380}}

{{references}}
{{ainur}}
{{cosmology}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Arien]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/arien]]
[[fi:Arien]]

Arien

2022-03-07T23:14:50Z

Eldorion: /* Later versions */ Added citation for Arien's affiliation with Varda in "Myths Transformed"

{{maiar infobox
| name=Arien
| image=[[File:Lady Elleth - Arien.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Arien" by [[:Category:Images by Lady Elleth|Lady Elleth]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈari.en]}}
| othernames=''Ûrî'' ([[Adûnaic|A]])
| titles=
| position=Guiding the [[Sun]]
| location=The [[Sun]]
| affiliation=[[Varda]], formally [[Estë]] and [[Vána]]
| language=
| birth=[[Creation of the Ainur]]
| birthlocation=[[Timeless Halls]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Too bright were the eyes of Arien for even the [[Eldar]] to look on, and leaving [[Valinor]] she forsook the form and raiment which like the [[Valar]] she had worn there, and she was as a naked flame, terrible in the fullness of her splendor.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor]]"}}

'''Arien''' ([[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈari.en]}}) was the [[Maiar|Maia]] who guided the [[Sun]].

== History ==
Arien was originally a spirit of fire whom [[Morgoth|Melkor]] failed to corrupt.<ref name="S11"/> In the days of the [[Two Trees]], Arien was a [[Maia]] maiden who tended to the golden flowers in the gardens of [[Vána]]. She would water the flowers of Vána with dew gathered from the golden tree [[Laurelin]].<ref name="LR">{{LR|Quenta}}, pp. 264-5</ref>

After the destruction of the Two Trees of Valinor by [[Morgoth|Melkor]], [[Laurelin]] managed to produce one last golden fruit before it died away. [[Aulë]] crafted a vessel to hold the golden fruit. Arien was chosen by the [[Valar]] to guide the vessel of the [[Sun]] above the airs of [[Arda]] to give light to the World; [[Tilion]], another Maia and one of Oromë's hunters, was chosen to steer the [[Moon]]. The Moon had already traversed the sky seven times before the Sun was finally ready. The first dawn of the Sun was like a great fire glowing upon the towers of the [[Pelóri Mountains]] of [[Aman]]. [[Morgoth]] was dismayed, and he descended into the uttermost pit of [[Angband]] and his servants withdrew. He sent up dark clouds of smoke to conceal his land from the light of the Sun.<ref name="S11">{{S|11}}</ref>

[[Tilion]] loved Arien and followed her through the night sky. When he occasionally caught up to her, his vessel became singed by her heat.<ref name="S11"/>

== Etymology ==
''Arien'' is [[Quenya]] for "Maiden of Sun".<ref name=Appendix>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''arien''</ref> It is derived from the root ''as-'', seen also in ''[[Áre|árë]]'' ("sunlight"),<ref name=Appendix>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''arien''</ref> and ''-[[ien]]'' (feminine suffix).

The [[Adûnaic]] name '''''Ûrî''''' is given as the female personification of ''ûre'' ("the Sun"), but it actually refers to its guardian spirit, "the Lady of the Sun".<ref>{{SD|3vi}}, p. 426</ref>

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
=== The Book of Lost Tales ===
In the earliest writings, Arien's name was '''''Urwen''''' or '''''Urwendi''''', which translated in "Maiden of the Sunship". She was one of Vána's maidens who took care of the tree Laurelin; her task was to water it.<ref>{{LT1|III}}, p. 73</ref> When the [[Two Trees of Valinor]] were destroyed, she offered to steer the Ship of the Sun.<ref name="LT1Sun">{{LT1|VIII}}, p. 118</ref>

It was told that Urwendi and her maidens, before the rising of the Sun, entered into [[Fôs' Almir|Fôs Almir]] (Faskalan), a bath of flame that would make one pure.<ref name="LT1Sun"/>

=== Later versions ===
In ''[[Myths Transformed]]'', which changed the timing of the Sun to have been primordial to Arda's inception, [[Melkor]] wanted to claim Arien as a wife,<ref name=Myths>{{MR|P5II}}</ref>{{rp|380-1}} but when she refused him, he attempted to ravish her.<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|405}} However, she released her spirit and burned Melkor leaving him ashen and grey. The Sun was then left without a guide and caused uneven seasons and periods of excessive heat or cold in [[Arda]].<ref name=Myths/>{{rp|381}} In other abandoned writings, she was a Maia of [[Varda]].{{rp|380}}

{{references}}
{{ainur}}
{{cosmology}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Arien]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/ainur/maiar/arien]]
[[fi:Arien]]

Erukyermë

2020-05-31T08:14:14Z

Eldorion: Appendix D is the source for the Númenórean year beginning in mid-winter

{{events
| image=
| event=''Erukyermë''
| othernames=Prayer to [[Ilúvatar|Eru]]
| date=Spring
| location=[[Númenor]]
| result=
| partof=The [[Three Prayers]]
| participants=Ruler of Númenor and his/her people
| description=Ceremony in which the [[Númenóreans]] ascended the [[Meneltarma]] and made an offering on its summit
| references=
|}}
The '''''Erukyermë''''' was one of the [[Three Prayers]] held on the summit of the [[Meneltarma]] in [[Númenor]] (the others being the ''[[Erulaitalë]]'' and the ''[[Eruhantalë]]''). The ''Erukyermë'' was held at the beginning of each spring. The ruling [[King of Númenor|King]] or [[Ruling Queen of Númenor|Queen]], followed by a silent crowd, would climb the mountain on foot, and at its peak utter a prayer for the approaching year. Traditionally, three [[Eagles]], known by the [[Númenóreans]] as the [[Witnesses of Manwë]], would hover over the King and his people at this time.<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}</ref>

It was just after the ''Erukyermë'' of {{SA|883}} that [[Tar-Meneldur]], the sixth King of Númenor, surrendered the [[Sceptre]] to his son [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]].<ref name=Ald>{{UT|Aldarion}} (note 16)</ref>

Since Erukyermë marked the beginning of a new year, this points to the existence of a separate calendar for religious purposes, beginning at vernal equinox. For civil matters the [[Edain]] started the year in the middle of winter, just after ''[[Yule]]'', a tradition attested as far back as the [[First Age]].<ref>{{App|D2}}</ref>
==Etymology==
''Erukyermë'' means "Prayer to Eru" in [[Quenya]] (cf. ''[[kyermë]]'').<ref name=Ald/>

A misreading of ''hy'' has been suggested, but the text is a typescript.<ref>"A typescript made to this point was completed in January 1965." from {{HM|UT}}, Introduction</ref>

==See also==
* [[Three Prayers]]
* ''[[Erulaitalë]]''
* ''[[Eruhantalë]]''
* [[Witnesses of Manwë]]
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Erukyerme}}
[[Category:Númenor]]
[[Category:Festivals and Feasts]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

User:Eldorion

2019-11-03T12:32:43Z

Eldorion: Replaced content with "My primary online handle in recent years is Eldy, which was originally a shortened form of the name I joined Tolkien Gateway under. I became an avid Tolkien fan as a kid and ..."

My primary online handle in recent years is Eldy, which was originally a shortened form of the name I joined Tolkien Gateway under. I became an avid Tolkien fan as a kid and later went on become a forum admin, webmaster, and independent Tolkien scholar. Most of my activity in Tolkien fandom has been centered on message boards, but I have from time to time attempted to give back to TG by making edits when I feel I have something to contribute.

User:Eldorion

2019-06-03T10:45:57Z

Eldorion:

{{user infobox
| image=[[File:Ted_Nasmith_-_White_Ships_from_Valinor.jpg|275px]]
| name=Eldy (née Eldorion)
| othernames=Ellie Keener
| location=[[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]]
| birth=8 August 1994
| gender=Female
| eyes=Blue
| userboxes={{user lore-4}}
{{user balrogwings2}}
{{user entwives2}}
{{user ref}}
{{user USA}}
{{user en-N}}
{{user 5y}}
{{user chrome}}
}}

My real name is Ellie, but my primary online handle is Eldy. During the decade or so that I spent actively involved in online Tolkien fandom, I used the name Eldorion, though most people shortened it to Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin and webmaster as well as an independent Tolkien scholar. I turn to TG as a reference and to jog my memory, making use of well-cited articles, and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and, after switching between "surnames" for several years, settled on Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I only used Eldorion. This is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]]. I acquired the nickname Eldo independently on most sites where I used this name, but a couple people on the Plaza used Eldy instead. When I came out as [[Wikipedia:Transgender|trans]] several years later I switched exclusively to that version.

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien scholarship==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and after stepping down from running forums I returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/ Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

User:Eldorion

2019-06-03T10:38:37Z

Eldorion:

{{user infobox
| image=[[File:Ted_Nasmith_-_White_Ships_from_Valinor.jpg|275px]]
| name=Eldy (née Eldorion)
| othernames=Ellie Keener
| location=[[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]]
| birth=8 August 1994
| gender=Female
| eyes=Blue
| email={{nospam|elliejkeener|gmail.com}}
| userboxes={{user lore-4}}
{{user balrogwings2}}
{{user entwives2}}
{{user ref}}
{{user USA}}
{{user en-N}}
{{user 5y}}
{{user chrome}}
}}

My real name is Ellie, but my primary online handle is Eldy. During the decade or so that I spent actively involved in online Tolkien fandom, I used the name Eldorion, though most people shortened it to Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin and webmaster as well as an independent Tolkien scholar. I turn to TG as a reference and to jog my memory, making use of well-cited articles, and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and, after switching between "surnames" for several years, settled on Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I only used Eldorion. This is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]]. I acquired the nickname Eldo independently on most sites where I used this name, but a couple people on the Plaza used Eldy instead. When I came out as [[Wikipedia:Transgender|trans]] several years later I switched exclusively to that version.

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien scholarship==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and after stepping down from running forums I returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/ Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

User:Eldorion

2018-10-12T09:30:42Z

Eldorion:

{{user infobox
| image=[[File:Ted_Nasmith_-_White_Ships_from_Valinor.jpg|275px]]
| name=Eldy (née Eldorion)
| othernames=Ellie J. Keener
| location=[[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]]
| birth=8 August 1994
| gender=Female
| eyes=Blue
| email={{nospam|elliejkeener|gmail.com}}
| userboxes={{user lore-4}}
{{user balrogwings2}}
{{user entwives2}}
{{user ref}}
{{user USA}}
{{user en-N}}
{{user 5y}}
{{user chrome}}
}}

My real name is Ellie, but my primary online handle is Eldy. During the decade or so that I spent actively involved in online Tolkien fandom, I used the name Eldorion, though most people shortened it to Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin and webmaster as well as an independent Tolkien scholar. I turn to TG as a reference and to jog my memory, making use of well-cited articles, and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and, after switching between "surnames" for several years, settled on Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I only used Eldorion. This is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]]. I acquired the nickname Eldo independently on most sites where I used this name, but a couple people on the Plaza used Eldy instead. When I came out as [[Wikipedia:Transgender|trans]] several years later I switched exclusively to that version.

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien scholarship==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and after stepping down from running forums I returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/ Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

User:Eldorion

2018-10-09T03:08:01Z

Eldorion:

{{user infobox
| image=[[File:Ted_Nasmith_-_White_Ships_from_Valinor.jpg|275px]]
| name=Eldorion
| othernames=Ellie J. Keener
| location=[[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]]
| birth=8 August 1994
| gender=Female
| eyes=Blue
| email={{nospam|elliejkeener|gmail.com}}
| userboxes={{user lore-4}}
{{user balrogwings2}}
{{user entwives2}}
{{user ref}}
{{user USA}}
{{user en-N}}
{{user 5y}}
{{user chrome}}
}}

My real name is Ellie, but my primary online handle is Eldy. During the decade or so that I spent actively involved in online Tolkien fandom, I used the name Eldorion, though most people shortened it to Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin and webmaster as well as an independent Tolkien scholar. I turn to TG as a reference and to jog my memory, making use of well-cited articles, and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and, after switching between "surnames" for several years, settled on Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I only used Eldorion. This is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]]. I acquired the nickname Eldo independently on most sites where I used this name, but a couple people on the Plaza used Eldy instead. When I came out as [[Wikipedia:Transgender|trans]] several years later I switched exclusively to that version.

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien scholarship==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and after stepping down from running forums I returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/ Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

User:Eldorion

2016-07-21T20:01:17Z

Eldorion:

{{user infobox
| image=[[File:Ted_Nasmith_-_White_Ships_from_Valinor.jpg|275px]]
| name=Eldorion
| othernames=Jacob Keener, Eldorion Nolondil
| language=[[wikipedia:English language|English]]
| location=[[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
| birth=8 August 1994
| gender=Male
| hair=Dirty blonde
| eyes=Blue
| email={{nospam|keener.jacob|gmail.com}}
| userboxes={{user lore-4}}
{{user balrogwings2}}
{{user entwives2}}
{{user ref}}
{{user USA}}
{{user en-N}}
{{user 5y}}
{{user chrome}}
}}

My name is Jacob, but most people in online Tolkien fandom call me Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin and webmaster as well as an independent Tolkien scholar. I use the well-cited articles on TG as a reference and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
My real first name is an exceedingly common Biblical one. My surname, Keener, is a [[wikipedia:Pennsylvania Dutch|Pennsylvania Dutch]] name Anglicized from the German ''Kühner''. As for my online ''nom de plume'', I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and go by Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I primarily use one name or the other. The first part is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]].

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien scholarship==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and after stepping down from running forums I returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/essays Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

User:Eldorion

2016-07-11T17:26:54Z

Eldorion:

{{user infobox
| image=[[File:Ted_Nasmith_-_White_Ships_from_Valinor.jpg|275px]]
| name=Eldorion
| othernames=Jacob Keener, Eldorion Nolondil
| language=[[wikipedia:English language|English]]
| location=[[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
| birth=8 August 1994
| gender=Male
| hair=Dirty blonde
| eyes=Blue
| email={{nospam|keener.jacob|gmail.com}}
| userboxes={{user lore-4}}
{{user balrogwings2}}
{{user entwives2}}
{{user ref}}
{{user TSmember}}
{{user USA}}
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}}

My name is Jacob, but most people in online Tolkien fandom call me Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin and webmaster as well as an independent Tolkien scholar. I use the well-cited articles on TG as a reference and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
My real first name is an exceedingly common Biblical one. My surname, Keener, is a [[wikipedia:Pennsylvania Dutch|Pennsylvania Dutch]] name Anglicized from the German ''Kühner''. As for my online ''nom de plume'', I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and go by Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I primarily use one name or the other. The first part is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]].

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien scholarship==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and since stepping down from running forums I have returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/essays Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

Gil-galad

2016-06-06T06:24:08Z

Eldorion: /* Other Versions of the Legendarium */

{{noldor infobox
| name=Gil-galad
| image=[[File:Kimberly - Gil-galad.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Gil-galad" by [[:Category:Images by Kimberly|Kimberly]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Artanáro''/''Rodnor'' ([[Quenya|Q]]/[[Sindarin|S]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Ereinion'' ([[Sindarin|S]], [[Epessë|epessë]])
| titles=[[High King of the Noldor]]
| position=
| location=[[Havens of Sirion]]; [[Lindon]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]]
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=c. {{FA|450}}
| birthlocation=Unknown
| rule={{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}}
| death={{SA|3441}}
| deathlocation=[[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| age=c. 3581
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Fingolfin]] ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[House of Finarfin]] (later notes)
| parentage=[[Fingon]] ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[Orodreth]] (later notes)
| siblings=none ([[The Silmarillion]]) [[Finduilas]] (later notes)
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]]
| steed=
}}
{{Pronounce|Ereinion Gil-galad.mp3|Ardamir}}
<center>{{quote|Gil-galad was an Elven-king Of him the harpers sadly sing The last whose realm was fair and free Between the Mountains and the Sea.|From [[The Fall of Gil-galad]], as translated by [[Bilbo Baggins]]}}</center>
'''Ereinion Gil-galad''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[eˈreɪnjon ˈɡilɡalad]}}) was the sixth and last [[High King of the Noldor]].

== History ==
===First Age===
The exact date and place of Gil-galad's birth is not given.

He was still a child at the time of the [[Dagor Bragollach]] when [[Morgoth]] broke the [[Siege of Angband]]. As a result his father<ref group=note>In the [[Silmarillion]], Gil-galad's father was [[Fingon]]; in later notes [[Tolkien]] changed him to [[Orodreth]], but never incorporated this change in a narrative. See [[#Other Versions of the Legendarium]]</ref> sent him (and his mother<ref name="Ruin">{{WJ|Ruin}}</ref>) to [[Círdan]] at the [[Havens of the Falas]] for safekeeping.<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> After the fall of Minas Tirith, the [[Pass of Sirion]] was open to Morgoth's hosts although they were still kept at bay by the still mighty realm of [[Hithlum]] and also the power of Nargothrond. Hithlum was destroyed after the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] and thus there was no power left that could withstand the enemies, and the ports at the Falas were besieged and captured. Yet Círdan, Gil-galad and many other Elves could flee from death on ship and established a refuge upon the [[Isle of Balar]] and a small haven at the [[Mouths of Sirion]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

In the Nirnaeth Arnoediad [[Fingon]], High King of the Noldor, was slain, and the crown passed to his brother [[Turgon]] in Gondolin. When Gondolin was lost, Gil-galad received the Kingship of the Noldor.<ref>{{S|Gondolin}}</ref> He and Círdan maintained the refuge upon Balar and the small port at the Sirion estuary until the [[War of Wrath]] and the end of the First Age.

===Second Age===
After the destruction of [[Beleriand]] during the [[War of Wrath]], Gil-galad founded a kingdom in [[Lindon]] in the far northwest of Middle-earth, roughly between the [[Blue Mountains]] and the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] around the [[Gulf of Lhûn]] and the havens of [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]] and [[Mithlond]] were founded.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> Many Elves, both the [[Sindar]] and the [[Noldor]] joined him. But soon there was again unrest among the Noldor, and many of them left Lindon and led by [[Celebrimbor]] founded the realm of [[Eregion]], probably also stirred up by the finding of ''[[mithril]]'' in [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Also some of the Sindar and many of the [[Nandor]] did not wish to live with the Noldor, who had done them a [[Second Kinslaying|great evil]], and migrated eastwards to [[Lothlórien]] or [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]].

When Prince [[Aldarion]] of [[Númenor]] came to [[Middle-earth]], they established friendship with the [[Elves]]. In {{SA|882}} Gil-galad gave him [[Gil-galad's letter|a letter for his father]], the [[King of Númenor]], [[Tar-Meneldur]]. He warned him that a new shadow had arisen in the [[East]] and besought him for aid.<ref>{{UT|Aldarion}}</ref>

[[File:Lelia - Gil-Galad.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Lelia - ''Gil-galad'']]Around the year 1000 of the [[Second Age]], [[Sauron]] tried to make contact with the Elves under the name of [[Annatar]], the "Lord of Gifts". But Gil-galad and Círdan did not trust him and rejected his proposals. Sauron though, was welcomed in Eregion and the [[Rings of Power]] were forged.<ref name="Rings"/> Around {{SA|1600}} Sauron, though, had forged [[the One Ring]] in secret, and when the Elves of Eregion found out that they have been betrayed, Sauron demanded the Rings, and when they refused, in {{SA|1695}} he invaded [[Eriador]], and the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] began.<ref name="PM">{{PM|Second}}</ref> Celebrimbor had rescued the Three Rings of the Elves in time, sending [[Narya]] and [[Vilya]] to Gil-galad, while the third ring [[Nenya]] was given to [[Galadriel]].<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

Sauron conquered [[Eregion]] quickly and the forces from Lindon that Gil-galad had sent under the command of [[Elrond]] came too late and were too small, and fled far north, where Elrond established the stronghold of [[Rivendell|Imladris]].<ref name="Galadriel"/> While Sauron sent most of his army west to attack [[Lindon]] he had to leave a strong detachment behind to contain Elrond.<ref name=UTC>{{UT|Concerning}}</ref>

The war lasted on, until a great fleet of the [[Númenóreans]] arrived at Lindon. With united forces, Sauron's army was driven back and defeated near the [[Sarn Ford]] and withdrew to [[Tharbad]] where he was reinforced. But the Númenórean admiral [[Ciryatur]] had sent a fleet up the river Gwathló and Sauron's army was [[Battle of the Gwathló|attacked in the rear and utterly defeated]].<ref name="Galadriel"/> After this war, the Elves were not further troubled by Sauron for a long time. During this time, Gil-galad passed the rings Narya and Vilya to Círdan and Elrond, respectively, and he appointed Elrond as his vice-regent.<ref name="Galadriel"/>.

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], [[Elendil]] and his sons came to Middle-earth and founded the realms of [[Gondor]] in the south and [[Arnor]] in the north. Gondor was soon attacked by Sauron and Elendil's son [[Isildur]] had to flee, and sailed north to his father, where the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] was formed with Gil-galad.
[[File:Maureval - Ereinion Gil-galad.jpg|thumb|Maureval - ''Ereinion Gil-galad'']]
It took several years for the Allies to gather their forces but ultimately they marched on Mordor and defeated a great army in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]]. They broke through [[Cirith Gorgor]] and besieged [[Sauron]]'s [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]].

When the siege had lasted for seven years, it became so pressing that Sauron himself sallied forth. By his power the siege was broken and his army advanced to the slopes of [[Orodruin]]. There he was engaged by Elendil and Gil-galad in a single combat. Sauron was defeated but both Gil-galad and Elendil were killed in the act. Gil-galad was the last High King of Noldor. In the scroll he left in [[Minas Tirith]] before riding north, Isildur wrote that Gil-galad was killed by the heat of Sauron's hand.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

Gil-galad's weapon was the spear [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]].

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==

Gil-galad was originally, and briefly, conceived as a descendant of [[Fëanor]].

Later, and through the writing of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', he was considered a son of [[Finrod Felagund]], until Tolkien decided that Felagund was unmarried and childless.

A marginal note by Tolkien from around this time (the late 1950s) suggested that Gil-galad might be the son of [[Fingon]]. This suggestion was taken up by Tolkien's son and literary executor [[Christopher Tolkien]] in the published version of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', which states that Gil-galad is the son of [[Fingon]]. He also edited a line in ''[[Aldarion and Erendis: The Mariner's Wife]]'' which originally referred to Gil-galad as a member of the House of Finarfin to make it consistent with the published ''Silmarillion''. Christopher stated many years later in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' that this decision to make Gil-galad a son of Fingon was an editorial mistake on his part and did not represent his father's conception of the character. Christopher suggested that it would have been better to have left Gil-galad's parentage obscure.<ref name="PM|XI5">{{PM|XI5}}</ref>

Tolkien's final decision for Gil-galad's parentage appears to have been that he was a son of [[Orodreth]], who was at the same time changed from being a son of [[Finarfin]] to a son of [[Angrod]].<ref name="PM|XI5">{{PM|XI5}}</ref> This conception, however, was never incorporated into the written stories of ''The Silmarillion'', and aspects of it — notably the downgrading of Orodreth into a son of Angrod — would have required considerable reworking of the existing text.

== Etymology ==

''Gil-galad'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, meaning "Star of bright light". The name consists of the elements ''[[gil]]'' ("star") + ''[[galad]]'' ("radiance")<ref name=RGEO>{{RGEO|Notes}}, p. 73</ref>. According to a note this name was given to him because of the brightness of his eyes <ref name="Ruin"/>.

''Gil-galad ''was his [[Amilessë|mother-name]], and it was his preferred name in his youth. His [[father-name]] was '''''Rodnor''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈrodnor]}}), or in [[Quenya]], '''''Artanáro''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˌartaˈnaːro]}}).

As a High King of the Noldor, his [[epessë]] was '''''Ereinion''''', "Scion of Kings" (from ''[[erain]]'' = "kings" and ''[[-ion]]'' = "son").

== Revised genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |y|~|~|~|~|~|~| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | OLW | | | | | | | |MIR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]]''b. {{YT}}''|OLW=[[Olwë]]''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF |y| EAW | | SON | | | | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]]''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]]''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]]''b. {{YT}}''|SON=''unknown sons''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL | |FRD=[[Finrod]]''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''|ANG=[[Angrod]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|AEG=[[Aegnor]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|GAL=[[Galadriel]]''b. {{YT|1362}}''|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]]''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|CLB=[[Celebrían]]''b. {{SA}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]]''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIL | | FIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW | |GIL='''GIL-GALAD'''''d. {{SA|3441}}''|FIL=[[Finduilas]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|ELL=[[Elladan]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]]''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==Portrayals in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Gil-galad.jpg|thumb|Gil-galad in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:In the prologue, Gil-galad is shown as one of the bearers of the [[Three Rings|three Elven rings]]. Later, he is present at the [[Siege of Barad-dûr|Battle]] of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] wielding his spear [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]]. His death is not shown, and he does not take down [[Sauron]]. He is played by [[Mark Ferguson]].

'''2010: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Gil-galad appears in the prologue holding one of the Elf-rings. He is also an unlockable character, despite never playing into the storyline. He can be found in a cave in south-west [[Gorgoroth]]. His gear is not accurate, however; he wields an Elven sword (instead of Aeglos) and golden shield in the game, though ''The Fall of Gil-Galad'' describes a silver shield.

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Gil-galad|Images of Gil-galad]].
{{references|notes}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=noldor
| born=during the [[First Age]]
| died={{SA|3441}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=
| pvac=
| prev=[[Turgon]]
| list=[[High King of the Noldor]]
| dates={{FA|510}} - {{SA|3441}}
| next=Title abandoned
| nvac=None
| nrow=
}}
{{seq-end}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:amilessi]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[de:Gil-galad]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:gil-galad]]
[[fi:Gil-galad]]

Fëanor

2016-06-06T04:39:17Z

Eldorion:

{{noldor infobox
| name=Fëanor
| image=[[File:Catherine Karina Chmiel - Feanor.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Feanor" by [[Catherine Karina Chmiel]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Curufinwë]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Fëanáro'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]] in [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Fëanor]]
| language=[[Quenya]]
| birth={{YT|1169}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{YT|1495}} – {{YT|1497|n}}
| death={{YT|1497}}
| deathlocation=Slopes of [[Ered Wethrin]]
| age=328 [[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]]/3142 [[Years of the Sun|years]]
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finwë]]
| parentage=[[Finwë]] & [[Míriel]]
| siblings=[[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]] and [[Finarfin]] (half-siblings)
| spouse=[[Nerdanel]]
| children=[[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sword
| steed=
}}

{{quote|For Fëanor was made the mightiest in all parts of body and mind: in valour, in endurance, in beauty, in understanding, in skill, in strength and subtlety alike: of all the Children of Ilúvatar, and a bright flame was in him.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor]]}}

'''Fëanor''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈfe.anor]}}) was a prince of the [[Noldor]], eldest and most beloved son of [[Finwë]]. He had the greatest skill of word and hand, a renowned craftsman, gem-smith, and warrior. His most famous deed was the creation of the [[Silmarils]], but he also created the ''[[palantíri]]''<ref name="SIndex">{{S|Index}}</ref>, and may also have wrought the [[Fëanorian lamps]].<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}, note 2</ref> In addition, he invented the widely-used [[Tengwar]] script. His passionate hatred of [[Morgoth]] and terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]] led directly to the great triumphs and tragedies of the [[First Age]].

== History ==
===Life in Tirion===
Born in {{YT|1169}},<ref>{{MR|P2k}}, Note 1, p.101</ref> Curufinwë Fëanáro (as was his original name in [[Quenya]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌkuruˈfinweˌ fe.aˈnaːro ]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌkuruˈɸinweˌ ɸe.aˈnaːro ]}}<ref name="Shibboleth">{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>) was the eldest son of Finwë, the [[King of the Noldor]], and his first wife [[Míriel|Míriel Serindë]]. He drew so much of Míriel's life energy when he was born that she grew weary of living, and departed to [[Lórien in Valinor|Lórien]], where she voluntarily left her corporeal form and died. Finwë remarried, and had two more sons, Fëanor's half-brothers [[Fingolfin]] and [[Finarfin]],<ref name="Feanor">{{S|Feanor}}</ref> and two daughters, [[Findis]] and [[Írimë]].<ref name="Shibboleth"/>
[[File:Ryszard Derdzinski - Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|Feanor, deviser of the Tengwar]]
Fëanor's skills began to blossom and other than a skilled smith, he was a linguist and a [[Lambengolmor|Loremaster]].<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 396-8</ref> In {{YT|1250|n}} he devised the lettering system of [[Tengwar]], improving the work of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]. He then turned his mind to the study of gems.<ref name="AAsec4">{{MR|P2j}}</ref>
[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|Feanor and Nerdanel]]
While still a youth Fëanor wedded [[Nerdanel]], daughter of [[Mahtan]],<ref name="Feanor"/> who bore him [[Sons of Fëanor|seven sons]]: [[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]].<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>

In {{YT|1400|n}}<ref name="AAsec4"/> [[Morgoth|Melkor]], the mightiest of the Valar and source of evil, deceived the Valar into thinking that he had repented of his evil ways. Pardoned and residing in Valinor, he undertook to corrupt the Noldor and succeeded in making them instruments of his malice, particularly Fëanor. But Fëanor greatly mistrusted Melkor, which was part of Melkor's plan.<ref name="Feanor"/>

In {{YT|1449|n}} Fëanor began and by {{YT|1450|n}} he had succeeded<ref name="AAsec4"/> in the greatest of his achievements: capturing the light of the [[Two Trees]] to make the three [[Silmarils]], also called the Great Jewels. He prized the Silmarils above all else, and grew increasingly suspicious that the Valar and other Eldar coveted them. He either vainly displayed the jewels or jealously guarded them from all except his immediate family.<ref name="Silmarils">{{S|Unrest}}</ref>

===Feud with Fingolfin===
[[Image:Antti Autio - The Threat of Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Antti Autio]] - ''Fëanor's threat'']]
Melkor greatly desired the Silmarils and his hatred for Fëanor grew, but the Valar still did not know of Melkor's true intentions. Melkor played upon Fëanor's temperament and pride to convince him that his own half-brother Fingolfin was not only planning to usurp his place as heir to Finwë, but also seize the jewels for himself.<ref name="Silmarils"/> The Noldor then began forging weapons, which at that point no other Eldar possessed in Valinor. Fëanor's hostility grew to the point where, in {{YT|1490|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he threatened Fingolfin's life. For this, the Valar exiled him to [[Formenos]]. He took a substantial treasure with him, including the Silmarils, which he stowed in a locked box. In a show of support for his eldest son, Finwë withdrew to Formenos as well.<ref name="Silmarils"/>

The Valar realized that Melkor was behind Fëanor's actions. They sent [[Tulkas]] to imprison him again, but he could not be found. Melkor was not seen for a long time, until in {{YT|1492|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he unexpectedly showed up at Formenos. Since with Finwë and Fëanor's absence Fingolfin had become king, it seemed that Melkor's lies were true. Melkor tried again to manipulate Fëanor, but he went too far, and Fëanor realized that Melkor's true goal was to obtain the Silmarils. He shut the door in Melkor's face. In a rage, Melkor left. When the Valar heard of the incident, they resumed the hunt. But it was apparent that Melkor had fled from Valinor.<ref name="Silmarils"/>

===Theft of the Silmarils===
In {{YT|1495|n}}<ref name="AAsec4"/> the Valar sought to reconcile Fëanor and Fingolfin, and to mend the enmity between the Noldor and Valar, and invited them all to Valinor to make peace. Fingolfin offered a hand to his half-brother, recognizing Fëanor's place as the eldest, which he grudgingly accepted.

[[File:Amanyar - Fëanor device.png|right|120px|thumb|Fëanor's device.]]Meanwhile, after first feigning to go north, Melkor had stolen away to [[Avathar]] in the south of Aman to seek out the evil, spider-like creature [[Ungoliant]]. Even as Fëanor and Fingolfin were reconciled, Ungoliant helped Morgoth destroy the Two Trees, bringing darkness to Valinor.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref>

[[Yavanna]] examined the Two Trees and found them lifeless. The light of the Trees survived only in the Silmarils and she said that only by their power could she restore the Trees. [[Manwë]] then asked Fëanor to give them up for this purpose but Fëanor emphatically declared that he would not give up his Silmarils of his own free will; if the Valar forced him, he said, they would be no better than Melkor. It was after this that messengers came telling of the raid at Formenos.

According to the messengers, Melkor, surrounded by an impenetrable black fog, had come to Fëanor's vault in Formenos. Finwë the King fought and lost against Melkor, and was the first to be slain in Valinor. Melkor ransacked the vault, taking many valuable jewels, including the Silmarils. He and Ungoliant escaped by crossing the [[Helcaraxë]], or Grinding Ice, in the north to [[Beleriand]] in Middle-earth.<ref name="Flight">{{S|Flight}}</ref>

===The Kinslaying===
[[Image:Tuuliky - Feanor.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Tuuliky - ''Fëanor'']]The Valar and Eldar now fully understood the extent of Melkor's treachery. Fëanor, upon learning of his father's murder and the theft of his prized Silmarils, named Melkor "Morgoth", or "Black Enemy". Claiming kingship over the Noldor, Fëanor delivered an impassioned speech, which he unwittingly filled with Morgoth's taint. He railed the Noldor against the Dark Lord, but because of Morgoth's influence, he also blamed the Valar for Morgoth's deeds. He persuaded most his people that because the Valar had abandoned them, the Noldor must follow him to Middle-earth and fight the Dark Lord. Fëanor then swore the terrible [[Oath of Fëanor]] which all seven of his sons also proclaimed, vowing to fight anyone and everyone—whether Elf, Man, Maia, or Vala—who withheld the Silmarils, and invoking even [[Ilúvatar]] as a witness. This Oath led to much conflict and later caused great tragedy among his seven sons.

Seeking a way to get to Middle-earth, he went to the shores of Aman, where the seafaring [[Teleri]] lived, and demanded the use of their ships. When Teleri refused to give or lend their vessels, Fëanor ordered the Noldor to take the ships. The Teleri resisted, and a battle broke out, in which many of the Teleri were slain, for they were armed with mere hunting bows, against the fully armed Noldor. Three times the Teleri were able to push back Fëanor until Fingolfin and Finarfin brought up their host, overwhelming the Teleri.

In repentance of this act, Finarfin, Finwë's third son, took his host and turned back. They were accepted by the Valar, and Finarfin ruled as King of the remaining Noldor in Valinor.<ref name="Flight"/>


===Exile in Middle-earth===
[[File:NOLANOS - La Quema de las Naves.jpg|thumb|NOLANOS - ''La Quema de las Naves'']]
As the year {{YT|1496|n}} wore on Fëanor led the Noldor northward. By {{YT|1497|n}} the host had reached the [[Helkaraxë]] and halted.<ref>{{MR|P2m}}</ref> There were not enough ships to carry all of the Noldor across the sea, so Fëanor and his sons led the first group. Upon arriving at [[Losgar]], in the land of [[Lammoth]], in the far west of [[Beleriand]], where Morgoth and Ungoliant had passed not long before, Fëanor decided to burn the ships and leave the followers of Fingolfin behind.<ref name="Flight"/> However, Fëanor accidentally left his son Amras in the ships and he was burned alive.<ref name="Shibboleth"/> The earth being flat in those days, the remaining Noldor saw the flames, and perceived that if they were to reach Middle-earth, they had no choice but to cross the Helcaraxë. This they did under the leadership of Fingolfin, and suffered heavy losses along the way, which greatly added to the animosity they had for Fëanor and his sons.<ref name="Flight"/>
[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Feanor's Last Stand.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Jenny Dolfen - ''Fëanor's Last Stand'']]
Learning of the Noldor's arrival, Morgoth summoned his armies from his fortress of [[Angband]] and attacked Fëanor's encampment in [[Mithrim]]. This battle was called the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] ("Battle under the Stars"), for the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] had not yet been made. The Noldor managed to win the battle and disperse Morgoth's armies. Fëanor, still in a great rage, pressed on toward Angband with his sons. He came even within sight of Angband, but was ambushed by a force of [[Balrogs]], with few elves about him. He fought mightily, hewing his foe even after receiving several wounds from [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], lord of Balrogs.

His sons came upon the balrogs with great force of elves, and were able to drive them off. However, as Fëanor was being carried off the battlefield, he knew his wounds were fatal. He was brought to the slopes of the [[Ered Wethrin]] from where he saw from afar the peaks of [[Thangorodrim]]. He cursed Angband thrice, but with the eyes of death, he knew that his elves, unaided, would never throw down the dark towers. At the moment of his death the passing of his fiery spirit reduced his body to ashes. He was the only person to die this way, for no death like his was ever seen or heard.<ref name="S|Return">{{S|Return}}</ref>

His sons were still bound by the Oath to recover the Silmarils, which would determine many of the events of Middle-earth during the First Age.

Fëanor's spirit remained in the [[Halls of Mandos]] and was not reincarnated in Valinor.<ref name="S|Return">{{S|Return}}</ref> It is said that he will return only for [[Dagor Dagorath]], and will finally reclaim his beloved Silmarils, and then surrender them to [[Yavanna]].<ref name "SM|CQ19">{{SM|CQ19}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]] ''b. {{YT}}''| MIR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=[[Nerdanel]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FEA='''FËANOR''' ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]] ''d. {{FA|587}}''|MAG=[[Maglor]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celegorm]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CAR=[[Caranthir]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CUR=[[Curufin]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|AMD=[[Amrod]] ''d. {{YT|1497}}''|AMR=[[Amras]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]] ''d. {{SA|1697}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

== Etymology ==
{{Pronounce|Feanor.mp3|Ardamir}}
Fëanor's [[father-name]] was ''[[Curufinwë]]'', "Skillful Finwë", by adding ''[[curu]]'', the [[Quenya]] noun for "skill", to his father's name . He later gave his favorite son [[Curufin]] the same father-name. His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''Fëanáro''', which translates as "spirit of fire",<ref name="Shibboleth"/> being formed by adding ''[[fëa]]'', a Quenya noun for "spirit" and ''[[Nár (Quenya)|nár]]'', "flame". Apparently, the masculine ending ''[[-o]]'' is also present.

The name Fëanor is the [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] version of his mother-name; the proper [[Sindarin]] form of his name was '''Faenor'''.<ref name="Shibboleth"/>

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Fëanor|Images of Fëanor]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.minastirith.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=2;t=000635 What do you think of Fëanor?] - Discussion on MinasTirith.com

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Feanor}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Finwë]]
[[Category:House of Fëanor| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]

[[de:Feanor]]
[[fi:Fëanor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/feanor]]

Fëanor

2016-06-06T04:37:47Z

Eldorion: Undo revision 288201 by Eldorion (talk)

{{noldor infobox
| name=Fëanor
| image=[[File:Catherine Karina Chmiel - Feanor.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Feanor" by [[Catherine Karina Chmiel]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Curufinwë]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Fëanáro'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]] in [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Fëanor]]
| language=[[Quenya]]
| birth={{YT|1169}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{YT|1495}} – {{YT|1497|n}}
| death={{YT|1497}}
| deathlocation=Slopes of [[Ered Wethrin]]
| age=328 [[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]]/3142 [[Years of the Sun|years]]
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finwë]]
| parentage=[[Finwë]] & [[Míriel]]
| siblings=[[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]] and [[Finarfin]] (half-siblings)
| spouse=[[Nerdanel]]
| children=[[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sword
| steed=
}}

{{quote|For Fëanor was made the mightiest in all parts of body and mind: in valour, in endurance, in beauty, in understanding, in skill, in strength and subtlety alike: of all the Children of Ilúvatar, and a bright flame was in him.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor]]}}

'''Fëanor''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈfe.anor]}}) was a prince of the [[Noldor]], eldest and most beloved son of [[Finwë]]. He had the greatest skill of word and hand, a renowned craftsman, gem-smith, and warrior. His most famous deed was the creation of the [[Silmarils]], but he also created the ''[[palantíri]]''<ref name="SIndex">{{S|Index}}</ref>, and may also have wrought the [[Fëanorian lamps]].<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}, note 2</ref> In addition, he invented the widely-used [[Tengwar]] script. His passionate hatred of [[Morgoth]] and terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]] led directly to the great triumphs and tragedies of the [[First Age]].

== History ==
===Life in Tirion===
Born in {{YT|1169}},<ref>{{MR|P2k}}, Note 1, p.101</ref> Curufinwë Fëanáro (as was his original name in [[Quenya]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌkuruˈfinweˌ fe.aˈnaːro ]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌkuruˈɸinweˌ ɸe.aˈnaːro ]}}<ref name="Shibboleth">{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>) was the eldest son of Finwë, the [[King of the Noldor]], and his first wife [[Míriel|Míriel Serindë]]. He drew so much of Míriel's life energy when he was born that she grew weary of living, and departed to [[Lórien in Valinor|Lórien]], where she voluntarily left her corporeal form and died. Finwë remarried, and had two more sons, Fëanor's half-brothers [[Fingolfin]] and [[Finarfin]],<ref name="Feanor">{{S|Feanor}}</ref> and two daughters, [[Findis]] and [[Írimë]].<ref name="Shibboleth"/>
[[File:Ryszard Derdzinski - Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|Feanor, deviser of the Tengwar]]
Fëanor's skills began to blossom and other than a skilled smith, he was a linguist and a [[Lambengolmor|Loremaster]].<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 396-8</ref> In {{YT|1250|n}} he devised the lettering system of [[Tengwar]], improving the work of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]. He then turned his mind to the study of gems.<ref name="AAsec4">{{MR|P2j}}</ref>
[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|Feanor and Nerdanel]]
While still a youth Fëanor wedded [[Nerdanel]], daughter of [[Mahtan]],<ref name="Feanor"/> who bore him [[Sons of Fëanor|seven sons]]: [[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]].<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>

In {{YT|1400|n}}<ref name="AAsec4"/> [[Morgoth|Melkor]], the mightiest of the Valar and source of evil, deceived the Valar into thinking that he had repented of his evil ways. Pardoned and residing in Valinor, he undertook to corrupt the Noldor and succeeded in making them instruments of his malice, particularly Fëanor. But Fëanor greatly mistrusted Melkor, which was part of Melkor's plan.<ref name="Feanor"/>

In {{YT|1449|n}} Fëanor began and by {{YT|1450|n}} he had succeeded<ref name="AAsec4"/> in the greatest of his achievements: capturing the light of the [[Two Trees]] to make the three [[Silmarils]], also called the Great Jewels. He prized the Silmarils above all else, and grew increasingly suspicious that the Valar and other Eldar coveted them. He either vainly displayed the jewels or jealously guarded them from all except his immediate family.<ref name="Silmarils">{{S|Unrest}}</ref>

===Feud with Fingolfin===
[[Image:Antti Autio - The Threat of Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Antti Autio]] - ''Fëanor's threat'']]
Melkor greatly desired the Silmarils and his hatred for Fëanor grew, but the Valar still did not know of Melkor's true intentions. Melkor played upon Fëanor's temperament and pride to convince him that his own half-brother Fingolfin was not only planning to usurp his place as heir to Finwë, but also seize the jewels for himself.<ref name="Silmarils"/> The Noldor then began forging weapons, which at that point no other Eldar possessed in Valinor. Fëanor's hostility grew to the point where, in {{YT|1490|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he threatened Fingolfin's life. For this, the Valar exiled him to [[Formenos]]. He took a substantial treasure with him, including the Silmarils, which he stowed in a locked box. In a show of support for his eldest son, Finwë withdrew to Formenos as well.<ref name="Silmarils"/>

The Valar realized that Melkor was behind Fëanor's actions. They sent [[Tulkas]] to imprison him again, but he could not be found. Melkor was not seen for a long time, until in {{YT|1492|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he unexpectedly showed up at Formenos. Since with Finwë and Fëanor's absence Fingolfin had become king, it seemed that Melkor's lies were true. Melkor tried again to manipulate Fëanor, but he went too far, and Fëanor realized that Melkor's true goal was to obtain the Silmarils. He shut the door in Melkor's face. In a rage, Melkor left. When the Valar heard of the incident, they resumed the hunt. But it was apparent that Melkor had fled from Valinor.<ref name="Silmarils"/>

===Theft of the Silmarils===
In {{YT|1495|n}}<ref name="AAsec4"/> the Valar sought to reconcile Fëanor and Fingolfin, and to mend the enmity between the Noldor and Valar, and invited them all to Valinor to make peace. Fingolfin offered a hand to his half-brother, recognizing Fëanor's place as the eldest, which he grudgingly accepted.

[[File:Amanyar - Fëanor device.png|right|120px|thumb|Fëanor's device.]]Meanwhile, after first feigning to go north, Melkor had stolen away to [[Avathar]] in the south of Aman to seek out the evil, spider-like creature [[Ungoliant]]. Even as Fëanor and Fingolfin were reconciled, Ungoliant helped Morgoth destroy the Two Trees, bringing darkness to Valinor.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref>

[[Yavanna]] examined the Two Trees and found them lifeless. The light of the Trees survived only in the Silmarils and she said that only by their power could she restore the Trees. [[Manwë]] then asked Fëanor to give them up for this purpose but Fëanor emphatically declared that he would not give up his Silmarils of his own free will; if the Valar forced him, he said, they would be no better than Melkor. It was after this that messengers came telling of the raid at Formenos.

According to the messengers, Melkor, surrounded by an impenetrable black fog, had come to Fëanor's vault in Formenos. Finwë the King fought and lost against Melkor, and was the first to be slain in Valinor. Melkor ransacked the vault, taking many valuable jewels, including the Silmarils. He and Ungoliant escaped by crossing the [[Helcaraxë]], or Grinding Ice, in the north to [[Beleriand]] in Middle-earth.<ref name="Flight">{{S|Flight}}</ref>

===The Kinslaying===
[[Image:Tuuliky - Feanor.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Tuuliky - ''Fëanor'']]The Valar and Eldar now fully understood the extent of Melkor's treachery. Fëanor, upon learning of his father's murder and the theft of his prized Silmarils, named Melkor "Morgoth", or "Black Enemy". Claiming kingship over the Noldor, Fëanor delivered an impassioned speech, which he unwittingly filled with Morgoth's taint. He railed the Noldor against the Dark Lord, but because of Morgoth's influence, he also blamed the Valar for Morgoth's deeds. He persuaded most his people that because the Valar had abandoned them, the Noldor must follow him to Middle-earth and fight the Dark Lord. Fëanor then swore the terrible [[Oath of Fëanor]] which all seven of his sons also proclaimed, vowing to fight anyone and everyone—whether Elf, Man, Maia, or Vala—who withheld the Silmarils, and invoking even [[Ilúvatar]] as a witness. This Oath led to much conflict and later caused great tragedy among his seven sons.

Seeking a way to get to Middle-earth, he went to the shores of Aman, where the seafaring [[Teleri]] lived, and demanded the use of their ships. When Teleri refused to give or lend their vessels, Fëanor ordered the Noldor to take the ships. The Teleri resisted, and a battle broke out, in which many of the Teleri were slain, for they were armed with mere hunting bows, against the fully armed Noldor. Three times the Teleri were able to push back Fëanor until Fingolfin and Finarfin brought up their host, overwhelming the Teleri.

In repentance of this act, Finarfin, Finwë's third son, took his host and turned back. They were accepted by the Valar, and Finarfin ruled as King of the remaining Noldor in Valinor.<ref name="Flight"/>


===Exile in Middle-earth===
[[File:NOLANOS - La Quema de las Naves.jpg|thumb|NOLANOS - ''La Quema de las Naves'']]
As the year {{YT|1496|n}} wore on Fëanor led the Noldor northward. By {{YT|1497|n}} the host had reached the [[Helkaraxë]] and halted.<ref>{{MR|P2m}}</ref> There were not enough ships to carry all of the Noldor across the sea, so Fëanor and his sons led the first group. Upon arriving at [[Losgar]], in the land of [[Lammoth]], in the far west of [[Beleriand]], where Morgoth and Ungoliant had passed not long before, Fëanor decided to burn the ships and leave the followers of Fingolfin behind.<ref name="Flight"/> However, Fëanor accidentally left his son Amras in the ships and he was burned alive.<ref name="Shibboleth"/> The earth being flat in those days, the remaining Noldor saw the flames, and perceived that if they were to reach Middle-earth, they had no choice but to cross the Helcaraxë. This they did under the leadership of Fingolfin, and suffered heavy losses along the way, which greatly added to the animosity they had for Fëanor and his sons.<ref name="Flight"/>
[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Feanor's Last Stand.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Jenny Dolfen - ''Fëanor's Last Stand'']]
Learning of the Noldor's arrival, Morgoth summoned his armies from his fortress of [[Angband]] and attacked Fëanor's encampment in [[Mithrim]]. This battle was called the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] ("Battle under the Stars"), for the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] had not yet been made. The Noldor managed to win the battle and disperse Morgoth's armies. Fëanor, still in a great rage, pressed on toward Angband with his sons. He came even within sight of Angband, but was ambushed by a force of [[Balrogs]], with few elves about him. He fought mightily, hewing his foe even after receiving several wounds from [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], lord of Balrogs.

His sons came upon the balrogs with great force of elves, and were able to drive them off. However, as Fëanor was being carried off the battlefield, he knew his wounds were fatal. He was brought to the slopes of the [[Ered Wethrin]] from where he saw from afar the peaks of [[Thangorodrim]]. He cursed Angband thrice, but with the eyes of death, he knew that his elves, unaided, would never throw down the dark towers. At the moment of his death the passing of his fiery spirit reduced his body to ashes. He was the only person to die this way, for no death like his was ever seen or heard.<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref>

His sons were still bound by the Oath to recover the Silmarils, which would determine many of the events of Middle-earth during the First Age.

Fëanor's spirit remained in the [[Halls of Mandos]] and was not reincarnated in Valinor.<ref name="Silmarils"/> It is said that he will return only for [[Dagor Dagorath]], and will finally reclaim his beloved Silmarils, and then surrender them to [[Yavanna]].<ref>{{SM|CQ19}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]] ''b. {{YT}}''| MIR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=[[Nerdanel]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FEA='''FËANOR''' ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]] ''d. {{FA|587}}''|MAG=[[Maglor]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celegorm]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CAR=[[Caranthir]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CUR=[[Curufin]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|AMD=[[Amrod]] ''d. {{YT|1497}}''|AMR=[[Amras]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]] ''d. {{SA|1697}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

== Etymology ==
{{Pronounce|Feanor.mp3|Ardamir}}
Fëanor's [[father-name]] was ''[[Curufinwë]]'', "Skillful Finwë", by adding ''[[curu]]'', the [[Quenya]] noun for "skill", to his father's name . He later gave his favorite son [[Curufin]] the same father-name. His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''Fëanáro''', which translates as "spirit of fire",<ref name="Shibboleth"/> being formed by adding ''[[fëa]]'', a Quenya noun for "spirit" and ''[[Nár (Quenya)|nár]]'', "flame". Apparently, the masculine ending ''[[-o]]'' is also present.

The name Fëanor is the [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] version of his mother-name; the proper [[Sindarin]] form of his name was '''Faenor'''.<ref name="Shibboleth"/>

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Fëanor|Images of Fëanor]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.minastirith.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=2;t=000635 What do you think of Fëanor?] - Discussion on MinasTirith.com

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Feanor}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Finwë]]
[[Category:House of Fëanor| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]

[[de:Feanor]]
[[fi:Fëanor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/feanor]]

Fëanor

2016-06-06T04:37:06Z

Eldorion: /* Exile in Middle-earth */

{{noldor infobox
| name=Fëanor
| image=[[File:Catherine Karina Chmiel - Feanor.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Feanor" by [[Catherine Karina Chmiel]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Curufinwë]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Fëanáro'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]] in [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Fëanor]]
| language=[[Quenya]]
| birth={{YT|1169}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{YT|1495}} – {{YT|1497|n}}
| death={{YT|1497}}
| deathlocation=Slopes of [[Ered Wethrin]]
| age=328 [[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]]/3142 [[Years of the Sun|years]]
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finwë]]
| parentage=[[Finwë]] & [[Míriel]]
| siblings=[[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]] and [[Finarfin]] (half-siblings)
| spouse=[[Nerdanel]]
| children=[[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sword
| steed=
}}

{{quote|For Fëanor was made the mightiest in all parts of body and mind: in valour, in endurance, in beauty, in understanding, in skill, in strength and subtlety alike: of all the Children of Ilúvatar, and a bright flame was in him.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor]]}}

'''Fëanor''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈfe.anor]}}) was a prince of the [[Noldor]], eldest and most beloved son of [[Finwë]]. He had the greatest skill of word and hand, a renowned craftsman, gem-smith, and warrior. His most famous deed was the creation of the [[Silmarils]], but he also created the ''[[palantíri]]''<ref name="SIndex">{{S|Index}}</ref>, and may also have wrought the [[Fëanorian lamps]].<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}, note 2</ref> In addition, he invented the widely-used [[Tengwar]] script. His passionate hatred of [[Morgoth]] and terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]] led directly to the great triumphs and tragedies of the [[First Age]].

== History ==
===Life in Tirion===
Born in {{YT|1169}},<ref>{{MR|P2k}}, Note 1, p.101</ref> Curufinwë Fëanáro (as was his original name in [[Quenya]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌkuruˈfinweˌ fe.aˈnaːro ]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌkuruˈɸinweˌ ɸe.aˈnaːro ]}}<ref name="Shibboleth">{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>) was the eldest son of Finwë, the [[King of the Noldor]], and his first wife [[Míriel|Míriel Serindë]]. He drew so much of Míriel's life energy when he was born that she grew weary of living, and departed to [[Lórien in Valinor|Lórien]], where she voluntarily left her corporeal form and died. Finwë remarried, and had two more sons, Fëanor's half-brothers [[Fingolfin]] and [[Finarfin]],<ref name="Feanor">{{S|Feanor}}</ref> and two daughters, [[Findis]] and [[Írimë]].<ref name="Shibboleth"/>
[[File:Ryszard Derdzinski - Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|Feanor, deviser of the Tengwar]]
Fëanor's skills began to blossom and other than a skilled smith, he was a linguist and a [[Lambengolmor|Loremaster]].<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 396-8</ref> In {{YT|1250|n}} he devised the lettering system of [[Tengwar]], improving the work of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]. He then turned his mind to the study of gems.<ref name="AAsec4">{{MR|P2j}}</ref>
[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|Feanor and Nerdanel]]
While still a youth Fëanor wedded [[Nerdanel]], daughter of [[Mahtan]],<ref name="Feanor"/> who bore him [[Sons of Fëanor|seven sons]]: [[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]].<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>

In {{YT|1400|n}}<ref name="AAsec4"/> [[Morgoth|Melkor]], the mightiest of the Valar and source of evil, deceived the Valar into thinking that he had repented of his evil ways. Pardoned and residing in Valinor, he undertook to corrupt the Noldor and succeeded in making them instruments of his malice, particularly Fëanor. But Fëanor greatly mistrusted Melkor, which was part of Melkor's plan.<ref name="Feanor"/>

In {{YT|1449|n}} Fëanor began and by {{YT|1450|n}} he had succeeded<ref name="AAsec4"/> in the greatest of his achievements: capturing the light of the [[Two Trees]] to make the three [[Silmarils]], also called the Great Jewels. He prized the Silmarils above all else, and grew increasingly suspicious that the Valar and other Eldar coveted them. He either vainly displayed the jewels or jealously guarded them from all except his immediate family.<ref name="Silmarils">{{S|Unrest}}</ref>

===Feud with Fingolfin===
[[Image:Antti Autio - The Threat of Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Antti Autio]] - ''Fëanor's threat'']]
Melkor greatly desired the Silmarils and his hatred for Fëanor grew, but the Valar still did not know of Melkor's true intentions. Melkor played upon Fëanor's temperament and pride to convince him that his own half-brother Fingolfin was not only planning to usurp his place as heir to Finwë, but also seize the jewels for himself.<ref name="Silmarils"/> The Noldor then began forging weapons, which at that point no other Eldar possessed in Valinor. Fëanor's hostility grew to the point where, in {{YT|1490|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he threatened Fingolfin's life. For this, the Valar exiled him to [[Formenos]]. He took a substantial treasure with him, including the Silmarils, which he stowed in a locked box. In a show of support for his eldest son, Finwë withdrew to Formenos as well.<ref name="Silmarils"/>

The Valar realized that Melkor was behind Fëanor's actions. They sent [[Tulkas]] to imprison him again, but he could not be found. Melkor was not seen for a long time, until in {{YT|1492|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he unexpectedly showed up at Formenos. Since with Finwë and Fëanor's absence Fingolfin had become king, it seemed that Melkor's lies were true. Melkor tried again to manipulate Fëanor, but he went too far, and Fëanor realized that Melkor's true goal was to obtain the Silmarils. He shut the door in Melkor's face. In a rage, Melkor left. When the Valar heard of the incident, they resumed the hunt. But it was apparent that Melkor had fled from Valinor.<ref name="Silmarils"/>

===Theft of the Silmarils===
In {{YT|1495|n}}<ref name="AAsec4"/> the Valar sought to reconcile Fëanor and Fingolfin, and to mend the enmity between the Noldor and Valar, and invited them all to Valinor to make peace. Fingolfin offered a hand to his half-brother, recognizing Fëanor's place as the eldest, which he grudgingly accepted.

[[File:Amanyar - Fëanor device.png|right|120px|thumb|Fëanor's device.]]Meanwhile, after first feigning to go north, Melkor had stolen away to [[Avathar]] in the south of Aman to seek out the evil, spider-like creature [[Ungoliant]]. Even as Fëanor and Fingolfin were reconciled, Ungoliant helped Morgoth destroy the Two Trees, bringing darkness to Valinor.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref>

[[Yavanna]] examined the Two Trees and found them lifeless. The light of the Trees survived only in the Silmarils and she said that only by their power could she restore the Trees. [[Manwë]] then asked Fëanor to give them up for this purpose but Fëanor emphatically declared that he would not give up his Silmarils of his own free will; if the Valar forced him, he said, they would be no better than Melkor. It was after this that messengers came telling of the raid at Formenos.

According to the messengers, Melkor, surrounded by an impenetrable black fog, had come to Fëanor's vault in Formenos. Finwë the King fought and lost against Melkor, and was the first to be slain in Valinor. Melkor ransacked the vault, taking many valuable jewels, including the Silmarils. He and Ungoliant escaped by crossing the [[Helcaraxë]], or Grinding Ice, in the north to [[Beleriand]] in Middle-earth.<ref name="Flight">{{S|Flight}}</ref>

===The Kinslaying===
[[Image:Tuuliky - Feanor.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Tuuliky - ''Fëanor'']]The Valar and Eldar now fully understood the extent of Melkor's treachery. Fëanor, upon learning of his father's murder and the theft of his prized Silmarils, named Melkor "Morgoth", or "Black Enemy". Claiming kingship over the Noldor, Fëanor delivered an impassioned speech, which he unwittingly filled with Morgoth's taint. He railed the Noldor against the Dark Lord, but because of Morgoth's influence, he also blamed the Valar for Morgoth's deeds. He persuaded most his people that because the Valar had abandoned them, the Noldor must follow him to Middle-earth and fight the Dark Lord. Fëanor then swore the terrible [[Oath of Fëanor]] which all seven of his sons also proclaimed, vowing to fight anyone and everyone—whether Elf, Man, Maia, or Vala—who withheld the Silmarils, and invoking even [[Ilúvatar]] as a witness. This Oath led to much conflict and later caused great tragedy among his seven sons.

Seeking a way to get to Middle-earth, he went to the shores of Aman, where the seafaring [[Teleri]] lived, and demanded the use of their ships. When Teleri refused to give or lend their vessels, Fëanor ordered the Noldor to take the ships. The Teleri resisted, and a battle broke out, in which many of the Teleri were slain, for they were armed with mere hunting bows, against the fully armed Noldor. Three times the Teleri were able to push back Fëanor until Fingolfin and Finarfin brought up their host, overwhelming the Teleri.

In repentance of this act, Finarfin, Finwë's third son, took his host and turned back. They were accepted by the Valar, and Finarfin ruled as King of the remaining Noldor in Valinor.<ref name="Flight"/>


===Exile in Middle-earth===
[[File:NOLANOS - La Quema de las Naves.jpg|thumb|NOLANOS - ''La Quema de las Naves'']]
As the year {{YT|1496|n}} wore on Fëanor led the Noldor northward. By {{YT|1497|n}} the host had reached the [[Helkaraxë]] and halted.<ref>{{MR|P2m}}</ref> There were not enough ships to carry all of the Noldor across the sea, so Fëanor and his sons led the first group. Upon arriving at [[Losgar]], in the land of [[Lammoth]], in the far west of [[Beleriand]], where Morgoth and Ungoliant had passed not long before, Fëanor decided to burn the ships and leave the followers of Fingolfin behind.<ref name="Flight"/> However, Fëanor accidentally left his son Amras in the ships and he was burned alive.<ref name="Shibboleth"/> The earth being flat in those days, the remaining Noldor saw the flames, and perceived that if they were to reach Middle-earth, they had no choice but to cross the Helcaraxë. This they did under the leadership of Fingolfin, and suffered heavy losses along the way, which greatly added to the animosity they had for Fëanor and his sons.<ref name="Flight"/>
[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Feanor's Last Stand.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Jenny Dolfen - ''Fëanor's Last Stand'']]
Learning of the Noldor's arrival, Morgoth summoned his armies from his fortress of [[Angband]] and attacked Fëanor's encampment in [[Mithrim]]. This battle was called the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] ("Battle under the Stars"), for the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] had not yet been made. The Noldor managed to win the battle and disperse Morgoth's armies. Fëanor, still in a great rage, pressed on toward Angband with his sons. He came even within sight of Angband, but was ambushed by a force of [[Balrogs]], with few elves about him. He fought mightily, hewing his foe even after receiving several wounds from [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], lord of Balrogs.

His sons came upon the balrogs with great force of elves, and were able to drive them off. However, as Fëanor was being carried off the battlefield, he knew his wounds were fatal. He was brought to the slopes of the [[Ered Wethrin]] from where he saw from afar the peaks of [[Thangorodrim]]. He cursed Angband thrice, but with the eyes of death, he knew that his elves, unaided, would never throw down the dark towers. At the moment of his death the passing of his fiery spirit reduced his body to ashes. He was the only person to die this way, for no death like his was ever seen or heard.<ref name"{{S|Return}}">{{S|Return}}</ref>

His sons were still bound by the Oath to recover the Silmarils, which would determine many of the events of Middle-earth during the First Age.

Fëanor's spirit remained in the [[Halls of Mandos]] and was not reincarnated in Valinor.<ref name="Silmarils"/> It is said that he will return only for [[Dagor Dagorath]], and will finally reclaim his beloved Silmarils, and then surrender them to [[Yavanna]].<ref name"{{S|Return}}">{{S|Return}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]] ''b. {{YT}}''| MIR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=[[Nerdanel]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FEA='''FËANOR''' ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]] ''d. {{FA|587}}''|MAG=[[Maglor]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celegorm]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CAR=[[Caranthir]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CUR=[[Curufin]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|AMD=[[Amrod]] ''d. {{YT|1497}}''|AMR=[[Amras]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]] ''d. {{SA|1697}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

== Etymology ==
{{Pronounce|Feanor.mp3|Ardamir}}
Fëanor's [[father-name]] was ''[[Curufinwë]]'', "Skillful Finwë", by adding ''[[curu]]'', the [[Quenya]] noun for "skill", to his father's name . He later gave his favorite son [[Curufin]] the same father-name. His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''Fëanáro''', which translates as "spirit of fire",<ref name="Shibboleth"/> being formed by adding ''[[fëa]]'', a Quenya noun for "spirit" and ''[[Nár (Quenya)|nár]]'', "flame". Apparently, the masculine ending ''[[-o]]'' is also present.

The name Fëanor is the [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] version of his mother-name; the proper [[Sindarin]] form of his name was '''Faenor'''.<ref name="Shibboleth"/>

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Fëanor|Images of Fëanor]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.minastirith.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=2;t=000635 What do you think of Fëanor?] - Discussion on MinasTirith.com

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Feanor}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Finwë]]
[[Category:House of Fëanor| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]

[[de:Feanor]]
[[fi:Fëanor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/feanor]]

Headstrong Family

2016-06-04T21:35:35Z

Eldorion: combined the sentences about the Headstrong's social status so they appear less at odds with each other

The '''Headstrong'''s were a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] family, probably well-to-do,<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 192</ref> although they were not included in Tolkien's list of wealthier Hobbit families.<ref name="L|25">{{L|25}}</ref> The only known member of the family, [[Malva Headstrong]], married [[Gormadoc Brandybuck]], a notable [[Master of Buckland]].<ref>{{App|Brandybuck}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Headstrong]]
[[Category:Hobbit Families]]
[[fi:Voimapää]]

Talk:Armies of the West

2016-06-04T05:11:02Z

Eldorion:

Was the phrase "Armies of the West" ever used by Tolkien? There's "Host of the West" of course, and "Army of the West" appears as a synonym a couple times (including in the Hammond & Scull index of the 50th Anniversary Edition of LOTR), but I can't find any use of the "Armies" variant. [[User:Eldorion|Eldorion]] 05:10, 4 June 2016 (UTC)

Talk:Armies of the West

2016-06-04T05:10:32Z

Eldorion: Created page with "Was the phrase "Armies of the West" ever used by Tolkien? There's "Host of the West" of course, and "Army of the West" appears as a synonym a couple times (including in the Hammo..."

Was the phrase "Armies of the West" ever used by Tolkien? There's "Host of the West" of course, and "Army of the West" appears as a synonym a couple times (including in the Hammond & Scull index), but I can't find any use of the "Armies variant". [[User:Eldorion|Eldorion]] 05:10, 4 June 2016 (UTC)

Brian Sibley

2016-06-04T05:04:41Z

Eldorion:

{{author infobox
| image=[[Image:Brian Sibley.jpg|250px]]
| name=Brian Sibley
| born=[[14 July]] [[1949]]
| died=
| education=
| occupation=Author
| location=London, England
| website=[http://www.briansibley.com BrianSibley.com]
|}}
'''Brian Sibley''' (born [[14 July]] [[1949]]) is an English author, broadcaster and screenwriter. He is author of over 100 hours of radio drama and has written and presented hundreds of radio documentaries, features and weekly programmes.

Born in London, he grew up and was educated in Chislehurst, Kent.

In 1981, he co-wrote BBC Radio 4's [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|adaptation]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' with [[Michael Bakewell]]. He is also the author of ''[[The Maps of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]''.

Sibley subsequently wrote ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Making of the Movie Trilogy]]'' and other books accompanying [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' trilogy]], including a biography of [[Peter Jackson|Jackson]]. He reprised this role a decade later by writing three companion books for [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' trilogy]].

==Bibliography==
===Books===
* [[1995]]: ''[[The Maps of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' (with [[John Howe]])
* [[1995]]: ''[[There and Back Again: The Map of The Hobbit]]'' (with [[John Howe]])
* [[1999]]: ''[[The Map of Tolkien's Beleriand and the Lands to the North]]'' (with [[John Howe]])
* [[2001]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Rings - Insiders' Guide]]''
* [[2001]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Official Movie Guide]]''
* [[2002]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Making of the Movie Trilogy]]''
* [[2003]]: ''[[The Maps of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' (with [[John Howe]])
* [[2006]]: ''[[Peter Jackson: A Film-maker's Journey]]''
* [[2009]]: ''[[The Road Goes Ever On and On: The Map of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' (with [[John Howe]])
* [[2010]]: ''[[West of the Mountains, East of the Sea]]'' (with [[John Howe]])
* [[2010]]: ''[[There and Back Again: The Map of the Hobbit]]'' (with [[John Howe]])
* [[2012]]: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey: Official Movie Guide]]''
* [[2013]]: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug: Official Movie Guide]]''
* [[2014]]: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies: Official Movie Guide]]''

===Articles===
* [[1981]]: [[Mallorn 17|''Mallorn'' 17]]
** "The Choices of Master Sibley"
* [[1982]]: [[Amon Hen 59|''Amon Hen'' 59]]
** "Quiz Report"
* [[2000]]: ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Handbook]]''
** "Foreword"
* [[2005]]: ''[[Empires of the Imagination]]''
** "Introduction"
* [[2006]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Popular Culture in Global Context]]''
** "Foreword"
* [[2010]]: ''[[Tolkien 2005 Souvenir Book]]''
** Message
* [[2010]]: [[Silver Leaves 3|''Silver Leaves'' 3]]
** "More than Just the Margins: An appreciation of [[Pauline Baynes]] (1922-2008)"
* [[2015]]: ''[[Tolkien Calendar 2016]]''
** Introduction

==Discography==
* [[2001]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: An Audio Portrait]]'': Narrator, writer
* [[2002]]: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]: screenwriter
* [[2008]]: ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm (radio series)]]'': screenwriter, [[the Giant]].

==Filmography==
* [[2003]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: Origins of Middle-Earth]]'': himself
* [[2005]]: ''[[Ringers: Lord of the Fans]]'': himself
==External links==
* [http://briansibleysblog.blogspot.com/ Brian Sibley's personal blog]
* [http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/ Brian Sibley's work blog]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sibley, Brian}}
[[Category:Actors and actresses]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Narrators]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:Screenwriters]]
[[de:Brian Sibley]]

John Rhys-Davies

2016-06-04T05:00:49Z

Eldorion:

{{actor
| image=[[Image:John Rhys-Davies.jpg|250px|John Rhys-Davies]]
| name=John Rhys-Davies
| lifetime=[[5 May|May 5]], [[1944]]
| played=[[Gimli]]
| film=[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
| played2=
| film2=
| imdb=[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0722636/ Profile]
}}
British actor '''John Rhys-Davies''' (born 1944) played [[Gimli]] in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]] trilogy. He was also the voice for [[Treebeard]] in the films. He originally auditioned for the role of [[Denethor]].<ref>[[Brian Sibley|Sibley, Brian]]. [[The Lord of the Rings: Official Movie Guide]]. Houghton Mifflin (2001).</ref>

==Quotes==
{{quote|There is an energetic ferocity in Gimli that the film needs. It's often these minor characters who really have to impart a sense of energy and dynamism to a film so that the heroes can actually take their time to respond and be thoughtful and reflective.|John Rhys-Davies, Southland Times, October 12th, 2000}}
==Roles==
* [[2010]] - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'' - Gimli
* [[2004]] - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]'' - Gimli
* [[2003]] - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' - Gimli, Treebeard
* 2003 - ''[[Beyond the Movie: The Return of the King]]'' - Narrator
* 2003 - [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]] - Gimli
* 2003 - ''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)'' trailer - Narrator
* [[2002]] - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' - Gimli, Treebeard
* 2002 - [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (video game)]] - Gimli
* [[2001]] - ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' - Gimli

==Awards==
* [[2002]] - '''[http://www.cinemaclips.com/PFCS.htm PFCS Award]''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* [[2003]] - '''[http://ofcs.rottentomatoes.com/ OFCS Award]''', Best Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''PFCS Award''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''Peter Jackson's The Two Towers''
* [[2004]] - '''[http://www.bfca.org/ Critics' Choice Award]''', Best Acting Ensemble, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.nbrmp.org/ NBR Award]''', Best Acting by an Ensemble, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.sagawards.org/ SAG Award]''', Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, ''Peter Jackson's The Return of the King''

== External Links ==
* '''[http://www.johnrhys-davies.com/ Offical Site]'''
* {{WP|{{PAGENAME}}}}

{{references}}

[[Category:Actors and actresses|Rhys-Davies, John]]
[[Category:Narrators|Rhys-Davies, John]]
[[Category:British people|Rhys-Davies, John]]
[[Category:People by name|Rhys-Davies, John]]

War of the Last Alliance

2016-06-04T04:52:36Z

Eldorion: Undo revision 288133 by 115.133.205.157 (talk) the guy who wants to erase the Dwarves from the War of the Last Alliance is back

{{war
| previous=[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]
| next= [[Angmar War]]
| image=[[File:Matt DeMino - Sauron - War of the Last Alliance.png|275px]]
| name= War of the Last Alliance
| place= Mordor and lower Anduin region
| result= Victory for the Last Alliance, fall of Sauron, loss of the One Ring
| battles= [[Fall of Minas Ithil]], [[Anárion's defense of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of Dagorlad]], [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| begin= {{SA|3429}}
| end= {{SA|3441}}
| side1= Greatest host since the [[War of Wrath]], Men from [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], Elves from [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Mirkwood]] and [[Lothlórien]], and [[Dwarves]]
| side2= Greater host than the Alliance, myriads of [[Orcs]], [[Easterlings]] and other creatures of Sauron|
|casual1=Thousands, innumerable|
|casual2=Nearly all Orcs, Men, and other creatures were killed|
| commanders1=
{{Gil-galad blazon|died}}
* [[Elrond]]
* [[Oropher]] †
* [[Amdír]] †
* [[Elendil]] †
* [[Isildur]]
* [[Anárion]] †
| commanders2=
{{Sauron blazon}}
}}

The '''War of the Last Alliance''' was the war late in the [[Second Age]] in which the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] marched against the fortress of [[Sauron]], [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]]. Against all hope, they were victorious, but when [[the One Ring]] was not destroyed, [[Sauron]] rose again during the long years of the [[Third Age]].

== History ==
===Prelude===
Ever since his defeat in the [[Battle of the Gwathló]] Sauron nursed a special hatred against the [[Númenóreans]] and longed to take revenge on them.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> In {{SA|3261|n}}, Sauron dared to wage war against Númenor and the last [[King of Númenor]] [[Ar-Pharazôn]] had gathered a massive army to counter this threat. Perceiving the might and splendour of the Númenóreans Sauron's servants deserted him, and Sauron was filled with fear and humbled himself. He was brought as hostage to Númenor and finally succeeded in taking his revenge by playing a vital role in the events that led to the Downfall. Yet of all Númenóreans he hated Elendil most, and his wrath was great that he and his sons had escaped.

After the [[Downfall of Númenor]] in {{SA|3319}} the remaining [[Faithful]] led by [[Elendil]] and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anarion]] etablished the [[Realms in Exile]] in [[Middle-earth]]. Elendil ruled [[Arnor]] in the north, Isildur and Anarion jointly ruled the southern realm of [[Gondor]]. [[Sauron]] however perished physically, by drowning; being caught in the Fall of Númenor which he had cleverly schemed to bring about. Yet nevertheless, even though he truly was drowned, Sauron's spirit endured; he returned to his fortress [[Barad-dûr]] in [[Mordor]] and was able in time to take shape again. However, it should be noted that hereafter Sauron could no longer take on a deceptively fair and greatly pleasing form, as Sauron had done so long before, in order to deceive the Elves and then again much later, the [[Númenóreans]] too, whilst he was held a willing captive.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Opening Stages===
Perceiving that his enemies of old had escaped the downfall, Sauron's wrath was great and in {{SA|3429|n}} he launched an attack upon Isildur's fortress, Minas Ithil. Believing that Sauron had perished in the [[Downfall of Númenor]], they were completely taken by surprise, [[Minas Ithil]] was taken, and the [[White Tree of Gondor]] that Isildur had planted there was burned. Nevertheless Isildur, his wife and children escaped, saving a seedling of the tree, too, and sailing down [[Anduin]] journeyed to Elendil's realm in Arnor. There Elendil and [[Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]] forged the [[Last Alliance|Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] in {{SA|3430|n}}, to defeat Sauron ultimately. Meanwhile Anárion held out in Gondor, defending [[Osgiliath]] and [[Minas Anor]]<ref name="Rings"/>.

In {{SA|3431}} the [[Elves of Lindon]] led by Gil-galad and [[Círdan]] marched eastward and where awaited by Elendil at [[Amon Sûl]]. The combined host marched towards [[Rivendell|Imladris]], where they joined with [[Elrond|Lord Elrond]], who was Gil-galad's herald, and acted as his second-in-command in the coming campaign.

The united host rested for about three years in Imladris, forging weapons and making plans. They crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] over many passes and marched down [[Anduin]] where they were joined by Dwarves from [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], Elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] led by [[Oropher]] and his son [[Thranduil]], and Lothlórien Elves under [[Amdír]]<ref name="Rings"/><ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref>. At the southern eaves of [[Eryn Galen]] the host turned south-east and marched through desolate areas that had once been the [[Entwives]]' gardens. They, and probably the Entwives themselves, had been destroyed by [[Sauron]] to deprive the Alliance's forces of supplies<ref>{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref>.

The Alliance entered the vast plain outside Mordor where they were joined by Anárion's forces. There Sauron's host awaited them from the north-west.

=== The [[Battle of Dagorlad]] ===
During preliminary skirmishing, [[Oropher]] and his Elves, being scantily equipped, rashly charged forward into the numerous Orc forces before Gil-galad had given the command, and suffered heavy casualties, including Oropher himself. Amdír and his forces also were cut off from the main battle and driven into the marshes just to the south, where he also fell along with half of his troops<ref name="Silvan Princes"/>. This area became known afterwards as the [[Dead Marshes]], because of the thousands of bodies buried there.

This battle raged for days and nights continuously. But the Elves were still mighty in these times and the Númenóreans were tall and strong and terrible. And none could withstand [[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]] and [[Narsil]], Gil-galad's spear and Elendil's sword which filled the orcs and wicked men with fear. Slowly Elves and Númenóreans whittled down the vast numbers of Orcs and pushed them back towards the [[Black Gate]]<ref name="Rings"/>.
No account is given how the Alliance managed to break through this mighty fortification though.

=== The [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] ===

The forces of the Last Alliance had forced their way through the Black Gate into Mordor itself. Victory seemed close, but no power short of the [[Valar]] could breach the [[Dark Tower]] by force. Though a great part of Sauron's forces was destroyed at the Dagorlad his host was still numerous and Sauron ordered many a sortie. The siege went on year after year, from {{SA|3434}} to {{SA|3441|n}}<ref name="Rings"/>. Isildur's sons, [[Aratan]] and [[Ciryon]], were detached and sent to Minas Ithil to guard against a breakout to the southwest, but his oldest son, Elendur served by his side till the end<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref>. [[Anárion]] was killed in {{SA|3440|n}} by a projectile thrown from the tower.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>

In the seventh year of the siege, it became so pressing that [[Sauron]] himself came forth. His onslaught was terrible and the siege was almost broken as Sauron and his host advanced to the slopes of [[Mount Doom]]. There he was encountered by the captains of the Alliance, Gil-galad and Elendil and to their side stood Elrond, Círdan and Isildur. Sauron fought with Gil-galad and Elendil, and both were slain. As Elendil fell, his sword was broken beneath him. Yet Sauron was thrown down, too, and Isildur seized the hilt of his father's sword and cut off the finger on which Sauron wore the One Ring. Being bereft of its power, Sauron was no longer able to hold a physical form and perished<ref name="Rings"/>.

===Aftermath===

The Alliance pursued the Orcs, who were then in disarray, and killed them all. The Barad-dûr was leveled but its foundations remained behind, since they were built with the power of [[the One Ring]] which was not destroyed. The thousands of dead Men and Elves were taken out of Mordor and buried in the Dagorlad Plain.

While he had captured [[the One Ring]], Isildur refused Elrond and Círdan's entreaties that he destroy it by casting it into the [[Crack of Doom]], claiming it as a weregild for his father's and brother's death<ref name="Rings"/>. The result of this was that while [[Sauron]] was defeated and cast down, his spirit was not destroyed. He hid himself in the dark lands east of Mordor, and slowly rebuilt his power. The Nine ([[Nazgûl]]) also bided their time for the day when he would rise again.

While the Orc armies of Sauron had been well nigh destroyed in the War, scattered groups of them survived. In the Last Alliance, the casualties had been heavy. [[Elendil]] and [[Anárion]] were gone, and [[Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]], was no more. [[Arnor]] took grievous losses, and suffered from a decline in population. It never really recovered as a major power, and broke into three pieces some centuries later. [[Gondor]] suffered less heavily and became a powerful nation. [[Isildur]], the new [[Kings of Arnor|High King of Arnor]], perished only two years later in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], along with his three older sons. They were ambushed by an Orc task force operating near the River Anduin. In the course of Isildur's death, the Ring was lost in the depths of [[Anduin]]<ref name="Gladden"/>. Much was lost, but [[Sauron]] was suppressed-- for a while.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The [[War of the Last Alliance|entire venture]] of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] was combined into a short silhouette play, in which [[Isildur]] cut the [[The One Ring|Ring]] off [[Sauron]]'s hand in battle - not when Sauron was already conquered.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:This film also compresses the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], the Siege, and the final duel into one, and places them all at [[Mount Doom]], in a prologue similar to that of the 1978 film. The main perspective of the entire prologue - ''One Ring to rule them All'' - lies with [[Elrond]]. The death of [[Gil-galad]] is not mentioned, [[Anárion]] is cut completely, and the deaths of [[Elendil]] and Sauron are rewritten: after coming forth, Sauron wreaks havoc among the [[Elves]] and [[Men]], and a blow from his mace throws Elendil against the mountainside, killing him. Isildur tries to take up [[Narsil]], but it breaks as Sauron steps on it. In a desperate strike, Isildur slashes the Ring, and four fingers, from Sauron's hand. Sauron's body sends a shockwave over the land and dissolves into nothingness.

:In a later scene, named ''[[The Fate of the Ring]]'', Elrond tells [[Gandalf]] of the final debate with Isildur, inside Mount Doom. [[Círdan]] is not present, and Isildur refuses by simply saying "No".

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':''''
:The war serves as the setting for the tutorial. The player controls Isildur making his way through Mordor.

{{References}}

[[Category:Second Age]]
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[Category:Wars]]

[[fr:encyclo/evenements/2a/guerres/guerre_de_la_derniere_alliance]]

Last Alliance of Elves and Men

2016-06-04T04:51:57Z

Eldorion: Undo revision 288134 by 115.133.205.157 (talk)

'''The Last Alliance of Elves and Men''' was formed in {{SA|3430|n}} of the [[Second Age]] in response to the threat of conquest by the Dark Lord [[Sauron]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref>

==History==
Sauron had been contending with the [[Elves]] for mastery of Middle-earth for over 1200 years. Fearing the establishment of the powerful kingdoms in exile — [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] — by his hated enemies, the [[Dúnedain]], Sauron launched a pre-emptive attack on Gondor in {{SA|3429}}.<ref name=SA/>

In response, [[Elendil]], High King of the Dúnedain, formed an alliance with [[Gil-galad]], the [[High King of the Noldor]], to repel Sauron's assault. [[Durin's Folk]] also aided Elendil and Gil-galad. It is said that Elendil bound the Alliance with an oath and invoked the name of [[Eru]] to witness it.<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> Eru's name was very rarely invoked in oaths, and among the [[Númenóreans]] it was held that only the King could call upon Him. This would happen again only thousands of years later during the [[Oath of Cirion]].<ref name=Cirion/>

The hosts of Gil-galad and Elendil met at [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] and marched towards Imladris where they camped for three years, forging armour and making plans whilst [[Anárion]], Elendil's younger son, defended [[Osgiliath]] against the hosts of [[Mordor]].

The armies crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] at various locations and their forces were strengthened in the vale of [[Anduin]] by Elves from [[Lothlórien]] and [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] under the command of [[Oropher]] and [[Amdír]] and by the Dwarves of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].

In {{SA|3434}} they defeated Sauron's army in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], breached the [[Morannon]] into [[Mordor]], and besieged the Dark Lord's fortress of [[Barad-dûr]]. The siege lasted for seven years, during which [[Anárion]] was slain. It culminated in Sauron leaving his fortress and engaging in direct combat. There were three objectives to this war; to unmake [[the One Ring]], to destroy [[Sauron]], and to destroy the foundation of the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]].<ref name=SA/>

Sauron was felled by Gil-galad and Elendil, who both perished in the assault themselves. Elendil broke his sword [[Narsil]] as he fell. Using the hilt-shard of the sword, Isildur cut the Ring from Sauron's finger.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref> Bereft of the power of the One Ring, Sauron's spirit dissipated and would not take form again in Middle-earth for a thousand years.

With the victory over Sauron, and the death of Gil-galad and Elendil, the Last Alliance was dissolved. The remaining Númenóreans resettled their kingdoms.
{{references}}
[[Category:Armies]]

==See also==
* '''[[War of the Last Alliance]]''' (Military information)

[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[de:Letztes Bündnis]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:2a:derniere_alliance_des_elfes_et_des_hommes]]
[[fi:Haltioiden ja Ihmisten Viimeinen Liitto]]

Battle of Dagorlad

2016-06-04T04:51:30Z

Eldorion: Undo revision 288135 by 115.133.205.157 (talk)

{{disambig-more|Battle of Dagorlad|[[Battle of Dagorlad (disambiguation)]]}}
{{battle
|image=
|name=Battle of Dagorlad
|conflict=[[War of the Last Alliance]]
|date={{SA|3434}}
|place=The plains of Dagorlad outside Mordor
|result=Decisive victory for the Allies
|side1=Men, Elves, and Dwarves
|side2=Orcs, Easterlings, Southrons, Trolls, and other creatures and servants of Sauron
|commanders1=
{{Gil-galad blazon}}
*[[Elendil]]
*[[Elrond]]
*[[Oropher]] †
*[[Amdír]] †
|commanders2= {{Sauron blazon}}
|forces1=Hundreds of thousands of Men, Elves, and Dwarves
|forces2=Hundreds of thousands of Orcs, Fallen Men, and other evil creatures
|casual1=Many thousands
|casual2=Vast numbers, more than the allies|
}}
{{quote|It was a great battle. Tall Men with long swords, and terrible Elves, and Orcses shrieking. They fought on the plain for days and months at the Black Gates.|[[Gollum]]<ref name=Passage/>}}
The '''Battle of Dagorlad''' occurred in the year {{SA|3434|n}} of the [[Second Age]]. It was fought between the army of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] under [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]] and an army of [[Orcs]] and other creatures loyal to [[Sauron]]. The battle took place on the great, treeless, open plain between the [[Dead Marshes]] and [[Cirith Gorgor]].

== History ==
===Prelude===
{{main|War of the Last Alliance}}
The united host of Elves and Men crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] and marched south through the vale of [[Anduin]], where they were joined by the [[Silvan Elves]] led by [[Amdír]]<ref group=note>In the text in the [[Unfinished Tales]] Amdír is named [[Malgalad]].</ref> and [[Oropher]],<ref name="Silvan Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref> with a host from [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

The Alliance entered the vast plain near the [[Black Gate]], where they were joined by Anárion's forces from the south, and confronted at last the black legions of Mordor.

The Silvan Elves had little sympathy for the [[Sindar]] and [[Noldor]] that were led by Gil-galad. As a result they were indisposed to place themselves under the supreme command of the [[High King of the Noldor]].
===The Battle===
During preliminary skirmishing, the Silvan Elves defying Gil-galad's command, rashly charged against the numerous host of Mordor, before the King had given the order. The Silvans were valiant and doughty, but ill-equipped compared to their nobler kin. [[Oropher]] perished in the first onslaught while [[Amdír]] and his troops were cut off and driven into the marshes where half of his host perished.<ref name="Silvan Princes"/> This area became known afterwards as the [[Dead Marshes]], because of the thousands of bodies buried there. This battle raged for months.<ref name=Passage>{{TT|IV2}}</ref>

Elendil and Gil-galad eventually gained the upper hand. Thus Elves and Númenóreans finally pushed the enemy hordes back towards the [[Black Gate]] and broke through [[Cirith Gorgor]].<ref name="Rings"/>

===Aftermath===
A great part of Sauron's soldiers was slain in this battle. The Alliance was able to enter Mordor, establish a camp upon the [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] and lay the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] itself. Nevertheless Sauron still had enough supplies to defend the fortress for seven more years, until the siege was so pressing that he himself came forth, which led to the battle on the slopes of Orodruin in which Sauron was defeated and [[the One Ring]] taken from him.<ref name="Rings"/>

Oropher's son [[Thranduil]] survived the war and established his reign over the Silvan Elves in the [[Woodland Realm]].

The slain were buried and their graves eventually were engulfed by the [[Dead Marshes]].<ref name=Passage/>

In the [[Third Age]], the Dagorlad was the site of several battles between [[Gondor]] and various [[Easterlings|Easterling]] armies, and the climatic [[Battle of the Morannon]].

{{references|notes}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[de:Schlacht auf der Dagorlad]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:2a:guerres:bataille_de_dagorlad]]
[[fi:Dagorladin taistelu]]

Siege of Barad-dûr

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{{battle
| image=[[File:Abe Papakhian - I Behold (colour).jpg|300px]]
| name= Siege of Barad-dûr
| conflict= [[War of the Last Alliance]]
| date= {{SA|3434}} - {{SA|3441}}
| result=Last Alliance victory, disembodiment of [[Sauron]]
| place= [[Barad-dûr]], [[Mount Doom]], [[Mordor]]
| side1=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance forces]]
| side2=Forces of [[Sauron]]
| commanders1=
{{Gil-galad blazon|died}}
* [[Elendil]]†
* [[Isildur]]
* [[Anárion]]†
* [[Thranduil]]
| commanders2= {{Sauron blazon}}
| forces1=Over 100,000 [[Elves]], [[Númenóreans|Men]], and [[Durin's Folk|Dwarves]]
| forces2=10,000-20,000 [[Orcs]], [[Haradrim|Southrons]], [[Easterlings]]
| casual1=Severe
| casual2=Entire force slain or captured
|}}

The '''Siege of Barad-dûr''' was the armed conflict that would end the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the [[Second Age]]. It was the direct result of the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], where passage into [[Mordor]] was won by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] at heavy cost.

== History ==
===The Siege===
In {{SA|3434}} the Last Alliance entered [[Mordor]]. The Orcs that survived the slaughter at Dagorlad were surrounded in Barad-dûr, Sauron's dark stronghold. There, the forces of [[Gil-galad]], [[Elendil]] and [[Thranduil]] laid siege to the tower, but could not breach its gates.

Sauron put together a strong defence with a seemingly unexhaustible supply of projectile and sorties throughout seven years, during which the Allies suffered heavy casualties. In {{SA|3440}}, Anárion's helmet was crushed by a thrown rock resulting in his death.

[[Second Age 3441|A year later]], however, Sauron went out with a sortie himself, and broke the leaguer. He came to [[Mount Doom]], where the two kings, Gil-galad and Elendil, fought with him in single combat. Sauron struck down Elendil, and his sword [[Narsil]] broke in two beneath him as he fell. [[Gil-galad]]'s face was scorched by the heat of Sauron's hand, killing him. Nonetheless Sauron was wounded in the fight with the two kings, and as he let his guard down, Isildur took up the broken hilt of his father's blade and hewed off Sauron's ring finger, defeating him.

=== Aftermath ===
The battle marked the (temporary) passing of Sauron, and the beginning of the [[Third Age]]. Gil-galad's heralds [[Círdan]] and [[Elrond]] advised Isildur to destroy the Ring by throwing it in the fires of Mount Doom. But instead Isildur replied: ''This I will have as weregild for my father's death, and my brother's. Was it not I who dealt the Enemy his death-blow?''<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

Gondor prospered, and built fortresses on all the entrances to Mordor: the [[Morannon]], [[Durthang]] and the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]]. Isildur wrote an account of the battle, describing his father and Gil-galad's duel with Sauron in detail and the lengthy siege itself.

With the death of Gil-galad, the [[Noldor]] were without a King as he left no heir. Elrond and Círdan returned to [[Lindon]]. Relations between Elves and Men worsened due to the deaths of Gil-galad and Elendil, and also Isildur's taking of the ring. The Last Alliance as it came to be known, would be the last time Elves would go to open war in Middle-earth ever again. The relationship between Men and Elves wouldn't be as close as they were in the first and second ages and never wholly repaired because the Elves were leaving Middle-earth for Aman.

Isildur remained in [[Minas Tirith]] some time<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>. When he did return North, he and his sons were [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|ambushed]]. The Ring was lost in the tumult.<ref>{{UT|Disaster}}</ref>

Since the Ring was not unmade, Sauron was not completely destroyed: his spirit was able to live on. In the Third Age, he reassumed physical shape, and regained most of his old realm and allies. Ever after Sauron hunted for the Ring, dispatching his servants across Middle-earth to locate it. The Ring would come to be known as [[Isildur's Bane]], as its corruption afflicted him. Ultimately Sauron's Orcs ambushed Isildur years later at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], in which Isildur and his retinue were slain and the Ring was lost.

{{references}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the Second Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]

[[de:Belagerung von Barad-dûr]]

Moria

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{{sources}}
{{disambig-more|Moria|[[Moria (disambiguation)]]}}
{{disambig-more|The Mines of Moria|[[The Mines of Moria (disambiguation)]]}}
{{kingdom
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Moria.jpg|250px]]
| name=Moria
| pronun=
| othernames=Khazad-dûm ([[Khuzdul|K]]), Hadhodrond ([[Sindarin|S]]), Dwarrowdelf
| location=Middle of the [[Misty Mountains]], beneath [[Celebdil]], [[Caradhras]] and [[Fanuidhol]]
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Durin's Folk]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| govern1=[[King of Khazad-dûm]] (to {{TA|1981}})
| govern2=[[Lord of Moria]] ({{TA|2989}}-{{TA|2994|n}})
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=
| event1=Founded by [[Durin]]
| event1date=[[First Age]]
| event2=Abandoned
| event2date={{TA|1981}}
| event3=Reclaimed by [[Balin]]
| event3date={{TA|2989}}
| event4=Defeated
| event4date={{TA|2994}}
| event5=Restored by [[Durin VII]]
| event5date=[[Fourth Age]]
| followedby=[[Lonely Mountain]]
}}
{{quote|Greatest of all the mansions of the Dwarves was Khazad-dûm, the Dwarrowdelf, Hadhodrond in the Elvish tongue, that was afterwards in the days of its darkness called Moria.|[[Of the Sindar]]}}
'''Khazad-dûm''' (also known as ''[[Khazad-dûm#Names|Hadhodrond]]'', ''[[Khazad-dûm#Names|Casarrondo]]'' and ''[[Khazad-dûm#Names|Phurunargian]]'', which translate as ''[[Khazad-dûm#Names|Dwarrowdelf]]''), latterly known as '''Moria''' (''The Black Chasm'', ''The Black Pit''), was the grandest and most famous of the mansions of the [[Dwarves]]. There, for many thousands of years, a thriving [[Dwarf realms|Dwarvish community]] created the greatest city ever known.

It lay in the central parts of the [[Misty Mountains]], tunnelled and carved through the living rock of the mountains themselves. By the [[Second Age]] a traveler could pass through it from the west of the range to the east.
== History ==
===Foundation===
It was founded in very ancient days by [[Durin]], who awoke at [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] in the [[Misty Mountains]]. He came upon the valley [[Azanulbizar]] beneath the mountains. He looked into a shimmering lake and saw a [[Durin's Crown|crown of stars]] reflected in its waters. He named that lake [[Kheled-zâram]], the [[Mirrormere]] and it remained a revered place among Dwarves of all houses ever afterwards, and the [[Durin's Stone]] was erected on the location of that event.<ref>{{FR|Lothlorien}}</ref>

There, in the caves above, Durin and [[Longbeards|his people]] started the delving and building of the [[Great Gates]] of Khazad-dûm, and the [[First Hall]] leading to a [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm|bridge over a chasm]]. From there began the expansion, both to ''Levels'' above and to ''Deeps'' below, and mines expanding out from the inhabited areas of the city proper.

===First Age===
Durin the Deathless thus became King Durin I of Khazad-dûm and ruled for many years until he was named "Durin the Deathless" until he died during the [[First Age]]. Afterwards, other rulers of Khazad-dûm were sometimes named Durin, as they were considered to be his reincarnations, who the dwarves believed came to live again among his people.<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

As the centuries passed, the descendants of Durin sat upon the throne of Khazad-dûm, and their cavernous city, that was the greatest of all their mansions, and became famous even to the distant west; the [[Elves]] of [[Beleriand]], heard its rumour from the [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains|Dwarves]] of the [[Blue Mountains]] on their borders.<ref>{{s|10}}</ref>

===Second Age===
{{quote|After the end of the [[First Age]] the power and wealth of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] was much increased; for it was enriched by many people and much lore and craft. . .|[[Appendix A]]}}
[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Doors of Durin.jpg|thumb|right|Doors of Durin]]

In c. 40 of the Second Age after Beleriand was destroyed by the [[War of Wrath]], most of the Dwarves of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] began leaving en masse from their now ruined cities for Khazad-dûm. The city was enriched not just in numbers, but in the western Houses' skills in smithing, crafting and masonry. All these factors created a renaissance for Khazad-dûm, and brought its prosperity to its zenith.

Also fleeing the destruction, the [[Noldor]] founded a country of their own by the western gate of Khazad-dûm, [[Eregion]]. A rare friendship sprang up between the Dwarves and the Elves of this new land. By that time, Khazad-dûm had expanded so much that it completely traversed the Mountains from east to west, ending to the western rocky cliffs at their base, the [[Walls of Moria]].<ref>{{FR|II4}}</ref> [[Narvi]] with Eregion's ruler, [[Celebrimbor]], constructed the magical [[Doors of Durin|West-gate of Moria]], and indeed Celebrimbor went so far as to present King [[Durin III]] with an Elven [[Rings of Power|Ring of Power]].<ref name="Durin"/>

The friendship of Khazad-dûm and Eregion came to a sudden end, however, in {{SA|1697}}. [[Sauron]] [[Sack of Eregion|overran]] the country of the Elves, and despite the best efforts of the Dwarves to help them, he succeeded in destroying Eregion and driving away the survivors. Durin sent a great force of Dwarves to protect the Doors of Durin, but with the the Elves dead or fleeing far away his warriors withdrew and the gates to the city were shut against Sauron, also secluding the kingdom off from the outside world.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

It was also during this time that the Orcs reinvaded the mountains and made war on the Dwarves, [[First Sacking of Gundabad|taking]] [[Gundabad|Mount Gundabad]] from the Kingdom of Durin.

Their seclusion was broken for a time with the beginning of the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. The Dwarves of Moria fought alongside the Elves and Men in their campaign to defeat Sauron for the last time.<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> With the conclusion of the war the Dwarves went back to their country, and resumed their seclusion from the world.

===Third Age===

During this time Khazad-dûm further expanded its treasures, but despite this its numbers began to dwindle. Most of its great wealth was based on the ''[[Mithril]]'' that was found in its mines, and as the centuries passed, the Dwarves mined deeper and deeper for the precious metal. In the year {{TA|1980}}, they dug too deep, and unleashed a nameless terror from the depths beneath the city. The creature wreaked dreadful destruction, and in slaying the King, [[Durin VI]], became known as [[Durin's Bane]]. In the following year, Durin's son, [[Náin I]], was also lost, and the Dwarves fled their ancient home.

After millennia as one of the richest cities in [[Middle-earth]], Khazad-dûm stood dark and empty, but for the brooding menace the Dwarves had released. In that time it was given a new name, [[Moria]], the '''Black Pit'''.

The monster - a Balrog of [[Morgoth]], as was later known - lurked alone in Moria for nearly five hundred years. After that time, the old city of Khazad-dûm began to be peopled again, but not by Dwarves. Orcs from the North began to enter the abandoned city to raid its treasuries, and occupy it. They also began to worship the Balrog as their deity. Soon afterwards, Sauron directed his creatures there, and Moria began to fill with Orcs and Trolls from [[Mordor]]. Though the orcs' numbers were greatly reduced in the [[Battle of Azanulbizar|Battle of Nanduhirion]], fought in the valley beneath Moria's [[Great Gates|East-gate]] in {{TA|2799|n}}, the Balrog could not be bested, and Khazad-dûm remained a place of darkness.

At some point between {{TA|2845|n}} and {{TA|2950|n}} the [[Wizards|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]] entered the city looking for King Thráin II who had disappeared on journey to Erebor.<ref name=journey>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>

====Balin's expedition====
In {{TA|2989|n}}, there was an attempt by the Longbeards to reclaim their ancient home. The [[Balin's Colony|expedition]] was led by [[Balin]], who had accompanied [[Bilbo Baggins]] on the [[Quest of Erebor]]. He led a [[Balin's Colony|colony]] of Dwarves there from [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]. The Colony was successful at first, killing a considerable number of Orcs, taking many of the Eastern halls and finding many lost treasures such as [[Durin's Axe]]. They were however defeated and slain by the Orcs in {{TA|2994|n}}.

Possibly at some point after this [[Aragorn]] Chieftain of the Dúnedain entered Moria for some unknown purpose.

====The Fellowship's passage====
When [[Frodo Baggins]] set out from [[Rivendell]] with the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]], they at first planned to travel over the Misty Mountains. When they were stopped by heavy snow on [[Caradhras|Mount Caradhras]], they found themselves pursued by wolves and Orcs, and fled into Moria, so as to go under the mountains. There, they found Balin's journal in the [[Book of Mazarbul]] and learned the fate of his expedition. They were then set upon by a host of [[Trolls]] and Orcs, and they discovered that the terror was, in fact, a [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Morgoth]]. Gandalf fought the Balrog on a narrow bridge and succeeded in destroying a section of bridge to make the Balrog fall. As it fell, the Balrog snagged Gandalf's leg with its whip of thongs and pulled him after it, sending them both plunging into the abyss spanned by the bridge. The rest of the Fellowship managed to escape Moria and reach [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] mostly unharmed.

Unknown to the Fellowship, both Gandalf and the Balrog survived the fall and fought a ferocious battle from the depths of Moria to the mountains above, demolishing the top of the legendary [[Endless Stair]] and a part of the surrounding mountain peak in the process. Gandalf cast down the Balrog upon the mountainside and lived just long enough to see it die, but his story was not yet ended.

While Gandalf had felled the Balrog, Moria remained a place of evil creatures until the Fourth Age.<ref>{{SD|XI2}}, p. 122</ref>

====Retaking and Reign of Durin VII====
Though little information is given, the retaking of Khazad-dûm by [[Durin VII]] seems to have occurred during the [[Fourth Age]]. He became [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]], and led a final return to the city. He was successful, and long after the War of the Ring, the Dwarves of Durin's line reclaimed their inheritance, and the hammers rang again in their great halls beneath the Misty Mountains until the race of Dwarves ended.

==Layout==
Khazad-dûm was a huge array of chambers, passages, mines, halls, stores and pits. In general, areas were either classed as ''mines'' or ''city''. The mines were working sections of Khazad-dûm whilst the city was the area of habitation.

The city areas of Khazad-dûm were clustered primarily to the east; these were the oldest parts of the kingdom and had access to the [[Great Gates]]. They were structured into seven Levels and seven Deeps. The Levels stretched above the gate whilst the Deeps were set deeper within the mountain below the level of the East-gate. It is possible that the First Level (on which the Great Gates were set) and the First Deep were highly intertwined.

The eastern section of the city spaces had also been delved in such a manner as to have light shafts to illuminate their chambers. One example of this is the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]] which was located on the eastern edge of the [[Seventh Level]].

The mine areas of Khazad-dûm were interlaced with the city spaces, but spread also westward toward the [[Doors of Durin]]. The mines ran deeper and further than any other tunnels within Khazad-dûm, and it is possible that more of the lower Deeps were given over to mining, although this is only conjecture.

The defined change between ''mines'' and ''city'' can be seen when the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]] pass through Moria - there is a marked difference between the early passages and chambers and those of the city structures illuminated by Gandalf.

Far below Moria, there are abysses, spaces and tunnels not known even by the Dwarves, but known by the Balrog. [[Nameless Things|Unknown beings]] gnaw the earth and make them, far from the knowledge of any lore.

==Etymology==

The name ''Moria'' is composed of the [[Sindarin]] elements ''[[mor]]'' "black, dark" and ''[[iâ]]'' "void, abyss".<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''mor'' and ''iâ''</ref><ref>{{L|297}}, pp. 382-3</ref> Khazad-dûm was so called in [[Sindarin]] by the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]], as for them it was but a "Dark Chasm". Although the Dwarves considered it a derogatory name, [[Celebrimbor]] went as far as to write the name "Moria" on the [[West-gate of Moria|West-gate]].{{fact}}

==Names==

The name ''Khazad-dûm'' in [[Khuzdul]] means "Dwarves' Mansion(s)". ''Khazâd'' being the plural of ''[[khuzd]]'' "Dwarves" while ''[[dûm]]'' (or possibly rather ''tûm'') a word for "excavation(s), hall(s), mansion(s)" (it is not clear if the second word is in singular or plural form).

The Elves translated it as '''''Casarrondo''''' ([[Quenya]], name given by the [[Noldor]])<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389,</ref> or '''''Hadhodrond''''' ([[Sindarin]]). The word ''Hadhodrond'' is composed of the elements ''[[hadhod]]'' (an attempt by the Elves to render ''[[Khazâd]]'', (the Dwarves' name for their own kind, into Elvish sounds) + ''[[rond]]'' ("cavern").{{fact}}

'''''Phurunargian''''' meaning "'''Dwarrowdelf'''" or "Dwarf-delving" was the [[Westron]] name for Khazad-dûm.<ref name=AppF2>{{App|F2}}</ref><ref name=PEPhurunargian/> The word derives from the [[Sundocarme|root]] PHUR ("to delve") and ''[[narak|narg-]]'' ("dwarf").<ref name=PEPhurunargian>{{PE|17}}, pp. 35, 137</ref> [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] noted that the form ''Phurunargian'' was "archaic" Westron although he did not mention the elements that make it archaic (over a possible vernacular form).<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 769</ref><ref name=AppF2/>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Moria is portrayed prominently in the Theatrical Edition, while Extended Edition gives it even more attention - notably, Mithril is introduced to the audience properly.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:During the Moria levels the player for the most part controls Gandalf, only once is focus switched to Frodo instead.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:The entire journey through Moria takes place in one level, which can be completed in several minutes. The iconic location are portrayed immediately next to each other and in the end, Gandalf defeats the Balrog and continues journey with the Fellowship.

'''2008: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria]]'':'''
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Moria map.jpg|thumb|Map of Moria from ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''.]]
:''Mines of Moria'' was the first major expansion of the game, released in November 2008. Almost the entirety of Moria is present in the game, with players able to freely journey from the West Gate to the East Gate and from the Cliffs of Zirakzigil to the very Foundations of Stone where nameless things dwell.

:Moria is divided into several major sub-areas, depicted on the map to the right. '''The Great Delving''' lies directly next to the West Gate and links ancient Dwarven mines to palaces, academies and foundries founded during Khazad-dum's glory days. '''Durin's Way''' is the area, where, according to legend, Durin himself first braved the mines before bringing his folk in there. '''Zelem-Melek''' is home to both numerous [[Orcs|Orc]] encampments and the famed [[Twenty-first Hall]]. '''Silvertine Lodes''' refers to the mining area located directly under [[Celebdil|Silvertine]], much like the '''Redhorn Lodes''' are the mining area under the peaks of [[Caradhras#The Redhorn Gate|Redhorn]]. '''The Water-Works''' hosts both a large underground lake and ancient Dwarven gears, wheels and devices that delivered the fresh water throughout the whole kingdom once. '''The Flaming Deeps''' is an area that reeks with fire and where few could survive for long - it appears that [[Durin's Bane]] resided there following his reawakening. '''Nud-Melek''' mostly consists of the [[Second Hall]] and the [[First Hall]]. The '''Foundations of Stone''' are located below the deepest delving of the Dwarves; no light has ever shined there and, as Gandalf recounted, nameless creatures older than the world gnaw at the roots of the mountains.

:Surprisingly for those seeing it for the first time, Moria in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' is very much inhabited. In an original storyline by Turbine, Dwarves from the [[Iron Hills]] sent by [[Dáin Ironfoot]] arrive in Moria shortly after the Fellowship to learn the fate of [[Balin]]'s expedition. With Durin's Bane recently gone, the Orcs and Goblins of Moria are in great disarray, which allows the Dwarves to move in and establish encampments at all major crossroads. Fresh supplies are coming from both East and West gates, preventing the Iron Hill Garrison from being cut off like Balin was. However, the developers noted that they aware that Moria wasn't re-colonized until the [[Fourth Age]] in [[canon]], meaning that at some point in the future of the game the Iron Garrison may be forced to leave the mines.

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''
:Several levels of both good and evil campaigns take place in Moria.

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Moria|Images of Moria]]

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
{{durinskings}}
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Moria]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]
[[de:Khazad-dûm]]
[[fi:Moria]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/monts_brumeux/khazad-dum]]

Dwarves

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{{sources}}
{{race infobox
| name=Dwarves
| image=[[File:Alarie - A bunch of dwarves.jpg|250px]]
| caption="A bunch of dwarves" by [[:Category:Images by Alarie|Alarie]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Naugrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nogothrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]).''[[Khazâd]]'' ([[Khuzdul|K]]), ''[[Hadhod]]rim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''[[Casar]]i'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| origin=Created by [[Aulë]]
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], [[Belegost]], [[Nogrod]], [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Orocarni]], [[Glittering Caves]], [[Grey Mountains]], [[Blue Mountains]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=[[Elves]], [[Orcs]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]] ([[Dwarvish]]), [[Iglishmêk]] (sign language), [[Westron]]
| people='''Clans:''' [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]], [[Firebeards]], [[Broadbeams]], [[Ironfists]], [[Stiffbeards]], [[Blacklocks]], [[Stonefoots]], [[Petty-dwarves]] '''Groups:''' [[Dwarves of Belegost|Belegost Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Erebor|Erebor Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm|Khazad-dûm Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of Nogrod|Nogrod Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains|Blue Mountain Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains|Grey Mountain Dwarves]], [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills|Iron Hill Dwarves]]
| members=[[Durin]], [[Gimli]], [[Thorin]], [[Dáin Ironfoot]], [[Azaghâl]], [[Mîm]], [[Balin]]
| lifespan=c. 250 years
| distinctions=Stocky; bearded; never bald; especially hardy and loyal; notoriously stubborn
| height=
| hair=Blond, brown, black, blue, red, and (when older) grey or white
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=Often axes
}}
{{quote|Since they were to come in the days of the power of [[Morgoth|Melkor]], [[Aulë]] made the dwarves strong to endure. Therefore they are stone-hard, stubborn, fast in friendship and in enmity, and they suffer toil and hunger and hurt of body more hardily than all other speaking peoples; and they live long, far beyond the span of Men, yet not forever.|[[The Silmarillion]], "[[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]"}}
The '''Dwarves''', or '''''[[Khuzd|Khazâd]]''''' in their own tongue, were beings of short stature, often friendly with [[Hobbits]] although long suspicious of [[Elves]]. They were typically blacksmiths and stoneworkers by profession, unrivaled in some of their arts even by the Elves.

While there were several tribes (Houses) of the Dwarves, the most prominent was that of the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]].

==History==
===Origin===
Unlike Elves and [[Men]], the Dwarves are not counted among the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Their creator was [[Aulë#Names and etymology|Mahal]], known as [[Aulë]] the Smith. Aulë created the Seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], from whom all other Dwarves are descended, deep beneath an unknown mountain somewhere in [[Middle-earth]]. However, Aulë did not have the divine power to grant independent life to any creation, and the dwarves were bound to his will. [[Ilúvatar]] came and reprimanded Aulë, who confessed his desire to create more living things, but in repentance lifted his hammer to destroy the dwarves. Even as the blow was about to land, the dwarves cowered and begged for mercy, as Ilúvatar had taken pity and given true life to the creations of his child, including them in His plan for [[Arda]]. However, Ilúvatar did not wish them to wake before the [[Elves]], whom he intended to be the first-born. Ilúvatar granted the Dwarves life, and therefore they are known as the Adopted Children of Ilúvatar, but he bade Aulë lay them to sleep in their chamber deep beneath the mountain, and they were to awake after the [[Awakening of the Elves]].<ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

[[File:BFME2 - Dwarf 4.jpg|thumb||Dwarves as portrayed in [[The Battle for Middle-earth II]] game.]]
The Seven Fathers awoke in their places in pairs with their wives, though [[Durin|Durin I]] had awoken alone. The seven different groups of Dwarf-folk originated in the locations where the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves first awoke.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}</ref><ref>{{PM|X}}</ref>

The seven clans of the Dwarves were:

* [[Longbeards]], Durin's Folk, originally from [[Gundabad]].
* [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]], originally from [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]].
* [[Ironfists]] and [[Stiffbeards]], originated in the [[Orocarni]] in the far East.
* [[Blacklocks]] and [[Stonefoots]], originated in the Orocarni.

Durin settled in the caves above [[Kheled-zâram]] which later became the greatest of Dwarf realms, [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. Therefore the halls of the Longbeards were not located near the halls of another Dwarf-kingdom.

There was also an eighth group of Dwarves that was not a separate member from these seven kindreds, but composed of exiles from each: the [[Petty-dwarves]], who were hunted like animals to the point of extinction by the [[Elves]] in the First Age.

===First Age===
The Dwarves for many years did not know any other folk, until Firebeards and Broadbeams had their first meeting with the [[Elves]] in [[Beleriand]] in the year {{YT|1250|n}} of the [[Years of the Trees]]. From that time on there was friendship between the [[Sindar]] and the Dwarves, and they began exchanging knowledge and creating ring-mails and many other works; the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] were unmatched in Middle-earth in smithing. They delved the caves of [[Menegroth]], and adopted the [[cirth|writing]] of [[Daeron]]. It was the Dwarves who told the Sindar about [[Orcs]] attacking their Elven kin on the other side of the mountains, which prompted King [[Thingol]] to begin a build up of arms which the Dwarves made for him.

Later on a great army of Orcs attacked the Elves, but in the [[First Battle of Beleriand]] were defeated and fled. Those that got away ran south right into an army of Dwarves who issued from Mount Dolmed and destroyed them.

After the [[Return of the Noldor]], [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] desired to settle himself in the [[Caves of Narog]] and the Dwarves of the Ered Luin aided him and gave him the dwarven name ''Felak-gundu'' (''[[Felagund]]''). They eventually made for him the [[Nauglamír]]. This necklace without equal contained one of the [[Silmarils]], and sparked jealousy and conflicts over its true ownership. These initial conflicts receded by the beginning of the Second Age, but were rekindled to a new intensity by the discord sown by [[Sauron]]. They eventually created a rivalry and mistrust between Elves and Dwarves that endured to the end of the Third Age, when [[Gimli]] the Dwarf bridged the distance between the two races by developing a deep admiration for lady [[Galadriel]] and forming a strong friendship with [[Legolas]] the Elf.

Things finally came to a head between the forces of Morgoth and the Elves, Men, and Dwarves in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. The Dwarves fought for the [[Union of Maedhros]]

In early [[Second Age]] most of the [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]] houses migrated to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] from their cities in the [[Blue Mountains]] which were ruined during the sinking of Beleriand.

===Second Age===
The Dwarves had little participation in most of the important events involving the other races. However their friendship with the Elves perhaps became more close than ever; the Dwarves of [[Moria]] maintained close connections to the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] of [[Eregion]]; the [[Doors of Durin]] of Moria were built to facilitate the communication between the two people, and was constructed jointly by both races.

When Eregion was sacked by [[Sauron]]'s forces, the Dwarves assailed them from behind however it was too late to stop him from conquering all [[Eriador]].<ref name="UTGalad">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>
[[File:Liz Danforth - Annatar and the Seven Rings.png|thumb|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Annatar and the seven rings'']]
When "[[Annatar]]" distributed the Rings of Power, he gave [[seven Rings|seven]] to Dwarf Lords in order to subdue and control them. However, they did not have the same effect as they did over Men. Dwarves did not shift into the [[wraith-world]] and in fact resisted domination. The Rings only augmented their greed and ability to create riches.

At the end of the Age, very few Dwarves participated in the [[War of the Last Alliance|great War]], with some joining the side of [[Sauron]]. Some of the [[Dwarves of Moria]] joined the great host of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===Third Age===

[[File:Angus McBride - Dwarves.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''The Dwarves are upon You!'']]
In [[Third Age 1980]], after centuries of greedy digging for ''[[mithril]]'' and other minerals, the Dwarves woke a [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] that was sleeping in the deeps of the Misty Mountains since the First Age. The Dwarves fled Khazad-dum, which from then on was called ''Moria'', which means "Black pit".

Most of Durin's folk left for the [[Grey Mountains]] in the North, while some followed the new king, [[Thráin I]], who briefly went to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] in {{TA|1999}}. For more than 300 years the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] prospered until the Dragons in the far North started to gain strength. Some fled to the [[Iron Hills]], while most followed the the new king [[Thrór]] to Erebor to start a new [[Kingdom under the Mountain]]. There, they prospered for over 200 years until the dragon [[Smaug]] descended in {{TA|2770}}. The King and his company went in exile South, while most of the survivors went to the Iron Hills.

Durin's folk settled in [[Dunland]], and in {{TA|2790}} King Thrór traveled North to Moria where he was killed by the [[Orcs|Goblin]] king [[Azog]]. Thrór's son [[Thráin|Thráin II]] (who had received the Last of the Seven Rings from his father before his departure) summoned all the Houses of Dwarves to war. Thus began the [[War of Dwarves and Orcs]], in which the Dwarves destroyed all the Goblin strongholds in the [[Misty Mountains]] culminating to the great [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] where all the dwarven clans united. The Goblin hosts issuing from Moria were strong and relentless until the arrival of fresh [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]. The Battle ended with the victory of Dwarves, but at great cost. The Dwarven clans however were unwilling to repopulate Moria. Thráin therefore came to the [[Blue Mountains]] and established his realm there.

[[File:Angelo Montanini - Dori.jpg|thumb|[[Angelo Montanini]] - ''Dori'']]
The Wizard [[Gandalf]] was instrumental into helping Thráin's son Thorin in reclaiming the Kingdom of Erebor. Thorin gathered around him [[Thorin and Company|twelve dwarves]], mostly from his own line, and was joined by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]. The [[Quest of Erebor]] ended with the death of [[Smaug]]. After a quarrel with the Men and Elves over the unguarded hoard, the Dwarves - assisted by those from the [[Iron Hills]] - united with the Men and Elves to fight the attacking Goblins and Wargs, in what was called the [[Battle of Five Armies]], where Thorin was killed.

[[Gimli]] son of Glóin joined the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] as a representative of the Dwarves and befriended [[Legolas]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

===Fourth Age===
Not much is known about the Dwarves in the [[Fourth Age]]. After the [[War of the Ring]], [[Gimli]] brought a part of Durin's Folk from Erebor to the Glittering Caves behind Helm's Deep and founded a colony there. Subsequently, Gimli went on many travels with his friend Legolas, and History lost track of their fate. Through their friendship and influence, the feud between the two races that had lasted for millennia finally ended, shortly before the departure of the last Elves from Middle-earth. It is rumored that Gimli and Legolas eventually boarded a ship that sailed down the river Anduin, out to sea and across to Valinor in the year {{FoA|120}}. Gimli would thus have become the only Dwarf to ever be permitted to cross to the Undying Lands.

[[Durin VII]] (the Last), retook Moria and brought Khazad-dûm back to its original splendor, and the Longbeards lived there till the "world grew old and the days of Durin's race ended".

==Nature==
The Dwarves were created by Aulë to be strong, resistant to fire and the evils of Morgoth. They were hardier than any other race, secretive, stubborn, and steadfast in enmity or loyalty.

Dwarves generally lived far from the sea and avoided getting on boats, as they disliked the sound of the ocean and were afraid of it.<ref name=S10>{{S|10}}</ref>

The lifespan of Dwarves was varied depending on their ancestry. The Longbeards were particularly long-lived, but by the Third Age their lifespan was diminished and they lived, on average, 250 years. Until they were around 30 years of age, Dwarves were considered too young for heavy labor or war (hence the slaying of Azog by [[Dain Ironfoot]] at age 32 was a great feat). By the age of 40, Dwarves were hardened into the appearance that they would keep for most of their lives. Between the approximate ages of 40 and 240, most Dwarves were equally hale and able to work and fight with vigor. They took on the appearance of age only about ten years before their death, wrinkling and greying rapidly, but never going bald. Occasionally they would live up to 300 years of age, and [[Dwalin]] reached the rare lifespan of 340 years (comparable to a Man living to 100). <ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

Sickness was almost unknown to the Dwarves, as they were immune to human diseases. Corpulence, however, could affect them. In prosperous circumstances, many grew fat by the age of 200 and became physically inept.<ref name=PMAiv>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

Despite being 4.5 - 5 feet (1.35 - 1.52 m) tall, they were known for their strength and endurance in battle, as well as their fury, particularly when avenging their fallen kin, and for being some of the greatest warriors in all of Middle-earth. They fought valiantly in many wars and battles over the Ages holding axes. In appearance their more distinctive characteristic was their beard which they have from the beginning of their lives, male and females alike; and which they shave only in shame.<ref>{{WJ|13}}</ref>

As creations of Aulë, they were attracted to the substances of Arda and crafts. They mined and worked precious metals throughout the mountains of Middle-earth, but had a tendency toward gold lust, and committed their share of rash and greedy acts. Among these was the dispute over the [[Nauglamír]], which led to the slaying of Elu [[Thingol]] and stirred up the initial suspicion between Elves and Dwarves to open hatred.<ref name=rings>

Dwarves are fiercely devoted to their children. In their desire for their children to grow up hardy and enduring, they may treat them harshly, but they will protect them at all costs. Dwarves resent injuries to their children and to their parents more than injuries to themselves.<ref name=PMAiv/>

The Dwarves' numbers, although they sometimes flourished, often faced periods of decline, especially in periods of war. The slow increase of their population was due to the rarity of [[Dwarf-women]], who made up only about a third of the total population. Dwarves seldom wedded before the age of ninety or more, and rarely had so many as four children. They took only one husband or wife in their lifetime, and were jealous, as in all matters of their rights. The number of Dwarf-men that married was actually less than a third, for not all the Dwarf-women took husbands; some desired none, some wanted one they could not have and would have no other. Many Dwarf-men did not desire marriage because they were absorbed in their work.<ref name=AppA3>{{App|A3}}</ref><ref name=PMAiv/>

Dwarf-women seldom walked abroad, and that only in great need. When they did travel, they were so alike Dwarf-men in voice, appearance, and garb that it was hard for other races to tell them apart. They were likewise seldom named in genealogies, joining their husbands' families. The only Dwarf-woman named in Tolkien's legendarium is [[Dís]], sister of Thorin Oakenshield, who was given a place in the records because of the gallant deaths of her sons, Fíli and Kíli. The scarcity of women, their rare mention, and their identical looks with the males, coupled with the Dwarves' secretive culture, led many to mistakenly believe that Dwarves were born out of stone, and upon death they returned to that stone.<ref name=AppA3/><ref name=PMAiv/>

They were generally less corruptible than Men. When Sauron attempted to enslave the Free Folk of Middle-earth using the [[Rings of Power]], the Elves completely resisted his power (indeed, his hand had never sullied the [[Three Rings]]), while the [[Nine Rings]] utterly corrupted the Men who bore them into the [[Ringwraiths]]. In contrast, the Dwarves were sturdy and resistant enough that Sauron was not able to dominate them using the [[Seven Rings]]. At most, the Seven Rings sowed strife among the Dwarves and filled their wearers with an insatiable greed for gold, but they did not turn them into wraiths subservient to the Dark Lord, and he considered his plan to have failed. Sauron was furious at the Dwarves' resistance, spurring his drive to recapture the Seven Rings from them.

==Religion==
The Dwarves loved and revered the Vala Aulë.<ref name=S10/><ref name=S2>{{S|2}}</ref>

Of old the Elves believed that the Dwarves would have no future in [[Arda Unmarred]], but the Dwarves themselves held to a promise that Ilúvatar would hallow them and adopt them as his Children. They maintained that after death Aulë (Mahal) cared for them, gathering them to the [[Halls of Mandos]] with the other Children of Ilúvatar, though in halls set apart. It is said that after the Last Battle they will work alongside Aulë in the remaking of Arda.<ref name=S2/>

==Language==
The Dwarven language was created by Aulë, and was called [[Khuzdul]]. It was a strange language to Elves and Men, and few non-Dwarves learned it, because it was difficult, and the Dwarves kept it secret, preferring to communicate in the languages of their neighbors. Only one Khuzdul phrase was well known to outsiders: the ancient battle cry, going back to at least the First Age: "''Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu!''", which means "Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!". The Dwarves taught Khuzdul carefully to their children, as a learned language, not a cradle-tongue, and thus the language changed very little over the ages, unlike those of other races.
The Dwarves also devised a secret language of gestures to communicate between themselves in silence, the ''[[iglishmêk]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Quendi}}, p. 395</ref>

==Names==
The Dwarves called themselves the ''[[Khazâd]]'', the name Aulë gave them; this is adapted as '''''[[Hadhod]]'''rim'' in [[Sindarin]], and '''''[[Casar]]'''i'' in [[Quenya]]. Casari was the common word for Dwarves among the [[Noldor]], but the [[Sindar]] usually called them ''Naugrim'' or ''Nogothrim'', the Stunted People.<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref>

An epithet for the Dwarves in [[Quenya]] was ''Auleonnar'', meaning "offspring of Aule".<ref>{{HM|PM}}, p. 391</ref>

In their dealings with people of other races, the Dwarves did not reveal their true names, rather adopting new names in other languages (the [[petty-dwarves]] were an exception). During the Third Age, the Longbeards used [[northern Mannish]] names in public.

==Inspiration==
Almost all the names of the Dwarves of Middle-earth are taken from the Old Norse [[Völuspá]].

According to Tolkien, the "real 'historical'" plural of ''dwarf'' is ''dwarrows'' or ''dwerrows''. He once referred to ''dwarves'' as "a piece of private bad grammar" (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|Letters]]'', 17), but in Appendix F to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' he explains that if we still spoke of ''dwarves'' regularly, English might have retained a special plural for the word ''dwarf'' as with ''man''. The form ''dwarrow'' only appears in the word ''Dwarrowdelf'', a name for [[Moria]]. Tolkien used ''Dwarves'', instead, which corresponds with ''Elf'' and ''Elves'', making its meaning more apparent. The use of a different term also serves to set Tolkien's Dwarves apart from the similarly-named creatures in mythology and fairy-tales.

The enduring popularity of Tolkien's books, especially ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]],'' has led to the popular use of the term ''dwarves'' to describe this race in fantasy literature. Before Tolkien, the term ''dwarfs'' (with a different spelling) was used, as seen in ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs''. In fact, the latter spelling was so common that the original editor of ''The Lord of the Rings'' "corrected" Tolkien's ''dwarves'' to ''dwarfs'' (''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', 138).

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's Middle-earth mythology (see: ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') the dwarves were evil beings created by [[Morgoth|Melkor]].

In an earlier version of the legendarium it is hinted that the Dwarves do not know about Ilúvatar, or that they disbelieve his existence, but later writings contradict that suggestion.<ref name="#">{{LT2|IV}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Dwarves|Images of Dwarves]]

==External links==

*"[http://lingwe.blogspot.se/2013/02/did-tolkien-coin-plural-dwarves.html Did Tolkien coin the plural “dwarves”?]" by [[Jason Fisher]]

{{references}}

{{Dwarvenclans}}

[[Category:Dwarves| ]]
[[Category:Races]]

[[de:Zwerge]]
[[fa:دورف]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/nains]]
[[fi:Kääpiöt]]

Durin's Folk

2016-06-04T04:50:15Z

Eldorion: Undo revision 288139 by 115.133.205.157 (talk)

{{people
| image=[[File:Warren Mahy - Longbeard king.jpg|250px]]
| name=The Longbeards
| dominions=[[Mount Gundabad]], [[Khazad-dûm]], [[Erebor]], [[Grey Mountains]], [[Iron Hills]], [[Blue Mountains]], [[Thorin's Halls]]
| languages=[[Khuzdul]], [[Westron]]
| height=
| length=
| skincolor=
| haircolor=
| feathers=
| distinctions=oldest of the Dwarven clans
| lifespan=
| members='''[[Durin]]''', [[Thorin]], [[Balin]], [[Dáin Ironfoot]], [[Gimli]]
}}
'''Durin's Folk''' were the '''Longbeards''' (''[[Sigin-tarâg]]'' in [[Khuzdul]]), one of the seven kindreds of [[Dwarves]] whose leaders were from the [[House of Durin]]. Their first king was named [[Durin]], who was one of the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==History==
===The [[First Age]]===
In the deeps of time the Fathers of the Dwarves awoke. Durin, who had slept alone at Mount [[Gundabad]],<ref name="Dwarves">{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> wandered south along the [[Misty Mountains]] until he came upon [[Azanulbizar]] and in the caves above [[Kheled-zâram]] he founded the city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], the home of Durin's Folk. Durin lived there so long he became known as Durin the Deathless, yet in the end he died before the end of the [[First Age]].<ref name="Durin"/>

When [[Men]] first migrated west into [[Rhovanion]] and [[Eriador]] they encountered Durin's Folk. The Longbeards were the wisest and most farseeing of the seven kindreds and began dealing with Men, establishing an economy in which Men chiefly provided food in exchange for Dwarven work in building, road-construction, mining, and the crafting of tools and weapons. During this period the Longbeards adopted the speech of Men, keeping their own language to themselves.<ref name="Dwarves"/>

===The [[Second Age]]===
At the end of the First Age during the [[War of Wrath]] and the breaking of [[Thangorodrim]] the ancient cities of [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]] in the [[Blue Mountains]] had been ruined. About the year {{SA|40|n}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> many Dwarves, with their great knowledge of craft and lore, left the destruction behind and came to Khazad-dûm, greatly increasing its wealth and power.<ref name="Durin"/>

In {{SA|750|n}}, the [[Noldor]] established a new realm in [[Eregion]]. Being close to Khazad-dûm they established a friendship with Durin's Folk unlike any before between [[Elves]] and [[Dwarves]]. Although both peoples were enriched, eventually the Elves succumbed to the seduction of [[Sauron]] and forged the [[Rings of Power]] (the forging of these Rings began about {{SA|1500|n}} and one was given to [[Durin III]] in Khazad-dûm<ref name="Durin"/>). In {{SA|1693|n}} the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] began. By {{SA|1697|n}}, Eregion was [[Sack of Eregion|destroyed]] and the Dwarves briefly fought the forces of Sauron outside their western gate. Leading to the gates of Khazad-dûm being shut.<ref name="SA"/>

During the Dark Years of Sauron's dominion Durin's Folk remained enclosed in Khazad-dûm, which was unassailable from without. Its wealth remained unravished but its people began to dwindle.<ref name="SA"/>

In the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] in {{SA|3434|n}} Durin's Folk sent forces to fight alongside the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], and likely through the end of the [[War of the Last Alliance]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>

===The [[Third Age]]===
During the reign of [[Durin VI]] the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm delved deeper and deeper for ''[[mithril]]'', which had become increasingly harder to find. In {{TA|1980|n}} however, they accidentally awoke a hidden [[Balrogs|Balrog]] that had fled from the coming of the [[Host of the West]] in the First Age, and killed King [[Durin VI]]. Finally in {{TA|1981|n}} his son [[Náin I]] was also killed and all the people of Khazad-dûm were either destroyed or fled far away.<ref name="Durin"/>

Most of Durin's Folk escaped to the north where in {{TA|1999|n}}<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> [[Thráin I]] established a new capital within [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], becoming [[King under the Mountain]]. His son [[Thorin I]] left Erebor in {{TA|2210|n}}<ref name="TA"/> and travelled further north to settle in the [[Grey Mountains]] where most of Durin's Folk had gone. For a time they prospered there for the mountains were rich.<ref name="Durin"/>

Unfortunately there were [[Dragons|dragons]] in the wastes north of the Grey Mountains, and in {{TA|2570|n}} they began [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons|making war]] against the Longbeards. The conflict came to a climax in {{TA|2589|n}} when King [[Dáin I]]<ref name="TA"/> and his second son [[Frór]] were killed by a great [[Cold-drake|cold-drake]] outside [[Dáin's halls|his halls]].<ref name="Durin"/> Soon after, most of Durin's Folk left the Ered Mithrin with [[Grór]], Dáin's third son, leading many followers to the [[Iron Hills]] in {{TA|2590|n}}.<ref name="TA"/>

In the same year, Dáin's first son and heir, [[Thrór]], with his uncle [[Borin]] and the remainder of the departing Longbeards, returned to Erebor. There they prospered, winning the friendship of all Men nearby, and trafficking in ore with their kin in the Iron Hills.<ref name="Durin"/> News of the wealth of Erebor spread and reached the dragons, and in {{TA|2770|n}} [[Smaug]] suddenly descended upon the Mountain, and [[Sack of Erebor|sacked]] it.<ref name="TA"/> Although many Dwarves were killed, many escaped as well. Among them were King Thrór and his family who headed south into a long homeless wandering while most of the surviving Longbeards headed east to the Iron Hills.<ref name="Durin"/>

The followers of Thrór eventually settled in [[Dunland]]<ref name="Durin"/> where in {{TA|2790|n}} Thrór left "to see what I can find."<ref name="TA"/> With a companion, [[Nár]], he came to the east gate of Khazad-dûm and entered as a returning heir. For days Nár waited in hiding outside until Thrór’s body was tossed from the gates by the Orc-chieftain [[Azog]], who told Nár to go warn his kin never to return to Moria. Nár went back to [[Thráin]], Thrór's son to report what had happened. Now King and filled with anger, Thráin II sent word to all the houses of the Dwarves to prepare for war.<ref name="Durin"/>

By {{TA|2793|n}} the Dwarves had mustered a great host. Durin's Folk and large forces from the other Houses were ready to launch a [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs|war of vengeance]].<ref name="TA"/> For six years, From Gundabad to the [[Gladden River|Gladden]], they sacked and assaulted every Orc dwelling they could find. Defeating the [[Orcs]] through strength, matchless weapons, and burning anger.<ref name="Durin"/>

At last on a dark winter day in {{TA|2799|n}} the Dwarf-host came to Azanulbizar<ref name="TA"/> and found a great host of Orcs awaiting them. Undeterred, the Dwarves, led by Thráin II, made their assault, beginning the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]. This final battle too the Dwarves won, but at great cost. In the end Azog was beheaded and Thrór was avenged, but the Dwarves could not take Khazad-dûm, for within still dwelt Durin's Bane.

With the war over the Dwarves dispersed. [[Dáin Ironfoot]] led his contingent of Longbeards back to the Iron Hills. Thráin II, with [[Thorin]], [[Balin]], [[Glóin]], and others of their following returned to Dunland. Soon though they uprooted and wandered in Eriador until they established themselves in the northern [[Ered Luin]] beyond the [[Lhûn|Lune]]. There they prospered and their numbers slowly grew.<ref name="Durin"/>

Thráin II decided to return to Erebor in {{TA|2841|n}} but as he travelled, he and his companions were pursued by Sauron's servants. One day in {{TA|2845|n}} Thráin was captured and imprisoned in [[Dol Guldur]]. Eventually, in {{TA|2850|n}}, [[Gandalf]] found him and received the key to Erebor, but the last of the [[Seven Rings]] had been taken and Gandalf was unable to rescue the Dwarf.<ref name="TA"/>

King Thorin II Oakenshield and his people continued to labor and traffic in the Ered Luin until one day Thorin sought and found Gandalf to solicit his counsel and aid in dealing with Smaug. Gandalf devised a plan for burglary, employing the service of [[Bilbo Baggins]] of [[the Shire]]. The plan succeeded and Smaug was slain, but in the subsequent [[Battle of Five Armies]] Thorin was killed. However his cousin Dáin Ironfoot, who led a contingent of Dwarves in the battle, entered Erebor and restored the Kingdom under the Mountain as King Dáin II.<ref name="Durin"/>

Durin's Folk grew strong in Erebor until during the [[War of the Ring]] their realm and that of the [[Kingdom of Dale]] were attacked by Sauron's northern forces. In the [[Battle of Dale]] in {{TA|3019|n}} King Dáin II fell and thereafter the Mountain was besieged. Upon the news of Sauron's downfall, however, the besieged routed the army of Sauron and Dáin's son, [[Thorin Stonehelm]] became the King under the Mountain as Thorin III.<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> Eventually his descendant, [[Durin VII]], would lead Durin's Folk back to Khazad-dûm .<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref>

Also after the fall of Sauron, [[Gimli]], the son of Glóin, brought some of Durin's Folk from Erebor south to [[Aglarond]] and there established a new Dwarf-realm. Gimli served as the [[Lord of the Glittering Caves]].<ref name="Durin"/>

==Inspiration==
Historically "Longbeards" is the supposed original name of the [[Wikipedia:Lombards|Lombards]], but other than the name, there is no other significant similarities between the Lombards and the Durin's Folk.
{{References}}
{{dwarvenclans}}{{durinskings}}
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Longbeards]]
[[de:Durins Volk]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/nains/peuple_de_durin]]
[[fi:Durinin heimo]]

Estella Bolger

2016-06-04T03:10:38Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Estella Bolger
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
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| titles=
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
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| birth={{SR|1385}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Bolger Family|Bolger]]
| parentage=[[Odovacar Bolger]] and [[Rosamunda Took]]
| siblings=[[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar]]
| spouse=[[Meriadoc Brandybuck]]
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Estella Brandybuck, née Bolger''', was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]].
__NOTOC__
==History==
Estella was the second child of [[Odovacar Bolger]] and [[Rosamunda Took]]. She was present at [[Bilbo's Farewell Party]].

Her older brother, [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar]], was well acquainted with [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]], and Estella eventually married him after the [[War of the Ring]].<ref>{{App|Bolger}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[Jim Allan]] has suggested that ''Estella'' is related to the Spanish ''Estrella'', derived from the Latin ''stella'', both meaning "star".<ref>[[Jim Allan]], ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names", p. 197</ref>

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
Tolkien added Estella was added to the family trees in Appendix C in the mid-1960s during the revisions that led to the second edition of ''The Lord of the Rings''. For unclear reasons<ref>{{PM|Trees}}</ref> she did not initially appear in the hardcover edition, but only in the mass market paperback edition published by [[Ballantine Books]]. Estella was finally added to the hardcover edition after an update to the text in 1987.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', "Note on the Text" (by [[Douglas A. Anderson]])</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Bolger]]
[[Category:Brandybuck]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Estella Brandybock]]
[[fi:Estella Bolger]]

Estella Bolger

2016-06-04T03:08:02Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Estella Bolger
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{SR|1385}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Bolger Family|Bolger]]
| parentage=[[Odovacar Bolger]] and [[Rosamunda Took]]
| siblings=[[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar]]
| spouse=[[Meriadoc Brandybuck]]
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Estella Brandybuck, née Bolger''', was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]].
__NOTOC__
==History==
Estella was the second child of [[Odovacar Bolger]] and [[Rosamunda Took]]. She was present at [[Bilbo's Farewell Party]].

Her older brother, [[Fredegar Bolger|Fredegar]], was well acquainted with [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]], and Estella eventually married him after the [[War of the Ring]].<ref>{{App|Bolger}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[Jim Allan]] has suggested that ''Estella'' is related to the Spanish ''Estrella'', derived from the Latin ''stella'', both meaning "star".<ref>[[Jim Allan]], ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names", p. 197</ref>

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
Estella was added to the Brandybuck family tree by Tolkien during the revisions that led to the second edition of ''The Lord of the Rings'' in the mid-1960s. For unclear reasons<ref>{{PM|Trees}}</ref> she did not initially appear in the hardcover edition, but only in the mass market paperback edition published by [[Ballantine Books]]. Estella was finally added to the hardcover editions after an update to the text in 1987.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', "Note on the Text" (by [[Douglas A. Anderson]])</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Bolger]]
[[Category:Brandybuck]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Estella Brandybock]]
[[fi:Estella Bolger]]

Headstrong Family

2016-06-04T02:57:35Z

Eldorion:

The '''Headstrong'''s were a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] family, probably well-to-do.<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 192</ref> The only known member of the family, [[Malva Headstrong]], married [[Gormadoc Brandybuck]], a notable [[Master of Buckland]].<ref>{{App|Brandybuck}}</ref> While they were likely well off, the Headstrongs were not included in Tolkien's list of wealthier Hobbit families.<ref name="L|25">{{L|25}}</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Headstrong]]
[[Category:Hobbit Families]]
[[fi:Voimapää]]

Headstrong Family

2016-06-04T02:55:21Z

Eldorion:

The '''Headstrong'''s were a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] family, probably well-to-do.<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 192</ref> The only known member of the family, [[Malva Headstrong]], married [[Gormadoc Brandybuck]], a notable [[Master of Buckland]].<ref>{{App|Brandybuck}}</ref> While they were likely well off, the Headstrongs were not included in Tolkien's list of the wealthiest Hobbit families.<ref name="L|25">{{L|25}}</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Headstrong]]
[[Category:Hobbit Families]]
[[fi:Voimapää]]

Isengrim Took I

2016-06-04T02:47:17Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Isengrim Took I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Isengrim Took I''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[The Shire|the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between {{SR|740}} and {{SR|1083}}.

==History==
There are no direct records of Isengrim I but he was evidently the namesake of [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]].<ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref> Isengrim I's reign as Thain came between the beginning of the Took line of Thains in {{SR|740}} and the reign of Isengrim II, which began in {{SR|1083}}, after which there were no gaps in the Took family's genealogy.<ref name="App|B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Isengrim'' is of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] origin and comes from ''isen'' meaning "iron" and ''grim'' meaning "fierce".

''Isengrim'' is the name of a wolf who appears in many medieval epics, including the story of [[wikipedia:Reynard the Fox|Reynard the Fox]] which originated in French folklore.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 760</ref>

{{references|n}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Thains]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Paladin Took I

2016-06-04T02:47:01Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Paladin Took I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Paladin Took I''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between {{SR|740}} and {{SR|1083}}.

==History==
There are no direct records of Paladin I but he was evidently the namesake of [[Paladin Took II|Paladin II]].<ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref> Paladin I's reign as Thain came between the beginning of the Took line of Thains in {{SR|740}} and the reign of [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]], which began in {{SR|1083}}, after which there were no gaps in the Took family's genealogy.<ref name="App|B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
A "[[wikipedia:Paladin|paladin]]" is a high office which existed in medieval Europe - which entered into many tales - and was noble office held by a honourable and valiant knight. In particular, a paladin was one of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's court. The term comes from the Latin ''palatinus'' which means "of the palace".<ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names"</ref>

{{references|n}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Thains]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Ferumbras Took I

2016-06-04T02:46:44Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Ferumbras Took I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ferumbras Took I''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between {{SR|740}} and {{SR|1083}}.

==History==
There are no direct records of Ferumbras I but he was evidently the namesake of [[Ferumbras Took II|Ferumbras II]].<ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref> Ferumbras I's reign as Thain came between the beginning of the Took line of Thains in {{SR|740}} and the reign of [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]], which began in {{SR|1083}}, after which there were no gaps in the Took family's genealogy.<ref name="App|B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[Wikipedia:Ferumbras|Ferumbras]] is a name from the [[wikipedia:Roland|legends of Roland]], a corruption of Frankish ''fier à bras'', "brave arm".
{{references}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Isumbras Took II

2016-06-04T02:46:38Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Isumbras Took II
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Isumbras Took II''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[The Shire|the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between {{SR|740}} and {{SR|1083}}..

==History==
There are no direct records of Isumbras II, but he evidently existed between his namesake [[Isumbras Took I|Isumbras I]], who founded the Took line of Thains in {{SR|740}}, and the later [[Isumbras Took III|Isumbras III]].<ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref> Isumbras II's reign could have occurred no later than {{SR|1083}}, when [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]] became Thain, since there were no subsequent gaps in the Took family's genealogy.<ref name="App|B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
"Isumbras" is of French and [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] origin and means "iron-arm". It comes from the French ''bras'' meaning "arm", and the Anglo-Saxon and Middle High German word ''[[isen]]'' which means "iron".<ref>[[Jim Allan]], ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names"</ref>

[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] possibly got the name from ''[[wikipedia:Sir Isumbras|Sir Isumbras]]'', an English medieval romance about a man who suffers a lifetime of hardship but who finds happiness in his latter years.<ref>Harriet Hudson (ed.), ''Four Middle English Romances'', Medieval Institute Publications; 2 edition (November 1, 2006)</ref>

{{References|n}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Thains]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Paladin Took I

2016-06-04T02:42:13Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Paladin Took I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Paladin Took I''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between {{SR|740}} and {{SR|1083}}.

==History==
There are no direct records of Paladin I but he was evidently the namesake of [[Paladin Took II|Paladin II]].<ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref> Paladin I's reign as Thain came between the beginning of the Took line of Thains in {{SR|740}} and the reign of [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]], which began in {{SR|1083}}, after which there were no gaps in the Took's genealogy.<ref name="App|B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
A "[[wikipedia:Paladin|paladin]]" is a high office which existed in medieval Europe - which entered into many tales - and was noble office held by a honourable and valiant knight. In particular, a paladin was one of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's court. The term comes from the Latin ''palatinus'' which means "of the palace".<ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names"</ref>

{{references|n}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Thains]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Ferumbras Took I

2016-06-04T02:41:29Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Ferumbras Took I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ferumbras Took I''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between {{SR|740}} and {{SR|1083}}.

==History==
There are no direct records of Ferumbras I but he was evidently the namesake of [[Ferumbras Took II|Ferumbras II]].<ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref> Ferumbras I's reign as Thain came between the beginning of the Took line of Thains in {{SR|740}} and the reign of [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]], which began in {{SR|1083}}, after which there were no gaps in the Took's genealogy.<ref name="App|B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[Wikipedia:Ferumbras|Ferumbras]] is a name from the [[wikipedia:Roland|legends of Roland]], a corruption of Frankish ''fier à bras'', "brave arm".
{{references}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Isengrim Took I

2016-06-04T02:41:10Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Isengrim Took I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Isengrim Took I''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[The Shire|the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between {{SR|740}} and {{SR|1083}}.

==History==
There are no direct records of Isengrim I but he was evidently the namesake of [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]].<ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref> Isengrim I's reign as Thain came between the beginning of the Took line of Thains in {{SR|740}} and the reign of Isengrim II, which began in {{SR|1083}}, after which there were no gaps in the Took's genealogy.<ref name="App|B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Isengrim'' is of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] origin and comes from ''isen'' meaning "iron" and ''grim'' meaning "fierce".

''Isengrim'' is the name of a wolf who appears in many medieval epics, including the story of [[wikipedia:Reynard the Fox|Reynard the Fox]] which originated in French folklore.<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 760</ref>

{{references|n}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Thains]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Ferumbras Took I

2016-06-04T02:39:08Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Ferumbras Took I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ferumbras Took I''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between {{SR|740}} and {{SR|1083}}.

==History==
There are no direct records of Ferumbras but he was evidently the namesake of [[Ferumbras Took II|Ferumbras II]].<ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref> Ferumbras I' reign as Thain came between the beginning of the Took line of Thains in {{SR|740}} and the reign of [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]], which began in {{SR|1083}}, after whom there were no gaps in the Took's genealogy.<ref name="App|B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[Wikipedia:Ferumbras|Ferumbras]] is a name from the [[wikipedia:Roland|legends of Roland]], a corruption of Frankish ''fier à bras'', "brave arm".
{{references}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Paladin Took I

2016-06-04T02:33:54Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Paladin Took I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Paladin Took I''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between {{SR|740}} and {{SR|1083}}.

==History==
No records of Paladin I exist, but he was evidently the namesake of [[Paladin Took II|Paladin II]], the thirty-first Thain. Paladin I's reign as Thain came between that of [[Isumbras Took I|Isumbras I]], the first Thain of the Took line and that of [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]], the oldest member of the Took family in their extant family tree. <ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref> Isumbras I's reign began in {{SR|740}} and Isengrim II's in {{SR|1083}}, placing Paladin I's reign sometime between those dates.<ref name="App|B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
A "[[wikipedia:Paladin|paladin]]" is a high office which existed in medieval Europe - which entered into many tales - and was noble office held by a honourable and valiant knight. In particular, a paladin was one of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's court. The term comes from the Latin ''palatinus'' which means "of the palace".<ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names"</ref>

{{references|n}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Thains]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Paladin Took I

2016-06-04T02:32:35Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Paladin Took I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Paladin Took I''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between {{SR|740}} and {{SR|1083}}.<ref group="note">{{SR|740}} was the beginning of the reign of Took line</ref>

==History==
No records of Paladin I exist, but he was evidently the namesake of [[Paladin Took II|Paladin II]], the thirty-first Thain. Paladin I's reign as Thain came between that of [[Isumbras Took I|Isumbras I]], the first Thain of the Took line and that of [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]], the oldest member of the Took family in their extant family tree. <ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref> Isumbras I's reign began in {{SR|740}} and Isengrim II's in {{SR|1083}}, placing Paladin I's reign sometime between those dates.<ref name="App|B2">{{App|B2}}</ref>

==Etymology==
A "[[wikipedia:Paladin|paladin]]" is a high office which existed in medieval Europe - which entered into many tales - and was noble office held by a honourable and valiant knight. In particular, a paladin was one of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's court. The term comes from the Latin ''palatinus'' which means "of the palace".<ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names"</ref>

{{references|n}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Thains]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Paladin Took I

2016-06-04T02:26:08Z

Eldorion:

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Paladin Took I
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Paladin Took I''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]] who held the position of [[Thain]] some time between [[Shire-reckoning|S.R.]] [[Third Age 2340|740]] and [[Shire-reckoning|S.R.]] [[Third Age 2683|1083]].

==History==
No records of Paladin I exist, but he was evidently the namesake of [[Paladin Took II|Paladin II]], the thirty-first Thain. Paladin I's reign as Thain came between that of [[Isumbras Took I|Isumbras I]], the first Thain of the Took line and that of [[Isengrim Took II|Isengrim II]], the oldest member of the Took family in their extant family tree. <ref name="App|Took">{{App|Took}}</ref>

==Etymology==
A "[[wikipedia:Paladin|paladin]]" is a high office which existed in medieval Europe - which entered into many tales - and was noble office held by a honourable and valiant knight. In particular, a paladin was one of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's court. The term comes from the Latin ''palatinus'' which means "of the palace".<ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names"</ref>

{{references|n}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Thains]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

User:Eldorion

2016-06-04T02:10:02Z

Eldorion:

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| image=[[File:Ted_Nasmith_-_White_Ships_from_Valinor.jpg|275px]]
| name=Eldorion
| othernames=Jacob Keener, Eldorion Nolondil
| language=[[wikipedia:English language|English]]
| location=[[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
| birth=8 August 1994
| gender=Male
| hair=Dirty blonde
| eyes=Blue
| email={{nospam|keener.jacob|gmail.com}}
| userboxes={{user lore-4}}
{{user balrogwings2}}
{{user entwives2}}
{{user ref}}
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}}

My name is Jacob, but most people in online Tolkien fandom call me Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin as well as an independent scholar. I frequently use TG as a reference and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
My real first name is an exceedingly common Biblical one. My surname, Keener, is a [[wikipedia:Pennsylvania Dutch|Pennsylvania Dutch]] name Anglicized from the German ''Kühner''. As for my online ''nom de plume'', I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and go by Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I primarily use one name or the other. The first part is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]].

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien studies==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and since stepping down from running forums I have returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/essays Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

Talk:Balin

2016-06-04T02:08:34Z

Eldorion:

==Balin('s tomb) in adaptations==
I just saw that Ederchil uploaded screenshots for the most games. Altough he (or his grave) is also portrayed in [[EA's The Two Towers]], [[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest|Aragorn's Quest]], [[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest|Conquest]], [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|LOTRO: Shadows of Angmar]] and [[The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria|LOTRO: Mines of Moria]]. I'll upload Conquest and Shadows of Angmar, I hope I can do it this week. I also have The Two Towers for the PS2, but as far as I know it isn't possible to make screenshots on it (or is it?). Could somebody upload Balin from the other games? --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 14:52, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

:I have Conquest and TTT for PC, but I never got around to playing beyond the tutorial. I'm not that good at that kind of game. As for screenshots from PS2... you apparently need a capture card in your PC, and play the game on the PC monitor. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 15:18, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

==Comic book (not) in adaptation==
I saw that with all of Ederchil’s additions to and improvements of the adaptation section he completely scratched the comic book. Does that not count as an adaptation? Or did you have another reason for removing it, Ederchil? — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 04:34, 7 June 2011 (UTC)

:Probably completely missed it. It's an adaptation, so it can go there --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 05:50, 7 June 2011 (UTC)

::I wanted to reinstate it, but met a kind of snag: the text that Ederchil dropped read:
::::'''1989: ''[[The Hobbit (comic book)]]'':'''
:::::Balin is portrayed white-haired and quite old; around the same age if not older than [[Fundin]]. This can be excused since nowhere is mentioned in ''The Hobbit'' that Fundin is his father (their relationship is mentioned only in ''Lord of the Rings'').
::This sounds rather strange, as Fundin is of course not mentioned at all in [[The Hobbit]], and indeed I can’t find Fundin mentioned anywhere in the comic book edition either. So I feel that I can only reinstate the mention of Balin as white-haired and quite old. I suspect the comparison should have been with his brother Dwalin, who looks quite a bit darker-haired and younger in this adaptation, and that is what I have turned the rest into. — [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 03:49, 8 June 2011 (UTC)

== Dunland ==

What is the source that says that Balin was with Fundin in Dunland, and then 2 years ago his brother was born? The articles about [[Fundin]] and [[Dwalin]] mention nothing about Dunland, while the latter article says that Dwalin's birthplace is unknown. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 09:03, 3 June 2016 (UTC)

:I'm not aware of any source and haven't found anything by flipping through briefly just now. The note in the article appears to be based on an assumption that Fundin travelled with Thrór and Thrain after the destruction of Erebor and that they went straight to Dunland. I'm not aware of anything specifying whether Fundin was part of the group of retainers who stuck by Thrór, though I see it as plausible. But the idea that they went straight to Dunland is contradicted by Appendix A.III, which states that they began "a long and homeless wandering". The earliest solid date regarding Dunland is not until 20 years later, when Thrór departs from Dunland on his ill-fated journey to Moria. [[User:Eldorion|Eldorion]] 02:08, 4 June 2016 (UTC)

User:Eldorion

2016-06-02T09:24:32Z

Eldorion:

{{user infobox
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| name=Eldorion
| othernames=Jacob Keener, Eldorion Nolondil
| language=[[wikipedia:English|English]]
| location=[[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
| birth=8 August 1994
| gender=Male
| hair=Dirty blonde
| eyes=Blue
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| userboxes={{user lore-4}}
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}}

My name is Jacob, but most people in online Tolkien fandom call me Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin as well as an independent scholar. I frequently use TG as a reference and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
My real first name is an exceedingly common Biblical one. My surname, Keener, is a [[wikipedia:Pennsylvania Dutch|Pennsylvania Dutch]] name Anglicized from the German ''Kühner''. As for my online ''nom de plume'', I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and go by Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I primarily use one name or the other. The first part is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]].

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien studies==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and since stepping down from running forums I have returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/essays Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

User:Eldorion

2016-06-02T09:16:41Z

Eldorion:

{{user infobox
| image=[[File:Ted_Nasmith_-_White_Ships_from_Valinor.jpg|275px]]
| name=Eldorion
| othernames=Jacob Keener, Eldorion Nolondil
| language=[[wikipedia:English|English]]
| location=[[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
| age=21
| gender=Male
| hair=Dirty blonde
| eyes=Blue
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{{user TSmember}}
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}}

My name is Jacob, but most people in online Tolkien fandom call me Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin as well as an independent scholar. I frequently use TG as a reference and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
My real first name is an exceedingly common Biblical one. My surname, Keener, is a [[wikipedia:Pennsylvania Dutch|Pennsylvania Dutch]] name Anglicized from the German ''Kühner''. As for my online ''nom de plume'', I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and go by Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I primarily use one name or the other. The first part is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]].

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien studies==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and since stepping down from running forums I have returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/essays Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

User:Eldorion

2016-06-02T09:16:08Z

Eldorion:

{{user infobox
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| name=Eldorion
| othernames=Jacob Keener, Eldorion Nolondil
| language=[[wikipedia:English|English]]
| location=[[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
| age=21
| gender=Male
| hair=Dirty blonde
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| userboxes={{user lore-4}}
{{user balrogwings2}}
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{{user ref}}
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}}

My name is Jacob, but most people in online Tolkien fandom call me Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin as well as an independent scholar. I frequently use TG as a reference and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
My real first name is an exceedingly common Biblical one. My surname, Keener, is a [[wikipedia:Pennsylvania Dutch|Pennsylvania Dutch]] name derived from the German ''Kühner''. As for my online ''nom de plume'', I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and go by Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I primarily use one name or the other. The first part is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]].

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien studies==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and since stepping down from running forums I have returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/essays Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

Peter Jackson

2016-06-02T09:10:19Z

Eldorion:

{{expansion}}
[[Image:Peter Jackson.jpg|thumb|''Peter Jackson'' at ComicCon]]
'''Sir Peter Robert Jackson''' ([[31 October|October 31]], [[1961]]) is a [[New Zealand]]-born Academy Award-winning director. He directed [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' trilogy]] and [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' trilogy]].

==Roles==
* [[2001]]: ''[[Quest for the Ring]]'' - Himself
* [[2001]]: ''[[A Passage to Middle-earth: Making of Lord of the Rings]]'' - Himself
* [[2001]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' - [[Albert Dreary]]
* [[2002]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' - Rohirrim Warrior
* [[2002]]: ''[[A Day in the Life of a Hobbit]]'' - Himself
* [[2002]]: ''[[Scale]]'' - Himself
* [[2001]]: ''[[The Making of The Lord of the Rings]]'' - Himself
* [[2003]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' - Mercenary on Boat
* [[2003]]: ''[[Bogans]]'' - Himself
* [[2003]]: ''[[The Long and Short of It]]'' - Bus Driver
* [[2003]]: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Quest Fulfilled]]'' - Himself
* [[2003]]: ''[[Beyond the Movie - The Lord of the Rings: Return of the King]]'' - Himself
* [[2003]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: Origins of Middle-Earth]]'' - Himself
* [[2003]]: ''[[From Book to Script: Finding the Story]]'' - Himself
* [[2004]]: ''[[DNZ: The Real Middle Earth]]'' - Himself
* [[2005]]: ''[[Lord of the Brush]]'' - Himself
* [[2005]]: ''[[Ringers: Lord of the Fans]]'' - Himself
* [[2005]]: ''[[Du kommst nicht vorbei - Fans im Bann des Ringes]]'' - Himself
* [[2012]]: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'' - Dwarf fleeing from Smaug
* [[2013]]: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'' - Man of Bree

==Awards==
* [[2001]] - '''[http://www.sefca.org/ SEFCA Award]''', Best Screenplay, Adapted, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2001 - '''SEFCA Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2001 - '''[http://www.nbrmp.org/ NBR Award]''', Special Achievement, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* [[2002]] - '''[http://www.bafta.org/ BAFTA]''', Best Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''BAFTA''', David Lean Award for Direction, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://www.afi.org.au/ AFI Award (Australia)]''', Best Foreign Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://www.chlotrudis.org/ Chloturdis Award]''', Best Screenplay - Adapted, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://www.cinemaclips.com/PFCS.htm PFCS Award]''', Best Screenplay - Adaptation, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''PFCS Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://www.empireonline.com/ Empire Award]''', Best Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://www.AFI.com/ AFI Award (USA)]''', AFI Movie of the Year, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://www.saturnawards.org/ Saturn Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://www.filmkritik.dk/ Bodil Award]''', Best American Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://floridafilmcriticscircle.com/ FFCC Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://filmakademiet.dk/ Robert Award]''', Best American Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://www.kcfilmcritics.com/ KCFCC Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2002 - '''[http://www.lvfcs.org/ Sierra Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* [[2003]] - '''[http://www.sfwa.org/awards/ Nebula Award]''', Best Script, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2003 - '''[http://www.dvdexclusive.com/ DVD Premiere Award]''', Best Audio Commentary, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2003 - '''DVD Premiere Award''', Best New, Enhanced or Reconstructed Movie Scenes, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2003 - '''DVD Premiere Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
* 2003 - '''[http://www.dvdexclusive.com/ DVD Exclusive Award]''', Best New Movie Scenes, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''Chloturdis Award''', Audience Award, Best Screenplay - Adapted, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''KCFCC Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''Empire Award''', Best Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''Sierra Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''AFI Award (Australia)''', Best Foreign Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''PFCS Award''', Best Screenplay - Adaptation, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''[http://www.ofcs.org/ OFCS Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''[http://www.dfwfilmcritics.com/ DFWF Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2003 - '''[http://sdfilmcritics.cinephiles.net/ SDFCS Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2003 - '''[http://www.sffcc.org/ SFFCC Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2003 - '''SEFCA Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2003 - '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C._Area_Film_Critics_Association WAFCA Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2003 - '''[http://www.torontofilmcritics.com/ TFCA Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2003 - '''TFCA Award''', Special Citation, [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
* [[2004]] - '''Nebula Award''', Best Script, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.oscars.org/ Academy Award]''', Best Picture, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''Academy Award''', Best Writing, Best Screenplay, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''Academy Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''BAFTA''', Best Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''BAFTA''', Best Screenplay - Adapted, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.hfpa.org/ Golden Globe]''', Best Director - Motion Picture, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.bfca.org/ Critics' Choice Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.cofca.org/ COFC Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''KCFCC Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''Sierra Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.chicagofilmcritics.org/ CFCA Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_Film_Critics_Circle VFCC Award]''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''AFI Award (Australia)''', Best Foreign Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''Saturn Award''', Best Writing, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''Saturn Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''PFCS Award''', Best Screenplay - Adaptation, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''PFCS Award''', Best Director, '''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.lafca.net/ LAFC Award]''', Best Director, '''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''OFCS Award''', Best Screenplay, Adapted, '''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''OFCS Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''Empire Award''', Best Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.producersguild.org/ PGA Award]''', Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.filmweb.no/filmfestivalen2005/amanda/ Amanda Award]''', Best Foreign Feature Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.dga.org/ DGA Award]''', Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.dggb.co.uk/ DGGB Award]''', Outstanding Directorial Achievement in International Film, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.afff.nl/ Amsterdam Fantastic Film Festival]''', Lifetime Achievement Award
* 2004 - '''DFWF Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''FFCC Award''', Best Director, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* 2004 - '''[http://www.youngartistawards.org/ Jackie Coogan Award]''', [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
* 2004 - '''[http://www.britishfantasysociety.org/awardlisting.html#2004 Karl Edward Wagner Award]''', [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
* [[2005]] - '''DVD Exclusive Award''', Best Audio Commentary, ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
* [[2012]] - '''[http://www.nzfilmawards.co.nz/ New Zealand Film and TV Awards]''', Best Director,'' [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]''
* [[2014]] - '''Empire Award''', Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy, ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''
* [[2014]] - ''' [http://heartlandfilm.org/festival/ Heartland Film Festival]''', Truly Moving Picture Award, ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]''
* 2014 - ''' [http://www.producersguild.org/ PGA Awards]''', Vanguard Award, [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]

==Bibliography==
* [[2004]]: ''[[The Art of The Return of the King]]''
** "Epilogue"

== External Links ==
* '''[http://tbhl.theonering.net Official Fan Club]'''
* {{WP|Peter Jackson}}
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001392 Peter Jackson] at [http://www.imdb.com/ IMDb]

[[Category:Directors|Jackson, Peter]]
[[Category:Screenwriters|Jackson, Peter]]
[[Category:Actors and actresses|Jackson, Peter]]
[[Category:Authors|Jackson, Peter]]
[[Category:New Zealand people|Jackson, Peter]]
[[Category:People by name|Jackson, Peter]]

User:Eldorion

2016-06-02T09:05:18Z

Eldorion:

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My name is Jacob, but most people in online Tolkien fandom call me Eldo. I've been an avid Tolkien fan for most of my life and I'm a former forum admin as well as an independent scholar. I frequently use TG as a reference and sporadically make edits here when I feel I have something to contribute.

==Names==
My real name is ultimately of Hebrew derivation. My surname, Keener, is a [[wikipedia:Pennsylvania Dutch|Pennsylvania Dutch]] name derived from the German ''Kühner''. As for my online ''nom de plume'', I indulge in the long fan tradition of picking an Elvish name and go by Eldorion Nolondil, though on most sites I primarily use one name or the other. The first part is not a misspelling of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]]'s son, but was originally the name of a character I briefly played on the [http://www.lotrplaza.com LOTR Plaza]. It means "son of the star-land" ([[Númenor]]) but due to the ambiguity of the element ''el-'' can also be interpreted as "son of the elf-land". The second part is a genuine Tolkienian name: [[Nolondil]], youngest son of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] and ancestor of [[Hallatan|Hallatan of Hyarastorni]].

==Background==
I first read [[The Hobbit]] and [[The Lord of the Rings]] in early 2004, when I was nine years old, and adored them. I already had an interest in fantasy but Tolkien fired my imagination like nothing else (not even Harry Potter) and his works have been a part of my life ever since. I read [[The Silmarillion]] and [[Unfinished Tales]] in the following several years. I did not watch the entire film trilogy until I was 12. Around 2008 I got more serious about studying Tolkien and began to work my way through [[The History of Middle-earth]] and [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]. I ventured onto Tolkien forums starting at the end of that year because I was looking to discuss those works and test myself. My early participation in Tolkien fandom was dominated by Lore debates which proved a valuable educational experience in both Tolkien and rhetoric.

==The Movies==
I have always enjoyed the [[Peter Jackson]] film adaptation of ''The Lord of the Rings'', but I have also always been critical of a number of changes made to the story during the adaptational process. Movie discussions quickly became the second area of the fandom that I explored. I have never objected to the mere existence of changes from the source material, but feel that many of the changes (and the motivations for some of them) displayed a lack of interest in fully engaging with the text. However, I have always distinguished between my opinion of the films as adaptations and my opinion of them purely as cinema. I have become more aware of certain flaws in the trilogy as I've learned more about cinema, but ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' in particular remains one of my favorite movies.

==Forum governance==
I came into the fandom about a year after ''The Hobbit'' films had been officially announced, though still several years before any of them were actually released, and it was thanks to ''The Hobbit'' that I got my turn at running a forum. I was the moderator of the Movies forum at the LOTR Plaza for roughly a year, from October 2010 until August 2011, during the period when it was the most active English language Tolkien forum on the web. I was also the founder and owner/administrator of [http://www.hobbitmovieforum.com Forumshire: The Hobbit Movie Forum] from February 2011 to January 2016, after having started the site for members of the The-Hobbit-Movie.com's forum, which had just been shut down (the whole site is now offline). Forumshire grew to be the second-largest English language Tolkien forum, after TheOneRing.net, by 2013, and remained so for the remainder of my tenure as an administrator.

==Tolkien studies==
I was fortunate in that my formative fannish experiences came largely in discussions with both self-taught Loremasters and published Tolkien scholars, primarily on the LOTR Plaza and [http://newboards.theonering.net TheOneRing.net's forums]. I was able to make something of a name for myself and since stepping down from running forums I have returned more to this early passion. I have a sporadically-updated tumblr blog called [http://nolondil.tumblr.com/essays Nolondil] where I've posted both new essays and some attempts at reworking old ideas that I'd previously posted on various forums.

Forums:Valaquenta and "servants and helpers"

2016-06-02T00:06:21Z

Eldorion:

{{Counciltop}}



I made edits to the pages for [[sprites]], [[sylphs]], and [[mermaids]] and while I left comments for those edits I wanted to explain my reasoning at a bit more length since I changed several different pages. In all these pages I replaced a version of the followings

<blockquote>As the sprites and fays are not mentioned in later versions of the legendarium, it might be that Tolkien envisioned these creatures as the "servants and helpers" of the Maiar (mentioned in later versions of Elven chronicles) — lesser spirits that would have remained in Middle-earth (and would thus perhaps be equivalent to the Faeries). As Tolkien never cared to elaborate much on these "lesser Maiar" in the texts used by his son Christopher when preparing the published The Silmarillion, one could speculate on how much Tolkien would have retained or rejected of this earlier conception.
</blockquote>

The chapter and section cited for this on all three pages was ''The Silmarillion'', "Valaquenta: Of the Maiar". The However, the Valaquenta does not establish a class of "lesesr Maiar" (which is the reason Tolkien didn't discuss them elsewhere either). The text reads:

<blockquote>With the Valar came other spirits whose being also began before the World, of the same order as the Valar but of less degree. These are the Maiar, the people of the Valar, and their servants and helpers. Their number is not known to the Elves, and few have names in any of the tongues of the Children of Ilúvatar; for though it is otherwise in Aman, in Middle-earth the Maiar have seldom appeared in form visible to Elves and Men.
</blockquote>

The second sentence here is not establishing three different classes of spirits, but it describing the Maiar as both "the people of the Valar" and "their servants and helpers". I replaced the above-quoted paragraph with a new version on each page mentioning the replacement of various early spirits (as well as the [[Valarindi|Children of the Valar]] with the [[Maiar]] (referred to in [[Morgoth's Ring]], Annals of Aman, notes to Section 1):

<blockquote>Sprites and fays are not mentioned in the later versions of the [[legendarium]]. Many of the classes of beings references in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'' were superseded by the concept of the [[Maiar]], which were not introduced until the reworking of the [[Annals of Valinor]] into the [[Annals of Aman]].
</blockquote>

I just wanted to leave a more complete explanation of my thought process here in case anyone had questions about my edits.{{unsigned|Eldorion}}

:Thanks for fixing this, Eldorion! I added it to those articles (when I created them) a long time ago. I have since felt that the concept of "lesser" maiar was based, as you say, on a misreading but haven't had the opportunity to clear it up.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 21:58, 1 June 2016 (UTC)

::Glad to help! --[[User:Eldorion|Eldorion]]