Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Edain

2016-06-01T09:44:58Z

Eryniel Alassë: Rectified statement that Eärendil caused the War of Wrath – exaggeration

{{cleanup}}
{{people
| image=[[File:Wouter Florusse - The Edain.jpg|250px]]
| name=Edain
| dominions=[[Beleriand]], [[Middle-earth]], [[Númenor]]
| languages=[[Mannish]], [[Sindarin]]
| height=
| length=
| skincolor=
| haircolor=
| feathers=
| distinctions=
| members=[[Húrin]], [[Túrin]], [[Tuor]], [[Beren]], [[Barahir]], [[Andreth]], [[Morwen]], [[Bëor]]
}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Edain.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
{{quote|We have looked on the faces that have seen the [[Light of Valinor|Light]], and heard the voices that have spoken with [[Manwe]].|[[Húrin Thalion]]<ref>{{UT|Words}}</ref>}}
The '''Edain''' were those [[Men]] of the [[First Age]] who made their way into [[Beleriand]] during the [[Siege of Angband]] and became close allies of the [[Elves]]. The Edain were the ancestors of the [[Númenóreans]], the High Men of the [[Second Age]].
==History==
The ancestors of the Edain were those Men who fled [[Hildórien]] seeking to reach the [[Two Trees|Light]] of the [[West (disambiguation)|West]]. They were divided in at least 3 tribes.

The tribe that followed the northern road were at war with the [[Men of Darkness|Men]] who fell under the [[Shadow]], and were pursued by them.<ref name=DM/> In the northern [[Rhûn]] they met some [[Dwarves]].<ref>{{WJ|Dwarves}}</ref> At the shores of the [[Sea of Rhûn]] the tribes separated. The [[House of Bëor|Lesser Folk]] got there first and dwelt at the feet of the nearby hills, while the [[House of Hador|Greater Folk]] came later in the north-east woods near the shores. They crafted boats and could sail the sea, but they didn't meet often, and their languages soon diverged.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref> The Greater Folk seemed to had been related to the ancestors of the [[Northmen]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> In Eriador, some Men stayed behind and were scattered.<ref name=DM/>
During their wanderings the Lesser Folk had extensive contact with the [[Moriquendi|Dark Elves]], they adopted "many words and devices" that influenced their language.<ref>{{S|17}}</ref>

The tribe that followed the southern road was different from the two Folk of the north and spoke an unrelated language. Those settled the valleys of the [[White Mountains]] and were joined by the [[Drúedain]] when they resumed their way to the west.<ref>{{UT|Druedain}}</ref> but also some remained behind, in [[Minhiriath]] and [[Eriador]]; those were the ancestors of the [[Gwathuirim]], the [[Dunlendings]] and the [[Bree-landers]].<ref name=DM>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

The Lesser Folk of the north moved on earlier and a team of them, led by [[Bëor]], entered Beleriand around the fourth century of the First Age. The next year the vanguard of the southern tribe followed and made contact with the Elves, followed by the Greater Folk of the north.

These Men therefore spoke two different languages, one of them being divided in at least two dialects. They already had met Dwarves and [[Avari]] in the East and had adopted some of their speech.

The Edain who did not participate in the [[Wars of Beleriand]] remained in Estolad or fled from Beleriand and the power of Morgoth.

The term Edain does not refer to other groups of Men who entered Beleriand later in the First Age, such as the [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]] who were noted as being swarthier than the Edain and a large portion of whom would later betray the elves.

== The Three Houses ==
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Felagund Among Bëor’s Men.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Felagund Among Bëor’s Men'']]
The tribes of Men became [[Elf-friends]], they entered the service of the [[Eldar]] and were ennobled and consisted of the Three Mannish noble Houses:

# The '''[[House of Bëor]]''': these descended from the Lesser Folk, they were dark-haired and stoutly built, and most resembled the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] of all Elves. They were first discovered by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]], Lord of [[Nargothrond]], and under his guidance later made their way to the lands of the Ñoldorin lord [[Amrod]], in a place later known as [[Estolad]], the Encampment. They remained loyal to the House of [[Finarfin]], and later settled in the lands of [[Dorthonion]].
# The Second House, later known as the '''[[Haladin]]''' or the '''House of [[Haleth]]'''. They were a reclusive folk, dark-haired but smaller in stature than the Bëorians. They were unrelated to the other two Houses and kept separate from the other Men, and later received permission to settle in the [[Forest of Brethil]], part of [[Doriath]]. They mostly kept out of the wars.
# The '''House of Marach''', later best known as the '''[[House of Hador]]'''. They descended from the Greater Folk and thus were related to the First House. They were tall and golden-haired, and most resembled the [[Vanyar]] of all Elves. They were a very numerous and war-like tribe, and the [[Green-elves]] of [[Ossiriand]] feared them. They later settled in [[Hithlum]] by way of [[Estolad]]. They were loyal to [[Fingolfin]] and to his son [[Fingon]].

A fourth kind of Men came with the Second House, and called themselves ''[[Drúedain|Drûg]]''. They were a strange people, living with the Haladin in the forest of [[Brethil]], some even apparently made it to [[Númenor]], but they died out or had left before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Fall]]. In the [[Third Age]], their far kin were known as the ''Woses'' of [[Drúadan Forest]].

During and after the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], the Edain suffered heavy losses.
The House of Bëor was nearly wiped out by [[Morgoth]], and the remainder of its people merged with the remaining Hadorians to become the [[Númenóreans]]. It would seem that the Haladin of Beleriand were completely wiped out, or at least disappeared as a separate people. [[Earendil]], of the House of Hador, who had blood from all three Houses, sailed to [[Valinor]] prior to the [[War of Wrath]].

== Later History ==
After the [[War of Wrath]] the Edain were honoured and blessed by [[Eonwe]] in body and mind. They were granted the island of [[Númenor]] by the [[Valar]] as a gift for their fight during the [[Wars of Beleriand]], their loyalty to the elves and their suffering.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> Those of the Folk of Hador settled most of the island, while those of Bëor settled mostly to the western part, maintaining their Sindarin tongue.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}, p.329</ref><ref>{{UT|Numenor}}</ref> Few (if any) of the dwindling Folk of Haleth had survived the ruin of Beleriand.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}, n.2 and n.17</ref> Thus the Edain's descendants became a race far greater than all other men in Middle-earth, living within sight of the blessed realm.

When the Númenóreans returned to [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Second Age]], they encountered many Men who were obviously related to the Atani: they classified these Men as ''[[Middle Men]]'', and established friendly relations with them. Examples are the [[Northmen]] or the [[Men of Bree]].

Other Men, such as the [[Dunlendings]], were not recognised as Middle Men because they were related to the Haladin rather than Bëorians or Marachians, and they were hostile to Númenor.

==Appearance, traits and culture==
The Edain were noble in spirit, and their appearances differed between houses. Those of the First House were for the most part dark-haired and stocky, with grey or brown eyes and skin ranging from fair to swarthy. Little is known of the characteristics of the Second House, save for that they were dark of hair. Those of the Third House were golden-haired and tall, with fair skin and blue eyes.<ref name=DM/>{{rp|308}}

Upon their arrival to Beleriand, they were taught much lore and wisdom by the [[Eldar]]. They were loyal to their benefactors, strong and fierce in battle. Their lifespan approached 90, probably quite more than of their ancestors, although that was the case only in peaceful times.<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 106, entry "Edain"</ref>

Their descendants, the Númenóreans were further blessed and ennobled. Their first [[King of Númenor|King]] [[Elros]] the [[Half-elven]] was a descendant of two unions between the Edain and the Eldar.

In Beleriand most of the Edain adopted the [[Sindarin]] tongue, although their native language was [[Mannish]] with elements from [[Avarin]] after their first contact with the [[Dark Elves]]. The language of the survivors of the First and Third Houses was the ancestor of [[Adunaic]]; the language of the Second House was unrelated to them. (See also: [[Taliska]])

== Etymology ==
'''edain''' is the plural of ''[[adan]]'', "man" in [[Sindarin]].

The [[Sindarin]] word ''Edain'', singular ''Adan'' (Quenya ''Atani'', ''Atan'') literally meant ''Second People'', and originally referred to all Men, but later it only applied to the Men of Beleriand and their descendants. The [[Quenya]] term ''Atani'' kept its old meaning.

The noble Edain were also known as '''Atanatari''' which means '''Fathers of Men'''.
{{references}}
[[Category:Edain| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]
[[de:Edain]]
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:edain]]
[[fi:Edain]]

Morwen

2016-05-09T15:22:18Z

Eryniel Alassë: Minor grammatical edits; corrected number of children (three, not two)

{{stub}}
{{sources}}
{{disambig-more|Morwen|[[Morwen (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Edain infobox
| name=Morwen
| image=[[Image:Kimberly - Morwen.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Morwen" by [[:Category:Images by Kimberly|Kimberly]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Eledhwen'' ([[Sindarin|S]], "Elfsheen")
| titles=[[Lady of Dor-lómin]]
| position=
| location=[[Ladros]]; [[Dor-lómin]]; [[Doriath]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{FA|443}}
| birthlocation=[[Ladros]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|501}}
| deathlocation=[[Cabed Naeramarth]]
| age=58
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Bëor]]
| parentage=[[Baragund]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]]
| children=[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]], [[Lalaith]], [[Nienor]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Dark
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Morwen''' was a daughter of [[Baragund]] of the [[House of Bëor]], and she married [[Húrin]] of the [[House of Hador|House of Marach]]. She was the mother of [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]], [[Lalaith]], and [[Nienor]]. She is described as being tall, slender and fair, having a stern and cold disposition. Her son Túrin, but not her daughters, inherited her tendency to keep her emotions and thoughts to herself. <ref name=UT2> {{UT|2}}"</ref>

==History==
Morwen was the daughter of [[Baragund]], [[Lord of Ladros]]. She belonged to the [[House of Beor]] and married [[Húrin]] of the [[House of Hador]] and [[Lord of Dor-lómin]]. They had three children together, [[Túrin]], [[Lalaith]], and [[Nienor]]. Lalaith perished to the [[Evil Breath]], a plague of Morgoth, when she was a young child.

After Húrin's departure to fight for [[Fingon]] at the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], Morwen, who was pregnant to their third child, remained in her husband's house as the Lady of [[Dor-Lómin]]. After Morgoth's victory at the Nirnaeth, hordes of [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]] who had betrayed the [[Edain]], [[Incomers|invaded]] [[Hithlum]]. Even though they took control of the land, they left Morwen and her household alone for a while, believing her to be a witch with dealings with the Elves. She was indeed in contact with small groups of Elves living in the mountains close to her house, but from them she received only information, and that very scant.

Eventually she thought it best to send her only surviving child, Túrin, to [[Doriath]] with [[Gethron]] and [[Grithnir]] to seek refuge. Being pregnant, and out of fear of drawing the Easterlings' attention, Morwen herself remained in Dor-Lómin.

Túrin was adopted by King [[Thingol]], who sent messengers back to [[Hithlum]] bringing her news about Túrin's well-being, invitations from Thingol and gifts from [[Melian]]. But she refused to leave her home, not the least because her daughter [[Nienor]] was still a baby.<ref name=UT2/> In her stead she sent to Túrin the dragon-crested [[Helm of Hador]], the heirloom of their house.<ref>{{cH|4}}</ref>

Morwen's house was oppressed by [[Brodda]]'s Easterlings. Meanwhile, Túrin had exiled himself out of Doriath and made himself a hero. The fame of the [[Black Sword]] reached to Hithlum, saying that he was cleansing [[Beleriand]] from perils, without Morwen knowing that he was her own son. Nienor now had grown up, and Morwen eventually fled the tyranny of Hithlum through [[Ered Wethrin]] and came to Doriath, only to find out that her son had left.<ref>{{CH|10}}</ref> Túrin's travels also brought him to the north and liberated Dor-Lómin, but it was too late, as Morwen and Nienor had long gone.

Having learned that Túrin was under [[Orodreth]]'s service in [[Nargothrond]], she left Doriath to go there. [[Mablung]] was tasked to accompany her. Unknown to both, [[Nienor]] had joined them. The women were left back upon [[Amon Ethir]] and Mablung set out with a small company to scout Nargothrond as were his orders by Thingol. Yet [[Glaurung]] left Nargothrond and Mablung was unable to prevent them both from getting ensnared in the traps of the [[Dragon]].

Morwen was then lost and Mablung heard no news from her.<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Húrin Finds Morwen.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Húrin Finds Morwen'']]
Morwen, now in her fifties, came to the [[Forest of Brethil]] and found the graves of her children at [[Cabed Naeramarth]]. Húrin found her there. She felt already spent and she asked her husband how their son found his sister; but Húrin never replied. They spent the night together until she passed away with the sun. Húrin dug for her a grave above Cabed Naeramarth on the west side of the [[Stone of the Hapless]] cutting the words ''Here lies also Morwen Eledhwen''.

According to the words of [[Glirhuin]], the mound survived the [[War of Wrath]] and as [[Tol Morwen]] was the westernmost isle off the coast of [[Lindon]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Morwen means "Dark Maiden" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[môr]]'' = "darkness, dark, night" and ''[[gwenn]]'' = "maiden"). Her epithet,
Eledhwen, means "Elf-maiden" (from ''[[edhel]]'' = "Elf" and ''[[gwenn]]'' = "maiden"); [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] also translates it as "Elfsheen", which is a rendering of [[Old English]] ''[[Wiktionary:ælf-scīene|ælf-scīene]]'' "bright as [[fairy]], of elfin beauty". Both definitions are in reference to her noble bearing.

==Genealogy==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | BRE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |BRE=[[Bregor]] ''{{FA|359|n}} - {{FA|448|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | BRE | | HIR | | BRG | | GIL | | BAR |y| EME | | |BRE=[[Bregil]] ''b. {{FA|386|n}}''|HIR=[[Hirwen]] ''{{FA|389|n}}''|BRG=[[Bregolas]] ''{{FA|393|n}} - {{FA|455|n}}''|GIL=[[Gilwen]] ''b. {{FA|397|n}}''|BAR=[[Barahir]] ''{{FA|400|n}} - {{FA|460|n}}''|EME=[[Emeldir]] ''b. {{FA|406|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | BET | | BAR | | BEG | | | | BER |y| LUT |BET=[[Beleth]] ''b. {{FA|417|n}}''|BAR=[[Baragund]] ''{{FA|420|n}} - {{FA|460|n}}''|BEG=[[Belegund]] ''{{FA|422|n}} - {{FA|460|n}}''|BER=[[Beren]] ''{{FA|432|n}} - {{FA|503|n}}''|LUT=[[Lúthien]] ''{{YT|1200}} - {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | HUR |y| MOR | | RIA |y| HUO | | DIO | | |HUR=[[Húrin]] ''{{FA|441|n}} - {{FA|502|n}}''|MOR='''MORWEN''' ''{{FA|441|n}} - {{FA|501|n}}''|RIA=[[Rían]] ''{{FA|450|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|HUO=[[Huor]] ''{{FA|444|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|DIO=[[Dior]] ''{{FA|470|n}} - {{FA|506|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | TUR | | LAL | | NIE | | TUO | | | | | | | | |TUR=[[Túrin]] ''{{FA|464|n}} - {{FA|499|n}}''|LAL=[[Lalaith]] ''{{FA|466|n}} - {{FA|469|n}}''|NIE=[[Nienor]] ''{{FA|473|n}} - {{FA|499|n}}''|TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. {{FA|472|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==See Also==
*[[:Category:Images of Morwen|Images of Morwen]]

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Children of Húrin]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Bëor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
{{references}}
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[Narn i Hîn Húrin]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]

[[de:Morwen Eledhwen]]
[[fi:Morwen Eledhwen]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple_de_beor/morwen]]

Ingwë

2016-04-26T14:27:49Z

Eryniel Alassë: Corrected that Ingwë was not Unbegotten

{{vanyar infobox
| name=Ingwë
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Ingwe" by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[High King of the Elves]]; King of the Vanyar
| position=
| location=[[Taniquetil]], [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Vanyarin]] dialect of [[Quenya]]
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|3}}</ref>
| rule=Years of the Trees -
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=House of Ingwë<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| parentage=
| siblings=Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref>
| spouse=
| children=Unnamed children<ref>{{MR|P3II6}}</ref> (possibly [[Ingwion]]<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>)
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingwë''' ({{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}) was the King of the [[Vanyar]] in [[Valinor]] and was reckoned as [[High King of the Elves|High King of all the Elves]].<ref name=princes/>

His name was loaned to the Vanyar, who also called themselves ''Ingwer''; his proper name, that was also a title by itself, was ''Ingwë Ingweron,''"Chief of the chieftains."<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, "The names of Finwe's descendants", p. 340</ref>
==History==
Ingwë's parentage is not known, but he was not one of the Unbegotten Elves, as he had a unnamed sister. He also had a niece, [[Indis]], who became the second wife of Finwë. Additionally, he had unnamed sons.

When [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]] and invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]] followed him as ambassadors and traveled to the Blessed Realms. When they returned, they told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.

After the Great March, Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon Middle-earth again.<ref>{{WJ|Customs}}, (Spanish ed. p.276)</ref> He lived in [[Tirion]], in the tower called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]], but then he went to [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwe]].<ref name=princes>{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwe]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
In the [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwe'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ([[Quenya]] "man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 361, 398 (roots ING and WEG)</ref>

*See also: [[Vanyar#Other Versions of the Legendarium|''Ingwi'']] and [[Vanyar#Names|''Ingwer'']]

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early versions of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] [[legendarium]] (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'') Ingwë's name was '''''Inwë'''''.

In that early writing ''Inwë'' (or ''Ing'') was instead the name of a mortal man, the "King of Lúthien" (also spelled "Leithian" or "[[Luthany]]"), who was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of the ancestors of the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians. Eventually the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes returned to Lúthien, now long renamed as ''Britain''.

==Inspiration==
Tolkien was here adapting traditions about a Germanic ancestral figure named [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngvi Yngvi] (also spelled "Ing", "Ingio", and "Ingui").{{fact}} He is seen as an eponymous ancestor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingaevones Ingaevones], a people mentioned by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitus Tacitus] in his ''Germania'' as one of the three divisions of the Germanic tribes. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi was the mythological ancestor of the Swedish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling House of Ynglings] and a name for the god [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyr Freyr].

Like Ingwë, Freyr was the lord of the Elves in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lfheim Álfheim].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Grímnismál|Grímnismál]] 5: "And Álfheim the gods/to Frey once gave"</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | UNF |y| UNK | | ING | | | | |ING='''INGWË'''''b. {{YT}}''|UNK=''unknown mother''|UNF=''unknown father''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | CHI | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MÍR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|CHI=''unknown children''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | FËA | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR |FËA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=vanyar
| house=House of Ingwë
| born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=King of the Vanyar
| dates={{YT|1102}} -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq
| pvac=None
| prev=Position created
| list=[[High King of the Elves]]
| dates=[[Years of the Trees]] -
| nvac=Incumbent
| next=
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[de:Ingwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/ingwe]]
[[fi:Ingwë]]

Orodreth

2016-02-11T14:25:58Z

Eryniel Alassë: Expanded on etymology

{{disambig-two|the Elf of Nargothrond|the Steward of Gondor|[[Orodreth (Steward of Gondor)]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| name=Orodreth
| image=[[File:Marya Filatova - Artaresto.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Artaresto" by [[Marya Filatova]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Artaresto'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]])
| titles=[[King of Nargothrond]]
| position=Warden of [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]] ({{FA|60}} - {{FA|457|n}})
| location=[[Tirion]]; [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]]; [[Nargothrond]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth=between {{YT|1300}} and {{YT|1495|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{FA|465}} - {{FA|495|n}}
| death={{FA|495}}<ref name="GAS275">{{GA|275}}</ref>
| deathlocation=[[Battle of Tumhalad]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Angrod]] & [[Eldalótë]]
| siblings=
| spouse=Unnamed [[Sindar|Sindarin]] lady<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of Finwë's descendants'', ''The parentage of Gil-galad''</ref>
| children=[[Gil-galad]] & [[Finduilas]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Orodreth''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[oˈrodreθ]}}), son of [[Angrod]] was a [[Noldo]] and the [[King of Nargothrond]] in the [[First Age]]. His name in [[Quenya]] was '''Artaresto''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˌartaˈresto]}}). He was born in [[Valinor]] sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]].<ref name="Shib">{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of Finwë's descendants''</ref>

==History==
===Early History===
During the [[Flight of the Noldor]], Orodreth, alone save [[Finarfin]] spoke softly and sought to calm the Noldor.<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref> After the return of the Noldor to [[Middle-earth]] and the completion of [[Nargothrond]], [[Finrod]] son of Finarfin gave the fortress of [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]] to Orodreth's keeping.<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref>
Orodreth held the fortress of Minas Tirith in the vale of [[Sirion]] until [[Sauron]], lieutenant of [[Morgoth]], overran the isle shortly after the [[Dagor Bragollach]] and turned it into [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]], The Isle of Werewolves, in {{FA|457}}. Orodreth then fled south to [[Nargothrond]].<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref>

===Arrival of Beren===
When [[Beren]], son of [[Barahir]] came to Nargothrond in {{FA|465}}, Finrod, the [[King of Nargothrond]], went with him on his [[Quest for the Silmaril|quest for the Silmaril]], fulfilling his oath. However, [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], the [[sons of Fëanor|Sons of Fëanor]], were also at Nargothrond at the time, and forced Finrod to help Beren with [[Edrahil]] and only ten companions, and without the help of the majority of his people. Orodreth took up the crown, ruling as a regent, but the sons of [[Fëanor]] held the real power. Curufin called him "a dullard slow" in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'', and with his brother Celegorm plotted to take over Nargothrond if news came of Finrod's death. However when news came that Finrod had been killed and Tol-in-Gaurhoth destroyed, the sons of Fëanor were shamed and fell from power; the people cried out that the maiden [[Lúthien]] had done what the sons of Fëanor dared not. Orodreth returned to power and expelled Celegorm and Curufin from Nargothrond.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

===Arrival of Túrin===
In {{FA|490}}<ref>{{GA|267}}</ref>, [[Gwindor]], a prince of Nargothrond, and an escaped thrall of Morgoth, returning from his captivity in [[Angband]], led [[Túrin]], son of [[Húrin]], a [[Man]] of the [[House of Hador]] to Nargothrond. In Nargothrond Túrin hid his name, calling himself ''[[Agarwaen]]'', son of ''[[Úmarth]]'' ("Bloodstained, son of Ill-fate"). [[Finduilas]], daughter of Orodreth, fell in love with him, but he avoided her because she had previously been the beloved of his friend Gwindor. Túrin declined to tell her his name, so that she called him ''Thurin'' ("The Secret"). He was also called ''Adanedhel'' ("Man-Elf") because he was so alike to an Elf, though he was a Man.<ref name="CH10">{{CH|10}}</ref><ref name="Turin">{{S|Turin}}</ref><ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}</ref>

His identity did not remain hidden for long. Gwindor revealed to Finduilas that 'Agarwaen' was in fact Túrin, and 'Úmarth' his famous father Húrin. When the news of this reached Finduilas' father, Orodreth, King of Nargothrond, Túrin was given great honor and standing, but the revelation of Túrin's identity would also bring Morgoth's curse with him.<ref name="CH10">{{CH|10}}</ref><ref name="Turin">{{S|Turin}}</ref><ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}</ref>

Túrin became a chief counselor of Orodreth, and was extremely influential in Nargothrond. He encouraged the people of Nargothrond to abandon their practice of secrecy, and they built a great bridge before the gates. Because of his prowess with [[Gurthang]], his black sword, he himself became known as ''Mormegil'' ("Black Sword").<ref name="CH10">{{CH|10}}</ref><ref name="Turin">{{S|Turin}}</ref><ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}</ref>

However, sometime after, two messengers, named [[Gelmir (messenger of Círdan)|Gelmir]] and [[Arminas]], sent there by [[Círdan]], arrived to Nargothrond, delivering the message from [[Ulmo]], Lord of Waters himself, to the King Orodreth, advising him to shut the doors of Nargothrond and destroy the bridge before its gates. At this time Orodreth relied upon the counsel of Túrin, who scorned the words of the messengers, for it was upon his advice that the bridge had been built and it was his policy for the King's forces to go forth openly to war, and sent them away.<ref name="Fall">{{CH|11}}</ref><ref name="Turin">{{S|Turin}}</ref><ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}</ref>

This would prove to be a fatal mistake, since in {{FA|495}}<ref>{{GA|275}}</ref>, Morgoth unleashed his forces at Nargothrond and led by [[Glaurung]] the dragon, they devastated the army of Orodreth at the [[Battle of Tumhalad]]. In that battle Orodreth was slain, and after that the [[Fall of Nargothrond]] was inevitable, due to the bridge that allowed Glaurung and Morgoth's host to ravage the city, and most of its people were either enslaved or killed (including Orodreth's daughter Finduilas).<ref name="Fall">{{CH|11}}</ref><ref name="Turin">{{S|Turin}}</ref><ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Orodreth'' is glossed as "mountaineer"<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 182</ref> from the Sindarin "OROD" meaning "mountain."

==Genealogy==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |y|~|~|~|~|~|~| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | OLW | | | | | | | |MIR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]]''b. {{YT}}''|OLW=[[Olwë]]''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF |y| EAW | | SON | | | | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]]''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]]''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]]''b. {{YT}}''|SON=''unknown sons''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL | |FRD=[[Finrod]]''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''|ANG=[[Angrod]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|AEG=[[Aegnor]]''d. {{FA|455}}''|GAL=[[Galadriel]]''b. {{YT|1362}}''|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]]''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | | |ORO='''ORODRETH'''''d. {{FA|495}}''|CLB=[[Celebrían]]''b. {{SA}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]]''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIL | | FIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW | |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]''d. {{SA|3441}}''|FIL=[[Finduilas]]''d. {{FA|495}}''|ELL=[[Elladan]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]]''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]]''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
In earlier versions of ''The Silmarillion'' legendarium as detailed in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series, Orodreth was a more important character, and the original king of Nargothrond. However, his importance diminished over time.

In the published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'', Orodreth is a son of Finarfin, with Quenya name '''Artaresto'''. In the later version [[Gil-galad]], later [[High King of the Noldor]], was his son, but in the published ''Silmarillion'' Gil-galad is made into [[Fingon]]'s son instead. An earlier idea was that Orodreth's son was named '''Hallas''', but Gil-galad replaced him. Since this later revision wasn't integrated in any of his father's narratives, [[Christopher Tolkien]] didn't include it in the published text. However, unlike in the matter of Gil-galad, Christopher Tolkien believed that the decision to make Orodreth the son of Angrod was final.

In his last writings, Tolkien changed Orodreth's name to '''[[Artaher]]''' ([[Quenya]]) / '''Arothir''' ([[Sindarin]]), but it was never introduced in any narratives, so Christopher Tolkien left the name Orodreth unchanged.<ref name="Shib">{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of Finwë's descendants''</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Orodreth|Images of Orodreth]]

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=noldor
|house=[[House of Finarfin]]
|born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
|died={{FA|495}}
}}
{{seq
|prev=[[Finrod]]
|nvac=None
|next=kingdom destroyed
|list=[[King of Nargothrond]]
|dates={{FA|465}} – {{FA|495|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Children of Húrin]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]

[[de:Orodreth (Elb)]]
[[fi:Orodreth]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/orodreth]]

Írimë

2015-12-08T04:06:48Z

Eryniel Alassë: Grammatical stuff

{{noldor infobox
| name=Írimë
| image=[[File:Elawen Altariel - Írimë of Aman.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Írimë of Aman" by [[:Category:Images by Elawen Altariel|Elawen Altariel]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Lalwendë'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]]), Lalwen, Írien
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Aman]], [[Middle-earth]]
| affiliation=[[House of Fingolfin]]
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]]
| birth=between {{YT|1190}} and {{YT|1230}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Finwë]] and [[Indis]]
| siblings=[[Fëanor]] (half-brother), [[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], and [[Finarfin]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Írimë''' was a [[Noldo|Noldorin]] [[Elves|Elf]], daughter of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]] and [[Indis]], his second wife. She was the sister of [[Fingolfin]], [[Finarfin]], and [[Findis]] as well as the half-sister of [[Fëanor]].<ref name="Shib">{{PM|Shibboleth}}, ''The names of Finwë's descendants''</ref>

==History==
Little is known about her, except that during the [[Exile of the Noldor]] Írimë went to [[Middle-earth]] across the [[Helcaraxë]] with Fingolfin, while the rest of her siblings remained in [[Valinor]]. Írimë's fate is unknown; she may have been slain or returned to [[Aman]] after the [[War of Wrath]].<ref name="Shib"/>

==Etymology==
Írimë's [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''''Lalwendë''''' or in shortened form '''''Lalwen''''', and by this name she was generally known.<ref name="Shib"/> In some versions Írimë is called '''''Írien''''' which may have been her [[father-name]].<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, note 28</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |~|y|~| FIN |~|y|~| IND | | | | | | | | | |FIN=[[Finwë]]''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]]''b. {{YT}}''|MIR=[[Míriel]]''d. {{YT|1170}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | FEA | | FDS | | FIN | | IRM | | FIR | | |FIN=[[Fingolfin]]''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|FIR=[[Finarfin]]''b. {{YT|1230}}''|FEA=[[Fëanor]]''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]]''b. {{YT}}''|IRM='''ÍRIMË'''''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Irime}}

[[Category:House of Finwë]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]

[[de:Finvain]]
[[fi:Írien]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/irime]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/lalwen]]

House of Finwë

2015-11-24T19:52:43Z

Eryniel Alassë: Added diacritics in several places

[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Finwe Heraldic Device.jpg|thumb]]The '''House of [[Finwë]]''' was a large [[Noldor]]in royal house that held the [[High_King_of_the_Noldor|High Kingship of the Noldor]]. Its device was that of a great golden sun, even though Finwë was slain before the [[Sun]] was made.

The House of Finwë had three main branches, one for each of the first Noldóran's sons; the [[House of Fëanor]], the [[House of Fingolfin]] and [[House of Finarfin]].
===Lineage===
A star marks the High Kings of the Noldor. Except in several cases, including that of Finwë, the first name listed is [[Sindarin]] and the second [[Quenya]]. Those with only one name given usually, but not neccessarily, have only a Quenya name, the one given.

*[[Finwë]]* = [[Míriel|Míriel Serindë]] (first wife, gave birth to first son}, = [[Indis]] (second wife, gave birth to other sons and daughters)
**[[Fëanor]]/[[Curufinwë]]*
***[[Maedhros]] the Tall/[[Nelyafinwë]]
***[[Maglor]] the Minstrel/Kanafinwë
***[[Celegorm]] the Fair/[[Turcafinwë]]
***[[Curufin]] the Crafty/[[Curufinwë]] = '''?'''
****[[Celebrimbor]]
***[[Caranthir]] the Dark/[[Morifinwë]]
***[[Amrod]]/[[Pityafinwë]]
***[[Amras]]/[[Telufinwë]]
**[[Findis]]
***'''?'''
**[[Fingolfin]]/[[Ñoldofinwë]]* = [[Anairë]]
***[[Fingon]]/Findekáno*
***[[Turgon]]/Turukáno* = [[Elenwë]]
****[[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]]/Itarillë = [[Tuor]]
*****[[Gaermeldir]]/[[Eärendil]] = [[Elwing]]
******[[Elros]] Tar-Minyatur = '''?'''
*******[[Kings of Númenor]]
********[[Kings of Gondor]]
******[[Elrond]] = [[Celebrían]]
*******[[Elladan]]
*******[[Elrohir]]
*******[[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]] = [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]
********[[House of Telcontar]]
***[[Argon]]/[[Arakáno]]
***[[Aredhel]] = [[Eöl]]
****[[Maeglin]]/[[Lómion]]
**[[Írimë]]/Lalwen
***[[Aranwë]]?
****[[Voronwë]]
**[[Finarfin]]/Arafinwë = [[Eärwen]]
***[[Finrod]]/Findaráto
***[[Angrod]]/[[Angrod|Angaráto]] = [[Edhellos]]/[[Eldalótë]]
****[[Orodreth]]/Artaresto = '''?'''
*****[[Gil-galad]]/Artanáro*
*****[[Finduilas]]
***[[Aegnor]]/[[Aikanáro]]
***[[Galadriel]]/[[Artanis]] = [[Celeborn]]/[[Teleporno]]([[Telerin]])
****[[Celebrían]] = [[Elrond]]
*****[[Elladan]]
*****[[Elrohir]]
*****[[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]] = [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]
******[[House of Telcontar]]

==Other versions of the legendarium==
Finwë's two daughters don't appear in the published ''[[Silmarillion]]''.

In earlier versions of the legendarium, Finwë and Indis had three daughters: '''Findis''', '''Faniel''' and '''Finvain'''. It remains unclear if the third daughter survived in the final conception of Finwë's family tree.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, note 26</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:House of Finwë| ]]
[[Category:Elvish noble houses]]

House of Finwë

2015-11-24T19:50:57Z

Eryniel Alassë: Added diacritics in several places

[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Finwe Heraldic Device.jpg|thumb]]The '''House of [[Finwë]]''' was a large [[Noldor]]in royal house that held the [[High_King_of_the_Noldor|High Kingship of the Noldor]]. Its device was that of a great golden sun, even though Finwë was slain before the [[Sun]] was made.

The House had at least three branches; the [[House of Fëanor]], the [[House of Fingolfin]] and [[House of Finarfin]].
===Lineage===
A star marks the High Kings of the Noldor. Except in several cases, including that of Finwë, the first name listed is [[Sindarin]] and the second [[Quenya]]. Those with only one name given usually, but not neccessarily, have only a Quenya name, the one given.

*[[Finwë]]* = [[Míriel|Míriel Serindë]] (first wife, gave birth to first son}, = [[Indis]] (second wife, gave birth to other sons and daughters)
**[[Fëanor]]/[[Curufinwë]]*
***[[Maedhros]] the Tall/[[Nelyafinwë]]
***[[Maglor]] the Minstrel/Kanafinwë
***[[Celegorm]] the Fair/[[Turcafinwë]]
***[[Curufin]] the Crafty/[[Curufinwë]] = '''?'''
****[[Celebrimbor]]
***[[Caranthir]] the Dark/[[Morifinwë]]
***[[Amrod]]/[[Pityafinwë]]
***[[Amras]]/[[Telufinwë]]
**[[Findis]]
***'''?'''
**[[Fingolfin]]/[[Ñoldofinwë]]* = [[Anairë]]
***[[Fingon]]/Findekáno*
***[[Turgon]]/Turukáno* = [[Elenwë]]
****[[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]]/Itarillë = [[Tuor]]
*****[[Gaermeldir]]/[[Eärendil]] = [[Elwing]]
******[[Elros]] Tar-Minyatur = '''?'''
*******[[Kings of Númenor]]
********[[Kings of Gondor]]
******[[Elrond]] = [[Celebrían]]
*******[[Elladan]]
*******[[Elrohir]]
*******[[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]] = [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]
********[[House of Telcontar]]
***[[Argon]]/[[Arakáno]]
***[[Aredhel]] = [[Eöl]]
****[[Maeglin]]/[[Lómion]]
**[[Írimë]]/Lalwen
***[[Aranwë]]?
****[[Voronwë]]
**[[Finarfin]]/Arafinwë = [[Eärwen]]
***[[Finrod]]/Findaráto
***[[Angrod]]/[[Angrod|Angaráto]] = [[Edhellos]]/[[Eldalótë]]
****[[Orodreth]]/Artaresto = '''?'''
*****[[Gil-galad]]/Artanáro*
*****[[Finduilas]]
***[[Aegnor]]/[[Aikanáro]]
***[[Galadriel]]/[[Artanis]] = [[Celeborn]]/[[Teleporno]]([[Telerin]])
****[[Celebrían]] = [[Elrond]]
*****[[Elladan]]
*****[[Elrohir]]
*****[[Arwen|Arwen Undómiel]] = [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]
******[[House of Telcontar]]

==Other versions of the legendarium==
Finwë's two daughters don't appear in the published ''[[Silmarillion]]''.

In earlier versions of the legendarium, Finwë and Indis had three daughters: '''Findis''', '''Faniel''' and '''Finvain'''. It remains unclear if the third daughter survived in the final conception of Finwë's family tree.<ref>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, note 26</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:House of Finwë| ]]
[[Category:Elvish noble houses]]

Half-elven

2015-11-05T00:09:58Z

Eryniel Alassë: Cleaned up the article a bit

{{cleanup}}{{sources}}
'''Half-elven''' ([[Sindarin]] singular '''Peredhel''', plural '''Peredhil'''), are the children of the union of [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. Half-elven are not a distinct race ''per se''; rather, they were fertile offspring as the result of a union between Elves and Men.

A summary of the entire history of the Peredhil through the Ages is directly below, while a more detailed analysis for each character follows.

==Overview==
The first bond between Elves and Men was the marriage of [[Beren Erchamion]] and [[Lúthien Tinúviel]], from which a single son, [[Dior Eluchíl]], was born. Lúthien is somewhat of an odd case among the Peredhil; she can be considered as being either fully Elven, Half-Elven, or fully mortal. The first is due to the fact that she had full immortal blood; the second because her Maia mother [[Melian]] and her Elven father [[Elu Thingol]] together made her only half Elven; and the third because she died a mortal death after [[Mandos]] allowed her to return. However, for the sake of genealogies, she is considered fully Elven.

Dior Eluchíl wed [[Nimloth of Doriath]], and the two of them had three children: twin sons [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]], and daughter [[Elwing|Elwing the White]]. Eluréd and Elurín were abandoned in the woods outside Doriath by the vengeful servants of Celegorm in retribution for their father's killing of their master; they were never found, even when [[Maedhros|Maedhros Fëanorion]] searched for them.

The next bond came about through the union of [[Tuor]] son of [[Huor]] and [[Idril Celebrindal]], from which another son, [[Eärendil]], was born. These two lines of Peredhil were then joined by the marriage of Eärendil and Elwing. The aforementioned pair begat another pair of twin sons: [[Elrond|Elrond Peredhel]] and [[Elros Tar-Minyatur]]. Elros chose the fate of Men, and thus bore no more descendants bearing the title of "Half-Elven," but his brother Elrond chose the fate of Elven-kind.

Elrond wed [[Celebrían]], daughter of [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]], and bore three children: twin sons [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], and daughter [[Arwen Undómiel]]. This order of offspring was oddly reminiscent of the children of Elrond's grandfather, Dior Eluchíl. Arwen Undómiel wed [[Aragorn II Elessar]], a distant descendant of Elros Tar-Minyatur, thereby uniting the long-sundered lines of those descended from both Elves and Men. Aragorn and Arwen were parents to a son, [[Eldarion]], as well as several daughters, thus leaving a remnant of the proud Elven lineage even after the Firstborn had long passed over the sea and out of time and memory.

==History==
The half-elven were given a choice to be counted as one of the [[Eldar]] (Elves), thus being immortal, or one of the [[Edain]] (Men), thus being mortal. In the list below, those who were counted as Eldar are italicized; those who were counted as Edain are not. Their actual mathematical descent from elves is in a fraction in parentheses.

The important half-elven were:
* [[Dior]]<ref group=note>''"Then Manwë gave judgement and he said: 'To Eärendil I remit the ban, and the peril that he took upon himself out of love for the Two Kindreds shall not fall on him; neither shall it fall upon Elwing who entered into peril for love of Eärendil: save only in this: they shall not ever walk again among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. '''Now all those who have the blood of mortal Men, in whatever part, great or small, are mortal, unless other doom be granted to them'''..."'' - {{LR|Quenta}}</ref>, son of Man [[Beren]] and Elf<ref>Lúthien was considered to be of the Eldar, not the half-elven; however, she was technically half-elven since only her father was an Elf. Her mother, [[Melian]], was one of the [[Maiar]], an angelic holy being. Though she did actually give up her mortality so her husband would be brought back to life, she was still considered one of the Eldar and never of the half-elven or Edain.</ref> [[Lúthien]], grandson of the [[Maia]] [[Melian]]. (1/4)

* ''[[Eärendil]]'', son of the Man [[Tuor]] and Elf [[Idril]] (1/2)<ref>Among all the [[Half-elven]] whose Elvish ancestry is documented, Eärendil is the most [[Vanyar]]in of them, being five-sixteenths Vanyarin through his five-eighths Vanyarin mother [[Idril]].</ref>

Eärendil would rather have chosen the kindred of Men, but he chose the Elves for his wife Elwing's sake, who chose the Elves. Eärendil's fate was special, however: he was not allowed to stay in [[Valinor]], but had to sail the heavens in his ship [[Vingilótë]], the [[Silmaril]] of Beren and Lúthien on the prow, as a sign of hope for [[Middle-earth]]. Elwing built a tower in the Shadowy Seas and met him upon his return.

* ''[[Elwing]]'', daughter of Dior and Elf [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]. (5/8)

Elwing's father, Dior, was the son of Beren and Lúthien, and he was therefore also counted as Half-elven, as were his children with the Elf Nimloth of [[Doriath]]: Eluréd, Elurín, and Elwing. Eluréd and Elurín were killed, but Elwing was given her choice of kindred. Dior and his descendants also descend from the angelic beings the [[Maiar]], through Dior's grandmother, and Luthien's mother, Melian.

* [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]]<ref>Eluréd and Elurín were captured by the servants of [[Celegorm]] and abandoned in the forest, thus dying before their decision as to their kindred could be made.</ref>, sons of Dior and Nimloth. (5/8)

* ''[[Elrond]]'', son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)

The heirs of Elrond, including Arwen Undómiel, also had the free choice of kindred, therefore Arwen could choose to be counted amongst the Edain even though her father had chosen to be counted as Elven. The heirs of Elros were not given this choice, but their lifespan was enhanced many times that of normal Men. In later times the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] Kings, descendants of Elros, regretted their forefather's choice, and this helped lead to the downfall of Númenor.

* [[Elros]], also son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)

* [[Arwen]], daughter of Elrond and Elf [[Celebrían]]. (25/32)

Arwen, daughter of Elrond, married [[Aragorn]], heir of Elros, and thus the two Half-elven lines were merged in the [[Fourth Age]]. Their son [[Eldarion]] and their daughters were not counted as Half-elven, but rather as [[Dúnedain]] restored.

* [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], sons of Elrond<ref>It is uncertain whether Elladan and Elrohir chose to be of the Edain or the Eldar; this information is not given in the books. However, since their choice was expressed by whether they would follow their father to [[Valinor]] at the time of his own departure, and they were described as remaining in [[Rivendell]], they are often said to have chosen the Edain.</ref> and Celebrían. (25/32)

==See also==
*[[Kinship of the Half-elven]]
==Notes==

{{references}}
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[de:Halbelben]]
[[fi:Puolhaltiat]]

Half-elven

2015-10-15T01:11:42Z

Eryniel Alassë: Fixed formatting

{{cleanup}}{{sources}}
'''Half-elven''' ([[Sindarin]] singular '''Peredhel''', plural '''Peredhil'''), are the children of the union of [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. Half-elven are not a distinct race ''per se''; rather, they were fertile offspring as the result of a union between Elves and Men.

==Overview==
The first bond between Elves and Men was the marriage of [[Beren Erchamion]] and [[Lúthien Tinúviel]], from which a single son, [[Dior Eluchíl]], was born. Lúthien is somewhat of an odd case among the Peredhil; she was given a second, mortal life after her first death by Mandos. As such, she is technically mortal, as she died a mortal death, but for genealogical purposes, she is regarded as pure Elven.

Dior Eluchíl wed [[Nimloth|Nimloth the White]], and the two of them had three children: twin sons [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]], and daughter [[Elwing| Elwing the White]]. Eluréd and Elurín were abandoned in the woods outside Doriath by the vengeful servants of Celegorm in recompense for their father's killing of their master; they were never found, even when [[Maedhros|Maedhros Fëanorion]] searched for them.

The next bond came about through the union of [[Tuor]] son of [[Huor]] and [[Idril Celebrindal]], from which another son, [[Eärendil]], came about. These two lines of Peredhil were then joined by the marriage of Eärendil and Elwing. The aforementioned pair begat another pair of twin sons, [[Elrond|Elrond Peredhil]] and [[Elros Tar-Minyatur]]. Elros chose the fate of Men, and thus bore no more descendants bearing the title of "Half-Elven," but his brother Elrond chose the fate of Elven-kind.

Elrond wed [[Celebrían]], daughter of [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]], and bore three children: twin sons [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], and daughter [[Arwen Undómiel]]. This order of offspring was oddly reminiscent of the children of his Elrond's grandfather, Dior. Arwen Undómiel wed [[Aragorn II Elessar]], a distant descendant of Elros Tar-Minyatur, thereby uniting the long-sundered lines of the Peredhil. Aragorn and Arwen were parents to a son, [[Eldarion]], as well as several daughters, thus leaving a remnant of the proud Elven lineage even after the Firstborn had long passed over the sea and out of time and memory.

==History==
The half-elven were given a choice to be counted as one of the [[Eldar]] (Elves), thus being immortal, or one of the [[Edain]] (Men), thus being mortal. In the list below, those who were counted as Eldar are italicized; those who were counted as Edain are not. Their actual mathematical descent from elves is in a fraction in parentheses.

The important half-elven were:
* [[Dior]]<ref group=note>''"Then Manwë gave judgement and he said: 'To Eärendel I remit the ban, and the peril that he took upon himself out of love for the Two Kindreds shall not fall on him; neither shall it fall upon Elwing who entered into peril for love of Eärendel: save only in this: they shall not ever walk again among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. '''Now all those who have the blood of mortal Men, in whatever part, great or small, are mortal, unless other doom be granted to them'''..."'' - {{LR|Quenta}}</ref>, son of Man [[Beren]] and Elf<ref>Lúthien was considered to be of the Eldar, not the half-elven; however, she was technically half-elven since only her father was an Elf. Her mother, [[Melian]], was one of the [[Maiar]], an angelic holy being. Though she did actually give up her mortality so her husband would be brought back to life, she was still considered one of the Eldar and never of the half-elven or Edain.</ref> [[Lúthien]], grandson of the [[Maia]] [[Melian]]. (1/4)

* ''[[Eärendil]]'', son of the Man [[Tuor]] and Elf [[Idril]] (1/2)<ref>Among all the [[Half-elven]] whose Elvish ancestry is documented, Eärendil is the most [[Vanyar]]in of them, being five-sixteenths Vanyarin through his five-eighths Vanyarin mother [[Idril]].</ref>

Eärendil would rather have chosen the kindred of Men, but he chose the Elves for his wife Elwing's sake, who chose the Elves. Eärendil's fate was special, however: he was not allowed to stay in [[Valinor]], but had to sail the heavens in his ship [[Vingilótë]], the [[Silmaril]] of Beren and Lúthien on the prow, as a sign of hope for [[Middle-earth]]. Elwing built a tower in the Shadowy Seas and met him upon his return.

* ''[[Elwing]]'', daughter of Dior and Elf [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]. (5/8)

Elwing's father, Dior, was the son of Beren and Lúthien, and he was therefore also counted as Half-elven, as were his children with the Elf Nimloth of [[Doriath]]: Eluréd, Elurín, and Elwing. Eluréd and Elurín were killed, but Elwing was given her choice of kindred. Dior and his descendants also descend from the angelic beings the [[Maiar]], through Dior's grandmother, and Luthien's mother, Melian.

* [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]]<ref>Eluréd and Elurín were captured by the servants of [[Celegorm]] and abandoned in the forest, thus dying before their decision as to their kindred could be made.</ref>, sons of Dior and Nimloth. (5/8)

* ''[[Elrond]]'', son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)

The heirs of Elrond, including Arwen Undómiel, also had the free choice of kindred, therefore Arwen could choose to be counted amongst the Edain even though her father had chosen to be counted as Elven. The heirs of Elros were not given this choice, but their lifespan was enhanced many times that of normal Men. In later times the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] Kings, descendants of Elros, regretted their forefather's choice, and this helped lead to the downfall of Númenor.

* [[Elros]], also son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)

* [[Arwen]], daughter of Elrond and Elf [[Celebrían]]. (25/32)

Arwen, daughter of Elrond, married [[Aragorn]], heir of Elros, and thus the two Half-elven lines were merged in the [[Fourth Age]]. Their son [[Eldarion]] and their daughters were not counted as Half-elven, but rather as [[Dúnedain]] restored.

* [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], sons of Elrond<ref>It is uncertain whether Elladan and Elrohir chose to be of the Edain or the Eldar; this information is not given in the books. However, since their choice was expressed by whether they would follow their father to [[Valinor]] at the time of his own departure, and they were described as remaining in [[Rivendell]], they are often said to have chosen the Edain.</ref> and Celebrían. (25/32)

==See also==
*[[Kinship of the Half-elven]]
==Notes==

{{references}}
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[de:Halbelben]]
[[fi:Puolhaltiat]]

Half-elven

2015-10-15T00:49:12Z

Eryniel Alassë: Added "Overview" section documenting the entwined histories of the Peredhil.

{{cleanup}}{{sources}}
'''Half-elven''' ([[Sindarin]] singular '''Peredhel''', plural '''Peredhil'''), are the children of the union of [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. Half-elven are not a distinct race ''per se''; rather, they were fertile offspring as the result of a union between Elves and Men.

==Overview==
The first bond between Elves and Men was the marriage of [[Beren Erchamion]] and [[Lúthien Tinúviel]], from which a single son, [[Dior Eluchíl]], was born. Lúthien is somewhat of an odd case among the Peredhil; she was given a second, mortal life after her first death by Mandos. As such, she is technically mortal, as she died a mortal death, but for genealogical purposes, she is regarded as pure Elven.

Dior Eluchíl wed [[Nimloth|Nimloth the White]], and the two of them had three children: twin sons [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]], and daughter [[Elwing| Elwing the White]]. Eluréd and Elurín were abandoned in the woods outside Doriath by the vengeful servants of Celegorm in recompense for their father's killing of their master; they were never found, even when [[Maedhros|Maedhros Fëanorion]] searched for them.

The next bond came about through the union of Tuor son of Huor and [[Idril Celebrindal]], from which another son, [[Eärendil]], came about. These two lines of Peredhil were then joined by the marriage of Eärendil and Elwing. The aforementioned pair begat another pair of twin sons, [[Elrond|Elrond Peredhil]] and [[Elros Tar-Minyatur]]. Elros chose the fate of Men, and thus bore no more descendants bearing the title of "Half-Elven," but his brother Elrond chose the fate of Elven-kind.

Elrond wed [[Celebrían]], daughter of [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]], and bore three children: twin sons [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], and daughter [[Arwen Undómiel]]. This order of offspring was oddly reminiscent of the children of his grandfather, Dior. Arwen Undómiel wed [[Aragorn II Elessar]], a distant descendant of Elros, thereby uniting the long sundered lines of the Peredhil. Aragorn and Arwen were parents to a son, [[Eldarion]], as well as several daughters, thus leaving a remnant of the proud Elven lineage even after the Firstborn had long passed over the sea and out of time and memory.

==History==
The half-elven were given a choice to be counted as one of the [[Eldar]] (Elves), thus being immortal, or one of the [[Edain]] (Men), thus being mortal. In the list below, those who were counted as Eldar are italicized; those who were counted as Edain are not. Their actual mathematical descent from elves is in a fraction in parentheses.

The important half-elven were:
* [[Dior]]<ref group=note>''"Then Manwë gave judgement and he said: 'To Eärendel I remit the ban, and the peril that he took upon himself out of love for the Two Kindreds shall not fall on him; neither shall it fall upon Elwing who entered into peril for love of Eärendel: save only in this: they shall not ever walk again among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. '''Now all those who have the blood of mortal Men, in whatever part, great or small, are mortal, unless other doom be granted to them'''..."'' - {{LR|Quenta}}</ref>, son of Man [[Beren]] and Elf<ref>Lúthien was considered to be of the Eldar, not the half-elven; however, she was technically half-elven since only her father was an Elf. Her mother, [[Melian]], was one of the [[Maiar]], an angelic holy being. Though she did actually give up her mortality so her husband would be brought back to life, she was still considered one of the Eldar and never of the half-elven or Edain.</ref> [[Lúthien]], grandson of the [[Maia]] [[Melian]]. (1/4)

* ''[[Eärendil]]'', son of the Man [[Tuor]] and Elf [[Idril]] (1/2)<ref>Among all the [[Half-elven]] whose Elvish ancestry is documented, Eärendil is the most [[Vanyar]]in of them, being five-sixteenths Vanyarin through his five-eighths Vanyarin mother [[Idril]].</ref>

* ''[[Elwing]]'', daughter of Dior and Elf [[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]. (5/8)

* [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]]<ref>Eluréd and Elurín were captured by the servants of [[Celegorm]] and abandoned in the forest, thus dying before their decision as to their kindred could be made.</ref>, sons of Dior and Nimloth. (5/8)

* ''[[Elrond]]'', son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)

* [[Elros]], also son of Eärendil and Elwing. (9/16)

* [[Arwen]], daughter of Elrond and Elf [[Celebrían]]. (25/32)

* [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], sons of Elrond<ref>It is uncertain whether Elladan and Elrohir chose to be of the Edain or the Eldar; this information is not given in the books. However, since their choice was expressed by whether they would follow their father to [[Valinor]] at the time of his own departure, and they were described as remaining in [[Rivendell]], they are often said to have chosen the Edain.</ref> and Celebrían. (25/32)

Eärendil would rather have chosen the kindred of Men, but he chose the Elves for his wife Elwing's sake, who chose the Elves. Eärendil's fate was special, however: he was not allowed to stay in [[Valinor]], but had to sail the heavens in his ship [[Vingilótë]], the [[Silmaril]] of Beren and Lúthien on the prow, as a sign of hope for [[Middle-earth]]. Elwing built a tower in the Shadowy Seas and often met him on his return.

The heirs of Elrond, including Arwen Undómiel, also had the free choice of kindred, therefore Arwen could choose to be counted amongst the Edain even though her father had chosen to be counted as Elven. The heirs of Elros were not given this choice, but their lifespan was enhanced many times that of normal Men. In later times the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] Kings, descendants of Elros, regretted their forefather's choice, and this helped lead to the Downfall of Númenor.

Dior was the son of Beren and Lúthien, and he was therefore also counted as Half-elven, as were his children with the Elf Nimloth of [[Doriath]], Eluréd, Elurín, and Elwing. Eluréd and Elurín were killed, but Elwing was given her choice of kindred. Dior and his descendants also descend from the angelic beings the [[Maiar]], through Dior's grandmother, and Luthien's mother, Melian.

[[Arwen]], daughter of Elrond, married [[Aragorn]], heir of Elros, and thus the two Half-elven lines were merged in the [[Fourth Age]]. Their son [[Eldarion]] and their daughters were not counted as Half-elven, but rather as [[Dúnedain]] restored.

==See also==
*[[Kinship of the Half-elven]]
==Notes==

{{references}}
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[de:Halbelben]]
[[fi:Puolhaltiat]]

Maedhros

2015-10-15T00:01:41Z

Eryniel Alassë: Fixed Maedhros' name from "Maedros" (SERIOUSLY, people?) and other name inaccuracies, smoothed phrasing in several places

{{noldor infobox
| name=Maedhros
| image=[[File:Catherine Chmiel - Maitimo.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Maitimo" by [[Catherine Chmiel]]
| pronun=
| othernames='''[[Nelyafinwë]]''' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]) '''[[Maitimo]]''' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]]) '''[[Russandol]]''' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[epessë]]) ''Maedhros the Tall''
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]] [[Formenos]][[March of Maedhros|March of Maedhros]] ([[Himring]])[[Amon Ereb]][[Isle of Balar]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Fëanor]][[Union of Maedhros]]
| language=[[Quenya]][[Sindarin]]
| birth=after {{YT|1190}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|587}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Fëanor]]
| parentage=[[Fëanor]] (father)[[Nerdanel]] (mother)
| siblings=[[Maglor]] (brother)[[Celegorm]] (brother)[[Curufin]] (brother)[[Caranthir]] (brother)[[Amras]] (brother)[[Amrod]] (brother)
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Dark red
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sword
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|[[Mithrim|There]] Maedhros in time was healed; for the fire of life was hot within him, and his strength was of the ancient world, such as those possessed who were nurtured in [[Valinor]]. His body recovered from his torment and became hale, but the shadow of his pain was in his heart; and he lived to wield his sword with left hand more deadly than his right had been.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Return of the Noldor]]}}</center>

'''Maedhros''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[maɛðros]}}), was one of the princes of the [[Noldor]], the eldest of the seven [[sons of Fëanor]] and head of the [[House of Fëanor]] following the death of his [[Fëanor|father]] in [[Middle-earth]].

== History ==
=== Life in Valinor ===
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Oath of Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''The Oath of Fëanor'']]
Maedhros was born during the Time of the [[Two Trees]] in [[Valinor]]. Little is mentioned about Maedhros' youth. Born to Fëanor and Nerdanel during the [[Years of the Trees]] in [[Aman]], he was the eldest of their seven sons. With their father, they often traveled far and wide in Valinor. During this time Maedhros befriended [[Fingon]], son of [[Fingolfin]], for whom Fëanor had no love.

After the banishment of [[Fëanor]] from [[Tirion]] in Valinor he went with his father to [[Formenos]] in exile.<ref>{{S|7}}</ref> When [[Morgoth]] killed Finwë and stole Fëanor's beloved [[Silmarils]], Maedhros was the first son to take the terrible [[Oath of Fëanor]] to recover the jewels.<ref name="Flight">{{S|Flight}}</ref>

Maedhros went with his father to [[Alqualondë]], where the [[First Kinslaying]] broke out, in which he took part. When Fëanor sailed off without the host of [[Fingolfin]], Maedhros thought that he was planning to return and carry across the others. He expected that the first ship would carry [[Fingon]], his best friend. When he learned that Fëanor planned to abandon them, he was angry and, alone of his brothers refused to help burn the ships to prevent Fingolfin from following.<ref name="Flight"/>

=== Maedhros' Imprisonment and Rescue ===
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Speed now this feathered shaft.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Speed now this feathered shaft'']]
When Fëanor was killed in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], Maedhros became the [[King of the Noldor]]. However, this position was held only briefly, as [[Morgoth]] sent an embassy, feigning the surrender of a Silmaril.

Driven by the Oath, Maedhros also feigned to treat with Morgoth, but instead he was captured by Morgoth's embassy and hung by the wrist of his right hand upon the face of a precipice of [[Thangorodrim]], for about 400 years.<ref name="Return">{{S|13}}</ref> It should be noted that this aforementioned measurement is often disputed due to the differences in the Years of Sun and the Years of the Trees, also known as [[yéni]].

Years later, in a daring rescue, his cousin [[Fingon]], helped by [[Thorondor]] the King of Eagles, saved him from torment, but he had to cut off Maedhros' hand to release him from the shackle. In gratitude for this, and in atonement for Fëanor's desertion of the rest of the Noldor, Maedhros relinquished all claim as the heir of Finwë and made his uncle [[Fingolfin]], Fingon's father, [[High King of the Noldor]], something his brothers bitterly resented.<ref name="Return"/>

Seeing that his brothers were likely to cause feuds with their kinsmen, Maedhros moved them out of [[Hithlum]], and later ruled the lands around the [[Hill of Himring]], which became known as the [[March of Maedhros]]. Allied with Fingolfin, he won the battle of [[Dagor Aglareb]], and, thanks to his daring deeds during the [[Dagor Bragollach]], [[Himring]] stood while many other elven realms fell.

=== Union of Maedhros ===
==== Friendship of Maedhros and Azaghâl ====
During the [[Siege of Angband]], [[Azaghâl]], the Lord of [[Belegost]], was surrounded by the Orcs while travelling - but Maedhros came to his rescue, and in token of his help Azaghâl gave to him the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin|Dragon-helm]], made by [[Telchar]] of [[Nogrod]]. This friendship between Maedhros and Azaghâl would prove of great importance in the light of the events that followed.<ref>{{UT|Narn}}</ref>

==== Coming of the Easterlings ====
In the year {{FA|463}}, various tribes of [[Men]], known in general as the "[[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]]", came over the [[Blue Mountains]] into [[Beleriand]]. The greatest of their leaders were [[Bór]] and [[Ulfang]]. Bór swore an allegiance to Maedhros and was given leave to dwell in his land.<ref>{{S|18}}</ref>

==== Nirnaeth Arnoediad ====
Under the Union of Maedhros all the [[Elves]] of Beleriand, as well as the [[Edain]], [[Dwarves]], and the newly arrived [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]] were invited to combine in arms and fight Morgoth. The Union first cleared Beleriand and Dorthonion of Orcs, and then gathered to assault [[Thangorodrim]].<ref name="Nirn">{{S|20}}</ref>

The plan was for Maedhros' host in the east to assault and draw out the army of Angband, after which Fingon's host would attack from the [[Ered Wethrin]], taking the offensive in the west, crushing Morgoth's forces between them.<ref name="Nirn"/>

Under Maedhros in the east were gathered the remainder of the [[sons of Fëanor]], the Elves and Men of [[Himring]] under Maedhros and Bór, and the men of Amon Ereb under Caranthir and Ulfang.<ref name="Nirn"/>

Under Fingon in the west were gathered the Elves and Men of [[Hithlum]], the Elves of the [[Falas]], the [[Halethrim]] of [[Brethil]] and the companies sent from [[Nargothrond]] and the two elves of [[Doriath]], [[Beleg]] and [[Mablung]].<ref name="Nirn"/>

Because of the evil deeds of [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], two of Maedhros' brothers, Nargothrond would send only a small company of Elves under [[Gwindor]]. From Doriath, where [[Thingol]] had sworn never to fight beside any son of Fëanor, came only [[Mablung]] and [[Beleg]], who did not wish to remain behind. However, [[Turgon]] unexpectedly came forth with over ten thousand Elves from [[Gondolin]], doubling the force of the west.<ref name="Nirn"/>

[[File:Alan Lee - The Battle of Unnumbered Tears.jpg|thumb|left|300px|[[Alan Lee]] - ''The Battle of Unnumbered Tears'']]
But Morgoth through his spies had learned of the battle plan, and his spy [[Ulfang]], who betrayed the Noldor, delayed Maedhros' attack. A small host of Orcs sallied forth from [[Angband]] to provoke the Western host to attack. Within sight of the [[Ered Wethrin]], Gwindor's brother, [[Gelmir (son of Guilin)|Gelmir]], captured during the Dagor Bragollach, was brought forth and brutally slain. Enraged, Gwindor broke ranks, and with him most of Fingon's troops. The Orcs were swiftly defeated, and the sudden charge of Fingon's army nearly foiled Morgoth's plans; the forces of Gwindor and Fingon pushed forth, reaching Angband itself.<ref name="Nirn"/>

It is said that Morgoth trembled on his throne as Gwindor's company pounded at his gates. They burst through, and slew the guards on the steps of Angband. They were then ambushed with hidden forces set about Angband; all of Gwindor's company was slain, save for Gwindor himself, who was captured. From clandestine gates around Angband, thousands of Orcs erupted suddenly, repelling the host of Fingon from the walls. The Elven army was driven back in great slaughter, and many of the Halethrim fell fighting in the rearguard.
Turgon, who had withheld his host from the reckless charge, now came upon the Orc host. The phalanx of Turgon broke through the Angband lines, and met with the guard of Fingon.<ref name="Nirn"/>

Finally Maedhros arrived, but before he could make junction with Fingon and Turgon, [[Glaurung]] the dragon and [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] lord of [[Balrogs|Balrog]]s intercepted him. Union forces could yet have prevailed, but the traitorous [[Uldor]] son of Ulfang turned ranks and attacked Maedhros in the rear, while more of his kin came down from the mountains and attacked from the east. [[Maglor]] slew Uldor in single combat, but could not turn the tide of the battle; and Bór and his sons slew the remaining sons of Ulfang the Black, but were themselves slain in turn - thus they won renown, and remained faithful to Maedhros. Under assault from three sides, the eastern host was scattered, and only the valour of the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] helped them escape, as their lord Azaghâl and his forces held off Glaurung, allowing the [[sons of Fëanor]] to escape into [[Ossiriand]].<ref name="Nirn"/>

[[File:Joona Kujanen - The Fall of Azaghal.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Joona Kujanen - ''The Fall of Azaghâl'']]
[[File:Joona Kujanen - Men of Dor-Lomin, to the death.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Joona Kujanen - ''Men of Dor-lómin, to the death'']]
Azaghâl and his army fought with fierce iron masks on, and they were able to resist the fire far better than any Elf or Man. Then Glaurung trampled Azaghâl beneath his feet, but Azaghâl ran a dagger through Glaurung's stomach, and the dragon fled in pain. Many of Morgoth's forces retreated with him. In a solemn ceremony the Dwarves picked up their fallen leader, abandoning the battle, and marched him home in a great procession. Their wrath was so great that none troubled them.<ref name="Nirn"/>

All this had not helped the western host, who were attacked by many Orcs under Gothmog. Gothmog cut a path to Fingon and fought him in single combat. Fingon fell under his might, and [[Húrin]] begged Turgon to retreat back to Gondolin. [[Huor]] and Húrin and the remaining [[Men of Dor-lómin]] formed a living wall across the [[Fen of Serech]], buying time for Turgon to escape with most of the surviving Elves of the north. Acting as a rearguard, almost all these Men were slain; Huor fell when his eye was pierced by a poisoned arrow. His brother Húrin fought ferociously to buy his allies time to escape, fighting until his axe withered away. Morgoth had ordered him to be taken alive, however; he killed no fewer than seventy Orcs and Trolls before he became pinned under their corpses, and was later taken prisoner by Gothmog.<ref name="Nirn"/>

==== Aftermath ====
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Ossiriand.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Ossiriand'']]
<center>{{quote|Yet fate saved the sons of Fëanor, and though all were wounded none were slain, for they drew together, and gathering a remnant of the Noldor and the Naugrim about them they hewed a way out of the battle and escaped far away towards Mount Dolmed in the east.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Fifth Battle: Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]}}</center>

After the disastrous battle, Maedhros and his brethren were scattered and sought refuge in the [[East Beleriand]], at [[Amon Ereb]]. There they would dwell for a time until their oath started to stir them to the evil deeds that followed after.<ref name="Nirn"/>

=== The Second Kinslaying ===
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Oath Has Been Awakened....jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''The Oath Has Been Awakened...'']]
Maedhros learned that [[Dior]], son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]], had inherited the Silmaril that they had recovered from Morgoth. Still driven by the Oath, he allowed his brother [[Celegorm]] to convince him to attack Doriath. But first he sent Curufin to bear a message to Dior bidding him to surrender the Silmaril. But Dior made no clear answer and sent Curufin away.<ref name="Naug"/>

The sons of Fëanor along with their followers came at unawares in the middle of winter and fought with the [[Iathrim]] in the northern marches of [[Doriath]]. There Curufin and Caranthir fell, pierced by many arrows.<ref name="Naug">{{LT2|IV}}</ref> And so occurred the second slaying of Elf by Elf. There also fell Celegorm by Dior's hand in [[Menegroth]] itself. But Dior was also slain, and the cruel servants of Celegorm seized his young twin sons [[Eluréd]] and [[Elurín]] and left them to starve in the forest. Of this Maedhros repented, and sought for them long in the forest, but his search was unavailing, and the fate of Dior's sons is not known.<ref name="Doriath"/>

Thus Doriath was destroyed and never rose again. Even so, the sons of Fëanor gained not what they sought. For a remnant of the people fled before them, and with them was Elwing Dior's daughter, and they escaped, and bearing with them the Silmaril came to the [[Mouths of Sirion]] by the [[Belegaer|sea]].<ref name="Doriath">{{S|22}}</ref>

=== The Third Kinslaying ===
[[File:Catherine Karina Chmiel - And Maglor took pity upon them.jpg|thumb|right|[[Catherine Chmiel]] - ''And Maglor took pity upon them'']]
After learning that [[Elwing]], Dior's daughter, had survived, and dwells at the [[Havens of Sirion]] with a Silmaril, Maedhros, regretting his past deeds, did not immediately act. But after a while, he sent messengers to the Havens, wishing Elwing and her people well, but still demanding sternly the return of the Silmaril to the sons of Fëanor.<ref name="Oath"/>

However, the people of Sirion refused to surrender the Silmaril, and Maedhros finally, in {{FA|538}}, with Maglor and Amros his remaining brothers, descended upon the Havens of Sirion with his army. Many of the people at the Havens joined Maedhros in the slaughter, and many of Maedhros' own men repented and were in turn slain trying to protect the people of the Havens.<ref name="Oath"/>

But the Silmaril was lost again, for Elwing cast herself and the Silmaril into the sea. Amros, Maedhros' younger brother died there<ref name="Oath"/>, as well as [[Egalmoth]] of Gondolin<ref>{{LT2|IIIn}}</ref> and [[Dírhaval]] the poet who wrote the ''[[Narn i Chîn Húrin]]''.<ref>{{WJ|Aelfwine}}</ref>

Of all the slayings of Elf by Elf this was deemed the cruelest, but the sons of [[Eärendil]] and Elwing - [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]] - were spared, and Maglor took care of them and fostered them, and great love grew between them.<ref name="Oath"/>

=== The Last End of the Oath of Fëanor ===
[[File:Catherine Karina Chmiel - Maedhros and Maglor prepared to defend themselves and die.jpg|thumb|left|[[Catherine Chmiel]] - ''Maedhros and Maglor prepared to defend themselves and die'']]
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - It ends in flame.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''It ends in flame'']]
After a while, Maedhros and Maglor removed themselves to the [[Isle of Balar]], and in {{FA|545}} the [[Host of Valinor]] reached Beleriand under the command of [[Eönwë]] and thus began the [[War of Wrath]].<ref name="Oath">{{S|24}}</ref>

Finally, the army of Valinor was victorious and in {{FA|587}} Morgoth was finally overthrown and the two remaining Silmarils taken from his crown, and they were given to the keeping of Eönwë.<ref name="Oath"/>

But Maedhros and Maglor were yet again tormented by their oath. And they debated long if they should relinquish their claim and break their oath, and Maglor was indeed willing to submit to the summons of Eönwë to come back to Valinor and hear the judgement of the Valar. But Maedhros convinced him otherwise, saying that they swore their oath by invoking [[Ilúvatar]] Himself as a witness, and that the Everlasting Darkness would take them if they broke it.<ref name="Oath"/>

Finally, at night, Maedhros and Maglor stole into the camp of Eönwë and slew the guards, and took the two Silmarils. But they were discovered, and they prepared to die there, but Eönwë forbid the slaying of the two brothers and let them go with the remaining Silmarils. But they soon found out that the Silmarils burned their hands and tormented their minds, due to their evil deeds. Maglor cast his Silmaril into the [[Great Sea]], but Maedhros, unable to endure the torment of the touch of the Holy Jewel, cast himself into the fiery chasm and thus he ended his life.<ref name="Oath"/>

== Etymology ==
Maedhros' [[father-name]] was '''[[Nelyafinwë]]''', meaning "Finwë the Third", shorter form '''Nelyo''', as his grandfather and father both shared the name ''Finwë''. ''[[Nelya]]'' is a [[Quenya]] adjective that means "third". His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''[[Maitimo]]''', "Well-shaped One", for he was noted for his comeliness. His [[epessë]] was '''[[Russandol]]''', "Copper-top", referring to the dark red hair he inherited from his grandfather [[Mahtan]]. It is derived from ''[[russa]]'', a Quenya adjective meaning "red-haired".

In ''[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]'', note# 65, it is said that the names Maitimo and Russandol are the base for the [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] name Maedhros (derived from a contraction of ''Mait-'' + ''Rus-'').

In the earlier work ''[[The Etymologies]]'', the name Maedhros is original [[Noldorin]], and is said to mean "Pale-glitter". It is formed by the adding up ''[[maidh]]'' ("pale", "fallow" or "fawn") and "archaic" ''[[rhoss]]'' ("flash", "glitter of metal").

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]] ''b. {{YT}}''| MIR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=[[Nerdanel]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FEA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Lalwen]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CUR | | CAR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH='''MAEDHROS''' ''d. {{FA|587}}''|MAG=[[Maglor]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celegorm]] ''d. {{FA|507}}''|CAR=[[Caranthir]] ''d. {{FA|507}}''|CUR=[[Curufin]] ''d. {{FA|507}}''|AMD=[[Amras]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''|AMR=[[Amrod]] ''d. {{YT|1497}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]] ''d. {{SA|1697}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Sons of Fëanor]]
[[de:Maedhros]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/maedhros]]
[[fi:Maedhros]]

Varda

2015-10-14T09:00:15Z

Eryniel Alassë: Repaired link

{{Expansion}}
{{Disambig-more|Elbereth|[[Elbereth (disambiguation)]]}}
{{valar infobox
| name=Varda
| image=[[File:NOLANOS - La Dama de las Estrellas.jpg|250px]]
| caption="La Dama de las Estrellas" by [[:Category:Images by NOLANOS|NOLANOS]]
| pronun=
| othernames=See ''[[#Names and epithets|Names and epithets]]''
| titles=Queen of the [[Valar]], Lady of the Stars
| position=The [[stars]]
| location=[[Ilmarin]], [[Taniquetil]]
| affiliation=[[Ilmarë]] and [[Gandalf|Olórin]]
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Manwë]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|O stars that in the Sunless Year With shining hand by her were sown, In Windy fields now bright and clear We see your silver blossom blown!|[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth|Hymn to Elbereth]]}}
'''Varda Elentári''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˈvarda ˌelenˈtaːri]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˈβarda ˌelenˈtaːri]}}), known in [[Sindarin]] as '''Elbereth Gilthoniel''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈelbereθ ɡilˈθonjel]}}), was a [[Valar|Valië]], one of the [[Aratar]], the wife of [[Manwë]] and Queen of the Valar. Elves love and revere her most of all the Valar, and they call upon her in their hours of deepest darkness.<ref name=vala/> Her handmaiden is [[Ilmarë]], a Chief of the [[Maiar]].<ref>{{S|IIc}}</ref>

Varda knows all the regions of [[Eä]]. She rejoices in light and was said to be too beautiful for words. Within her face radiated the light of [[Ilúvatar]].<ref name=vala/> She appeared in shining white ''[[fana]]'' in visions to the Elves of Middle-earth, and thus was called [[Fanuilos]] (Snow-white).<ref>{{RGEO|7}}, p. 74</ref>
==History==
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Varda and Manwë in Valinor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Varda and Manwë in Valinor'']]
When [[Morgoth|Melkor]] first began to create his discord, Varda saw his mind, and despised him. Melkor feared and hated Varda the most out of the Valar. When [[Manwë]] [[First War|contested]] with him for [[Arda]], Varda came from the deeps of Eä to his side.<ref name=vala>{{S|IIb}}</ref>

During the [[Spring of Arda]], she filled the [[Two Lamps]] with light.<ref>{{S|1}}</ref>

She resided with [[Manwë]] in [[Ilmarin]] and aids him in the rule of [[Arda]]. With her, Manwë sees beyond all eyes, through mist and darkness, and with him, Varda can hear all voices from every corner of the world.<ref name=vala/> In [[Valinor]] she kept the dews of the [[Two Trees]] in the [[Wells of Varda]]. She created the newer stars with the dews from the vats of [[Telperion]], the first of the [[Two Trees]], in preparation for [[Awakening of the Elves]]. This was said to be the greatest labour of the Valar since the beginning of time, and when the Elves awoke in Middle-earth they beheld first the stars which Varda had made. For this, Varda is the Vala most loved and revered by the [[Elves]].<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref><ref name=vala/>

She also hallowed the [[Silmarils]] of [[Fëanor]] when he created them.<ref>{{S|7}}</ref> She established the courses of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]].<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref> At the end of the [[First Age]], she placed [[Eärendil]] [[Star of Eärendil|as a star]] in the sky.<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

In [[Middle-earth]], she was revered by the Elves who called her name and sung hymns to her (such as the [[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]) and perhaps answered to prayers, even to [[Samwise Gamgee]].<ref>{{TT|Lair}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Varda'' is a [[Quenya]] name,<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 82</ref> meaning "sublime" or "lofty", from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''[[baradâ]]'', merged with ''[[barathî]]''.{{fact}}

In [[Telerin]] she was called ''[[Baradis]]'', and in [[Sindarin]] ''Elbereth''.

All these come from the [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[BARAT|BARÁD/BARATH]].<ref name=Ety351>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 351</ref>

In [[Adûnaic]], her name was adapted rather than translated; it became '''Avradî'''.

Some older forms were ''Baráda, Bridhil, Timbridhil'' and ''Tinwetári''.

'''''Elbereth''''' derives from ''[[elen]]-[[bereth]]'' meaning "star-queen". It represents evolution of [[Primitive Quendian]] *''[[elen]]-[[barathî]]'' (the final ''-i'' [[i-affection|umlauted]] the word to ''berethi'') > ''elemberethi'' > ''elbereth''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Donald Swann]], ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'', "[[A Elbereth Gilthoniel]]"</ref>

==Names and epithets==
She was also known as ''[[Elentári]]'' "Star-queen", ''[[Tintallë]]'' "Star-kindler". Another title for Varda was '''''[[Airë]] [[Tári]]''''', the "holy queen".<ref name=Shibb>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 363-4 (note 45)</ref>

In [[Sindarin]] she is also known as '''Gilthoniel''' (Starkindler), '''[[Fanuilos]]''' (Ever-white).

In Adûnaic she was also called '''Gimilnitîr''' "starkindler".

She is also referred to by the epithets ''The Kindler'', ''Lady of the Stars'', ''Queen of the Stars'', ''Snow-white''. They are translations of her Elvish names.

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| MEL | | MAN |~| VAR | |MEL=[[Melkor]]|MAN=[[Manwë]]|VAR='''VARDA'''}}
{{familytree/end}}

===Other versions of the legendarium===
In Tolkien's early [[Qenya]], ''Vard-'' was a root referring to royalty. Related words were ''vardar'' "king" and ''vardo'' "prince"; they do not appear in the later inception of Quenya.

==Inspiration==
The Valar, being divine beings below the ultimate Creator, [[Ilúvatar]], are thought of as being the [[Middle-earth]] equivalent of saints and angels; it has therefore been suggested that Varda, in her role as the most loved and prayed-to Vala, may be an equivalent of the Virgin Mary in Tolkien's own Catholic faith. Another suggestion is the goddess of wisdom, [[Wikipedia:Sophia (wisdom)|Sophia]], also associated with the stars.<ref>Rose Thomas, "Is Varda the Wisdom of Eru?", in ''[[Amon Hen]]'' 245, pp. 15-6</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Varda|Images of Varda]]

{{References}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Varda]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/aratar/varda]]
[[fi:Varda]]

Varda

2015-10-14T08:59:01Z

Eryniel Alassë: Added diacritics

{{Expansion}}
{{Disambig-more|Elbereth|[[Elbereth (disambiguation)]]}}
{{valar infobox
| name=Varda
| image=[[File:NOLANOS - La Dama de las Estrellas.jpg|250px]]
| caption="La Dama de las Estrellas" by [[:Category:Images by NOLANOS|NOLANOS]]
| pronun=
| othernames=See ''[[#Names and epithets|Names and epithets]]''
| titles=Queen of the [[Valar]], Lady of the Stars
| position=The [[stars]]
| location=[[Ilmarin]], [[Taniquetil]]
| affiliation=[[Ilmarë]] and [[Gandalf|Olórin]]
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Manwë]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|O stars that in the Sunless Year With shining hand by her were sown, In Windy fields now bright and clear We see your silver blossom blown!|[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth|Hymn to Elbereth]]}}
'''Varda Elentári''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˈvarda ˌelenˈtaːri]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˈβarda ˌelenˈtaːri]}}), known in [[Sindarin]] as '''Elbereth Gilthoniel''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈelbereθ ɡilˈθonjel]}}), was a [[Valar|Valië]], one of the [[Aratar]], the wife of [[Manwë]] and Queen of the Valar. Elves love and revere her most of all the Valar, and they call upon her in their hours of deepest darkness.<ref name=vala/> Her handmaiden is [[Ilmarë], a Chief of the [[Maiar]].<ref>{{S|IIc}}</ref>

Varda knows all the regions of [[Eä]]. She rejoices in light and was said to be too beautiful for words. Within her face radiated the light of [[Ilúvatar]].<ref name=vala/> She appeared in shining white ''[[fana]]'' in visions to the Elves of Middle-earth, and thus was called [[Fanuilos]] (Snow-white).<ref>{{RGEO|7}}, p. 74</ref>
==History==
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Varda and Manwë in Valinor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Varda and Manwë in Valinor'']]
When [[Morgoth|Melkor]] first began to create his discord, Varda saw his mind, and despised him. Melkor feared and hated Varda the most out of the Valar. When [[Manwë]] [[First War|contested]] with him for [[Arda]], Varda came from the deeps of Eä to his side.<ref name=vala>{{S|IIb}}</ref>

During the [[Spring of Arda]], she filled the [[Two Lamps]] with light.<ref>{{S|1}}</ref>

She resided with [[Manwë]] in [[Ilmarin]] and aids him in the rule of [[Arda]]. With her, Manwë sees beyond all eyes, through mist and darkness, and with him, Varda can hear all voices from every corner of the world.<ref name=vala/> In [[Valinor]] she kept the dews of the [[Two Trees]] in the [[Wells of Varda]]. She created the newer stars with the dews from the vats of [[Telperion]], the first of the [[Two Trees]], in preparation for [[Awakening of the Elves]]. This was said to be the greatest labour of the Valar since the beginning of time, and when the Elves awoke in Middle-earth they beheld first the stars which Varda had made. For this, Varda is the Vala most loved and revered by the [[Elves]].<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref><ref name=vala/>

She also hallowed the [[Silmarils]] of [[Fëanor]] when he created them.<ref>{{S|7}}</ref> She established the courses of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]].<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref> At the end of the [[First Age]], she placed [[Eärendil]] [[Star of Eärendil|as a star]] in the sky.<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

In [[Middle-earth]], she was revered by the Elves who called her name and sung hymns to her (such as the [[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]) and perhaps answered to prayers, even to [[Samwise Gamgee]].<ref>{{TT|Lair}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Varda'' is a [[Quenya]] name,<ref>{{PE|21}}, p. 82</ref> meaning "sublime" or "lofty", from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''[[baradâ]]'', merged with ''[[barathî]]''.{{fact}}

In [[Telerin]] she was called ''[[Baradis]]'', and in [[Sindarin]] ''Elbereth''.

All these come from the [[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[BARAT|BARÁD/BARATH]].<ref name=Ety351>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 351</ref>

In [[Adûnaic]], her name was adapted rather than translated; it became '''Avradî'''.

Some older forms were ''Baráda, Bridhil, Timbridhil'' and ''Tinwetári''.

'''''Elbereth''''' derives from ''[[elen]]-[[bereth]]'' meaning "star-queen". It represents evolution of [[Primitive Quendian]] *''[[elen]]-[[barathî]]'' (the final ''-i'' [[i-affection|umlauted]] the word to ''berethi'') > ''elemberethi'' > ''elbereth''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Donald Swann]], ''[[The Road Goes Ever On (book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'', "[[A Elbereth Gilthoniel]]"</ref>

==Names and epithets==
She was also known as ''[[Elentári]]'' "Star-queen", ''[[Tintallë]]'' "Star-kindler". Another title for Varda was '''''[[Airë]] [[Tári]]''''', the "holy queen".<ref name=Shibb>{{PM|Shibboleth}}, pp. 363-4 (note 45)</ref>

In [[Sindarin]] she is also known as '''Gilthoniel''' (Starkindler), '''[[Fanuilos]]''' (Ever-white).

In Adûnaic she was also called '''Gimilnitîr''' "starkindler".

She is also referred to by the epithets ''The Kindler'', ''Lady of the Stars'', ''Queen of the Stars'', ''Snow-white''. They are translations of her Elvish names.

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| MEL | | MAN |~| VAR | |MEL=[[Melkor]]|MAN=[[Manwë]]|VAR='''VARDA'''}}
{{familytree/end}}

===Other versions of the legendarium===
In Tolkien's early [[Qenya]], ''Vard-'' was a root referring to royalty. Related words were ''vardar'' "king" and ''vardo'' "prince"; they do not appear in the later inception of Quenya.

==Inspiration==
The Valar, being divine beings below the ultimate Creator, [[Ilúvatar]], are thought of as being the [[Middle-earth]] equivalent of saints and angels; it has therefore been suggested that Varda, in her role as the most loved and prayed-to Vala, may be an equivalent of the Virgin Mary in Tolkien's own Catholic faith. Another suggestion is the goddess of wisdom, [[Wikipedia:Sophia (wisdom)|Sophia]], also associated with the stars.<ref>Rose Thomas, "Is Varda the Wisdom of Eru?", in ''[[Amon Hen]]'' 245, pp. 15-6</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Varda|Images of Varda]]

{{References}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Varda]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/aratar/varda]]
[[fi:Varda]]

Palantíri

2015-09-21T11:33:37Z

Eryniel Alassë: Removed editing mistake

{{disambig-more|Palantír|[[Palantir (disambiguation)]]}}
{{objects
| image=[[File:Raphael Rau - Palantir.jpg|250px]]
| name=Palantíri
| othernames=Seeing Stones
| derivation=
| location=Various locations in [[Endor]]
| ownedby=[[Elendil]] and his line, [[Ruling Stewards]], [[Saruman]]
| maker=[[Fëanor]]<ref name="SIndex">{{S|Index}}</ref>
| appearance=Smooth, round, dark stones
| references=
}}
{{quote|The ''palantír'' replied to each, but all those in [[Gondor]] were ever open to the view of [[Osgiliath]]. Now it appears that, as the [[Orthanc|rock of Orthanc]] has withstood the storms of time, so there the ''palantír'' of that tower has remained. But alone it could do nothing but see small images of things far off and days remote. Very useful, no doubt, that was to [[Saruman]]; yet it seems that he was not content. Further and further abroad he gazed, until he cast his gaze upon [[Barad-dûr]]. Then he was caught!|[[Gandalf]], ''[[The Palantír]]''}}
The '''''palantíri''''' (sometimes translated as "''Seeing Stones''") were stones that could be used in communication with one another, and also to see many things across the face of the world. When its master looked in it, he could communicate with other Stones and anyone who might be looking into them; people of great power can manipulate the Stones to see virtually any part of the world.

==History==
===Origin and early history===
The ''palantíri'' were made by [[Fëanor]] in the [[Uttermost West]].<ref name="SIndex"/> Many ''palantíri'' were made, but the number is not known. Some of these were given to the [[Dúnedain]] of [[Númenor]] by [[Gil-galad]] as a gift during the [[Second Age]]. Of these, [[Elendil]] took seven with him in his flight to [[Middle-earth]] upon the [[Downfall of Númenor]], and in time they were distributed to seven different locations: four in [[Gondor]] and three in [[Arnor]].<ref name="SRings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> They were used largely for communication, but also to see what was occurring throughout the respective realms. Their existence was common knowledge, but no one was allowed easy access to them save for kings and rulers, appointed wardens, or by royal command.

===Third Age and beyond===
One by one the stones vanished from public knowledge or were lost. The [[Osgiliath-stone]] fell into [[Anduin]] during the [[Kin-strife]] and burning of that city in {{TA|1437}}. When [[Arvedui]], [[King of Arnor]], was shipwrecked and his line ended in {{TA|1975|n}}, he drowned with the ''palantíri'' of [[Amon Sûl-stone|Amon Sûl]] and [[Annúminas-stone|Annúminas]], the only communicating stones of Arnor. When [[Minas Ithil]] fell in {{TA|2002|n}}, the stone was assumed destroyed in general. The wiser and more foresighted men of Gondor decided that in case Sauron had seized the Stone, they would stop using the [[Anor-stone]] to prevent any contact with the [[Dark Lord]]. As the [[Elostirion-stone]] was locked away and could not answer the other stones anyway, the only remaining stone was the [[Orthanc-stone]], which became useless to the Gondorians. When [[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Beren]] gave [[Saruman]] the deserted but secure [[Orthanc]] in {{TA|2759|n}}, he likely assumed that Saruman, head of the leading order against Sauron, would keep it safe.

Several of these hidden or lost stones came to light during the [[War of the Ring]]. Previous to this, Saruman used his ''palantír'' to gain knowledge, and eventually was caught when he dared to look toward [[Mordor]]. Thus, the above war was greatly affected by these stones. Later, in the final weeks of the War, its rightful master [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] wrested it to his will, so that it no longer had a connection with the stolen Ithil stone. {{fact}}

The second ''palantír'' to be revealed was that of Minas Anor. Denethor, too, had glanced toward Mordor with it, but his great hate of incarnate evil and power of will prevented him from being snared, though it taxed him greatly. Partially because of what he saw he eventually committed suicide in the darkest hour. This stone was later used by King [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], though it is said that anyone of weaker will who looked into it would see the writhing hands of Denethor in his final agony.

The final fate of most of the stones is unknown. The Elostirion-stone was taken west with the [[Ring-bearers]] in {{TA|3021|n}} of the [[Third Age]], severing the last link of [[Middle-earth]] to [[Valinor]]. The stones of Anor and Orthanc are believed to have been reinstated in the [[Reunited Kingdom]] and used officially once more. The Ithil-stone may have been destroyed in the fall of Barad-dûr, but it is also possible that it too was found and reused in the Reunited Kingdom. Whether or not the other three lost stones were ever found is never indicated; the Osgiliath-stone may have rolled into the Sea, or it may have lain still in the Anduin. The stones of Arnor, however, were lost in the frozen seas of [[Forochel]], and therefore it is highly unlikely that they could ever be recovered.

==Timeline==
*{{SA|3319}} - [[Downfall of Númenor]]; seven Stones are taken to [[Middle-earth]] by the [[Faithful]]
*{{TA|861}} - Division of [[Arnor]]; the [[Amon Sûl-stone]] is contested by [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]].
*{{TA|1409}} - The watchtower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] is destroyed by [[Angmar]]'s forces; the Amon Sûl-stone is taken to [[Fornost Erain]]
*{{TA|1437}} - Burning of [[Osgiliath]]; the [[Osgiliath-stone]] falls into [[Anduin]]
*{{TA|1974}} - Fall of [[Arthedain]]; [[Arvedui]] salvages the Amon Sûl and [[Annúminas-stone]]s and takes them with him.
*{{TA|1975}} - Amon Sûl and Annúminas-stones sink in [[Forochel]]
*{{TA|2002}} - Sauron seizes the [[Ithil-stone]]. Gondorians stop using the [[Anor-stone]] and [[Orthanc-stone]].
*{{TA|2759}} - [[Saruman]] assumes the Orthanc-stone.
*c. {{TA|3000}} - Saruman is corrupted by the Stone.
*{{TA|3019}} - The Stone is thrown by [[Gríma|Wormtongue]]; [[Aragorn]] twists the stone to his will.
*{{TA|3021}} - The [[Elostirion-stone]] is taken West on the [[White Ship]]

==Appearance==
They were perfect spheres, appearing to be made of solid glass or deep black crystal. The smallest stones were one foot in diameter; the larger stones too large for a single man to bear. They were unbreakable save, some thought, by the fires of [[Orodruin]].

==The Stones==
[[File:John Howe - Saruman's Palantir.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Saruman's Palantír'']]
* The '''[[Master-stone]]''' was not one of the seven, but remained in the [[Tower of Avallónë]] in [[Tol Eressëa]]. It was the master stone. It apparently could not communicate with the stones of [[Middle-earth]], or at least is not mentioned having done so.

* The '''[[Osgiliath-stone]]''' was the largest stone among the seven, and chief among them. It was placed in a prominent building in [[Osgiliath]], the capital city of the kingdom of [[Gondor]]. The ceiling of its chamber was painted to resemble a starry sky, and gave its name (''[[ost]]-[[gil]]iath'', the [[Dome of Stars]]) to the city itself. It was too large for one man to carry.

* The '''[[Elostirion-stone]]''', also known as the '''[[Elendil Stone]]''', was placed by [[Elendil]] in the tower of [[Elostirion]] in the [[Emyn Beraid]], just west of [[The Shire]]. The tower and stone were maintained and guarded by [[Círdan]] and the [[Lindon]]-[[elves]]. Elendil used it to look back along the [[Straight Road]] to [[Eressëa]] and even the [[Tower of Avallónë]] and the [[Master-stone]], and though it is indicated that he tried, he could not see the fallen Númenor. It could not be used in communication with the other stones, and was unique in this respect.

* The '''[[Amon Sûl-stone]]''' was placed in the watch-tower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]]. It was the largest and most powerful of the [[Arnor]]ian ''palantíri'' and the one most used in communication with [[Gondor]]. Like the Osgiliath-stone, it "could not be lifted by one man."

* The '''[[Annúminas-stone]]''' was also placed in Arnor, in the city of [[Annúminas]].

* The '''[[Ithil-stone]]''' was placed in [[Minas Ithil]], in the mountains that came to be known as the [[Ephel Dúath]]. When Minas Ithil fell to the [[Nazgûl]], the Ithil-stone was taken to [[Barad-dûr]] and used by [[Sauron]].

* The '''[[Orthanc-stone]]''' was placed in the great tower built by the [[Dúnedain]] in the Second Age at the southern end of the [[Misty Mountains]], [[Orthanc]]. It fell into the hands of the wizard [[Saruman]], who used it to garner information on his neighbors and their activities. The stone was also partially responsible for Saruman's fall from grace, as he was using it when he came upon [[Sauron]], and was ensnared by him. After the [[War of the Ring]], the Orthanc-stone remained in the custody of the Kings of Gondor in the [[Fourth Age]].

* The '''[[Anor-stone]]''' was placed at [[Minas Anor]], later renamed [[Minas Tirith]] and made the capital of [[Gondor]]. It was kept an unused secret by the Ruling Stewards until it was ultimately used by Steward [[Denethor|Denethor II]] to watch his land, and he eventually even challenged Sauron in a battle of wills. Denethor did not become corrupted, but the great effort of will that this required of him led him to age quickly. [[Denethor]] was holding the stone when he committed suicide on a funeral pyre, and after this, only people of exceeding power could see in it anything other than two flaming hands.

==Usage==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Saruman using Palantír.jpg|250px|thumb|Saruman with a ''palantír'' from Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]The purpose of the stones in general was dual: to communicate with one another, and to see afar. All the stones save for the Elostirion-stone could be used in communication with one another, although the bigger and more powerful stones were favored for this use over long distances. The great Osgiliath-stone could spy on communication by the lesser stones, and a few others apparently also had special abilities. The stones' gaze could penetrate beyond any solid object, such as into deep caverns, but required light to see anything. A technique called ''[[shrouding]]'' was used when something was to be kept secret from any possible watchers using the stones. Knowledge of this technique was lost in time, although Sauron probably knew of it.

The user or "surveyer" of a ''palantír'' would first assure himself that the stone was oriented properly. Usually the stones were held firmly so that this did not have to occur at each viewing. Then the surveyer would take up a position facing the direction he would want to look; for instance, if he wished to look west, he would stand on the eastern side of the stone. The major stones, however, could be rotated, and thus did not require moving about. The stones were apparently controlled by will power; although chance largely dictated precisely upon what the gaze of the stones lay, the surveyer could manipulate and shift the gaze by merely concentrating, even when not touching the stone. This concentrating, however, was quite taxing, and so was not generally used save in urgent situations. Zooming in could be accomplished through the same methods, and standing three feet away from the stone achieved the best clarity and widest scope. Stronger and more skilled surveyers could generally see more easily and with less difficulty than others.

To communicate with another stone, the viewer would orient himself and look toward the location of that stone, and the two stones would automatically connect with one another unless one was being used in another conversation. The surveyer would transmit his thoughts to the other stone by thinking, but the person on the other end would hear it in his head. The surveyer and his contact would see one another, but sounds could not be transmitted save through the above method of thought.

The stones were generally placed in bowls or depressions in tables of black marble, oriented through trial and error so that the poles of the stone aligned with the center of the world. The kings usually appointed deputies to look in the stone regularly, or on command, or in times of emergency. Others not authorized by the king could use them, but it took a great amount of willpower, and things were often less clear.

==Etymology==
The name '''''palantír''''' (pl. '''''palantíri''''') is [[Quenya]], meaning "Far-seer",<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/quen-eng.htm|articlename=Quettaparma Quenyallo|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=14 October 2013}}</ref> containing the element ''[[palan]]'' ("far and wide").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''palan''</ref>

The [[Sindarin]] name for the seeing-stones is '''''Gwahaedir'''''.<ref>{{PM|Second}}, p. 186 (n. 15)</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Didier Willis]]|articleurl=http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en-strict.html|articlename=Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary|dated=|website=[http://www.jrrvf.com/haut.shtml Jrrvf.com]|accessed=14 October 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of palantíri|Images of palantíri]]

{{Palantiri}}

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Palantiri}}
[[Category:Palantíri| ]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Palantíri]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/palantiri]]
[[fi:Palantíri]]

Palantíri

2015-09-21T11:32:45Z

Eryniel Alassë: Added accent to Avallónë

S{{disambig-more|Palantír|[[Palantir (disambiguation)]]}}
{{objects
| image=[[File:Raphael Rau - Palantir.jpg|250px]]
| name=Palantíri
| othernames=Seeing Stones
| derivation=
| location=Various locations in [[Endor]]
| ownedby=[[Elendil]] and his line, [[Ruling Stewards]], [[Saruman]]
| maker=[[Fëanor]]<ref name="SIndex">{{S|Index}}</ref>
| appearance=Smooth, round, dark stones
| references=
}}
{{quote|The ''palantír'' replied to each, but all those in [[Gondor]] were ever open to the view of [[Osgiliath]]. Now it appears that, as the [[Orthanc|rock of Orthanc]] has withstood the storms of time, so there the ''palantír'' of that tower has remained. But alone it could do nothing but see small images of things far off and days remote. Very useful, no doubt, that was to [[Saruman]]; yet it seems that he was not content. Further and further abroad he gazed, until he cast his gaze upon [[Barad-dûr]]. Then he was caught!|[[Gandalf]], ''[[The Palantír]]''}}
The '''''palantíri''''' (sometimes translated as "''Seeing Stones''") were stones that could be used in communication with one another, and also to see many things across the face of the world. When its master looked in it, he could communicate with other Stones and anyone who might be looking into them; people of great power can manipulate the Stones to see virtually any part of the world.

==History==
===Origin and early history===
The ''palantíri'' were made by [[Fëanor]] in the [[Uttermost West]].<ref name="SIndex"/> Many ''palantíri'' were made, but the number is not known. Some of these were given to the [[Dúnedain]] of [[Númenor]] by [[Gil-galad]] as a gift during the [[Second Age]]. Of these, [[Elendil]] took seven with him in his flight to [[Middle-earth]] upon the [[Downfall of Númenor]], and in time they were distributed to seven different locations: four in [[Gondor]] and three in [[Arnor]].<ref name="SRings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> They were used largely for communication, but also to see what was occurring throughout the respective realms. Their existence was common knowledge, but no one was allowed easy access to them save for kings and rulers, appointed wardens, or by royal command.

===Third Age and beyond===
One by one the stones vanished from public knowledge or were lost. The [[Osgiliath-stone]] fell into [[Anduin]] during the [[Kin-strife]] and burning of that city in {{TA|1437}}. When [[Arvedui]], [[King of Arnor]], was shipwrecked and his line ended in {{TA|1975|n}}, he drowned with the ''palantíri'' of [[Amon Sûl-stone|Amon Sûl]] and [[Annúminas-stone|Annúminas]], the only communicating stones of Arnor. When [[Minas Ithil]] fell in {{TA|2002|n}}, the stone was assumed destroyed in general. The wiser and more foresighted men of Gondor decided that in case Sauron had seized the Stone, they would stop using the [[Anor-stone]] to prevent any contact with the [[Dark Lord]]. As the [[Elostirion-stone]] was locked away and could not answer the other stones anyway, the only remaining stone was the [[Orthanc-stone]], which became useless to the Gondorians. When [[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Beren]] gave [[Saruman]] the deserted but secure [[Orthanc]] in {{TA|2759|n}}, he likely assumed that Saruman, head of the leading order against Sauron, would keep it safe.

Several of these hidden or lost stones came to light during the [[War of the Ring]]. Previous to this, Saruman used his ''palantír'' to gain knowledge, and eventually was caught when he dared to look toward [[Mordor]]. Thus, the above war was greatly affected by these stones. Later, in the final weeks of the War, its rightful master [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] wrested it to his will, so that it no longer had a connection with the stolen Ithil stone. {{fact}}

The second ''palantír'' to be revealed was that of Minas Anor. Denethor, too, had glanced toward Mordor with it, but his great hate of incarnate evil and power of will prevented him from being snared, though it taxed him greatly. Partially because of what he saw he eventually committed suicide in the darkest hour. This stone was later used by King [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], though it is said that anyone of weaker will who looked into it would see the writhing hands of Denethor in his final agony.

The final fate of most of the stones is unknown. The Elostirion-stone was taken west with the [[Ring-bearers]] in {{TA|3021|n}} of the [[Third Age]], severing the last link of [[Middle-earth]] to [[Valinor]]. The stones of Anor and Orthanc are believed to have been reinstated in the [[Reunited Kingdom]] and used officially once more. The Ithil-stone may have been destroyed in the fall of Barad-dûr, but it is also possible that it too was found and reused in the Reunited Kingdom. Whether or not the other three lost stones were ever found is never indicated; the Osgiliath-stone may have rolled into the Sea, or it may have lain still in the Anduin. The stones of Arnor, however, were lost in the frozen seas of [[Forochel]], and therefore it is highly unlikely that they could ever be recovered.

==Timeline==
*{{SA|3319}} - [[Downfall of Númenor]]; seven Stones are taken to [[Middle-earth]] by the [[Faithful]]
*{{TA|861}} - Division of [[Arnor]]; the [[Amon Sûl-stone]] is contested by [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]].
*{{TA|1409}} - The watchtower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] is destroyed by [[Angmar]]'s forces; the Amon Sûl-stone is taken to [[Fornost Erain]]
*{{TA|1437}} - Burning of [[Osgiliath]]; the [[Osgiliath-stone]] falls into [[Anduin]]
*{{TA|1974}} - Fall of [[Arthedain]]; [[Arvedui]] salvages the Amon Sûl and [[Annúminas-stone]]s and takes them with him.
*{{TA|1975}} - Amon Sûl and Annúminas-stones sink in [[Forochel]]
*{{TA|2002}} - Sauron seizes the [[Ithil-stone]]. Gondorians stop using the [[Anor-stone]] and [[Orthanc-stone]].
*{{TA|2759}} - [[Saruman]] assumes the Orthanc-stone.
*c. {{TA|3000}} - Saruman is corrupted by the Stone.
*{{TA|3019}} - The Stone is thrown by [[Gríma|Wormtongue]]; [[Aragorn]] twists the stone to his will.
*{{TA|3021}} - The [[Elostirion-stone]] is taken West on the [[White Ship]]

==Appearance==
They were perfect spheres, appearing to be made of solid glass or deep black crystal. The smallest stones were one foot in diameter; the larger stones too large for a single man to bear. They were unbreakable save, some thought, by the fires of [[Orodruin]].

==The Stones==
[[File:John Howe - Saruman's Palantir.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Saruman's Palantír'']]
* The '''[[Master-stone]]''' was not one of the seven, but remained in the [[Tower of Avallónë]] in [[Tol Eressëa]]. It was the master stone. It apparently could not communicate with the stones of [[Middle-earth]], or at least is not mentioned having done so.

* The '''[[Osgiliath-stone]]''' was the largest stone among the seven, and chief among them. It was placed in a prominent building in [[Osgiliath]], the capital city of the kingdom of [[Gondor]]. The ceiling of its chamber was painted to resemble a starry sky, and gave its name (''[[ost]]-[[gil]]iath'', the [[Dome of Stars]]) to the city itself. It was too large for one man to carry.

* The '''[[Elostirion-stone]]''', also known as the '''[[Elendil Stone]]''', was placed by [[Elendil]] in the tower of [[Elostirion]] in the [[Emyn Beraid]], just west of [[The Shire]]. The tower and stone were maintained and guarded by [[Círdan]] and the [[Lindon]]-[[elves]]. Elendil used it to look back along the [[Straight Road]] to [[Eressëa]] and even the [[Tower of Avallónë]] and the [[Master-stone]], and though it is indicated that he tried, he could not see the fallen Númenor. It could not be used in communication with the other stones, and was unique in this respect.

* The '''[[Amon Sûl-stone]]''' was placed in the watch-tower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]]. It was the largest and most powerful of the [[Arnor]]ian ''palantíri'' and the one most used in communication with [[Gondor]]. Like the Osgiliath-stone, it "could not be lifted by one man."

* The '''[[Annúminas-stone]]''' was also placed in Arnor, in the city of [[Annúminas]].

* The '''[[Ithil-stone]]''' was placed in [[Minas Ithil]], in the mountains that came to be known as the [[Ephel Dúath]]. When Minas Ithil fell to the [[Nazgûl]], the Ithil-stone was taken to [[Barad-dûr]] and used by [[Sauron]].

* The '''[[Orthanc-stone]]''' was placed in the great tower built by the [[Dúnedain]] in the Second Age at the southern end of the [[Misty Mountains]], [[Orthanc]]. It fell into the hands of the wizard [[Saruman]], who used it to garner information on his neighbors and their activities. The stone was also partially responsible for Saruman's fall from grace, as he was using it when he came upon [[Sauron]], and was ensnared by him. After the [[War of the Ring]], the Orthanc-stone remained in the custody of the Kings of Gondor in the [[Fourth Age]].

* The '''[[Anor-stone]]''' was placed at [[Minas Anor]], later renamed [[Minas Tirith]] and made the capital of [[Gondor]]. It was kept an unused secret by the Ruling Stewards until it was ultimately used by Steward [[Denethor|Denethor II]] to watch his land, and he eventually even challenged Sauron in a battle of wills. Denethor did not become corrupted, but the great effort of will that this required of him led him to age quickly. [[Denethor]] was holding the stone when he committed suicide on a funeral pyre, and after this, only people of exceeding power could see in it anything other than two flaming hands.

==Usage==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Saruman using Palantír.jpg|250px|thumb|Saruman with a ''palantír'' from Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]The purpose of the stones in general was dual: to communicate with one another, and to see afar. All the stones save for the Elostirion-stone could be used in communication with one another, although the bigger and more powerful stones were favored for this use over long distances. The great Osgiliath-stone could spy on communication by the lesser stones, and a few others apparently also had special abilities. The stones' gaze could penetrate beyond any solid object, such as into deep caverns, but required light to see anything. A technique called ''[[shrouding]]'' was used when something was to be kept secret from any possible watchers using the stones. Knowledge of this technique was lost in time, although Sauron probably knew of it.

The user or "surveyer" of a ''palantír'' would first assure himself that the stone was oriented properly. Usually the stones were held firmly so that this did not have to occur at each viewing. Then the surveyer would take up a position facing the direction he would want to look; for instance, if he wished to look west, he would stand on the eastern side of the stone. The major stones, however, could be rotated, and thus did not require moving about. The stones were apparently controlled by will power; although chance largely dictated precisely upon what the gaze of the stones lay, the surveyer could manipulate and shift the gaze by merely concentrating, even when not touching the stone. This concentrating, however, was quite taxing, and so was not generally used save in urgent situations. Zooming in could be accomplished through the same methods, and standing three feet away from the stone achieved the best clarity and widest scope. Stronger and more skilled surveyers could generally see more easily and with less difficulty than others.

To communicate with another stone, the viewer would orient himself and look toward the location of that stone, and the two stones would automatically connect with one another unless one was being used in another conversation. The surveyer would transmit his thoughts to the other stone by thinking, but the person on the other end would hear it in his head. The surveyer and his contact would see one another, but sounds could not be transmitted save through the above method of thought.

The stones were generally placed in bowls or depressions in tables of black marble, oriented through trial and error so that the poles of the stone aligned with the center of the world. The kings usually appointed deputies to look in the stone regularly, or on command, or in times of emergency. Others not authorized by the king could use them, but it took a great amount of willpower, and things were often less clear.

==Etymology==
The name '''''palantír''''' (pl. '''''palantíri''''') is [[Quenya]], meaning "Far-seer",<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/quen-eng.htm|articlename=Quettaparma Quenyallo|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=14 October 2013}}</ref> containing the element ''[[palan]]'' ("far and wide").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''palan''</ref>

The [[Sindarin]] name for the seeing-stones is '''''Gwahaedir'''''.<ref>{{PM|Second}}, p. 186 (n. 15)</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Didier Willis]]|articleurl=http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en-strict.html|articlename=Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary|dated=|website=[http://www.jrrvf.com/haut.shtml Jrrvf.com]|accessed=14 October 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of palantíri|Images of palantíri]]

{{Palantiri}}

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Palantiri}}
[[Category:Palantíri| ]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]
[[de:Palantíri]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/palantiri]]
[[fi:Palantíri]]

Nirnaeth Arnoediad

2015-09-13T04:15:53Z

Eryniel Alassë:

{{battle
| name=''Nirnaeth Arnoediad''
| image=[[File:Alan Lee - The Battle of Unnumbered Tears.jpg|300px]]
| conflict=[[The War of the Jewels|War of the Jewels]] (Fifth Battle of the [[Wars of Beleriand]])
| date={{FA|472}}
| place=[[Anfauglith]]
| result=Decisive victory for Morgoth, partly due to [[Treachery of Men|treachery]]: depopulation of [[Hithlum]] with replacement by [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]], occupation of much of [[Beleriand]]
| side1=The [[Union of Maedhros]], consisting of an alliance of the [[Noldor]], [[Edain]], [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]], and [[Dwarves]]
| side2=Creatures of Morgoth, [[Glaurung]], [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], [[Easterlings]]
| commanders1=
{{Maedhros blazon}}
{{Fingon blazon|died}}
[[File:Måns Björkman - Turgon device.gif|30px|left]][[Turgon]]{{clear}}
* [[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]]
* [[Huor]] †
* [[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]] †
* [[Azaghâl|Azaghâl of Belegost]] †
* [[Bór]] †
| commanders2={{Morgoth blazon}}
* [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]
* [[Glaurung]]
* [[Ulfang the Black]] †
* [[Uldor]] †
| forces1=Noldor and [[Edain]] warriors of [[Dor-lómin]], 10,000 [[Gondolindrim]] under Turgon<ref name="NA">{{S|Fifth}}</ref>, a company of Elves from [[Nargothrond]], company of the [[people of Haleth]] from [[Brethil]], and Dwarves of Belegost, the Easterlings from House of Bór
| forces2=Multiple hosts consisting of [[Balrogs]], [[Orcs]], and [[trolls]]; supplemented by turncoat [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]]
| casual1=Huge and crippling to the Noldor, Men of Dor-lómin wiped out except Húrin, thousands of captives
| casual2=Moderate
}}The '''Nirnaeth Arnoediad''' or '''Battle of Unnumbered Tears''' was the disastrous Fifth Battle in the [[Wars of Beleriand]]. Its name was taken from the first words of the [[Doom of Mandos]]: "Tears unnumbered ye shall shed..."

== Background ==
{{main|Union of Maedhros}}
In the almost two decades since their defeat in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], the Noldor had lost control over the entire north of Beleriand, and were for the most part reduced to refugees dwelling in [[Hithlum]] and [[Nargothrond]]. [[Gondolin]] was shut up and unknown.

In the year {{FA|473}}, [[Maedhros]] decided that taking the offense against [[Angband]] might help the [[Noldor]] regain their former lands.

=== Opposing Forces and Strategy ===

Under the [[Union of Maedhros]] all the [[Elves]] of Beleriand, as well as the [[Edain]], [[Dwarves]], and the newly arrived [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]] were invited to combine in arms and fight Morgoth. The Union first cleared Beleriand and Dorthonion of Orcs, and then gathered to assault [[Thangorodrim]].

The plan was for Maedhros's host in the east to assault and draw out the army of Angband, after which Fingon's host would attack from the [[Ered Wethrin]], taking the offensive in the west, crushing Morgoth's forces between them.

Under [[Maedhros]] in the east were gathered the remainder of the [[sons of Fëanor]], the Elves and Men of [[Himring]] under Maedhros and [[Bór]], and the men of Amon Ereb under [[Caranthir]] and [[Ulfang]].

Under [[Fingon]] in the west were gathered the Elves and Men of [[Hithlum]], the Elves of the [[Falas]], the [[Haladin]] of Brethil and the companies sent from [[Nargothrond]] and the two elves of [[Doriath]], [[Beleg]] and [[Mablung]].

Because of the evil deeds of [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], two of Maedhros's brothers, Nargothrond would send only a small company of Elves under [[Gwindor]]. From Doriath, where [[Thingol]] had sworn never to fight beside any son of Fëanor, came only [[Mablung]] and [[Beleg]], who did not wish to remain behind. However, [[Turgon]] unexpectedly came forth with over ten thousand Elves from [[Gondolin]], doubling the force of the west.

== The Battle ==
But Morgoth through his spies had learned of the battle plan, and his spy [[Ulfang]], who betrayed the Noldor, delayed [[Maedhros]]' attack. A small host of Orcs sallied forth from [[Angband]] to provoke the Western host to attack. Within sight of the [[Ered Wethrin]], Gwindor's brother Gelmir, captured during the Dagor Bragollach, was brought forth, and brutally slain. Enraged, [[Gwindor]] broke ranks, and with him most of Fingon's troops. The Orcs was swiftly defeated, and the sudden charge of Fingon's army nearly foiled Morgoth's plans; the forces of Gwindor and Fingon pushed forth, reaching Angband itself.

It is said that Morgoth trembled on this throne as Gwindor's company pounded at his gates. They burst through, and slew the guards on the steps of Angband. They were then ambushed with hidden forces set about Angband; all of Gwindor's company was slain and Gwindor himself was captured. From clandestine gates around Angband thousands of Orcs erupted suddenly, repulsing the host of Fingon from the walls. The Elven army was driven back in great slaughter, and many [[Haladin]] fell fighting in the rearguard.
[[File:Joona Kujanen - The Fall of Azaghal.jpg|thumb|left|Joona Kujanen - The Fall of Azaghâl]]
[[Turgon]], who had withheld his host from the reckless charge, now came upon the Orc host. The phalanx of Turgon broke through the Angband lines, and met with the guard of Fingon.

Finally Maedhros arrived, but before he could make junction with Fingon and Turgon, [[Glaurung]] the dragon and [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] lord of [[Balrogs|Balrog]]s intercepted him. Union forces could yet have prevailed, but [[Uldor]], son of Ulfang and a traitor, turned ranks and attacked Maedhros in the rear, while more of his kin came down from the mountains and attacked from the east. [[Maglor]] slew Uldor in single combat, but could not turn the tide of the battle. Under assault from three sides, the eastern host was scattered, and only the valour of the [[Dwarves]] of [[Belegost]] helped them escape, as their lord [[Azaghâl]] and his forces held off Glaurung, allowing the [[sons of Fëanor]] to escape into Ossiriand.

[[Azaghâl]] and his army fought with fierce iron masks on, and they were able to resist the fire far better than any Elf or Man. Then Glaurung trampled Azaghâl beneath his feet, but Azaghâl ran a dagger through Glaurung's stomach, and the dragon fled in pain. Many of Morgoth's forces retreated with him. In a solemn ceremony the Dwarves picked up their fallen leader, abandoning the battle, and marched him home in a great procession. Their wrath was so great that none troubled them.

All this had not helped the western host, who were attacked by many Orcs under Gothmog. Gothmog cut a path to Fingon and fought him in single combat. Fingon fell under his might, and [[Húrin]] begged Turgon to retreat back to Gondolin. [[Huor]] and Húrin and the remaining [[Men of Dor-lómin]] formed a living wall across the [[Fen of Serech]], buying time for Turgon to escape with most of the surviving Elves of the north. Acting as a rearguard, these Men were almost all slain – Huor fell when his eye was pierced by a poisoned arrow. His brother Húrin fought ferociously to buy his allies time to escape, fighting until his axe withered away. Morgoth had ordered him to be taken alive, however; he killed no fewer than seventy Orcs and Trolls before he became pinned under their corpses, and was later taken prisoner by Gothmog.

=== Aftermath and Repercussions ===

[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Nirnaeth Arnoediad - Unnumbered Tears.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Nirnaeth Arnoediad - Unnumbered Tears'']]
Morgoth's victory was near complete, as he had destroyed all the people of Hithlum and had scattered the sons of Fëanor away from Himring. Morgoth's Orcs razed all of [[Beleriand]] except for [[Doriath]], which was still protected by the Girdle of [[Melian]], and sacked the havens of the [[Falas]].
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Hill of Slain.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Hill of Slain'']]
Morgoth betrayed his servants the [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]], shutting them in [[Hithlum]] under penalty of death, and denied to them the fertile lands of [[Beleriand]]. Morgoth's destruction was not entirely complete, however, for Turgon, now High King of the Ñoldor after the death of Fingon, had evaded capture, and his city Gondolin was still unknown to Morgoth. While the Union's attack inflicted fairly heavy losses on Morgoth's forces, this was largely irrelevant compared to how utterly Morgoth had broken the power of so many of his enemies in the battle. His armies would take time to regain their former strength, however, and thus he remained dormant once more for some time, seeking out the hidden city of Gondolin and the last bastion of his enemies. Gwindor himself was one of few prominent survivors of the battle, and was enslaved in Morgoth's mines for fourteen years before finally escaping. He returned and warned the [[King of Nargothrond]] that [[Ulmo]] had advised against fighting open war with Morgoth; the King did not heed his advice, however, and at the [[Battle of Tumhalad]], followed by the [[Sack of Nargothrond]], the Elves there were completely eradicated.

The Ñoldor ultimately recovered from the battle, but remained hidden within Gondolin away from Morgoth's wrath, where they stayed clandestine and defensively rebuilt their forces. It wasn't until some 38 years after Nirnaeth Arnoediad that Morgoth obtained the location of Gondolin, and [[Fall of Gondolin|besieged it]] in order to finalize his annihilation of the Ñoldor and to cement his domination of Middle-earth.

Morgoth had personally laid waste to Ard-galen, turning it into a dust-choked wasteland of fire and poisonous gas, known from then on as [[Anfauglith]]. It was here that many Elves and Men were slain and thrown into great piles on a hill in the midst of the desolate landscape; referred to as the [[Hill of Slain]] by the Elves, grass grew on that hill long after the battle but nowhere else in Anfauglith.

==Etymology==
''Nirnaeth ''(or ''Nírnaeth'')'' Arnoediad ''(or ''Arnediad'') is [[Sindarin]] for "Tears Uncountable".<ref>{{WJ|Index}}</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>

Note that the "oe" of "Arnoediad" is not the Sindarin diphthong "oe", but rather the single [[i-affection|umlaut]] vowel "œ", better represented with a digraph.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Nirnaeth Arnoediad|Images of Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]

{{warsofbeleriand}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the First Age]]
[[de:Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/1a/guerres/nirnaeth_arnoediad]]
[[fi:Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]

Túrin

2015-09-13T04:13:45Z

Eryniel Alassë: Minor grammatical corrections, a notable deed, and added several links

{{Sources}}
{{disambig-more|Túrin|[[Túrin (disambiguation)]]}}
{{disambig-two|the tragic hero of the [[First Age]]|[[Kings of Gondor|King]] of [[Gondor]]|[[Turambar (King of Gondor)]]}}
{{Edain infobox
| image=[[Image:Alan Lee - Túrin Turambar.jpg|250px]]
| name=Túrin Turambar
| pronun=
| othernames=[[Neithan]], [[Gorthol]], [[Agarwaen]], [[Thurin]], [[Adanedhel]], [[Mormegil]]; Turindo; Bane of Glaurung<ref>{{S|17}}.</ref>
| titles=Prince of [[Dor-lómin]]
| position=
| location=Dor-lómin, [[Doriath]], [[Talath Dirnen]], [[Brethil]]
| affiliation=[[Gaurwaith]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], some [[Mannish]] dialect
| birth={{FA|464}}
| birthlocation=[[Dor-lómin]], [[Hithlum]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|499}}
| deathlocation=[[Cabed-en-Aras]]
| age=35
| notablefor=slaying of [[Glaurung]]; destruction of [[Nargothrond]]
| house=[[House of Hador]]
| parentage=[[Húrin]] & [[Morwen]]
| siblings=[[Lalaith]] & [[Nienor]]
| spouse=Nienor
| children=One; unborn at Nienor's death
| gender=Male
| height=Tall<ref name="Turin">{{S|Turin}}</ref>
| hair=Dark<ref name="Childhood">{{CH|1}}</ref>
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Turin"/> or blue<ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}</ref>
| clothing=[[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]], elven mail, grey tunic and cloak<ref name="Outlaws">{{CH|6}}</ref>
| weapons=[[Anglachel]]/[[Gurthang]]
| steed=
}}<center>{{quote|He was dark-haired as his mother, and promised to be like her in mood also; for he was not merry, and spoke little, though he learned to speak early and ever seemed older than his years. Túrin was slow to forget injustice or mockery; but the fire of his father was also in him, and he could be sudden and fierce. Yet he was quick to pity, and the hurts or sadness of living things might move him to tears.|''[[The Children of Húrin]]'', [[The Childhood of Túrin]]}}</center>
'''Túrin Turambar''' ({{FA|464}}–[[First Age 499|499]]) was a tragic hero of the First Age whose life was dominated by the curse of the [[Morgoth|Enemy]]. His deeds became the tale called ''[[Narn i Chîn Húrin (tale)|Narn i Chîn Húrin]]'' ("The Tale of the Children of Húrin").

== History ==
[[Image:Alan Lee - The Childhood of Túrin.jpg|thumb|left|[[Alan Lee]] - ''The Childhood of Túrin'']]
Túrin was the only son of [[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]] and [[Morwen|Morwen Eledhwen]]. He had a younger sister ''Urwen'' whom everyone called [[Lalaith]], but she died in childhood of a plague, the first grievous event in Túrin's life caused by Morgoth's curse. After Húrin was captured in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] ("Battle of Unnumbered Tears"), Túrin remained with his mother Morwen, who hid him from the [[Easterlings]] that [[Morgoth]] had sent to [[Hithlum]], fearing they would kill Túrin or enslave him. Húrin's capture and failure to return home was the curse's second grief.

Túrin was friends with [[Sador]], their household servant whom he helped in his works. Sador taught him many things, and carved for him several things from wood.
===Upbringing in Doriath===
When Túrin was nine years old Morwen sent him to [[Doriath]], away from his beloved mother and best friend, causing his heart to break for the third time since the curse was cast on him. She sent with him [[Gethron]] and [[Grithnir]], long time servants in Húrin's house. Shortly after their departure from Dor-Lómin, Túrin's second sister, [[Nienor]] was born. The road there was long and difficult, and the three travellers came close to dying of hunger and cold in the very outlying woods of their destination, but they were rescued by [[Beleg]]. In Doriath he was adopted by King [[Thingol]] as a son, being that his father Húrin was held in high honor in those lands. Thingol and Melian sent messengers inviting Túrin's mother to come live in Doriath, which she declined much to Túrin's grief.
In Doriath Túrin learned many things, such as hunting, woodcraft, archery, swordfighting and speaking [[Sindarin]]. As he grew older, however, he became restless. He began inquiring about the Men of the North, as Thingol and Morwen frequently exchanged news for Túrin's sake. Through these messages he learned about his sister Nienor, although he never saw her. As Morgoth's hold on the North increased and news from Hithlum grew scarce, Túrin sought to travel there to join the fight against the Dark Lord and find out about his kin. He asked the King's permission to join [[Beleg|Beleg Cúthalion]] in the northern marches of Doriath, fighting the [[Orcs]] of Morgoth. He wore the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]], which was sent by his mother and brought to him by Thingol's messengers, and the Orcs began to fear him more than any other.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Túrin Reaches the Abandoned Homestead.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Túrin Reaches the Abandoned Homestead'']]
Túrin accidentally caused the death of [[Saeros]], one of Thingol's counsellors who had provoked and attacked him. Before he could be either punished or forgiven he fled, eventually meeting up with a band of outlaws, the [[Gaurwaith]] that dwelt south of the [[Forest of Brethil]]. There he identified himself only as '''''Neithan''''' ("The Wronged"). Túrin killed their leader [[Forweg]] and became their leader in his place. During his rule he stopped the outlaws from raiding houses of Men, and only hunted Orcs.

In the meantime Beleg Cúthalion obtained leave by Thingol to seek out his friend. Beleg found Túrin's outlaws at Amon Rûdh and when he could not persuade his friend to leave the outlaws, he left to return to Doriath. While they were parted, and after such a long time living in the wild, Túrin's band captured [[Mîm]] the [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarf]]. Mîm was forced to share his halls on [[Amon Rûdh]] with them.

At Doriath, Beleg asked to be able to join his friend. Thingol allowed this and also gave him the black sword [[Anglachel]], and [[Melian]] gave him ''[[lembas]]''. Beleg returned to Túrin that winter, healing those of the band that had become sick with cold. Beleg brought with him the Dragon-helm, and the area around Amon Rûdh became known as '''[[Dor-Cúarthol]]''', the "Land of Bow and Helm" (since Beleg was known as a mighty bowman). There Túrin took the name '''''Gorthol''''', "The Dread Helm". Many warriors joined them, and much of [[West Beleriand]] was freed from evil for a while.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Beleg is Slain.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Beleg is Slain'']]
Eventually Túrin was betrayed by Mîm, and he was captured and all his men slain. Beleg survived and rescued Túrin from the Orcs in [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]] with the help of [[Gwindor]], an escaped slave of Morgoth, but Túrin accidentally killed Beleg with Beleg's sword Anglachel. Gwindor led Túrin, dazed, to the [[Pools of Ivrin]], where he came back to his senses.

===Nargothrond===
Gwindor then led Túrin to [[Nargothrond]], where once he had lived. In Nargothrond Túrin hid his name, calling himself '''''[[Agarwaen]], son of [[Úmarth]]''''' ("Bloodstained, son of Ill-fate"). He had Anglachel reforged and named it [[Gurthang]] ("Iron of Death"). [[Finduilas]], daughter of [[Orodreth]], fell in love with him, but he avoided her because she had previously been the beloved of his friend Gwindor. Túrin declined to tell her his name, so that she called him '''''Thurin''''' ("The Secret"). He was also called '''''Adanedhel''''' ("Man-Elf") because he was so like an Elf, though he was a [[Men|Man]].

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Túrin Bears Gwindor to Safety.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Túrin Bears Gwindor to Safety'']]
His identity did not remain hidden for long. Gwindor revealed to [[Finduilas]] that 'Agarwaen' was in fact Túrin, and 'Úmarth' his famous father [[Húrin]]. When news of this reached Finduilas' father, King [[Orodreth]], Túrin was given great honour and standing, but the revelation of Túrin's identity would also bring home Morgoth's curse.

Túrin became a chief counsellor of the weak Orodreth, and was extremely influential in Nargothrond. He encouraged the Nargothrondrim to abandon their practice of secrecy, and they built a great bridge before the gates. Because of his prowess with Gurthang, he himself became known as '''''Mormegil''''' ("Black Sword").

Morgoth sent the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Glaurung]] to Nargothrond. Túrin was caught by the powerful gaze of Glaurung, and stood by idly as Finduilas was dragged away, calling to him, a captive for Morgoth. Glaurung deceived him into believing Morwen and Nienor were suffering in Dor-lómin, and Túrin abandoned Finduilas to seek out his kin. In actuality Morwen and Nienor were safely in Doriath, as Túrin's own efforts had made the way passable.

Once in Dor-lómin, Túrin found his old home empty. He went to the halls of the Easterling lord [[Brodda]], who had taken Húrin's kinswoman [[Aerin]] as a wife and had taken Húrin's lands and possessions. From Aerin, Túrin learned that Morwen had left, and in his rage he killed Brodda, thereby also sealing Aerin's fate. As Túrin left again, Aerin burnt herself alive in her halls, and the remainder of the [[House of Hador]] now was persecuted even more cruelly.

Túrin next tried to find Finduilas, but by the time he picked up the Orc's trail he came too late: the woodsmen of [[Brethil]] informed him she had been killed as they had tried to rescue the prisoners of Nargothrond. Túrin collapsed on the mound she was buried in, and was brought to Brethil.

===In Brethil===
In Brethil Túrin again took up his life, now calling himself '''''Turambar''''' ("Master of Fate") in an act of bravado, deciding that his curse was now finally over. One day he found a naked young woman on Finduilas's grave, and calling her ''[[Níniel]]'' he later took her as his wife.

Túrin's happiness ended when Glaurung came near Brethil. Túrin with two others set out to kill the dragon, but he was the only one to reach the drake. With his black sword he killed Glaurung at [[Cabed-en-Aras]], but was hurt and fell in a swoon. As Níniel came to search for him, Glaurung with his last words revealed to her she was Túrin's sister. Horrified, Nienor Níniel killed herself.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Túrin Prepares to Take His Life.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Túrin Prepares to Take His Life'']]
When Túrin awoke he was told by [[Brandir]], lord of the [[Haladin]] of Brethil what had happened, and he killed Brandir, refusing to believe. When he learned from [[Mablung]] of Doriath who had come to seek him that Brandir had told the truth, he killed himself on Gurthang, his black sword.

Túrin was buried near Finduilas' grave, and on his tombstone the Haladin wrote in the [[Angerthas Daeron|Cirth of Doriath]]:

<blockquote>TÚRIN TURAMBAR DAGNIR GLAURUNGA (''Túrin, Conqueror of Fate, Slayer of Glaurung'')</blockquote>

Beneath that they also wrote:

<blockquote>NIENOR NÍNIEL</blockquote>

though her body could not be found.

==Legacy==
Morwen and Húrin later met at this site for the last time, and Morwen was also buried there. The mound survived the [[War of Wrath]], as [[Tol Morwen]] was the westernmost isle off the coast of [[Lindon]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.

It was prophesied by the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Mandos]] that at the end of time Morgoth would wage a [[Final Battle]] against the [[Valar]], and that Túrin Turambar would deliver the death blow, exterminating evil forever.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 333</ref>

Túrin was a first cousin of [[Tuor]], father of [[Eärendil]]. There are many parallels between the circumstances of their lives (both lost their fathers in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, were raised in part by Elves, spent time as outlaws and as prisoners, and were war-leaders in the greatest [[Noldor|Noldorin]] fortresses), but the outcome of Tuor's life was quite different. (Even Túrin's coloring was dark, enhancing his resemblance to the Noldorin Elves but further setting him apart from his fair-haired cousin.) The two never actually met, but Tuor did once see his cousin in passing (not an everyday occurrence in the wilds of [[Beleriand]]).

Whether the tragedies in Túrin's life were the result of Morgoth's curse or of his own arrogance, or some combination of the two, is a subject of some debate among scholars. Túrin is one of the few heroes of the [[Elder Days]] to have committed suicide and several of the others are connected to his story.

== The Many Names of Túrin ==
* ''[[Adanedhel]]'' = "Man-Elf"<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 164</ref>
* ''[[Agarwaen]], son of [[Úmarth]]'' = "Bloodstained, son of Ill-fate"<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 159</ref>
* ''[[Gorthol]]'' = "The Dread Helm"<ref>{{CH|8}}, p. 146</ref>
* ''[[Mormegil]]'' = "Black Sword"<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 160</ref>
* ''[[Neithan]]'' = "The Wronged"<ref>{{CH|6}}, p. 101</ref>
* ''[[Thurin]]'' = "The Secret"<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 165</ref>
* ''Turambar'' = "Master of Fate"<ref>{{CH|13}}, p. 196</ref>
* Wildman of the Woods<ref>{{CH|13}}, p. 194</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | BRE | | | | HAL | | HAD | BRE=[[Bregolas]]|HAL=[[Halmir]]|HAD=[[Hador|Hador Lórindol]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree | BEL | | BAR | | HAR |y| GAL | BEL=[[Belegund]]|BAR=[[Baragund]]|GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor of Dor-lómin]]|HAR=[[Hareth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree | | | | | MOR |y| HUR | | HUO | | |MOR=[[Morwen|Morwen Eledhwen]]|HUR=[[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]]|HUO=[[Huor]]}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | TUR | | LAL | | NIE | | | | TUR='''TÚRIN TURAMBAR'''|LAL=[[Lalaith]]|NIE=[[Nienor]]}}
{{familytree | | | |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree/end}}
==Etymology==
''See: [[Túrin (disambiguation)]] and [[Turambar (disambiguation)]]''

It's possible that during Túrin's lifetime ([[First Age]]), the name was pronounced as "Túrind" before simplified in the following centuries. The [[Quenya]] form of his name is [[Túrindo]].

== Inspiration ==
Unpublished drafts of the story, later edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and published in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series, tell the story in greater detail. These have been carefully edited together with other drafts to form ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'', released in 2007.

The supposed resemblance of Túrin to figures from medieval tales can be confirmed by part of a letter Tolkien wrote to [[Milton Waldman]] concerning the publication of his works:

{{quote|There is the ''Children of Húrin'', the tragic tale of Túrin Turambar and his sister Níniel — of which Túrin is the hero: a figure that might be said (by people who like that sort of thing, though it is not very useful) to be '''derived from elements in Sigurd the Volsung, Oedipus, and the Finnish Kullervo'''.|[[Letter 131]]}}

{{quote| Again one may detect certain literary influences: the hero’s [Túrin’s] fight with a great dragon [Glaurung] inevitably suggests comparison with the deeds of '''Sigurd''' and '''Beowulf''', while his unknowing incest with his sister and his subsequent suicide were derived quite consciously from the story of '''Kullervo in the Kalevala'''.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]}}

Túrin shares several common traits with all of the characters below, like coming closer to their fate when attempting to evade it. Another significant trait is their gifted but hot tempered nature and strong will paired with their reluctance to heed wise counsels that would save them from their fate.
===Oedipus===
'''[[Wikipedia:Oedipus|Oedipus]]''' was a prince of Thebes, but his parents heard a prophecy that he would cause their demise. To evade it, they order a shepherd to kill him. However the shepherd spares the baby and gives him to a childless family. Oedipus grew ignorant of his heritage; he then heard a prophecy according to which he will kill his father and marry his mother. He left in self-exile to take himself away from his (foster) parents.

However this brought himself closer to Thebes and his actual parents. On his way, he kills a man who unknown to him, is his actual father, the King of Thebes, fulfilling therefore part of the prophecy. Then he enters the city and after defeating the Sphinx, the people name him to replace the lost King of Thebes; furthermore, Oedipus marries the King's widow, who is in fact his mother.

Years later, while investigating the death of the former King, he realizes all the truths in his life: the King was the very man he had killed, and furthermore, he and his Queen, were his parents. Oedipus blinds himself and leaves in self-exile while his mother/wife strangles herself.

===Kullervo===
In the [[Kalevala]], '''[[Wikipedia:Kullervo|Kullervo]]''''s tribe is killed by his uncle, and himself is separated by his family, something that fills him with hate and desire for revenge. As a slave, he uses magic to kill his masters and returns to his tribe; afterwards he seduces a girl, who commits suicide after discovering she is his lost sister.

Then he repeats his vows: he refuses to hear any words of reconsideration and gets a broadsword which he uses to slay the enemy tribe. On his return, he sees all his family dead. He asks the magic sword to slay him, which replies, and then he falls on it.

*''See also: [[Kalevala#Túrin Turambar and Kullervo|Túrin Turambar and Kullervo]]''

===Sigurd===
'''[[Wikipedia:Sigurd|Sigurd]]''''s mother marries a King and Sigurd himself is fostered by a Dwarf. The Dwarf tells him about the hoard of the dragon Fafnir (who is his brother) and remakes a broken heirloom sword for him. Sigurd slays Fafnir by waiting for him in a pit, stabbing him with the sword as he passes over it. The gold he wins, however, is cursed.

===Balin===
'''[[Wikipedia:Sir Balin|Sir Balin]]''' was a knight of the King Arthur's court in ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' who possessed a magic sword. By this he was unknowingly cursed to slay his own brother. Through a well-meaning act of his, he is further cursed to make the most dolorous strike ever made by man, save only the piercing of Christ's side. Later, while in King Pellam's castle, he kills Pellam's brother and maims Pellam, ruining the castle and making all the surrounding lands into a wasteland, much as Túrin slayed Brodda in his own house and how his pride brought about the destruction of Nargothrond. Eventually, he kills his brother Balan, but is mortally wounded in doing so, and outlives him by only a few hours. They were then both laid in one grave.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Túrin|Images of Túrin]]
*[[The Children of Húrin]]
*[[The Story of Kullervo]]

{{References}}
* ''[[The Children of Húrin]]''
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Túrin Turambar]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Coming of Men into the West]]
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[Narn i Hîn Húrin]]
* ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', [[Turambar and the Foalókë]]
* ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', [[The later Annals of Beleriand]]
* ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', [[Quenta Silmarillion]]
* ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', [[The Etymologies]]
* ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'', [[The Grey Annals]]
* ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'', [[The Wanderings of Húrin]]
* ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 131]]
* ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'' by [[Humphrey Carpenter]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turin}}
{{gaurwaith}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Characters in The Children of Húrin]]
[[Category:House of Bëor]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:House of Haleth]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]

[[de:Túrin]]
[[fa:تورین_تورامبار]]
[[fi:Túrin]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple_de_hador/turin]]

Dís

2015-09-12T02:38:45Z

Eryniel Alassë: Note about Dís's husband

{{dwarves infobox
| image=[[File:Gregor Roffalski - Dís.jpg|250px]]
| name=Dís
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=Lady of Erebor
| position=
| location=[[Lonely Mountain]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Khuzdul]]
| birth={{TA|2760}}
| birthlocation=[[Erebor]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[Durin's line]]
| parentage=[[Thráin]]
| siblings=[[Thorin]], [[Frerin]]
| spouse=Unnamed husband
| children=[[Fíli]], [[Kíli]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Dís''' (born [[Third Age]] {{TA|2760|n}}) was a female [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] of the royal line of [[Durin's folk]].

==History==
Dís was the daughter of King [[Thráin|Thráin II]] and sister of [[Thorin]] and [[Frerin]]. Like her brothers, she was born in [[Lonely Mountain]] and was driven into exile in {{TA|2770}} when the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]] sacked the kingdom. She was the mother of [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], but her husband was unnamed.

Female Dwarves were rarely seen, making up about a third of the population of Dwarves, and were seldom seen by others. When they were seen, they were often mistaken for male dwarves, because (according to rumour) they too had beards.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==Etymology==

[[Jim Allan]] has suggested that ''Dís'' is derived from [[Old Norse]] ''-dís'' ("sister") found in many Nordic names (such as ''Herdís'', ''Hjördís'', etc).<ref>[[Jim Allan]], "Giving of Names", in ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', p. 225</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | THR | | | | | | |THR=[[Thrór]] ''{{TA|2542|n}} - {{TA|2790|n}}''†}}
{{familytree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | THR | | | | | | |THR=[[Thráin|Thráin II]] ''{{TA|2644|n}} - {{TA|2850|n}}''†}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| THO | | FRE | | DIS | | |THO=[[Thorin|Thorin II]] ''{{TA|2746|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†|FRE=[[Frerin]] ''{{TA|2751|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}''†|DIS='''DÍS''' ''b. {{TA|2760|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | FIL | | KIL |FIL=[[Fíli]] ''{{TA|2859|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†|KIL=[[Kíli]] ''{{TA|2864|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dis}}
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Longbeards]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Dís]]
[[fi:Dís]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:3a:dis]]

Kíli

2015-09-03T22:43:46Z

Eryniel Alassë: Added accents to Fíli and Kíli's names

{{dwarves infobox
| image=[[File:Daniel Govar - The Hobbit - Kili.jpg|250px]]
| name=Kíli
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Thorin's Halls]]
| affiliation=[[Thorin and Company]]
| language=[[Khuzdul]] and [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2864}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{TA|2941}}
| deathlocation=[[Battle of Five Armies]]
| age=77
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Durin]]
| parentage=[[Dís]]
| siblings=[[Fíli]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Yellow
| eyes=
| clothing=Blue hood
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Kíli''' ({{TA|2864}} – {{TA|2941|n}}<ref name="Line">{{App|Durin}}, The Line of the Dwarves of Erebor</ref> 77 years old) was the son of [[Dís]], the sister of King [[Thorin]], and brother of [[Fíli]].

Kíli was one of the thirteen [[Dwarves]] who took part in the quest for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], which was [[Bilbo Baggins]]'s great adventure. The brothers were the youngest of [[Thorin and Company]] by some 50 years,<ref name="Hill">{{H|Hill}}</ref> with Kíli being five years younger than his brother.<ref name="Line"/> The two brothers were inseparable throughout the adventure.

The brothers, along with Thorin himself, did not survive the [[Battle of Five Armies]].

==History==
Before the quest to Erebor, Fíli and Kíli probably lived in the [[Blue Mountains]] where their uncle resided after the disappearance of [[Thráin|Thráin II]].<ref name="Line"/> As Thorin's sister-sons, they accompanied their uncle when he set out to challenge the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]].

When Bilbo first met Kíli and Fíli (in the third group of Dwarves to arrive at [[Bag End]]) they wore blue hoods. After supper, when the Dwarves made music, Kíli and Fíli played small fiddles that they had brought in bags.<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref>

Early on the night when the company encountered the [[trolls]] one of the ponies became frightened and bolted into the river; Kíli and Fíli nearly drowned getting the beast out of the water.<ref>{{H|Mutton}}</ref>

Up in the [[Misty Mountains]] during the thunder-battle the two brothers, being the youngest Dwarves with the keenest eyes, were sent ahead to look for shelter. They found a small dry cave which was perfect for the company (until the [[Orcs|Gobins]] arrived). After [[Gandalf]] had rescued the company and was counting the members he found Kíli and Fíli, as usual, paired together.<ref name="Hill"/>

When the company rushed up into trees to escape the [[wargs]] Kíli and Fíli scrambled to the top of a tall larch.<ref>{{H|Pan}}</ref> The next day, when the company arrived at [[Beorn]]'s hall, Kíli and Fíli were again together as the fourth pair of Dwarves to appear during Gandalf's story.<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref>

When Bilbo spied the boat on the far side of the [[Enchanted River]], Fíli managed to snag it with a hook on a rope but could not pull it across. Kíli came to his aid first, followed by [[Óin]] and [[Glóin]], before the boat came loose (after its painter snapped).<ref name="Flies">{{H|Flies}}</ref>

At the opening of the barrels after the escape from the halls of the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]], Kíli and Fíli came out smiling since they were young and had but few bruises. The two brothers helped Thorin and Bilbo locate and free the other Dwarves. Next, they accompanied Thorin and Bilbo to the bridge into [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]] while the others recovered.<ref>{{H|Welcome}}</ref>
[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Kili.jpg|thumb|right|Angelo Montanini - ''Kili'']]
When the company reached the Lonely Mountain, Thorin sent out a scouting party to view the Front Gate (or where it had once stood). Kíli and Fíli went along with [[Balin]] and Bilbo on this expedition. On another scouting trip Bilbo was with Kíli and Fíli when the three discovered the rough steps that led up the mountain to the little bay that contained the secret door.<ref>{{H|Doorstep}}</ref>

Of the thirteen Dwarves, Kíli and Fíli looked uncomfortable when Bilbo asked for volunteers to accompany him on the first trip into the mountain (only Balin went with the hobbit for part of the way). Once the dragon woke up though Kíli and Fíli, along with Bilbo and Balin, were the first to go in the tunnel (sent in by Thorin).<ref>{{H|Inside}}</ref>

While searching the treasure when the full company descended into Erebor, Kíli and Fíli were in such exuberant spirits that they took down magic golden harps and played music on them.<ref>{{H|Home}}</ref>

Kíli was slain with his brother in the [[Battle of Five Armies]], while defending their mortally wounded uncle.<Ref>{{H|Return}}</ref> After Thorin's death, the brothers would have been the only remaining descendants of [[Thrór]]'s line. Their deaths ended the dynasty, and the title of King under the Mountain passed to [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II]]. It was their heroic last stand that made their mother the only [[Dwarf-women|Dwarf-woman]] to be mentioned in the genealogies.<Ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Kíli'' is a dwarf from the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. It can mean "Wedge" or "One who uses a wedge"; it is of Frisian or Low German origin rather than Old Norse.<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref>

==Genealogy==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NAI | | | | | | | | | | | | | |NAI=[[Náin II]] ''{{TA|2338|n}} - {{TA|2585|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | DAI | | | | | | | | | | | | BOR | | | | | | |DAI=[[Dáin I]] ''{{TA|2440|n}} - {{TA|2589|n}}''†| BOR=[[Borin]] ''{{TA|2450|n}} - {{TA|2711|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | THR | | FRO | | GRO | | | | | | | | FAR | | | | | | |THR=[[Thrór]] ''{{TA|2542|n}} - {{TA|2790|n}}''†|FRO=[[Frór]] ''{{TA|2552|n}} - {{TA|2589|n}}''†|GRO=[[Grór]] ''{{TA|2563|n}} - {{TA|2805|n}}''|FAR=[[Farin]] ''{{TA|2560|n}} - {{TA|2803|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | THR | | | | | | NAI | | | | FUN | | | | | | GRO | | |THR=[[Thráin|Thráin II]] ''{{TA|2644|n}} - {{TA|2850|n}}''†|NAI=[[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]] ''{{TA|2665|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}''†|FUN=[[Fundin]] ''{{TA|2662|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}''†|GRO=[[Gróin]] ''{{TA|2671|n}} - {{TA|2923|n}}''}}
{{familytree| | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | THO | | FRE | | DIS | | DAI | | BAL | | DWA | | OIN | | GLO |THO=[[Thorin|Thorin II]] ''{{TA|2746|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†|FRE=[[Frerin]] ''{{TA|2751|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}''†|DIS=[[Dís]] ''b. {{TA|2760|n}}''|BAL=[[Balin]] ''{{TA|2763|n}} - {{TA|2994|n}}''†|DWA=[[Dwalin]] ''{{TA|2772|n}} - {{FoA|91}}''|OIN=[[Óin]] ''{{TA|2774|n}} - {{TA|2994|n}}''|GLO=[[Glóin]] ''{{TA|2783|n}} - {{FoA|15}}''|DAI=[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II]] ''{{TA|2767|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | FIL | | KIL | | THO | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIM |FIL=[[Fíli]] ''{{TA|2859|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†|KIL='''KÍLI''' ''{{TA|2864|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†|THO=[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III]] ''b. {{TA|2866|n}}''|GIM=[[Gimli]] ''{{TA|2879|n}} - {{FoA|120}}''+}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Kíli in adaptations
|width=165
|height=140
|lines=2
|File: The Hobbit (1977 film) - Kíli.png|Kíli in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - Kíli.jpg|Kíli in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
}}
===Films===
'''1966: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:Kíli is omitted. [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]] only travels with an unnamed guard and the princess of Dale.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:Kíli's voice is provided by [[Jack DeLeon]]. However, he only ever speaks in unison with the rest of the Dwarves.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Kíli is played by [[Aidan Turner]].<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> A description of Kíli in ''The Hobbit'' films was released by the studio:

:{{Blockquote|Younger brother to Fíli, Kíli is a loyal nephew to Thorin Oakenshield. Carefree and somewhat reckless, Kíli has led a charmed and untroubled life to this point. Handsome and physically able, Kíli possesses the invincible courage of youth. He is a skilled fighter and expert archer, having been trained with weapons from an early age. As one of the youngest in The Company of Dwarves. Kíli is determined to make his mark and prove his worth.|[[Warner Bros.]]<ref name="HobbitApp">{{webcite|author=[[Warner Bros.]]|articleurl=http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hobbit-movies/id545808528|articlename=Hobbit Movies|dated=7-September-2012|website=[http://itunes.apple.com/ Apple iPhone/iPad App]|accessed=19-September-2012}}</ref>}}
:Because [[Ori]] was made the youngest of the 13 Dwarves in the ''Hobbit'' films, Kíli is presumably the second youngest. He also comes to have an infatuation with [[Elves of Mirkwood|Mirkwood Elf]] [[Tauriel]] (a character made up exclusively for the films). When struck with a poisoned arrow by [[Bolg]] during the Company's escape from the Wood-elves' custody via wine barrels, it is she who ultimately heals him with [[Athelas]]. Due to said injury, Thorin did not allow him to journey with the others up to the Lonely Mounatin from [[Lake-town]]. [[Óin]] and Fíli then both opted to also stay behind in order to look after him. As he and the other Dwarves make their way to the [[Lonely Mountain]] after [[Smaug]]'s demise, Kíli shares a tender moment with Tauriel, and gives her the talisman that his mother had given to him. In the [[Battle of Five Armies]], he assists [[Thorin]] (along with [[Fíli]] and [[Dwalin]]) in attempting to kill the [[Orcs|Orc]] army leader [[Azog]] on [[Ravenhill]]. However, after witnessing Azog kill his brother, he goes into a rage, attempting to charge the Pale Orc, only to instead come across Tauriel getting severely beaten by Bolg, and proceeds to attack him. Kíli is stabbed to death by Bolg, and a heartbroken Tauriel returns the talisman to his lifeless hand before leaving his side.

===Radio series===
'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:Kíli is played by [[Nicholas Edmett]].

'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:No actor is specified for the role of Kíli.

===Games===
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]]:'''
:Kíli is omitted; Thorin is the only companion of the player, [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref>''[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg ZX Computing]'', 8304 (April/May 1983), p. 76, accessed [[24 April|April 24]] [[2011]]</ref>

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:No actor is credited for the role of Kíli, but it appears to be [[Alister Duncan]].{{Fact}}

{{References}}
{{Thorin and Company}}{{companyroute}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kili}}
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Kíli]]
[[fi:Kíli]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/3a/kili]]

Estë

2015-09-03T22:38:18Z

Eryniel Alassë: Added an umlaut to Estë's name where it was missing

{{valar infobox
| image=[[Image:Olga Kukhtenkova - Este.jpg|250px|''Estë'', by [[Olga Kukhtenkova]]]]
| name=Estë
| pronun=
| othernames=Îdh, Eord
| titles=
| position=Healer of hurts and weariness
| location=[[Lórellin]]
| affiliation=[[Melian]]<ref name=vala/>
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Irmo]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Grey raiment<ref name=vala/>
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Grey is her raiment; and rest is her gift|''[[Valaquenta]]''<ref name=vala/>}}
'''Estë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈeste]}}) was a one of the [[Valier]], the spouse of [[Irmo]]. She was the healer of hurts and weariness.
==Attributes==
Estë the gentle is the wife of [[Irmo]] and offers rest and cure of hurts and weariness. Her favorite place is an island in the tree-shadowed lake of [[Lórellin]] where she sleeps during day, always clad in grey.<ref name=vala/>
==History==
Estë dwelt with her consort in the gardens [[Lórien (Valinor)|Lórien]], the fairest of all [[Arda]]. There, many [[Maiar]] served her and her husband. Estë and Irmo, the Lord of Dreams, tended to the [[Elves of Valinor]], even the Valar who came to find repose and ease the burden of [[Arda]].<ref name=vala>{{S|IIb}}</ref>

[[Tilion]], a hunter of [[Oromë]], had often come to the gardens of Lórien to bathe in the silver light of [[Telperion]]. He loved silver, and was chosen by the [[Valar]] to guide the [[Moon]] after the destruction of the [[Two Trees]]. [[Varda]]'s original purpose was to place Sun and Moon in the skies together, but Estë and Irmo spoke against it. With the paths set in place, sleep and rest had been banished from the Earth. Thus Varda changed it: now, Sun and Moon would each travel through the sky as the other lay in [[Ekkaia]].<ref>{{S|Sun}}</ref>

==Etymology==
'''Estë''' is a [[Quenya]] name meaning "rest".<ref>{{HM|S}}, "Index"</ref> The same [[Sundocarmë|Root]], ''[[EZDE]]'', also yielded her [[Sindarin]] name, '''Îdh''' (pron. {{IPA|[iːð]}})<ref>{{HM|LR}}, "[[The Etymologies]]", entry EZDE</ref> and the [[Nandorin]] '''Eord'''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Carl F. Hostetter]], [[Patrick H. Wynne]] (eds.), "Addenda and Corrigenda to the ''Etymologies''", published in ''[[Vinyar Tengwar 45]]'' ([[November]] [[2003]]), pages 3-38, especially 13</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| VAI |~| MAN | | NIE | | IRM |~| EST | |VAI=[[Vairë]]|MAN=[[Mandos]]|NIE=[[Nienna]]|IRM=[[Irmo]]|EST='''ESTË'''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Estë|Images of Estë]]

{{References}}

{{Ainur}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Este}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Este]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/este]]
[[fi:Estë]]

Fëanor

2015-07-17T04:47:16Z

Eryniel Alassë: Reversed amilessë and ataressë

{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Catherine Karina Chmiel - Feanor.jpg|250px]]
| name=Fëanor
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Curufinwë]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Fëanáro'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]] in [[Valinor]]
| affiliation=[[Oath of Fëanor]]
| language=[[Quenya]]
| birth={{YT|1169}}
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]
| rule={{YT|1495}} – {{YT|1497|n}}
| death={{YT|1497}}
| deathlocation=Slopes of [[Ered Wethrin]]
| age=328 [[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]]/3142 [[Years of the Sun|years]]
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finwë]]
| parentage=[[Finwë]] & [[Míriel]]
| siblings=[[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]] and [[Finarfin]] (half-siblings)
| spouse=[[Nerdanel]]
| children=[[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Sword
| steed=
}}

{{quote|For Fëanor was made the mightiest in all parts of body and mind: in valour, in endurance, in beauty, in understanding, in skill, in strength and subtlety alike: of all the Children of Ilúvatar, and a bright flame was in him.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor]]}}

'''Fëanor''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈfe.anor]}}) was a prince of the [[Noldor]], eldest and most beloved son of [[Finwë]]. He had the greatest skill of word and hand, a renowned craftsman, gem-smith, and warrior. His most famous deed was the creation of the [[Silmarils]], but he also created the ''[[palantíri]]''<ref name="SIndex">{{S|Index}}</ref>, and may also have wrought the [[Fëanorian lamps]].<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}, note 2</ref> In addition, he invented the widely-used [[Tengwar]] script. His passionate hatred of [[Morgoth]] and terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]] led directly to the great triumphs and tragedies of the [[First Age]].

== History ==
===Life in Tirion===
Born in {{YT|1169}},<ref>{{MR|P2k}}, Note 1, p.101</ref> Curufinwë Fëanáro (as was his original name in [[Quenya]], pron. [[Noldorin|N]] {{IPA|[ˌkuruˈfinweˌ fe.aˈnaːro ]}}, [[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌkuruˈɸinweˌ ɸe.aˈnaːro ]}}<ref name="Shibboleth">{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>) was the eldest son of Finwë, the King of the Noldor, and his first wife [[Míriel|Míriel Serindë]]. He drew so much of Míriel's life energy when he was born that she grew weary of living, and departed to [[Lórien in Valinor|Lórien]], where she voluntarily left her corporeal form and died. Finwë remarried, and had two more sons, Fëanor's half-brothers [[Fingolfin]] and [[Finarfin]],<ref name="Feanor">{{S|Feanor}}</ref> and two daughters, [[Findis]] and [[Írimë]].<ref name="Shibboleth"/>
[[File:Ryszard Derdzinski - Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|Feanor, deviser of the Tengwar]]
Fëanor's skills began to blossom and other than a skilled smith, he was a linguist and a [[Lambengolmor|Loremaster]].<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 396-8</ref> In {{YT|1250|n}} he devised the lettering system of [[Tengwar]], improving the work of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]. He then turned his mind to the study of gems.<ref name="AAsec4">{{MR|P2j}}</ref>
[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|Feanor and Nerdanel]]
While still a youth Fëanor wedded [[Nerdanel]], daughter of [[Mahtan]],<ref name="Feanor"/> who bore him [[Sons of Fëanor|seven sons]]: [[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]] and [[Amras]].<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>

In {{YT|1400|n}}<ref name="AAsec4"/> [[Morgoth|Melkor]], the mightiest of the Valar and source of evil, deceived the Valar into thinking that he had repented of his evil ways. Pardoned and residing in Valinor, he undertook to corrupt the Noldor and succeeded in making them instruments of his malice, particularly Fëanor. But Fëanor greatly mistrusted Melkor, which was part of Melkor's plan.<ref name="Feanor"/>

In {{YT|1449|n}} Fëanor began and by {{YT|1450|n}} he had succeeded<ref name="AAsec4"/> in the greatest of his achievements: capturing the light of the [[Two Trees]] to make the three [[Silmarils]], also called the Great Jewels. He prized the Silmarils above all else, and grew increasingly suspicious that the Valar and other Eldar coveted them. He either vainly displayed the jewels or jealously guarded them from all except his immediate family.<ref name="Silmarils">{{S|Unrest}}</ref>

===Feud with Fingolfin===
[[Image:Antti Autio - The Threat of Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Antti Autio]] - ''Fëanor's threat'']]
Melkor greatly desired the Silmarils and his hatred for Fëanor grew, but the Valar still did not know of Melkor's true intentions. Melkor played upon Fëanor's temperament and pride to convince him that his own half-brother Fingolfin was not only planning to usurp his place as heir to Finwë, but also seize the jewels for himself.<ref name="Silmarils"/> The Noldor then began forging weapons, which at that point no other Eldar possessed in Valinor. Fëanor's hostility grew to the point where, in {{YT|1490|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he threatened Fingolfin's life. For this, the Valar exiled him to [[Formenos]]. He took a substantial treasure with him, including the Silmarils, which he stowed in a locked box. In a show of support for his eldest son, Finwë withdrew to Formenos as well.<ref name="Silmarils"/>

The Valar realized that Melkor was behind Fëanor's actions. They sent [[Tulkas]] to imprison him again, but he could not be found. Melkor was not seen for a long time, until in {{YT|1492|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he unexpectedly showed up at Formenos. Since with Finwë and Fëanor's absence Fingolfin had become king, it seemed that Melkor's lies were true. Melkor tried again to manipulate Fëanor, but he went too far, and Fëanor realized that Melkor's true goal was to obtain the Silmarils. He shut the door in Melkor's face. In a rage, Melkor left. When the Valar heard of the incident, they resumed the hunt. But it was apparent that Melkor had fled from Valinor.<ref name="Silmarils"/>

===Theft of the Silmarils===
In {{YT|1495|n}}<ref name="AAsec4"/> the Valar sought to reconcile Fëanor and Fingolfin, and to mend the enmity between the Noldor and Valar, and invited them all to Valinor to make peace. Fingolfin offered a hand to his half-brother, recognizing Fëanor's place as the eldest, which he grudgingly accepted.

[[File:Amanyar - Fëanor device.png|right|120px|thumb|Fëanor's device.]]Meanwhile, after first feigning to go north, Melkor had stolen away to [[Avathar]] in the south of Aman to seek out the evil, spider-like creature [[Ungoliant]]. Even as Fëanor and Fingolfin were reconciled, Ungoliant helped Morgoth destroy the Two Trees, bringing darkness to Valinor.<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref>

[[Yavanna]] examined the Two Trees and found them lifeless. The light of the Trees survived only in the Silmarils and she said that only by their power could she restore the Trees. [[Manwë]] then asked Fëanor to give them up for this purpose but Fëanor emphatically declared that he would not give up his Silmarils of his own free will; if the Valar forced him, he said, they would be no better than Melkor. It was after this that messengers came telling of the raid at Formenos.

According to the messengers, Melkor, surrounded by an impenetrable black fog, had come to Fëanor's vault in Formenos. Finwë the King fought and lost against Melkor, and was the first to be slain in Valinor. Melkor ransacked the vault, taking many valuable jewels, including the Silmarils. He and Ungoliant escaped by crossing the [[Helcaraxë]], or Grinding Ice, in the north to [[Beleriand]] in Middle-earth.<ref name="Flight">{{S|Flight}}</ref>

===The Kinslaying===
[[Image:Tuuliky - Feanor.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Tuuliky - ''Fëanor'']]The Valar and Eldar now fully understood the extent of Melkor's treachery. Fëanor, upon learning of his father's murder and the theft of his prized Silmarils, named Melkor "Morgoth", or "Black Enemy". Claiming kingship over the Noldor, Fëanor delivered an impassioned speech, which he unwittingly filled with Morgoth's taint. He railed the Noldor against the Dark Lord, but because of Morgoth's influence, he also blamed the Valar for Morgoth's deeds. He persuaded most his people that because the Valar had abandoned them, the Noldor must follow him to Middle-earth and fight the Dark Lord. Fëanor then swore the terrible [[Oath of Fëanor]] which all seven of his sons also proclaimed, vowing to fight anyone and everyone—whether Elf, Man, Maia, or Vala—who withheld the Silmarils, and invoking even [[Ilúvatar]] as a witness. This Oath led to much conflict and later caused great tragedy among his seven sons.

Seeking a way to get to Middle-earth, he went to the shores of Aman, where the seafaring [[Teleri]] lived, and demanded the use of their ships. When Teleri refused to give or lend their vessels, Fëanor ordered the Noldor to take the ships. The Teleri resisted, and a battle broke out, in which many of the Teleri were slain, for they were armed with mere hunting bows, against the fully armed Noldor. Three times the Teleri were able to push back Fëanor until Fingolfin and Finarfin brought up their host, overwhelming the Teleri.

In repentance of this act, Finarfin, Finwë's third son, took his host and turned back. They were accepted by the Valar, and Finarfin ruled as High-King of the remaining Noldor in Valinor.<ref name="Flight"/>


===Exile in Middle-earth===
[[File:NOLANOS - La Quema de las Naves.jpg|thumb|NOLANOS - ''La Quema de las Naves'']]
As the year {{YT|1496|n}} wore on Fëanor led the Noldor northward. By {{YT|1497|n}} the host had reached the [[Helkaraxë]] and halted.<ref>{{MR|P2m}}</ref> There were not enough ships to carry all of the Noldor across the sea, so Fëanor and his sons led the first group. Upon arriving at [[Losgar]], in the land of [[Lammoth]], in the far west of [[Beleriand]], where Morgoth and Ungoliant had passed not long before, Fëanor decided to burn the ships and leave the followers of Fingolfin behind.<ref name="Flight"/> However, Fëanor accidentally left his son Amras in the ships and he was burned alive.<ref name="Shibboleth"/> The earth being flat in those days, the remaining Noldor saw the flames, and perceived that if they were to reach Middle-earth, they had no choice but to cross the Helcaraxë. This they did under the leadership of Fingolfin, and suffered heavy losses along the way, which greatly added to the animosity they had for Fëanor and his sons.<ref name="Flight"/>
[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Feanor's Last Stand.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Jenny Dolfen - ''Fëanor's Last Stand'']]
Learning of the Noldor's arrival, Morgoth summoned his armies from his fortress of [[Angband]] and attacked Fëanor's encampment in [[Mithrim]]. This battle was called the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] ("Battle under the Stars"), for the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] had not yet been made. The Noldor managed to win the battle and disperse Morgoth's armies. Fëanor, still in a great rage, pressed on toward Angband with his sons. He came even within sight of Angband, but was ambushed by a force of [[Balrogs]], with few elves about him. He fought mightily, hewing his foe even after receiving several wounds from [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], lord of Balrogs.

His sons came upon the balrogs with great force of elves, and were able to drive them off. However, as Fëanor was being carried off the battlefield, he knew his wounds were fatal. He was brought to the slopes of the [[Ered Wethrin]] from where he saw from afar the peaks of [[Thangorodrim]]. He cursed Angband thrice, but with the eyes of death, he knew that his elves, unaided, would never throw down the dark towers. At the moment of his death the passing of his fiery spirit reduced his body to ashes. He was the only person to die this way, for no death like his was ever seen or heard.<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref>

His sons were still bound by the Oath to recover the Silmarils, which would determine many of the events of Middle-earth during the First Age.

Fëanor's spirit remained in the [[Halls of Mandos]] and was not reincarnated in Valinor.<ref name="Silmarils"/> It is said that he will return only for [[Dagor Dagorath]], and will finally reclaim his beloved Silmarils, and then surrender them to [[Yavanna]].<ref>{{SM|CQ19}}</ref>

== Genealogy ==
Names shown in ''italics'' are females.
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]]| MIR=''[[Míriel]]''|FIN=[[Finwë]]|IND=''[[Indis]]''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=''[[Nerdanel]]''|FEA='''FËANOR'''|FDS=''[[Findis]]''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]|IRM=''[[Írimë]]''|FRF=[[Finarfin]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]]|MAG=[[Maglor]]|CEL=[[Celegorm]]|CAR=[[Caranthir]]|CUR=[[Curufin]]|AMD=[[Amrod]]|AMR=[[Amras]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
== Etymology ==
{{Pronounce|Feanor.mp3|Ardamir}}
Fëanor's [[father-name]] was ''[[Curufinwë]]'', "Skillful Finwë", by adding ''[[curu]]'', the [[Quenya]] noun for "skill", to his father's name . He later gave his favorite son [[Curufin]] the same father-name. His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''Fëanáro''', which translates as "spirit of fire",<ref name="Shibboleth"/> being formed by adding ''[[fëa]]'', a Quenya noun for "spirit" and ''[[Nár (Quenya)|nár]]'', "flame". Apparently, the masculine ending ''[[-o]]'' is also present.

The name Fëanor is the [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] version of his mother-name; the proper [[Sindarin]] form of his name was '''Faenor'''.<ref name="Shibboleth"/>

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Fëanor|Images of Fëanor]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.minastirith.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=2;t=000635 What do you think of Fëanor?] - Discussion on MinasTirith.com

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Feanor}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Finwë]]
[[Category:House of Fëanor| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Feanor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/feanor]]
[[fi:Fëanor]]

Tulkas

2015-07-17T04:36:18Z

Eryniel Alassë: Edited a spelling mistake.

{{sources}}
{{valar infobox
| image=[[File:Angel Falto - Tulkas.jpg|250px]]
| name=Tulkas
| pronun=
| othernames='''Tulukhastāz''' ([[Valarin|V]])Astaldo, Tulcus, The Valiant, The Strong
| titles=
| position=Champion of the [[Valar]]
| location=[[Valinor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Valarin]], [[Quenya]]
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Nessa]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Golden (hair and beard)<ref name=Vala/>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Tulkas''' was a [[Valar|Vala]]. He was the most warlike of the Valar and the spouse of [[Nessa]].
==Attributes==
Tulkas was so strong and quick that he needed no weapon or steed. He delighted in deeds of prowess and strength such as wrestling and fighting. But he was not dreadful; he laughed loudly in sport and war and his anger dispelled darkness and clouds.<ref name=vala>{{S|IIb}}</ref><ref name=s1>{{S|1}}</ref>

He was a hardy friend and slow to wrath, but also slow to forgive.
He was however mindless and did not learn from the past; always quick in action, he was not good in counselling.<ref name=vala/><ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 206 §7</ref>

His flesh was ruddy and his hair and beard golden.<ref name=vala/>

==History==
Tulkas was the last of the [[Ainur]] to descend into [[Arda]], 1499 [[Valian Years]] after the arrival of the other Ainur. He heard of their [[First War]] with [[Melkor]] and came to them from the far heavens. But for his arrival, the Dark Lord might have defeated the Valar. <ref>{{S|III}}</ref> Hearing the sound of Tulkas' laughter and beholding his wrath, Melkor fled before him, and the [[Spring of Arda]] was begun.<ref name=s1/>

After the [[Two Lamps]] were erected and the Valar had made their first dwelling at [[Almaren]], Tulkas wedded [[Nessa]] in a great feast. Being weary and content he slept, and Melkor decided his hour to retaliate had come.

When at last the [[Elves|first Children of Ilúvatar]] awoke, the Valar took council regarding the matter of Melkor. At length it was decided that, for the sake of the Elves, the Valar should regain guardianship of the world and remove Melkor. Tulkas was glad of this decision. In the [[War for the Sake of the Elves]], after a long siege at [[Utumno]], it was Tulkas who wrestled with Melkor and cast him upon his face. Tulkas bound Melkor with the enchanted chain [[Angainor]], forged by [[Aulë]]. For a while the world was free from Melkor's influence.

When Melkor repented of his actions and was pardoned by [[Manwë]], Tulkas was disappointed with this decision, ever distrustful of Melkor. But having fought Melkor in the name of authority, he could not rebel himself, and accepted Manwë's decision.

Tulkas also tended to be impatient; before the [[Awakening of the Elves]] he urged the other Valar to wage war against Melkor. After the [[Darkening of Valinor]] he also hurried [[Fëanor]] to take a decision about surrendering the [[Silmarils]]. Tulkas and [[Oromë]] searched in vain for Melkor, unable to penetrate the unlight cast by [[Ungoliant]].

It is said that in the [[Dagor Dagorath]], Tulkas will once more oppose [[Melkor]], and will directly fight him in the battle and play a large role in his defeat. The victor is unknown, as it will be supposedly by the hand of [[Túrin]] that Melkor is slain once and for all.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 333</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Tulkas'' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈtulkas]}}) means in [[Quenya]] "strong, steadfast".<ref name=one>{{LT1|Appendix}}, p. 270</ref> '''''Tulukhastāz''''' ("the golden-haired")<ref group=note>''Tulukhastāz'' is said to consist of the Valarin elements ''tulukha(n)'' ("yellow") and ''(a)šata-'' ("hair of head").</ref> was the original [[Valarin]] name for Tulkas.<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}, p. 399</ref>

In [[Noldorin]], his name is '''''Tulcus''''' ({{IPA|[ˈtulkus]}}).<ref name=one/>

==Other names==
He was also called '''''Astaldo''''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "the Valiant", pron. {{IPA|[asˈtaldo]}}).<ref name=Vala>{{S|Vala}}</ref> ''Astaldo'' replaced the earlier name ''Poldórëa''.<ref>{{HM|IX}}, p. 361</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 181 (forms: ''Poldórea'', ''Poldor'', ''Poldomo'')</ref>

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Tulkas is referred as ''Afodfrea'' "Strength-ruler".<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

In an early manuscript, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] suggested a surname of Tulkas: '''''Ender'''''.<ref>{{VT|45a}}, p. 11</ref>
==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
In some versions it is said that Tulkas was of the spirits who didn't come into [[Eä]]. In other versions, it is said that Tulkas was one of the spirits who entered the vast regions of Eä, until he came to Arda to help Manwë.<ref>{{MR|P2a}}</ref>
{{References|note}}

{{Ainur}}

[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Tulkas]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/tulkas]]
[[fi:Tulkas]]