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Elfstone

2025-12-24T21:32:31Z

Gaelhelemar: /* Third Age */

{{Disambig-more|Elessar|[[Elessar (disambiguation)]]}}__NOTOC__{{object infobox
| name=Elfstone
| image = John Howe - Elessar (Elfstone).jpg
| caption=''Elessar (Elfstone)'' by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''[[Elessar]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| location=[[Gondolin]], [[Havens of Sirion]], [[Valinor]]/[[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Rivendell]] [[Gondor]]
| owner=[[Enerdhil]]/[[Celebrimbor]], [[Idril]], [[Eärendil]], [[Galadriel]], [[Celebrían]], [[Arwen]], [[Aragorn]]
| type=Jewel
| appearance=A green gem set on a silver eagle-shaped brooch
| creator=[[Enerdhil]]/[[Celebrimbor]]
| created=late [[First Age]]
| createdlocation=[[Gondolin]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
| gallery=the Elessar of Eärendil
}}The '''Elfstone''' ([[Quenya|Q.]] '''[[Elessar]]'''), also known as the '''Stone of [[Eärendil]]''', was one, or possibly two, great green jewel(s) of healing power whose legends of creation are conflicting and complex.

==History==
===Origin===
The Elfstone, or at least the first of them, was made in [[Gondolin]] during the late [[First Age]]. Some name [[Enerdhil]] the jewel-smith as its maker, but others say that it was his friend, [[Celebrimbor]] son of [[Curufin]].<ref name="CG">{{UT|6}}</ref> After the completion of the jewel, many [[Elves]], including the other Noldor, were astonished by it, for the stone was green as the leaves but had the clear light of the [[Sun]] imprisoned within it. It was said that any who looked upon the stone would see withered and aged things as whole and young again. It was also claimed that it granted any who wore the gem the power to heal any hurts of anyone that they touched.<ref name="CG" />{{rp|249}}
[[File:Tatyafinwe - Idril Celebrindal.jpg|left|thumb|347x347px|The Elessar was in Gondolin in the First Age with the princess ''Idril Celebrindal'' by [[:Category:Images by Tatyafinwe|Tatyafinwe]]]]
The Elfstone was eventually given to [[Idril|Idril Celebrindal]], who wore it upon her breast, and as such, it was saved from perishing during the [[Fall of Gondolin]]. Eventually, Idril passed it on to her son [[Eärendil]], whose first memory was of Idril wearing the gem while singing to him. At [[Havens of Sirion|Sirion's Haven]], Eärendil used the Elfstone to heal the hurts of many of the [[Men]], [[Elves]], and [[Kelvar|beasts]] that dwelled there. Eventually, Eärendil carried it with him on his voyages across the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] to the [[Aman|Blessed Realm]].<ref name="CG" />{{rp|249}}

A legend says that when the [[Wizards]] were sent from Valinor to Middle-earth in the [[Third Age]], [[Gandalf|Olórin]] brought back Eärendil's jewel as a token from [[Yavanna]] that the [[Valar]] had not forsaken them; as [[Gandalf]], he gave it to Galadriel, and remarked prophetically that she would only hold it for a little while, before she passed it to another, who will also be called [[Aragorn|Elessar]].<ref name="CG" />{{rp|250}}

However, another legend says that Celebrimbor, who was in love with [[Galadriel]], remade another version of the lost jewel during the [[Second Age]] and placed it within a great brooch of silver. It was said that this Elfstone was "''more subtle and clear''" yet had less power than the original. It was made at Galadriel's behest, pained at the state of [[Middle-earth]]. When she wore it, "''all things grew fair''" around her.<ref name="CG" />{{rp|251}}

===Third Age===
Whatever the origins of Galadriel's Elfstone were, she gave it to her daughter [[Celebrían]], who in turn gave it to [[Arwen]].<ref name="CG" />{{rp|251}}

[[Bilbo Baggins]], during his stay in [[Rivendell]], was urged by [[Aragorn]] to include a green jewel in his ''[[Eärendillinwë]]'', possibly anticipating the symbolic importance that the gem would have in his life. Bilbo Baggins, obeying Aragorn, but seemingly unaware of the Elfstone's story, included an inaccurate reference to an emerald.<ref>{{FR|II1}}, p. 237</ref> [[File:Tatyafinwe - Galadriel wearing the Elessar.jpg|thumb|''Galadriel wearing the Elessar'' by [[:Category:Images by Tatyafinwe|Tatyafinwe]]|337x337px]]

When the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] visited the wood of [[Lothlórien]], the Elfstone was again under Galadriel's possession. When the Fellowship departed and Galadriel offered them [[gifts of Galadriel|her gifts]], the Elfstone was the gift for Aragorn.<ref name="Farewell">{{FR|II8}}, p. 375</ref> This giving held the function of a wedding gift from the family of the bride to the groom, foretelling his marriage to Arwen.<ref>{{MR|Laws}}, p. 211</ref>

The Elfstone was worn by Aragorn ever after, and as foretold, he took the name of ''Elessar, the Elfstone of the [[House of Elendil]]''.<ref name="Farewell" /> Thus, when he manifested his royal blood at [[Minas Tirith]], he used Elessar, the [[Quenya]] word for Elfstone, as one of his royal names,<ref>{{RK|V8}}, p. 863</ref> being crowned as King Elessar.<ref>{{RK|VI5}}, p. 967</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
An early concept for the Elfstone was the '''Green Stone of [[Fëanor]]'''. This stone was given from Fëanor to his eldest son [[Maedhros|Maidros]] on his deathbed, and then later given from Maidros to [[Fingon]].<ref>{{WJ|Angband}}, pp. 176-7</ref> Christopher Tolkien noted that this was likely his father "pondering the previous history of the ''Elessar''", though this version of the story was not further expanded upon and likely dismissed in favor of the histories present in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]''.

At one point during the development of "''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''", ''[[Eärnur|King Eärnur]]'', was named '''King Elessar''' in an abandoned draft and manuscript.<ref>{{WR|2|V}}, p. 153</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:The Elfstone is worn by Aragorn on his cloak. Although it is never identified in film, it matches the books description.

{{references}}
{{Giftsofgaladriel}}
[[Category:Gifts of Galadriel]]
[[Category:Heirlooms]]
[[Category:Rings and jewels]]

[[de:Elessar (Edelstein)]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/elessar]]
[[fi:Elessar (jalokivi)]]

The Adventures of Tom Bombadil

2020-12-31T20:52:09Z

Gaelhelemar: Broken/nonexistent reference removed

{{disambig-two|the poetry collection titled ''The Adventures of Tom Bombadil''|poem by the same name|[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (poem)]]}}
{{book
| title=The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book
| image=[[Image:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil cover.jpg|225px]]
| author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| publisher=[[Allen and Unwin|George Allen and Unwin]] (UK) [[Houghton Mifflin]] (US)
| date=[[22 November]] [[1962]] (UK) [[1963]]
| format=Hardback in dustwrapper
| pages=63
| noisbn=None
}}
''''' The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book''''' is a collection of poetry by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], published in 1962. The book contains 16 poems, only two of which deal with [[Tom Bombadil]], a character who is most famous for his encounter with [[Frodo Baggins]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', the first volume in Tolkien's best-selling ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. The rest of the poems are an assortment of bestiary verse and fairy tale rhyme.

The book was originally illustrated by [[Pauline Baynes]] and later by [[Roger Garland]].

The book, like the first edition of ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', is presented as if it is an actual translation from the [[Red Book of Westmarch]], and contains some background information on the world of [[Middle-earth]] which is not found elsewhere. Examples are the name of the [[Tirith Aear|tower]] at [[Dol Amroth]] and the names of the [[Rivers of Gondor|Seven Rivers of Gondor]]. There is some dispute about its canonical status since the information presented about the secondary world is considered only as folklore among the [[Hobbits]].
==Development==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s aunt [[Jane Neave]] enjoyed the figure of [[Tom Bombadil]] and asked him if he could make a book out of him that would make an affordable [[Christmas]] present. Tolkien didn't feel that anything more could be told about Tom, but considered his earler poem about him, that would be made into an illustrated booklet,<ref group=note>''[[Bilbo's Last Song]]'' was published years later in such a format.</ref> thinking about [[Pauline Baynes]]. [[Rayner Unwin]] suggested to him to collect more poems with it so as to be a more publishable book, and Tolkien researched some older, half-forgotten poems the value of which he doubted<ref name=chron>{{CG|C}}</ref><ref>{{L|233}}</ref> but as he wrote to his aunt, he enjoyed rediscovering and rubbing them up<ref>{{L|234}}</ref> and took a lot of work to re-write them.

Tolkien thought (and Baynes agreed) that the poems didn't fit together as a collection.<ref name=chron/> Tolkien worked a lot to make them fit with each other and into [[Hobbit]]-lore; he decided including a Foreword that would make this connection, and wrote [[Bombadil Goes Boating|a second poem with Tom]] in order to fit him better into the world of [[the Shire]] and Hobbits.<ref>{{L|237}}</ref>
===Illustration===
While Tolkien considered ''The Adventures'' poem very pictorial, Baynes rather suggested that his poems were rather "felt", but Tolkien insisted that his images, although fantastical and nonsensical, were definite, clear and precise.<ref>{{L|235}}</ref> Tolkien's main instruction to Baynes was that the ilustrations shouldn't be comical as even the more lighthearted poems had a serious undercurrent.

Baynes began working on the book in June 1962, collaborating with art editor Ronald Eames. She was asked for five illustrations but completed six by August and were all printed. Tolkien had criticised her illustration of ''[[The Hoard]]'' which he opted to be omitted (eventually Baynes made a new version for ''[[Poems and Stories]]'' according to his criticism). Tolkien also disagreed with the cover and its lettering but it was too late for a change.

The illustrations for ''Cat'' and ''Fastitocalon'' were messed up, and in the following reprints the order of the poems was reversed and the art adjusted.

In the end Tolkien credited for a large part Baynes for the commercial success of the book.
==Audio performances==
*[[1952 tape recording]]
*''[[Poems and Songs of Middle Earth]]''
*''[[Tales_from_the_Perilous_Realm_(1992_radio_series)|Tales from the Perilous Realm]]''
*''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Audio Collection]]''
==Contents==
#[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (poem)|The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]
#[[Bombadil Goes Boating]]
#[[Errantry]]
#[[Little Princess Mee]]
#[[The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late]]
#[[The Man in the Moon Came Down Too Soon]]
#[[The Stone Troll]]
#[[Perry-the-Winkle]]
#[[The Mewlips]]
#[[Oliphaunt (poem)|Oliphaunt]]
#[[Fastitocalon (poem)|Fastitocalon]]
#[[Cat (poem)|Cat]]
#[[Shadow-Bride]]
#[[The Hoard]]
#[[The Sea-Bell]]
#[[The Last Ship]]
The order of the poems form a thematical progress: two poems with the titular character, two "[[faerie]]" poems, two with the [[Man in the Moon]], two with [[Trolls]]; three "bestiary", and four "atmospheric/emotional". ''The Mewlips'' doesn't fit to a category, and placed in the middle as a divider.

Some of the proposed poems that were finally omitted were ''[[Kortirion among the Trees]]'' and ''[[The Dragon's Visit]]''; ''[[You and Me / and the Cottage of Lost Play|You & Me]]'' was also possibly revisited during that process.
==Expanded edition==
In 2014 was published an expanded edition of ''The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book'', edited by [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]. The new edition includes earlier versions of several poems and the related poem ''[[Once upon a Time]]''. It also contains the formerly unpublished "predecessor of ''Perry-the-Winkle'', called ''[[The Bumpus]]'', and the complete, tantalizingly brief fragment of a prose story featuring Tom Bombadil, in the days of 'King Bonhedig'". In addition, the editors provide a new introduction and a commentary on the text.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]]|articleurl=http://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/2014/01/15/new-tolkien-projects-part-one/|articlename=New Tolkien Projects, Part One|dated=15 January 2014|website=[http://wayneandchristina.wordpress.com/ Wayneandchristina.wordpress.com]|accessed=19 January 2014}}</ref>

==External links==
*[http://archive.thetablet.co.uk/article/15th-december-1962/15/from-an-antique-land-the-adventures-of-tom-bombadi ''The Adventures of Tom Bombadil'' review] at thetablet.co.uk
*[http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/booksbytolkien/adventuresoftb/description.htm Review] at Tolkienlibrary.com
*[http://www.hammondandscull.com/addenda/bombadil.html Addenda and Corrigenda to The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book (2014)]

{{references}}
{{perilousrealm}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adventures of Tom Bombadil}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil| ]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Poetry books]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[de:Die Abenteuer des Tom Bombadil]]
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/atb]]
[[fi:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and other verses from the Red Book]]

Tom Bombadil

2020-12-31T20:43:29Z

Gaelhelemar: /* Appearance and traits */ Broken quote fixed

{{disambig-more|Tom|[[Tom (disambiguation)]]}}
{{other infobox
| image=[[Image:John Howe - Tom Bombadil.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Tom Bombadil" by [[John Howe]]
| name=Tom Bombadil
| pronun=
| othernames=''Iarwain Ben-adar'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Orald'' ([[Rohan language|R]]) ''Forn'' ([[Khuzdul|K]])
| titles=The [[Eldest]], [[Master]]
| position=
| location=[[Old Forest]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=saving [[Frodo]], [[Sam]], [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]] from the [[Old Man Willow]] and the [[Barrow-wights|Barrow-wight]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Goldberry]]
| children=
| race=[[Tom Bombadil/Nature|Unknown]]
| gender=Male
| height=Short
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Blue jacket and hat, boots
| weapons=Song
| steed=[[Fatty Lumpkin]]
}}
{{quote|Eldest, that's what I am... Tom remembers the first raindrop and the first acorn... he knew the dark under the stars when it was fearless – before the Dark Lord came from Outside.|Tom Bombadil in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[In the House of Tom Bombadil]]"}}
'''Tom Bombadil''' was an enigmatic figure that lived throughout the history of [[Arda]]. Living in the depths of the [[Old Forest]], he seemed to possess unequaled power in the land around his dwelling. Although seemingly benevolent, he took no stance against the [[Dark Lord]]s.

His existence passed into Hobbit lore and was referenced in poems such as ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]''.
==Appearance and traits==
{{quote|Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow; Bright blue his jacket is, and his boots are yellow.|Tom Bombadil}}
Tom looks like a male figure, with a red "ripe" face, with many laughing wrinkles, sporting a long brown beard. His eyes are bright blood. He wears a blue coat and an old tall hat with a long blue feather. His thick legs wear big yellow boots.<ref name="OldF"/>

He lived in a little house in the [[Dingle]] of the [[Old Forest]] by the river [[Withywindle]], together with his lovely wife [[Goldberry]].

The [[Bucklanders]] had little understanding of his powers and nature. They saw him as a mysterious, unpredictable, but benevolent and comic person; more or less as the [[Shire-folk]] thought of [[Gandalf]].<ref name="Adv"/>

==History==
===Origins===
[[Image:Olanda Fong-Surdenas - Tom Bombadil.jpg|thumb|left|''Tom Bombadil'' by [[Olanda Fong-Surdenas]]]]
{{quote|He is a strange creature.|[[Elrond]], ''[[The Council of Elrond]]''}}
The origins and [[Tom Bombadil/Nature|nature of Tom Bombadil]] are unknown; however, he already existed when the [[Morgoth|Dark Lord]] came to [[Arda]],<ref name="house">{{FR|Bombadil}}</ref> signifying he was alive even before the coming of the [[Valar]].

He was on Arda "before the river and the trees", before the first rain and made paths before the [[Great March]] of the [[Eldar]] and later of the [[Middle Men]] and their [[Barrow Downs|tombs]]. He also witnessed the [[Changing of the World]], the arrival of the [[Exiles of Númenor]] and the [[Barrow-wights]],<ref name="house"/> but his role and nature in the [[Elder Days]] and later is unknown. He also witnessed the reducing of the great forests that covered all [[Middle-earth]], and perhaps of his powers.<ref name="CoE"/>

The level of his interactions with the outside world is also unclear; however, he seemed to have names among many peoples and perhaps became a folkloric figure in the traditions and legends of Elves, Dwarves, Men.<ref name="CoE"/><ref name="Adv">{{AB|Preface}}</ref>

During the [[Third Age]], he had contact with the [[Bucklanders]]<ref name="Adv"/> and [[Farmer Maggot]], and perhaps it was this to which he owed his jolly and whimsical attitude.

===War of the Ring===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Willow Man is Tamed.jpg|thumb|''The Willow Man is Tamed'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
On [[26 September]], {{TA|3018}}, he encountered [[travellers|four hobbits]] while he was searching for water-lilies for his wife. Two of those Hobbits, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], had been captured by [[Old Man Willow]]. Tom, who was the master of the Old Forest, rescued them, and took all four of them to his house.<ref name="OldF">{{FR|Forest}}</ref>

The four hobbits stayed two nights, and he told them many tales and songs. With cunning questions, he made [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] tell him of the [[The One Ring|Ring]]. When Tom tried it on, nothing happened, but he then took it off and flipped it in the air and made the ring itself disappear, showing that indeed within his realm Tom was master. However, when Frodo put the ring on, Tom could still see him. He bade the Hobbit to come back and sit down; his hand was fairer without the ring.

The following morning, Tom warned his guests of the [[Barrow-downs]], and advised them to pass any barrow on the western side. He also taught them a song, should they come to peril.<ref name="house"/>

And they did come to peril. Tom chased off a [[Barrow-wights|wight]] with song, and broke the spells on the barrow in which the four hobbits were captured. While he sent the Hobbits into calm down, he went for provisions. He also brought the ponies that had belonged to Merry. After that, he broke the spells of the barrow. From the barrow's mighty hoard, he took a brooch for Goldberry, and gave a [[Daggers of Westernesse|dagger]] to each of the hobbits. He then advised them to make for ''[[The Prancing Pony]]'' in [[Bree]].<ref>{{FR|Barrow}}</ref>

The peril of the hobbits was not over; an attack on their lives was carried out, and their ponies were set loose. The ponies apparently remembered the care they were given in the house of Tom Bombadil, and returned to stay beside Tom's own pony, [[Fatty Lumpkin]]. He returned them to [[Barliman Butterbur]], the proprietor of ''The Prancing Pony''. Since he had paid eighteen pence as compensation for the loss, he was now the owner of five fine ponies.<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref>

As he was merry and benevolent, some of the [[Free Peoples]] considered him a potential ally against [[Sauron]]: during the [[War of the Ring]] [[Elrond]] and [[Erestor]] considered that he should be present at the [[Council of Elrond]]. However, according to [[Gandalf]], Tom Bombadil was perhaps not fully aware of the struggle of Light and Darkness and could not prove useful to their causes.<ref name="CoE"/>

Eventually the defeat of Sauron in the end of the War, and the victory of the [[West]] allowed Tom to continue and "survive" in the following Ages.<ref>{{L|144}}</ref>

==Etymology and other names==
''Tom Bombadil'' is said to be a [[Buckland|Bucklandish]] name, added by Hobbit chroniclers to his many older ones. It is, like many names of the Bucklanders, untranslatable.<ref name="Adv"/>

He also went by other names:
* To the [[Elves]] and [[Dúnedain]], he was known with the [[Sindarin]] name '''''[[iaur|Iar]][[gwain|wain]] [[penadar|Ben-adar]]''''', which translates to "Oldest and Fatherless".<ref name="CoE">{{FR|Council}}</ref> ''Iarwain'' literally means "Old-young"<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'' p. 128; quoting an unpublished letter by Tolkien</ref>
* To [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]] and [[Rohan]], he was known with the [[Rohirric]] name '''''Orald'''''.<ref name="CoE"/> This is an [[Old English]] word meaning "very ancient.<ref name="nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 761</ref>
* The Dwarves knew him as '''''Forn'''''. This too is a reference to his age: it is [[North Germanic languages|Old Norse]] for "(belonging to) ancient (days)".<ref name="nomen"/><ref group=note>In some imprints of ''[[The History of Middle-earth Index]]'', this name was accidentally spelled with a "P" as the first letter: {{HM|IX}}, "Tom Bombadil (VII)", p. 435</ref>

==Inspiration==
Tom Bombadil was inspired primarily from a [[Wikipedia:Peg wooden doll|dutch doll]] Tolkien's child(ren) toyed with. Around the 1930s or earlier he wrote a poem about some Tom Bombadil rowing down a River, a poem which Tolkien later identified as his "germ of Tom Bombadil".<ref>{{RS|1VT}}</ref> Later in [[1934]] he put him into [[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (poem)|a poem]], described according to the appearance of the doll (something that he did with other toys of his children, like [[Rover]]).<ref name=intro>{{AB|Intro}}</ref> At one time he described him as a "spirit of the (vanishing) [[Oxford]] and Berkshire countryside"<ref name=L19>{{L|19}}</ref> When asked to make a sequel for ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Tolkien briefly considered if he would base it around that figure of his poem,<ref name=L19/> who eventually [[The Old Forest|appeared]] in the narrative.

[[Paula Marmor]] notes that ''bobadil'' is an archaic word meaning "braggart", as seen in the character "Captain Bobadill" in the English play ''[[Wikipedia:Every Man in His Humour|Every Man in His Humour]]''. Because of its Bucklandish form, ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'' lists the name Bombadil under the "[[Celtic]]-sounding names". However, it is said that the word derives from '''[[Wikipedia:Boabdil|Boabdil]]''', the Spaniard name of [[Wikipedia:Muhammad XII of Granada|'''Abu Abdillah''' Muhammad XII]], the last Moorish ruler of Granada.<ref>{{HM|IE}}, Giving of Names</ref>

[[John D. Rateliff]] has noted a theory launched by scholar Justin Noetzel. In the latter's paper "Beorn and Tom Bombadil: Mythology, Narrative, and The Most (Non) Essential Characters in Middle-earth", Noetzel suggests an association of Tom Bombadil with the [[Wikipedia:Celtic Otherworld|Celtic Otherworld]] and tales of the [[Wikipedia:Tuatha Dé Danann|Tuatha Dé Danann]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John D. Rateliff]]|articleurl=http://sacnoths.blogspot.se/2013/03/valparaiso-day-three.html|articlename=Valparaiso, Day Three|dated=12 March 2013|website=Sac|accessed=14 March 2013}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Because he is left out of the three major adaptations ([[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|Ralph Bakshi]], [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC's 1981 series]] and [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|Peter Jackson's]]), Tom Bombadil's main role (providing the [[Daggers of Westernesse|Barrow-blades]]) is omitted. He does have several appearances in other adaptations, though.

{{Gallery
|title=Tom Bombadil in adaptations
|height=150
|width=200
|lines=3
|File:War in Middle Earth - Tom Bombadil.png|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Tom Bombadil.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game - Tom Bombadil, The Master.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''
|File:BFME2 - Tom Bombadil 03.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Tom Bombadil.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
}}
'''1955: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1956 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:[[Norman Shelley]] voiced Bombadil, and Tolkien thought his portrayal "dreadful". [[Goldberry]] was portrayed as his daughter, rather than his wife<ref>{{L|175}}</ref>.

'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:In this series, Tom was voiced by [[Bernard Mayes]]. Like Norman Shelley before him, he also voiced [[Gandalf]].

'''1988: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil can be found outside his house in the Old Forest.

'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings Volume I]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil rescues the party from the Willow Man, and provides information, supplies, shelter, and side-quests for the party. He later rescues the party from the Barrow Wights, and very briefly joins as a temporary playable character while inside the barrow. His role runs almost directly parallel to the original, with some related passages of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' quoted directly. However, [[Goldberry]]'s role is significantly changed to provide a quest for the party.

'''1992: [[Tales from the Perilous Realm (1992 radio series)|''Tales from the Perilous Realm'' (1992 radio series)]]:'''
:When he adapted the 1981 [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|radio series]], [[Brian Sibley]] deeply regretted cutting Bombadil from the radio series.<ref>[[Brian Sibley]], ''[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/2008/01/this-page-is-still-under-construction_23.html The Ring Goes Ever On]''</ref> When he made ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' into a radio series, he decided to change the section "[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]". Rather than several (unadaptable) Hobbitish poems, Sibley adapted the chapters from ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]''. Bombadil is voiced by [[Ian Hogg]].

'''1993: ''[[Hobitit]]'':'''
:Tom Bombadil is portrayed by [[Esko Hukkanen]]. It is the only screen adaptation that features him so far.

'''2001-2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:Although Tom Bombadil does not appear in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], Decipher produced a card for the character. He was portrayed by Harry Weller-Chew.

'''2001-present: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]'':'''
:Despite not appearing in the films the game is based on, Tom Bombadil and Goldberry were given several models by [[Games Workshop]], which has held rights for tabletop games since 1980.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:[[Daran Norris]] portrayed Bombadil with a Scottish accent. His role is much like that in the book, and as one of the few characters in this video game, he keeps most of his songs.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:In the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (extended edition)|extended edition]], some of Bombadil's poems are transferred to [[Treebeard]], and so is his encounter with [[Old Man Willow]].

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Bombadil is a summonable power. Once summoned, he can plow through enemy lines. His most powerful weapon is a "Sonic Song". As soon as [[Electronic Arts|EA]] secured the rights to the books, it was decided that Tom Bombadil should be in it; his appearance is kept close to his description in the book.<ref>[http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/battleformiddleearth2/news.html?sid=6139678 The Lord of the Rings, The Battle for Middle-earth II Q&A - Enter Tom Bombadil], [http://www.gamespot.com/ GameSpot.com]</ref>

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Tom can be found either inside or outside his house in the Old Forest. He helps the player track down crebain scouts possessing important information, and later arrives to rescue the player from the Barrow-Downs when (s)he gets himself in more than (s)he is prepared for, much like the Hobbits in the Book.

'''2012: ''[[Lego The Lord of the Rings: The Video Game]]'':'''
:Bombadil is a playable character. He uses a trowel as a weapon and for digging in certain spots. Tom can be found in his house on the road to the north of [[Bucklebury Ferry]] in the forested area between [[Bree]] and the Shire. It is unclear if this forest is meant to be the Old Forest or not; it is in the right location, but the game never specifically names it and its physical appearance does not fit the book's description.

===Collectibles===
In [[April]] [[2008]], [[Gentle Giant]] released the Tom Bombadil Mini Bust.

==See also==
*'''[[Tom Bombadil/Nature|The Nature of Tom Bombadil]]'''

== External links ==
* [http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/tombombadil.html Entry in the Encyclopedia of Arda] (a concise overview of the discussion)
* [http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/08/27/count-count-weigh-divide/ Count, Count, Weigh, Divide] by [[Michael Martinez]] (discusses Tom Bombadil's moral aspects at length)
* [http://www.whoistombombadil.blogspot.com/2013/01/tom-bombadil-as-music-of-ainur_9.html Tom as the Music of the Ainur] discusses the major theories of Tom's origins and proposes a new theory.
* [http://www.cas.unt.edu/~hargrove/tombomb.html Who Is Tom Bombadil?] (an essay by Gene Hargrove)

{{references|notes}}
{{ringbearers}}
[[Category:Characters in The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Enigmas]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Tom Bombadil]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/tom_bombadil]]
[[fi:Tom Bombadil]]

Battle of Five Armies

2018-08-23T22:08:07Z

Gaelhelemar: /* Other versions of the Legendarium */

{{Countdown}}
{{disambig-more|Battle of Five Armies|[[Battle of Five Armies (disambiguation)]]}}
{{battle
|image=[[File:Matt Stewart - The Battle Under the Mountain.jpg|300px]]|
name=Battle of Five Armies
|conflict=Battle of Five Armies
|date=[[23 November]] {{TA|2941}} (speculative)<ref name="KWF99">[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' (second edition), page 99</ref>
|place=the slopes of Erebor, and the Valley and ruins of Dale
|result=Victory for the Elves, Men, and Dwarves
|side1=[[Elves]], [[Men]], [[Dwarves]], and [[Eagles]]
|side2=[[Orcs#Goblins|Goblins]]/[[Orcs]], [[Wargs]], [[Bats]]
|commanders1=
*[[Gandalf]]
*[[Thranduil]]
*[[Bard|Bard the Bowman]]
*[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin]]
*[[Thorin|Thorin]] †
*[[Gwaihir]]
|commanders2=
*[[Bolg]] †
|forces1=
*Over 1,000 Elf spearmen and several hundred more archers<ref>{{H|17}}</ref>
*Unknown number of Lake-Men
*500+ [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]<ref name="Thief">{{H|Thief}}</ref>
*Many [[Eagles]]
*Thorin's 12 Dwarf companions
*[[Beorn]]
|forces2=* "A vast host" of Goblins, Bats, and Wargs
|casual1=Many
|casual2=Severe; three parts of the goblin warriors of the North perished<ref>{{H|18}}</ref>
}}

The '''Battle of Five Armies''' was an important battle waged in {{TA|2941}}.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> The five warring parties were the [[Orcs#Goblins|Goblins]] and the [[Wargs]] against [[Men]], [[Elves]] and [[Dwarves]] on and near the [[Lonely Mountain]].

==History==
=== Prelude ===

Thorin and Company, including the "master-thief" [[Bilbo Baggins]] trying to
recapture the heirloom of their fathers' (and possibly to kill Smaug, too, and thus to recapture the whole Kingdom) had camped without at [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] for some weeks. Bilbo had already done some exploration of the old hallways using the [[Back Door]] and had stolen a golden cup from the treasure. By this deed and by Bilbo's bold speech Smaug's anger was kindled.

Erroneously believing, due to some remarks Bilbo had made during his conversation with Smaug,<ref name="Inside">{{H|Inside}}</ref> that some scheme of the Men of [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]] was the reason for the Dwarves' (and Bilbo's) presence, Smaug flew to Esgaroth to show them who is "the true [[King under the Mountain]]".<ref name="Inside">{{H|Inside}}</ref> Smaug's fires burned down the whole town, but the dragon was killed by [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]]. The [[Elves of Mirkwood]] soon learned that Smaug had been killed and thus set forth to claim the treasure, believing there was no one left who had a claim on it. Having heard of the disaster that had struck the befriended men, the Elven host turned aside to offer any help that could be provided. Some day after the Elves had arrived at the [[Long Lake]] a united host of Men and Elves set forth towards Erebor, believing that the Dwarves had been among the first casualties of Smaug's wrath. To their surprise they found Thorin and Company quite alive, the gate to the halls beneath Erebor barred by a wall and themselves treated as foes, coming armed towards the gates.<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref>

For several reasons Bard, being heir of [[Girion]], Lord of [[Dale]], claimed one twelfth of the treasure: first, he was the dragonslayer and without him, the Dwarves could never have reclaimed their old home. Second, a great deal of Dale's treasure had been robbed by Smaug and thus belonged rightfully to Bard and not the Dwarves. Third, the men of Esgaroth had helped the Dwarves on their journey and now had suffered severely; their whole city burned to the ground and their stocks being destroyed by Smaug, whose anger in the end was only risen by the Dwarves alone. Therefore they demanded compensation and Bard intended to pay it from the part of the treasure he claimed.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|Gathering}}</ref>

Yet Thorin rebuked these claims. He would not fulfill any of the conditions as long as an armoured Elven host camped near Erebor. For the Elves did not have any claims on the treasure and Thorin himself had been imprisoned by the Elves.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|Gathering}}</ref>

As a result, [[Thorin and Company]] were trapped in a bloodless siege, with [[Thranduil]] and Bard hoping to wait him out.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|Gathering}}</ref> However, Thorin had sent messages of his plight to his relatives using as messengers talking [[Ravens]] that lived on the Lonely Mountain. These reached [[Dáin Ironfoot]] of the nearby Iron Hills, and he marched to Erebor with 500 heavily armed [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]], most of them skilled veterans of the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]]<ref name="Thief">{{H|Thief}}</ref>. When Dain's forces arrived, battle was almost joined between the two sides (now ''three'' armies were on the field) but at the last moment [[Gandalf]] intervened between the two and revealed that while they were bickering amongst themselves, the Goblins of the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Grey Mountains]] under [[Bolg]] were using the opportunity to march against them. They had been incited by Gandalf's earlier slaying of the [[Great Goblin]], but had now mobilized for a full-scale attack after hearing news of the death of the Dragon and the now relatively unguarded treasure hoard.<ref name=Burst>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

=== The Battle ===

The three commanders agreed that the Goblins and Wargs were the enemies of all and previous grievances between them were put on hold in face of the greater threat. They arranged their forces on the two spurs of the Mountain that lined the valley leading to the now-sealed off great [[Front Gate|Gate of Erebor]]; the only entrance to the Mountain that remained unblocked (any others had been destroyed by Smaug long before). The 500 Dwarves and 200 or so Lake-men formed up on one spur and over 1000 Elves on the other, while a light rear-guard lined across the mouth of the valley to lure the Goblins between the two spurs of the mountain, and thus destroy them. [[Bilbo Baggins]] tried to sit out the battle on [[Ravenhill]] which was held by the Elves and where also Gandalf had withdrawn to.<ref name=Burst>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

[[File:Joona Kujanen - Battle of Five Armies - Men of Esgaroth.jpg|300px|thumb|left|'''Battle of Five Armies: Men of Esgaroth''' by Joona Kujanen.]]Soon the Goblins and Wargs arrived, and at first the plan worked: they were lured into the chokepoint and took heavy losses. However, due to their superior numbers, the allied Free peoples did not hold the advantage long. The second wave was even worse than the first, and due to their sheer number now many Goblins scaled the mountain from the opposite side, and began to attack the arrayed forces from above and behind, as the main wave pressed forward. The battle raged across the Mountain, and then a great noise was heard: Thorin and his 12 Dwarf companions inside the mountain had thrown down a section of the stone wall they had erected across the mouth of the gates, killing many Goblins. Thorin and Company emerged, covered in the best armour and armed with the best weapons in Erebor. Then Thorin cried, "''Rally to me my kinsfolk''," and charged down into the valley to join the battle with many Dwarves and many Men and Elves joining them. Thorin advanced through the Goblins' ranks all the way up to the gigantic Goblins that formed the Bodyguard of Bolg, but could not get past them. Also his battle-line was too short, the flanks unprotected and thus his attack soon crumbled, Thorin and many others were cut off and hard beset by Bolg's bodyguard. The battle degenerated into a chaotic close quarters melee, no quarter asked or given.<ref name=Burst>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

As the battle was turning fully against the Free Folk, a large army of Giant [[Eagles]] of the Misty Mountains arrived, led by the [[Great Eagle]]. Bilbo was the first to spot their entrance on the scene and began shouting that "the Eagles are coming!", a shout that was then continued among the other troops of the Free Folk. At this point Bilbo was knocked in the head by a large stone thrown by a Goblin from above on the Mountain, and he was knocked out.<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref> With the support of the Giant Eagles, the Goblins that had scaled Erebor were driven off. The tide was eventually turned, when [[Beorn]] himself arrived at the battle, apparently having heard news that a large army of Goblins were on the move. This time he did not appear in his former shape of a giant Man, but in that of a gigantic Bear. Beorn drove through the Goblin lines, but paused to carry the wounded Thorin out of the battle with his paw. Beorn then returned to the battle with even greater wrath and smashed the ranks of the Bodyguard of [[Bolg]], ultimately killing Bolg. The Goblins panicked and scattered, to be picked off by hunting forces from the victors later.<ref name="Return">{{H|Return}}</ref>

=== Aftermath ===

[[Thorin]] had been mortally wounded on the field, and his nephews [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]] died defending him as he lay on the ground with shield and body. Thorin died soon after the battle, after he had met Bilbo one last time and had taken back the harsh words he had spoken before.

After defeating the Goblins and Wargs, the victors divided the treasure. Bard took [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s fourteenth share of the gold and silver in return for the [[Arkenstone]], whereupon he shared his reward with the [[Master of Lake-town]] and gave the Elvenking [[Thranduil]] the emeralds of [[Girion]]. Bilbo, despite having forfeited his share, was offered a rich reward by [[Dáin Ironfoot]] but refused to take more than two small chests of gold and silver.

It is said that three quarters of the Goblin warriors of the North were killed on that day. The Goblins of the Misty Mountains and the Dwarves both were significantly spent after the battle, and until the [[War of the Ring]], the North remained quiet on both sides.<ref name="Return"/>

==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In its first versions, the conflict around Erebor ended after the Siege. While Bard and the Elvenking laid siege, Gandalf would arrive and negotiate a peace treaty. The actual Battle, dubbed by [[John D. Rateliff]] the "Battle of Anduin Vale", would be on the return journey, in what would later be known as the [[Vales of Anduin]]. There, Goblins and Wargs would waylay Bilbo. The Five Armies in this incarnation were the Goblins, the Wargs, the Woodelves, the Woodmen, and [[Beorn|Beorn Medwed]] leading a troop of bears.<ref name=TBo5A">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[John D. Rateliff]] (ed.), ''[[The History of The Hobbit|The History of The Hobbit: Return to Bag-End]]'', pages 713-4</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1966: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The battle is completely omitted. Bilbo kills the dragon, and returns home.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:The "Five Armies" are the Elves, the Men, the Dwarves, the Goblins (and [[Wargs]]) and the Eagles. Bilbo estimates the force of the Men and Elves on 10,000, but this may not be an accurate estimate. The number of Dwarves of [[Thorin and Company]] to have died is seven, but only Thorin and [[Bombur]] are named among the dead. Only [[Glóin]] is shown as having survived the battle.

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:The battle takes up most of the last chapter. Because Bilbo is the main character, his role in the battle is much expanded. After leaving Thranduil, he has to fight his way to Balin, [[Lianna]], [[Corwin]], Gandalf, Beorn, and ultimately Bolg.

'''2014: [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|''The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies'']]:'''
:The battle comprises the majority of the film. The five armies are described as Elves, Men, Dwarves, and two armies of Orcs - one from Dol Guldur and the other from [[Gundabad]].<ref>[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (extended edition)]] Appendices</ref> [[Azog]] acts as commander, rather than [[Bolg]], and set up a signal post on [[Raven Hill]] to coordinate the battle.

{{references}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[de:Schlacht der Fünf Heere]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:3a:guerres:bataille_des_cinq_armees]]
[[fi:Viiden Armeijan Taistelu]]

Kine of Araw

2018-07-08T05:01:44Z

Gaelhelemar:

[[Image:Kine of Araw.png|thumb|''Kine of Araw'' as portrayed in ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'']]
'''Kine of Araw''' were a species of [[cows|oxen]] that lived in fields in [[Rhûn]] near the [[Sea of Rhûn]], and they were hardier and wilder than any other oxen in [[Middle-earth]]. Legends claimed that they were descended from the cattle of the [[Oromë]], the Huntsman of the Valar, and so they were named the Kine of Araw<ref name=V1>{{RK|V1}}</ref><ref>{{App|South}}</ref> ([[Oromë#Etymology|Araw]] being the [[Sindarin]] form of [[Oromë]]'s name).

The Kine were famous as the quarry of [[Vorondil]] the Hunter, ancestor of the [[Ruling Steward|Ruling Stewards of Gondor]]. It was he who cut a horn from one of these beasts and fashioned a hunting-horn from it, the [[Great Horn]], which came to be carried by the eldest son of the Ruling Steward from [[Vorondil]]'s time onward. The last heir to bear the horn was [[Boromir]], who saw it broken in two in his battle with [[Orcs]] beneath [[Amon Hen]].<ref>{{TT|IV5}}</ref><ref name=V1 />

==Inspiration==
In an unpublished manuscript held at the [[Bodleian Library]], the Wild Kine were likened by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] to ''[[wikipedia:Aurochs|aurochs]]''.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 265</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Animals]]

Balin's folk

2017-11-05T19:24:58Z

Gaelhelemar: /* History */ Fixing some errors

[[File:Joona Kujanen - Upper armories of the Deep.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Joona Kujanen]] - ''Upper armories of the Deep'']]
'''Balin's Colony''' was a group of [[Dwarves]] that followed [[Balin]] to recolonize [[Moria]] in {{TA|2989}}.

==Background==
Though the riches of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] had made the Dwarves prosperous again, a strange darkness rose amongst the people of Erebor, and rumor grew of even greater wealth elsewhere. Chiefly among these grew that Durin’s folk now had the strength and numbers to return Khazad-dûm, which Balin and many others had decided to journey to. Despite King [[Dáin Ironfoot]]’s advice against their plan, he gave leave of Balin and his followers to take the expedition in {{TA|2989}}.
<ref name="Many Meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref> They had hoped to regain the treasures of Moria, and Balin had also hoped to find the [[Ring of Thrór]], which was assumed to have been lost when [[Thrór]] entered the [[Great Gates|East-gate]] years before (in reality Thrór had given the Ring to his son, [[Thráin]], before his fateful quest to retake his kingdom).<ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref>
==History==
Eventually Balin and his followers reached and entered the [[Dimrill Dale]]. Battle soon ensued that day leaving many orcs dead, and [[Flói]] who was killed after slaying an orc chieftain. The Dwarves subsequently took the East-gate and [[First Hall]].
Afterward Flói was buried under the grass near [[Mirrormere]],and the Dwarves continued systematically taking the eastern parts of the city which chiefly included the [[Twenty-first Hall]]. Where Balin set up his set in the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]], proclaiming himself [[Lord of Moria]].<ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

For five years the colony explored and thrived, even sending messengers to Erebor to inform their kin of their doings. The Colony also managed to find many old treasures such as [[Durin's Axe]], Durin's helm, mithril, gold, and other treasures.

===Turn of the tables===
This all changed on [[10 November]] {{TA|2994}}. As Lord Balin went to go look in Mirrormere, an orc archer fatally shot him from behind a rock. The Dwarves killed the archer, but many more orcs came up the [[Celebrant|Silverlode]] river. After a short battle, and with Balin’s body rescued, the surviving Dwarves retreated back into the First Hall and barred the East-gate. Eventually the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]] was captured, along with the [[Second Hall]], but only after a [[Battle of the Second Hall|great battle]] there that left [[Lóni]], [[Frár]] and [[Náli]] dead. [[Óin]] apparently led a group west, hoping to find and escape through the [[Doors of Durin]], but the [[Watcher in the Water]] killed him and of his group only four returned. Trapped, the remaining Longbeards with [[Ori]] retreated to the Chamber of Mazarbul, where they placed Balin’s body in [[Balin's Tomb|a tomb]]. There Ori wrote the last pages in the [[Book of Mazarbul]] before he and the last few remaining Dwarves perished in a [[Last Stand of Balin's Colony|final stand]].<ref name="Bridge"/>

===Aftermath===
After receiving no news from the Colony for twenty-five years, the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] became worried about the fate of their kin. As a result, Dáin Ironfoot sent [[Glóin]] and his son [[Gimli]] to [[Rivendell]] to seek news about the colony and advice from [[Elrond]]. When [[Frodo Baggins]] met Glóin and asked him abut Ori, Balin, and Óin, his face darkened, saying that he did not know.<ref name="Council"/> [[Gimli]] eventually learned of their fate when he crossed the dwarven realm with the [[Fellowship of the Ring]]. He later reported their fate to [[Thorin Stonehelm]].<ref name="Bridge"/>

== Known Members ==
* [[Balin]]*
* [[Óin]]*
* [[Ori]]*
* [[Náli]]
* [[Frár]]
* [[Lóni]]
* [[Flói]]

''(*) A member of [[Thorin and Company]]''
{{references}}
[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Moria]]

Ecthelion

2017-10-11T19:11:19Z

Gaelhelemar: Not why there was a break there

{{disambig-more|Ecthelion|[[Ecthelion (disambiguation)]]}}
{{cleanup}}
{{sources}}
{{noldor infobox
| name=Ecthelion
| image=[[Image:Anna Lee - Ecthelion.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Ecthelion" by [[Anna Lee]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=Lord of the [[House of the Fountain]]
| position=Warden of the Great Gate
| location=[[Gondolin]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{FA|510}}
| deathlocation=[[The Fall of Gondolin]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house= [[House of the Fountain]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Silver-spiked helmet, silver garb
| weapons=Sword
| steed=
}}{{Pronounce|Ecthelion.mp3|Ardamir}}
<center>{{quote|And high and noble as was Elemmakil, greater and more lordly was Ecthelion, Lord of the Fountains, at that time Warden of the Great Gate. All in silver was he clad, and upon his shining helm there was set a spike of steel pointed with a diamond; and as his esquire took his shield it shimmered as if it were bedewed with drops of rain, that were indeed a thousand studs of crystal.|''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin]]}}</center>
'''Ecthelion''' was an [[Elves|Elf]]-lord of [[Gondolin]], leader of the [[People of the Fountain]] and slayer of [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog, Lord of Balrogs]]. He was also at one point Warden of the [[Great Gate of Gondolin]]. Ecthelion had the most beautiful voice and greatest musical talent with the flute of all the people of Gondolin. He led a wing of Gondolin's forces during the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], "The Battle of Unnumbered Tears".

==History==
===Aredhel's Escort===
Two hundred years after Gondolin was wrought, Ecthelion, Glorfindel, and Egalmoth, along with the [[Aredhel|White Lady]] of the [[Noldor|Ñoldor]] left the [[Gondolin|Hidden City]] due to Aredhel's yearning for the freedom she once had in [[Valinor]]. Their orders were to lead her towards [[Hithlum]], where she would meet her elder brother [[Fingon]]. When coming upon the [[Ford of Brithiach]], Aredhel ordered them to turn South, for she desired to see the [[Sons of Fëanor]]. Thus Ecthelion and his companions sought admittance to [[Doriath]], but the wardens refused them entrance inside the [[Girdle of Melian]]. Having no other choice, they took the dangerous road between the haunted valleys of [[Ered Gorgoroth]]. Near [[Nan Dungortheb]], the Valley of Dreadful Death, the riders were caught in a mesh of shadows and they were lost from Aredhel. In vain they sought her afterwards, but the fell offsprings of [[Ungoliant]] that dwelt in that place pursued them. Barely escaping alive, the three lords returned to Gondolin without the princess, where they were received in sorrow.
[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Glorfindel and Ecthelion.jpg|thumb|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Glorfindel and Ecthelion'']]

===Lord of Gondolin===

In the year {{FA|472}} Ecthelion fought alongside [[Turgon]] in the battle Nirnaeth Arnoediad, leading a wing of Gondolin's forces. Upon the defeat of the Ñoldor, he defended a flank as Turgon retreated. Surviving the disastrous battle, Ecthelion returned towards the Hidden City where he next appeared as Warden of the Great Gate in the ''[[Unfinished Tales|unfinished tale]]'' [[Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin]].

Twenty-three years after Nirnaeth Arnoediad, [[Tuor]] and [[Voronwë]] traveled towards the Hidden City. After being led by [[Elemmakil]] through the [[Seven Gates of Gondolin|Seven Gates]], Ecthelion appeared before them. In a short description he is portrayed as great and lordly, all clad in silver and having a bright glance. Upon his helm there was a spike with a diamond point which shimmered as "a thousand studs of crystal". At first denying passage for Tuor, he allows it after the later makes a reference towards [[Ulmo]], by saying that the Lord of the Fountains will not oppose the Lord of the Waters.

The House of the Fountain was one of the [[Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim]] whose leader was Ecthelion. Its people found delight in diamonds and the silver of their arrays was most beautiful to the sight. In the Fall of Gondolin, Ecthelion led them into battle accompanied by the music of their flutes and great were the damages caused to the enemy by their long, bright swords.

===Warcry to the Eldar===

In the battle over Gondolin, Ecthelion and his forces made their entrance from the South part of the city, after previously being held in reserve. So terrible was his voice when commanding the drawing of the swords and the killings which followed, that his name became a terror among the enemy and a Warcry to the Eldar. Valiantly fighting side by side with Tuor and his [[House of the Wing]], they drove away the orcs until almost the Gate was regained. As [[Dragons]] reinforced [[Morgoth]]'s army, Ecthelion killed three [[Balrogs]] and his sword did "hurt to their fire". Outnumbered, they had to retreat. When doing so, Ecthelion's left arm was wounded and his shield fell to earth. Tuor carried him away as they joined the remaining leaders in the [[Square of the King]].

In that place the great [[Fountain of the King]] stood and Ecthelion regained his strength by drinking from it. As seven dragons lead the enemy's forces towards the Square, the remaining army of Gondolin began retreat. All but Ecthelion, who remained near the fountain in a stand which was remembered as the most valiant "in all the songs or in any tale". It was there that he faced Gothmog, Lord of Balrogs.

===Slayer of Gothmog===

Ecthelion duelled Gothmog in the battle over Gondolin. During the duel, Ecthelion lost his sword. Gothmog then was about to deliver the final blow when Ecthelion jumped and drove the spike of his helmet into Gothmog's body. Gothmog then lost his balance and he, along with Ecthelion, fell into the Fountain of the King. Gothmog and Ecthelion both drowned.

Later, a young [[Eärendil]] asked about him, saying that he wished Ecthelion were there, "to play to me on his flute, or make me willow whistles! Perchance has he gone on ahead?" After he was informed of Ecthelion's death he "wept bitterly" and said that he cared no more to see the streets of Gondolin.

==Other Versions of the Legendarium==
Perhaps the earliest [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writing, [[The Fall of Gondolin]] was written during a leave of absence from the [[World War I]], in the year 1916. It is in that story, published posthumously by [[Christopher Tolkien]] in the volume ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'' that Ecthelion first appears. Thus he is one of the first characters Tolkien ever created.

However, from a chronological point of view, the first account of his presence is the chapter [[Of Maeglin]] from ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. The events described here took place more than one hundred and fifty years before those of Gondolin's fall. Along with [[Glorfindel of Gondolin|Glorfindel]] and [[Egalmoth]], he was assigned by [[Turgon]] as [[Aredhel]]'s escort on her ill-fated journey. Though no name is mentioned, only that "Turgon appointed three lords of his household", an explanatory note in the volume ''[[ The War of the Jewels]]'', chapter called [[Maeglin (chapter)|Maeglin]], sheds light on the escorts' identities.

==Etymology==
There are three different sources that offer a translation of ''Ecthelion'' and they all differ substantially. In ''The Book of Lost Tales Part 2'', Appendix, it is said that the name derives from the [[Quenya]] ''[[ehtelë]]'', "issue of water, spring", a reference to his title as Lord for the House of the Fountain. In [[The Etymologies]], volume ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', his name is composed from ''[[ehtë]]'', "spear" and ''[[thela]]'', "point" (of spear). Put together they would translate as "Spear-point" or "Spear-head". In ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'', which seems to be the last matter J.R.R. Tolkien wrote on it, it is derived from ''[[aeg]]'', "sharp", and ''[[Estel (philosophical concept)|thel]]'', "intent, resolve" (see also root [[STEL]]).<ref>{{WJ|Maeglin}}, pp. 318-9</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Ecthelion|Images of Ecthelion]]
{{references}}

*''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Maeglin]]
*''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Fifth Battle: Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]
*''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin]]
*''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[Of Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin]]
*''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'', [[The Coming of the Valar and the Building of Valinor]]
*''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', [[The Fall of Gondolin]]
*''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', [[The later Annals of Beleriand]]
*''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', [[Quenta Silmarillion]]
*''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', [[The Etymologies]]


[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[de:Ecthelion (Hauptmann von Gondolin)]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:noldor:ecthelion]]
[[fi:Ecthelion (Gondolin)]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]

Talk:Music of the Ainur

2017-10-10T18:55:15Z

Gaelhelemar:

==Merge==
Should this be merged with [[Ainulindalë (song)]]? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 11:24, 8 October 2017 (UTC)
:Maybe not -- in order to make difference between the happening and the story telling about it. --Tik 02:21, 10 October 2017 (UTC)
::I think the two can be merged together. I don't see any conflict, as it is both an historical event and a story. The Ainulindale (song) is essentially a summary of the Music page, and moreover is already stated on the Music page. All is needed is some infoboxes and categories moved around, nothing much needs to change. --[[User:Gaelhelemar|Gaelhelemar]] 18:55, 10 October 2017 (UTC)

Utumno

2017-09-19T02:22:03Z

Gaelhelemar: Correcting typo

{{sources}}
{{disambig-more|Udûn|[[Udûn (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location
| image=[[Image:Roger Garland - Melkor chained.jpg|250px]]
| name=Utumno
| type=Fortress
| location=[[Iron Mountains]]; far north of [[Arda]]
| inhabitants=[[Melkor]] and his servants
| realms=Melkor's dominions
| description=Vast and very cold, with pits extending deep into the earth
| othernames=Udûn ([[Sindarin|S]])
| etymology=''Underworld''; ''Hell'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| events=[[Siege of Utumno]]
| references= [[The Silmarillion]]
}}
{{quote|The dark fire will not avail you, flame of Udûn. Go back to the Shadow!|[[Gandalf]], ''[[The Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]''}}
'''Utumno''' (in [[Quenya]]) or '''Udûn''' (in [[Sindarin]]) was a fortress of [[Melkor]] in the far north of [[Middle-earth]]. It was the first and greatest of Melkor's citadels, delved in the earliest days. It was the home to hosts of demons, the fallen [[Ainur]] who allied with Melkor, and numerous monsters of corruption were made in mockery of Middle-earth's naturally intended creatures and beings.<ref name="Captivity">{{S|Captivity}}</ref>

==History==
Utumno was built by Melkor after his first expulsion from [[Arda]]. The [[Valar]] had by this time created the [[Two Lamps]]. Utumno was built under the [[Iron Mountains]], where the light of [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]] was dim and cold. Though the Valar did not yet know it, from this place, "the blight of his [Melkor's] hatred flowed out thence, and the Spring of Arda was marred."<ref name="Beginning">{{S|Beginning}}</ref>

Melkor used Utumno as his base of operations from the Valian Year 3400 until {{YT|1090}}, when the Valar assailed Melkor's fortress, which fell in {{YT|1099}}.<ref name="P2a">{{MR|P2a}}</ref>{{rp|53}}<ref name="P2e">{{MR|P2e}}</ref>{{rp|74-5}} From there he had destroyed the [[Two Lamps]], so that the [[Valar|Powers]] left [[Almaren]], their dwelling-place in [[Middle-earth]], and removed into the West. He then began his corruption of Arda.<ref name="Beginning"/> Utumno was also where the first captured [[Elves]] were taken and the creation of [[Orcs]] began as a mockery of the [[Firstborn]].

Utumno was laid waste in {{YT|1099}}, in [[Siege of Utumno|the war]] that the Valar began against Melkor for the [[War for the Sake of the Elves|sake of the Elves]]. The [[Valar]] attacked Udûn in full force, and destroyed it utterly, carrying its master back to Valinor as their prisoner. Melkor was chained and dragged as a captive to [[Valinor]].<ref name="Captivity"/>

Melkor had established a second and lesser fortress at the western end of the [[Iron Mountains|Ered Engrin]] to act as the first line of defence for Utumno from Aman.<ref name="Captivity"/> This became [[Angband]], which was at first held by [[Sauron]]. After the destruction of Utumno, Melkor chose to rebuild and fortify Angband as his lair.

==Etymology==
The name ''Utumno'' (pron. {{IPA|[uˈtumno]}}), contains the stem ''Utumnu-''. An older version of the name, ''Utumna'', is said to derive from ''Tumna'' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "low-lying, low, profound, deep").<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}</ref>{{rp|269, 271}}

The name ''Udûn'' is [[Sindarin]], meaning "dark pit, Underworld"<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 297</ref> or "hell"<ref>{{HM|LRI}}</ref>.

In the ''Annals of Aman'', Tolkien wrote: "'Utupnŭ √TUP cover over; hide'" and "'that stronghold was ever after called Utumno the Deep-hidden.'" In Etymologies (V.394) with the stem TUB, the original form of the name is given as ''Utubnu''.<ref name="P2a"/>

'''Udûn''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈuduːːn]}}) was the less commonly used [[Sindarin]] name of [[Utumno]]. In ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', this name appears just once, in [[Gandalf]]'s words to [[Durin's Bane]].<ref>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

It survived, though, as a name for [[Udûn (valley)|the northern valley]] of [[Mordor]] that lay behind the [[Morannon]]. Undoubtedly, [[Sauron]] chose this name in memory of his ancient master's greatest stronghold.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] was not entirely consistent with the location of Utumno, but it was always located within the northern Middle-earth, in or behind the Iron Mountains.

As noted from one of Tolkien's earlier sketch maps about Utumno from the [[Ambarkanta]], Utumno was previously spelled as "Utumna" and was north of the Iron Mountains, towards the western end of the mountain chain.<ref>{{SM|4}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Utumno]]
[[fi:Utumno]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/utumno]]

Nirnaeth Arnoediad

2017-09-04T18:13:00Z

Gaelhelemar: Spacing

{{battle
| name=''Nirnaeth Arnoediad''
| image=[[File:Abe Papakhian - Day Shall Come Again.jpg|300px]]
| conflict=[[The War of the Jewels|War of the Jewels]] (Fifth Battle of the [[Wars of Beleriand]])
| date={{FA|472}}
| place=[[Anfauglith]]
| result=Decisive victory for Morgoth, partly due to [[Treachery of Men|treachery]]: depopulation of [[Hithlum]] with replacement by [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]], occupation of much of [[Beleriand]]
| side1=The [[Union of Maedhros]], consisting of an alliance of the [[Noldor]], [[Edain]], [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]], and [[Dwarves]]
| side2=Creatures of Morgoth, [[Glaurung]], [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], [[Easterlings]]
| commanders1=
{{Maedhros blazon}}
{{Fingon blazon|died}}
[[File:Måns Björkman - Turgon device.gif|30px|left]][[Turgon]]{{clear}}
* [[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]]
* [[Huor]] †
* [[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]] †
* [[Azaghâl|Azaghâl of Belegost]] †
* [[Bór]] †
| commanders2={{Morgoth blazon}}
* [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]]
* [[Glaurung]]
* [[Ulfang the Black]] †
* [[Uldor]] †
| forces1=Noldor and [[Edain]] warriors of [[Dor-lómin]], 10,000 [[Gondolindrim]] under Turgon<ref name="NA">{{S|Fifth}}</ref>, a company of Elves from [[Nargothrond]], company of the [[people of Haleth]] from [[Brethil]], Dwarves of Belegost, Easterlings from the House of Bór
| forces2=Multiple hosts consisting of [[Balrogs]], [[Orcs]], and [[trolls]]; supplemented by turncoat [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]]
| casual1=Huge and crippling to the Noldor, Men of Dor-lómin wiped out except Húrin, thousands of captives
| casual2=Moderate
}}The '''Nirnaeth Arnoediad''' or '''Battle of Unnumbered Tears''' was the disastrous Fifth Battle in the [[Wars of Beleriand]]. Its name was taken from the first words of the [[Doom of Mandos]]: "Tears unnumbered ye shall shed..."

== Background ==
{{main|Union of Maedhros}}
In the almost two decades since their defeat in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], the Noldor had lost control over the entire north of Beleriand, and were for the most part reduced to refugees dwelling in [[Hithlum]] and [[Nargothrond]]. [[Gondolin]] was shut up and unknown.

In the year {{FA|473}}, [[Maedhros]] decided that taking the offense against [[Angband]] might help the [[Noldor]] regain their former lands.

=== Opposing Forces and Strategy ===

Under the [[Union of Maedhros]] all the [[Elves]] of Beleriand, as well as the [[Edain]], [[Dwarves]], and the newly arrived [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]] were invited to combine in arms and fight Morgoth. The Union first cleared Beleriand and Dorthonion of Orcs, and then gathered to assault [[Thangorodrim]].

The plan was for Maedhros's host in the east to assault and draw out the army of Angband, after which Fingon's host would attack from the [[Ered Wethrin]], taking the offensive in the west, crushing Morgoth's forces between them.

Under [[Maedhros]] in the east were gathered the remainder of the [[sons of Fëanor]], the Elves and Men of [[Himring]] under Maedhros and [[Bór]], and the men of Amon Ereb under [[Caranthir]] and [[Ulfang]].

Under [[Fingon]] in the west were gathered the Elves and Men of [[Hithlum]], the Elves of the [[Falas]], the [[Haladin]] of Brethil and the companies sent from [[Nargothrond]] and the two elves of [[Doriath]], [[Beleg]] and [[Mablung]].

Because of the evil deeds of [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]], two of Maedhros's brothers, Nargothrond would send only a small company of Elves under [[Gwindor]]. From Doriath, where [[Thingol]] had sworn never to fight beside any son of Fëanor, came only [[Mablung]] and [[Beleg]], who did not wish to remain behind. However, [[Turgon]] unexpectedly came forth with over ten thousand Elves from [[Gondolin]], doubling the force of the west.

== The Battle ==
[[File:Alan Lee - The Battle of Unnumbered Tears.jpg|left|thumb|[[Alan Lee]] - ''The Battle of Unnumbered Tears'']]
But Morgoth through his spies had learned of the battle plan, and his spy [[Ulfang]], who betrayed the Noldor, delayed [[Maedhros]]' attack. A small host of Orcs sallied forth from [[Angband]] to provoke the Western host to attack. Within sight of the [[Ered Wethrin]], Gwindor's brother Gelmir, captured during the Dagor Bragollach, was brought forth, and brutally slain. Enraged, [[Gwindor]] broke ranks and charged along with his men. From their hidden positions in the eastern hills, Fingon's forces suddenly charged along with them. The Orc host was taken by surprise and swiftly defeated, and the sudden charge of Fingon's army nearly foiled Morgoth's plans; the forces of Gwindor and Fingon pushed forth, reaching Angband itself.

Morgoth shook upon this throne as Gwindor's company pounded at his gates above. They burst through, and slew the guards on the steps of Angband itself, though Morgoth had trapped them. They were then ambushed with hidden forces set about Angband; all of Gwindor's company was slain and Gwindor himself was captured. From clandestine gates around Angband thousands of Orcs erupted suddenly, repulsing the host of Fingon from the walls. The Elven army was driven back in great slaughter, and many [[Haladin]] fell fighting in the rearguard.
[[File:Joona Kujanen - The Fall of Azaghal.jpg|thumb|left|Joona Kujanen - The Fall of Azaghâl]]
[[Turgon]], who had withheld his host from the reckless charge, now came upon the Orc host. The phalanx of Turgon broke through the Angband lines, and met with the guard of Fingon.

Finally Maedhros arrived, but before he could make junction with Fingon and Turgon, [[Glaurung]] the dragon and [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]] lord of [[Balrogs|Balrog]]s intercepted him. Union forces could yet have prevailed, but [[Uldor]], son of Ulfang and a traitor, turned ranks and attacked Maedhros in the rear, while more of his kin came down from the mountains and attacked from the east. [[Maglor]] slew Uldor in single combat, but could not turn the tide of the battle. Under assault from three sides, the eastern host was scattered, and only the valour of the [[Dwarves]] of [[Belegost]] helped them escape, as their lord [[Azaghâl]] and his forces held off Glaurung, allowing the [[sons of Fëanor]] to escape into Ossiriand.

[[Azaghâl]] and his army fought with fierce iron masks on, and they were able to resist the fire far better than any Elf or Man. Then Glaurung trampled Azaghâl beneath his feet, but Azaghâl ran a dagger through Glaurung's stomach, and the dragon fled in pain. Many of Morgoth's forces retreated with him. In a solemn ceremony the Dwarves picked up their fallen leader, abandoning the battle, and marched him home in a great procession. Their wrath was so great that none troubled them.

All this had not helped the western host, who were attacked by many Orcs under Gothmog. Gothmog cut a path to Fingon and fought him in single combat. Fingon fell under his might, and [[Húrin]] begged Turgon to retreat back to Gondolin. [[Huor]] and Húrin and the remaining [[Men of Dor-lómin]] formed a living wall across the [[Fen of Serech]], buying time for Turgon to escape with most of the surviving Elves of the north. Acting as a rearguard, these Men were almost all slain – Huor fell when his eye was pierced by a poisoned arrow. His brother Húrin fought ferociously to buy his allies time to escape, fighting until his axe withered away. Morgoth had ordered him to be taken alive, however; he killed no fewer than seventy Orcs and Trolls before he became pinned under their corpses, and was later taken prisoner by Gothmog.

=== Aftermath and Repercussions ===

[[Image:Jenny Dolfen - Nirnaeth Arnoediad - Unnumbered Tears.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jenny Dolfen]] - ''Nirnaeth Arnoediad - Unnumbered Tears'']]
Morgoth's victory was near complete, as he had destroyed all the people of Hithlum and had scattered the sons of Fëanor away from Himring. Morgoth's Orcs razed all of [[Beleriand]] except for [[Doriath]], which was still protected by the Girdle of [[Melian]], and sacked the havens of the [[Falas]].
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Hill of Slain.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Hill of Slain'']]
Morgoth betrayed his servants the [[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterlings]], shutting them in [[Hithlum]] under penalty of death, and denied to them the fertile lands of [[Beleriand]]. Morgoth's destruction was not entirely complete, however, for Turgon, now High King of the Ñoldor after the death of Fingon, had evaded capture, and his city Gondolin was still unknown to Morgoth. While the Union's attack inflicted fairly heavy losses on Morgoth's forces, this was largely irrelevant compared to how utterly Morgoth had broken the power of so many of his enemies in the battle. His armies would take time to regain their former strength, however, and thus he remained dormant once more for some time, seeking out the hidden city of Gondolin and the last bastion of his enemies. Gwindor himself was one of few prominent survivors of the battle, and was enslaved in Morgoth's mines for fourteen years before finally escaping. He returned and warned the [[King of Nargothrond]] that [[Ulmo]] had advised against fighting open war with Morgoth; the King did not heed his advice, however, and at the [[Battle of Tumhalad]], followed by the [[Sack of Nargothrond]], the Elves there were completely eradicated.

The Ñoldor ultimately recovered from the battle, but remained hidden within Gondolin away from Morgoth's wrath, where they stayed clandestine and defensively rebuilt their forces. It wasn't until some 38 years after Nirnaeth Arnoediad that Morgoth obtained the location of Gondolin, and [[Fall of Gondolin|besieged it]] in order to finalize his annihilation of the Ñoldor and to cement his domination of Middle-earth.

Morgoth had personally laid waste to Ard-galen, turning it into a dust-choked wasteland of fire and poisonous gas, known from then on as [[Anfauglith]]. It was here that many Elves and Men were slain and thrown into great piles on a hill in the midst of the desolate landscape; referred to as the [[Hill of Slain]] by the Elves, grass grew on that hill long after the battle but nowhere else in Anfauglith.

==Etymology==
''Nirnaeth ''(or ''Nírnaeth'')'' Arnoediad ''(or ''Arnediad'') is [[Sindarin]] for "Tears Uncountable".<ref>{{WJ|Index}}</ref><ref>{{S|Index}}</ref>

Note that the "oe" of "Arnoediad" is not the Sindarin diphthong "oe", but rather the single [[i-affection|umlaut]] vowel "œ", better represented with a digraph.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Nirnaeth Arnoediad|Images of Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]

{{warsofbeleriand}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the First Age]]
[[de:Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]
[[fr:encyclo/evenements/1a/guerres/nirnaeth_arnoediad]]
[[fi:Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]

Bigature

2017-09-01T16:51:58Z

Gaelhelemar: Fixing redlink

#REDIRECT [[Bigatures]]

Priscilla Tolkien

2017-08-31T18:14:53Z

Gaelhelemar:

{{expansion}}[[File:Priscilla Tolkien.jpg|thumb|Priscilla in [[2005]]]]
<center>{{quote|So please forgive me, dear Priscilla, If I pretend you rhyme with pillow!|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[Letters from Father Christmas]]''}}</center>

'''Priscilla Mary Anne Reuel Tolkien''' ([[18 June|June 18]], [[1929]]) is [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s only daughter, the sister of [[Christopher Tolkien]], [[Michael Tolkien]], and [[John Tolkien]]. Before retiring she was a social worker.

Priscilla Tolkien is Honorary Vice-President of [[The Tolkien Society]] since [[1986]] and for many years was a host to members of the Society at [[Oxonmoot]].

==Bibliography==
===Books===
*[[1992]]: ''[[The Tolkien Family Album]]'' (with [[John Tolkien]])
===Articles===
*[[1976]]: [[Amon Hen 23|''Amon Hen'' 23]] (December)
**"My Father the Artist"
*[[1976]]: ''Over 21'', December
**"Priscilla Tolkien Talks to Shirley Lowe" (p. 32)
*[[1977]]: [[Amon Hen 29|''Amon Hen'' 29]] ([?]November)
**"Talk Given at the Church House Westminster on 16.9.77 by Priscilla Tolkien" (pp. 4-6)
*[[1978]]: [[Mallorn 12|''Mallorn'' 12]]
**"The Biography"
*[[1992]]: ''A Tribute to J.R.R. Tolkien, 3 January 1892-2 September 1973: Centenary''. Ed. Rosemary Gray. Pretoria: Unisa Medieval Association.
**Foreword (pp. vii-x)
*[[1992]]: ''The Brown Book'' (December)
**"Memories of J.R.R. Tolkien in His Centenary Year" (pp. 12-14)
*[[1992]]: ''Oxford Today'' 5, no.1 (Michaelmas)
**"News from the North Pole" (pp. 8-9)
*[[1993]]: ''Angerthas'' 34 (July)
**"J.R.R. Tolkien and Edith Tolkien's Stay in Staffordshire 1916, 1917 and 1918" (pp. 4-5)
*[[2004]]: ''PN Review'' 31, no.1 (September-October)
**"Beginnings and Endings" (pp. 9-10)
*[[2012]]: ''[[The Saga of Hrolf Kraki]]''
**Foreword
*[[2015]]: tolkienestate.com
**[http://www.tolkienestate.com/en/writing/other-tales-and-poetry/leaf-by-niggle.html Leaf, by Niggle]

==Filmography==
* [[Secrets of Middle-Earth: Inside Tolkien's Lord of the Rings]] ([[2003]])
* [[J.R.R.T.: A Film Portrait of J.R.R. Tolkien]] ([[1996]])
* [[Tolkien Remembered]] ([[1992]])

==Reminiscence==

{{blockquote|Priscilla Tolkien, speaking at this year's Oxonmoot, said that the publishing of "Mr Bliss" was a pleasure for her as it brought back memories of having listened to its reading as a child|Joseph Houghton, "First Impressions of Mr Bliss" in [[Amon Hen 59]] (December 1982)}}

==Family Tree==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | EDB |y| JRR | | | | | | | | | | | |JRR=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]|EDB=[[Edith Tolkien|Edith Bratt]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| JOT | | MIT | | FAI |y|CHT |y| BAT | | PRT |JOT=[[John Tolkien]]|MIT=[[Michael Tolkien (b. 1920)|Michael Tolkien]]|CHT=[[Christopher Tolkien]]|FAI=[[Faith Tolkien|Faith Faulconbridge]]|BAT=[[Baillie Tolkien]]|PRT=[[Priscilla Tolkien]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | |,|-|-|'| |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | SIT | | | ADT | | RAT |SIT=[[Simon Tolkien]]|ADT=[[Adam Tolkien]]|RAT=[[Rachel Tolkien]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
==External links==
*[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/blog/2015/01/a-message-from-priscilla-tolkien-to-brazilian-fans/ A message from Priscilla Tolkien to Brazilian fans]
*[http://www.patheos.com/blogs/standingonmyhead/2013/10/my-conversation-with-tolkiens-daughter.html My Conversation with Tolkien's Daughter]
*[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9691966/JRR-Tolkiens-daughter-sues-producers-of-The-Hobbit.html JRR Tolkien's daughter sues producers of The Hobbit]
*[http://tolkienbrasil.com/artigos/colunas/eduardostark/vida-de-priscilla-tolkien-parte-1/ A vida de Priscilla Tolkien (the Life of Priscilla Tolkien) Part 1]
*[http://tolkienbrasil.com/artigos/colunas/eduardostark/vida-de-priscilla-tolkien-parte-2/ A vida de Priscilla Tolkien (the Life of Priscilla Tolkien) Part 2]
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0866059/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1 IMDB profile]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolkien, Priscilla}}
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Letter receivers]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:Tolkien Family]]
[[Category:Tolkien Society members]]
[[de:Priscilla Tolkien]]
[[fr:tolkien/portraits/priscilla_mary_anne_reuel_tolkien]]
[[fi:Priscilla Tolkien]]

User:Gaelhelemar

2017-08-19T04:16:54Z

Gaelhelemar: Created page with "Howdy and welcome to my user page. I am Gaelhelemar, and I've been reading Tolkien since I was little. I have the ''[http://www.ebay.com/itm/like/263068735650?chn=ps&dispItem=1..."

Howdy and welcome to my user page. I am Gaelhelemar, and I've been reading Tolkien since I was little.

I have the ''[http://www.ebay.com/itm/like/263068735650?chn=ps&dispItem=1 Lord of the Rings Tolkien HMCO 1960's Collectors Edition Red HC Slipcover/Map]'', from my grandfather, and ''[http://www.tednasmith.com/site-map/j-r-r-tolkien/the-silmarillion/ The Silmarillion]'' illustrated by Ted Nasmith from 2015.

There's little I can offer here except minor edits.