Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

War of the Ring

2009-12-23T21:51:45Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{disambig-more|War of the Ring|[[War of the Ring (disambiguation)]]}}{{sources}}
{{expansion}}

{{War
| previous= [[Corsair Wars]]
| next=Unknown
| name=War of the Ring
| image=[[Image:Third Age.gif|250px]]
| begin=[[Third Age 3018|T.A. 3018]] (earlier fighting in Gondor)
| end=[[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]]
|place=Northwestern [[Middle-earth]]
|result=Free Peoples' victory; destruction of the [[One Ring]], [[Sauron]] and [[Mordor]]; start of the [[Fourth Age]]; [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] reunited under restoration of the [[King of Gondor]]
| battles=[[Battles of the Fords of Isen]], [[Battle of Isengard]], [[Battle of the Hornburg]], [[Battle of Osgiliath]], [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], [[Battle of the Morannon]], [[Battle Under Trees]]
|side1='''Free Peoples of Middle-earth:''' [[Gondor]], [[Rohan]], [[Dale]], [[Esgaroth]], [[Erebor]], [[The Shire]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Woodland Realm]]
|side2='''Under [[Sauron]]:''' [[Mordor]], [[Rhûn]], [[Harad]], [[Haven of Umbar]], and [[Khand]]<br><br>'''Under [[Saruman]]:''' [[Isengard]] and [[Dunland]]
|commanders1=
[[Image:Aragorn_device.jpg|45px|left]] [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]]{{clear}}
[[Image:Aragorn_device.jpg|45px|left]] [[Denethor II|Denethor]] †{{clear}}
* [[Gandalf]] † (but resurrected)
[[Image:ME-Rohan.png|45px|left]] [[Théoden]] †{{clear}}
[[Image:ME-Rohan.png|45px|left]] [[Éomer]]{{clear}}
[[Image:ME-DolAmroth.png|45px|left]] [[Imrahil]]{{clear}}
* [[Dáin II Ironfoot|Dáin Ironfoot]] †
* [[Brand]] †
* [[Thranduil]]
* [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]]
|commanders2=
{{Sauron blazon|died}}{{clear}}
[[Image:Saruman_device.gif|45px|left]] [[Saruman]] †{{clear}}
* [[Witch-King of Angmar|The Witch-King of Angmar]] †
|}}
{{quote|In the end, this war must be ended by the smallest of things.|[[Gandalf]]<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)]]'', "Helm's Deep"</ref>}}

The '''War of the Ring''' was the great conflict at the end of the [[Third Age]], named for the [[One Ring]] and the importance this had in the final outcome. The war was fought between the Free Peoples (a loose alliance of [[Elves]] and [[Men]] led by the Wise) and [[Sauron]] the [[Dark Lord]] of Mordor, with [[Saruman]] as a third power based in [[Orthanc]]. Sauron had been defeated in the [[War of the Last Alliance]], but because of Isildur's refusal to destroy the [[One Ring]], he was not entirely vanquished. He survived in spirit form, and the foundations of Barad-dûr were also not destroyed. While Sauron's spirit wandered the wastelands of Middle-earth for over 1000 years, eventually he rebuilt his power and became a threat once again.

==History==
=== Prelude ===
Years before the War, while Sauron was known as the "[[Necromancer]]" and abode in [[Dol Guldur]], [[Gandalf]] knew that should Sauron return, he would use the power of [[Smaug]], the last [[dragon]], who dwelt in [[Erebor]]. Gandalf persuaded [[Thorin Oakenshield]] that he should reclaim Erebor for his people. With the assistance of [[Bilbo Baggins]], Erebor was retaken and Smaug was finally killed by [[Bard]]. Most importantly, fate brought the [[One Ring]] into Bilbo's hands.

=== The Opening Stages ===
Saruman had claimed alliance with both the Wise and the Dark Lord, but was ultimately fighting for his own ends. In alliance with the [[Dunlendings]], and having Orcs at his own command, his objective was the defeat of [[Rohan]]. Until late in the War, he held the advantage, defeating Rohan twice at the [[Battles of the Fords of Isen]] which are considered the beginning of the War.
[[Image:Darrell Sweet - The Fleet of Harad.jpg|left|thumb|''The Fleet of Harad'' by Darrell Sweet]]
Sauron at all times held the military advantage in the War, due to his overwhelming forces; not only [[Orcs]] and [[Trolls]], but [[Men of Harad]] and the [[East]]. His main immediate object was the overthrow of [[Gondor]], his near neighbour and the strongest of his enemies. He had such forces at his command, though, that he was able to fight the war on many fronts, also attacking [[Dale]], [[Erebor]] and the [[Wood-elves]] in the far north, and [[Lórien]] from his secondary stronghold at [[Dol Guldur]]. There can be no doubt that, had the Wise not achieved possession of the Ring, Sauron would ultimately have been victorious.

The policy of the Wise was based around the [[Quest of Mount Doom]]; a company of nine under the leadership of [[Gandalf]] travelled from [[Rivendell]] with the [[One Ring]], with the hope of reaching [[Orodruin]] in [[Mordor]] and there destroying it. Because the Ring held much of Sauron's native power, they realised that in unmaking it, they would also defeat its creator.

Aragorn, after enlisting the help of [[Army of the Dead]], attacked the Corsair fleet at Umbar, an assault he had also carried out decades earlier, during the [[Surprise Attack on Umbar]].

The War did not end with the defeat of Sauron, for Saruman fled northward after the capture of Orthanc, and established himself in the Shire, bending the Hobbits to his will by threat of violence and the persuasive power of his voice. The return of Frodo Baggins and his companions led to a rebellion by the [[Shire-hobbits]], in which Saruman was killed by his servant, [[Gríma Wormtongue]].

===Battles in Detail===
==[[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]]==
[[February 25]], [[Third Age 3019]] Rohirrim vs. Isengard D:Théodred V:Saruman
Beginning the first official battle during the War, Saruman, who was already ensnared by Sauron, sent his forces to attack the Rohirrim army at the [[Isen River]]. Within the ranks of the Rohirrim were the commanders [[Théodred]], [[Grimbold]], and [[Elfhelm]]. Seeking to control Theoden, Sauruman ordered his soldiers to slay Théodred at any cost. With Saruman's assistance, Théodred was surrounded and killed. Saruman's forces then retreated as the victors.
==[[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen]]==
[[March 2]], [[Third Age 3019]] Rohirrim vs. Isengard D:Erkenbrand V: Saruman
After hearing news about Théodred's death, [[Erkenbrand]], who became the commander of Rohan's western armies, gathered the forces of Grimbold and Elfhelm to assault the River Isen once more. Though they had a force of about two thousand men and had constructed a shield wall to hold off the enemy, Saruman's forces overcame them and scattered the retreating Rohirrim across Rohan. The riders then regrouped at [[Helm's Deep]], a fortress built along the mountainside.
==[[Battle of the Hornburg]]/[[Battle of Helm's Deep]]==
[[March 3]] and [[March 4]] Army of Rohan + Rangers vs. Isengard D:Saruman V:Théoden
Consolidating his people to keep them from harm, King Théoden brought about a thousand calvary men to Helm's Deep along with any others in [[Edoras]]. Among this force was [[Éomer]], Théoden's nephew, [[Aragorn]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], and [[Arwen]]. While the ones not able to fight took refuge in the [[Glittering Caves| caves]] in the mountain, anyone who was able to fight participated in the defense of the fortress. The army at the Hornburg were met by a small force of Rangers, who also aided in the defense. During the night, Saruman's great army, about ten thousand strong, assaulted the fortress. They raised many ladders and destroyed a portion of the wall to infiltrate the defences. At the last moment, Théoden and his riders charged out into the opposing force and Erkenbrand's forces, headed by [[Gandalf]], attacked from the rear, forcing the enemy into the forest where they were destroyed.

=== Aftermath ===
Although Sauron and Saruman were both defeated, the Wise did not achieve total victory. With the destruction of the One Ring, the [[Three Rings]] that had maintained the realms of the Elves in Middle-earth lost their power, and the Elves began to leave Middle-earth for the [[Undying Lands]].

==Combatants==

===Sauron and his Allies===

*[[Mordor]]
**[[Sauron]] †
**[[Mouth of Sauron]]
**[[Nazgûl]] †
*[[Orthanc]]
**[[Saruman]] †
**[[Gríma Wormtongue]] †
*[[Harad]]
**[[Black Serpent]] †
*[[Rhûn]]
*[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]

===Free Peoples of Middle-earth===

*[[Gondor]]
**[[Dol Amroth]]
***[[Imrahil]]
**[[Lebennin]]
**[[Lossarnach]]
***[[Forlong]] the Fat †
**[[Ringló Vale]]
***[[Dervorin]] †
**[[Morthond]]
***[[Duinhir]]
***[[Duilin of Blackroot Vale|Duilin]] †
***[[Derufin]] †
**[[Anfalas]]
***[[Golasgil]]
**[[Lamedon]]
***[[Angbor the Fearless]]
**Shipmen of [[Ethir Anduin]]
**[[Pinnath Gelin]]
***[[Hirluin]] the Fair †
**[[White Mountains]]
***[[Dead Men]]
**[[Minas Tirith]]
***[[Denethor II]] †
***[[Boromir son of Denethor II|Boromir]] †
***[[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]]
***[[Húrin the Tall]]
*[[Rohan]]
**[[Théoden]] †
**[[Théodred]] †
**[[Éomer]]
**[[Erkenbrand]]
**[[Elfhelm]]
**[[Grimbold]] †
*[[Mirkwood]]
**[[Thranduil]]
**[[Legolas of Mirkwood|Legolas]]
*[[Lothlórien]]
**[[Celeborn (Lord of Lórien)|Celeborn]]
**[[Galadriel]]
*The [[Shire]] and [[Bree-land]]
**[[Hobbiton]]
***[[Frodo Baggins]]
***[[Sam Gamgee]]
**[[Tookland]]
***[[Peregrin Took]]
**[[Buckland]] and [[Bree]]
***[[Meriadoc Brandybuck]]
***[[Aragorn II]]
*[[Fangorn Forest]]
**[[Treebeard]]
**[[Quickbeam]]
*[[Istari]]
**[[Gandalf]]
*[[Erebor]] and the Lands of the North
**The [[Lonely Mountain]]
***[[Gimli]]
***[[Dain II Ironfoot]] †
***[[Thorin III Stonehelm]]
**The [[Kingdom of Dale]]
***[[Brand]] †
***[[Bard II]]
* Possibly the [[Iron Hills]]

==Non-combatants==

*[[Elvendom]]
**[[Rivendell]]
***[[Elrond]]
***[[Glorfindel]]
**[[Grey Havens]]
***[[Círdan]]
***[[Galdor of the Havens]]
*[[Istari]]
**[[Radagast]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]

User:Galdor of the Havens

2009-12-23T20:36:29Z

Galdor of the Havens:

I am an avid fan of Tolkien's work, especially Lord of the Rings, that is all I will say. My brother's article is Galdor of the Trees.
{{User lore-2}}
<div style="float: left; border: solid darkgreen 1px; margin: 1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width: 238px; color: black; background: lightgreen"
| style="width: 45px; height: 45px; background: green; text-align: center; font-size: 14pt" | '''Ent'''
| style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em" | This user believes the '''[[Entwives]] are not lost.'''
|}</div>
<div style="float: left; border:solid {{{1|#000000}}} 1px; margin: 1px;">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width: 238px; background: {{{2|red}}};"
| style="width: 45px; height: 45px; background: {{{1|#000000}}}; text-align: center; font-size: {{{5|13}}}pt; color: {{{id-fc|gold}}};" | {{{3|[[Image:Olanda Fong-Surdenas - The Balrog of Moria.jpg|30px]]}}}
| style="font-size: {{{info-s|8}}}pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: {{{info-fc|black}}};" | {{{4|This user believes '''[[Balrogs]] have wings'''.}}}
|}</div>
<div style="float: left; border: solid brown 1px; margin: 1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width: 238px; color: black; background: none"
| style="width: 45px; height: 45px; background: brown; text-align: center; font-size: 14pt" | [[Image:WAR-ICONS elves.jpg|45px]]
| style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em" | This user supports [[Elves]].
<includeonly>

[[Category:Users who support Elves|{{PAGENAME}}]]
</includeonly>
|}</div>

If you are not farmiliar with the name, Galdor of the Havens was present at the Council of Elrond representing Círdan the Shipwright and the elves of Mithlond. Though it is doubted by some, I believe Galdor of the Havens to also be Galdor of the Trees. Galdor of the trees was leader of the House of the Trees in Gondolin and was known to be the second bravest Elf in Gondolin save King Turgon, the original weilder of Glamdring. He was most dangerous wielding a club or a spear (and, for practical purposes during the Fall of Gondolin, a bow). Galdor escaped the Fall of Gondolin with Tour and Indril as one of the few surviving lords of the houses. He later left Beriland for Valinor. Yet, what if he was sent back? Like Glorfindel of Rivendell, Galdor of the Havens may have been one of the few to actually make the journy from Aman to Middle Earth. He may have had a mission from the Valar to help in those troubled times. He could have been sent to help ferry the Elves from the dangers of Middle Earth, or to be present during the Council of Elrond. The fact that he was even sent to represent Mithlond during the council shows that he may be more powerful then we credit to him. He may have made the trip across the sea many times, seeing that he is one of the relatively few Mithlond Elves. During these trips, he may have transported elves and tidings to Valinor and information and gifts back. That is my opinion on the matter.

[[Image:Alessandro Maccari - Mithlond.jpg|250px]]

Tinw

2009-12-23T20:35:34Z

Galdor of the Havens:

''See also "[[tinnu]]"''

'''''tinu''''' is a [[Sindarin]] word meaning ''spark'' or ''small [[star]]''.

==Synonyms==
* ''[[êl]]''
* ''[[gîl]]''

==Examples==
*[[Tindómiel]] - "Morning Star"

[[Category:Sindarin words]]

Gíl

2009-12-23T20:29:49Z

Galdor of the Havens:

'''''gîl''''' or '''''geil''''' means "star" in [[Sindarin]].

===Synonyms===
* ''[[tinu]]''
* ''[[êl]]''

==Examples==
* [[Gil-galad]] = "Star of Radiance"
* [[Gilraen]] = "Star-lace"

== References ==
* ''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' by [[Ruth S. Noel]]
* [http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html Hiswelókë's Sindarin Dictionary] compiled by [[Didier Willis]]

[[Category:Sindarin words]]

Êl

2009-12-23T20:28:19Z

Galdor of the Havens:

'''''êl''''' is a [[Sindarin]] word meaning ''[[star]]''. It is archaic and poetic, only recorded to being used except in verses.

===Synonyms===
* ''[[gîl]]''
* ''[[tinu]]''

==Examples==
*[[Star of Elendil|Star of ''El''endil]] or [[Elendilmir|''El''endinmir]]
*"[[Aiya]] [[Eärendil]] [[Elenion]] [[Ancalima]]!" - "Hail Eärendil, brightest of stars!

==References==
* ''[[Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary]] (Edition 1.6, Lexicon 0.993)''
*↑ ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[The Lord of the Rings]], [[The Two Towers]], "[[Shelob's Lair]]"''

[[Category:Sindarin words]]

Forums:Tom Bombadil, Man or Maia?

2009-12-23T20:14:43Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


I have read numerous articles about Tom Bombadil and who exactly he is. But there are SO many different opinions, I still can't figure it out. I am a Tolkien fan under 20, and would really like a good strong opinion using facts to help me figure out who he really is. Below are some opinions i have heard:

1. Tom Bombadil is a "retired" Maia.

2. Tom Bombadil is just a crazy man.

3. Tom Bombadil was a fictional character from bedtime stories that Tolkien would make up for his children. Then he was later added to LoTR for no reason, just as an enigma.

Please help me out here. Thanks.

:Well, young fan. First off, our article on ol' Tom is a wreck - I'm planning to rewrite that. As for the opinions - #3 is the right one. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 03:21, 19 July 2008 (EDT)

:He's not a Maia or indeed a Vala because he says he was in Middle Earth before even Melkor. Obviously he's not a man, for a start he's immune to the ring's effects (which since Gandalf and Saruman aren't would be another reason he's not a Maia) and he's many thousands of years too old. Number 3 is correct, but that doesn't mean he can't be placed in Middle earth's cosmology. The way I see it, since we can't fit him in to any other categories and because of his unequivocal claim to being "Oldest" he is an integral part of the Music of the Ainur; a natural force of Middle earth, a [[hröa]] without a [[fëa]]. --[[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]] 13:42, 7 August 2008 (EDT)
::Can't agree more. It's exactly my opinion about Tom since years. Nice going, Aule. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 17:27, 7 August 2008 (EDT)
::::Yes, I also agree with Aule. Tom Bombadil could be part of the Music of the Ainur. He could be made with Arda at the beginning of Time. However I'm not completely sure, because the assumption don't clarify why Tom, made together with Arda, is free to the Ring's evil effects, whilst the Ainur (like the Maiar) made by Ilúvatar before the Creation are not free. We can't forget that Arda is not immune from the evil effects of Morgoth's (and Sauron's) power. So the supposition that Tom Bombadil is part of the Middle-Earth and at the same time immune from the Ring's power could be a little paradox. [[User:Finrod Felagund|Finrod Felagund]] 13:09, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

:::Could it possibly be that Tom B. is an avatar of Illúvatar? I have seen this tossed around by a few Tolkien scholars. In many forms of myth, some avatars of greater gods are not even aware that this is what they are. Japanese Myth for instance is replete with characters who are the avatars of great spirits who have no idea that this is their origin. Joseph Campbell talks about this in relation to primitive societies where the avatars must live among mankind in order to understand their suffering before they are allowed to enter into "Heaven" to take their place among the motive forces of the universe.

:::Maybe this is what Tom B. is. I am pretty sure that he would have been unaware of Campbell (due to Campbell not yet having written most of his works and just being a student of Jung at the time. Being such a creature would give him the insights into the world and a flighty short attention span.

:::Of course, it is just another theory, and it is far more likely that Tom is just an accident in the writing of ''The Lord of the Rings'' when he still had a vision of it as a more thorough children's story than ''The Hobbit''. As such, he is the mystery of the far off towers in the mist which hold the promise of adventure for some and peril for others.

:::[[User:Matthew|Matthew]] 17:21, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

:::::I reckon Tom is basicaly a god. I think that he's the creator of everything natural, hence his power over trees. As he is a 'god' he is not affected by age or the ring.
:::::--[[User:Pand.|Pand.]] 21:50, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

::::Another suggestion I have heard is that he is a personification of Middle-earth: the ring doesn't affect him because the Ring affects people and not the land itself. This also might help to explain Goldberry's connection with him as she comes from Middle-earth itself (the Withywindle).

::::But, ultimately, as Tolkien said in Letter 144, "''And even in a mythical age there must be some enigmas, as there always are. Tom Bombadil is one (intentionally).''" (In fact, Letter 144 is probably the most interesting and important with regards to Tolkien's thinking on Bombadil).

::::With regards to the article on Tom, I think we should just state all the relevant points of view, with evidence and leave it at that. --[[User:Mith|Mith]] 14:20, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

:::::I don't know what you think,but I believe that he is some form or avatar of Iluvatar himself stationed to watvh over Arda.{{unsigned|Beres}}

::::::This explanation - while attractively logical - is not consistent with Tolkien's intent. As a staunch Catholic, this couldn't be what he envisioned about Tom.[[User:ElfMaven|ElfMaven]] 02:23, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

:::::: My preferred solution to the enigma of Tom is that he is the author incarnate, the creator of the legendarium who has taken bodily form to enter and live inside his own creation. In other words, he is Tolkien himself. This interpretation is consistent with most of the textual references, and flows naturally from Tolkien's strong Christian beliefs. As the creator he is of course older than anything in his created world, and because he actually has an existence outside his creation in a wholly different dimension the powerful evils of Middle Earth do not hold sway over him. Finally, the author of a story generally tries to let his characters run their own lives and make their own decisions, rather then forcing them to act according to his own wishes. This explains why Bombadil chooses to live an isolated life, away from and unconcerned with all the important persons and events of Middle-earth, and can not be relied upon as the solution to the problem of the One Ring.{{unsigned|Faded Glory}}

Something I've heard is the possibility of Tom being the reader. This would explain how he can see Frodo and know that everything will turn out okay. He is the reader of the book put into the book. The ring doesn't affect the reader, nor can the reader affect the ring. Finally, the reader doesn't have any power in the world in the bok, explaining why Tom can't help them anymore.[[User:LotRfan01|LotRfan01]] 05:12, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

:I never really understood Bombadil, but I suppose he can represent the reader. My explanation is that he was the first Maia sent into the world, possibly to help build Alamaren or the Lamps. He may have been unassigned to any Ainur (or assigned to Melkor, then fled from him) and therefore not bound to any task. He may have found a love for the Shire, like Gandalf, and settled there early in the history of Arda. Choice No. 3 is also correct.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:34, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

::An interesting point is that, although he was created to be an enigma, since he was in the books there must be a logical explanation. Everything in the books must be explainable because the world has to make sense. [[User:LotRfan01|LotRfan01]] 05:29, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

Exactly! Although I do not believe any of his works to be in any way allogorical (and so does he, "It is neither allegorical nor topical....I cordially dislike allegory in all its manifestations, and always have done so since I grew old and wary enough to detect its presence." Wiki article on Allegory) I believe that he has based Tom on either himself or the reader. Yet it must be explained literally as well.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 20:14, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring

2009-12-23T20:06:51Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{disambig-two|the film by [[Peter Jackson]]|the unrelated video game by [[Vivendi]]|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[Image:FellowshipOfTheRing poster.jpg|250px]]
| name=The Fellowship of the Ring
| director=[[Peter Jackson]]
| producer=Peter Jackson<br>[[Barrie M. Osborne]]<br>[[Tim Sanders]]<br>[[Fran Walsh]]
| writer='''Novel:'''<br>[[J. R. R. Tolkien]]<br>'''Screenplay:'''<br>[[Frances Walsh]]<br>[[Philippa Boyens]]<br>Peter Jackson
| narrator=
| starring=
| music=[[Howard Shore]]
| cinematography=[[Andrew Lesnie]]
| editing=[[John Gilbert]]
| distributor=[[New Line Cinema]]
| released=December 19th, 2001
| runtime='''Theatrical:'''<br>178 min.<br>'''Extended Edition:'''<br>208 min.
| country=New Zealand & USA
| language=English
| budget= $94 million
| website=[http://www.lordoftherings.net Official website]
| imdb_id=0120737
}}
'''''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring''''' is a film, released on Wednesday, December 19, 2001, directed by [[Peter Jackson]] with a runtime of 178 minutes (2 hours, 58 minutes). It is the first part in the [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings| Lord of the Rings trilogy]] of films. The film retells the adventures of the [[Fellowship of the Ring|members of the "Fellowship of the Ring"]] that is contained in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', the first part of [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s epic fantasy ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. The final scene is actually taken from the first chapter of the second volume, ''[[The Two Towers]]''. The screenplay was written by [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] and [[Peter Jackson]]. It was produced as the first of three films based on the novel, filmed simultaneously on location in [[New Zealand]] with a budget of U.S. $180 million, the most in moviemaking history, with principal photography taking 14 months and postproduction continuing long after that. This adaptation was the most popular of all, winning many awards.

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Role !! Actor
|-
| [[Frodo Baggins]] || [[Elijah Wood]]
|-
| [[Gandalf|Gandalf the Grey]] || [[Ian McKellen]]
|-
| [[Aragorn]] (Strider) || [[Viggo Mortensen]]
|-
| [[Samwise Gamgee]] || [[Sean Astin]]
|-
| [[Galadriel]] || [[Cate Blanchett]]
|-
| [[Boromir]] || [[Sean Bean]]
|-
| [[Arwen Evenstar]] || [[Liv Tyler]]
|-
| [[Gimli]] son of [[Glóin]] || [[John Rhys-Davies]]
|-
| [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] (Merry) || [[Dominic Monaghan]]
|-
| [[Peregrin Took]] (Pippin) || [[Billy Boyd]]
|-
| [[Legolas Greenleaf|Legolas]] || [[Orlando Bloom]]
|-
| [[Saruman|Saruman the White]] || [[Christopher Lee]]
|-
| [[Elrond]] || [[Hugo Weaving]]
|-
| [[Bilbo Baggins]] || [[Ian Holm]]
|-
| [[Rose Cotton|Rosie Cotton]] || [[Sarah McLeod]]
|-
| [[Celeborn]] || [[Marton Csokas]]
|-
| [[Haldir of Lórien]] || [[Craig Parker]]
|-
|[[Lobelia Sackville-Baggins]] || [[Elizabeth Moody]]
|}

==Synopsis==
[[Sauron]], the dark lord, has awakened and threatens to conquer [[Middle-earth]]. To stop this ancient evil once and for all, Frodo Baggins must destroy the [[One Ring]] in the fires of [[Mount Doom]]. Men, [[Hobbits]], a [[Wizards|Wizard]], an [[Elves|Elf]] and a [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] form a fellowship to help him on his quest.

==Scenes==
# Prologue: One Ring to Rule Them All... **
# Concerning Hobbits *
# The Shire **
# Very Old Friends **
# A Long-expected Party **
# Farewell Dear Bilbo
# Keep It Secret, Keep It Safe
# The Account of Isildur
# At the Green Dragon *
# The Shadow of the Past
# The Passing of the Elves
# Saruman the White
# A Short Cut to Mushrooms
# Bucklebury Ferry
# At the Sign of The Prancing Pony
# The Nazgùl
# The Midgewater Marshes *
# The Spoiling of Isengard
# A Knife in the Dark
# The Caverns of Isengard
# Flight to the Ford **
# Rivendell
# Many Meetings
# The Fate of the Ring
# The Sword that Was Broken **
# The Evenstar
# The Council of Elrond **
# Gilraen's Memorial *
# Bilbo's Gifts
# The Departure of The Fellowship *
# The Ring Goes South **
# The Pass of Caradhras **
# Moria **
# A Journey in the Dark **
# Balin's Tomb **
# The Bridge of Khazad-dùm
# Lothlórien **
# Caras Galadhon **
# The Mirror of Galadriel **
# The Fighting Uruk-hai
# Farewell to Lórien **
# The Great River **
# Parth Galen
# The Breaking of the Fellowship **
# The Departure of Boromir
# The Road Goes Ever On...
# Credits
# Official Fan Club Credits

<nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes a scene only available in the Extended Edition cut of the film.<br />
<nowiki>**</nowiki> denotes a scene which includes extended content only available in the Extended Edition cut of the film.

==Special effects==
''The Fellowship of the Ring'' makes extensive use of digital, practical and makeup special effects throughout. One noticeable effect that appears in almost every scene involves setting a proper scale so that the characters are all the proper height. Elijah Wood, who plays Frodo, is 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) tall in real life; but the character of Frodo Baggins is barely four feet tall. Many different tricks were used to cast the hobbits (and Gimli the Dwarf) as diminutive. Large and small stunt doubles were used in certain scenes, while entire duplicates of certain sets (especially Bag End in Hobbiton) were built at two different scales, so that the characters would appear to be the appropriate size. At one point in the film Frodo runs along a corridor in Bag End, followed by Gandalf. Elijah Wood and Ian McKellen were filmed in separate versions of the same corridor, built at two different scales, and a fast camera pan conceals the edit between the two. Forced perspective was also employed, so that it would look as though the short hobbits were interacting with taller Men and Elves. Surprising the makers of the film, kneeling was used to great effect.

For the battle between the Last Alliance and the forces of Sauron that begins the film, an elaborate CGI animation system, called Massive, was developed that would allow thousands of individual animated "characters" in the program to act differently. This helped give the illusion of realism to the battle sequences.

==Filming locations==
A list of filming locations, sorted by appearance order in the movie:
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Fictional<br>Location
! Specific Location<br>in New Zealand
! General Area<br>in New Zealand
|-
|[[Hobbiton]] || Matamata || Waikato
|-
|Gardens of [[Isengard]]||Harcourt Park||Upper Hutt
|-
|[[The Shire]] woods||Otaki Gorge Road|| 
|-
|[[Bucklebury Ferry]]||Keeling Farm||Manukau
|-
|Forest near [[Bree]]||Takaka Hill||Nelson
|-
|[[Trollshaws]]||Waitarere Forest|| 
|-
|Ford of [[Bruinen]]||Arrowtown Recreational Reserve||Queenstown
|-
|[[Rivendell]]||Kaitoke Regional Park||Upper Hutt
|-
|[[Eregion]]||Mount Olympus||Nelson
|-
|[[Dimrill Dale]]||Lake Alta||The Remarkables
|-
|[[Dimrill Dale]]||Mount Owen||Nelson
|-
|[[Lothlórien]]||Lake Wakatipu||Queenstown
|-
|River [[Anduin]]||Rangitikei River|| 
|-
|River [[Anduin]]||Poet's Corner||Upper Hutt
|-
|[[Parth Galen]]||Paradise||Glenorchy
|-
|[[Amon Hen]]||Mavora Lakes||Milford Sound
|}

==Deviations from the source material==

A small but vocal minority of admirers of the original book raised some concerns when the film was released, complaining that the movie's screenplay made a number of changes to Tolkien's story. Many of these protests seemed to be rather minor concerns and were largely ignored by general movie going audiences. However, more than a few people expressed surprise when the movie's plot diverged from that of the book in what might be considered more fundamental ways.

* The Hobbits' adventures on the way from the Shire to Bree, which occupy over five chapters of the novel, were drastically cut, implying that the journey took place over a much shorter period of time. This material includes the Hobbits' interaction with [[Tom Bombadil]], who is completely absent from the film. The time the Hobbits spend in Bree itself is also significantly shortened, and their acquisition of the pony, Bill, is missing. Also missing is an entire subplot in which Frodo pretends to be moving back to his ancestral home in Buckland, with the help of his Hobbit friends (who, in the book, turn out to be Sam's co-conspirators and are introduced quite differently).

* [[Old Man Willow]] was transplanted to [[Fangorn Forest]] (in the extended version of ''[[Peter Jackson's The Two Towers|The Two Towers]]'').

* [[Arwen Evenstar]] has a far greater role; and her replacement of the character of [[Glorfindel]] from the novel raised the ire of many dedicated Tolkien fans.

* In the film, [[Sam Gamgee]] is treated as an adult at [[Bilbo Baggins]]' farewell party; in the books, he was only 21 (still 12 years from his coming of age). Perhaps more significantly, Frodo appears much younger. The seventeen year time period between the party and Gandalf's return to the Shire is significantly shortened. This tightening of the timespan occurs frequently.

* The characterization of [[Boromir]] is expanded somewhat, and his final stand at [[Amon Hen]] is included on-screen (an event which takes place in the next volume of the books). This change has been received fairly positively.

Other fans explain that, compared to the many film adaptations of literary works over the years, many of which bear little or no resemblance to the source material, this film and the remainder of the trilogy are still very faithful adaptations, with some changes necessary due to the differing limitations of film.

=== Linguistic elements ===
Some fans also felt that movie producers missed the linguistic basis of the work (as Tolkien invented the world to bring his languages alive and not the other way around):

In particular, ''[[Namárië]],'' Galadriel's lament in [[Lórien]] that begins "Ai! laurië lantar lassi súrinen", did not appear in the film, although Tolkien considered it one of the highest points of ''The Fellowship of the Ring''. A few lines of the poem do, however, make it into the soundtrack at the departure from Lórien. Other samples of Elvish language from the books are treated similiarly. However, Elvish (most often [[Sindarin]]) ''is'' spoken extensively in the film, with and without subtitles. The Elvish lines were, for the most part, devised specifically for the film version, sometimes based on English text written by Tolkien.

The movie features numerous books and artifacts with [[Tengwar]] inscriptions. Even though they were researched for accuracy, they still show a couple of peculiarities and inconsistencies not found in Tolkien's own Tengwar samples.

Another idiosyncrasy of the films is that [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] writing is shown in the Latin alphabet, while the books state that the Hobbits used the Tengwar. However, the Latin calligraphy is written in such a way that it bears resemblance to the Tengwar, including ''tehtar'' above their corresponding vowels. This refers visually to the Tengwar while allowing the audience to immediately recognise the text.

==Score==
* [[The Fellowship of the Ring Soundtrack]]

==Awards==

In 2002 the movie won four Academy Awards out of thirteen nominations. The winning categories were for Best Cinematography, Best Effects, Visual Effects, Best Makeup and Best Music, Original Score. The other nominated categories were Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Ian McKellen), Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Best Costume Design, Best Director, Best Editing, Best Music, Song ([[Enya]], [[Nicky Ryan]] and [[Roma Ryan]] for "May It Be"), Best Picture, Best Sound and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published.

After the close of its theatre run, it ranked in the top ten highest grossing movies worldwide, with takings of $860,700,000 USA dollars from world-wide theatrical box office receipts (movie ticket sales).
(Source: [http://us.imdb.com/Charts/worldtopmovies IMDB Top Movies Chart]).

The movie has also been released on videotape and DVD, with some editions having additional footage and commentary not included in the theatrical release edition. Notable among the restored scenes is additional footage of a smiling Galadriel bestowing [[Gifts of Galadriel|gifts]] on the members of the fellowship. In the theatrical version, she appeared dark and brooding. On Tuesday, November 12, 2002, Special Extended DVD Edition of ''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' was released, containing 208 minutes (3 hours, 28 minutes) of footage.

The extended editions of ''The Fellowship of the Ring'' and the second movie, ''[[Peter Jackson's The Two Towers|The Two Towers]]'' had limited theatrical runs in selected cities worldwide in late 2003, during the run-up to the release of the final film, ''[[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]''.

== Reviews ==
* [http://www.combustiblecelluloid.com/digitalwatch/lotrfellow.shtml Combustible Celluloid] - 3 out of 4 stars. (DVD)
* [http://www.eye.net/eye/issue/issue_12.13.01/film/lotr1.html Eye Weekly]
* [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/3540688/ MSNBC (Newsweek)] - A 'Ring' to Rule the Screen
* [http://rossanthony.com/L/ltrfellowship.shtml Ross Anthony] 2 out of 4 stars
* [http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/movies/51108_ring19q.shtml Seattle Post-Intelligencer One 'Ring' to bring them all ... into the theater]
* [http://www.paloaltoonline.com/movies/cgi/moviescreener_long.cgi?id=993 Palo Alto Online]
* [http://www.geocities.com/moviola3/peliculas/senor_anillos/senor_anillos.html Peliculas (Geocities) (Spanish)]
* [http://movie-reviews.colossus.net/movies/l/lotr1.html ReelViews]
* [http://splicedwire.com/01reviews/lordrings1.html SPLICEDWire]
* [http://www.filmstew.com/Content/Article.asp?ContentID=2251 Film Stew]
* [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/click/movie-1108476/reviews.php?critic=1&sortby=default&page=4&rid=275580 Shane Burridge]

===See also===
* [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring screenplay]]
* [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring DVD|Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring DVD]]
* [[The Fellowship of the Ring Extended Edition]]
{{films}}

[[Category:Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]
[[de:Der Herr der Ringe: Die Gefährten (Film)]]
[[fi:The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)]]

Glittering Caves

2009-12-21T00:51:10Z

Galdor of the Havens: /* As a Dwarven Colony */

{{location
| image=[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_The_Glittering_Caves_of_Aglarond.jpg|300px]]
| name=Glittering Caves
| type=Cave/Colony
| location=[[White Mountains]]
| inhabitants=[[Rohirrim]] refugees, later [[Dwarves]]
| realms=
| description=Jewelled caverns
| othernames=[[Aglarond]]
| etymology=
| events=[[Battle of Helm's Deep]]
| references=[[The Two Towers]], [[The Return of the King]]
|}}

The '''Glittering Caves''', also called [[Aglarond]], were the spectacular jewelled caverns that lay in the [[White Mountains]] behind [[Helm's Deep]] in [[Rohan]].

==Overview==
The Glittering Caves were located behind [[Helm's Deep]] under the three peaks of the [[Thrihyrne]] in the northwestern arm of the [[White Mountains]]. [[Gimli]] called the Glittering Caves one of the marvels of the Northern World.
The Glittering Caves extended deep under the mountains, with many passages, stairs, halls, and chambers. The floors were sandy and the ceilings were high, domed vaults. The walls were polished stone set with gems and crystals and veins of ore. It is not known whether the caves contain any [[mithril]].

==History==
===War of the Ring===
During the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] on [[March 3]]-[[March 4|4]], [[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]], many of the women, children, and elderly people of the Westfold took refuge in the Glittering Caves. Livestock and food were stored there as well. The entrance to the caves was behind the Deeping-wall in a narrow gorge that could be defended long against an onslaught.

Some [[Orcs]] crept through a culvert in the Deeping-wall and entered the gorge but were killed or driven back by the defenders. Then the Deeping-wall was breached by an explosive device and the Enemy forces entered the Deep. Many of the [[Rohirrim]] including [[Eomer]] were driven back to the Glittering Caves, and with them was Gimli.

===As a Dwarven Colony===
[[Image:Lomehir-Glittering Caves.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The Dwarven Colony at the Glittering Caves]]

When [[Gimli Elf-friend]] was held up in the caves, he was amazed by their beauty. After the [[War of the Ring]] he brought from [[Erebor]] part of [[Durin's folk]] and founded a [[Dwarf realms|colony]] in the caves, becoming the first [[Lord of the Glittering Caves]]. The Dwarves of the Glittering Caves carefully tended the stone walls and opened new ways and chambers and hung lamps that filled the caverns with light. The Glittering Caves became one of the most important realms of the [[Dwarves]] at the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]].

== Inspiration ==
The Glittering Caves are one of very few locations in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s work that are associated with a real place. They were inspired by the [[wikipedia:Cheddar Gorge and Caves|Cheddar Gorge]] in [[wikipedia:Somerset|Somerset]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 321]] (dated [[February 4]], [[1971]])</ref>

{{references}}
* {{HM|TT}}, "[[Helm's Deep (chapter)|Helm's Deep]]"
* {{HM|TT}}, "[[The Road to Isengard]]"
* {{HM|TT}}, "[[The Palantir]]"
* {{HM|RK}}, "[[The Passing of the Grey Company]]"
* {{HM|RK}}, "[[The Field of Cormallen]]"
* {{HM|RK}}, "[[Many Partings]]"

[[Category:Rohan]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]
[[de:Aglarond]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:montagnes_blanches:cavernes_etincelantes]]
[[fi:Aglarond]]

Glittering Caves

2009-12-21T00:50:39Z

Galdor of the Havens: /* Overview */

{{location
| image=[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_The_Glittering_Caves_of_Aglarond.jpg|300px]]
| name=Glittering Caves
| type=Cave/Colony
| location=[[White Mountains]]
| inhabitants=[[Rohirrim]] refugees, later [[Dwarves]]
| realms=
| description=Jewelled caverns
| othernames=[[Aglarond]]
| etymology=
| events=[[Battle of Helm's Deep]]
| references=[[The Two Towers]], [[The Return of the King]]
|}}

The '''Glittering Caves''', also called [[Aglarond]], were the spectacular jewelled caverns that lay in the [[White Mountains]] behind [[Helm's Deep]] in [[Rohan]].

==Overview==
The Glittering Caves were located behind [[Helm's Deep]] under the three peaks of the [[Thrihyrne]] in the northwestern arm of the [[White Mountains]]. [[Gimli]] called the Glittering Caves one of the marvels of the Northern World.
The Glittering Caves extended deep under the mountains, with many passages, stairs, halls, and chambers. The floors were sandy and the ceilings were high, domed vaults. The walls were polished stone set with gems and crystals and veins of ore. It is not known whether the caves contain any [[mithril]].

==History==
===War of the Ring===
During the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] on [[March 3]]-[[March 4|4]], [[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]], many of the women, children, and elderly people of the Westfold took refuge in the Glittering Caves. Livestock and food were stored there as well. The entrance to the caves was behind the Deeping-wall in a narrow gorge that could be defended long against an onslaught.

Some [[Orcs]] crept through a culvert in the Deeping-wall and entered the gorge but were killed or driven back by the defenders. Then the Deeping-wall was breached by an explosive device and the Enemy forces entered the Deep. Many of the [[Rohirrim]] including [[Eomer]] were driven back to the Glittering Caves, and with them was Gimli.

===As a Dwarven Colony===
[[Image:Lomehir-Glittering Caves.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The Dwarven Colony at the Glittering Caves]]

When [[Gimli Elf-friend]] was held up in the caves, he was amazed by their beauty. After the [[War of the Ring]] he brought from [[Erebor]] part of [[Durin's folk]] and founded a colony in the caves, becoming the first [[Lord of the Glittering Caves]]. The Dwarves of the Glittering Caves carefully tended the stone walls and opened new ways and chambers and hung lamps that filled the caverns with light. The Glittering Caves became one of the most important realms of the [[Dwarves]] at the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]].

== Inspiration ==
The Glittering Caves are one of very few locations in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s work that are associated with a real place. They were inspired by the [[wikipedia:Cheddar Gorge and Caves|Cheddar Gorge]] in [[wikipedia:Somerset|Somerset]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 321]] (dated [[February 4]], [[1971]])</ref>

{{references}}
* {{HM|TT}}, "[[Helm's Deep (chapter)|Helm's Deep]]"
* {{HM|TT}}, "[[The Road to Isengard]]"
* {{HM|TT}}, "[[The Palantir]]"
* {{HM|RK}}, "[[The Passing of the Grey Company]]"
* {{HM|RK}}, "[[The Field of Cormallen]]"
* {{HM|RK}}, "[[Many Partings]]"

[[Category:Rohan]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]
[[de:Aglarond]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:reliefs:montagnes_blanches:cavernes_etincelantes]]
[[fi:Aglarond]]

Iron Hills

2009-12-21T00:48:21Z

Galdor of the Havens: /* History */

{{location
| image=[[Image:Ironhillsmap.jpg|250px]]
| name=Iron Hills
| othernames=
| etymology=
| type=Hill range
| location=East of [[Erebor]], northwest of [[Rhûn]]
| inhabitants=[[Durin's Folk]]
| realms=Wherever the King of Durin's folk has made his dwelling
| description=Hill-remnants of the [[Ered Engrin]] and a realm of many of Durin's folk
| events=
| references=
|}}
The '''Iron Hills''' were a range of hills in the northeast of the known parts of [[Middle-earth]], border-lining [[Rhûn]]. There was also a [[Dwarf realms|Dwarf-realm]] located in the hills, led famously by [[Dáin Ironfoot]].

==History==
The Hills were mined for thousands of years by the Dwarves. They were mined, as their namesake, for iron and contained little to no [[mithril]]. The [[Dwarf-road of Mirkwood]] ran northeast to the Hills for the Dwarf-traders than went to and from [[Khazad-dûm]] and the Hills.

It officially became a Dwarf-realm in [[Third Age 2590|T.A. 2590]], when [[Grór]] left the [[Grey Mountains]] after losing its dominance to [[Dragons]]. Over hundreds of years it became a great realm, especially after the destruction of [[Erebor]]. Before the death of [[Smaug]], the Iron Hills was the main dwelling of [[Durin's folk]] in the East, and was also the strongest realm militarily in [[Wilderland]].

== See Also ==
*[[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]
*[[Lord of the Iron Hills]]

{{references}}
* {{HM|AA}}, "Durin's Folk"
* {{HM|PM}}
* {{HM|H}}

[[Category:Hills]]
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[category:Mountain ranges]]

Iron Hills

2009-12-21T00:47:03Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{location
| image=[[Image:Ironhillsmap.jpg|250px]]
| name=Iron Hills
| othernames=
| etymology=
| type=Hill range
| location=East of [[Erebor]], northwest of [[Rhûn]]
| inhabitants=[[Durin's Folk]]
| realms=Wherever the King of Durin's folk has made his dwelling
| description=Hill-remnants of the [[Ered Engrin]] and a realm of many of Durin's folk
| events=
| references=
|}}
The '''Iron Hills''' were a range of hills in the northeast of the known parts of [[Middle-earth]], border-lining [[Rhûn]]. There was also a [[Dwarf realms|Dwarf-realm]] located in the hills, led famously by [[Dáin Ironfoot]].

==History==
The Hills were mined for thousands of years by the Dwarves. The mountains were mined, as their namesake, for iron and contained little to no [[mithril]]. The [[Dwarf-road of Mirkwood]] ran northeast to the Hills for the Dwarf-traders than went to and from [[Khazad-dûm]] and the Hills.

It officially became a Dwarf-realm in [[Third Age 2590|T.A. 2590]], when [[Grór]] left the [[Grey Mountains]] after losing its dominance to [[Dragons]]. Over hundreds of years it became a great realm, especially after the destruction of [[Erebor]]. Before the death of [[Smaug]], the Iron Hills was the main dwelling of [[Durin's folk]] in the East, and was also the strongest realm militarily in [[Wilderland]].

== See Also ==
*[[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]
*[[Lord of the Iron Hills]]

{{references}}
* {{HM|AA}}, "Durin's Folk"
* {{HM|PM}}
* {{HM|H}}

[[Category:Hills]]
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[category:Mountain ranges]]

Lonely Mountain

2009-12-21T00:44:05Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:Rob Alexander - The Lonely Mountain.jpg|300px]]
| name = Erebor
| meaning = Lonely Mountain
| type = Monarchy/Lordship
| hidep=yes
| headofstate = [[King under the Mountain]]/[[King of Durin's folk]]
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital =
| language = [[Westron]], [[Khuzdul]]
| location = North of [[Esgaroth]], west of the [[Iron Hills]],
| populace= Dwarves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = Part of the Exiled [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] led by King [[Thrór]] in [[Third Age 2590|T.A. 2590]]
| established = [[Third Age 2590|T.A. 2590]]
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = [[Third Age 2770 | T.A. 2770]]
| restored = [[Third Age 2941 | T.A. 2941]]
}}{{Pronounce|Erebor.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Erebor''', or the '''Lonely Mountain''' (which it translates as from [[Sindarin]]), was a mountain in the northeast of [[Rhovanion]]. It was the source of the river [[Running]], and a major [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] [[Dwarf realms|stronghold]] at the end of the [[Third Age]] and well into the [[Fourth Age|Fourth]].

==History==
===[[Years of the Trees]] and the [[First Age]]===

Erebor was first discovered and colonized by the [[Longbeards]] some time after [[Durin I]] awoke in [[Mount Gundabad]]. It was inhabited by a mining colony for hundreds of years, and was connected by the [[Forest Road]]; Which was built by the Dwarves to connect all of its mining colonies. It ran from the [[High Pass]] through [[Greenwood the Great]] (Later called Mirkwood) to the river [[Running]] that went all the way up to the [[Iron Hills]], which was east of Erebor.

===From Colony to Capital===

Erebor continued as a colony for many thousands of years, until the awakening of [[Durin's Bane]] in the capital of [[Khazad-dûm]]. In [[Third Age 1980 | T.A.1980]], King [[Durin VI]] was killed by Durin's bane, and in [[Third Age 1981 | 1981]] after the death of Durin's oldest son and heir King [[Náin I]]; the next in line [[Thráin I]] with the rest of his people fled Khazad-dùm (Renamed Moria).
Thráin with those who would follow him, went to the colony in Erebor in [[Third Age 1999 | 1999]]. Where he made himself [[King under the Mountain]], and relocated the capital of the Longbeards.
Under Thráin's rule the [[Arkenstone]] was discovered, and many riches were mined from its depths; After Thráin's death and his son [[Thorin I]] had ruled in Erebor for ten years, he abandoned the mountain in [[Third Age 2210 | 2210]] for the [[Grey Mountains]]; where his people were now gathering.

===Decline and reestablishment===

After King Thorin left the mountain was once again a colony, and its status as capital city was transfered to the Ered Mithrin.

It was nearly four hundred years before Durin's folk returned in mass to Erebor. The reason for this being that the [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] had been fighting a [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons |war]] against the [[Dragons]], who had plagued the Dwarves for hundreds of years. In the year [[Third Age 2590 | 2589]] King [[Náin II]] and middle son [[Frór]] were killed by a great [[Cold-drake]] at the entrance to their halls, which led to the decision by the two remaining heirs, [[Thrór]] and [[Grór]], to leave the mountains with those who wished to follow them. The following year ([[Third Age 2590 | 2590]]) the now king Thrór, led a group back to Erebor, while his borther Grór led another portion to the Iron Hills, and even some stayed behind in the Ered Mithrin.

Thrór eventually made it to Erebor, and declared himself King under the Mountain. Under Thrór's rule Erebor once again became the capital of Durin's folk, the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] became the best crafters and mason in Wilderland, trade increased with their kinsman in the Iron Hills and elsewhere, and they also became very rich.

===[[Sack of Erebor]] and exile===

But with this new found prosperity came trouble. it wasn't long before the great dragon [[Smaug]] heard of their great wealth, and one day decided to take their treasure for himself. in the year [[Third Age 2770 | 2770]] Smaug descended on the mountain in a ball of fire. He killed King [[Girion]] of [[Dale]] with many of his knights, and he killed a large amount of the Dwarves living in the mountain. Most of the survivors fled to the Iron Hills, while other went with the royal family into exile, and other just went their own way.

The Lonely Mountain was empty for over two hundred years, save the ever vigilant Smaug who slept in the inner most chamber on a great pile of wealth. But while Durin's folk wandered from the mountain to [[Dunland]] to the northern [[Blue Mountains]]; they ever longed for the halls of Erebor.

===The Quest of Erebor and restoration===

It wasn't until Thrór's grandson [[Thorin II Oakenshield]] met the Wizard [[Gandalf]] that the hopes of retaking Erebor seemed possible. Indeed in the year [[Third Age 2941 | 2941]] with Gandalf's council, king Thorin and a small company of friends and family actually made it to the Lonely Mountain. After the Dragon Smaug had realized that the Dwarves had been helped by the [[Men of Dale]] he went to their town of [[Esgaroth]] intent on destroying them. Only to be killed by a man named [[Bard I|Bard the Bowman]].
With the help of a [[Hobbit]] named [[Bilbo Baggins]] Thorin and company were able to retake the city and the treasure. Therefore allowing Thorin to proclaim himself King under the Mountain. But after refusing to give any of the treasure to the Men of Esgaroth, and the [[Elves of Mirkwood]], the mountain and the Dwarves and Hobbit in it were put under a bloodless siege.
Things nearly came to blows when Thorin's cousin [[Dáin Ironfoot]] (Grór's grandson) arrived as aid to his kinsman and nearly went to battle against the besiegers. But Gandalf interceded and warned them all of a great host of [[Orcs]] and [[Wargs]] coming to take the mountain. So the Elves, Men, and Dwarves made an alliance, and fought a [[Battle of Five Armies | bloody batte]] against their foes in the valley before the gate of Erebor.

In the end the defenders were victorious against the Orcs and Wargs, but king Thorin was mortally wounded and his nephews were both killed in the battle, and after Thorin's death Dáin was made king of Durin's folk and of the mountain. Finally after so many years of longing the Longbeards finally could return to Erebor.

===Prosperity and the [[War of the Ring]]===

Under Dáin's rule the Dwarves of Erebor became very rich and prosperous. They rebuilt the town of [[Dale]], their trade greatly increased with their kinsman in the Iron Hills once again and with Men; and Erebor was restored to its original greatness.
But once again trouble began to brew in the east. The Men of Dale were nearing war with the [[Easterlings]], and in the year [[Third Age 3019 | 3019]] an emissary from [[Sauron]] came to Erebor and told Dáin that if he were to give up the location of Bilbo (Who had discovered the [[Ring of Power]] in his travels) that Sauron would return to him the three remaining [[Seven Rings|Dwarven rings]]. But being wary of the emissary, Dáin sent his kinsmen [[Glóin (Son of Thorin I)|Glóin]] to [[Rivendell]] to warn Bilbo that Sauron was after him.

Several months later war broke out between Dale and the East. Dale was driven from their borders at the river Running, and was besieged in their city of Dale for three days in what became the [[Battle of Dale]]. Even with the aid of the Dwarves they could not stop the advance of the Easterlings; and on the third day as the Men and Dwarves retreated into the mountain, King [[Brand]] and King Dáin were killed at the its very gates. The Dwarves and Men held out for several days until word reached the ears of the Easterlings that the great hosts of Sauron in the south had been defeated in the [[Battle of the Morannon]]. With this news fear fell on the besiegers. When the besieged saw this they came forth from the Erebor, and attacked their enemy driving them from Dale across the Running, never to be bothered again.

After the death of his father, [[Thorin III Stonehelm]] became king of Durin's folk, and Erebor. Little is known of his reign other than his people helping rebuild the cities of [[Gondor]] and the fortress of [[Helm's Deep]], and part of his people moving to the [[Glittering Caves]]. Erebor continued to prosper until the world grew old and the races of Durin ended.

{{references}}
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Hobbit]]'', passim.
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[Many Meetings]]
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Return of the King]]'', passim.
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]]: III Durin's Folk
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[The Quest of Erebor]]
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''

[[Category:Mountains]]
[[Category:Cities]]
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Sieges]]

Dwarves of the Grey Mountains

2009-12-21T00:43:16Z

Galdor of the Havens:

The '''Dwarves of the Grey Mountains''' were the [[Dwarves]] of [[Durin's folk]] who lived in the [[Grey Mountains]] in northern [[Middle-earth]].

==The Earliest Settlements==

The Dwarves of Durin's folk considered the Ered Mithrin as part of their [[Dwarf realms|land]] as far back as the reign of [[Durin I]]. Because of constant attack by both Orcs of Morgoth and possibly Dragons, they were not heavily explored or settled until the Third Age.

==The Awakening of Durin's Bane==

Durin's folk started to gather in the Grey Mountains in [[Third Age 1981|T.A. 1981]] after a [[Balrog]] was awakened in their ancestral home of [[Khazad-dûm]], which its people fled in fear. Another portion of Durin's folk lead by King [[Thráin I]] established the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]] at [[Erebor]].
Some years after leaving Moria [[Scatha]] the Great Worm of the Ered Mithrin began to afflict the Dwarves, and all who lived in that region, until [[Fram]] of the [[Éothéod]] slew him, bringing peace from the Long-Worms from many years till the [[Wars of the Dwarves and Dragons]]. But there was a feud between the Dwarves and Fram, for he refused to yield any of the treasure of Scatha to the Dwarves. Instead he sent a necklace of Scatha's teeth to them, saying "treasures like these are hard to come by". For this insult it is said the Dwarves slew him.

==The Seat of Durin's Realm==

In [[Third Age 2210|T.A. 2210]] King [[Thorin I]], learning that most of his people were gathering in the Grey Mountains, left the Lonely Mountain to join the Dwarves to the north, for those mountains were rich and little explored.

==The War of the Dwarves and Dragons==

For 360 years Durin's folk prospered in the Ered Mithrin, but the Dragons in the wastes beyond began to multiply again and made war on the Dwarves in [[Third Age 2550|T.A. 2550]], and plundered their works.
After 19 years the [[War of the Dwarves and Dragons]] came to an end when a great [[Cold-drakes|Cold-drake]] killed King [[Dáin I]], and his second son [[Frór]] at the door of his hall. A year later most of Durin's folk abandoned the Grey Mountains. [[Grór]], youngest son of the king went with many followers to the [[Iron Hills]]. In the mean time, the new King [[Thrór]] along with his uncle [[Borin]], and the remainder of the people went back to Erebor.

==Remaining Peoples, and Later History==

There still was a remnant of the Dwarves in the Ered Mithrin after the core of the population left, but were probably few. Working whatever mines they could hold from the Orcs and Dragons, but is speculated that they may have left at some point as well.
It is likely that the Dwarves reclaimed all their old halls and mines sometime during the [[Fourth Age]], if not after [[Dáin II Ironfoot]] became king of Durin's folk in the late Third Age.

==References==
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]]
* ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''

[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Longbeards]]
[[de:Ered Mithrin#Bewohner]]
[[fi:Harmaavuoret#Historia]]

Belegost

2009-12-21T00:41:13Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{kingdom
| image =[[Image:Belegost map.gif]]
| name = Belegost
| meaning = [[S.]] Great Fortress
| type =
| headofstate = King, Chieftain, or [[Lord of Belegost]]
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = Belegost
| language = Khuzdul, Sindarin
| location = Northeast of Mount Dolmed
| populace= House of the [[Broadbeam]] Dwarves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = Unknown
| established = Unknown, possibly the during Years of the Trees
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = Between [[First Age 587]] and [[First Age 590 | 590]]
| restored =
}}
'''Belegost''' was one of two great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] [[Dwarf realms|cities]] in the [[Ered Luin]]. Its name in [[Westron]] was ''Mickleburg''.

Belegost lay the central part of the Ered Luin, and was home to the Dwarven House known as the ''[[Broadbeams]]''. Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was ''Gabilgathol'' probably meaning "great fortess". ''Belegost'' in [[Sindarin]] translates as "Great Fortress" as well.
During the mid [[First Age]] its king until [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] was [[Azaghâl]].

The [[Dwarves of Belegost]] were friends to the [[Sindar]] and later also the [[Ñoldor]] of [[Beleriand]]. They did not join the Dwarves of [[Nogrod]] in the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves | Sack of Doriath]], and actually attempted to dissuade their fellow Dwarves from it.

Unlike Nogrod to the South, Belegost may have partly survived after the [[War of Wrath]], although it was recorded as having been 'ruined' at that time: many Dwarves of Belegost joined [[Durin's folk]] in [[Khazad-dûm]] 60 years after the war, but there were always Dwarves on the Eastern side of the mountains.

==Etymology==
''Belegost'' ([[beleg]] + [[ost]]) is a [[Sindarin]] translation of the original [[Dwarvish]] name '''[[Gabilgathol]]''' and all mean "Great City".

Unlike other names of the Silmarillion, the texts gives us also an English rendering, which is possibly from [[Westron]]: Mickleburg. Mickle is a root meanng "big"; see also [[Michel Delving]].

==References==
*[[The Silmarillion]]
*[[Unfinished Tales]]
*[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]

[[Category:Dwarven Cities]]
[[Category:Southeast Beleriand]]
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]
[[Category:Broadbeams]]
[[de:Belegost]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:beleriand:belegost]]
[[fi:Belegost]]

Nogrod

2009-12-21T00:39:59Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{kingdom
| image =[[Image:Nogrod darthsolus.jpg|300px]]
| name = Nogrod
| meaning = Great Fortress
| type =
| headofstate = King or Lord of Nogrod
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = Nogrod
| language = Khuzdul, Sindarin
| location = Southeast of Mount Dolmed
| populace= House of the [[Firebeard]] Dwarves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = Unknown, not long after the Awakening of the Dwarf-fathers
| established =
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = Between [[First Age]] 587 and 590
| restored =
}}
'''Nogrod''' was one of two [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] cities in the [[Ered Luin]].

Nogrod lay in the middle of the mountain range, near [[Mount Dolmed]] where the Dwarf-road of [[Beleriand]] crossed into [[Eriador]]. It was home to the [[Dwarf realms|Dwarven House]] known as the ''Firebeards''. Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was '''''Tumunzahar''''' meaning "Hollowbold". ''Nogrod'' translates as "Hollowbold". Nogrod was also the home to the great Dwarven smiths [[Gamil Zirak]] and [[Telchar]].

[[Eöl]] the Dark Elf often went there, as did his son [[Maeglin]]. While initially friendly to the [[Elves]] of Beleriand, the Dwarves of Nogrod killed [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] in his treasury after having grafted the treasure of [[Nargothrond]] for him, and they returned to sack the city after the departure of [[Melian]] and her protective [[Girdle of Melian]]. They were hunted down by [[Beren Erchamion]] and killed by his army of [[Laiquendi]] and a group of [[Ents]] at the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]].

Like [[Belegost]] a little to the North, Nogrod was ruined during the [[War of Wrath]], when the [[Ered Luin|Blue Mountains]] were broken and the Gulf of Lune flowed into [[Eriador]].

[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Dwarven Cities]]
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]
[[Category:Firebeards]]
[[Category:Cities of the First Age]]

Moria

2009-12-21T00:35:28Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{sources}}
{{kingdom
| image =[[Image:Peter Jackson's Moria.jpg|300px]]
| name = Khazad-dûm
| meaning = "Mansions of the Dwarves"
| type =
| headofstate = [[King of Khazad-dûm]] or the [[Lord of Moria]]
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = Khazad-dûm
| language = [[Khuzdul]], [[Elvish]], [[Westron]]
| location = The centre of the [[Misty Mountains]], a couple miles north of the [[Gladden]] river
| populace= House of the [[Longbeard]] Dwarves, and later also the [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]]
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = The eldest [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Father of the Dwarves]], [[Durin I]]
| established = Mid to later [[Years of the Trees]]
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = [[Third Age 1981]]
| restored = Sometime during the [[Fourth Age]]
}}
{{quote|After the end of the [[First Age]] the power and wealth of [[Khazad-dûm]] was much increased; for it was enriched by many people and much lore and craft. . .|[[Appendix A]]}}
'''Khazad-dûm''' (also known as ''[[Moria]]'', ''The Black Chasm'', ''The Black Pit'', ''Dwarrowdelf'', ''[[Hadhodrond]]'', ''[[Casarrondo]]'' and ''[[Phurunargian]]'') was the grandest and most famous of the mansions of the [[Dwarves]]. There, for many thousands of years, a thriving [[Dwarf realms|Dwarvish community]] created the greatest city ever known.

It lay in the central parts of the [[Misty Mountains]], tunnelled and carved through the living rock of the mountains themselves. By the [[Second Age]] a traveler could pass through it from the west of the range to the east.
== History ==
===Foundation===
It was founded in very ancient days by [[Durin the Deathless]]. [[Durin I|Durin]] woke at [[Mount Gundabad]] in the [[Misty Mountains]], who came upon a shimmering lake beneath the mountain [[Celebdil]], with a crown of stars reflected in its waters. He named that lake in the [[Dwarvish]] tongue, [[Kheled-zâram]], the [[Mirrormere]] and it remained a revered place among Dwarves of all houses ever afterwards. There in the caves above started the building of Khazad-dûm and also ''Dwarrowdelf'' by [[Men]], ''Hadhodrond'' by the [[Sindar]], and ''[[Casarrondo]]'' by the [[Ñoldor]].
===First Age===
Durin the Deathless thus became King Durin I of Khazad-dûm. Afterwards, other rulers of Khazad-dûm were sometimes named Durin, as they were considered to be his reincarnations, who the dwarves believed came to live again among [[Durin's folk|his people]].

As the millennia passed, the descendants of Durin sat upon the throne of Khazad-dûm, and their cavernous city became famous throughout the world. It even has a passing mention in [[Quenta Silmarillion]], the tale of the [[Elf-lords]] and their wars far to the west, though to them it was no more than a distant rumour they heard from the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Blue Mountains]] on their borders.

===Second Age===
[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Doors of Durin.jpg|thumb|right|Doors of Durin]]
The [[Noldor]], out of [[Lindon]], founded a country of their own by the western gates of Khazad-dûm, [[Eregion]]. A rare friendship sprang up between the Dwarves and the Elves of this new land. Eregion's ruler, [[Celebrimbor]], helped to construct the famous and magical gate that became known as the [[West-gate of Moria]], and indeed went so far as to present King [[Durin III]] with a [[Rings of Power|Ring of Power]]. The friendship of Khazad-dûm and Eregion came to a sudden end, though, in II 1697, when [[Sauron]] overran the country of the Elves, and the doors of Khazad-dûm were sealed against his forces.

===Third Age===

Eventually, Sauron was defeated and Khazad-dûm continued to thrive. Most of its great wealth was based on the [[Mithril]] that was found in its mines, and as the centuries passed, the Dwarves mined deeper and deeper for the precious metal. In the year III 1980, they dug too deep, and unleashed a nameless terror from the depths beneath the city. The creature wreaked dreadful destruction, and in slaying the then King, [[Durin VI]], became known as [[Durin's Bane]]. In the following year, Durin's son, [[Náin I]], was also lost, and the Dwarves fled their ancient home.

After millennia as one of the richest cities in [[Middle-earth]], Khazad-dûm stood dark and empty, but for the brooding menace the Dwarves had released. In that time it was given a new name, [[Moria]], the [[Black Pit]].

The monster - a Balrog of [[Morgoth]], as was later known - lurked alone in Moria for nearly five hundred years. After that time, the old city of Khazad-dûm began to be peopled again, but not by Dwarves. Goblins from the North began to enter the abandoned city to raid its treasuries, and they eventually colonized it. They also began to worship the Balrog as their deity. Soon afterwards, Sauron directed his creatures there, and Moria began to fill with Orcs and Trolls from [[Mordor]]. Though the orcs' numbers were greatly reduced in the [[Battle of Nanduhirion]], fought in the valley beneath Moria's [[East-gate]] in III 2799, the Balrog could not be bested, and Khazad-dûm remained a citadel of darkness.

====Balin's expedition====
Several Dwarven generations later, there were two attempts by the Dwarves of Durin's line to reclaim their ancient home. The first of these was by [[Balin]], who had accompanied [[Bilbo Baggins]] on the [[Quest of Erebor]]; he led a [[Balin's Colony | colony]] of Dwarves there from [[Erebor]] in III 2989, but though he was successful at first, he was eventually defeated and slain.

The story of the second attempt to recolonize the Dwarf-mansions is less clear, but it seems that sometime during the [[Fourth Age]], [[Durin VII]] became [[King of Durin's Folk]], and led a final return to the city. It seems he was successful, so that long after the War of the Ring, the Dwarves of Durin's line reclaimed their inheritance, and the hammers rang again in their great halls beneath the Misty Mountains until the race of Dwarves ended.

====The Fellowship's passage====
[[Image:Aleksandr Kortich - 03.jpg|thumb|right|The Company in Khazad-dûm]]
When [[Frodo Baggins]] set out from [[Rivendell]] with the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]], they at first planned to travel over the Misty Mountains. When they were stopped by heavy snow on [[Mount Caradhras]], they found themselves pursued by wolves and Orcs, and fled into Moria, so as to go under the mountains. There, they found Balin's journal in the [[Book of Mazarbul]] and learned the fate of his expedition. They were then set upon by a host of [[Trolls]] and Orcs, and they discovered that the terror was, in fact, a [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Morgoth]]. [[Gandalf]] fought the Balrog on a narrow bridge and succeeded in destroying a section of bridge to make the Balrog fall. As it fell, the Balrog snagged Gandalf's leg with its whip of thongs and pulled him after it, sending them both plunging into the abyss spanned by the bridge. The rest of the Fellowship managed to escape Moria and reach [[Lórien in Middle-earth|Lórien]] mostly unharmed.

Unknown to the Fellowship, both Gandalf and the Balrog survived the fall and fought a ferocious battle from the depths of Moria to the mountains above, demolishing the top of the legendary [[Endless Stair]] and a part of the surrounding mountain peak in the process. Gandalf cast down the Balrog upon the mountainside and lived just long enough to see it die, but his story was not yet ended. (See [[Gandalf]]'s entry for further details.)

While Gandalf had felled the Balrog and some of the orcs of Moria died in the War of the Ring, Moria remained a place of evil creatures until the time of the last Durin.

==Layout==
Khazad-dûm was a huge array of chambers, passages, mines, halls, stores and pits. In general, areas were either classed as ''mines'' or ''city''. The mines were working sections of Khazad-dûm whilst the city was the area of habitation.

The city areas of Khazad-dûm were clustered mainly to the east; these were the oldest parts of the kingdom and had good access to the [[Great Gate]]. They were structured into seven Levels and seven Deeps. The Levels stretched above the gate whilst the Deeps were set deeper within the mountain below the level of the East-gate. It is possible that the First Level (on which the East-gate was set) and the First Deep were highly intertwined.

The eastern section of the city spaces had also been delved in such a manner as to have light shafts to illuminate their chambers. One example of this is the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]] which was located on the eastern edge of the [[Seventh Level]].

The mine areas of Khazad-dûm were interlaced with the city spaces, but spread also westward toward the [[Doors of Durin]]. The mines ran deeper and further than any other tunnels within Khazad-dûm, and it is possible that more of the lower Deeps were given over to mining, although this is only conjecture.

The defined change between ''mines'' and ''city'' can be seen when the [[Fellowship]] pass through Moria - there is a marked difference between the early passages and chambers and those of the city structures illuminated by Gandalf.

Far below Moria, there are abysses, spaces and tunnels not known even by the Dwarves, but known by the Balrog. [[World-gnawing nameless things|Unknown beings]] gnaw the earth and make them, far from the knowledge of any lore.

==Etymology==
{{stub}}
==Portrayal in Adaptations==
{{stub}}

{{references}}

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Moria|Images of Moria]]

[[Category:Dwarven Cities]]
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]
[[Category:Moria]]
[[Category:Orc-Dwellings]]

[[de:Khazad-dûm]]
[[fi:Moria]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/monts_brumeux/khazad-dum]]

Eru

2009-12-21T00:32:44Z

Galdor of the Havens:

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|Eru during the [[Great Music]].]]
{{quote|But [[Rúmil (Elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]] said: 'Ilúvatar was the first beginning, and beyond that no wisdom of the [[Valar]] or of [[Eldar]] or of [[Men]] can go.' 'Who was Ilúvatar?' asked [[Eriol]]. 'Was he of the [[Gods]]?' 'Nay,' said Rúmil, 'that he was not, for he made them. Ilúvatar is the Lord for Always who dwells beyond the world; who made it and is not of it nor in it, but loves it.' |''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part 1]]'', "[[The Music of the Ainur]]"}}
{{Pronounce|Eru.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Eru''' ("The One"), also called '''[[Ilúvatar]]''' ("Father of All"), is the name in the for the supreme God for [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. He is the single omnipotent creator, but has delegated most direct action within Eä to the Ainur, including the shaping of the Earth ([[Arda]]) itself.

He is considered the [[Creation of the Ainur|father]] of the [[Ainur]], thus in lineage charts Ainur are shown as [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. However, not all of the Ainur were considered to be siblings. For instance, Manwë, Varda, and Melkor's father is Ilúvatar, and Melkor and Manwë were considered brothers; Varda was not considered their sister.

== Eru as Creator God ==
[[Elves]] and [[Men]] were created by Eru directly, without delegation to the Ainur, and they are therefore called "Children of Ilúvatar" (''[[Eruhini]]''). The [[Dwarves]] were "adopted" by Eru in the sense that they were created by [[Aulë]] but given sapience by Eru. Animals and plants were probably fashioned by Ainur after themes set out by Eru in the [[Music of the Ainur]], although this is questionable in cases where animals exhibit sapience, as in the case of [[Huan]], or the [[Eagles]].

The activities of Eru on the life of Arda or Ea is not clear. [[Manwe]] was the vice-regent of Eru on Arda. The [[Changing of the World]] was made by Eru, something that the Valar themselves could not have done. According to ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]'' Eru would someday enter Ea to save his Children.

==Etymology==
The name comes from the [[root]] [[ER]] meaning "one, alone".
==Inspiration==
Tolkien understood Eru not as a "fictional deity" but as a name in a fictional language for the actual monotheistic God, although in a mythological or fictional context. In a draft of a letter of [[1954]] to Peter Hastings, manager of the Newman Bookshop (a Catholic bookshop in [[Oxford]]), Tolkien defended non-orthodox aspects as rightly within the scope of his mythology, as an exploration of the infinite "potential variety" of God. Regarding the possibility of reincarnation of [[Elves]], Hastings had written:
{{quote|God has not used that device in any of the creations of which we have knowledge, and it seems to me to be stepping beyond the position of a sub-creator to produce it as an actual working thing, because a sub-creator, when dealing with the relations between creator and created, should use those channels which he knows the creator to have used already|Peter Hastings}}

Tolkien's reply contains an explanation of his view of the relation of (divine) Creation to (human) [[sub-creation]]:
{{quote|We differ entirely about the nature of the relation of sub-creation to Creation. I should have said that liberation "from the channels the creator is known to have used already" is the fundamental function of "sub-creation", a tribute to the infinity of His potential variety [...] I am not a metaphysician; but I should have thought it a curious metaphysic — there is not one but many, indeed potentially innumerable ones — that declared the channels known (in such a finite corner as we have any inkling of) to have been used, are the only possible ones, or efficacious, or possibly acceptable to and by Him!|J.R.R. Tolkien, [[Letter 153]]}}

Hastings had also criticised the description of [[Tom Bombadil]] by [[Goldberry]]: ''"He is"'', saying that this seemed to imply that Bombadil was God.

Tolkien replied to this:
:''As for Tom Bombadil, I really do think you are being too serious, besides missing the point. [...] You rather remind me of a Protestant relation who to me objected to the (modern) Catholic habit of calling priests Father, because the name father belonged only to the First Person.''
[[category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Eru]]

Forums:Ways to Keep Active

2009-12-19T03:10:19Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


Seeing as more people are returning, I think we should brainstorm more ways to keep everyone active. Aside from the "Featured Quote" and the "Collaborations," I think we coulf add a debate aspect. Many good topics arose from the forums, such as "Tom Bombadil: Man or Maia?" We should formalize a place and rules, etc. for this.

Secondly, over at LotrFanatics, they use simply forums and pages like we use, to create a whole Wiki-wide role-play with houses, races, etc.

Thoughts?{{unsigned|Breragor}}

:Wow, very interesting idea. Prehaps you can begin a Role Playing Forum!!!--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:15, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

::At LotrFanatics they have detailed forums and pages for races and the in-wiki leaders, and i think it'd be great here. What does everyone else have to say on these ideas?{{unsigned|Breragor}}

:::Very good ideas. For a while I was inactive, but I'm slowly becoming more active. [[User:LotRfan01|LotRfan01]] 18:15, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

::::So should someone just create a new topic and then we can sort of create a character to Role Play in?--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:26, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

:::::I've been hesitant to add my opinion, because in principle that I don't want to do something doesn't mean that it shouldn't be done by those who want to - in a suitable corner. But I think this really going too far away from TG's core business, which is to provide a Tolkien encyclopedia and certain things related to that. This forum is also there to work towards that purpose. So I don't think it is a good idea. There are enough other places to do this. -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 01:50, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Doesn't it make sense though, to keep those peopl contributing to this encyclopedia active, so that it can be added to? If this is a good way, why not? I'm sure ides would get passed around faster, as those involved with Elves in the RP would contribute more to pages relating to Elves, thos involved with Men to pages on Men, etc. --{{User:Breragor/sig}} 01:58, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Now that I think of it, it might not work out so well, I do not wish this to turn into another NationStates... I will not discourage the ideas here, but I will not join until there is proof of a successful RP topic, should someone create it. Just one suggestion I will give you; should you make a topic, create a STRICT RULESET that limits the number of topics made.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 02:40, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

:I personally agree with Mithrennaith and think that if people want to role-play they can go elsewhere. I don't mean that in a nasty way, I just think it would detract from our core purpose.

:And, as someone who's been around this place for quite a while now, I can tell you we have enough trouble retaining editors for a decent amount of time, never mind trying to keep a whole RP community going. Furthermore, couldn't it have the reverse effect in that it distracts people from editing? And, again this isn't intended to be nasty, but do we want our articles to be edited by RPers because ''some'' have very different ideas about what's canon and what's not...

:Surely this is a non-starter? --[[User:Mith|Mith]] 09:42, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Ok, well I'm sorry I brought it up. The only reason it made sense to me, was that before this week, the last time I was on here was alsmot a year ago. There was nothing new, no one responds to my questions on the chat, and there weren't any meetings. --{{User:Breragor/sig}} 02:09, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

Well, I'm glad we all now are keeping fairly active abot this. I'm relatively new (only been on since late october) but I saw how the forums really picked up in the last few weeks. Keep the ideas flowing (not RP) and the site will continue to flourish.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 03:10, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

Forums:Ways to Keep Active

2009-12-18T02:40:00Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


Seeing as more people are returning, I think we should brainstorm more ways to keep everyone active. Aside from the "Featured Quote" and the "Collaborations," I think we coulf add a debate aspect. Many good topics arose from the forums, such as "Tom Bombadil: Man or Maia?" We should formalize a place and rules, etc. for this.

Secondly, over at LotrFanatics, they use simply forums and pages like we use, to create a whole Wiki-wide role-play with houses, races, etc.

Thoughts?{{unsigned|Breragor}}

:Wow, very interesting idea. Prehaps you can begin a Role Playing Forum!!!--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:15, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

::At LotrFanatics they have detailed forums and pages for races and the in-wiki leaders, and i think it'd be great here. What does everyone else have to say on these ideas?{{unsigned|Breragor}}

:::Very good ideas. For a while I was inactive, but I'm slowly becoming more active. [[User:LotRfan01|LotRfan01]] 18:15, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

::::So should someone just create a new topic and then we can sort of create a character to Role Play in?--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:26, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

:::::I've been hesitant to add my opinion, because in principle that I don't want to do something doesn't mean that it shouldn't be done by those who want to - in a suitable corner. But I think this really going too far away from TG's core business, which is to provide a Tolkien encyclopedia and certain things related to that. This forum is also there to work towards that purpose. So I don't think it is a good idea. There are enough other places to do this. -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 01:50, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Doesn't it make sense though, to keep those peopl contributing to this encyclopedia active, so that it can be added to? If this is a good way, why not? I'm sure ides would get passed around faster, as those involved with Elves in the RP would contribute more to pages relating to Elves, thos involved with Men to pages on Men, etc. --{{User:Breragor/sig}} 01:58, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Now that I think of it, it might not work out so well, I do not wish this to turn into another NationStates... I will not discourage the ideas here, but I will not join until there is proof of a successful RP topic, should someone create it. Just one suggestion I will give you; should you make a topic, create a STRICT RULESET that limits the number of topics made.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 02:40, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Forums:Ways to Keep Active

2009-12-18T02:30:25Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


Seeing as more people are returning, I think we should brainstorm more ways to keep everyone active. Aside from the "Featured Quote" and the "Collaborations," I think we coulf add a debate aspect. Many good topics arose from the forums, such as "Tom Bombadil: Man or Maia?" We should formalize a place and rules, etc. for this.

Secondly, over at LotrFanatics, they use simply forums and pages like we use, to create a whole Wiki-wide role-play with houses, races, etc.

Thoughts?{{unsigned|Breragor}}

:Wow, very interesting idea. Prehaps you can begin a Role Playing Forum!!!--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:15, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

::At LotrFanatics they have detailed forums and pages for races and the in-wiki leaders, and i think it'd be great here. What does everyone else have to say on these ideas?{{unsigned|Breragor}}

:::Very good ideas. For a while I was inactive, but I'm slowly becoming more active. [[User:LotRfan01|LotRfan01]] 18:15, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

::::So should someone just create a new topic and then we can sort of create a character to Role Play in?--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:26, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

:::::I've been hesitant to add my opinion, because in principle that I don't want to do something doesn't mean that it shouldn't be done by those who want to - in a suitable corner. But I think this really going too far away from TG's core business, which is to provide a Tolkien encyclopedia and certain things related to that. This forum is also there to work towards that purpose. So I don't think it is a good idea. There are enough other places to do this. -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 01:50, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Doesn't it make sense though, to keep those peopl contributing to this encyclopedia active, so that it can be added to? If this is a good way, why not? I'm sure ides would get passed around faster, as those involved with Elves in the RP would contribute more to pages relating to Elves, thos involved with Men to pages on Men, etc. --{{User:Breragor/sig}} 01:58, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Now that I think of it, it might not work out so well, but as long as we don't get ahead of ourselves, we could try this. Under one condition should this be made- Only two to three topics can be devoted to this. Even though we are stretching the boundries of TG's focus, I believe that TG has almost completely completed its core objective to provide a reliable and expansive database that is constantly renewing itself. If we keep a strict ruleset, I believe we can keep TGs focus in mind while having a little fun ourselves.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 02:30, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Forums:Ways to Keep Active

2009-12-18T02:30:05Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


Seeing as more people are returning, I think we should brainstorm more ways to keep everyone active. Aside from the "Featured Quote" and the "Collaborations," I think we coulf add a debate aspect. Many good topics arose from the forums, such as "Tom Bombadil: Man or Maia?" We should formalize a place and rules, etc. for this.

Secondly, over at LotrFanatics, they use simply forums and pages like we use, to create a whole Wiki-wide role-play with houses, races, etc.

Thoughts?{{unsigned|Breragor}}

:Wow, very interesting idea. Prehaps you can begin a Role Playing Forum!!!--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:15, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

::At LotrFanatics they have detailed forums and pages for races and the in-wiki leaders, and i think it'd be great here. What does everyone else have to say on these ideas?{{unsigned|Breragor}}

:::Very good ideas. For a while I was inactive, but I'm slowly becoming more active. [[User:LotRfan01|LotRfan01]] 18:15, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

::::So should someone just create a new topic and then we can sort of create a character to Role Play in?--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:26, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

:::::I've been hesitant to add my opinion, because in principle that I don't want to do something doesn't mean that it shouldn't be done by those who want to - in a suitable corner. But I think this really going too far away from TG's core business, which is to provide a Tolkien encyclopedia and certain things related to that. This forum is also there to work towards that purpose. So I don't think it is a good idea. There are enough other places to do this. -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 01:50, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Doesn't it make sense though, to keep those peopl contributing to this encyclopedia active, so that it can be added to? If this is a good way, why not? I'm sure ides would get passed around faster, as those involved with Elves in the RP would contribute more to pages relating to Elves, thos involved with Men to pages on Men, etc. --{{User:Breragor/sig}} 01:58, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Now that I think of it, it might not work out so well, but as long as we don't get ahead of ourselves, we could try this. Under one condition should this be made- Only two to three topics can be devoted to this. Even though we are stretching the boundries of TG's focus, I believe that TG has almost completely completed its core objective to provide a reliable and expansive database that is constantly renewing itself. If we keep a strict ruleset, I believe we can keep TGs focus in mind while having a little fun ourselves.

Forums:Tom Bombadil, Man or Maia?

2009-12-17T21:34:04Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


I have read numerous articles about Tom Bombadil and who exactly he is. But there are SO many different opinions, I still can't figure it out. I am a Tolkien fan under 20, and would really like a good strong opinion using facts to help me figure out who he really is. Below are some opinions i have heard:

1. Tom Bombadil is a "retired" Maia.

2. Tom Bombadil is just a crazy man.

3. Tom Bombadil was a fictional character from bedtime stories that Tolkien would make up for his children. Then he was later added to LoTR for no reason, just as an enigma.

Please help me out here. Thanks.

:Well, young fan. First off, our article on ol' Tom is a wreck - I'm planning to rewrite that. As for the opinions - #3 is the right one. -- [[User:Ederchil|Ederchil]] 03:21, 19 July 2008 (EDT)

:He's not a Maia or indeed a Vala because he says he was in Middle Earth before even Melkor. Obviously he's not a man, for a start he's immune to the ring's effects (which since Gandalf and Saruman aren't would be another reason he's not a Maia) and he's many thousands of years too old. Number 3 is correct, but that doesn't mean he can't be placed in Middle earth's cosmology. The way I see it, since we can't fit him in to any other categories and because of his unequivocal claim to being "Oldest" he is an integral part of the Music of the Ainur; a natural force of Middle earth, a [[hröa]] without a [[fëa]]. --[[User:Aule the Smith|Aule the Smith]] 13:42, 7 August 2008 (EDT)
::Can't agree more. It's exactly my opinion about Tom since years. Nice going, Aule. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 17:27, 7 August 2008 (EDT)
::::Yes, I also agree with Aule. Tom Bombadil could be part of the Music of the Ainur. He could be made with Arda at the beginning of Time. However I'm not completely sure, because the assumption don't clarify why Tom, made together with Arda, is free to the Ring's evil effects, whilst the Ainur (like the Maiar) made by Ilúvatar before the Creation are not free. We can't forget that Arda is not immune from the evil effects of Morgoth's (and Sauron's) power. So the supposition that Tom Bombadil is part of the Middle-Earth and at the same time immune from the Ring's power could be a little paradox. [[User:Finrod Felagund|Finrod Felagund]] 13:09, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

:::Could it possibly be that Tom B. is an avatar of Illúvatar? I have seen this tossed around by a few Tolkien scholars. In many forms of myth, some avatars of greater gods are not even aware that this is what they are. Japanese Myth for instance is replete with characters who are the avatars of great spirits who have no idea that this is their origin. Joseph Campbell talks about this in relation to primitive societies where the avatars must live among mankind in order to understand their suffering before they are allowed to enter into "Heaven" to take their place among the motive forces of the universe.

:::Maybe this is what Tom B. is. I am pretty sure that he would have been unaware of Campbell (due to Campbell not yet having written most of his works and just being a student of Jung at the time. Being such a creature would give him the insights into the world and a flighty short attention span.

:::Of course, it is just another theory, and it is far more likely that Tom is just an accident in the writing of ''The Lord of the Rings'' when he still had a vision of it as a more thorough children's story than ''The Hobbit''. As such, he is the mystery of the far off towers in the mist which hold the promise of adventure for some and peril for others.

:::[[User:Matthew|Matthew]] 17:21, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

:::::I reckon Tom is basicaly a god. I think that he's the creator of everything natural, hence his power over trees. As he is a 'god' he is not affected by age or the ring.
:::::--[[User:Pand.|Pand.]] 21:50, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

::::Another suggestion I have heard is that he is a personification of Middle-earth: the ring doesn't affect him because the Ring affects people and not the land itself. This also might help to explain Goldberry's connection with him as she comes from Middle-earth itself (the Withywindle).

::::But, ultimately, as Tolkien said in Letter 144, "''And even in a mythical age there must be some enigmas, as there always are. Tom Bombadil is one (intentionally).''" (In fact, Letter 144 is probably the most interesting and important with regards to Tolkien's thinking on Bombadil).

::::With regards to the article on Tom, I think we should just state all the relevant points of view, with evidence and leave it at that. --[[User:Mith|Mith]] 14:20, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

:::::I don't know what you think,but I believe that he is some form or avatar of Iluvatar himself stationed to watvh over Arda.{{unsigned|Beres}}

:::::: My preferred solution to the enigma of Tom is that he is the author incarnate, the creator of the legendarium who has taken bodily form to enter and live inside his own creation. In other words, he is Tolkien himself. This interpretation is consistent with most of the textual references, and flows naturally from Tolkien's strong Christian beliefs. As the creator he is of course older than anything in his created world, and because he actually has an existence outside his creation in a wholly different dimension the powerful evils of Middle Earth do not hold sway over him. Finally, the author of a story generally tries to let his characters run their own lives and make their own decisions, rather then forcing them to act according to his own wishes. This explains why Bombadil chooses to live an isolated life, away from and unconcerned with all the important persons and events of Middle-earth, and can not be relied upon as the solution to the problem of the One Ring.{{unsigned|Faded Glory}}

Something I've heard is the possibility of Tom being the reader. This would explain how he can see Frodo and know that everything will turn out okay. He is the reader of the book put into the book. The ring doesn't affect the reader, nor can the reader affect the ring. Finally, the reader doesn't have any power in the world in the bok, explaining why Tom can't help them anymore.[[User:LotRfan01|LotRfan01]] 05:12, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

I never really understood Bombadil, but I suppose he can represent the reader. My explanation is that he was the first Maia sent into the world, possibly to help build Alamaren or the Lamps. He may have been unassigned to any Ainur (or assigned to Melkor, then fled from him) and therefore not bound to any task. He may have found a love for the Shire, like Gandalf, and settled there early in the history of Arda. Choice No. 3 is also correct.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:34, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

Forums:Ways to Keep Active

2009-12-17T21:26:18Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


Seeing as more people are returning, I think we should brainstorm more ways to keep everyone active. Aside from the "Featured Quote" and the "Collaborations," I think we coulf add a debate aspect. Many good topics arose from the forums, such as "Tom Bombadil: Man or Maia?" We should formalize a place and rules, etc. for this.

Secondly, over at LotrFanatics, they use simply forums and pages like we use, to create a whole Wiki-wide role-play with houses, races, etc.

Thoughts?{{unsigned|Breragor}}

:Wow, very interesting idea. Prehaps you can begin a Role Playing Forum!!!--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:15, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

::At LotrFanatics they have detailed forums and pages for races and the in-wiki leaders, and i think it'd be great here. What does everyone else have to say on these ideas?{{unsigned|Breragor}}

:::Very good ideas. For a while I was inactive, but I'm slowly becoming more active. [[User:LotRfan01|LotRfan01]] 18:15, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

::::So should someone just create a new topic and then we can sort of create a character to Role Play in?--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:26, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

Forums:Orcs creation theory

2009-12-17T21:24:08Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


This may have already been covered, but i was thinking, since Yavanna sung about ents and they were made by Eru, and Manwe sung about eagles and were produced, maybe Morgoth sung about Orcs in the Music of the Ainur, and though it may sound bad Eru created them because as he proclaimed during the music

"Eru then publicly rebuked Melkor, saying that all music found its source in himself, and thus Melkor could not create his own song or truly alter the Themes of Ilúvatar. Thus, though Melkor opposed Eru to his last breath, he only furthered the cause of Ilúvatar in new and wondrous ways"

Thoughts?[[User:Flame of Anor|Flame of Anor]] 07:36, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

It's an interesting thought, and a possible theory; however the most commonly accepted theory is that the Orcs were created by Morgoth through the torture and mutilation of Elves. Still, it is never absolutely confirmed, so your theory might well be correct. You've come up with a good analysis of the text!--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 18:39, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

Also, since Fea (the flame imperishable) is given by Eru, the first orcs could be corrupted Elves, because the elves had Fea to begin with. But why would Eru continue to give the next and following generations of Orcs Hroa (body) Fea. Therefore, orcs could be formed from the song of Morgoth and Eru could have given them Fea because they serve a purpose in the grand scheme of Eru, as do the Eagles and Ents.[[User:Flame of Anor|Flame of Anor]] 07:46, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

Any more ideas [[User:Flame of Anor|Flame of Anor]]

Tolkien never made up his mind for good about the creation of orcs, and while I've seen a number of very interesting theories none of them is any better than any other given our knowledge at the present time (which is not likely to change).

That said, Tolkien did have some interesting musings in Texts VII and VIII of "Myths Transformed", which can be found in _The History of Middle-earth X: Morgoth's Ring_. He posits that Orcs did fëar (souls). He also considers the possibility of the music being the source of Orcs as it was the source of other evils, but he goes on to suggest otherwise.

I hope that did more clarification than confusion. :) [[User: Eldorion|Eldorion]]

I can understand the first creation and mutilation of Orcs into Elves, or Melkor's song of a short (stunted), elf-like species (Hobbits?) that was twisted with Melkor into evil, but after the first few were created, how did they reproduce? I never heard of a female Orc.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:19, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Although it does not explicitly state the existence of female orcs, it is implied that they exist in many places. In the Silmarillion it says that "the Orcs had life and multiplied after the manner of the children of Illúvatar..." what that is saying is that the must have had Orc females in order to reproduce, it being the same manner that both humans and elves use. [[User:LotRfan01|LotRfan01]] 04:36, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

I cant really imagine...My God. If you are reading this, DO NOT TRY TO THINK ABOUT IT! I already regret my mistake...--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:24, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

Telperion

2009-12-15T02:58:00Z

Galdor of the Havens:

'''Telperion''', [[Valarin]] '''[[Ibrîniðilpathânezel]]''', was the elder of the [[Two Trees of Valinor]], called the '''White Tree''', which shed silver light on the domain of the [[Valar]]. His leaves were of dark green, shining silver beneath, and his boughs were decked with brilliant flowers that shed a rain of silver dew.

Telperion endured throughout the [[Years of the Trees]], but came to an end in the dreadful event known as the [[Darkening of Valinor]]. Even though the elder tree did not survive, he was not the last of the White Trees. Yavanna had made an image of him in [[Tirion]], called [[Galathilion]], from whom the [[White Tree of Númenor|White Trees of Númenor]] and later of [[White Tree of Minas Tirith|Minas Tirith]] were descended. More importantly, one of Telperion's flowers survived the Darkening, and was set aloft by the Valar; this was the light we call the [[Moon]].
==Etymology==
Telperion caomes from [[telepe]] "silver" . The exact etymology of the -rion part is not entirely clear, but it can mean something like "great wreathed one" (Cf. ''[[ría]], [[rielle]]'').
==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | |TEL| | | | | LAU=[[Laurelin]]|TEL=[[Telperion]]<br><small>destroyed</small>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |GAL| | | | | GAL=[[Galathilion]]<br><small>Made in the image of Telperion}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |CEL| | | CEL=[[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |NIM| | | NIM=[[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G1| | | | |G1=<small>First tree of Gondor ([[Minas Ithil]])<small>}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G2| | | | |G2=<small>Second tree of Gondor ([[Minas Anor]])</small> }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G3 | | | | |G3=<small>Third tree of Gondor ([[Minas Tirith (Gondor)|Minas Tirith]])</small> }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G4 | | | | |G4=<small>Fourth tree of Gondor (Minas Tirith)</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}

The [[Quenya]] form was actually "Tyelperion" but Quenya adopted ''[[telpë]]'' from [[Telerin]]<ref>[[Unfinished Tales]] p. 266</ref>.
{{references}}
[[Category:Creations of the Valar]]
[[Category:Trees]]
[[category:Quenya names]]
[[category:Telerin names]]

Galathilion

2009-12-15T02:57:38Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{expansion}}'''Galathilion''', the '''White Tree''' made by [[Yavanna]] for the [[Elves]] of the city of [[Tirion]] and a descendant of [[Telperion]] although it gave no light.

It grew in a high open courtyard beneath the [[Tower of Ingwë]].

From it came [[Celeborn, White Tree|Celeborn]], the [[White Tree]] of [[Tol Eressëa]]; through which it became the ancestor of [[Nimloth of Númenor]] and the [[White Tree of Minas Tirith]].
==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | |TEL| | | | | LAU=[[Laurelin]]|TEL=[[Telperion]]<br><small>destroyed</small>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |GAL| | | | | GAL=[[Galathilion]]<br><small>Made in the image of Telperion}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |CEL| | | CEL=[[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |NIM| | | NIM=[[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G1| | | | |G1=<small>First tree of Gondor ([[Minas Ithil]])<small>}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G2| | | | |G2=<small>Second tree of Gondor ([[Minas Anor]])</small> }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G3 | | | | |G3=<small>Third tree of Gondor ([[Minas Tirith (Gondor)|Minas Tirith]])</small> }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G4 | | | | |G4=<small>Fourth tree of Gondor (Minas Tirith)</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}

[[Category:Creations of the Valar]]
[[Category:Trees]]
[[de:Galathilion]]
[[fi:Galathilion]]

Nimloth (tree)

2009-12-15T02:56:49Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{youmay|the [[White Tree]] of [[Númenor]]|[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]], the wife of [[Dior Eluchíl]]}}

'''Nimloth''' was the White Tree which grew in the [[King's Court]] in [[Armenelos]] of [[Númenor]]. It was brought as a gift by the [[Eldar]] from [[Tol Eressëa]], in the form of a seedling from [[Celeborn, White Tree|Celeborn]] as a symbol of friendship between the two races. Its blossoms appeared as the [[Sun]] set, and their perfume filled the night in [[Númenor]]'s royal city.

Soon after [[Second Age 3262|S.A. 3262]], it was cut at the instigation of [[Sauron]] and his wood used to lit the first flames in the fire of the new religion which worshipped [[Melkor]].

However, the night before [[Isildur]] stole a fruit from the tree and when he escaped the [[Downfall of Númenor]] he took it with him towards [[Middle-earth]]. The fruit grew into a seedling that Isildur carried to [[Middle-earth]] with him during the [[Downfall of Númenor]]. That seedling was planted in [[Minas Ithil]], and was destroyed before the end of the [[Second Age]]. Its seedling in turn grew into the first [[White Tree of Minas Tirith]].
==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | |TEL| | | | | LAU=[[Laurelin]]|TEL=[[Telperion]]<br><small>destroyed</small>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |GAL| | | | | GAL=[[Galathilion]]<br><small>Made in the image of Telperion}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |CEL| | | CEL=[[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |NIM| | | NIM=[[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G1| | | | |G1=<small>First tree of Gondor ([[Minas Ithil]])<small>}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G2| | | | |G2=<small>Second tree of Gondor ([[Minas Anor]])</small> }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G3 | | | | |G3=<small>Third tree of Gondor ([[Minas Tirith (Gondor)|Minas Tirith]])</small> }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |G4 | | | | |G4=<small>Fourth tree of Gondor (Minas Tirith)</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}

==References==
*''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Akallabêth]]

[[Category:Trees]]
[[Category:Númenor]]

Galathilion

2009-12-15T02:55:25Z

Galdor of the Havens:

Nimloth (tree)

2009-12-15T02:53:38Z

Galdor of the Havens:

Utumno

2009-12-15T02:51:45Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{expansion}}'''Utumno''' ([[Quenya]] for "Underworld" or "Hell", '''[[Udûn (stronghold)|Udûn]]''' in [[Sindarin]]) was the first fortress of [[Melkor]] in the far north of Middle-earth.

Utumno was built by Melkor after his first expulsion from [[Arda]]. The [[Valar]] had by this time created the [[Two Lamps]], and Utumno was built around Valian Year 3400 under the [[Iron Mountains]], where the light of [[Illuin]] was very dim.

Melkor used Utumno as his base of operations for 1,149 [[Valian Years]] (11,000 solar years), and from here he destroyed the Two Lamps and began his corruption of Arda. Utumno was also where the first captured [[Elves]] were taken and the breeding of [[Orcs]] began. It was the largest architectural structure ever to have existed, surpassing [[Angband]] and [[Thangorodrim]] in the [[First Age]] and [[Barad-dûr]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]].

Utumno was laid waste in the [[Years of the Trees]], Valian Year 1099, in the war that the Valar began against Melkor because of their discovery of the Elves. Melkor was chained and dragged as a captive to [[Valinor]].

Melkor established a second fortress at the western end of the [[Ered Engrin]] to act as the first line of defense for Utumno. This became [[Angband]], which was at first held by [[Sauron]]. After the destruction of Utumno, Melkor chose to rebuild and fortify Angband as his lair.

[[Category:Structures]]
[[Category:Fortresses of Evil]]

Angband

2009-12-15T02:51:11Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{expansion}}{{cleanup}}{{sources}}

{{location
| image= [[Image:Angband Sotomayor.jpg|250px]]
| name= Angband
| type= fortress
| location= North [[Beleriand]]
| inhabitants= [[Melkor]], [[Sauron]], [[Orcs]], [[Dragons]]
| realms=
| description= primarily an underground fortress; the main feature above ground were the [[Thangorodrim]].
| othernames=
| etymology= ''[[ang]]'' = "iron", ''[[band]]'' = "prison"
| events= Besieged by [[Noldor]], destroyed at the [[War of Wrath]].
| references=
|}}
{{Pronounce|Angband.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Angband''' ('Iron Prison' or 'Hell of Iron'; [[ang]] = iron, [[band]] = prison, duress) was a mighty fortified citadel originally constructed by [[Melkor]] in the earliest days of the world as an outlying fortress to his northern stronghold of [[Utumno]]. [[Utumno]] was destroyed by the [[Valar]], and [[Melkor]] imprisoned in [[Valinor]] for three ages, but on his return to [[Middle-earth]], he took Angband as the seat of his power, and raised the towers of [[Thangorodrim]] above its gates.

Angband was besieged by the [[Noldor]] during the early part of the [[First Age]], but the Siege of Angband was broken at the [[Dagor Bragollach]]. It was finally destroyed by the forces of the [[Valar]] at the end of the [[First Age]], in the [[War of Wrath]].

==History==
[[Melkor]] built Angband during the [[Years of the Trees]], originally as an outlying fortress and armoury to his great northern citadel at [[Utumno]]. It was commanded from its first construction by Sauron, the chief of [[Melkor]]'s servants. Angband was built near the northwestern shores of the [[Great Sea]] in the range of the [[Iron Mountains]], as a first defence against any attack on Melkor's realm from the Valar in Aman.

When the [[Valar]] captured [[Melkor]] and took him in chains back to [[Valinor]], Angband was largely destroyed and lay in ruins for many thousands of years, although beneath the ruins lay many hidden chambers in which some of Melkor's servants escaped the Valar's assault. Sauron was one of these, and the Balrogs lay hid with him in Angband's deepest vaults.

Angband re-entered history when [[Melkor]] escaped [[Valinor]] with the stolen [[Silmarils]]: he chose the ruined fortress as his new capital, and rebuilt the [[Hells of Iron]] as a base for the dark reign he intended for the lands of [[Middle-earth]].

Soon after the Return of the [[Noldor]] to [[Beleriand]], [[Morgoth]] took [[Maedhros]] [[Fëanor]]'s son by deceit and trickery, and hung him by the wrist from the towers of [[Thangorodrim]] above Angband. He was rescued by [[Fingon]] and [[Thorondor]], but lost his right hand.

[[Image:angband2.gif|thumb|200px|right|Location of Angband]]
The third of the great battles in the [[Wars of Beleriand]], the [[Dagor Aglareb]], had profound consequences for Angband. Until that time (about the year 75 of the [[First Age]]) [[Morgoth]] sent out hosts of [[Orcs]] in the hope of taking the [[Noldor]] by surprise. The [[Noldor]], though, chased these [[Orcs]] back to the very gates of Angband, and slew them to the last creature. From then until the [[Dagor Bragollach]] in F.A. 455, a period of almost 400 years, Angband was surrounded by the [[Noldor]]; this is the time known as the Siege of Angband.

==Appearance and Construction==
Angband was primarily an underground fortress, at least after its initial destruction by the [[Valar]] in the [[Years of the Trees]]. Like its prototype, [[Utumno]], it had many hidden underground chambers and vaults far beneath the earth. Its main features above ground were the three peaks of the [[Thangorodrim]], mighty towers of ash and slag raised above Angband's gates.
The peaks of Thangorodrim were hollow, and from them channels and chimneys ran down to the deepest pits of Angband. So, [[Morgoth]] could produce poisonous clouds and vapours, as indeed he sent against the [[Noldor]] in [[Mithrim]] during the first days after their Return.

[[Category:Realms]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Fortresses of Evil]]
[[de:Angband]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:angband]]
[[fi:Angband]]

Sea of Helcar

2009-12-15T02:48:48Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{expansion}}{{sources}}The '''Sea of Helcar''' (also spelled '''Helkar''') was a great inland sea which existed in the north of [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Years of the Trees]] and the [[First Age]].

In the beginning of [[Arda]], the [[Valar]] created the [[Two Lamps]] and two great towers on which to place them. Due to [[Melkor|Melkor's]] deceit these were destroyed, and where [[Helcar]], the northern tower, had stood a great inland sea was formed. This became the ''Sea of Helcar''.

[[Cuiviénen]], where the [[Elves]] first [[Awakening of the Elves|awoke]], was a gulf in the Sea of Helcar. Later, during the [[Great Journey]], the Elves travelled to the north of the Sea through [[Wilderland]] on their way to [[Beleriand]].

After the [[War of Wrath]] at the end of the [[First Age]], the Sea of Helcar was drained through the [[Great Gulf]] and disappeared.

==Fate==
Christopher Tolkien and others have speculated that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] might "be identified with the Sea of Helkar, vastly shrunken" (''[[The War of the Jewels]]''). In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] assumed that the lands of [[Mordor]], [[Khand]], and [[Rhûn]] lay where the Sea of Helcar had been, and that the Sea of Rhûn and [[Sea of Núrnen]] were its remnants. In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' there are references to the Sea of Rhûn existing in the First Age, but no indication as to whether it should be equated with the Sea of Helcar or not.

[[Category:Lakes]]
[[Category:Eastern Lands]]

Talk:Wargs

2009-12-15T02:34:32Z

Galdor of the Havens:

-More refrences (always need more)

-More Links (Always a good thing)

-More info

-Better organization

-More Images

-Expansive Portrayal in adaptations

-quotes

--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 22:03, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

Talk:Wargs

2009-12-13T22:03:00Z

Galdor of the Havens: New page: I don't see any other posts about this needing rewriting and the rewrite image was up before this post, so I'll say what I think this article needs. -More refrences (always need more) -Mo...

I don't see any other posts about this needing rewriting and the rewrite image was up before this post, so I'll say what I think this article needs.

-More refrences (always need more)
-More Links (Always a good thing)
-More info
-Better organization
-More Images
-Expansive Portrayal in adaptations
-quotes
--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 22:03, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

Forums:Galdor of the ????

2009-12-13T17:39:03Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


If you are not farmiliar with the name, Galdor of the Havens was present at the Council of Elrond representing Círdan the Shipwright and the elves of Mithlond. Though it is doubted by some, I believe Galdor of the Havens to also be Galdor of the Trees. Galdor of the trees was leader of the House of the Trees in Gondolin and was known to be the second bravest Elf in Gondolin save King Turgon, the original weilder of Glamdring. He was most dangerous wielding a club or a spear (and, for practical purposes during the Fall of Gondolin, a bow). Galdor escaped the Fall of Gondolin with Tour and Indril as one of the few surviving lords of the houses. He later left Beriland for Valinor. Yet, what if he was sent back? Like Glorfindel of Rivendell, Galdor of the Havens may have been one of the few to actually make the journy from Aman to Middle Earth. He may have had a mission from the Valar to help in those troubled times. He could have been sent to help ferry the Elves from the dangers of Middle Earth, or to be present during the Council of Elrond. The fact that he was even sent to represent Mithlond during the council shows that he may be more powerful then we credit to him. He may have made the trip across the sea many times, seeing that he is one of the relatively few Mithlond Elves. During these trips, he may have transported elves and tidings to Valinor and information and gifts back. That is my opinion on the matter. Any others?--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:23, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

:Tolkien had this to say about it [&zwnj;[[The Peoples of Middle-earth|PME]] [[Last Writings|3 XIII]] note 1]: <blockquote>It may be noted that ''Galdor'' is another name of similar sort and period of origin, but he appears as a messenger from Círdan and is called Galdor of the Havens. ''Galdor'' also appeared in ''The Fall of Gondolin'', but the name is of a more simple and usual form [than ''Glorfindel''] and might be repeated. But unless he is said in ''The Fall of Gondolin'' to have been slain, he can reasonably be supposed to be the same person, one of the Ñoldor who escaped from the siege and destruction, but fled west to the Havens, and not southwards to the mouths of Sirion, as did most of the remnant of the people of Gondolin together with Tuor, Idril, and Earendil. He is represented in ''The Council of Elrond'' as less powerful and much less wise than Glorfindel; and so evidently had not returned to Valinor, and been purged, and reincarnated.</blockquote> and [PME 3 XIII note 3]: <blockquote>Galdor in contrast, even in the brief glimpses we have in the Council, is seen clearly as an inferior person, and much less wise. He, whether he appears in ''The Silmarillion'' or not, must be either (as his name suggests) a Sindarin Elf who had never left Middle-earth and seen the Blessed Realm, or one of the Ñoldor who had been exiled for rebellion, and had also remained in Middle-earth, and had not, or not yet, accepted the pardon of the Valar and returned to the home prepared for them in the West, in reward for their valour against Melkor.</blockquote> To which Christopher adds [''ibidem'', note 1]:<blockquote>[See note 3. - The words ‘the name [Galdor] is of a more simple and usual form [than Glorfindel] and might be repeated’ show that on the lost first page my father had discussed (as he would do in the following text) the possibility that there were two distinct persons named Glorfindel, and had concluded that it was too improbable to be entertained. - ‘But unless he is said in ''The Fall of Gondolin'' to have been slain’: my father would probably have been hard put to it to lay his hand on ''The Fall of Gondolin'', and without consulting it he could not say for certain what had been Galdor’s fate (this, I take it, is his meaning). In fact, Galdor was not slain, but led the fugitives over the pass of Cristhorn while Glorfindel came up at the rear (II.191 - 2), and in the ‘Name-list to ''The Fall of Gondolin''’ (II.215) it is said that he went to Sirion’s mouth, and that ‘he dwelleth yet in Tol Eressea’. He was the lord of the people of the Tree in Gondolin, and of him it was said in the old tale that he ‘was held the most valiant of all the Gondothlim save Turgon alone’ (II.173).]</blockquote> and [''ibidem'', note 3]:<blockquote>[The view of Galdor expressed in this note and in note 1 seems hardly justified by the report of his contributions to the Council of Elrond; and if he were indeed Galdor of Gondolin he had had long ages in which to acquire wisdom in the hard world of Middle-earth. But there is no reason to suppose that when my father wrote the chapter ''The Council of Elrond'' he associated Galdor of the Havens with Galdor of Gondolin.]</blockquote> The conclusion from what Tolkien wrote here is that either ''Galdor of the Havens'' was not identical to ''Galdor of the Trees'', or he was and had not been back to the Undying Lands (not to Valinor - the returning Noldor were not permitted to settle there). In the latter case the information from BLT2 that ‘he dwelleth yet in Tol Eressea’ would have been superseded, as so much from the ''Lost Tales'' was. -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 18:01, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

I had no knowledge of these notations, and I am very impressed! Though this does lead me to wonder why Tolkien has not been able to impose any other name on the two elves. It seems that Tolkien's work has escaped his grasp even during his life. The world he created may have been, even subconsiosly, liked with connections beyond our, or his, understanding. I still wonder why it was Galdor, not Círdan, who represented the people of Mithlond. I think that two possibilities exist. Either Círdan was busy ferrying Elves away to Aman and sent his second in command, Galdor, to this pivotal meeting, or Círdan supposed that Galdor was better up to the task, even to the point of delivering the Ring, than he was. Both possibilities show that Galdor must have been a powerful Elf. Maybe many Mithlond Elves make the Straight Road back to Middle Earth. I do not know what Tolkien intended, but it seems that there is more to this Elf than we think.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 17:39, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

Doors of Durin

2009-12-10T21:59:39Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{sources}}
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Password Into Moria.jpg|thumb|''Password Into Moria'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]{{qtlisten|Annon edhellen, edro hi ammen.|Gate of the Elves, open now for me|[[Gandalf]]|Gandalf - Annon edhellen, edro hi ammen.ogg}}

The '''Doors of Durin''' were built into the [[Walls of Moria]] in the dark cliffs of the [[Silvertine]], and formed the [[West-gate|Western entrance]] to the great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] city of [[Khazad-dûm]].

==Construction==

The Doors were constructed in cooperation with the artificers of the [[Elves|Elven]] Kingdom of [[Hollin]], sometime between [[Second Age]] 750 and 1500. These were the days before [[Sauron]]'s dominion in [[Middle-earth]], and the friendship between Elven and Dwarven kingdoms was a rare and special event. During this peaceful time the Doors stood open, allowing unfettered trade, but with the beginning of the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] the Doors were sealed shut. When Khazad-dûm was abandoned in [[Third Age]] 1980 the way of opening the Doors was forgotten. The two greatest craftsmen of the Second Age, the [[Noldor|Elf]]-lord [[Celebrimbor]] and the [[Dwarf]] [[Narvi]], built the Doors.

==Appearance==

[[Image:J.R.R._Tolkien_-_Doors_of_Durin.jpg|left|thumb|150px|''The Doors of Durin'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (as printed in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Book II, Ch. 4 - [[A Journey in the Dark]]).]]They were made like a flush door, the jambs invisible to the eye, and matched so perfectly with the mountain rock that when closed the Doors could not be seen. The slabs were made by Narvi out of a grey material stronger than stone, and inlayed by Celebrmbor with ''[[ithildin]]'', which can only be seen in starlight and moonlight. When visible, the fine silver-like inlay showed a hammer and anvil (the emblems of [[Durin]]), a crown and seven stars, two trees surmounted by crescent moons, and a single star (the emblem of the [[House of Feanor]]). The inscription on the archivolt read:

<blockquote>''"Ennyn Durin Aran Moria. Pedo Mellon a Minno. Im Narvi hain echant. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant. I thiw hin."''</blockquote>

<blockquote>"The Doors of Durin, Lord of Moria. Speak, friend, and enter. I, Narvi, made them. Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs."</blockquote>

The inscription was a riddle. The answer was a password that would cause the Doors to swing open. [[Merry Brandybuck]] eventually solves the riddle with the word "''[[Mellon]]''", which means "friend" in [[Sindarin]]. Shortly thereafter, the [[Watcher in the Water]] attacked the [[Fellowship of the Ring|Fellowship]] and shut the Doors behind them.

==Inconsistencies==
The name ''[[Moria]]'' means "Black Chasm" and was a derogatory description of the place which the Dwarves did not like much; it was given after the [[Durin's Bane]] took over the city. It is therefore a mystery why that name appears on an inscription made in the Second Age, and made in consent with the Dwarves.

[[Category:Gates]]
[[Category:Moria]]
[[de:Hulstentor]]

Orthanc

2009-12-10T21:50:42Z

Galdor of the Havens: /* History */ creating links to orphaned pages

{{location
| image=[[Image:Alan Lee-Orthanc.jpg|250px]]
| name=Orthanc
| othernames=[[Minas Anor]]
| etymology=[[S.]] of "Mount Fang"; see below
| type=Tower
| location=Near the [[Gap of Rohan]]
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]]; later [[Saruman]], [[Orcs]] and [[Uruk-hai]]
| realms=[[Rohan]]; [[Isengard]]
| description=Carved black Tower
| events=[[Battle of Isengard]]
| references=
|}}
'''Orthanc''' was the black tower of [[Isengard]].
== History ==
Orthanc was built during the [[Third Age]] by the [[Númenórean|Númenóreans]] of [[Gondor]] out of a single piece of stone by an unknown process and then hardened. No known weapon could harm it. Orthanc rose up 500 feet above the plain of Isengard, and ended in four sharp peaks. Its only entrance was at the top of a high stair, and above that was a small window.

Orthanc housed one of the [[palantíri]] of the South Kingdom, and was guarded by a special warden until Isengard was mostly abandoned by Gondor around the time of foundation of [[Rohan]]. After that the tower was [[Key of Orthanc|locked]].

When [[Beren, Steward of Gondor|Beren]], [[Ruling Steward]] of Gondor gave [[Isengard]] to [[Saruman]], he also gave the keys to Orthanc to the [[Istari|Wizard]]. Saruman made it his base of operations during his search for the [[One Ring]] and later his attack on [[Rohan]] during the [[War of the Ring]].
After Saruman's defeat he was confronted by [[Théoden]] King, [[Gandalf]] and [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]], at which time [[Gríma Wormtongue]], Saruman's servant, threw the Palantír at the group trying to kill them. Saruman was then locked in Orthanc and guarded by [[Treebeard]], but subsequently escaped.

During the [[Fourth Age]] Orthanc was searched by Aragorn King Elessar, and he found there many heirlooms of [[Isildur]], among them the original [[Elendilmir]], the Star of [[Arnor]], which proved that Saruman had found (and probably destroyed) Isildur's remains. Aragorn also found there a casket which obviously had been intended to hold the [[One Ring]].

== Description ==
[[Image:J.R.R._Tolkien_-_Orthanc.jpg|left|thumb|150px|''Orthanc'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]
{{quote|A great ring-wall of stone, like towering cliffs, stood out from the shelter of the mountain-side, from which it ran and then returned again... one who passed in and came at length out of the echoing tunnel, beheld a plain, a great circle, somewhat hollowed like a vast shallow bowl: a mile it measured from rim to rim. Once it had been green and filled with avenues, and groves of fruitful trees, watered by streams that flowed from the mountains to a lake. But no green thing grew there in the latter days of Saruman. The roads were paved with stone-flags dark and hard; and beside their borders instead of trees there marched long lines of pillars, some of marble, some of copper and of iron, joined by heavy chains.<p>"...to the centre all the roads ran between their chains. There stood a tower of marvelous shape. It was fashioned by the builders of old, who smoothed the Ring of Isengard, and yet it seemed a thing not made by the craft of [[Men]], but riven from the bones of the earth in the ancient torment of the hills. A peak and isle of rock it was, black and gleaming hard: four mighty piers of many-sided stone were welded into one, but near the summit they opened into gaping horns, their pinnacles sharp as the points of spears, keen-edged as knives. Between them was a narrow space, and there upon a floor of polished stone, written with strange signs, a man might stand five hundred feet above the plain.|''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[The Road to Isengard]]"}}
==Etymology==
{{Transcribed|Orthanc_tengwar.png|Orthanc|Tengwar, Sindarin mode}}

''Orthanc'' displays a curious double etymology since it has a meaning both in [[Old English]] and Tolkien's constructed language [[Sindarin]].

In Sindarin, it means for "Mount Fang", containing root ''[[or]]'' and the word ''[[tanc]]'' "tooth". In [[Old English]] (used to render [[Rohirric]]) ''orþanc'' or ''orþonc'' means "intelligence, understanding, mind; cleverness, skill; skillful work, mechanical art".

Tolkien gave both etymologies as valid and co-existing in [[Middle-earth]], and said that the [[Rohirrim]] reinterpreted and understood the word as such in their languages.

However another curiosity arises in that although Old English is used to "translate" Rohirric, the Rohirrim did not speak Old English. So, it is likely that it also had a different meaning in original Rohirric (although its etymology is not given).

[[Category:Towers]]
[[Category:Isengard and Saruman]]

Mordor

2009-12-10T21:43:50Z

Galdor of the Havens: /* Geography */

{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:Ted Nasmith - Across Gorgoroth.jpg|300px]]
| name = Mordor
| meaning = The Black Land
| type = Dictatorship
| headofstate = [[Sauron]]
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = [[Barad-dûr]]
| language = [[Black Speech]]
| location = East of [[Gondor]], South of [[Rhûn]]
| populous= [[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Nurn]] slaves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed =
| established = c. [[Second Age 1000|S.A. 1000]]
| fragmented = [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]]
| reorganized = [[Third Age 2943|T.A. 2943]]
| dissolved = [[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]]

}}
'''Mordor''' was the dwelling place of [[Sauron]], in the southeast of Middle-earth to the East of Anduin, the great river. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] went there to destroy the [[One Ring]]. Mordor was unique because of the three enormous mountain ridges surrounding it, from the North, from the West and from the South, that protected this land from an unexpected invasion by any of the people living in those directions.

== Geography ==
Mordor was protected from three sides by mountain ranges, arranged roughly rectangularly: [[Ered Lithui]] in the north, [[Ephel Dúath]] in the west, and an unnamed (or possibly still called Ephel Dúath) range in the south. A narrow pass led through Ephel Dúath and the fortress of [[Minas Morgul]] (earlier [[Minas Ithil]]) was guarding that; an even more difficult pass was guarded by the giant spider [[Shelob]] and the fortress of [[Cirith Ungol]]. Another known fortress was [[Durthang]] in northern Ephel Dúath.

In the northwest corner of Mordor the deep valley of [[Udûn]] was the only entrance for large armies, and that is where Sauron built the Black Gate of Mordor. In front of the [[Morannon]] lay the [[Dagorlad]] or the ''Battle Plain''. Sauron's main fortress [[Barad-dûr]] was at the foothills of [[Ered Lithui]]. To southwest of Barad-dûr lay the arid plateau of [[Gorgoroth]] and [[Mount Doom]]; to the east lay the plain of [[Lithlad]]. The land in the western parts of Mordor were largely infertile, producing only sparse [[Brambles of Mordor|brambles]].

The southern part of Mordor, [[Nurn]], was slighly more fertile, and moist enough to carry the inland [[sea of Núrnen]]. Nurn was made somewhat fertile because the ash blown from Mount Doom left its soil nutrient rich, thus allowing dry-land farming. Unfortunately, the inland sea of Núrn was salty, not freshwater.

To the west of Mordor was the narrow land of [[Ithilien]] with the city of [[Osgiliath]] and the great river [[Anduin]], to the northeast [[Rhûn]], and to the southeast, [[Khand]].

== Formation ==
Mordor was a relic of the devastating works of [[Morgoth]], apparently formed by massive volcanic eruptions. It was given the name Mordor already before Sauron settled there, because of its volcano [[Orodruin]] and its eruptions. Sauron however was the first to settle there.

== History ==

'''See also:''' [[Timeline]]

=== Early history ===

Sauron settled in Mordor 1,000 years after the end of the First Age, and it remained the pivot of his evil contemplations for the whole of the [[Second Age|Second]] and Third Ages of Middle-earth. In the north-western corner of this land stood Mount Doom or [[Orodruin]], where Sauron had forged the [[One Ring]]. Near Orodruin stood Sauron's stronghold [[Barad-dûr]]. After this time, Sauron was known as the [[Dark Lord|Dark Lord of Mordor]].

For two and a half thousand years, Sauron ruled Mordor uninterruptedly. Having wrought the Ring, it was from there that he launched the attack upon the Elves of [[Eregion]]. He was repelled by the Men of [[Númenor]]. He fought against the Men again, almost a thousand years later; that time, he was captured by the Númenóreans and brought to their island kingdom, eventually causing its destruction (see ''[[Akallabêth]]''). Immediately after [[Númenor]]'s destruction, Sauron returned to Mordor as a spirit and resumed his rule.

=== The Last Alliance and Third Age===

Sauron's rule was interrupted yet again when his efforts to overthrow the surviving Men and Elves failed, and they fought their way back to their foe's domain. After several years of siege, forces of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men came into Mordor. Sauron was defeated in a final battle on the slopes of Orodruin. For about a thousand years, Mordor was guarded by [[Gondor]] in order to prevent any evil forces from breaking out.

However Gondor had failed in the long run, and deprived of guard, Mordor began to fill with evil things again. [[Minas Ithil]] was conquered by the Nine [[Ringwraiths]]; other fortifications that were supposed to defend Gondor from the menace inside Mordor were turned into a means of shielding Mordor. By the time Sauron returned into Mordor after his false defeat in [[Dol Guldur]] (in the events that took place at the time of [[Bilbo Baggins]]'s [[The Hobbit|quest]]), Mordor was protected too well to be captured by any military might that was available in Middle-earth at the end of the Third Age. In the north of Mordor during the War of the Ring were the great garrisons and forges of war, while surrounding the bitter inland Sea of Núrnen to the south lay the vast fields tended for the provision of the armies by hordes of slaves brought in from lands to the east and south.

=== War of the Ring ===

During the War of the Ring, Sauron gathered all his forces to Mordor. After the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], a Host of the West went to the Black Gate. Sauron sent his army to destroy the Men of Gondor and Rohan, but then [[Frodo Baggins]] destroyed the One Ring and Mordor fell. The Dark Tower, the Black Gate and the Towers of Teeth collapsed to ruin. Mount Doom exploded. Both Sauron and his Ringwraiths were apparently destroyed.

After the ultimate defeat of Sauron, Mordor became mostly empty again as the [[Orcs]] inside it fled or were killed. Crippled by thousands of years of abuse and neglect, but capable of sustaining life, the land of Mordor was given to the defeated foes of Gondor as a consolation, as well as to the freed slaves of Nurn who were formerly forced to farm there to feed the armies of Mordor.

== Etymology ==
The term ''Mordor'' translates to "The Black Land" or "The Dark Land" in [[Sindarin]]. [[mor]] = "dark, black", [[dôr]] = "land" ([[The Silmarillion]], Appendix - Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names).

==Inspiration==
It is not uncommon for names in Tolkien's fiction to have relevant meanings in several languages, both those invented by Tolkien, and "real" ones, but this of course happens with any two languages.

*A proposed etymology is [[Old English]] ''morðor'', which means "mortal sin" and later "murder".
*''Mordor'' is also a name cited in some Nordic mythologies referring to a land where its citizens practice evil without knowing it, imposed on themselves by the society long created for that purpose.

Tolkien is reported to have identified Mordor with the volcano of [[Stromboli]] off Sicily.<ref>[[Clyde S Kilby]], [[Dick Plotz]] ([[1968]]), "Many Meetings with Tolkien: An Edited Transcript of Remarks at the December 1966 [[Mythopoeic Society|TSA Meeting]]", ''Niekas'' (Niekas Publications, New Hampshire, USA) (19): 39–40 Referred to at tolkienguide.com and by another publication of the Niekas editor. Referred to at [http://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/wordpress/?p=3 tolkienguide.com ] and by [http://efanzines.com/ERM/veh36.htm another publication of the Niekas editor].</ref>

==Portrayals==
In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] assumed that the lands of Mordor, [[Khand]], and [[Rhûn]] lay where the inland [[Sea of Helcar]] had been, and that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and [[Sea of Núrnen]] were its remnants. The atlas was however published before ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', where it turned out that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and Mordor existed already in the First Age.

The close proximity of Mount Doom and Barad-dûr in [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]] is non-canonical.

==See also==
* [[Sauron]]
* [[Barad-dûr]]
* [[Orodruin]]
* [[Black Gate]]

[[Category:Realms]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Mordor and Sauron]]

[[de:Mordor]]
[[fi:Mordor]]

Forums:Galdor of the ????

2009-12-10T21:23:49Z

Galdor of the Havens: New page: <div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''Tolkien Gateway > Council > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> Category:Council <!-- S...

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


If you are not farmiliar with the name, Galdor of the Havens was present at the Council of Elrond representing Círdan the Shipwright and the elves of Mithlond. Though it is doubted by some, I believe Galdor of the Havens to also be Galdor of the Trees. Galdor of the trees was leader of the House of the Trees in Gondolin and was known to be the second bravest Elf in Gondolin save King Turgon, the original weilder of Glamdring. He was most dangerous wielding a club or a spear (and, for practical purposes during the Fall of Gondolin, a bow). Galdor escaped the Fall of Gondolin with Tour and Indril as one of the few surviving lords of the houses. He later left Beriland for Valinor. Yet, what if he was sent back? Like Glorfindel of Rivendell, Galdor of the Havens may have been one of the few to actually make the journy from Aman to Middle Earth. He may have had a mission from the Valar to help in those troubled times. He could have been sent to help ferry the Elves from the dangers of Middle Earth, or to be present during the Council of Elrond. The fact that he was even sent to represent Mithlond during the council shows that he may be more powerful then we credit to him. He may have made the trip across the sea many times, seeing that he is one of the relatively few Mithlond Elves. During these trips, he may have transported elves and tidings to Valinor and information and gifts back. That is my opinion on the matter. Any others?--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:23, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

User:Galdor of the Trees

2009-12-10T21:22:02Z

Galdor of the Havens:

Though I love all of Tolkien's works, the Silmarillion is my favorite. That is all you need to know.
</center>[[Image:House-of-the-Tree.jpg|left|100px]]
The character, Galdor of the Trees, is one of the few high lords of Gondolin that escaped its fall. The character is good with a club and a spear and is the leader of the House of the Tree. My brother is Galdor of the Havens.

I consider myself an unorthodox reader of Tolkien's works, I believe he created such a beutiful and open ended world for the addition of infinite possibility. I am also an optimist, and make some radical connections with Tolkien's work (though I hold strongly to the ideal that it has NOTHING to do with the world around us).

Forums:Orcs creation theory

2009-12-10T21:19:50Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


This may have already been covered, but i was thinking, since Yavanna sung about ents and they were made by Eru, and Manwe sung about eagles and were produced, maybe Morgoth sung about Orcs in the Music of the Ainur, and though it may sound bad Eru created them because as he proclaimed during the music

"Eru then publicly rebuked Melkor, saying that all music found its source in himself, and thus Melkor could not create his own song or truly alter the Themes of Ilúvatar. Thus, though Melkor opposed Eru to his last breath, he only furthered the cause of Ilúvatar in new and wondrous ways"

Thoughts?[[User:Flame of Anor|Flame of Anor]] 07:36, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

It's an interesting thought, and a possible theory; however the most commonly accepted theory is that the Orcs were created by Morgoth through the torture and mutilation of Elves. Still, it is never absolutely confirmed, so your theory might well be correct. You've come up with a good analysis of the text!--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 18:39, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

Also, since Fea (the flame imperishable) is given by Eru, the first orcs could be corrupted Elves, because the elves had Fea to begin with. But why would Eru continue to give the next and following generations of Orcs Hroa (body) Fea. Therefore, orcs could be formed from the song of Morgoth and Eru could have given them Fea because they serve a purpose in the grand scheme of Eru, as do the Eagles and Ents.[[User:Flame of Anor|Flame of Anor]] 07:46, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

Any more ideas [[User:Flame of Anor|Flame of Anor]]

Tolkien never made up his mind for good about the creation of orcs, and while I've seen a number of very interesting theories none of them is any better than any other given our knowledge at the present time (which is not likely to change).

That said, Tolkien did have some interesting musings in Texts VII and VIII of "Myths Transformed", which can be found in _The History of Middle-earth X: Morgoth's Ring_. He posits that Orcs did fëar (souls). He also considers the possibility of the music being the source of Orcs as it was the source of other evils, but he goes on to suggest otherwise.

I hope that did more clarification than confusion. :) [[User: Eldorion|Eldorion]]

I can understand the first creation and mutilation of Orcs into Elves, or Melkor's song of a short (stunted), elf-like species (Hobbits?) that was twisted with Melkor into evil, but after the first few were created, how did they reproduce? I never heard of a female Orc.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:19, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Forums:Ways to Keep Active

2009-12-10T21:15:00Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]



Seeing as more people are returning, I think we should brainstorm more ways to keep everyone active. Aside from the "Featured Quote" and the "Collaborations," I think we coulf add a debate aspect. Many good topics arose from the forums, such as "Tom Bombadil: Man or Maia?" We should formalize a place and rules, etc. for this.

Secondly, over at LotrFanatics, they use simply forums and pages like we use, to create a whole Wiki-wide role-play with houses, races, etc.

Thoughts?

Wow, very interesting idea. Prehaps you can begin a Role Playing Forum!!!--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:15, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Forums:Middle Earth/Europe geography

2009-12-10T21:09:57Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


After looking for a map of Middle Earth on Google, I found this, which I think is really interesting:
[http://strangemaps.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/middle-earth.jpg]
I would post the actual image, but I don't know if it's copyrighted or anything, so it's better to be safe. Anyways, I would like to know if this is really how Tolkien intended it to be, or just some fan making something up. {{unsigned|Aragorn47}}

:This is made by a fan. It's a well known map, but sadly, not very accurate. Here's another attempt, by [[Andreas Moehnke]]: [http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Grid.html], and one by [[Ronald Kyrmse]]: [http://www.geocities.com/otsoandor/WasM-eE.htm]. Both are considerably better argued than this copy paste job. -- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 22:31, 11 March 2009 (UTC)
::I don't think it's a copy paste job. I do like it. The maps of Moehn and Kyrmse are simply overlays. That mystery map is a mixture, and it seems well researched to me. It's Middle-earth of say, Fifth Age. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 14:06, 8 October 2009 (UTC)
:::The problem with this map is not that it's a copy/paste job, it's that it changes the geography of Middle-earth. The Northwest of Middle-earth was a single continent, so there is no reason why, for instance, Bree would be north of the Shire. In fact, not much was farther north than the Shire - just look at one of the *true* maps of Middle-earth in the books. This is just a piece of fanon, and not a particularly good one at that. [[User:Eldorion|Eldorion]] 9 October, 2009

::::Tolkien did not intend his works to be based on Earth at all! Only when he first created his works did he even consider the notion, but he later denied it. Earth may have influenced the works, but this is a falsity.--[[User:Galdor of the Trees|Galdor of the Trees]] 18:17, 5 December 2009 (UTC)
:::::What I read in ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien|Letters]]'' says rather the opposite. So I'd be interested in what sources you have for your statement. -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 02:50, 7 December 2009 (UTC)
::::::Exactly what I wanted to say. Letters seems to make it quite obvious that he based the geography and even the chronology on Earth (at least, he actually stated that we would now be in the Seventh Age in the RW). [[User:ElfMaven|ElfMaven]] 23:21, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

This from Wikipedia Article-Middle Earth,
Correspondence with the geography of Earth

"As for the shape of the world of the Third Age, I am afraid that was devised 'dramatically' rather than geologically, or paleontologically."[13]

"...if it were 'history', it would be difficult to fit the lands and events (or 'cultures') into such evidence as we possess, archaeological or geological, concerning the nearer or remoter part of what is now called Europe; though the Shire, for instance, is expressly stated to have been in this region."[14]

And this from another Source (http://www.squidoo.com/j-r-r-tolkien-mp3?utm_campaign=direct-discovery&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_source=Makita)

Tolkien said that his Middle-earth is located on our Earth, but in a fictional period in the past, estimating the end of the Third Age to about 6,000 years before his own time.(Letters, no. 211, footnote) '''He was later to reject this notion, and state that Middle-earth was not at a physically distant time, but rather "at a different stage of imagination".'''Gerrolt, Dennis Now Read On... interview''BBC, 1971 [http://www.geocities.com/misctolkien/tolkienradiointerview1971.ra]

I stated my points--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 21:09, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Forums:Gran Middle-Earth Visual Family Tree

2009-12-10T20:51:30Z

Galdor of the Havens:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Council]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]


http://www.wix.com/turk_182/Tolkien-Family-Tree

Hi everyone,

I just finished my work and just publish it to a new website of my own. It's a giant (about 19k x 19k pixels jpg of 118 Mb) family tree with pictures and rich text explanations of almost all characters of the different books. It's the first version of the work and can and will be updated. The original work was done on EXCEL but the Tree is a picture format.

Here is a sample.

http://img9.imageshack.us/i/sample5q.jpg/

http://img17.imageshack.us/i/sample3q.jpg/

http://img21.imageshack.us/i/61906365.jpg/

Come on my website to download it and comment it or even help me to complete it. Here is the address of the website http://www.wix.com/turk_182/Tolkien-Family-Tree

I also open a Group page on Facebook about the Tree. The Group page name is also Gran Middle-Earth Visual Family Tree Come on it to discuss about the Tree.

Thanks

:Great work :-D as you understand the biggest (and only) problem is the size and the format. It took my average pc some minutes to open it. A bitmap is a clumsy media to store data. If there are no issues concerning your intellectual property I would ask to consider providing the excel sheet for download. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 01:24, 12 November 2009 (UTC)

::Agree with Sage. I have not been able to find a program on my computer that will open the file - it's simply too big. -- [[User:Mithrennaith|Mithrennaith]] 17:40, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

I have always been wary of any downloads online whatsoever (because of my luck perhaps). Are any of these links to a full-size non-downloading image?--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 18:29, 5 December 2009 (UTC)
:No, but get an anti-virus software my friend :) [[User:Sage|Sage]] 09:40, 6 December 2009 (UTC)
:I know I should, but it can just be converted into an image format, right?--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 20:51, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Morgoth

2009-12-06T02:59:40Z

Galdor of the Havens: /* Time in Valinor */

{{evil infobox
| image=[[Image:Angel Falto - Morgoth.jpg|250px]]
| name=Morgoth
| othernames=See [[Morgoth#Names|names]]
| created=Before the [[Music of the Ainur]]
| years=c. [[Years of the Lamps 1|Y.L. 1]]-[[Years of the Lamps 1500|Y.L. 1500]], c. [[Years of the Lamps 3400|Y.L. 3400]]-[[Years of the Trees 1100|Y.T. 1100]], c. [[Years of the Trees 1500|Y.T. 1500]]-[[First Age 590|F.A. 590]]
| age=
| destroyed=Thrust into the [[Void]] [[First Age 590|F.A. 590]]
| realm=[[Utumno]], [[Angband]]
| gender=Male
| race=[[Ainur]]
| appearance=As [[Dark Lord]], assumed tall, dark, terrible form
| accomplishments=Disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur|Music]], [[Arda Marred|corrupted]] [[Arda]], created [[Orcs]], destroyed the [[Two Trees]], stole the [[Silmarils]], took over [[Beleriand]], destroyed the [[Two Lamps]]
|}}
'''Morgoth''', also known as '''[[Melkor]]''', was the greatest of the [[Ainur]]. He fell from glory when he disrupted the [[Music of the Ainur]] and defied the will of [[Eru Ilúvatar]]. Morgoth corrupted many of the Ainur to his allegiance, fought the [[Valar]], and corrupted [[Arda]]. His theft of the [[Silmarils]] and [[Wars of Beleriand|wars]] against [[Elves]] and [[Men]] encompassed much of the history of the [[First Age]]. Eventually, Morgoth was bound in chains by the Valar and thrown into the [[Void]], leaving the permanent damage his evils had done, and his servant [[Sauron]], to trouble the world. One day, according to [[Final Battle|prophecy]], Morgoth will rise again and be destroyed in the [[Dagor Dagorath]] by [[Túrin Turambar]].

==History==
The first and most powerful of the [[Ainur]] that [[Ilúvatar]] created was a spirit known as Melkor. Because he wandered through the [[Void]] in an attempt to find and use the [[Flame Imperishable]], the source of [[Ilúvatar]]'s creative activity, Melkor developed ideas unlike those of the other Ainur. His feelings grew rebellious against his creator, for he wished to create sentient beings to inhabit the Void and was dissatisfied by the fact that Ilúvatar had not done so. However, Melkor could not find the Flame, for it was not in the Void, but with Ilúvatar.

===The Music of the Ainur===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Melkor Weaves Opposing Music.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Melkor weaves Opposing Music'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
When the Ainur [[Music of the Ainur|made music]], Melkor weaved his strange thoughts into his song. His song clashed against the Theme of Ilúvatar, disturbing the Ainur around him and causing some of them to attune their music to his. For a while the Theme of Ilúvatar and the discords of Melkor warred against one another. But Eru smiled, and sent forth a new theme. Most of the Ainur joined with it, but Melkor rebelliously opposed it even more violently. At last many of the Ainur stopped singing in dismay, and Melkor’s discords gained dominance. Eru sent out a third Theme against Melkor, sweeter and more beautiful than the others, and unquenchable. But though Melkor could not defeat it, still he opposed it. At last Eru halted the music completely with a single chord.

Eru then publicly rebuked Melkor, saying that all music found its source in himself, and thus Melkor could not create his own song or truly alter the Themes of Ilúvatar. Thus, though Melkor opposed Eru to his last breath, he only furthered the cause of Ilúvatar in new and wondrous ways. Melkor was shamed and angered by this judgment, but hid his feelings. When Eru showed the Ainur the product of their music, [[Eä]], Melkor was one of those who begged to enter [[Arda]], pretending to be willing to cultivate it and guide it for Ilúvatar’s glory. He actually wished to dominate Arda and its creatures, especially the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Nonetheless, he was allowed to enter Eä and come to Arda with the other [[Valar]]. Once there, Melkor declared to his colleagues that he was the master of Arda henceforth. [[Manwë]], his brother, did not understand his evil, but fearing that Melkor might try and disrupt their labors in Arda, called forth many more Ainur to protect them. Melkor departed to the remote regions of Eä, leaving the world in peace for a while.

===Wars of the Valar===
But Melkor took form, great and terrible, and attacked the Valar’s work in preparing the Earth. There was war, and though Melkor disrupted their work and destroyed much, a great spirit named [[Tulkas]] came to Arda from other regions of Eä to combat him. After Tulkas drove Melkor away, the Valar managed to complete Arda, and the world was established.

The Valar dwelt in a land called [[Almaren]], and raised up [[two lamps]] to light the young earth: [[Illuin]] and [[Ormal]]. Melkor, meanwhile, had attracted the attention and even in a few cases admiration from the [[Maiar]], the lesser spirits of [[Arda]]. Melkor had many spies among them, and from them learned all that the Valar did, and bided his time. As the Valar sat down to a feast at the completion of their labors, Melkor gathered together those loyal to him, and looking down on the beautiful Arda was filled with hatred. Tulkas was wedded to [[Nessa]] at that feast, and she danced before the Valar. Tulkas fell asleep, and that is when Melkor struck.

Melkor with his host passed over the [[Walls of Night]] and returned to Arda once more. Without the watchfulness of Tulkas, the Valar were unaware of his coming, and he began to delve in the depths of the earth, making a fortress called [[Utumno]] beneath the mountains in the dimness of Illuin. The [[Spring of Arda]] became blighted as evil flowed out of the fortress. Death and illness took the green things of Arda, and animals fought and killed one another, while flies brooded in massive numbers. The Valar knew then that Melkor was at work, and sought his hiding place.

But Melkor struck the first blow. He destroyed the Two Lamps, and caused the world to be filled with flowing fire and surging water. The symmetry of Arda was broken. And in the darkness and confusion Melkor escaped, returning to Utumno. Though together the Valar were stronger than Melkor, they could not punish him at that time, for they needed their strength to keep the world from collapsing into ruin. The Spring of Arda had ended in turmoil.

===Dominance of Middle-earth===
With Almaren destroyed, the Valar departed to a new continent across the [[Belegaer|sea]], [[Aman]], and built [[Valinor]]. They also established new sources of light, the [[Two Trees]], to light the world. Melkor, meanwhile, wandered across the face of [[Middle-earth]], in various guises, but armed with cold and fire. Some of the Valar were unwilling to forsake Middle-earth, however; [[Ulmo]] and [[Yavanna]], particularly. Also [[Oromë]] would ride in Middle-earth, killing the terrors of Melkor, who began to fear that the Valar might rise up against him in wrath.

Melkor brooded in the north, breeding great monsters, attended by his Maiar-servants later known as [[Balrogs]]. He also created another fortress and armory called [[Angband]], in the northwest of Middle Earth, to resist any Valarin attacks. He placed his greatest servant, [[Sauron]], in control of that stronghold. Melkor, by wandering about, also learned of the awakening of the first of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], the [[Elves]]. He instilled fear in them, and slew or captured many of them. Some of those he captured, it is believed, may have been transformed into [[Orcs]] by torture and breeding.

===Time in Valinor===
The Valar were not long, however, in discovering the Elves. Fearing that they would be destroyed or corrupted by Melkor, Manwë decided that Ilúvatar wished them to recover Middle-earth at all costs. They laid [[Siege of Utumno|siege to Utumno]], and eventually destroyed it after a great battle during which the face of Middle-earth was transformed. Melkor was [[Captivity of Melkor|captured]] and chained with the chain [[Angainor]], but Sauron escaped. Melkor was imprisoned in the halls of [[Mandos]], and remained there for three ages, plotting revenge.

At the end of his time, Melkor was presented to his brother Manwë. Melkor, swallowing his pride with thoughts of vengeance, prostrated himself before the throne of Manwë, begging for pardon. Manwë granted him thus, though [[Ulmo]] and [[Tulkas]] were displeased with this judgement. Yet the Valar would not let him leave their sight, and he stayed in [[Valmar]]. Before long, he began to exert his corrupting influence on the Elves, especially the [[Noldor]]. For the [[Vanyar]] did not trust him, and the [[Teleri]] he thought too weak for his designs, but the Noldor were curious, and eager to learn what he could teach them.

===Revenge against the Valar===
[[Image:John Howe - Melkor and Ungoliant before the Two Trees.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''Melkor and Ungoliant before the Two Trees'' by [[John Howe]]]]
In time Melkor found his greatest adversary and yet greatest tool in the form of [[Fëanor]], the eldest son of [[Finwë]], [[High King of the Noldor]]. Fëanor was the creator of the [[Silmarils]], which Melkor lusted after. As Melkor subtly spread lies and half-truths about the Valar and the Coming of [[Men]] in the form of rumors, Fëanor was greatly influenced, though he hated Melkor himself and had no idea that he was their source. His new ideas of wide lands and realms to rule touched the heart of Fëanor, and the hearts of many other Noldor. They began to murmur against the Valar, and the peace of Valinor was disturbed. Fëanor soon stirred up trouble, and while on trial before the Valar it was revealed that Melkor was at the bottom of the murmurings and troubles. Tulkas left straightaway to deal with him, but found Melkor gone. He had escaped.

Melkor was not seen for a while, but then appeared at [[Formenos]] to Fëanor, tempting him with words of friendship, and an offer of vengeance against the Valar whom Fëanor perceived had wronged him. Fëanor wavered, but Melkor pressed his advantage too much. He touched a chord about the Silmarils, and Fëanor, seeing his designs and lust for the jewels, cursed and rejected him. Melkor departed in anger, and went south past the mountain of [[Hyarmentir]], to the shadowed valley of [[Avathar]] where there dwelt [[Ungoliant]], a mysterious dark spirit in spider-form once his servant, but who had disowned him after his failure. After some time he convinced her to dismiss her fears with the offer of rich rewards, and she wove a cloak of shadow about them both.

Then Melkor and Ungoliant attacked while there was festival in [[Valmar]]. Melkor drained the [[Two Trees]] with his lance, and Ungoliant drank the blood. Then she drank dry the [[Wells of Varda]], and the two fled north to [[Formenos]], leaving the land once more in darkness and confusion. At Formenos Melkor slew [[Finwë]] and ravished the treasury of Fëanor, including the [[Silmarils]]. Then he passed over the icy [[Helcaraxë]], entering once more into [[Middle-earth]]. He was soon back in [[Angband]]. He had struck swiftly and surely. But Fëanor cursed him, naming him [[Morgoth]], and by that name he was known ever after to the Eldar.

===Return to Beleriand===
Once in safety, Ungoliant turned on her partner, demanding the jewels of Fëanor. The spider had grown in size and strength, and Morgoth feared her suddenly. He reluctantly parted with each of the beautiful gems, and Ungoliant devoured them. But Morgoth refused to give up the Silmarils, though she tortured him. His screams went out to [[Gothmog (Lord of Balrogs)|Gothmog]] and the [[balrogs]], and they rescued him from her clutches, driving Ungoliant away with their whips. So Morgoth returned to Angband.

===Wars of Beleriand===
Morgoth rebuilt the fortress there, and learned of the Elves who had remained in Middle-earth. [[Elu Thingol]] and the [[Sindar]] dwelt in the woodland kingdom of [[Doriath]], while [[Círdan]] and the [[Teleri]] lived at the [[Falas]] and [[Denethor of the Nandor|Denethor]] and the [[Nandor]] camped in [[Ossiriand]]. Morgoth made war on Thingol, surrounding Doriath and cutting Thingol off from Círdan. But Thingol was able to contact Denethor for help, and the Nandor joined with the Sindar to fight the [[Orcs]] between [[Aros]] and [[Gelion]]. Caught between the two armies, the Orcs of Morgoth were utterly defeated in the [[First Battle]]. Fleeing north they were intercepted and further demolished by the [[Naugrim]]. The Orcs attacking Círdan were more successful – pushing the Teleri to the very edge of the sea.

====Dagor-nuin-Giliath====
Morgoth was confronted by further challenges when Fëanor landed in Middle-earth. They set up at [[Mithrim]], but Morgoth [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath|attacked them]] quickly, hoping to dislodge them before they settled in too much and became a threat. But the Elves were just come out of [[Aman]], and they had the light of that country in their eyes. The Orcs dreaded them, and were swept before them like chaff before wind. Fëanor pursued them even nigh to the [[Thangorodrim]] and the gates of [[Angband]], but Morgoth sent out Gothmog and his balrogs. Fëanor was killed, but the balrogs were driven back. The Falas were freed, and though Morgoth had practically lost [[Beleriand]] outside of the [[Ered Engrin]], he was comforted in the fact that Fëanor was dead.

====Dagor Aglareb====
Yet [[Fingolfin]] came next, with his sons and the sons of [[Finarfin]]. They marched even to the gates of Angband, and yet could not go farther. As the Elves began to build (or rebuild) their kingdoms in Middle-earth, Morgoth waited sixty years before he struck again. It was the [[Dagor Aglareb]], the “Glorious Battle”, called such because it was a great victory for the Elves. Fingolfin and [[Maedhros]], eldest son of Fëanor, combined their strength and repelled Morgoth. They then set up the [[Siege of Angband]], which was designed to keep Morgoth holed up in his fortress.

====Dagor Bragollach and Fingolfin====
[[Image:John Howe - Morgoth vs. Fingolfin.png|thumb|right|300px|''Morgoth vs. Fingolfin'' by [[John Howe]]]]Though Morgoth was not as helpless as he appeared, he remained dormant and hidden until [[First Age 455|455]]. Then he surged forth suddenly, taking the slackened besiegers by surprise. Flames covered the formerly green [[Ard-galen]] (causing the battle to be known as the [[Dagor Bragollach]]), and several Noldor-lords fell in the succeeding combat. Much of Beleriand was overrun and [[Dorthonion]] was taken, as were northern [[Sirion]] and [[Maglor's Gap]]. In a single stroke Morgoth had broken the Siege of Angband, but the victory was not as complete as he would have preferred. [[Himring]] and [[Hithlum]] had held against him. King [[Fingolfin]] was dismayed and enraged by the defeat, and went to Angband. There he challenged Morgoth to single combat. Morgoth dared not refuse, for fear of showing himself a coward in front of his servants. With [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]], the Hammer of the Underworld, he fought Fingolfin long. The Elf-lord gave him seven wounds, but at last was struck down. As Morgoth placed his foot on Fingolfin to crush him, Fingolfin struck one last time, and Morgoth’s blood filled the pools made by his hammer. Morgoth could not desecrate the body, for [[Thorondor]] flew into his face and escaped with the body.

====The Quest for the Silmaril====
For some time after that the world lay in watchful discomfort. The southern part of [[Beleriand]] was, for the most part, free from Morgoth’s direct wrath. There arose two in [[Doriath]], [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] of [[House of Bëor|Bëor’s House]] and [[Lúthien Tinúviel]], Thingol’s daughter. These two lovers embarked on the [[Quest for the Silmaril]], in the process removing [[Sauron]] from [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]] and entering Angband in disguise. Morgoth lusted after Lúthien when she stood exposed in his presence, but she danced for him and lured him to sleep with her magic robes. One of the Silmarils was stolen from his crown, and Morgoth bore only two until the [[War of Wrath]].

====Nirnaeth Arnoediad====
Some time after, in [[First Age 471|471]], [[Maedhros]] made a great [[Union of Maedhros|alliance]] with the [[Naugrim]], [[Edain]], and other [[Noldor]]. They marched to challenge Morgoth, clearing Beleriand of his scattered forces. But Morgoth through his spies anticipated their actions, and met them with his allies the [[Easterlings]] in a huge battle in which he prevailed, and many princes and rulers of Men, Elves, and Dwarves fell. Thus the battle was named ''[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]'', “Battle of Unnumbered Tears”. Morgoth’s victory was almost complete, as he razed [[Hithlum]], the [[Falas]], the [[March of Maedhros]], as well as [[Nargothrond]] in [[First Age 495|495]]. But [[Turgon the Wise|Turgon]], King of [[Gondolin]], escaped by the valiant actions of the [[House of Hador]], the last of the [[Edain]] in the north. The survivors had all gone down to the [[Isle of Balar]] and the [[Mouths of the Sirion]].

===The Curse of Morgoth===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Morgoth Punishes Húrin.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Morgoth Punishes [[Húrin]]'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Morgoth took [[Húrin]], who had been captured during the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and set him in the high places of Thangorodrim, to watch his family, whom Morgoth cursed. Upon the death of [[Túrin Turambar]] and [[Nienor]], Húrin’s children, Morgoth released Húrin to further his cause.

===The Fall of Gondolin===
Some time later, by the aid of [[Maeglin]], a traitor-elf, Morgoth discovered and laid siege to [[Gondolin]]. [[Turgon the Wise|Turgon]] King, the last male heir of Fingolfin’s house, was killed during the siege. Morgoth’s victory in the north was now complete, though he had lost [[Gothmog (Lord of Balrogs)|Gothmog]] his captain and marshall of his armies. and many other high-ranking officers in the battle. Also, a small remnant including [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]] escaped the destruction of the city, bearing their son [[Eärendil the Mariner|Eärendil]].

===The War of Wrath===
This was to be Morgoth’s doom, for some years later, Eärendil sailed to [[Valinor]] seeking the pardon of the [[Valar]]. This he earned, and the Valar advanced across [[Belegaer]] with a mighty host. Morgoth loosed all his demons and defenses against them, but could not stop their might. His dragons fell to the [[Eagles]], and [[Ancalagon]] was brought down by Eärendil himself from his ship, [[Vingilot]]. Morgoth was seized in his fortress Angband, the Silmarils were removed from his crown, and he was bound once more. This time, however, he was ejected from Arda and cast into the [[Void]]. But though he had been vanquished, Arda was forever marred, and there was one still at large to carry on his evil legacy, if to a far lesser degree: his greatest servant, the fallen Maia [[Sauron]].

==The Future==
Morgoth remains in the Void, unable to return to Arda as long as the Valar maintain their power over it. Nevertheless, according to the [[Second Prophecy of Mandos]], Morgoth will come back and attack Arda. He will fight a great battle, called the [[Dagor Dagorath]], against the Valar and their allies, but will ultimately be slain by [[Túrin Turambar]], the Man he cursed. By finally defeating Morgoth, Túrin will avenge not only himself, but all members of the race of Men, since Morgoth seduced them long ago.

==Legacy==
Morgoth's will was suffused into the matter of Arda, so in a sense he is never truly gone. Arda was [[Arda Marred|marred]] by him so deeply that only Eru could fully repair the damage. Those who wished to follow in Morgoth's footsteps, such as Sauron, found that by using his residual influence, they could easily corrupt races they wished to dominate.

==Characteristics==
[[Image:James Stirzaker - Melkor and the Silmarils.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Melkor and the Silmarils'' by [[James Stirzaker]]]]Morgoth had taken a form great and terrible, and was eventually unable to leave it. Traditionally he was covered head to foot in armor, though this is not specifically stated by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]. He received many scars and wounds over the ages: his hands were burned forever when he touched the Silmarils, Fingolfin wounded him seven times during their battle as well as a wound the foot that caused him ever after to limp, Thorondor scarred his face with his talons.

Morgoth wielded [[Grond (Hammer of the Underworld)|Grond]] in battle, a weapon he presumably forged himself in [[Angband]] (unless Sauron or Gothmog had held it safe after the [[Siege of Utumno]]). He also had great mental and physical power, at least in the earlier days, greater than any of the other [[Valar]].

==Names==
* ''Morgoth'' (''[[Bauglir]]'') – [[Q.]] “The Dark Enemy” (“The Constrainer”), given him by [[Fëanor]]
* ''Melkor'' – [[Q.]] “He who arises in might”
* ''Dark King (of Angband)'' – given him by [[Men]]
* ''[[Dark Lord]]''
* ''[[Belegur]]([[Belegurth|th]])'' – [[S.]] “Great Death”
* ''Lord of the Dark''
* ''Dark Hunter'' – Given him by the fearful early [[Elves]] before they met [[Oromë]]
* ''[[mbelekôro]]'' – [[C.E.]] Unknown meaning
* ''Great Enemy''
* ''Black Foe''
* ''Master of the fates of Arda'' - used by him when speaking to [[Húrin]]
* ''[[Elder King]]'' - used when speaking to [[Húrin]]
* ''Melko, Belcha, Melegor, Meleko'' – Earlier names Tolkien used but abandoned

==Minions==
* [[Sauron]] – Greatest of his servants, later to become [[Lord of the Rings]], perished with the [[One Ring]]
* [[Gothmog (Lord of Balrogs)|Gothmog]], [[Lord of Balrogs]] – killed by [[Ecthelion of the Fountain]] during the [[Fall of Gondolin]]
* [[Glaurung]] – [[Father of Dragons]], killed by [[Túrin Turambar|Túrin]]
* [[Ancalagon]] – Greatest of the [[Winged Dragons]], slain by [[Eärendil the Mariner|Eärendil]]
* [[Othrond]] – (noncanon) [[Orc]]-general during the Fall of Gondolin, killed by [[Tuor]]
* [[Lungorthin]] - (noncanon) A Balrog, Master of the Guard of Angband

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Morgoth|Images of Morgoth]]

[[Category:Valar]]
[[de:Morgoth]]

Men

2009-12-06T02:54:50Z

Galdor of the Havens:

{{race
| image= [[Image:Brothers Hildebrandt - Ghân-buri-Ghân.jpg|300px]]
| name= Men
| dominions= [[Númenor]], [[Gondor]], [[Arnor]], [[Rohan]], [[Dunland]], [[Harad]], [[Khand]], [[Forochel]]
| languages= [[Taliska]], [[Adûnaic]], [[Rohirric]], [[Westron]], etc.
| height=
| skincolor=
| haircolor= Black, brown, blond, white and grey (in later years)
| distinctions= [[Gift of Men|Mortality]], [[Dominion of Men|inheritors of the rule]] of [[Middle-earth]]
| lifespan= c. 70 years (except [[Númenóreans]])
| members= [[Bëor]], [[Haleth]], [[Marach]], [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]], [[Uldor]], [[Elros]], [[Aragorn II]]
}}
{{quote|West, North, and South the children of Men spread and wandered, and their joy was the joy of the morning before the dew is dry, when every leaf is green.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Men]]}}
'''Men''' (when written with a capital letter, this word refers to the human race and does not denote gender) were one of the Kindreds of the [[Children of Ilúvatar]]. Men were called the [[Secondborn]] by the [[Elves]], their [[Elder Children of Ilúvatar|Elder]] brethren, because they were the last of all the [[Mirröanwi|incarnate]] races to come into being. Though they were born after the other sentient races, Men were destined to inherit and [[Dominion of Men|rule]] [[Middle-earth]].

==Origins and Nature==

The race of Men is the second race of beings created by the Supreme God, [[Ilúvatar]]. Because they [[Awakening of Men|awoke]] at the start of the [[First Age]] of the Sun, while the [[Elves]] awoke three Ages before them, they are called the Secondborn ([[Quenya]]: ''Atani'', [[Sindarin]]: ''[[Edain]]'') by the Elves. Men awoke in a land located in the far east of Middle-earth called [[Hildórien]]. When the Sun rose for the first time in the far West, Men began to wander towards it, a journey which culminated in some of them reaching Beleriand centuries later.

There is much evidence that, soon after their awakening, Morgoth came to Men and incited them to worship him and turn away from Ilúvatar, and that they complied. This makes Men the only race to have fallen completely under the Shadow, which may account for their propensity to do wrong. Though all were seduced by the Enemy, some Men repented and escaped; they were said to be the ancestors of the Edain.

Men bear the so-called ''[[Gift of Men]]'', mortality. Elves are immortal, in the sense that even if their bodies are slain, their spirits remain bound to the world, going to the [[Halls of Mandos]] to wait until they are released or the world ends. Elves are tied to the world for as long as it lasts. When Men die, they are released from [[Arda]] and the bounds of the world and have rest from its troubles. However, the influence of Morgoth has caused Men to fear their fate, and view Death as a Doom instead of a Gift.

==Groups and Alignments==

Although all Men are related to one another, there are many different groups with different cultures. The most important group in the tales of the [[First Age]] were the Edain. Although the word Edain technically refers to all Men, the Elves used it to distinguish those Men who fought with them in the First Age against [[Morgoth]] in [[Beleriand]]. The Edain were divided into three Houses.

The First House of the Edain was the [[House of Bëor]], and entered Beleriand in 305 FA and were granted the fief of [[Ladros]] in [[Dorthonion]] by [[Finrod Felagund]]. The Second House of the Edain, the [[Haladin]], was led by Haldad and later by his daughter Haleth and settled in the Forest of Brethil. The Third House, which became the greatest, was led by [[Marach]] and later his descendant [[Hador]], and they settled in [[Dor-lómin]]. This house was known both as the House of Marach and the [[House of Hador]].

Other Men did not cross the [[Misty Mountains]] or fight against Morgoth. However, some, such as the Easterlings, fought openly on his side. In later Ages, the Haradrim and Easterlings would fight on Sauron's side against the descendants of the Edain. Here below follow the short descriptions of the most important groups of Men in the First, Second and Third Ages.

===[[Edain]] and [[Dúnedain]]===

As a reward for their services and assistance rendered to the Elves and the Valar in the [[War of Wrath]] at the end of the First Age, the Edain received a new land of their own from the Valar, between Middle-earth and the [[Undying Lands]]. This was the land of [[Númenor]], an island in the form of a five-pointed star that was far away from the troubles of Middle-earth.

They were led to this island by [[Elros]] with the help of his father [[Eärendil]], who sailed the heavens as the bright star of the same name and guided the ships of the Edain to Númenor. Once they arrived, Elros became the first King of Númenor and took the name Tar-Minyatur. The Edain became known as the Númenóreans or Dúnedain (Sindarin for ''Men of the West''). The kingdom of Númenor grew steadily in power, and the Dúnedain became the noblest and highest of all Men on Arda. In their early days, the Dúnedain remained allied to the Elves of Middle-earth, and aided them in battle against Morgoth's lieutenant [[Sauron]].

As the Men of the West increased in power and happiness, they came to resent the Gift of Men, Death. They wished to become immortal like the Elves and enjoy their possessions for all time. Most of the Númenóreans, including the line of the Kings, began to turn away from the Valar, and spoke against the Ban of the Valar that forbade them to sail west beyond sight of Númenor or to enter [[Valinor]]. The Númenóreans also became increasingly hostile to all Elvish influences in their realm, and in 2899 of the [[Second Age]], Ar-Adûnakhôr became the first king of Númenor to take his royal name in [[Adûnaic]], the language of Men, instead of [[Quenya]], the tongue of the Elves of Valinor.

During the early part of their rebellion, the Númenóreans became divided into two factions: the first, the [[King's Men]], enjoyed the support of the King and included the majority of the people. They wished to gain immortality and break away from their ancestral allegiance to the Valar. The King's Men also wanted to end relations with the Elves, and thus they favoured Adûnaic as the official language and eventually punished those who spoke the Elven tongues. The persecuted minority faction, the [[Faithful]], were led by the [[Lord of Andúnië|Lords of Andúnië]], the westernmost province of Númenor, and remained loyal to the Valar. They also tried to maintain friendship with the Elves.

When Sauron was apparently defeated and taken to the Isle by the Númenórean army near the end of the Second Age, he took advantage of the pride of the Númenóreans. By teaching the Dúnedain many things and flattering the King, [[Ar-Pharazôn]], he worked his way into the King's counsels and won the hearts of the people. Ultimately, Sauron advised Ar-Pharazôn to attack Valinor and claim immortality. This he foolishly did, and as a punishment Númenor, the island of the Men of the West, sank into the Sea and only the Faithful escaped. When the Faithful returned to Middle-earth, they founded the twin kingdoms of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]].

===[[Black Númenóreans]] and [[Haradrim]]===

The Faithful weren't the only Númenóreans left on Middle-earth when Númenor sank. When Númenor grew in naval power, many Númenóreans founded colonies in Middle-earth. In the second millennium of the [[Second Age]] there was an exodus of Men from the overcrowded island. Many of the King's Men settled in Middle-earth because they wanted to conquer more lands, and the Faithful because they were persecuted by the Kings. The Faithful settled in [[Pelargir]], while the King's Men ruled the [[Haven of Umbar]] and other colonies in the South. From these colonies Sauron recruited men who would become some of the nine [[Ringwraiths]] in the second millennium of the Second Age. When Númenor was destroyed, the King's Men became known as the Black Númenóreans and remained hostile towards the Faithful of Gondor. Eventually, the Black Númenórean stronghold of Umbar was conquered by Gondor in 933 of the Third Age.

Further east of Umbar another group of Men lived, called the '''Haradrim''' or Southrons. They were dark skinned Men and waged war on great Oliphaunts or ''Mûmakil''. They too were hostile to Gondor, though they were subdued in 1050 of the Third Age by [[Hyarmendacil I]].

Both Umbar and the Harad were left unchecked by Gondor's waning power by the time of the War of the Ring, and presented grave threats from the south. Many Haradrim fought with Sauron's forces in Gondor in that War.

See also: [[Southrons]]

===[[Easterlings]]===

Most Men who fought in the armies of Morgoth and Sauron were Easterlings, who came from the region around the [[Sea of Rhûn]]. Some Easterlings offered their services to the Elvish kingdoms in Beleriand; among them were [[Bór]] and his sons, and [[Ulfang the Black]] and his sons. This proved to be disastrous for the Elves in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] when Ulfang and his clan switched sides and defected to Morgoth, though Bór and his sons died bravely fighting on the side of the [[Eldar]].

After Morgoth's defeat Sauron extended his influence over the Easterlings, and although Sauron was defeated by the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] at the end of the Second Age, the Easterlings were the first enemies to attack Gondor again in 492 TA. They were soundly defeated by King [[Rómendacil I]], but they invaded again in 541 TA and took revenge by slaying King Rómendacil. Rómendacil's son [[Turambar]] took large portions of land from them.

In the next centuries Gondor held sway over the Easterlings. When Gondor's power began to decrease in the twelfth century of the Third Age, the Easterlings took the complete eastern bank of the [[Anduin]] except [[Ithilien]] and crushed Gondor's allies, the Northmen.

The Easterlings of the Third Age were divided in different tribes, such as the [[Wainriders]] and the [[Balchoth]]. The Wainriders were a confederation of Easterlings who were very active between 1856 and 1944 TA. They posed a serious threat to Gondor for many years, but were utterly defeated by [[Eärnil II]] in 1944.

When Gondor lost its royal dynasty in 2050 TA the Easterlings started to reorganize themselves, and a fierce group called the Balchoth became the most important tribe. In 2510 TA they invaded Gondor again and conquered much of [[Calenardhon]], until they were defeated by the [[Éothéod]] who rode to Gondor's aid.

In the War of the Ring, the Easterlings were among the fiercest warriors deployed at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] by Sauron.

===[[Northmen]]===

Not all the Men who remained east of the Blue Mountains and Misty Mountains during the First Age were tempted by Morgoth or Sauron, and they were joined after the War of Wrath by those of the Edain who did not wish to travel to Númenor. The Northmen who dwelt in [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] and other parts of [[Rhovanion]] were friendly to the Dúnedain, being for the most part their kin, and many of them became Gondorian subjects. The Men of [[Dale]] and [[Esgaroth]] were Northmen, as were the Woodsmen of Mirkwood, and the [[Éothéod]], who became the Rohirrim or Horse Lords.

===[[Dunlendings]] and [[Drúedain]]===

When Elendil founded the Kingdom of Arnor, its borders were quickly extended towards the river Greyflood (Sindarin:''Gwathló''), and Gondor likewise extended up through [[Enedwaith]]. In Enedwaith and [[Minhiriath]] (Sindarin for ''Land between the Rivers'') lived a group of Men related to those Men that became the House of Haleth, and they were known as the Dunlendings. They had lived in the great woods that covered most of Eriador, and when the Númenóreans started to chop these woods down to build their ships in the [[Second Age]], they earned the hostility of the Dunlendings. The Dunlendings later became bitter enemies of [[Rohan]], as they believed the Rohirrim had stolen their lands.

Because of their enmity with the Rohirrim, the Dunlendings served [[Saruman]] in the War of the Ring and fought against the Horse Lords in the [[Battle of the Hornburg]].

Another group of Men were the [[Woses]]. They were small and stooped, and were always few in number and shortlived compared to other races of Men. They lived among the House of Haleth in the First Age, and were held as Edain by the Elves, who called them ''Drúedain'' (from ''Drûg'', their own name for themselves, plus ''Edain'').

At the end of the Third Age a few Woses still lived in the Drúadan Forest. They held off [[Orcs]] with poisoned arrows and were vital in securing the aid of the Rohirrim in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] granted the Drúadan Forest to them "forever" in the [[Fourth Age]].

===Hobbits===

[[Hobbits]] were strictly a race of Men rather than a separate species. The origin of Hobbits is obscure; they first appeared in the records of other Men in the middle of the [[Third Age]].

== Names ==
The Elves called the race of Men '''[[Atani]]''' in [[Quenya]], literally meaning "Second People" (the [[Elves]] being the First), but also '''[[Hildo]]r''' (Aftercomers), '''[[Fírima]]r''' (Mortals), '''[[Engwa]]r''' (The Sickly), and many other names. The name ''Atani'' is cognate with [[Sindarin]] '''[[Adan|Edain]]''', but this term was later applied only to those Men who aided the Elves in their war with [[Morgoth]] in the [[First Age]].

[[Category:Races]]
[[Category:Men]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]

[[de:Menschen]]

Weathertop

2009-12-06T02:51:26Z

Galdor of the Havens: /* History */

{{expansion}}
{{location
| image=[[Image:Map of Weathertop.jpg|250px]]
| name=Weathertop
| othernames=Amon Sûl
| etymology=
| type=Hill
| location=[[Eriador]]
| inhabitants=
| realms=[[Arnor]]<br/>[[Arthedain]]<br/>[[Reunited Kingdom]]
| description=Hill with tower/ruins of tower
| events=
| references=
|}}
{{Pronounce|Amon Sul.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Weathertop''', known in [[Sindarin]] as '''Amon Sûl''', was the southernmost top of the [[Weather Hills]]. Of old, it formed the boundary between [[Arthedain]] and [[Rhudaur]].

==History==
Weathertop overlooked the [[Great East Road]] east of [[Bree]], about midway between [[The Shire]] and [[Rivendell]]. The hill rose a thousand feet above the level lands round about, and was the site of a watchtower in the days of [[Arnor]]. The watchtower and fortifications were burned and destroyed in [[Third Age 1409|T.A. 1409]], but the top was still flat and surrounded by a ring of stones. A path led from the top northward, connecting to the other fortresses of the Weather Hills. The tower originally held one of the seven [[Palantíri]].

In early October [[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]], it was the scene of two fights involving [[Nazgûl]]; one with [[Gandalf]] and one with the Ring-bearer. After fleeing from Bree, [[Aragorn II|Strider]] and the [[Hobbits]] avoided the main road and approached Weathertop from the north. At the top they discovered a cairn with a message from Gandalf, and spotted the [[Ringwraiths]] approaching in the distance along the road. That night, the Ringwraiths attacked their camp in a dell below the summit, stabbing [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] with a [[Morgul blade]], but were driven off by the others.

==Inspiration==
* Possibly the Rednal Hill of the Lickey Hills, Worcestershire, England.
{{quote|The boys [ [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Ronald]] and [[Hilary Tolkien|Hilary]] ] had the freedom of these grounds [Rednal, Worcestershire], and further afield they could roam the steep paths that led through the trees to the high Lickey Hill|[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]}}

== References ==
* [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', "[[Appendix A]]"
* [J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[A Knife in the Dark]]"
* [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]''

[[Category:Hills]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[de:Amon Sûl]]
[[fi:Amon Sûl]]

Harad

2009-12-06T02:47:49Z

Galdor of the Havens: /* Second Age */

{{sources}}
{{Kingdom
| image=[[Image:Harad map.jpg|300px]]
| name=Harad
| meaning= "South" in [[Sindarin]]
| type = Organized Tribal society
| headofstate = various, [[Serpent Lord]]
| hidep=yes
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital =
| language =
| location= South of [[Gondor]] and [[Mordor]], West of [[Khand]]
| populace= Mostly [[Men]] ([[Haradrim]])
| currency =
| religious = whorship of [[Sauron]] by some populance
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed =Unknown; Probably during the [[First Age|First]] or early [[Second Age]]
| established =
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved =
| restored =
|}}

'''Harad''' was the name of the immense lands in the South of [[Gondor]] and [[Mordor]]. It was inhabited by many different tribes called [[Haradrim]].

== History ==
[[Image:WAR-ICONS Harad.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Harad War Icon by [[John Howe]]]]
===Second Age===
During the [[Second Age]], the Haradrim came in contact with [[Sauron]] and with the [[Numenoreans]]. The Men of Numenor explored the coasts of [[Middle-earth]], including the coast of Harad. In the 9th century of the Second Age, the great mariner [[Aldarion]] explored the coast of Harad far to the south and was nearly shipwrecked. <ref>{{HM|UT}}, "[[Aldarion and Erendis: The Mariner's Wife]]"</ref>

The Numenoreans, who had explored and colonized the Harad coastlines, initially benefited the people in the lands they explored by teaching them many things about agriculture and craftsmanship. The Numenoreans made settlements on the southern coasts, including the Havens of Umbar where they built a great fortress in [[Second Age 2280|2280]].

After the reign of [[Tar-Ciryatan]], Numenoreans began to set themselves up as lords in Middle-earth as they demanded tribute of goods and wealth, causing the opression of the Haradrim. <ref>{{HM|S}}, "[[Akallabêth]]"</ref>

Sauron did not at first dare to extend his power to the coast where the Numenoreans held power. But after the forging of the Rings of Power and the emergence of the [[Nazgul]], Sauron began to attack the Numenorean settlements on the coast.

[[Ar-Pharazon]] of Numenor landed at [[Umbar]] in [[Second Age 3261|3261]] with a great fleet and the people on the coasts fled before them. Sauron's forces refused to fight, and he allowed himself to be taken to Numenor where he corrupted the King and his followers. Under Ar-Pharazon, the Numenoreans made war on the Men of Middle-earth, and they also enslaved them and used them for human sacrifices.
The Numenoreans who lived in Harad survived the destruction of Númenor in [[Second Age 3319|3319]]. They became known as the [[Black Númenóreans]] because they remained under the influence of Sauron.
Shortly before the [[War of the Last Alliance]], two Númenórean lords, named as [[Herumor (Black Númenórean)|Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]], "rose to great power amongst the Haradrim", but their ultimate fate is not recorded.

===Third Age===
[[Image:Jan Pospisil - Haradrim Camp.jpg|thumb|170px|left|Haradrim Camp by [[Jan Pospisil]]]]
For many centuries of the [[Third Age]], many Haradrim were still ruled by [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]] Lords, or further north by the Kings of [[Gondor]], but ultimately, the Harad fell under the influence of [[Mordor]], for much of the Age.

Near Harad later formed an alliance—or maybe even a coalition of some sort—with the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], and was involved in a series of continual battles with Gondor over ''South Gondor'' or [[Harondor]]. Anciently its northern border was held to be the river Harnen, but by the time of the [[War of the Ring]] all the land south of the river ''Poros'' was under the influence of the Haradrim.

The Haradrim were among the forces led by the [[Witch-King]] that attacked [[Osgiliath]] on [[June 20]], [[Third Age 3018]], at the beginning of the War of the Ring. They captured the eastern half of Osgiliath, but Boromir and Faramir cast down the bridge across the Anduin and defended the western half of the city. More Haradrim continued to come up the Harad Road to Mordor. Faramir and the Rangers of Ithilien ambushed some companies of Haradrim, but they could not stop them all.

Regiments of Haradrim joined also the host from Minas Morgul marching to the [[Pelennor Fields]]. Sauron's forces besieged [[Minas Tirith]], and the Mumakil of Harad were used to bring forward war-towers and siege-engines to test the City's defenses.

One of the leaders of the Haradrim at the time of the War of the Ring bore the standard of the [[Serpent Lord]], and was slain by King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]] at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] in [[Third Age 3019]].

After the revival of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of Gondor and [[Arnor]] in the [[Fourth Age]], much of the Harad may have again fallen under the rule of Gondor.

== Geography ==
Harad was located south of Mordor. The Mountains of Shadow were on the northern border of Harad. The River Harnen flowed westward from the Mountains of Shadow to the [[Bay of Belfalas]], forming Harad's border with South Gondor - a desert region that was contested between [[Gondor]] and Harad. The Harad Road ran from Harad northward through South Gondor and on to [[Ithilien]].

To the northeast of Harad was [[Khand]], a land that also had ties with Sauron. It is not known how far eastward or southward Harad stretched. On the west, Harad was bounded by the Bay of Belfalas and the Sea.

The northernmost part of Harad was called Near Harad and the southern part was Far Harad. On the coast there was a natural harbor with a narrow cape curving around it. The coastal region around the harbor was known as Umbar, and the harbor was called the Havens of Umbar. The seafaring raiders known as the Corsairs lived there. At the eastern end of the harbor was the City of the Corsairs.

Much of Far Harad was a jungle, although there also was a desert. In the [[Great Forest of the South]] in Far Harad lived the gigantic [[Oliphaunts]], which were used by the Haradrim as moving war towers.

Harad's location in the far south isolated it to a certain extent from the rest of Middle-earth. The climate was much warmer and sunnier. There were unusual animals such as the Oliphaunts. Even the constellations in Harad's night sky down in the southern hemisphere were different from those in northern Middle-earth.

== Social Organisation ==
[[Image:Kyle Anderson - Haradrim King.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Haradrim King by ''Kyle Anderson'']]
Harad's tribes were divided—at least in the minds of the men of northwestern Middle-earth—into those of Near and Far Harad, although there were many tribes of the Haradrim, often mutually hostile. Those of Near Harad were brown-skinned, with black hair and dark eyes, whereas the people of Far Harad had black skin. It is also presumed that every tribe had a chieftain, who served as their leader and general in the battlefield.

== Etymology ==
'''Harad''' means "South" in [[Sindarin]]. The word comes from [[root]] [[KHJAR]]. It is also called [[Haradwaith]] which includes '''[[gwaith]]''' (people).

Harad was also called the "Sunlands"<ref name="tRoR">{{HM|TT}}, "[[The Black Gate is Closed]]"</ref> by the Hobbits of the Shire.

The [[Men]] of Harad were called [[Haradrim]] ("Southern-host").
{{references}}
[[Category:Realms]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Southern Lands]]

Talk:Dark Lord

2009-12-06T02:43:49Z

Galdor of the Havens: New page: This needs work.--~~~~

This needs work.--[[User:Galdor of the Havens|Galdor of the Havens]] 02:43, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Dark Lord

2009-12-06T02:43:07Z

Galdor of the Havens:

'''Dark Lord''' was the title given to the two great Enemies of the [[Free Peoples of Middle-earth|Free Peoples of]] [[Middle-earth]], [[Morgoth]] (or [[Melkor]]) the fallen [[Ainu]], and [[Sauron]], ([[Mairon]] or [[Gorthaur the Cruel]]) a [[Maia]].
==Morgoth==
[[Morgoth]] descended into [[Arda]] at its beginning, and battled with the [[Valar]] for ages uncounted before the awakening of [[Elves]] and [[Men]] from his fortress at [[Utumno]] in the north of the world. The Valar defeated him and imprisoned him for three ages, but on his release he returned to [[Angband]], north of [[Beleriand]]. During the [[First Age]], the [[Noldor]] made hopeless war upon him for the return of the [[Silmarils]], but at last the Valar came to their aid and overthrew Morgoth, banishing him forever from the World.

==Sauron==
[[Sauron]] was the ancient lieutenant of Morgoth, and after the first Dark Lord's defeat, he took on his mantle and became a Dark Lord himself during the early [[Second Age]]. Taking the land of [[Mordor]] to dwell in, he corrupted the [[Númenóreans]]. Though he was defeated at the end of the Second Age, and his Dark Tower of [[Barad-dûr]] was thrown down, he rose again during the [[Third Age]], and was finally defeated with the destruction of the [[One Ring]] in [[Third Age 3019]].

[[Category:Characters]]
[[Category:Titles]]
[[de:Dunkler Herrscher]]
[[fi:Musta Ruhtinas]]