Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

File:John Howe - Sigurd and Fafnir.jpg

2013-02-12T21:11:58Z

Glaurung the Golden:

Black Speech

2013-01-17T11:30:29Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* Inspiration */

__NOTOC__
The '''Black Speech''' was created by [[Sauron]] during the [[Dark Years]] to be the sole language of all the servants of Mordor, replacing the many different varieties of [[Orkish]] and other languages used by his servants. When Sauron was overthrown at the end of the [[Second Age]] the ancient "pure" form was forgotten by all but the [[Nazgûl]]. When Sauron returned it was once again made the official language of [[Barad-dûr]]. However, a more "debased" form was used by the soldiery of [[Barad-dûr]] at the end of the [[Third Age]].<ref name="Trans">{{App|Translation}}</ref> The only example given of "pure" Black Speech is the inscription upon [[the One Ring]]<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>:

<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul,
ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.
</poem>

When translated into English, these words form the lines:

<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,
One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.
</poem>

These are the first two lines from the end of a verse about the [[Rings of Power]].

Many Orkish dialects had adopted words from it.<ref name="Trans"/> The Black Speech was at least in part based on [[Valarin]].
==Inspiration==
In real life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] created this language with the intention of making it harsh and ugly,{{fact}} although people who speak the European languages that he emulated may disagree with his methods. The Black Speech is unfortunately one of the more incomplete languages in Tolkien's novels, because the forces of good refuse to utter it, as it attracts the attention of the [[Eye of Sauron]]. Unlike [[Elvish]], there are no poems or songs written in it (apart from the Ring's inscription), and because Tolkien designed it to be unpleasant, he did not enjoy writing it. The result is a random collection of words that are hard to actually use in day-to-day conversation. We learn from the text in the ring and its translation that the Black Speech is a strongly [[Wikipedia:Agglutination|agglutinating]] language.

Tolkien linguist [[Helge Fauskanger]] has noted a theory proposed by Russian historian Alexander Nemirovski, that the Black Speech, according to the shape of words, agglutination and grammar, shares many similarities with the ancient Mesopotamian language [[Wikipedia:Hurrian language|Hurrian]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articleurl=http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/orkish.htm|articlename=Orkish and the Black Speech - base language for base purposes|dated=|website=Arda|accessed=12 January 2013}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
: Linguist [[David Salo]] used what little is known of the Black Speech to create enough of a language for use in the films.<ref>[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_archives_4.htm Language in The Lord of the Rings Movie (August 12, 2003)] at [http://www.elvish.org/ Elvish.org] (accessed 26 December 2010)</ref> This is usually referred to by [[Tolkienists]] as neo-Black Speech.

==See also==

*[[:Category:Black Speech words|Category: Black Speech words]]

==External links==
*[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/orkish.htm Orkish and the Black Speech - base language for base purposes] ([[Ardalambion]])
*[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/blackspeech.htm Black Speech analysis by Craig Daniel]
{{references}}
[[Category:Black Speech| ]]
[[de:Schwarze Sprache]]
[[fi:Musta kieli]]
[[fr:encyclo/langues/parler noir]]

User talk:Morgan/2015–6

2013-01-16T10:43:24Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* Black Speech */

<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #C0C090; padding:5px; background-color:#F9F9F9;">[[File:Archive.png|50px|center]]
<center>'''Archives'''</center>
*[[User_talk:Morgan/2011|2011]]
</div>
{{usertalk}}

== Moving articles ==

Re. "Joseph Wright 19??", just to let you know you should be able to untick the box "Leave a redirect behind" when you move something so there is no redirect left behind for me to delete! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 16:37, 2 January 2012 (UTC)

:Good, I'll try think about that in the future (thought it only worked with images)! --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 16:51, 2 January 2012 (UTC)

== [[Sauron]] code ==

Here you are: "<nowiki>{{Transcribed|Sauron Tengwar Quenya mode.png|Sauron|Tengwar, Quenya mode}}</nowiki>". --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 00:32, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

== Translations ==

I cannot find - but thought we might have - an article that lists translations of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' etc. Something like [[wikipedia:Translations of The Lord of the Rings|this]] (there's also [http://www.elrondslibrary.fr/index.html this website] which is useful). Do we have ''anything'' like this, and if not, should we have it? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:27, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

:I've been thinking about that too - it would be good to have. From what I can remember, we only have (in the case of translations of The Hobbit), the list on the main article itself. Is a sub-page a good option in this case, or would a totally separate article be better (like "The Hobbit translations" perhaps "Index:The Hobbit translations")? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 11:03, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

::I should also say that I think some translations merit their own article, like ''[[Hompen]]''.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 11:06, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

:::I don't think it should be an index. "Translations of ''The Hobbit''" and "Translations of ''The Lord of the Rings''" etc. should be fine. I agree that some translations should have their own articles where appropriate.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 12:15, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

::''NOT'' Index. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 13:17, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

==[[Conselho Branco, Sociedade Tolkien]]==
Hi Morgan, 
Could you take a look at [[Conselho Branco, Sociedade Tolkien]] and provide sources, as according to [[User:Stbtolkien]] it includes unreliable and untruthful information. Thank you! --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 16:39, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

:It's a very old article, before we started being careful about sources. I had some source back then, but I can't be bothered to find it. Just tag the page with delete if it's questioned.--18:35, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

::After looking at the [http://www.tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Conselho_Branco,_Sociedade_Tolkien&oldid=116155 history of the article] I see you did add a few sources to the article. Unfortunally it only showed "testa". So I've removed the questioned sentences. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 19:34, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

:::While attempting to find a source, I found a Googlecatch entry of the old site by accident:
:::*[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:rP9Bv75cihUJ:www.conselhobranco.com.br/+Conselho+Branco,+Sociedade+Tolkien&cd=1&hl=nl&ct=clnk&gl=nl Site]
:::According to the description the site will be down for an unspecified time. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 19:53, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

==Vaire==

To Morgan- Thank's for informing me [[User:Vaire|Vaire]]

:You're welcome!--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:29, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

I changed it so it's not saying to think about what happened [[User:Vaire|Vaire]] 20:31, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

== The Tolkien Journal ==

Is [http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Tolkien-Journal-Running-Press/dp/076244746X/ref=sr_1_56?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1340963899&sr=1-56 this] a new book or a re-release? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:11, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

::A new book, is my guess.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 10:59, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

:::It's just all their books are re-releases from the 80s and this one looks old like the others. I can't find any record of it being out before, though (unless it was under a different title). --{{User:Mith/sig}} 12:05, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

== Pal. quote reference. ==

The reference is from page 422 of Unfinished Tales, The Palantiri ch;

''Saruman had no doubt from his investigations gained knowledge of the Stones, things that would attract his attention, and had become convinced that the Orthanc-stone was still intact in its tower.''

- [[User:Mclaren01|Mclaren01]] 8:55, August 8, 2012 (UTC)

:Thanks, Maclaren. I've restored your sentence after checking the reference. For future edits, just let me know if you're uncertain about how to add references using the templates and codes -- I would be glad to offer any kind of help.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 16:12, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

:By the way, I didn't add a page number to the reference since the pagination differs between different editions of ''Unfinished Tales''. Our [[Template:UT|UT template]] is fairly detailed, however, so it shouldn't be any trouble for people to check a reference just pointing to a section in this book.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 16:14, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

== What are you doing? ==

What's your rationale behind applying all of these [[Template:Copyright-unknown]]s? I put that template on the Parma Eldalamberon covers whilst we wait for permission to use them (I contacted Gilson again today by a different e-mail address). I will get round to going through the WhatLinksHere for {{Redlink|[[Template:Fairuse-cover]]}}, so it's not helpful to randomly change the template to [[Template:Copyright-unknown]]. Also why did you apply [[Template:Copyright-unknown]] for covers with a Fairuse template (+ publisher details) on them? Were they wrong?--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 18:18, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

::By the same logic we need to have permission for all covers used on TG. Has anyone contacted HarperCollins etc for permission to use their covers? New Line Cinema? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 18:22, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

:::There are numerous channels through which you could have communicated your point; talking is better than vandalising. We don't ''need'' permission from every single organisation whose work we use - fairuse is there and we should use it (and not abuse it). My rationale behind contacting the E.L.F. and the Mythopoeic Society (and Mith has sought permission from the Tolkien Society) is simple: they are Tolkien fans like you and I, and they are likely to give us permission. Therefore I'm operating on the principle that if I can contact the copyright holder (in hope of obtaining permission to use their work) then I will. Even if I could contact HarperCollins and New Line Cinema, their lawyers have better things to do than grant (or refuse!) individual requests from organisations like us.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 19:01, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

::::No, ''you'' should have made it clear about extending this rationale to include covers of publications, in a meeting, for example. Changing the status of cover images to "will be deleted" is very frustrating when you have spent a lot of time compiling/scanning such; every Tolkien-related website or blog (scholarly or non-scholarly) I've come across assumes it's fair use to reproduce covers of publications. --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 19:17, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

:::::I had honestly forgotten that [[Template:Copyright-unknown]] included the words "This file will be deleted unless...", and that's why I wish you had told me that this was your grievance in the first place (and let me reiterate that I'm still annoyed that you resorted to vandalism rather than coming to me to discuss it). Let me explain what happened today: I saw that you used {{Redlink|[[Template:Fairuse-cover]]}} on [[:File:Parma Eldalamberon 12.jpg]] and, because Template:Fairuse-cover should not be used on new images, I replaced it [[Template:Copyright-unknown]]. I then decided to tidy up the other ''Parma Eldalamberon'' covers (including giving them their own category) and in the process I added Template:Copyright-unknown to all of them as we will probably get permission soon.

:::::There has been no change in policy; we've used the new system for covers of publications since the new system was first established. I'm perfectly happy to discuss how we handle copyright for publication covers, if that's what you want (although, if this is the case, I wish that we had held it sooner). I'm sorry if my actions have upset or frustrated you, but I suspect that you wouldn't have been so annoyed if you had simply contacted me about it.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 19:45, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

::::::I've emailed you.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:01, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

== Noncanon template ==

Would you like me to use my bot to remove all usages of Template:Noncanon?--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 13:40, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

:Hm, I'm not sure. I'm just thinking that there might be articles without references or which don't explain the canonical status.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 13:43, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

::Fair enough.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 13:46, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

== Bombadil sentence ==

And why did you remove the sentence I added? -- [[User:Mclaren01]] 4:56 PM, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

:Hi Mclaren01, you made a great point; but I think we need to include a reference to back up your statement. That way the reader knows where that idea comes from. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 07:15, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

::Furthermore it was an [[Wiktionary:incomplete sentence|incomplete sentence]].--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:01, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

:::"He might do so, if all the free folk of the world begged him, but he would not understand the need" Gandalf, the Council of Elrond, pg 259 I Wrote the sentence as a summary of this statement by Gandalf about Bombadilo's mentality. If you have a clearer, etc, sentence in mind you can consider that instead. -- [[User:Mclaren01]] 11:03 AM, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

::::Thanks for the clarification, Mclaren. I will take a look at the issue tomorrow.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 00:23, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

:::::Mclaren, this is my conclusion: right now the first part of your addition would already be included in the preceding sentence (that is, Tom not being "fully aware of the struggle of Light and Darkness", equivalent to your "A mindset clear of conceptions of 'Good' and 'Evil'"). The One Ring hasn't been mentioned before in the article, and it would therefore take a major rewrite to include your last part (" he would not understand overtures to keep and conceal the One Ring himself if all the peoples of Middle-earth begged him to") at this point, since the section "War of the Ring" follows.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 23:57, 11 January 2013 (UTC)

== Hobbit in French ==

Hello Morgan. I just see your message on my discussion page. It's a new translation, made by Daniel Lauzon (also translator of the HoMe 3 at 5). I've change the url you've added for another where Daniel Lauzon have answering some questions and enlighted some of his choices. [[User:Druss|Druss]] 13:01, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

== Black Speech ==

Hello there Morgan I was thinkong of bringong more details to the [[Black speech]] page but maybe it shouldn't be there where I put it so we must make a new Headline. However it would be nice if we could have a little bit more information about this language however rude he looked like.

Yours fathiful

--[[User:Glaurung the Golden|Glaurung the Golden]] 13:58, 11 January 2013 (UTC)Glaurung the Golden

:Hi there. I [http://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Black_Speech&action=historysubmit&diff=225496&oldid=225442 tweaked] your contribution and added it to the article.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 23:14, 11 January 2013 (UTC)

Yes thanks mate, i was just thinking to mention the use of ergative in it

--[[User:Glaurung the Golden|Glaurung the Golden]] 17:03, 13 January 2013 (UTC)[[Glaurung the Golden]]

:Well, to me "ergative" is specialized linguistic terminology -- I'm not sure we need to include this on Tolkien Gateway and at the very least not just a quick mention. Fauskanger devotes a whole section of his article to the ergative case in relation to the Black Speech and Hurrian. If you find a good way to explain this in a simple way, it could possibly be included. I don't want to be the sole judge here! :) But IMHO think it suffices with a link to Fauskanger's article, for those wanting more detailed information.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 17:11, 13 January 2013 (UTC)

:Ergative is a grammatical case that is used to explain the subject of transitive verb mostly in ergative-absolutive languages. But, alright if it's too complicated for TG then i will try to make more simple. However Tolkien himself was a philologist :)
We will end this conversation now, don't want to waste your time anymore.

Your's faithiful

--~~[[User:Glaurung the Golden|Glaurung]]

User:Glaurung the Golden

2013-01-14T21:26:18Z

Glaurung the Golden:

Well hello here everyone , i was active here just for a short time, but i'm thinking of getting back.

I mostly edit fantasy and gaming wikis.

Yours faithful

--[[User:Glaurung the Golden|Glaurung]] 21:19, 14 January 2013 (UTC)Glaurung the Golden

User:Glaurung the Golden

2013-01-14T21:24:54Z

Glaurung the Golden:

Well hello here evewryone, i was active here just for a short time, but i'm thinking of getting back.

I mostly edit fantasy and gaming wikis.

Yours faithful

--[[User:Glaurung the Golden|Glaurung]] 21:19, 14 January 2013 (UTC)Glaurung the Golden

User:Glaurung the Golden

2013-01-14T21:19:13Z

Glaurung the Golden:

User:Glaurung the Golden

2013-01-14T21:18:37Z

Glaurung the Golden:

Well hello here evewryone, i was active here just for a short time, but i'm thinking of getting back.

I mostly edit fantasy and gaming wikis.

Yours faithful

[[Glaurung the Golden]]

User talk:Morgan/2015–6

2013-01-13T17:03:29Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* Black Speech */

User talk:Morgan/2015–6

2013-01-11T13:58:07Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* Black Speech */ new section

<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #C0C090; padding:5px; background-color:#F9F9F9;">[[File:Archive.png|50px|center]]
<center>'''Archives'''</center>
*[[User_talk:Morgan/2011|2011]]
</div>
{{usertalk}}

== Moving articles ==

Re. "Joseph Wright 19??", just to let you know you should be able to untick the box "Leave a redirect behind" when you move something so there is no redirect left behind for me to delete! --{{User:Mith/sig}} 16:37, 2 January 2012 (UTC)

:Good, I'll try think about that in the future (thought it only worked with images)! --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 16:51, 2 January 2012 (UTC)

== [[Sauron]] code ==

Here you are: "<nowiki>{{Transcribed|Sauron Tengwar Quenya mode.png|Sauron|Tengwar, Quenya mode}}</nowiki>". --{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 00:32, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

== Translations ==

I cannot find - but thought we might have - an article that lists translations of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' etc. Something like [[wikipedia:Translations of The Lord of the Rings|this]] (there's also [http://www.elrondslibrary.fr/index.html this website] which is useful). Do we have ''anything'' like this, and if not, should we have it? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:27, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

:I've been thinking about that too - it would be good to have. From what I can remember, we only have (in the case of translations of The Hobbit), the list on the main article itself. Is a sub-page a good option in this case, or would a totally separate article be better (like "The Hobbit translations" perhaps "Index:The Hobbit translations")? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 11:03, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

::I should also say that I think some translations merit their own article, like ''[[Hompen]]''.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 11:06, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

:::I don't think it should be an index. "Translations of ''The Hobbit''" and "Translations of ''The Lord of the Rings''" etc. should be fine. I agree that some translations should have their own articles where appropriate.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 12:15, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

::''NOT'' Index. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 13:17, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

==[[Conselho Branco, Sociedade Tolkien]]==
Hi Morgan, 
Could you take a look at [[Conselho Branco, Sociedade Tolkien]] and provide sources, as according to [[User:Stbtolkien]] it includes unreliable and untruthful information. Thank you! --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 16:39, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

:It's a very old article, before we started being careful about sources. I had some source back then, but I can't be bothered to find it. Just tag the page with delete if it's questioned.--18:35, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

::After looking at the [http://www.tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Conselho_Branco,_Sociedade_Tolkien&oldid=116155 history of the article] I see you did add a few sources to the article. Unfortunally it only showed "testa". So I've removed the questioned sentences. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 19:34, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

:::While attempting to find a source, I found a Googlecatch entry of the old site by accident:
:::*[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:rP9Bv75cihUJ:www.conselhobranco.com.br/+Conselho+Branco,+Sociedade+Tolkien&cd=1&hl=nl&ct=clnk&gl=nl Site]
:::According to the description the site will be down for an unspecified time. --[[User:Amroth|Amroth]] 19:53, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

==Vaire==

To Morgan- Thank's for informing me [[User:Vaire|Vaire]]

:You're welcome!--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:29, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

I changed it so it's not saying to think about what happened [[User:Vaire|Vaire]] 20:31, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

== The Tolkien Journal ==

Is [http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Tolkien-Journal-Running-Press/dp/076244746X/ref=sr_1_56?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1340963899&sr=1-56 this] a new book or a re-release? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:11, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

::A new book, is my guess.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 10:59, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

:::It's just all their books are re-releases from the 80s and this one looks old like the others. I can't find any record of it being out before, though (unless it was under a different title). --{{User:Mith/sig}} 12:05, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

== Pal. quote reference. ==

The reference is from page 422 of Unfinished Tales, The Palantiri ch;

''Saruman had no doubt from his investigations gained knowledge of the Stones, things that would attract his attention, and had become convinced that the Orthanc-stone was still intact in its tower.''

- [[User:Mclaren01|Mclaren01]] 8:55, August 8, 2012 (UTC)

:Thanks, Maclaren. I've restored your sentence after checking the reference. For future edits, just let me know if you're uncertain about how to add references using the templates and codes -- I would be glad to offer any kind of help.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 16:12, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

:By the way, I didn't add a page number to the reference since the pagination differs between different editions of ''Unfinished Tales''. Our [[Template:UT|UT template]] is fairly detailed, however, so it shouldn't be any trouble for people to check a reference just pointing to a section in this book.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 16:14, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

== What are you doing? ==

What's your rationale behind applying all of these [[Template:Copyright-unknown]]s? I put that template on the Parma Eldalamberon covers whilst we wait for permission to use them (I contacted Gilson again today by a different e-mail address). I will get round to going through the WhatLinksHere for {{Redlink|[[Template:Fairuse-cover]]}}, so it's not helpful to randomly change the template to [[Template:Copyright-unknown]]. Also why did you apply [[Template:Copyright-unknown]] for covers with a Fairuse template (+ publisher details) on them? Were they wrong?--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 18:18, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

::By the same logic we need to have permission for all covers used on TG. Has anyone contacted HarperCollins etc for permission to use their covers? New Line Cinema? --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 18:22, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

:::There are numerous channels through which you could have communicated your point; talking is better than vandalising. We don't ''need'' permission from every single organisation whose work we use - fairuse is there and we should use it (and not abuse it). My rationale behind contacting the E.L.F. and the Mythopoeic Society (and Mith has sought permission from the Tolkien Society) is simple: they are Tolkien fans like you and I, and they are likely to give us permission. Therefore I'm operating on the principle that if I can contact the copyright holder (in hope of obtaining permission to use their work) then I will. Even if I could contact HarperCollins and New Line Cinema, their lawyers have better things to do than grant (or refuse!) individual requests from organisations like us.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 19:01, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

::::No, ''you'' should have made it clear about extending this rationale to include covers of publications, in a meeting, for example. Changing the status of cover images to "will be deleted" is very frustrating when you have spent a lot of time compiling/scanning such; every Tolkien-related website or blog (scholarly or non-scholarly) I've come across assumes it's fair use to reproduce covers of publications. --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 19:17, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

:::::I had honestly forgotten that [[Template:Copyright-unknown]] included the words "This file will be deleted unless...", and that's why I wish you had told me that this was your grievance in the first place (and let me reiterate that I'm still annoyed that you resorted to vandalism rather than coming to me to discuss it). Let me explain what happened today: I saw that you used {{Redlink|[[Template:Fairuse-cover]]}} on [[:File:Parma Eldalamberon 12.jpg]] and, because Template:Fairuse-cover should not be used on new images, I replaced it [[Template:Copyright-unknown]]. I then decided to tidy up the other ''Parma Eldalamberon'' covers (including giving them their own category) and in the process I added Template:Copyright-unknown to all of them as we will probably get permission soon.

:::::There has been no change in policy; we've used the new system for covers of publications since the new system was first established. I'm perfectly happy to discuss how we handle copyright for publication covers, if that's what you want (although, if this is the case, I wish that we had held it sooner). I'm sorry if my actions have upset or frustrated you, but I suspect that you wouldn't have been so annoyed if you had simply contacted me about it.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 19:45, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

::::::I've emailed you.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:01, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

== Noncanon template ==

Would you like me to use my bot to remove all usages of Template:Noncanon?--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 13:40, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

:Hm, I'm not sure. I'm just thinking that there might be articles without references or which don't explain the canonical status.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 13:43, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

::Fair enough.--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 13:46, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

== Bombadil sentence ==

And why did you remove the sentence I added? -- [[User:Mclaren01]] 4:56 PM, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

:Hi Mclaren01, you made a great point; but I think we need to include a reference to back up your statement. That way the reader knows where that idea comes from. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 07:15, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

::Furthermore it was an [[Wiktionary:incomplete sentence|incomplete sentence]].--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 22:01, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

:::"He might do so, if all the free folk of the world begged him, but he would not understand the need" Gandalf, the Council of Elrond, pg 259 I Wrote the sentence as a summary of this statement by Gandalf about Bombadilo's mentality. If you have a clearer, etc, sentence in mind you can consider that instead. -- [[User:Mclaren01]] 11:03 AM, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

::::Thanks for the clarification, Mclaren. I will take a look at the issue tomorrow.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 00:23, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

== Hobbit in French ==

Hello Morgan. I just see your message on my discussion page. It's a new translation, made by Daniel Lauzon (also translator of the HoMe 3 at 5). I've change the url you've added for another where Daniel Lauzon have answering some questions and enlighted some of his choices. [[User:Druss|Druss]] 13:01, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

== Black Speech ==

Hello there Morgan I was thinkong of bringong more details to the [[Black speech]] page but maybe it shouldn't be there where I put it so we must make a new Headline. However it would be nice if we could have a little bit more information about this language however rude he looked like.

Yours fathiful

--[[User:Glaurung the Golden|Glaurung the Golden]] 13:58, 11 January 2013 (UTC)Glaurung the Golden

Black Speech

2013-01-09T23:01:18Z

Glaurung the Golden:

__NOTOC__
The '''Black Speech''' was created by [[Sauron]] during the [[Dark Years]] to be the sole language of all the servants of Mordor, replacing the many different varieties of [[Orkish]] and other languages used by his servants. When Sauron was overthrown at the end of the [[Second Age]] the ancient "pure" form was forgotten by all but the [[Nazgûl]]. When Sauron returned it was once again made the official language of [[Barad-dûr]]. However, a more "debased" form was used by the soldiery of [[Barad-dûr]] at the end of the [[Third Age]].<ref name="Trans">{{App|Translation}}</ref> The only example given of "pure" Black Speech is the inscription upon [[the One Ring]]<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>:

<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul,
ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.
</poem>

When translated into English, these words form the lines:

<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,
One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.
</poem>

These are the first two lines from the end of a verse about the [[Rings of Power]].

Many Orkish dialects had adopted words from it.<ref name="Trans"/> The Black Speech was at least in part based on [[Valarin]].
==Inspiration==
In real life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] created this language with the intention of making it harsh and ugly,{{fact}} although people who speak the European languages that he emulated may disagree with his methods. The Black Speech is unfortunately one of the more incomplete languages in Tolkien's novels, because the forces of good refuse to utter it, as it attracts the attention of the [[Eye of Sauron]]. Unlike [[Elvish]], there are no poems or songs written in it (apart from the Ring's inscription), and because Tolkien designed it to be unpleasant, he did not enjoy writing it. The result is a random collection of words that are hard to actually use in day-to-day conversation. We learn from the text in the ring and its translation that the Black Speech is a strongly [[Wikipedia:Agglutination|agglutinating]] language. Russian historian Alexander Nemirovski identified an ergative case in the suffix -''tuluk'' meanning "them all". He also claimed a similarity with some other
ergative-absolutive languages like ancient Mesopotamian language, Hurrian.

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
: Linguist [[David Salo]] used what little is known of the Black Speech to create enough of a language for use in the films.<ref>[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_archives_4.htm Language in The Lord of the Rings Movie (August 12, 2003)] at [http://www.elvish.org/ Elvish.org] (accessed 26 December 2010)</ref> This is usually referred to by [[Tolkienists]] as neo-Black Speech.

==External links==
*[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/orkish.htm Orkish and the Black Speech - base language for base purposes] ([[Ardalambion]])
*[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/blackspeech.htm Black Speech analysis by Craig Daniel]
{{references}}
[[Category:Black Speech| ]]
[[de:Schwarze Sprache]]
[[fi:Musta kieli]]
[[fr:encyclo/langues/parler noir]]

Quenya/Grammar

2013-01-09T22:51:44Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* Nouns */

{{rewrite}}

''Note: these rules apply only to Noldorin Quenya, being the only dialect spoken in Middle-earth''.

[[Quenya]] was an agglutinative SVO language. It had a relatively free word order since most information was expressed morphologically rather than syntactically. The different word classes of Quenya are explained below.

==Nouns==
Nouns are declined for ten cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental, possessive, locative, allative, ablative, and a tenth "mystery" case sometimes called the "respective".

*The nominative is used mainly to mark the subject of a verb. In spoken Quenya it also functions as the accusative (see below). It is also used with prepositions.
*The accusative marks the direct object of a verb. It is not used in spoken Quenya, having been replaced by the nominative after Elves left Aman, but appears in writing.
*The genitive is mainly used to mark origin (e. g. the best smiths ''of'' ''Tirion''). Its usage sometimes overlaps the ablative.
*The dative marks the indirect object of a verb.
*The instrumental marks a noun which is used as a tool or instrument.
*The possessive marks possession or ownership. This usage sometimes overlaps with the genitive.
*The locative expresses location or position.
*The allative expresses motion towards.
*The ablative expresses motion away from.
*The "mystery" or respective case may be a figurative equivalent of the locative case (e.g. "about wolves" or "regarding wolves").

There are four numbers: the singular, dual, plural, and partitive plural.

===Vocalic Declension===
{| rules=all style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid darkgray;" cellpadding=3
|-
| rowspan=2 |
| colspan=4 | '''a-, i-, ie-, o-, and u-stems'''
| colspan=4 | '''e-stems'''
|-
| '''Singular''' || '''Dual''' || '''Plural''' || '''Part. Plural''' || '''Singular''' || '''Dual''' || '''Plural''' || '''Part. Plural'''
|-
| '''Nominative''' || yulma || yulmat || yulmar || yulmali || aurë || auret || auri || aureli
|-
| '''Accusative''' || yulmá || ?yulmat || yulmai || yulmalí || auré || ?auret || aurí || aurelí;
|-
| '''Genitive''' || yulmo || yulmato || yulmaron || yulmalion || aurëo || aureto || aurion || aurelion
|-
| '''Dative''' || yulman || yulmant || yulmain || yulmalin || auren || aurent || aurín || aurelín
|-
| '''Instrumental''' || yulmanen || yulmanten || yulmainen || yulmalínen || aurenen || aurenten || aurínen || aurelínen
|-
| '''Possessive''' || yulmava || yulmatwa || yulmaiva || yulmalíva || aureva || auretwa || auríva || aurelíva
|-
| '''Locative''' || yulmassë || yulmatsë || yulmassen || yulmalissë || auressë || auretsë || auressen || aurelissë
|-
| '''Allative''' || yulmanna || yulmanta || yulmannar || yulmalinna || aurenna || aurenta || aurennar || aurelinna
|-
| '''Ablative''' || yulmallo || yulmalto || yulmallon || yulmalillo || aurello || aurelto || aurellon || aurelillo
|-
| '''Respective''' || yulmas || yulmates || yulmais || yulmalis || aures || auretes || aurís || aurelís
|}

===Consonantal Declension===
{| rules=all style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid darkgray;" cellpadding=3
|-
|
| '''Singular''' || '''Dual''' || '''Plural''' || '''Part. Plural'''
|-
| '''Nominative''' || nat || natu || nati || nateli
|-
| '''Accusative''' || nat || natú || natí || natelí
|-
| '''Genitive''' || nato || natuo || nation || natelion
|-
| '''Dative''' || naten || natun || natin || natelin
|-
| '''Instrumental''' || natenen || natunen || natinen || natelínen
|-
| '''Possessive''' || natwa || natuva || nativa || natelíva
|-
| '''Locative''' || natsë || natussë || natissen || natelissë
|-
| '''Allative''' || natenna || natenta || natinnar || natelinnar
|-
| '''Ablative''' || natello || natelto || natillon || natelillo
|-
| '''Respective''' || nates || natus || natis || natelis
|}

==Verbs==
There are two main types of verbs: basic verbs, those which are formed from the basic verbal base, such as ''tirë'' (''tiri''-) "watch" from *TIR, and derivative verbs, which are formed either by putting verbal suffixes to a base like ''tulta''- "summon", from *TUL "come", or derived from non-verbal bases like ''cúna''- "bend", originally an adjective "bent".

{| rules=all style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid darkgray;" cellpadding=3
|-
| rowspan=2 | || colspan=2 | '''Derivative verbs''' || colspan=2 | '''Basic verbs'''
|-
| '''Singular''' || '''Plural''' || '''Singular''' || '''Plural''' || '''Singular''' || '''Plural'''
|-
| '''Infinitive''' || colspan=2 | tulta (tulta-) || colspan=2 | tirë (tir-) || colspan=2 | palo (palu-)
|-
| '''Aorist/Simple present''' || tulta || tultar || tirë (tiri-) || tirir || palo (palu-) || palur
|-
| '''Present continuative''' || tultëa || tultëar || tíra || tírar || pálua || páluar
|-
| '''Past''' || tultanë || tultaner || tirnë || tirner || pallë || paller
|-
| '''Future''' || tultuva || tultuvar || tiruva || tiruvar || palúva || palúvar
|-
| '''Perfect''' || utultië || utultier || itírië || itírier || apálië || apálier
|}

==Pronouns==
Pronouns are seen as both independent words and enclitics; however the rules for this are not completely understood, although evidence sugests that independent forms are more emphatic in nature, while enclitics are the forms in use normally. What is known is that for intransitive verbs, the pronoun can appear as either an independent word or an enclitic. The enclitics often come in two different forms, long and short. The following table outlines the different forms attested. Hypothetical or reconstructed forms are indicated by either question marks or asterisks. Those forms that cannot be determined are not included and their absence is indicated by an emdash.

{| rules=all style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid darkgray;" cellpadding=3
|-
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | || colspan=2 | '''Independent''' || colspan=2 | '''Enclitic''' || colspan=2 | '''Independent Example''' || colspan=2 | '''Enclitic Example'''
|-
| '''Singular''' || '''Plural''' || '''Singular''' || '''Plural''' || '''Singular''' || '''Plural''' || '''Singular''' || '''Plural'''
|-
| rowspan=2 | '''First Person''' || '''Inclusive''' || rowspan=2 | ni, inyë || *elvë, *elwë || rowspan=2 | -n, -nyë || -lvë, -lwë || rowspan=2 | inyë tirë || elvë/elwë tirir || rowspan=2 | tirinyë, tirin || tirilvë, tirilwë
|-
| '''Exclusive''' || *elmë || -lmë || elmë tirir || tirilmë
|-
| colspan=2 | '''Second Person''' || le, elyë || le, ellë || -l, -lyë || ?-llë || elyë tirë || ?ellë tirir, elyë tirir || tiril, tirilyë || ?tirillë, tirilyë
|-
| colspan=2 | '''Third Person''' || se || te || -s, -ryë || -t, -ntë || se tirë || ?entë tirir || tiris, tiriryë || tirit, tirintë
|}

Aside from inclusive and exclusive modes in the first person plural, there is also a dual mode, denoted by ''emmë'', ''-mmë''. The pronouns can be declined much like the regular nouns; for instance, the dative form of ''emmë'' is ''emmen''. This appears to be mostly regular, except for ''te'', "they", which takes the dative form ''tien''.

[[Category:Quenya]]

User:Glaurung the Golden

2013-01-09T22:46:38Z

Glaurung the Golden: Created page with "Well hello here evewryone, i was active here just for a short time, but i'm thinking of getting back. I mostly edit fantasy and gaming wikis. Yours faithful Glaurung"

Well hello here evewryone, i was active here just for a short time, but i'm thinking of getting back.

I mostly edit fantasy and gaming wikis.

Yours faithful

Glaurung

Misty Mountains

2010-07-06T17:27:52Z

Glaurung the Golden:

{{location
| image=[[Image:J.R.R._Tolkien_-_The_Misty_Mountains_looking_West_from_the_Eyrie_towards_Goblin_Gate.jpg|250px]]
| name=Misty Mountains
| othernames=Hithaeglir, Mountains of Mist
| etymology=
| type=Mountain Range
| location=Between [[Eriador]] and [[Wilderland]], and [[Rohan]]'s northern border
| inhabitants=[[Dwarves]] of [[Durin's folk]], [[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Giants]], [[Men]], [[Silvan]] and [[Sindar]] Elves, [[Ents]], [[Eagles]]
| realms=[[Khazad-dûm]], numerous Orc-realms
| description=The largest mountain range in [[Middle-earth]]
| events=The [[Great Journey]] of the Elves, awakening of [[Durin I]], awakening of the [[Balrog]], dominion of the Orcs, [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]]
| references=''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[The Silmarillion]], [[The Lord of the Rings]]''
|}}

The '''Misty Mountains''' or '''Mountains of Mist''' ('''''Hithaeglir''''' in [[Sindarin]]{{ref|1}} as a plural) was a great mountain range that lay between [[Eriador]] in the west and the Great River [[Anduin]] in the east. They ran 795 miles (1,280 kilometers) from [[Mount Gundabad]] in the far north to [[Methedras]] in the south. Some of the peaks may have been as high as 12,000 feet (3,660 meters){{ref|2}}.

== Geographic Features ==
The most important peaks were [[Mount Gundabad]], [[Redhorn]], [[Silvertine]], [[Cloudyhead]], and [[Methedras]].

=== Important Peaks ===
The northernmost peak of the Misty Mountains was Mount Gundabad, where according to legend [[Durin I|Durin]], eldest of the [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves]], awoke. Later it became a haven for Orcs.

The greatest [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] realm in Middle-Earth, [[Khazad-dûm]], was located at the midpoint of the Misty Mountains. The city was built under three peaks, Redhorn (''[[Caradhras]]'' in Sindarin), Silvertine (''[[Celebdil]]''), and Cloudyhead (''[[Fanuidhol]]''). Inside Silvertine the Dwarves built the [[Endless Stair]], a stairway from the foundations of the mountain to its peak. The southernmost mountain was Methedras (Sindarin for "Last Peak").
[[Image:Alan Lee - The Redhorn Gate.jpg|thumb|250px|''The Redhorn Gate'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
=== Passes over the Misty Mountains ===
The most important passes were the [[High Pass]] and the [[Redhorn Pass]]. There was also a pass at the source of the [[Gladden River]].

=== Routes around the Misty Mountains ===
The [[Gap of Rohan]] was a passable valley between the southernmost peak of the Misty Mountains and the northernmost of the [[White Mountains]]. In the far north the Misty Mountains formed a '''T''' with the [[Grey Mountains]], preventing a northern route around them.

== History ==
=== Origins ===
The Misty Mountains were created by the [[Vala]] [[Melkor]] during the [[Years of the Trees]] as a hindrance for [[Oromë]], who would hunt his fell creatures. They would later serve as a deterrent for the Elves during the [[Great Journey]], causing some to turn south. The Elves that would not cross the Misty Mountains would become the [[Nandor]].

=== Inhabitants ===
[[Dwarves]], [[Orcs]], [[Elves]], [[Men]], [[Hobbits]], [[Eagles]], and [[Ents]] all lived beneath or alongside the Misty Mountains.

====Dwarves====
The great Dwarven city of [[Khazad-dûm]] (later called the "Black Pit" of [[Moria]]) was located near the middle of the mountain chain. There [[Durin's folk]] lived for thousands of years with a kingdom which spread as far as Gundabad and as far east as the [[Iron Hills]]. Until the awakening of [[Durin's Bane]], which drove the Dwarves from their city. It also seems that some Dwarves either before or after the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], dwelt on the eastern side of the mountains near Goblin-town.

When the Dwarves were strong, the mountains were generally free of Orcs, but when the [[Shadow]] was strong, Orcs bred in Mount Gundabad, in [[Goblin-town]] (where [[Bilbo Baggins]] found the [[One Ring]]), later in Moria itself, and everywhere in between.

====Elves====
The Elven enclave of [[Rivendell]], the home of [[Elrond]], was built in the western foothills beneath High Pass. On the eastern side of the mountains, near the source of the [[Silverlode]] river, lay the Kingdom of [[Lórien in Middle-earth|Lorien]] under the rule of Lord [[Celeborn, Lord of Lórien|Celeborn]] and Lady [[Galadriel]]. While Elves guarded both sides of the Misty Mountains, few ever crossed them.

====Men====
The land east of the Misty Mountains and south of the Grey Mountains was the ancestral home of the [[Éothéod]], the forefathers of the [[Rohirrim]]. Their capital was [[Framsburg]].

====Wraiths====
In the [[Third Age]] the [[Witch-king of Angmar|Witch-king]] built the Kingdom of [[Angmar]] in the western lands between the Misty Mountains and the Mountains of Angmar. The evil country was peopled by fallen Men, Orcs, and other creatures of [[Sauron]]. Its capital was [[Carn Dûm]]. At the southern tip of the Misty Mountains, beneath Methedras, was [[Isengard]], which was originally a [[Gondor|Gondorian]] fortress but was later given to [[Saruman]]. In the Third Age the south lands were protected by [[Rohan]].

====Hobbits====
Hobbits lived for untold years along the foothills of the Misty Mountains near the [[Vales of Anduin]]. Around Third Age 1050, the Hobbit group known as the [[Harfoots]] migrated west across the Misty Mountains, fleeing the ever more numerous Men and the Shadow growing in [[Mirkwood]]. Later the other two groups of Hobbits, the [[Stoors]] and [[Fallohides]], migrated west as well, until by 2500 no Hobbits could be found east of the mountains.

====Eagles====
Near the east exit of Goblin-town was the Eagles kept an eyrie to keep watch on the Orcs. Much further south, Ents guarded [[Fangorn Forest]], the last remnant of the great [[Southern Forest]] that surrounded the Misty Mountains eons ago.

=== In the Third Age ===
[[Thorin and Company]] used the High Pass to cross the Misty Mountains, and were captured by the Orcs of Goblin-town.

Later the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] tried to cross Redhorn Pass, after choosing not to use the High Pass or the Gap of Rohan because of the threat of Orcs patrols or Saruman's forces. A powerful blizzard blocked the Redhorn Pass, forcing the Fellowship to journey through Moria. There they faced the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] that ruled the mines. Gandalf slew the Balrog by throwing it from the Silvertine, but sacrificied his own life in doing so.

== "Misty Mountains" Outside of Tolkien ==
* [[Led Zeppelin]] recorded a song, "[[Misty Mountain Hop]]", which seems to have borrowed the name but little else from Tolkien. Several other Led Zeppelin songs contain Tolkien references.
* Robert Jordan's fantasy series ''The Wheel of Time'' also features a mountain range called the ''Mountains of Mist''.

== Notes ==
# {{note|1}} The Hithaeglir were mispelled as "Hithaiglin" on the original ''[[The Lord of the Rings|Lord of the Rings]]'' map.
# {{note|2}}Their height as calculated in ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' by [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]]. This would make the Misty Mountains of similar height as the Alps in Europe, which makes sense, since Tolkien visited the Alps in his youth and was greatly impressed by them.

==References==
* ''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Over Hill and Under Hill]]
* ''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Out of the Frying-Pan into the Fire]]
* ''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Riddles in the Dark]]
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[Many Meetings]]
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Council of Elrond]]
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Ring goes South]]
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[A Journey in the Dark]]
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[The Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]
* ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', [[Lothlórien (chapter)|Lothlórien]]
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]]
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix B]]
* ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Aulë and Yavanna]]
* ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]
* [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]''

[[category:Mountain ranges]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Orc-Dwellings]]
[[Category:Dwarven Realms]]

Eä

2010-07-06T17:25:07Z

Glaurung the Golden:

{{Pronounce|Ea.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Eä''' (pronounced {{IPA|[ˈe.a]}}) is the [[Quenya]] name for the universe, as a realization of the vision of the [[Ainur]]. Thus, Eä is ''the World that Is'', as distinguished from ''the World that Is Not''. It may thus be assumed that everything outside Eä, including the [[Timeless Halls]] of [[Eru Ilúvatar|Ilúvatar]], has no material form.

The Ainur, angelic beings from the Timeless Halls beyond Eä, refer to it as "the Little Kingdom". This refers to the fact that within the mind of Eru Ilúvatar (God, in Tolkien's legendarium), all creation that human can see is really just a tiny thing in comparison.
==Etymology==
''[[ea (verb)|Eä]]'' was the word spoken by Eru Ilúvatar by which he brought the universe into actuality.

==Inspiration==
This act of creation recalls the Biblical creation narrative, in which God began creating the world with the verbal command, "Let there be light." It also invokes Egyptian myths of creation, in which Ptah, god of creation (Amun, or Amun-Re was the god of creation in earlier Egyptian mythology), creates the world by speaking his own name.
{{cosmology}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ea}}
[[Category:Cosmology]]
[[Category:Quenya locations]]
[[de:Ea]]
[[fi:Eä]]

Isildur

2010-06-26T17:38:04Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* Titles */

{{sources}}
{{numenorean
| image=[[Image:Isildur.jpg|250px]]
| name=Isildur
| othernames=
| birth=[[Second Age 3209|S.A. 3209]]
| rule=[[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]] until death (2 years)
| death=[[October 4]], [[Third Age 2|T.A. 2]]
| age=234 years
| party=The [[Faithful]]
| language=[[Quenya]]
| gender=Male
| height=Nigh 7 feet
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey
| parentage=[[Elendil]]
| siblings=[[Anárion]]
| spouse=
| children=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], [[Ciryon]], [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]
|}}{{Pronounce|Isildur.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Isildur''' was a [[Dúnedain|Dúnadan]] of [[Númenor]], the elder son of [[Elendil]], [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of the [[Realms in Exile]]. He was briefly the second king of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]]. His name means "Devoted to the [[Moon]]".

== History ==
Isildur was born in Númenor, the eldest son of Elendil son of [[Amandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Amandil]], the last [[Lords of Andúnië|Lord of Andúnië]]. His younger brother was [[Anárion]]. Isildur had four sons, [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], [[Ciryon]], and [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], though his wife was never named.

In his youth, Isildur stole a fruit of [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]] before it was cut down, preserving the line of the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]], and later planted a seedling in the city of [[Minas Anor]].

Isildur together with his father and brother were saved from the Downfall of Númenor when they fled for [[Middle-earth]]. Isildur and Anárion landed in the south and established the realm of [[Gondor]], while their father landed in the north, founding the realm of [[Arnor]].

Isildur lived on the east bank of the river [[Anduin]] and established the city of [[Minas Ithil]] (which would later be named ''Minas Morgul''), as well as the province of [[Ithilien]]. However, in 3428 [[Sauron]] captured Minas Ithil, and Isildur fled down the Anduin, then northwest to Gil-galad in Lindon and his father in Arnor, leaving Anárion to rule over Gondor.

He returned with his father and the [[Elves|Elven]] High King [[Gil-galad]] in the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] in 3434 with their combined armies. His father and Gil-galad threw down Sauron, winning the battle, though both were slain. Isildur took the hilt shard of his father's sword [[Narsil]], which had broken beneath Elendil in the combat with Sauron, and used it to cut the [[One Ring]] from Sauron's finger.

Ignoring the advice of [[Elrond]] and [[Círdan]], lieutenant of Gil-galad, he did not destroy the Ring, instead claiming it as an heirloom for his House.

After the fall of Sauron, Isildur left [[Meneldil]], son of his brother [[Anárion]], in charge of Gondor, and returned north to [[Arnor]] with his three sons. His fourth son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] had stayed behind in [[Rivendell]]. At the [[Gladden Fields]], Isildur was ambushed by roaming [[Orcs]], and due to the Ring's treachery he was killed, losing the Ring in the river [[Anduin]].

He was the last king to rule both Gondor and Arnor until [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] reunited the Kingdom at the end of the [[Third Age]].

In the riddling rhyme "Seek for the Sword that was Broken" the Ring is referred to cryptically as ''Isildur's Bane''.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ELE | | | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | ISI | | ANA | | | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]|ANA=[[Anárion]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree | ELE | | ARA | | CIR | | VAL |ELE=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]]|ARA=[[Aratan]]|CIR=[[Ciryon]]|VAL=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELD |ELD=[[Eldacar (King of Arnor)|Eldacar]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
[[Image:Peter Jackson's Isildur1.jpg|thumb|[[Harry Sinclair]] as Isildur in [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]]]]
'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:Prince Isildur is mentioned in the [[Prologue: A Ring's Tale (1978 scene)|prologue]], and he is shown to cut the Ring off Sauron's hand in battle, rather than from a defeated Sauron.

'''2001-2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:Isildur briefly appears in the first scenes of [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring|the first film]], and in an extended flashback scene in [[Peter Jackson's The Two Towers|the second]]. Isildur is played by [[Harry Sinclair]]. Sinclair, a friend of [[Peter Jackson]], was asked because he was the most corrupt looking person Jackson knew. Sinclair had only one line, "No!", which was dubbed by [[Hugo Weaving]].

:In the movie, Isildur apparently is the last king of Gondor; Anárion and heirs and Arnor do not appear at all. However, in the Extended Editions both Arnor and the House of Anárion are mentioned, and at times it is clear that Isildur was not the last King, so this might be dialogue error. The story of Isildur's succumbing to the temptation of the Ring bothers Aragorn who fears that he could have the same weakness (a fear that is not evident in the book).

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':'''

:In the game starts with a prologue, where you have to play with Isildur beneath Mount Doom. After you complete the mission you see how Isildur defeats Sauron.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Isildur appears only in cinematics battling [[Sauron]]. However, in the expansion of the game, Isildur is mentioned more detailed in the [[Angmar]] campaign.

== Titles ==
{{sequence
|prev=[[Elendil]]
|next=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]
|list=2nd [[King of Arnor]] [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]] – [[Third Age 2|T.A. 2]]
}} 
{{sequence
|prev=[[Elendil]]
|next=[[Meneldil]]
|list=2nd [[King of Gondor]] [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]] – [[Third Age 2|T.A. 2]]
}} 
{{sequence
|prev=[[Elendil]]
|next=[[Aragorn II]] 3,017 years later
|list=2nd [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of the [[Two Kingdoms]] [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]] – [[Third Age 2|T.A. 2]]
}} 
{{sequence
|prev=
|next=[[Déagol]], c. 2461 years later
|list=[[Ring-bearer]] [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]] – [[Third Age 2|T.A. 2]]}}
{{northernline}}

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Isildur|Images of Isildur]]
[[Category:House of Elendil]]
[[Category:House of Isildur| ]]
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]

Isildur

2010-06-26T17:34:16Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* Titles */

{{sources}}
{{numenorean
| image=[[Image:Isildur.jpg|250px]]
| name=Isildur
| othernames=
| birth=[[Second Age 3209|S.A. 3209]]
| rule=[[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]] until death (2 years)
| death=[[October 4]], [[Third Age 2|T.A. 2]]
| age=234 years
| party=The [[Faithful]]
| language=[[Quenya]]
| gender=Male
| height=Nigh 7 feet
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey
| parentage=[[Elendil]]
| siblings=[[Anárion]]
| spouse=
| children=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], [[Ciryon]], [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]
|}}{{Pronounce|Isildur.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Isildur''' was a [[Dúnedain|Dúnadan]] of [[Númenor]], the elder son of [[Elendil]], [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of the [[Realms in Exile]]. He was briefly the second king of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]]. His name means "Devoted to the [[Moon]]".

== History ==
Isildur was born in Númenor, the eldest son of Elendil son of [[Amandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Amandil]], the last [[Lords of Andúnië|Lord of Andúnië]]. His younger brother was [[Anárion]]. Isildur had four sons, [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], [[Ciryon]], and [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], though his wife was never named.

In his youth, Isildur stole a fruit of [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]] before it was cut down, preserving the line of the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]], and later planted a seedling in the city of [[Minas Anor]].

Isildur together with his father and brother were saved from the Downfall of Númenor when they fled for [[Middle-earth]]. Isildur and Anárion landed in the south and established the realm of [[Gondor]], while their father landed in the north, founding the realm of [[Arnor]].

Isildur lived on the east bank of the river [[Anduin]] and established the city of [[Minas Ithil]] (which would later be named ''Minas Morgul''), as well as the province of [[Ithilien]]. However, in 3428 [[Sauron]] captured Minas Ithil, and Isildur fled down the Anduin, then northwest to Gil-galad in Lindon and his father in Arnor, leaving Anárion to rule over Gondor.

He returned with his father and the [[Elves|Elven]] High King [[Gil-galad]] in the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] in 3434 with their combined armies. His father and Gil-galad threw down Sauron, winning the battle, though both were slain. Isildur took the hilt shard of his father's sword [[Narsil]], which had broken beneath Elendil in the combat with Sauron, and used it to cut the [[One Ring]] from Sauron's finger.

Ignoring the advice of [[Elrond]] and [[Círdan]], lieutenant of Gil-galad, he did not destroy the Ring, instead claiming it as an heirloom for his House.

After the fall of Sauron, Isildur left [[Meneldil]], son of his brother [[Anárion]], in charge of Gondor, and returned north to [[Arnor]] with his three sons. His fourth son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] had stayed behind in [[Rivendell]]. At the [[Gladden Fields]], Isildur was ambushed by roaming [[Orcs]], and due to the Ring's treachery he was killed, losing the Ring in the river [[Anduin]].

He was the last king to rule both Gondor and Arnor until [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] reunited the Kingdom at the end of the [[Third Age]].

In the riddling rhyme "Seek for the Sword that was Broken" the Ring is referred to cryptically as ''Isildur's Bane''.

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ELE | | | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | ISI | | ANA | | | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]|ANA=[[Anárion]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree | ELE | | ARA | | CIR | | VAL |ELE=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]]|ARA=[[Aratan]]|CIR=[[Ciryon]]|VAL=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELD |ELD=[[Eldacar (King of Arnor)|Eldacar]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
[[Image:Peter Jackson's Isildur1.jpg|thumb|[[Harry Sinclair]] as Isildur in [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]]]]
'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:Prince Isildur is mentioned in the [[Prologue: A Ring's Tale (1978 scene)|prologue]], and he is shown to cut the Ring off Sauron's hand in battle, rather than from a defeated Sauron.

'''2001-2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:Isildur briefly appears in the first scenes of [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring|the first film]], and in an extended flashback scene in [[Peter Jackson's The Two Towers|the second]]. Isildur is played by [[Harry Sinclair]]. Sinclair, a friend of [[Peter Jackson]], was asked because he was the most corrupt looking person Jackson knew. Sinclair had only one line, "No!", which was dubbed by [[Hugo Weaving]].

:In the movie, Isildur apparently is the last king of Gondor; Anárion and heirs and Arnor do not appear at all. However, in the Extended Editions both Arnor and the House of Anárion are mentioned, and at times it is clear that Isildur was not the last King, so this might be dialogue error. The story of Isildur's succumbing to the temptation of the Ring bothers Aragorn who fears that he could have the same weakness (a fear that is not evident in the book).

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':'''

:In the game starts with a prologue, where you have to play with Isildur beneath Mount Doom. After you complete the mission you see how Isildur defeats Sauron.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Isildur appears only in cinematics battling [[Sauron]]. However, in the expansion of the game, Isildur is mentioned more detailed in the [[Angmar]] campaign.

== Titles ==
{{sequence
|prev=[[Elendil]]
|next=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]
|list=2nd [[King of Arnor]] [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]] – [[Third Age 2|T.A. 2]]
}} 
{{sequence
|prev=[[Elendil]]
|next=[[Meneldil]]
|list=2nd [[King of Gondor]] [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]] – [[Third Age 2|T.A. 2]]
}} 
{{sequence
|prev=[[Elendil]]
|next=[[Aragorn II]] 3,017 years later
|list=2nd [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of the [[Two Kingdoms]] [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]] – [[Third Age 2|T.A. 2]]
}} 
{{sequence
|prev=[[Isildur]]
|next=[[Déagol]], c. 2461 years later
|list=[[Ring-bearer]] [[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]] – [[Third Age 2|T.A. 2]]}}
{{northernline}}

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Isildur|Images of Isildur]]
[[Category:House of Elendil]]
[[Category:House of Isildur| ]]
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]

Sauron

2010-06-26T17:32:38Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* See also */

{{expansion}}{{sources}}
{{evil infobox
| image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Sauron.jpg|250px]]
| name=Sauron
| othernames= Mairon, [[Annatar]], [[Necromancer]]
| created=Before the [[Music of the Ainur]]
| years=c. [[Second Age 500|S.A. 500]]-[[Second Age 3441|S.A. 3441]], c. [[Third Age 1000|T.A. 1000]]-[[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]]
| age=
| destroyed=[[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]]
| realm=[[Tol Sirion]], [[Dol Guldur]], [[Mordor]]
| gender=Male
| race=[[Maiar]]
| appearance=Took bat form, wolf form, fair form. Confined to monstrous appearance after [[Downfall of Númenor]]
| accomplishments=Deceived the [[Elves]] into forging [[Rings of Power]], made the [[One Ring]], corrupted [[Númenor]], seduced [[Saruman]], nearly took over [[Middle-earth]]
|}}
{{pronounce|Quenya - Mairon.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
{{pronounce|Quenya - Sauron.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Gorthaur.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
'''Sauron''' was the Chief Lieutenant of [[Morgoth]], who after his fall became another Dark Lord, and ultimately walked down the same ruinous path to oblivion. Sauron was the chief enemy in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]].

==History==
=== First Age ===
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Huan Subdues Sauron.jpg|thumb|right|''Huan Subdues Sauron'', by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
In origin, Sauron was a [[Maiar|Maia]] named ''[[Mairon]]''. In the earliest of days he was among people of [[Aulë]], the Smith the ruling powers of the world. However, Mairon was soon ensnared by Melkor ([[Morgoth]]), who wished to rule and order all Arda. Mairon was renamed Sauron served Morgoth faithfully, and even in later days, after Morgoth was defeated and locked outside the confines of the world, Sauron encouraged and coerced [[Men]] to worship Morgoth as a God. However, while Morgoth wanted to either control or destroy the very matter of [[Arda]] itself, Sauron's desire was to dominate the minds and wills of its creatures. It was in this that Sauron was perhaps more practical than his master Morgoth.

During the [[First Age]], the [[Noldor]]in [[Elves]] left the [[Blessed Realm]] of [[Valinor]] in the [[Aman|Utter West]] (against the counsel of the Valar) in order to wage war on Morgoth, who had stolen the precious [[Silmarils]]. In that war, Sauron served as Morgoth's chief lieutenant, surpassing all others in rank. Known as '''''Gorthaur the Cruel''''', Sauron at that time was a master of illusions and changes of form, and [[Werewolves]] were his servants, chief among them [[Draugluin]], Sire of Werewolves, and [[Thuringwethil]], his vampire herald. When Morgoth left [[Angband]] to corrupt the newly awakened [[Men]], Sauron directed the War against the [[Elves]]. He conquered the Elvish isle of [[Tol Sirion]], so that it became known as ''Tol-in-Gaurhoth'', the Isle of Werewolves.

Ten years later, [[Finrod Felagund]], the king of [[Nargothrond]] and former lord of [[Tol Sirion]], died protecting [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] in captivity there; soon afterwards, [[Lúthien]] and [[Huan]] the Wolfhound defeated Sauron in that place and rescued Beren from the dungeons. After his resounding defeat by Lúthien, Sauron played little part in the events of the First Age (possibly hiding from Morgoth), and after his master was defeated and cast out by the Valar, Sauron repented and pled for mercy. But he was unwilling to return to the Utter West for judgment, and so he fled and hid.

=== Second Age ===
[[Image:AnnatarLarge.png|thumb|left|''Annatar'' as envisioned by [[Weta Workshop|Weta]] from [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]]]
After lying hidden and dormant for about one thousand years, Sauron put on a fair visage in the [[Second Age]]. Calling himself '''''Annatar''''', the Lord of Gifts, he befriended the Elvish smiths of [[Eregion]], and counseled them in arts and magic. Not all the Elves trusted him, particularly Lady [[Galadriel]] and [[Gil-galad]], High King of the Ñoldor, but few listened to them. The Elves forged [[Rings of Power]], but in secret Sauron forged the [[One Ring]] in [[Mount Doom]] to rule the other rings, investing most of his own power into the Ring as he forged it.

In this time Sauron became known as the [[Dark Lord]] of [[Mordor]]. He raised [[Barad-dûr]], the Dark Tower, near Mount Doom; constructed the [[Black Gate]] of Mordor to prevent invasion; corrupted nine mortal Men with Rings of Power and turned them into the [[Nazgûl]] (Ringwraiths), his chief servants; and raised massive armies of [[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], and Men, chiefly [[Easterlings]] and [[Southrons]].

Sauron's power reached its zenith 700 years after Mordor's creation, in the 17th century of the Second Age. Immediately after Sauron created the One Ring, Celebrimbor and the other Ring-bearers realized his treachery went to war with him. The [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] was a bloody conflict which destroyed Eregion and devastated much of Eriador. Celebrimbor was slain and his body impaled on a spike paraded at the head of Sauron's legions. The Elves were pushed back almost to the Blue Mountains, while their Dwarf allies (who had also rejected Sauron) retreated behind the walls of [[Moria]] where Sauron could not assail them. Sauron was master of almost all of Middle-earth beyond the coasts, but the Numenoreans responded to the Elves' call for aid and sent a relief force. The combined armies rallied and were able to defeat Sauron's armies in Eriador after heavy fighting, and the Dark Lord fled back to Mordor with little more than his own bodyguard.

Nonetheless, while Sauron's subsequent power never quiet matched the height it had during the War with the elves, many of his most powerful enemies' homelands had been devastated. ''Relative'' to his enemies, Sauron's empire was actually in a stronger position than it used to be. His empire continued to expand to dominate barbarian Men to the far south and east. Throughout this, Sauron remained faithful in his old allegiance, building temples to the worship of Morgoth, where human sacrifice was practiced. Because of this, towards the end of the Second Age, Sauron assumed the titles of '''Lord of the Earth''' and '''King of Men'''.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Forging of the One.jpg|thumb|''The Forging of the One'', by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
This offended the Númenóreans, the powerful Men descended from the line of Beren and Lúthien, who lived on the island of Númenor in the sea between Middle-earth and Valinor. The proud Númenóreans came to Middle-earth with great force of arms, and Sauron's forces fled. Realizing he could not defeat the Numenoreans with military strength, Sauron allowed himself to be taken as a hostage to Númenor by King [[Ar-Pharazôn]]. There, he quickly grew from captive to advisor and was known as '''Tar-Mairon'''; he converted many Númenóreans to the worship of Morgoth, and raised a great temple in which he performed human sacrifices. Finally, he convinced the king to rebel against the Valar and attack Valinor itself. [[Eru]], the supreme god, then directly intervened: Númenor was drowned under the sea, and the great navy of Númenor was destroyed. Sauron was diminished in the flood of Númenor, and fled back to Mordor, where he slowly rebuilt his strength during the time known as the [[Dark Years]].

From this point on he was unable to assume a fair shape, and ruled now through terror and force. A few faithful Númenóreans were saved from the flood, and they founded [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] in Middle-earth. These faithful Men, led by [[Elendil]] and his sons, allied with the Elven-king, Gil-galad, and together fought Sauron and, after a long war, defeated him, although both Elendil and Gil-galad were killed. [[Isildur]], son of Elendil, cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger and claimed it. Later, the Ring betrayed him and was lost for more than two thousand years.

=== Third Age ===
In the [[Third Age]], Sauron rose yet again, at first in a stronghold called [[Dol Guldur]], the Hill of Sorcery, in southern [[Mirkwood]]. There he was known as the '''''[[Necromancer]]''''', and the Elves did not recognize him at first. [[Gandalf]] the [[Wizards|Wizard]] stole into Dol Guldur and discovered the truth; eventually the [[White Council]] of Wizards and Elves put forth their might and drove Sauron out. But the White Council was led by [[Saruman]], who wanted the Ring for himself, and for this reason, he did not want to attack Dol Guldur. When Gandalf insisted on an attack again, the White Council did attack. Unfortunately, this time Sauron was already prepared for an attack and escaped to Mordor, rebuilding and fortifying his fortress Barad-Dûr. He now fortified Mordor and prepared for war against Gondor and the Elves, using his new ally Saruman to defeat Rohan.

Sauron bred immense armies of Orcs and allies with which enslaved Men from the east and south. He adopted the symbol of a lidless eye, and he was able at that time to send out his will over Middle-earth, so that the [[Eye of Sauron]] was a symbol of power and fear.

After torturing Gollum, he learned that the One Ring had been found by [[Bilbo Baggins]]. He sent his deadliest servants, the [[Nazgûl]], to the [[Shire]], only to find that both Bilbo and his nephew, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], had departed. Unbeknownst to Sauron, Frodo had, at the behest of Gandalf, joined the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] on a quest to destroy the Ring. He rallied his vast armies to conquer the resistance's strongholds, and sent the Ringwraiths to find and kill Frodo. At about this time, he also learned that [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]], Isildur's heir, had also joined the Fellowship, and was rallying armies to defeat his.

[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Shadow of Sauron.jpg|thumb|220px|left|''The Shadow of Sauron'', by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
When Saruman's army was defeated at [[Isengard]], Aragorn used the Palantir of [[Orthanc]] to reveal himself to Sauron. Sauron made the premature conclusion that Aragorn had the Ring, and sent an army commanded by his strongest servant, the Witch-King of Angmar, to overthrow [[Minas Tirith (Gondor)|Minas Tirith]]. This battle would become known as the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].

Although Sauron lost the Battle of Pelennor Fields, the free forces of the West were greatly weakened, and Sauron still had sufficent armies in reserve to ensure military victory. He was outwitted, however, by the strategy of Gandalf, who urged the captains of the [[Free peoples]] to march against Sauron, thus diverting the Dark Lord's eye from the real threat of Frodo, the Ring Bearer, who was nearing the end of his quest to destroy the One Ring.

Frodo, however, failed at the last moment, unable to resist the power of the Ring at the place of its birth. But Gollum inadvertently saved him by recovering the Ring in a desperate attempt to possess it, and then falling with it into the fire. Thus Sauron's power was unmade, and his corporeal power in Middle-earth came to an end. His spirit towered above Mordor like a black cloud, but was blown away by a [[Manwë|powerful wind]] from the [[Aman|West]]. Sauron was now permanently crippled, never to rise again. Saruman would suffer a similar fate.

==Etymology ==
[[Image:Elena Kozlova - Sauron.jpg|thumb|right|''Sauron'' by [[Elena Kozlova]]]]
In some of Tolkien's notes from the 1950's, it is said that Sauron's original name was '''Mairon''', "the admirable" ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈmaɪron]}}), "but this was altered after he was suborned by Melkor. But he continued to call himself Mairon the Admirable, or Tar-mairon 'King Excellent', until after Númenor's downfall." ([[Parma Eldalamberon]] 17, 183)

'''''Sauron''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈsaʊron]}}; originally '''''Þauron''''', {{IPA|[ˈθaʊron]}}) is [[Quenya]], and can be translated as ''the Abhorred'' or ''the Abomination''. It is pronounced "sour-on" (''sour'' as in not sweet). In [[Sindarin]] he is called '''''Gorthaur''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡorθaʊr]}}) and also he was known as the [[Necromancer]], ''the Abhorred Dread'' and the '''Nameless Enemy''', which is hardly accurate (but perhaps an effort to lessen his psychological impact), whereas Morgoth is the Dark Enemy. The Dúnedain call him '''Sauron the Deceiver''' due to his role in the downfall of Númenor and the Forging of the Rings of Power. His two most common titles, the Dark Lord of Mordor and the ''Lord of the Rings'', appear only a few times in the books. His other titles were similar to Morgoth's.

== Other Versions of the Legendarium ==
Prior to the publication of ''The Silmarillion'' Sauron's origins and true identity were unclear to those without full access to Tolkien's notes. In early editions of the ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth|Guide to Middle Earth]]'', Sauron is described as "probably of the Eldar elves."

Since the earliest versions of the ''Silmarillion'' legendarium as detailed in [[the History of Middle-earth]] series, Sauron has undergone many changes. The prototype of this character was '''[[Tevildo]]''', lord of the cats, who played the role later taken by Sauron in the earliest version of the story of [[Beren Erchamion|Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part 2|The Book of Lost Tales]]'', the '''[[Tale of Tinúviel]]'''. Tevildo later (but still in the ''Book of Lost Tales'' period) was transformed into '''[[Thû]]''', the Necromancer. The name was then changed to '''Gorthû''', '''Sûr''', and finally to Sauron. ''Gorthû'', in the form ''Gorthaur'' remained in ''The Silmarillion''.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==

==See also==
*'''[[:Category:Images of Sauron|Images of Sauron]]'''
*[[The Dark Lord Sauron polystone statue]]
[[Mordor]]

{{references}}
*[[Akallabêth]]
*[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]

{{sequence
|prev=''none''
|next=[[Isildur]]
|list=[[Ring-bearer]] c. [[Second Age 1600|S.A. 1600]] – [[Second Age 3441|3441]]}}{{ainur}}

[[Category:Mordor and Sauron| ]]
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Servants of Melkor]]

[[de:Sauron]]
[[fi:Sauron]]

Golfimbul

2010-06-02T13:01:34Z

Glaurung the Golden:

{{orc infobox
|image=[[Image:SBG - Golfimbul.gif|125px]]
|name=Golfimbul
|othernames=
|birth=
|death=[[Third Age 2747|T.A 2747]]
|race=[[Goblins]] or Orcs
|gender=Male
|height=
|hair=
|eyes=
}}
'''Golfimbul''' was an [[Orc]]-chieftain of [[Mount Gram]].

==History==
Golfimbul led a band of his [[Orcs]] in an invasion of the [[Shire]] in [[Third Age 2747]]. He was met by [[Bandobras Took]] in the [[Northfarthing]] of [[the Shire]], and defeated in the [[Battle of Greenfields]]. During the battle, Bandobras charged at Golfimbul and knocked off his head with a club. Golfimbul's head flew through the air for 100 yards and went down a rabbit hole. It is said that this is how the game of [[golf]] was invented.

==Etymology==
"fimbul" is Old Norse for "great".
==See Also==
*[[:Category:Images of Golfimbul|Images of Golfimbul]]

==References==
* {{HM|H}}, "[[An Unexpected Party]]"

[[Category:Orcs]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Evil]]
[[de:Golfimbul]]
[[fi:Golfimbul]]

Mount Gram

2010-06-02T13:00:13Z

Glaurung the Golden:

{{location
| image=[[Image:Rob Alexander - Mount Gram.jpg|250px]]
| name=Mount Gram
| type=Mountain
| location=Arnor
| inhabitants=[[Goblins]]
| realms=
| description=
| othernames=
| etymology=
| events=[[Battle of Greenfields]]
| references=
|}}
'''Mount Gram''' was a mountain of unspecified location.

==History==
Mount Gram was inhabited by [[Orcs]] led by their King [[Golfimbul]]. In [[Third Age 2747]] they attacked much of northern [[Eriador]], but were defeated in the [[Battle of Greenfields]].<ref>{{HM|H}}, "[[An Unexpected Party]]"</ref>

==Location==
The location of Mount Gram has never been established. It is generally assumed that it is one of the [[Misty Mountains]]; [[Robert Foster]] calls it such (without citing a specific source or reason to do so),<ref>[[Robert Foster]], ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth]]'', page 273</ref> and [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] (also without explanation) places it on a promontory in the [[Ettenmoors]].<ref>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', pages 75, 80</ref> However, as any confirmation lacks, the mountain could be anywhere within the northern Eriador region.
{{references}}

[[Category:Mountains|Gram]]
[[Category:Orc-Dwellings|Gram]]
[[de:Gram (Berg)]]
[[fi:Gramin vuori]]

North Germanic languages

2010-05-26T16:12:09Z

Glaurung the Golden:

he North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is sometimes referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish, Swedish and Norwegian scholars and laypeople. In Scandinavia, Scandinavian language(s) is also used as a term referring specifically to the mutually intelligible languages of the three Scandinavian countries.
The term "North Germanic languages" is used in genetic linguistics, while the term "Scandinavian languages" appears in studies of the modern standard languages and the dialect continuum of Scandinavia.
Approximately 20 million people in the Nordic countries have a Scandinavian language as their mother tongue, including a Swedish minority in Finland. Languages belonging to the North Germanic language tree are, to some extent, spoken on Greenland and by immigrant groups mainly in North America and Australia.

== History ==

From around the year 200 AD, speakers of the [[North Germanic]] branch became distinguishable from the other Germanic language speakers. The early development of this language branch is attested through Runic inscriptions.
After the Proto-Norse and [[Old Norse]] periods, the North Germanic languages developed into an East Scandinavian branch, consisting of Danish and Swedish; and a West Scandinavian branch, consisting of Norwegian, Faroese and Icelandic. [[Scandinavia]]n settlers brought [[Old North Germanic]] to Iceland and the Faroe islands around 800 CE. Of the modern Scandinavian languages, written Icelandic is closest to this ancient language. An additional language, known as Norn, developed on Orkney and Shetland after Vikings had settled there around 800 CE, but this language became extinct around 1700.
In medieval times, speakers of all the Scandinavian languages could understand one another and they referred to it as a single language, called the "Danish tongue" until the 13th century in Sweden and Iceland. In the 16th century, Danes and Swedes still referred to North Germanic as a single language, which is stated in the introduction to the first Danish translation of the Bible and in Olaus Magnus' A Description of the Northern Peoples.
Yet, by 1600, the genetic East Scandinavian and West Scandinavian branches had become reconfigured from a syntactic point of view into an insular group (Icelandic and Faroese) and a continental group (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish). The division between Insular Scandinavian (ö-nordisk/ø-nordisk) and Continental Scandinavian (Skandinavisk) developed due to different influences, and is based on the degree of mutual intelligibility between the languages in the two groups.

== References ==
Wikipedia

North Germanic languages

2010-05-26T16:11:47Z

Glaurung the Golden:

he North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is sometimes referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish, Swedish and Norwegian scholars and laypeople. In Scandinavia, Scandinavian language(s) is also used as a term referring specifically to the mutually intelligible languages of the three Scandinavian countries.
The term "North Germanic languages" is used in genetic linguistics, while the term "Scandinavian languages" appears in studies of the modern standard languages and the dialect continuum of Scandinavia.
Approximately 20 million people in the Nordic countries have a Scandinavian language as their mother tongue,[4] including a Swedish minority in Finland. Languages belonging to the North Germanic language tree are, to some extent, spoken on Greenland and by immigrant groups mainly in North America and Australia.

== History ==

From around the year 200 AD, speakers of the [[North Germanic]] branch became distinguishable from the other Germanic language speakers. The early development of this language branch is attested through Runic inscriptions.
After the Proto-Norse and [[Old Norse]] periods, the North Germanic languages developed into an East Scandinavian branch, consisting of Danish and Swedish; and a West Scandinavian branch, consisting of Norwegian, Faroese and Icelandic. [[Scandinavia]]n settlers brought [[Old North Germanic]] to Iceland and the Faroe islands around 800 CE. Of the modern Scandinavian languages, written Icelandic is closest to this ancient language. An additional language, known as Norn, developed on Orkney and Shetland after Vikings had settled there around 800 CE, but this language became extinct around 1700.
In medieval times, speakers of all the Scandinavian languages could understand one another and they referred to it as a single language, called the "Danish tongue" until the 13th century in Sweden and Iceland. In the 16th century, Danes and Swedes still referred to North Germanic as a single language, which is stated in the introduction to the first Danish translation of the Bible and in Olaus Magnus' A Description of the Northern Peoples.
Yet, by 1600, the genetic East Scandinavian and West Scandinavian branches had become reconfigured from a syntactic point of view into an insular group (Icelandic and Faroese) and a continental group (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish). The division between Insular Scandinavian (ö-nordisk/ø-nordisk) and Continental Scandinavian (Skandinavisk) developed due to different influences, and is based on the degree of mutual intelligibility between the languages in the two groups.

== References ==
Wikipedia

North Germanic languages

2010-05-26T16:10:48Z

Glaurung the Golden: New page: he North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic...

he North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is sometimes referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish, Swedish and Norwegian scholars and laypeople. In Scandinavia, Scandinavian language(s) is also used as a term referring specifically to the mutually intelligible languages of the three Scandinavian countries.
The term "North Germanic languages" is used in genetic linguistics,[1] while the term "Scandinavian languages" appears in studies of the modern standard languages and the dialect continuum of Scandinavia.[2][3]
Approximately 20 million people in the Nordic countries have a Scandinavian language as their mother tongue,[4] including a Swedish minority in Finland. Languages belonging to the North Germanic language tree are, to some extent, spoken on Greenland and by immigrant groups mainly in North America and Australia.

== History ==

From around the year 200 AD, speakers of the [[North Germanic]] branch became distinguishable from the other Germanic language speakers. The early development of this language branch is attested through Runic inscriptions.
After the Proto-Norse and [[Old Norse]] periods, the North Germanic languages developed into an East Scandinavian branch, consisting of Danish and Swedish; and a West Scandinavian branch, consisting of Norwegian, Faroese and Icelandic.[5] [[Scandinavia]]n settlers brought [[Old North Germanic]] to Iceland and the Faroe islands around 800 CE. Of the modern Scandinavian languages, written Icelandic is closest to this ancient language. An additional language, known as Norn, developed on Orkney and Shetland after Vikings had settled there around 800 CE, but this language became extinct around 1700.
In medieval times, speakers of all the Scandinavian languages could understand one another and they referred to it as a single language, called the "Danish tongue" until the 13th century in Sweden and Iceland. In the 16th century, Danes and Swedes still referred to North Germanic as a single language, which is stated in the introduction to the first Danish translation of the Bible and in Olaus Magnus' A Description of the Northern Peoples.
Yet, by 1600, the genetic East Scandinavian and West Scandinavian branches had become reconfigured from a syntactic point of view into an insular group (Icelandic and Faroese) and a continental group (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish). The division between Insular Scandinavian (ö-nordisk/ø-nordisk)[8] and Continental Scandinavian (Skandinavisk) developed due to different influences, and is based on the degree of mutual intelligibility between the languages in the two groups.

== References ==
Wikipedia

Old Norse

2010-05-26T16:05:09Z

Glaurung the Golden: New page: Old Norse is a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300. The chan...

Old Norse is a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of [[Scandinavia]] and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about [[1300]].
The changing processes that distinguish Old Norse from its older form, Proto-Norse, were mostly concluded around the 8th century, and another transitional period that led up to the modern descendants of Old Norse (i.e., the modern [[North Germanic languages]]) started in the mid- to late 14th century, thereby ending the language phase known as Old Norse. These dates, however, are not absolute. For instance, one can still find written Old Norse well into the 15th century.
Most speakers of Old Norse dialects spoke the [[Old East Norse]] dialect originating in what are present-day Denmark and Sweden. In texts which date from the Medieval Icelandic time, writers wrote with Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian dialects. These dialects derive from the Old West Norse dialect.
No clear geographical boundary exists between the two dialects. Old East Norse traits were found in eastern Norway and Old West Norse traits were found in western Sweden.
Old Gutnish, the least known dialectical branch, is sometimes included in the Old East Norse dialect due to geographical associations. It shares traits with both Old West Norse and Old East Norse but had also developed on its own.
The Icelandic Gray Goose Laws state that Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders and Danes spoke the same language, dǫnsk tunga. Speakers of the eastern dialect, spoken in Sweden and Denmark, would have said dansk tunga ("Danish tongue") or norrønt mál ("Nordic language") to name their language.
Gradually, Old Norse splintered into the modern North Germanic languages: Icelandic, Faroese, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.
Of the modern languages, Icelandic is the closest to Old Norse. Written modern Icelandic derives from the Old Norse phonemic writing system. Contemporary Icelandic-speakers can read Old Norse, which differs slightly in spelling as well as semantics and word order. However, pronunciation, particularly of the vowel phonemes, has changed at least as much as in the other [[North Germanic]] languages.
Faroese retains many similarities but is influenced by Danish, Norwegian, and Gaelic (Scottish and/or Irish). Although Swedish, Danish and the Norwegian languages have diverged the most, they still retain asymmetric mutual intelligibility.[clarification needed][3] This could be because these languages have been mutually affected by each other, as well as having a similar development influenced by [[Middle Low German]].
Another language which derives from Old Norse is Elfdalian, spoken in the Älvdalen municipality of Sweden, by about 1,000–5,000 speakers (various sources). This North Germanic language is not comprehensible to speakers of the other Scandinavian languages, and hence is often considered a language in its own right rather than a dialect of Swedish.
Note that in some instances the term Old Norse may refer specifically to what is here called West Old Norse.

== References ==
Wikipedia

Disaster of the Morannon

2010-05-22T10:56:50Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* Events Prior to the Battle */

{{unnamed}}
{{expansion}}

The '''Disaster of the Morannon''' was a battle in [[Third Age 1944]] in which King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]] attempted to rout the northern alliance of [[Wainriders]].

== Events Prior to the Battle ==
After defeat at [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]] Wainriders have prepared for revenge. [[Easterlings]] have allied with [[Haradrim]] and [[Men]] of [[Khand]]. Gondor was attacked from two sides from north and from south. Gondor didn"t know anything about this and when attack finally begined Gondor wasn't unprepared but his force was very little.

== The Battle ==

Due primarily to opposing cavalry, Ondoher's army was defeated. Ondoher and his eldest son [[Artamir]] were killed, and the Wainriders were victorious. They camped and rejoiced on the battlefield after the end, until the [[Battle of the Camp]].

== Aftermath ==

[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[fi:Morannonin Tappio]]

Disaster of the Morannon

2010-05-22T10:53:05Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* Events Prior to the Battle */

{{unnamed}}
{{expansion}}

The '''Disaster of the Morannon''' was a battle in [[Third Age 1944]] in which King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]] attempted to rout the northern alliance of [[Wainriders]].

== Events Prior to the Battle ==
After defeat at [[Battle at Celebrant Fields]] Wainriders have prepared for revenge. [[Easterlings]] have allied with [[Haradrim]] and [[Men]] of [[Khand]]. Gondor was attacked from two sides from north and from south. Gondor didn"t know anything about this and when attack finally begined Gondor wasn't unprepared but his force was very little.

== The Battle ==

Due primarily to opposing cavalry, Ondoher's army was defeated. Ondoher and his eldest son [[Artamir]] were killed, and the Wainriders were victorious. They camped and rejoiced on the battlefield after the end, until the [[Battle of the Camp]].

== Aftermath ==

[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[fi:Morannonin Tappio]]

Disaster of the Morannon

2010-05-22T10:42:38Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* Events Prior to the Battle */

{{unnamed}}
{{expansion}}

The '''Disaster of the Morannon''' was a battle in [[Third Age 1944]] in which King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]] attempted to rout the northern alliance of [[Wainriders]].

== Events Prior to the Battle ==
After defeat at [[Battle at Fields of Celebrant]] Wainriders have prepared for revenge. [[Easterlings]] have allied with [[Haradrim]] and [[Men]] of [[Khand]]. Gondor was attacked from two sides from north and from south. Gondor didn"t know anything about this and when attack finally begined Gondor wasn't unprepared but his force was very little.

== The Battle ==

Due primarily to opposing cavalry, Ondoher's army was defeated. Ondoher and his eldest son [[Artamir]] were killed, and the Wainriders were victorious. They camped and rejoiced on the battlefield after the end, until the [[Battle of the Camp]].

== Aftermath ==

[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[fi:Morannonin Tappio]]

Ettendales

2010-05-19T15:55:43Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* History */

The '''Ettendales''' were a cold land north of [[Rivendell]]. It was inhabited by [[Trolls]].

==History==
[[Arador]] [[Aragorn]]'s grandfather, traveled into the Ettendales, but he was captured and killed by the trolls.

{{references}}
* {{FR|Flight}}

[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Eriador]]

Ettendales

2010-05-18T18:10:57Z

Glaurung the Golden: New page: Ettandales was cold frozen land north of Rivendell.It was inhabited by Trolls Another name for land of highlands and valleys otherwise known as Ettenmoors or the Coldfells.These were co...

Ettandales was cold frozen land north of Rivendell.It was inhabited by Trolls

Another name for land of highlands and valleys otherwise known as Ettenmoors or the Coldfells.These were cold lands far to the north of Rivendell and little known to any but the Trolls that inhabited them. Aragorn's grandfather Arador had ventured into these hills and dales but he was captured and killed by the Snow-trolls that lurked there.

Ettendales are literally 'giant-valleys'.It's unclear how literally 'giants' are meant and this may simply be a reference to the Trolls we know lived in this region.On the other hand this may be a hint that the Ettendales are home to the actual Giants.
'etten'- comes from Old English eoten meaning Giant.

http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/c/coldfells.html

First Age 472

2010-05-17T13:18:12Z

Glaurung the Golden: /* ? */

==Midsummer==
* The [[Nírnaeth Arnoediad]] is fought.
* Deaths of [[Fingon]], [[Huor]], [[Azaghâl]], [[Hundar]] and [[Haldir of the Haladin|Haldir]] in said battle.
* Capture of [[Húrin Thalion]].
==?==
* [[Glóredhel]] dies.
* Marriage of Huor and Rian; [[Tuor]] is born.
* [[Turgon the Wise|Turgon]] becomes [[High King of the Noldor]] in [[Middle-earth]].

[[Category:First Age years]]