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	<updated>2026-06-05T05:54:01Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&amp;diff=389149</id>
		<title>Mythopoeia</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&amp;diff=389149"/>
		<updated>2024-04-14T21:08:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;HappySisyphus: Link to archive.org version of the page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Mythopoeia&#039;&#039;&#039; (Greek, &amp;quot;Mythos-making&amp;quot;) is the title of a poem by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], and the name of a term coined by him. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Mythopoeia&amp;quot; was created as reaction to [[C.S. Lewis]]&#039; statement that myths were &amp;quot;lies breathed through silver.&amp;quot; The poem takes a position opposed to rationalism and materialism, referring to the creative human author as &amp;quot;the little maker&amp;quot; wielding his &amp;quot;own small golden sceptre&amp;quot; ruling his [[Sub-creation]] (understood as genuine Creation within God&#039;s primary Creation).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While quoted in &amp;quot;[[On Fairy-Stories]]&amp;quot; (1947), and mentioned by [[Humphrey Carpenter]] in his &#039;&#039;[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]&#039;&#039; (1977), the poem was first published in its entirety in the [[1988]] edition of &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tree and Leaf]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{CG|RG}}, pp. 620-2&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Fragment==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;poem&amp;gt;I will not treat your dusty path and flat, &lt;br /&gt;
denoting this and that by this and that, &lt;br /&gt;
your world immutable wherein no part &lt;br /&gt;
the little maker has with maker&#039;s art. &lt;br /&gt;
I bow not yet before the Iron Crown, &lt;br /&gt;
nor cast my own small golden sceptre down.&amp;lt;/poem&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181406/http://mercury.ccil.org/~cowan/mythopoeia.html Mythopoeia]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Concepts]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>HappySisyphus</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Steward_and_the_King&amp;diff=389113</id>
		<title>The Steward and the King</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Steward_and_the_King&amp;diff=389113"/>
		<updated>2024-04-13T14:47:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;HappySisyphus: Removed the gift of Qween Arwen to Frodo, this happens at the start of &amp;quot;Many Partings&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{chapter&lt;br /&gt;
| image=Darrell Sweet - The White Sapling.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| title=The Steward and the King&lt;br /&gt;
| book=The Return of the King&lt;br /&gt;
| number=15&lt;br /&gt;
| event=[[Aragorn]] and the [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]] return from [[Mordor]] victorious.&lt;br /&gt;
| date=[[1 May]]-[[15 July]] {{TA|3019|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
| location=[[Minas Tirith]]&lt;br /&gt;
| perspective=[[Éowyn]], [[Faramir]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], and [[Aragorn]]&lt;br /&gt;
| previous=The Field of Cormallen&lt;br /&gt;
| next=Many Partings&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;The Steward and the King&#039;&#039;&#039; is the fifth chapter of the second book in &#039;&#039;[[The Return of the King]]&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Summary==&lt;br /&gt;
The narrative jumps back to the time before the quest is finished, now focusing on the perspective of those in [[Minas Tirith]]. While [[Aragorn]] and the forces of [[Gondor]] were away, the city remained shrouded in fear. [[Faramir]] met Lady [[Éowyn]] in the [[Houses of Healing]]. Éowyn longed for Aragorn and the chance to fight with the [[Éored|Riders]] of [[Rohan]] against [[Mordor]]. Her sadness, mixed with pride and beauty, led Faramir to fall in love with her. For days, they stared to the east, waiting for word of Gondor’s success, until they eventually saw the Darkness break. As sunlight broke through the sky, the citizens of Minas Tirith broke out in song. Messengers soon arrived telling of Aragorn’s victory.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|Cormallen}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The conflict resolved, Éowyn’s longing for war faded, and she and Faramir agreed to wed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When Aragorn returned, Faramir rode out of the gate of Minas Tirith and offered him the keys of the city and [[Crown of Gondor|an ancient crown]]. To everyone’s amazement, Aragorn called for the [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]] and [[Gandalf]]. [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] handed the crown to Gandalf, who placed it upon Aragorn’s brow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The city of Minas Tirith began to revive. Its walls were restored, and the city was filled with trees, fountains, and laughter. Ambassadors from many lands arrived in Gondor, and Aragorn showed mercy by rewarding both the faithful and the enemies of the West. Gandalf explained that the [[Third Age]] of [[Middle-earth]] had passed: the war against [[Sauron]] was over, and Aragorn’s reign in the [[Dominion of Men|age of]] [[Men]] had begun. The group climbed up an ancient, snowy path, at the end of which, amidst a pile of debris, Aragorn found a sapling of the great [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]]—the symbol of ancient [[Elendil]], Gondor’s kingdom. Aragorn took the sapling back to the Citadel. The old, dead tree was removed and laid to rest, and the new one planted in its place.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The day before Midsummer, a group of [[Elves]] approached Minas Tirith. [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]], [[Elrohir]] and [[Elladan]], and all the Elf princes arrived in the city. Behind them, mightiest of all, was [[Elrond]] with his daughter, [[Arwen]]. On the day of [[Midsummer]], Aragorn (now called King [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]) and Arwen were wed.&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:The Return of the King chapters|Steward and the King]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Käskynhaltija ja kuningas (TSH)]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>HappySisyphus</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9oden&amp;diff=389096</id>
		<title>Théoden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9oden&amp;diff=389096"/>
		<updated>2024-04-12T18:48:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;HappySisyphus: Fixed broken wikilink&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{rohirrim infobox&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Théoden&lt;br /&gt;
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Theoden King.jpg|250px]]&lt;br /&gt;
| caption=&amp;quot;Theoden King&amp;quot; by [[:Category:Images by Jenny Dolfen|Jenny Dolfen]]&lt;br /&gt;
| pronun=&lt;br /&gt;
| othernames=&#039;&#039;Ednew&#039;&#039;, [[Horsemaster]]&lt;br /&gt;
| titles=[[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]&lt;br /&gt;
| position=&lt;br /&gt;
| location=[[Rohan]]&lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation=&lt;br /&gt;
| language=[[Rohanese]], [[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]&lt;br /&gt;
| birth={{TA|2948}}&lt;br /&gt;
| birthlocation=[[Gondor]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| rule={{TA|2980}} - {{TA|3019|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
| death=[[15 March]] {{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
| deathlocation=[[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]&lt;br /&gt;
| age=71&lt;br /&gt;
| notablefor=&lt;br /&gt;
| house=[[House of Eorl]]&lt;br /&gt;
| parentage=[[Thengel]] &amp;amp; [[Morwen Steelsheen|Morwen]]&lt;br /&gt;
| siblings=[[Théodwyn]], three unnamed sisters&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref group=&amp;quot;note&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Under [[Thengel]] in [[Appendix A]] it states: &amp;quot;She bore him three children in Gondor, of whom Théoden, the second, was his only son. [...] Morwen bore him two more daughters in Rohan&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse=[[Elfhild]]&lt;br /&gt;
| children=[[Théodred]]&lt;br /&gt;
| gender=Male&lt;br /&gt;
| height=Tall&lt;br /&gt;
| hair=Long, thick, braided white hair&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Hall&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| eyes=Blue&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Hall&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| clothing=&lt;br /&gt;
| weapons=[[Herugrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
| steed=[[Snowmane]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{quote|Out of doubt, out of dark, to the day&#039;s rising&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;he rode singing in the sun, sword unsheathing.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Hope he rekindled, and in hope ended;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;over death, over dread, over doom lifted&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;out of loss, out of life, unto long glory.|[[Gléowine]]&#039;s [[Out of doubt, out of dark, to the day’s rising|poem]] in &#039;&#039;[[The Return of the King]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[Many Partings]]&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Théoden&#039;&#039;&#039; was the seventeenth [[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]], ruling for 39 years, from {{TA|2980}} until his death. He was the last of the Second Line.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mark&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|Mark}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
===Early life===&lt;br /&gt;
Théoden was the only son of [[Thengel]], the heir of king [[Fengel]] of [[Rohan]], and [[Morwen of Lossarnach]], a descendant of a former prince of the fief of Belfalas.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|Linear}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His father left Rohan when he came to manhood and lived long in Gondor. Théoden had been born in [[Gondor]] and spent at least the first five years of his life there with his mother and father until his father was called back to Rohan after the death of Théoden&#039;s grandfather, Fengel. The &amp;quot;speech of Gondor&amp;quot; was used in his father&#039;s house in Rohan.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; As a result, Théoden probably spoke [[Westron]] and [[Rohanese]] as his native languages and he possibly spoke [[Sindarin]] as an acquired language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Théoden loved his sister [[Théodwyn]] dearly. After she and her husband both died he adopted her children [[Éomer]] and [[Éowyn]] as his own. He had a son, [[Théodred]], whose mother [[Elfhild]] died in childbirth.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Théoden became king after the death of his father in {{TA|2980}}.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|3014}} Théoden&#039;s health began to fail. This was caused by the spells of [[Saruman|Saruman the White]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; This may also have been due to natural causes (he was sixty-six) or it may have been induced or increased by subtle poisons administered by [[Gríma]]. Gríma (or &#039;&#039;Wormtongue&#039;&#039; as most others in the [[Riddermark|Mark]] called him), was secretly in the employ of Saruman.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|Isen}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===War of the Ring===&lt;br /&gt;
As the war approached Théoden was increasingly misled by his chief adviser Gríma. In the last years before the War of the Ring, Théoden let his rule slip out of his hands completely, and Gríma became increasingly powerful. Rohan was troubled again by [[Orcs]] and [[Dunlendings]], who operated under the will of Saruman, ruling from [[Isengard]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His only son, Théodred, had only recently been slain by Saruman&#039;s forces during the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]]. Théoden ordered Éomer against hunting Orcs that crossed Rohan but Éomer went to the foray against his orders.&amp;lt;Ref name=appB&amp;gt;{{App|Great}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; On Gríma&#039;s orders Éomer had been arrested and imprisoned for this.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Hall&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{TT|III6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When [[Gandalf]] and [[Aragorn]] appeared before him on [[2 March]], the [[Wizards|Wizard]] healed the king. He then restored his nephew, who would become his heir, took up his [[Herugrim|sword]], and led the [[Rohirrim|Riders of Rohan]] to the [[Fords of Isen]], against Saruman.&amp;lt;Ref name=appB/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On their way, they received news that [[Second Battle of the Fords of Isen|the border was lost]] and he retreated into [[Helm&#039;s Deep]] where they were attacked by Saruman&#039;s forces on [[3 March]].&amp;lt;Ref name=appB/&amp;gt; Théoden won the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] and after this he became known as &#039;&#039;&#039;Théoden Ednew&#039;&#039;&#039;, the Renewed,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; because he had thrown off the yoke of Saruman.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the battle he visited [[Isengard]] where he witnessed as [[Gandalf]] deposed Saruman from [[Wizards|their order]]. On their way back to Rohan, they stopped by the [[Helm&#039;s Deep]], where he noticed that the lonely [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of their company, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] felt out of place, and offered to ride with him for the rest of the journey. The hobbit was delighted, as he felt useless among the Riders and offered Théoden his sword in service of Rohan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|V2}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On [[6 March]] Théoden and the Riders left Hornburg for [[Harrowdale]] taking a safe path to Edoras, and soon after [[Aragorn]] left the Rohirrim&#039;s company for [[Dunharrow]].&amp;lt;Ref name=appB/&amp;gt; Near the outer hills of Rohan, Théoden dismissed Éomer&#039;s urge not to go to the war, and with the remaining Riders he rode to the Hold of Dunharrow where his people took shelter at [[Dunharrow]].&amp;lt;ref name=muster&amp;gt;{{RK|V3}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Fulfilling the Oath of Eorl===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Paula DiSante - The Red Arrow.JPG|thumb|[[Paula DiSante]] - &#039;&#039;The Red Arrow&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
After reuniting with Éowyn and while resting, a [[Gondorian]] named [[Hirgon]] entered his tent, bringing the [[Red Arrow]] from [[Denethor]] II. Théoden responded to him that 6000 Riders would reach [[Minas Tirith]] in the week. Indeed they set off the [[Dawnless Day|next morning]]; before leaving he ordered his squire, Meriadoc, to stay behind at Edoras.&amp;lt;ref name=muster/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On their way to Minas Tirith, Théoden&#039;s forces were alerted to a host of Orcs upon the road from the city moving towards them. A leader of the [[Woses]], [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]], offered to lead the Rohirrim by secret paths through the [[Drúadan Forest]] so they could avoid the Orcs. Taking the forgotten road down [[Stonewain Valley]] the riders of Rohan were able to come to the [[Pelennor Fields]] undetected.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Abe Papakhian - The Ride of the Rohirrim.jpg|thumb|left|[[Abe Papakhian]] - &#039;&#039;The Ride of the Rohirrim&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
To his dismay, they found Hirgon dead and understood that the Gondorians were unaware of their arrival; Minas Tirith [[Siege of Gondor|was being destroyed]]. Théoden was reinvigorated by a sudden great flash of light from the city. He ordered to charge as the [[Storm of Mordor|Darkness]] was fading. He led the Rohirrim to the aid of Gondor at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. In that battle he challenged a chieftain of the [[Haradrim]] who led their cavalry and had a standard with a &amp;quot;black serpent upon scarlet&amp;quot;, and unhorsed him and hewed down his standard-bearer. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|V5}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Angus McBride - Eowyn against Witch-king.gif|thumb|[[Angus McBride]] - &#039;&#039;Eowyn against Witch-king&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]] attacked him, and he was mortally wounded when his horse [[Snowmane]] fell upon him after being frightened by the Ringwraith&#039;s [[Fell beasts|Fell beast]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was immediately avenged by Éowyn and the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]], both of whom had ridden to war in secret. He claimed to Merry at his death on the field that he was satisfied, for he had felled the Black Serpent.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|V6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Legacy==&lt;br /&gt;
The body of Théoden the Renowned remained in the [[Hallows]] of Minas Tirith&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|Steward}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; while [[Snowmane]] was buried where they fell.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His nephew Éomer succeeded him as King of Rohan. In [[July]] he returned to Minas Tirith and brought Théoden&#039;s body back to [[Edoras]]. On [[10 August]], the funeral of Théoden took place. [[Gléowine]] composed a poem for him and other Kings of the line of [[Eorl]].&amp;lt;ref name=partings&amp;gt;{{RK|VI6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Old English]] word &#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:þeoden|þeoden]]&#039;&#039;, means &amp;quot;lord, king&amp;quot;, and contains the element &#039;&#039;þeod&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;people&amp;quot; (&#039;&#039;[[éothéod]]&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;horse-people&amp;quot;). It is related to the Old Norse word &#039;&#039;þjóðann&#039;&#039;, meaning &amp;quot;Leader of the People&amp;quot; (i.e. &amp;quot;King&amp;quot;).{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The epithet &#039;&#039;Ednew&#039;&#039; in Old English means &amp;quot;renewed, restored&amp;quot;, because he was freed from the spells of Saruman.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Tolkien&#039;s fictional etymology, the name &#039;&#039;Théoden&#039;&#039; is an Old English translation of the original [[Rohanese]] &#039;&#039;Tûrac&#039;&#039;, an old word for King.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PM&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{PM|Languages}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Genealogy==&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree/start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | FEN | | | | | | | | | | | | |FEN=[[Fengel]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{TA|2870|n}} - {{TA|2953|n}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | DAU | | THE |y| MOR | | | | | | | | |DAU=&#039;&#039;two daughters&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;unknown&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|THE=[[Thengel]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{TA|2905|n}} - {{TA|2980|n}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|MOR=[[Morwen Steelsheen]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;b. {{TA|2922|n}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | ELF |y| THE | | DAU | | THW |y| EOM | | |ELF=[[Elfhild]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;d. {{TA|2978|n}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|THE=&#039;&#039;&#039;THÉODEN&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{TA|2948|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}&#039;&#039;†&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|DAU=&#039;&#039;three daughters&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;unknown&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|THW=[[Théodwyn]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{TA|2963|n}} - {{TA|3002|n}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|EOM=[[Éomund]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;d. {{TA|3002|n}}&#039;&#039;†&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | THE | | LOT |y| EOM | | EOW |y| FAR |THE=[[Théodred]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{TA|2978|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}&#039;&#039;†&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|LOT=[[Lothíriel]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;b. {{TA|2999|n}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|EOM=[[Éomer]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{TA|2991|n}} - {{FoA|63}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|EOW=[[Éowyn]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;b. {{TA|2995|n}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|FAR=[[Faramir]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;{{TA|2983|n}} - {{FoA|82}}&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | |}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | ELF | | | | | | ELB | | |ELF=[[Elfwine]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;unknown&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;|ELB=[[Elboron]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;unknown&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{familytree/end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other versions of the legendarium==&lt;br /&gt;
In one of Tolkien&#039;s early drafts, Théoden also had a daughter by the name of [[Idis]], but she was eventually removed when her character was eclipsed by that of Éowyn.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Portrayal in adaptations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Théoden.JPG|&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:The Return of the King (1980 film) - Théoden.png|&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|&#039;&#039;The Return of the King&#039;&#039; (1980 film)]]&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - Théoden.jpeg|&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Théoden.jpg|&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1955 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Valentine Dyall]] voiced the part of Théoden.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1978 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:The voice of Théoden was provided by [[Philip Stone]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1979 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Erik Bauersfeld]] provided the voice of Théoden.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|&#039;&#039;The Return of the King&#039;&#039; (1980 film)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Théoden is voiced by [[Don Messick]], though he speaks very little. His death is narrated by [[John Huston]] as Gandalf.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (1981 radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Theoden played by [[Jack May]] appears much earlier in the narrative than in the book, allowing Gandalf to borrow a horse on his escape from Isengard.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;1992: [[Der Herr der Ringe (1992 German radio series)|&#039;&#039;Der Herr der Ringe&#039;&#039; (1992 German radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Théoden is played by Werner Rundshagen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2002: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:This film deviates from Tolkien&#039;s story by having Théoden (played by [[Bernard Hill]]) actually possessed by Saruman rather than simply deceived by Gríma. He then goes to [[Helm&#039;s Deep]] to take his people to safety rather than to make a stand against the enemy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2003: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Théoden at first refuses to come to the aid of Gondor saying that Gondor did not come to the aid of Rohan at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. His death is placed after the coming of the [[Haradrim]], and is depicted differently; he is not crushed by [[Snowmane]], but wounded by the [[Fell beasts|fell beast]]. In general, his personality is changed from a &amp;quot;kindly old man&amp;quot; to that of a callous and somewhat obstinate character, though he has several tender moments at the grave of his son and near Éowyn.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2002-2003: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|&#039;&#039;Pán prsteňov&#039;&#039; (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:The voice of Théoden is provided by Ladislav Chudík.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2004: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Théoden is a hero in the Rohan faction. He is voiced by [[Phil Proctor]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2006: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Théoden is a hero in the Men faction. He is voiced by [[Phil Proctor]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2009: &#039;&#039;[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:Théoden is voiced by [[Brian George]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references|Notes}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-head&lt;br /&gt;
| race=rohirrim&lt;br /&gt;
| house=[[House of Eorl]]&lt;br /&gt;
| born={{TA|2948}}&lt;br /&gt;
| died={{TA|3019}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq&lt;br /&gt;
| prev=[[Thengel]]&lt;br /&gt;
| list=17th [[Kings of Rohan|King of Rohan]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dates={{TA|2980}} – {{TA|3019|n}}&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[Éomer]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{rohankings}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{lordoftheringsfilms}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Theoden}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Kings of Rohan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Old English names]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rohirrim]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Third Age characters]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Théoden]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Théoden]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/theoden]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>HappySisyphus</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Beowulf:_The_Monsters_and_the_Critics&amp;diff=388704</id>
		<title>Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Beowulf:_The_Monsters_and_the_Critics&amp;diff=388704"/>
		<updated>2024-04-05T15:37:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;HappySisyphus: Note the 2011 second edition of Beowulf and the Critics&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{disambig-more|Beowulf|[[Beowulf (disambiguation)]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; is the title of a lecture by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and its shortened publication in book-form. Note that the original and much longer manuscript of the lecture was published as &#039;&#039;[[Beowulf and the Critics]]&#039;&#039; in [[2002]], edited by [[Michael D.C. Drout]]. Drout has described the lecture as &amp;quot;possibl[y] ... the single most influential essay in the history of literary studies in the twentieth century&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Michael Drout|Drout, Michael D.C.]] [http://lotrplaza.com/showthread.php?17739-Beowulf-The-Monsters-amp-the-Critics-Michael-Drout|&amp;quot;&#039;Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics&#039;: The Brilliant Essay that Broke Beowulf Studies&amp;quot;], The Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza, April 25, 2010. Retrieved June 1, 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The lecture==&lt;br /&gt;
The lecture &amp;quot;Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics&amp;quot; was the Sir Israel Gollancz Memorial Lecture for 1936. Tolkien delivered it to the British Academy on [[25 November]] [[1936]] and again two weeks later to the Manchester Mediaeval Society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Publication history==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics&#039;&#039; has been published as and in several different publications in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;First Edition (1937)&lt;br /&gt;
In [[1937]], the first edition of &#039;&#039;Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics&#039;&#039; was issued in the &#039;&#039;Proceedings of the British Academy&#039;&#039; (vol. 22, 1936, pr. 1937, pp. [245]-295).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Åke Bertenstam|Bertenstam, Åke]]:  &#039;&#039;Chronological Bibliography of the Writings of J.R.R. Tolkien&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It was also published separatey by Humphrey Milford (London) for the British Academy (&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;[[1 July]]&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;. 56 pp. 500 copies printed. ISBN: N/A).  Altogether six impressions (2.-5. impressions 1958-1971 by the Oxford University Press; 6th impression 1977, by the British Academy) were printed.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/gallery.php?subsection=13 Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics] (TolkienBooks.net)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Booklet (1969)&lt;br /&gt;
Around [[1969]], booklets of &#039;&#039;Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics&#039;&#039; (undated and unknown publisher and place of publication), appeared.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/details2.php?id=119 Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics. 1969?] (TolkienBooks.net)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;&#039;&#039;The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays&#039;&#039; (1983)&lt;br /&gt;
In [[1983]], the lecture was included in &#039;&#039;[[The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays]]&#039;&#039;, edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;&#039;&#039;Beowulf and the Critics&#039;&#039; (2002)&lt;br /&gt;
In [[2002]] was published &#039;&#039;[[Beowulf and the Critics]]&#039;&#039;, edited by [[Michael D.C. Drout]]. The volume contains the text of the lecture and the lecture series on which the lecture was based.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/details2.php?id=122 Beowulf and the Critics. 2002] (TolkienBooks.net).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. In [[2011]] Drout released an expanded second edition. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Gallery==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Gallery&lt;br /&gt;
|width=125&lt;br /&gt;
|height=125&lt;br /&gt;
|lines=3&lt;br /&gt;
|File:Beowulf - The Monsters and The Critics 1937.jpg|1937, &#039;&#039;Beowulf: The Monsters and The Critics&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|File:Beowulf - The Monsters and The Critics 1969.jpg|1969, &#039;&#039;Beowulf: The Monsters and The Critics&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|File:The Monsters and the Critics 1983.png|1983, &#039;&#039;The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|File:Beowulf and the Critics 2002.gif|2002, &#039;&#039;Beowulf and the Critics&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{title|italics}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lectures by J.R.R. Tolkien]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chapters]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>HappySisyphus</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Beowulf:_The_Monsters_and_the_Critics&amp;diff=388703</id>
		<title>Talk:Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Beowulf:_The_Monsters_and_the_Critics&amp;diff=388703"/>
		<updated>2024-04-05T14:50:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;HappySisyphus: /* 2011 edition? */ new section&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== 2011 edition? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Beowulf and the Critics&#039;&#039; was republished in 2011, should another section be added? [[User:HappySisyphus|HappySisyphus]] ([[User talk:HappySisyphus|talk]]) 14:50, 5 April 2024 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>HappySisyphus</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>