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		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=342914</id>
		<title>Angmar conflict</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=342914"/>
		<updated>2022-03-01T03:00:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: A brief rewording to improve grammar and punctuation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{unnamed}}{{sources}}{{cleanup}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{War&lt;br /&gt;
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Angmar War &lt;br /&gt;
| image=&lt;br /&gt;
| begin={{TA|1356}}&lt;br /&gt;
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})&lt;br /&gt;
| place=Throughout [[Eriador]] (last conflict occured in the upper [[Vales of Anduin]])&lt;br /&gt;
| result=Victory for the [[Free Peoples]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Destruction of [[Angmar]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Remaining [[Northern Dúnedain]] become [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]]&lt;br /&gt;
*The [[Eótheód]] settle the upper [[Vales of Anduin]]&lt;br /&gt;
| battles= First Invasion of Angmar, [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], Weather Hills skirmishes, [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], Eótheód Incursion&lt;br /&gt;
|side1=[[Men of Arnor]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Gondorians]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Men of the Vales of Anduin]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Eotheod|Eótheód]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Forces of [[Rivendell]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Galadhrim]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Elves of Lindon]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Shire-hobbits]]&lt;br /&gt;
|side2=Forces of [[Angmar]]&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Argeleb I]]†&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arveleg I]]†&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Araval]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Araphor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arvedui]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Eärnur]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Frumgar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Círdan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Glorfindel]]&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Witch-king of Angmar]] &lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Angmar War&#039;&#039;&#039; was a centuries-long struggle between the [[Men of Arnor]] and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], due to tension between Eärendur&#039;s sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; of [[Amon Sûl]].&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
===Prelude===&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - &#039;&#039;The Witch King&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), the realm of [[Angmar]] was established by the [[Witch-king]], beyond the [[Ettenmoors]], with the intention of weakening the Northern Dunedain. It was not yet known that the Witch-king was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain (which also extended into the upper [[Vales of Anduin]]) with [[Orcs]], evil Men, and fell creatures.&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Early Conflicts===&lt;br /&gt;
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan,  this claim was recognized; however, Rhudaur resisted the claim for an evil lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance lay with Angmar, seized power since the Dúnedain there were few. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]], but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AppB2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|B2}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the forces of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Fall of Cardolan===&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its &#039;&#039;palantír&#039;&#039; was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the [[last prince of Cardolan]] perished.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{HM|RC}}, &amp;quot;Fog on the Barrow-downs&amp;quot;, pp. 144-5; Index, &#039;Cardolan, [[Last prince of Cardolan|last prince of]]&#039; &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The remaining Dúnedain in Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad]] and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Círdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuaded King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was subdued for centuries.&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire|the Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AppB2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|B2}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss, but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] with [[Elves of Lindon]] and [[Rivendell]] won a battle in [[Cardolan]] ({{TA|1851}})&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but was unable to reoccupy it; in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;AppB2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{App|B2}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Alliance with Gondor===&lt;br /&gt;
Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Soon Ondoher was slain in battle and hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and chose [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] as their king. Eärnil nonetheless maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar.&amp;lt;ref name=gondor&amp;gt;{{App|Gondor}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor&#039;s strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing its final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from [[Vales of Anduin]], under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.&amp;lt;ref name=gondor&amp;gt;{{App|Gondor}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Fall of the North-kingdom===&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running out, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King&#039;s whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the &#039;&#039;palantíri&#039;&#039; of Fornost and Amon Sûl.&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Defeat of Angmar===&lt;br /&gt;
{{main|Battle of Fornost}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king&#039;s palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor&#039;s strength. Once Círdan summoned the [[Elves of Lindon]] and what remained of the [[Men of Arnor]], the allied host marched across the [[Lune]] to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.&amp;lt;ref name=gondor&amp;gt;{{App|Gondor}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]. The Host came down from [[Hills of Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the forces of Angmar began to retreat back to Fornost. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the forces of Angmar and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to [[Carn Dûm]] but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince [[Eärnur]]. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from [[Rivendell]] and the remnants of Angmar&#039;s army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay [[Eärnur]], but fled upon the appearance of [[Glorfindel]]. So utterly was the host of Angmar crushed that not a single Man or Orc of that realm remained west of the [[Misty Mountains]].&amp;lt;ref name=gondor&amp;gt;{{App|Gondor}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern [[Vales of Anduin]], and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar on the east side of the Mountains, thus being the final act of the centuries-long conflict.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|Eorl}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Aftermath===&lt;br /&gt;
The destruction brought about by the war left Eriador heavily depopulated and the North-kingdom in shambles. Arvedui&#039;s son [[Aranarth]] would not take any kingship but took the title of [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] for his people, the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]], were too few and took to a [[Ranger of the North|secretive, nomadic lifestyle]].&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Shire-folk]] survived, though war swept over them and most of them fled into hiding. Afterwards in the peace that followed the Shire-folk ruled themselves and prospered. They chose a [[Thain]] to take the place of the King, and were content; though for a long time many still looked for the return of the [[King of Arnor|King]].&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the [[Men of Bree]], who called it [[Deadmen&#039;s Dike]]. Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] was [[Arnor]] and its great cities, [[Annúminas]] and [[Fornost Erain]], restored under King [[Aragorn II Elessar]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|VI7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=eriador&amp;gt;{{App|Eriador}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them (according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq&lt;br /&gt;
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wars]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=302247</id>
		<title>Angmar conflict</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=302247"/>
		<updated>2018-12-30T21:23:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: Corrected own punctuation and spelling mistakes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{unnamed}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{War&lt;br /&gt;
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Angmar War &lt;br /&gt;
| image=&lt;br /&gt;
| begin={{TA|1409}}&lt;br /&gt;
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})&lt;br /&gt;
| place=[[Arnor]], [[Angmar]], [[The Shire]], [[Rivendell]], Northwest  [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]&lt;br /&gt;
| result=Destruction of the kingdoms of Arnor and Angmar, decline of the [[Dúnedain of the North]], the Eótheód take the upper Vales of the Anduin as their own from the remnants of Angmar.&lt;br /&gt;
| battles= First Invasion of Angmar, [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], Weather Hills skirmishes, [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], Eótheód Incursion&lt;br /&gt;
|side1=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Lórien]], [[Gondor]], the [[Eotheod|Eótheód]]&lt;br /&gt;
|side2=[[Angmar]], [[Rhudaur|Angmar-occupied Rhudaur]]&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Argeleb I]]†&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arveleg I]]†&lt;br /&gt;
* [[King of Cardolan|Last Prince of Cardolan]]†&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Araphor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Círdan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arvedui]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Eärnur]]&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Witch-king of Angmar]] &lt;br /&gt;
* Lord of the [[Hill-men]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Angmar War&#039;&#039;&#039; was a centuries-long struggle between the Northern [[Dúnedain]] kingdom and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]].  &lt;br /&gt;
==Prelude==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - &#039;&#039;The Witch King&#039;&#039;]] After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], each ruled by one of Eärendur&#039;s sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; of [[Amon Sûl]]. During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), a new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. This new realm of [[Angmar]] was ruled by the [[Witch-king]], though it was not yet known that he was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain, which extended into the Upper [[Vales of Anduin|Anduin Vale]], with Orcs and other fell creatures, but also Men, most likely drawn from the local population of [[Hill-men]]. In Rhudaur, the Dúnedain there being few, a lord of the Hill-men seized power.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Early Wars==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan Argeleb was recognised as king, though it also kept its own princes. Rhudaur however resisted the claim, and openly allied with Angmar. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the men of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its &#039;&#039;palantír&#039;&#039; was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the last Prince of Cardolan perished. The remaining Dúnedain of Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad]] and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Cirdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuaded King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was left in a weakened state for centuries.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss, but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Fall of Arnor==&lt;br /&gt;
The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] was slain fighting in Cardolan in {{TA|1851}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and, in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Ondoher would prove to be last in a direct line of kings since [[Meneldil]] when he was slain in battle with the Wainriders four years later. Hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and instead gave the crown to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], the commander who had defeated the Wainriders. Arvedui did not press his claim, and Eärnil maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar. Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor&#039;s strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing it final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from Vales of Anduin, under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running out, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King&#039;s whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the &#039;&#039;palantíri&#039;&#039; of Fornost and Amon Sûl.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The End of the War==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king&#039;s palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor&#039;s strength. Círdan summoned the Noldor, Sindar and what remained of the Men of Arnor, then the allied host marched across the [[Lune]] to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the Host of the West. The Men and Elves came down from Hills of [[Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the Angmarim began to retreat back to Fornost. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the Gondorian cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the Angmarim and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to Angmar but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince Eärnur. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from Rivendell and the remnants of Angmar&#039;s army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay Eärnur, but fled upon the appearance of Glorfindel. Angmar was obliterated and all its people west of the Mountains were killed or driven off, but the Witch-king himself fled east, to resurface in [[Mordor]] in T.A. 2002. Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern Vales of Anduin, and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar on the east side of the Mountains, this being the final act of the conflict.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The destruction brought about by this final war left Arnor unable to function as a kingdom, and Arvedui&#039;s son [[Aranarth]] would be known as merely the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]. Arthedain and Cardolan were both heavily depopulated while Rhudaur was deserted, its population having been killed or driven away at the end of the war.&amp;lt;ref name=ford&amp;gt;{{FR|I12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Mount Gundabad]] however continued to be used as a capital by the Orcs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{H|17}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the Men of [[Bree]], who called it Deadmen&#039;s Dike.  Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] under King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] was it re-established.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|VI7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Durin&#039;s Folk|Dwarves]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them (according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2012: &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:During the [[White Council]], [[Galadriel]] indirectly mentions this war and its aftermath. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq&lt;br /&gt;
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wars]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User:User:Hazad/The_Men_of_Eriador,_Wild_Mutton_and_100_Hobbit-sized_Leagues&amp;diff=292811</id>
		<title>User:User:Hazad/The Men of Eriador, Wild Mutton and 100 Hobbit-sized Leagues</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User:User:Hazad/The_Men_of_Eriador,_Wild_Mutton_and_100_Hobbit-sized_Leagues&amp;diff=292811"/>
		<updated>2017-04-15T13:21:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;One of the biggest lore-issues with Tolkien adaptations is the presence (or lack of) of Men in Eriador. Even that most faithful of popular adaptations, The Lord of the Rings Online,includes a number of Men living in Eriador outside of Bree-land. This is indirect contradiction of a line in ‘At the Sign of the Prancing Pony’, where it is written that ‘In those days no other Men had settled dwellings so far west,or within a hundred leagues of the Shire.’ In the passages below I shall go through apparent contradictions of this, and offer two ways in which these contradictions can be resolved.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let us begin with the note regarding the location of the Rangers’‘hidden fastness in the wilds of Eriador’. In 2000 David Salo revealed that he had discovered a note in the Tolkien archives of Marquette university,indicating that Aragorn’s people had their stronghold in the lands between the Bruinen and the Mitheithel i.e. the Angle. Michael Martinez argued that a stronghold situated at the confluence itself would be roughly 300 miles from the Brandywine. The problem is that he’s wrong; the entirely of the Angle is within 300 miles of the Shire, meaning that the Marquette note contradicts The Lord of the Rings. Given, however,that this concept never entered the books published in Tolkien’s lifetime, wedo not have to accept it as cannon (though obviously it would be nice to).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Staying with the Rangers of the North, let us examine the way Aragorn speaks about the rangers’ charge, when responding to Boromir’s derision during ‘The Council of Elrond’. makes it sound as if their guard extends beyond Bree-land and the Shire. Aragorn says: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
‘Peace and freedom, do you say? The North would have known them little but for us. Fear would have destroyed them. But when dark things come from the houseless hills, or creep from sunless woods, they fly from us.What roads would any dare to tread, what safety would there be in quiet lands,or in the homes of simple men at night, if the Dúnedain were asleep, or were all gone into the grave?’&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Aragorn of the books may not be quite as modest as that of the films, but it still seems unlike him to overemphasis his achievements. I would argue that he speaks rather too grandly to be referring merely to four villages of Men and a somewhat larger country of Hobbits. According to Appendix B, Orcs ‘renew their invasions of Eriador’ in T.A. 2740, one band making it as far as the Shire in 2747. If Bree-land and the Shire were all that was left of the population, what were the Orcs invading? Of course, it could have been these Orcish invasion that led to the end of the other communities of Men, but again it seems that Bree and Tharbad were not the only remaining Mannish settlements at this point.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Of the little traffic in Eriador, much of it seems to have been made up of Dwarves going between Erebor and the Blue Mountains. Men nonetheless appear to have travelled outside Bree-land, for indeed how did Butterbur even known of Deadmen’s Dyke, if there was no reason for Men to travel that way? We know that the Greenway was ‘little used’ but the point is that it was used. If it had not been then it would have disappeared in the millennium between the Fall of Arnor and the War of the Ring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aside from the Dunedain stronghold in the Angle, Rhudaur appears to have been mostly deserted. In ‘Flight to the Ford’, Aragorn tells the Hobbits that ‘no men dwell in this land’, as they pass ruined castles in the Trollshaws. The Hobbit chapter,‘Roast Mutton’ takes place in the same area, and the Tom complains that ‘Never a blinking bit of manflesh have we had for long enough’ and that he doesn’t know‘what the ‘ell William was a-thinking bringing us to these parts at all’.William however says ‘Yer can’t expect folk to stop here for ever just to be et by you and Bert. You’ve et a village and a half between yer, since we come down from the mountains’. Before sending Bilbo off to investigate, the Dwarves remark that ‘They have seldom even heard of the king around here*, and the less inquisitive you are as you go along, the less trouble you are likely to find’,implying the presence of an insular and hostile people. At the end of the chapter, Gandalf states that the trolls had ‘frightened everyone away from the district, and they waylaid strangers’. Here we have it from Gandalf’s own mouth that there were people in this part of Rhudaur, and clearly a permanent population as well as travellers. It is of course possible for sheep to be wild, but it seems far more likely that Tolkien meant for the trolls to be eating domesticated herds. If the area was deserted, then where did that roast mutton even come from? Of course, it could be argued that the area only became deserted again after the trolls frightened people away, but it seems unlikely that some would not have returned to their homes. There were evidently other Men between the Mountains and the trolls’ cave, and it would appear doubtful that such a large area could be entirely depopulated by only three trolls.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is of course possible that the region became deserted in the 80 years between the events of TheHobbit and The Lord of the Rings,though Aragorn’s language suggests that it has been a lonely land since the defeat of Angmar. The place where Aragorn makes his remarks could be as far as20 miles west of the trolls’ cave, which is arguably far enough for the Trolls’Cave to be in a different ‘land’. Furthermore, Aragorn’s companions are asking about the ruined castles they see before him, so Aragorn’s remarks may merely apply to those castles. The note in the appendices that refers to this page is an appendage to the line ‘no Manor Orc of that realm remained west of the Mountains’. The realm mentioned here is Angmar, so when writing Appendix A Tolkien may have meant Aragorn’s remarks to apply solely to the Men who inhabited the castles. Aragorn’s knowledge of the area also appears to be specific rather than vague, meaning that he may have only been referring to a small part of Rhudaur. It must be noted that Tolkien was not making a complete break with his earlier book, since Frodo and his companions come across the three trolls later in their journey. Given that he revised ‘Riddles in the Dark’, and made many additions to ‘Roast Mutton’itself, it seems likely that Tolkien would have made further changes if he believed it important that the land should be deserted. If there were no Men in the Trollshaws, how were the three trolls even cooking mutton at all?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Something that has puzzled readers is where the Men who came up the Greenway (who arrived in Bree the day before Frodo) were originally from. One we know was a half-Orc Dunlending in service of Saruman and later the Witch-king, but remarks by Barliman in ‘Homeward Bound’ tell us that many were indeed fleeing from trouble in the south. Importantly, Rohan was not yet at war,apart from horse-raids in the east by Orcs of Mordor. Gondor had seen fighting,but it seems unlikely that Gondorians seeking peaceful lands would have gone as far as Bree. Michael Martinez has argued that these refugees were probably from Rohan, based on the following passage from ‘The Hunt for the Ring’: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They (the Ringwraiths) rode then through Rohan in haste, and the terror of their passing was so great that many folk fled from the land, and went wildly away north and west, believing that war out of the East was coming on the heels of the black horses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phrasing used, however, is ‘north and west’, north coming first. The implication is not that people fled west, then north to Bree,but that some fled north and some fled west. This would appear logical, given that the south was closed off by the White Mountains. The Black Riders were clearly capable of inspiring great terror in those they passed near, but again it seems very unlikely that people would flee as far as Bree, given that the route passed through Dunland. More importantly, it seems very unlikely that they could have reached Bree so quickly. Appendix B states that the Black Riders crossed the Fords of Isen on the 18th September, with Frodo reaching Bree on the night of the 29th. Travelling fast on horse back by day and night, this was clearly achievable, since the Black Riders took only four days to reach Sarn Ford. Then again, it seems likely that they would have been driving their horses beyond their usual capabilities with dark magics. Let us use a more typical example of travel to consider the distance, this being the Hobbits’ return journey from Minas Tirith. Accounting for their pause outside Moria, it took the wedding guests around 23 days to get from Isengard to Rivendell, and they were well mounted. The refugees must have completed the journey from the Fords to Bree in no more than 10 days. Given that this is a distance of more than 400 miles, this seems doubtful, especially given that they may have had their families with them.  What is also clear is that these incomers could speak Westron. Of course there were many Rohirrim, and even a few Dunlendings, who knew the Common Speech, but if their native tongue was not Westron we might expect some comment on this, as is typical in the Lord of the Rings.  There remains the question of what they were fleeing from if not the Nazgul. On this matter we can but speculate: there may have been local conflict taking place in the area around Tharbad, or perhaps incursions by Dunlendings. The refugees could have been Dunlendings themselves,but were probably not Rohirrim, given that travelling to Bree would mean passing through Dunland. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The identity of these first newcomers links into the identity of Sharkey’s ruffians, with whom they appear to have shared origins. As Pippin observes some of them were half-Orcs, such as the Southerner in the Prancing Pony, and indeed at least some may have come directly from Isengard,for Saruman had a considerable number of Men serving him there (‘Flotsam and Jetsam’). Perhaps the ruffians were Dunlendings, but if they were then it is strange that Tolkien did not remark as such. Notably, their leaders did not issue them instructions in the Dunlending language, but in fluent and colloquial Westron. Again it would seem that there was a Westron-speaking population in Eriador outside Bree-land. When Tolkien was writing ‘At the Signof the Prancing Pony’ he had not fully realised the geography of Middle Earth,and therefore may have intended that there be Westron-speaking Men between Bree and Rohan, but still a long way from the Shire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In ‘The History of Galadriel and Celeborn’, we learn of ‘a few secretive hunter folk’ living in the woods of Minhiriath and that ‘a fairly numerous but barbarous fisher-folk dwelt between the mouths of the Gwathló and the Angren’. This was at the ‘time of the War of the Ring’, with both areas falling within 100 leagues of the Shire. It could be argued that the secretive hunter-folk did not live in settled dwellings, but the fisher-folk must have,since such populations are not nomadic. When referring to settled dwellings,Tolkien contrasts the Bree-landers with the rangers, them being the example of what it is not settled. It would therefore appear that by ‘settled dwellings’,what is mean is simply staying in one place, rather than a particular level of comfort. Either way, Enedwaith was clearly inhabited in T.A. 3018 since ‘The Huntfor the Ring’ tells us that, when the Nazgûl rode through Enedwaith, ‘lonely men fled away’.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some readers may wonder why I have not yet touched upon the Lossoth. This is, quite simply, because they clearly did not live in what Tolkien would have called ‘settled dwellings’. Arvedui found them ‘in camp bythe seashore’, and Appendix A also tells us that they ‘live mostly… on the great Cape of Forochel… but they often camp on the south shores of the bay at the feet of the Mountains.’ Interesting, their lands are described as ‘lying hardly more than a hundred leagues north of the Shire’. This is obviously not the case on the standard map, if we are using the standard three miles for a league measurement. The implication is that, even in the published Lord of the Rings, the geography of the Westlands is incomplete, and distances in the text are not necessarily consistent with the maps. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are, however, two potential explanations for all these apparent inconsistencies. The first is simply that Frodo, the ‘in-world’ author of The Downfall of the Lord of the Rings and the Return of the King, was not aware the other settlements of Men in Eriador. Generally, we who study Tolkien take The Lord of the Rings before his other published works, viewing posthumous texts as unfinished notes, and seeing the setting of The Hobbit as an earlier version of that of The Lord of the Rings. In this case however, we would have to dismiss the essential premise of an entire chapter of The Hobbit in order to give primacy to a few lines in The Lord of the Rings. Frodo, as author of the latter, was a very well-educated Hobbit but still a member of an insular society. Given that the Dúnedain settlement in the Angle was a ‘hidden fastness’, it makes sense that Frodo would be unaware of it. We can therefore resolve the discrepancies between The Lord of the Rings and other writings on the grounds of an uninformed narrator. Tolkien (as himself) makes the point in Appendix F that Denethor would have found Pippin’s familiar style of address amusing, something that is obviously not remarked on in the main text, this being an example of an omission by Frodo. This position is supported by a comment the author makes regarding Hobbits living outside the Shire. ‘There were probably many more Outsiders scattered about the West of the World in those days than the people of the Shire imagined.’ If there were communities of Hobbits that Frodo did not know of, then surely there might have also been similar communities of Men? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second explanation concerns the very meaning of ‘100 leagues’. Our source is ‘The Disaster of the Gladden Fields’, which tells us that a Númenorean league was not 5280 yards, but 5277 yards, 2 feet and 4 inches, this being 5000 rangar. A ranga was originally ‘the length of a stride, from rear heel tofront toe, of a full grown man marching swiftly but at ease’. Hobbits are said to be half the height of a Númenorean, and this would naturally make their strides half as long. Going by this, a Hobbit league would be around 1.5 miles, and 100 Hobbit leagues would be 150 miles. And guess what, this distance is just slightly shorter than that between the Shire and the Icebay. It also allows for populations of Men in Rhudaur, and indeed in the area north of Tharbad. This explanation is not fool proof, especially since Frodo seems to use Mannish leagues when talking to Sam in ‘The Land of Shadow’. It does however allow us to reconcile writings in The Hobbit and Unfinished Tales with ‘Frodo’s’claim that Bree-land was the other Mannish settlement within 100 leagues of the Shire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Personally, I prefer to take the view that there were a few scattered villages and hamlets in Eriador in the late Third Age. I believe that this fits with ‘At the Sign of the Prancing Pony’ if the settlements were small and distant enough for Frodo to be unaware of them, or if we take the view that he was giving the distance in Hobbit-sized leagues. This allows for a Westron speaking area south of Bree, and means that we don’t have to disregard the basic premise of ‘Roast Mutton’. It seems backwards to disregard what Tolkien wrote about the fisher-folk of Enedwaith (who clearly lived in settled dwellings), or the Dúnedain stronghold, since it adds to our knowledge of Middle Earth. Furthermore, an Eriador with a remaining Mannish population provides far greater opportunities for video gamers, role-players, war-gamers and fan-fic writers who wish to avoid lore-breaking.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*In ‘Concerning Hobbits’, Tolkien tells us that ‘the Hobbits still said of wild folk and wicked things (such as trolls) that they had not heard of the king. For they attributed to the king of old all their essential laws’.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User:User:Hazad/The_Men_of_Eriador,_Wild_Mutton_and_100_Hobbit-sized_Leagues&amp;diff=292810</id>
		<title>User:User:Hazad/The Men of Eriador, Wild Mutton and 100 Hobbit-sized Leagues</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User:User:Hazad/The_Men_of_Eriador,_Wild_Mutton_and_100_Hobbit-sized_Leagues&amp;diff=292810"/>
		<updated>2017-04-15T13:09:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: An essay on the issue of whether there were other Mannish settlements in Eriador outside Bree-land.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;One of the biggest lore-issues with Tolkien adaptations isthe presence (or lack of) of Men in Eriador. Even that most faithful of popularadaptations, The Lord of the Rings Online,includes a number of Men living in Eriador outside of Bree-land. This is indirect contradiction of a line in ‘At the Sign of the Prancing Pony’, where itis written that ‘In those days no other Men had settled dwellings so far west,or within a hundred leagues of the Shire.’ In the passages below I shall gothrough apparent contradictions of this, and offer two ways in which thesecontradictions can be resolved.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let us begin with the note regarding the location of the Rangers’‘hidden fastness in the wilds of Eriador’. In 2000 David Salo revealed that hehad discovered a note in the Tolkien archives of Marquette university,indicating that Aragorn’s people had their stronghold in the lands between theBruinen and the Mitheithel i.e. the Angle. Michael Martinez argued that astronghold situated at the confluence itself would be roughly 300 miles fromthe Brandywine. The problem is that he’s wrong; the entirely of the Angle iswithin 300 miles of the Shire, meaning that the Marquette note contradicts The Lord of the Rings. Given, however,that this concept never entered the books published in Tolkien’s lifetime, wedo not have to accept it as cannon (though obviously it would be nice to).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Staying with the Rangers of the North, let us examine theway Aragorn speaks about the rangers’ charge, when responding to Boromir’sderision during ‘The Council of Elrond’. makes it sound as if their guardextends beyond Bree-land and the Shire. Aragorn says: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
‘Peace and freedom, do you say? The North would have knownthem little but for us. Fear would have destroyed them. But when dark thingscome from the houseless hills, or creep from sunless woods, they fly from us.What roads would any dare to tread, what safety would there be in quiet lands,or in the homes of simple men at night, if the Dúnedain were asleep, or were allgone into the grave?’&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Aragorn of the books may not be quite as modest as thatof the films, but it still seems unlike him to overemphasis his achievements. Iwould argue that he speaks rather too grandly to be referring merely to fourvillages of Men and a somewhat larger country of Hobbits. According to AppendixB, Orcs ‘renew their invasions of Eriador’ in T.A. 2740, one band making it asfar as the Shire in 2747. If Bree-land and the Shire were all that was left ofthe population, what were the Orcs invading? Of course, it could have beenthese Orcish invasion that led to the end of the other communities of Men, butagain it seems that Bree and Tharbad were not the only remaining Mannishsettlements at this point.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Of the little traffic in Eriador, much of it seems to havebeen made up of Dwarves going between Erebor and the Blue Mountains. Mennonetheless appear to have travelled outside Bree-land, for indeed how didButterbur even known of Deadmen’s Dyke, if there was no reason for Men totravel that way? We know that the Greenway was ‘little used’ but the point isthat it was used. If it had not been then it would have disappeared in the millenniumbetween the Fall of Arnor and the War of the Ring.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aside from the Dunedain stronghold in the Angle, Rhudaurappears to have been mostly deserted. In ‘Flight to the Ford’, Aragorn tellsthe Hobbits that ‘no men dwell in this land’, as they pass ruined castles inthe Trollshaws. The Hobbit chapter,‘Roast Mutton’ takes place in the same area, and the Tom complains that ‘Nevera blinking bit of manflesh have we had for long enough’ and that he doesn’t know‘what the ‘ell William was a-thinking bringing us to these parts at all’.William however says ‘Yer can’t expect folk to stop here for ever just to be etby you and Bert. You’ve et a village and a half between yer, since we come downfrom the mountains’. Before sending Bilbo off to investigate, the Dwarvesremark that ‘They have seldom even heard of the king around here*, and the lessinquisitive you are as you go along, the less trouble you are likely to find’,implying the presence of an insular and hostile people. At the end of thechapter, Gandalf states that the trolls had ‘frightened everyone away from thedistrict, and they waylaid strangers’. Here we have it from Gandalf’s own mouththat there were people in this part of Rhudaur, and clearly a permanentpopulation as well as travellers. It is of course possible for sheep to bewild, but it seems far more likely that Tolkien meant for the trolls to beeating domesticated herds. If the area was deserted, then where did that roastmutton even come from? Of course, it could be argued that the area only becamedeserted again after the trolls frightened people away, but it seems unlikelythat some would not have returned to their homes. There were evidently other Menbetween the Mountains and the trolls’ cave, and it would appear doubtful thatsuch a large area could be entirely depopulated by only three trolls.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is of course possible that the region became deserted inthe 80 years between the events of TheHobbit and The Lord of the Rings,though Aragorn’s language suggests that it has been a lonely land since thedefeat of Angmar. The place where Aragorn makes his remarks could be as far as20 miles west of the trolls’ cave, which is arguably far enough for the Trolls’Cave to be in a different ‘land’. Furthermore, Aragorn’s companions are askingabout the ruined castles they see before him, so Aragorn’s remarks . The notein the appendices that refers to this page is an appendage to the line ‘no Manor Orc of that realm remained west of the Mountains’. The realm mentioned hereis Angmar, so when writing Appendix A Tolkien may have meant Aragorn’s remarksto apply solely to the Men who inhabited the castles. Aragorn’s knowledge ofthe area also appears to be specific rather than vague, meaning that he mayhave only been referring to a small part of Rhudaur. It must be noted thatTolkien was not making a complete break with his earlier book, since Frodo andhis companions come across the three trolls later in their journey. Given thathe revised ‘Riddles in the Dark’, and made many additions to ‘Roast Mutton’itself, it seems likely that Tolkien would have made further changes if hebelieved it important that the land should be deserted. If there were no Men inthe Trollshaws, how were the three trolls even cooking mutton at all?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Something that has puzzled readers is where the Men who cameup the Greenway (who arrived in Bree the day before Frodo) were originallyfrom. One we know was a half-Orc Dunlending in service of Saruman and later theWitch-king, but remarks by Barliman in ‘Homeward Bound’ tell us that many wereindeed fleeing from trouble in the south. Importantly, Rohan was not yet at war,apart from horse-raids in the east by Orcs of Mordor. Gondor had seen fighting,but it seems unlikely that Gondorians seeking peaceful lands would have gone asfar as Bree. Michael Martinez has argued that these refugees were probably fromRohan, based on the following passage from ‘The Hunt for the Ring’: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They (the Ringwraiths) rode then through Rohan in haste, andthe terror of their passing was so great that many folk fled from the land, andwent wildly away north and west, believing that war out of the East was comingon the heels of the black horses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phrasing used, however, is ‘north and west’, northcoming first. The implication is not that people fled west, then north to Bree,but that some fled north and some fled west. This would appear logical, giventhat the south was closed off by the White Mountains. The Black Riders wereclearly capable of inspiring great terror in those they passed near, but againit seems very unlikely that people would flee as far as Bree, given that theroute passed through Dunland. More importantly, it seems very unlikely thatthey could have reached Bree so quickly. Appendix B states that the BlackRiders crossed the Fords of Isen on the 18th September, with Frodoreaching Bree on the night of the 29th. Travelling fast on horsebackby day and night, this was clearly achievable, since the Black Riders took onlyfour days to reach Sarn Ford. Then again, it seems likely that they would havebeen driving their horses beyond their usual capabilities with dark magics. Letus use a more typical example of travel to consider the distance, this beingthe Hobbits’ return journey from Minas Tirith. Accounting for their pauseoutside Moria, it took the wedding guests around 23 days to get from Isengardto Rivendell, and they were well mounted. The refugees must have completed thejourney from the Fords to Bree in no more than 10 days. Given that this is adistance of more than 400 miles, this seems doubtful, especially given thatthey may have had their families with them.  What is also clear is that these incomers couldspeak Westron. Of course there were many Rohirrim, and even a few Dunlendings,who knew the Common Speech, but if their native tongue was not Westron we mightexpect some comment on this, as is typical in the Lord of the Rings.  There remains the question of what they werefleeing from if not the Nazgul. On this matter we can but speculate: there mayhave been local conflict taking place in the area around Tharbad, or perhapsincursions by Dunlendings. The refugees could have been Dunlendings themselves,but were probably not Rohirrim, given that travelling to Bree would meanpassing through Dunland. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The identity of these first newcomers links into theidentity of Sharkey’s ruffians, with whom they appear to have shared origins.As Pippin observes some of them were half-Orcs, such as the Southerner in thePrancing Pony, and indeed at least some may have come directly from Isengard,for Saruman had a considerable number of Men serving him there (‘Flotsam andJetsam’). Perhaps the ruffians were Dunlendings, but if they were then it isstrange that Tolkien did not remark as such. Notably, their leaders did notissue them instructions in the Dunlending language, but in fluent andcolloquial Westron. Again it would seem that there was a Westron-speakingpopulation in Eriador outside Bree-land. When Tolkien was writing ‘At the Signof the Prancing Pony’ he had not fully realised the geography of Middle Earth,and therefore may have intended that there be Westron-speaking Men between Breeand Rohan, but still a long way from the Shire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In ‘The History of Galadriel and Celeborn’, we learn of ‘afew secretive hunter folk’ living in the woods of Minhiriath and that ‘a fairlynumerous but barbarous fisher-folk dwelt between the mouths of the Gwathlóand the Angren’. This was at the ‘time of the War of the Ring’, with both areasfalling within 100 leagues of the Shire. It could be argued that the secretivehunter-folk did not live in settled dwellings, but the fisher-folk must have,since such populations are not nomadic. When referring to settled dwellings,Tolkien contrasts the Bree-landers with the rangers, them being the example ofwhat it is not settled. It would therefore appear that by ‘settled dwellings’,what is mean is simply staying in one place, rather than a particular level ofcomfort. Either way, Enedwaith was clearly inhabited in T.A. 3018 since ‘The Huntfor the Ring’ tells us that, when the Nazgûl rode through Enedwaith, ‘lonelymen fled away’.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some readers may wonder why I have not yet touched upon theLossoth. This is, quite simply, because they clearly did not live in whatTolkien would have called ‘settled dwellings’. Arvedui found them ‘in camp bythe seashore’, and Appendix A also tells us that they ‘live mostly… on thegreat Cape of Forochel… but they often camp on the south shores of the bay atthe feet of the Mountains.’ Interesting, their lands are described as ‘lyinghardly more than a hundred leagues north of the Shire’. This is obviously notthe case on the standard map, if we are using the standard three miles for aleague measurement. The implication is that, even in the published Lord of the Rings, the geography of theWestlands is incomplete, and distances in the text are not necessarily consistentwith the maps. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are, however, two potential explanations for all theseapparent inconsistencies. The first is simply that Frodo, the ‘in-world’ authorof The Downfall of the Lord of the Ringsand the Return of the King, was not aware the other settlements of Men inEriador. Generally, we who study Tolkien take The Lord of the Rings before his other published works, viewingposthumous texts as unfinished notes, and seeing the setting of The Hobbit as an earlier version of thatof The Lord of the Rings. In thiscase however, we would have to dismiss the essential premise of an entirechapter of The Hobbit in order togive primacy to a few lines in The Lordof the Rings. Frodo, as author of the latter, was a very well-educatedHobbit but still a member of an insular society. Given that the Dúnedainsettlement in the Angle was a ‘hidden fastness’, it makes sense that Frodowould be unaware of it. We can therefore resolve the discrepancies between The Lord of the Rings and other writingson the grounds of an uninformed narrator. Tolkien (as himself) makes the pointin Appendix F that Denethor would have found Pippin’s familiar style of addressamusing, something that is obviously not remarked on in the main text, thisbeing an example of an omission by Frodo. This position is supported by acomment the author makes regarding Hobbits living outside the Shire. ‘Therewere probably many more Outsiders scattered about the West of the World inthose days than the people of the Shire imagined.’ If there were communities ofHobbits that Frodo did not know of, then surely there might have also beensimilar communities of Men? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second explanation concerns the very meaning of ‘100leagues’. Our source is ‘The Disaster of the Gladden Fields’, which tells usthat a Númenoreanleague was not 5280 yards, but 5277 yards, 2 feet and 4 inches, this being 5000rangar. A ranga was originally ‘the length of a stride, from rear heel tofront toe, of a full grown man marching swiftly but at ease’. Hobbits are saidto be half the height of a Númenorean, and this would naturallymake their strides half as long. Going by this, a Hobbit league would be around1.5 miles, and 100 Hobbit leagues would be 150 miles. And guess what, thisdistance is just slightly shorter than that between the Shire and the Icebay.It also allows for populations of Men in Rhudaur, and indeed in the area northof Tharbad. This explanation is not fool proof, especially since Frodo seems touse Mannish leagues when talking to Sam in ‘The Land of Shadow’. It doeshowever allow us to reconcile writings in TheHobbit and Unfinished Tales with ‘Frodo’s’claim that Bree-land was the other Mannish settlement within 100 leagues of theShire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Personally, I prefer to take the view that there were a fewscattered villages and hamlets in Eriador in the late Third Age. I believe thatthis fits with ‘At the Sign of the Prancing Pony’ if the settlements were smalland distant enough for Frodo to be unaware of them, or if we take the view thathe was giving the distance in Hobbit-sized leagues. This allows for a Westronspeaking area south of Bree, and means that we don’t have to disregard thebasic premise of ‘Roast Mutton’. It seems backwards to disregard what Tolkienwrote about the fisher-folk of Enedwaith (who clearly lived in settleddwellings), or the Dúnedain stronghold, since it adds to our knowledge ofMiddle Earth. Furthermore, an Eriador with a remaining Mannish populationprovides far greater opportunities for video gamers, role-players, war-gamersand fan-fic writers who wish to avoid lore-breaking.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*In ‘Concerning Hobbits’, Tolkien tells us that ‘the Hobbitsstill said of wild folk and wicked things (such as trolls) that they had notheard of the king. For they attributed to the king of old all their essentiallaws’.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292701</id>
		<title>Angmar conflict</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292701"/>
		<updated>2017-04-11T10:07:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{unnamed}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{War&lt;br /&gt;
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Angmar War &lt;br /&gt;
| image=&lt;br /&gt;
| begin={{TA|1409}}&lt;br /&gt;
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})&lt;br /&gt;
| place=[[Arnor]], [[Angmar]], [[The Shire]], [[Rivendell]], Northwest  [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
| result=destruction of the kingdoms of Arnor and Angmar, decline of the [[Dúnedain of the North]], the Eótheód take the upper Vales of the Anduin as their own from the remnants of Angmar.&lt;br /&gt;
| battles= [[First Invasion of Angmar]], [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], [[Weather Hills skirmishes]], [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Eótheód Incursion]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side1=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Lórien]], [[Gondor]], the [[Eótheód]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side2=[[Angmar]], [[Rhudaur]].&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Argeleb I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arveleg I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Last Prince of Cardolan&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Araphor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Círdan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arvedui]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Eärnur]]&lt;br /&gt;
 .&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[Witch-king]] &lt;br /&gt;
* Unnamed lord of the [[Hill-men]].&lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Angmar War&#039;&#039;&#039; was a centuries-long struggle between the Northern [[Dúnedain]] kingdom and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]].  &lt;br /&gt;
==Prelude==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - &#039;&#039;The Witch King&#039;&#039;]] After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], each ruled by one of Eärendur&#039;s sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; of [[Amon Sûl]]. During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), a new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. This new realm of [[Angmar]] was ruled by the [[Witch-king]], though it was not yet known that he was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain, which extended into the Upper [[Vales of Anduin|Anduin Vale]], with Orcs and other fell creatures, but also Men, most likely drawn from the local population of [[Hill-men]]. In Rhudaur, the Dúnedain there being few, a lord of the Hill-men seized power.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Early Wars==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan Argeleb was recognised as king, though it also kept its own princes. Rhudaur however resisted the claim, and openly allied with Angmar. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the men of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road| Great East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its &#039;&#039;palantír&#039;&#039; was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the Last Prince of Cardolan perished. The remaining Dúnedain of Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad]] and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Cirdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuaded King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was left in a weakened state for centuries.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss,but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Fall of Arnor==&lt;br /&gt;
The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] was slain fighting in Cardolan in {{TA|1851}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and, in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Ondoher would prove to be last in a direct line of kings since [[Meneldil]] when he was slain in battle with the Wainriders four years later. Hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and instead gave the crown to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] the commander who had defeated the Wainriders. Arvedui did not press his claim, and Eärnil maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar. Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor&#039;s strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing it final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from Vales of Anduin, under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running our, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King&#039;s whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the &#039;&#039;palantíti&#039;&#039; of Fornost and Amon Sûl.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The End of the War==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king&#039;s palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor&#039;s strength. Círdan summoned the Noldor, Sindar and what remained of the Men of Arnor then the allied host marched across the [[Lune]], to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the Host of the West. The Men and Elves came down from Hills of [[Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the Angmarim began to retreat back to Fornost. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the Gondorian cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the Angmarim and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to Angmar but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince Eärnur. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from Rivendell and the remnants of Angmar&#039;s army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay Eärnur, but fled upon the appearance of Glorfindel. Angmar was obliterated and all its people west of the Mountains were killed or driven off, but the Witch-king himself fled east, to resurface in [[Mordor]] in T.A. 2002. Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern Vales of Anduin, and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar on the east side of the Mountains, this being the final act of the conflict.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The destruction brought about by this final war left Arnor unable to function as a kingdom, and Arvedui&#039;s son [[Aranarth]] would be known as merely the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]. Arthedain and Cardolan were both heavily depopulated while Rhudaur was deserted, its population having been killed or driven away at the end of the war.&amp;lt;ref name=ford&amp;gt;{{FR|I12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Mount Gundabad]] however continued to be used as a capital by the Orcs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{H|17}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the Men of [[Bree]], who called it Deadmen&#039;s Dike.  Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] under King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] was it re-established.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|VI7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Durin&#039;s Folk|Dwarves]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them (according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2012: &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:During the [[White Council]], [[Galadriel]] indirectly mentions this war and its aftermath. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq&lt;br /&gt;
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wars]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292700</id>
		<title>Angmar conflict</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292700"/>
		<updated>2017-04-11T10:06:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{unnamed}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{War&lt;br /&gt;
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Angmar War &lt;br /&gt;
| image=&lt;br /&gt;
| begin={{TA|1409}}&lt;br /&gt;
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})&lt;br /&gt;
| place=[[Arnor]], [[Angmar]], [[The Shire]], [[Rivendell]], Northwest  [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
| result=destruction of the kingdoms of Arnor and Angmar, decline of the [[Dúnedain of the North]], the Eótheód take the upper Vales of the Anduin as their own from the remnants of Angmar.&lt;br /&gt;
| battles= [[First Invasion of Angmar]], [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], [[Weather Hills skirmishes]], [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Eótheód Incursion]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side1=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Lórien]], [[Gondor]], the [[Eótheód]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side2=[[Angmar]], [[Rhudaur]].&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Argeleb I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arveleg I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Last Prince of Cardolan&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Araphor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Círdan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arvedui]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Earnur|Eárnur]]&lt;br /&gt;
 .&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[Witch-king]] &lt;br /&gt;
* Unnamed lord of the [[Hill-men]].&lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Angmar War&#039;&#039;&#039; was a centuries-long struggle between the Northern [[Dúnedain]] kingdom and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]].  &lt;br /&gt;
==Prelude==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - &#039;&#039;The Witch King&#039;&#039;]] After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], each ruled by one of Eärendur&#039;s sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; of [[Amon Sûl]]. During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), a new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. This new realm of [[Angmar]] was ruled by the [[Witch-king]], though it was not yet known that he was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain, which extended into the Upper [[Vales of Anduin|Anduin Vale]], with Orcs and other fell creatures, but also Men, most likely drawn from the local population of [[Hill-men]]. In Rhudaur, the Dúnedain there being few, a lord of the Hill-men seized power.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Early Wars==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan Argeleb was recognised as king, though it also kept its own princes. Rhudaur however resisted the claim, and openly allied with Angmar. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the men of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road| Great East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its &#039;&#039;palantír&#039;&#039; was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the Last Prince of Cardolan perished. The remaining Dúnedain of Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad]] and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Cirdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuaded King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was left in a weakened state for centuries.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss,but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Fall of Arnor==&lt;br /&gt;
The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] was slain fighting in Cardolan in {{TA|1851}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and, in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Ondoher would prove to be last in a direct line of kings since [[Meneldil]] when he was slain in battle with the Wainriders four years later. Hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and instead gave the crown to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] the commander who had defeated the Wainriders. Arvedui did not press his claim, and Eärnil maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar. Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor&#039;s strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing it final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from Vales of Anduin, under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running our, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King&#039;s whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the &#039;&#039;palantíti&#039;&#039; of Fornost and Amon Sûl.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The End of the War==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king&#039;s palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor&#039;s strength. Círdan summoned the Noldor, Sindar and what remained of the Men of Arnor then the allied host marched across the [[Lune]], to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the Host of the West. The Men and Elves came down from Hills of [[Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the Angmarim began to retreat back to Fornost. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the Gondorian cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the Angmarim and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to Angmar but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince Eärnur. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from Rivendell and the remnants of Angmar&#039;s army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay Eärnur, but fled upon the appearance of Glorfindel. Angmar was obliterated and all its people west of the Mountains were killed or driven off, but the Witch-king himself fled east, to resurface in [[Mordor]] in T.A. 2002. Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern Vales of Anduin, and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar on the east side of the Mountains, this being the final act of the conflict.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The destruction brought about by this final war left Arnor unable to function as a kingdom, and Arvedui&#039;s son [[Aranarth]] would be known as merely the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]. Arthedain and Cardolan were both heavily depopulated while Rhudaur was deserted, its population having been killed or driven away at the end of the war.&amp;lt;ref name=ford&amp;gt;{{FR|I12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Mount Gundabad]] however continued to be used as a capital by the Orcs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{H|17}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the Men of [[Bree]], who called it Deadmen&#039;s Dike.  Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] under King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] was it re-established.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|VI7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Durin&#039;s Folk|Dwarves]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them (according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2012: &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:During the [[White Council]], [[Galadriel]] indirectly mentions this war and its aftermath. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq&lt;br /&gt;
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wars]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292615</id>
		<title>Angmar conflict</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292615"/>
		<updated>2017-04-02T16:37:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{unnamed}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{War&lt;br /&gt;
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Angmar War &lt;br /&gt;
| image=&lt;br /&gt;
| begin={{TA|1409}}&lt;br /&gt;
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})&lt;br /&gt;
| place=[[Arnor]], [[Angmar]], [[The Shire]], [[Rivendell]], Northwest  [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
| result=destruction of the kingdoms of Arnor and Angmar, decline of the [[Dúnedain of the North]], the Eótheód take the upper Vales of the Anduin as their own from the remnants of Angmar.&lt;br /&gt;
| battles= [[First Invasion of Angmar]], [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], [[Weather Hills skirmishes]], [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Eótheód Incursion]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side1=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Lórien]], [[Gondor]], the [[Eótheód]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side2=[[Angmar]], [[Rhudaur]].&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Argeleb I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arveleg I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Last Prince of Cardolan&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Araphor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Círdan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arvedui]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Eárnur]]&lt;br /&gt;
 .&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[Witch-king]] &lt;br /&gt;
* Unnamed lord of the [[Hill-men]].&lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Angmar War&#039;&#039;&#039; was a centuries-long struggle between the Northern [[Dúnedain]] kingdom and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]].  &lt;br /&gt;
==Prelude==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - &#039;&#039;The Witch King&#039;&#039;]] After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], each ruled by one of Eärendur&#039;s sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; of [[Amon Sûl]]. During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), a new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. This new realm of [[Angmar]] was ruled by the [[Witch-king]], though it was not yet known that he was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain, which extended into the Upper [[Vales of Anduin|Anduin Vale]], with Orcs and other fell creatures, but also Men, most likely drawn from the local population of [[Hill-men]]. In Rhudaur, the Dúnedain there being few, a lord of the Hill-men seized power.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Early Wars==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan Argeleb was recognised as king, though it also kept its own princes. Rhudaur however resisted the claim, and openly allied with Angmar. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the men of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road| Great East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its &#039;&#039;palantír&#039;&#039; was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the Last Prince of Cardolan perished. The remaining Dúnedain of Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad]] and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Cirdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuaded King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was left in a weakened state for centuries.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss,but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Fall of Arnor==&lt;br /&gt;
The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] was slain fighting in Cardolan in {{TA|1851}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and, in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Ondoher would prove to be last in a direct line of kings since [[Meneldil]] when he was slain in battle with the Wainriders four years later. Hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and instead gave the crown to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] the commander who had defeated the Wainriders. Arvedui did not press his claim, and Eärnil maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar. Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor&#039;s strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing it final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from Vales of Anduin, under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running our, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King&#039;s whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the &#039;&#039;palantíti&#039;&#039; of Fornost and Amon Sûl.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The End of the War==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king&#039;s palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor&#039;s strength. Círdan summoned the Noldor, Sindar and what remained of the Men of Arnor then the allied host marched across the [[Lune]], to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the Host of the West. The Men and Elves came down from Hills of [[Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the Angmarim began to retreat back to Fornost. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the Gondorian cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the Angmarim and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to Angmar but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince Eärnur. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from Rivendell and the remnants of Angmar&#039;s army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay Eärnur, but fled upon the appearance of Glorfindel. Angmar was obliterated and all its people west of the Mountains were killed or driven off, but the Witch-king himself fled east, to resurface in [[Mordor]] in T.A. 2002. Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern Vales of Anduin, and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar on the east side of the Mountains, this being the final act of the conflict.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The destruction brought about by this final war left Arnor unable to function as a kingdom, and Arvedui&#039;s son [[Aranarth]] would be known as merely the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]. Arthedain and Cardolan were both heavily depopulated while Rhudaur was deserted, its population having been killed or driven away at the end of the war.&amp;lt;ref name=ford&amp;gt;{{FR|I12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Mount Gundabad]] however continued to be used as a capital by the Orcs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{H|17}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the Men of [[Bree]], who called it Deadmen&#039;s Dike.  Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] under King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] was it re-established.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|VI7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Durin&#039;s Folk|Dwarves]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them (according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2012: &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:During the [[White Council]], [[Galadriel]] indirectly mentions this war and its aftermath. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq&lt;br /&gt;
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wars]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292614</id>
		<title>Angmar conflict</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292614"/>
		<updated>2017-04-02T16:34:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{unnamed}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{War&lt;br /&gt;
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Angmar War &lt;br /&gt;
| image=&lt;br /&gt;
| begin={{TA|1409}}&lt;br /&gt;
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})&lt;br /&gt;
| place=[[Arnor]], [[Angmar]], [[The Shire]], [[Rivendell]], Northwest  [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
| result=destruction of the kingdoms of Arnor and Angmar, decline of the [[Dúnedain of the North]], the Eótheód take the upper Vales of the Anduin as their own from the remnants of Angmar.&lt;br /&gt;
| battles= [[First Invasion of Angmar]], [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], [[Weather Hills skirmishes]], [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Eótheód Incursion]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side1=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Lórien]], [[Gondor]], the [[Eótheód]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side2=[[Angmar]], [[Rhudaur]].&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Argeleb I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arveleg I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Last Prince of Cardolan&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Araphor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Círdan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arvedui]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Eárnur]]&lt;br /&gt;
 .&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[Witch-king]] &lt;br /&gt;
* Unnamed lord of the [[Hill-men]].&lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Angmar War&#039;&#039;&#039; was a centuries-long struggle between the Northern [[Dúnedain]] kingdom and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]].  &lt;br /&gt;
==Prelude==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - &#039;&#039;The Witch King&#039;&#039;]] After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], each ruled by one of Eärendur&#039;s sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; of [[Amon Sûl]]. During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), a new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. This new realm of [[Angmar]] was ruled by the [[Witch-king]], though it was not yet known that he was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain, which extended into the Upper [[Vales of Anduin|Anduin Vale]], with Orcs and other fell creatures, but also Men, most likely drawn from the local population of [[Hill-men]]. In Rhudaur, the Dúnedain there being few, a lord of the Hill-men seized power.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Early Wars==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan Argeleb was recognised as king, though it also kept its own princes. Rhudaur however resisted the claim, and openly allied with Angmar. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the men of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road| Great East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its &#039;&#039;palantír&#039;&#039; was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the Last Prince of Cardolan perished. The remaining Dúnedain of Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Cirdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuading King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was left in a weakened state for centuries.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss,but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Fall of Arnor==&lt;br /&gt;
The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] was slain fighting in Cardolan in {{TA|1851}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and, in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Ondoher would prove to be last in a direct line of kings since [[Meneldil]] when he was slain in battle with the Wainriders four years later. Hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and instead gave the crown to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] the commander who had defeated the Wainriders. Arvedui did not press his claim, and Eärnil maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar. Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor&#039;s strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing it final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from Vales of Anduin, under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running our, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King&#039;s whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the &#039;&#039;palantíti&#039;&#039; of Fornost and Amon Sûl.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The End of the War==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king&#039;s palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor&#039;s strength. Círdan summoned the Noldor, Sindar and what remained of the Men of Arnor then the allied host marched across the [[Lune]], to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the Host of the West. The Men and Elves came down from Hills of [[Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the Angmarim began to retreat back to Fornost. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the Gondorian cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the Angmarim and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to Angmar but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince Eärnur. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from Rivendell and the remnants of Angmar&#039;s army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay Eärnur, but fled upon the appearance of Glorfindel. Angmar was obliterated and all its people west of the Mountains were killed or driven off, but the Witch-king himself fled east, to resurface in [[Mordor]] in T.A. 2002. Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern Vales of Anduin, and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar on the east side of the Mountains, this being the final act of the conflict.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The destruction brought about by this final war left Arnor unable to function as a kingdom, and Arvedui&#039;s son [[Aranarth]] would be known as merely the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]. Arthedain and Cardolan were both heavily depopulated while Rhudaur was deserted, its population having been killed or driven away at the end of the war.&amp;lt;ref name=ford&amp;gt;{{FR|I12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Mount Gundabad]] however continued to be used as a capital by the Orcs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{H|17}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the Men of [[Bree]], who called it Deadmen&#039;s Dike.  Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] under King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] was it re-established.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|VI7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Durin&#039;s Folk|Dwarves]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them (according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2012: &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:During the [[White Council]], [[Galadriel]] indirectly mentions this war and its aftermath. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq&lt;br /&gt;
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wars]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292613</id>
		<title>Angmar conflict</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292613"/>
		<updated>2017-04-02T16:29:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{unnamed}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{War&lt;br /&gt;
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Angmar War &lt;br /&gt;
| image=&lt;br /&gt;
| begin={{TA|1409}}&lt;br /&gt;
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})&lt;br /&gt;
| place=[[Arnor]], [[Angmar]], [[The Shire]], [[Rivendell]], Northwest  [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
| result=destruction of the kingdoms of Arnor and Angmar, decline of the [[Dúnedain of the North]], the Eótheód take the upper Vales of the Anduin as their own from the remnants of Angmar.&lt;br /&gt;
| battles= [[First Invasion of Angmar]], [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], [[Weather Hills skirmishes]], [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Eótheód Incursion]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side1=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Lórien]], [[Gondor]], the [[Eótheód]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side2=[[Angmar]], [[Rhudaur]].&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Argeleb I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arveleg I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Last Prince of Cardolan&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Araphor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Círdan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arvedui]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Eárnur]]&lt;br /&gt;
 .&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[Witch-king]] &lt;br /&gt;
* Unnamed lord of the [[Hill-men]].&lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Angmar War&#039;&#039;&#039; was a centuries-long struggle between the Northern [[Dúnedain]] kingdom and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]].  &lt;br /&gt;
==Prelude==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - &#039;&#039;The Witch King&#039;&#039;]] After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], each ruled by one of Eärendur&#039;s sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; of [[Amon Sûl]]. During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), a new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. This new realm of [[Angmar]] was ruled by the [[Witch-king]], though it was not yet known that he was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain, which extended into the Upper [[Vales of Anduin|Anduin Vale]], with Orcs and other fell creatures, but also Men, most likely drawn from the local population of [[Hill-men]]. In Rhudaur, the Dúnedain there being few, a lord of the Hill-men seized power.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Early Wars==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan Argeleb was recognised as king, though it also kept its own princes. Rhudaur however resisted the claim, and openly allied with Angmar. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the men of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road| Great East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its &#039;&#039;palantír&#039;&#039; was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the Last Prince of Cardolan perished. The remaining Dúnedain of Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Cirdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuading King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was left in a weakened state for centuries.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss,but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Fall of Arnor==&lt;br /&gt;
The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] was slain fighting in Cardolan in {{TA|1851}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and, in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Ondoher would prove to be last in a direct line of kings since [[Meneldil]], when he was slain in battle with the Wainriders four years later. Hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and instead gave the crown to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] the commander who had defeated the Wainriders. Arvedui did not press his claim, and Eärnil maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar. Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor&#039;s strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing it final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from Vales of Anduin, under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running our, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King&#039;s whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the &#039;&#039;palantíti&#039;&#039; of Fornost and Amon Sûl.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The End of the War==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king&#039;s palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor&#039;s strength. Círdan summoned the Noldor, Sindar and what remained of the Men of Arnor then the allied host marched across the [[Lune]], to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the Host of the West. The Men and Elves came down from Hills of [[Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the Angmarim began to retreat back to Fornost.. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the Gondorian cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the Angmarim and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to Angmar but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince Eärnur. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from Rivendell and the remnants of Angmar&#039;s army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay Eärnur, but was fled upon the appearance of Glorfindel. Angmar was obliterated and all its people west of the Mountains were killed or driven off, but the Witch-king himself fled east, to resurface in [[Mordor]] in T.A. 2002. Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern Vales of Anduin, and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar of the east side of the Mountains, this being the final act of the conflict.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The destruction brought about by this final war left Arnor unable to function as a kingdom, and Arvedui&#039;s son [[Aranarth]] would be known as merely the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]. Arthedain and Cardolan were both heavily depopulated while Rhudaur was deserted, its population having been killed or driven away at the end of the war.&amp;lt;ref name=ford&amp;gt;{{FR|I12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Mount Gundabad]] however continued to be used as a capital by the Orcs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{H|17}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the Men of [[Bree]], who called it Deadmen&#039;s Dike.  Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] under King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] was it re-established.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|VI7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Durin&#039;s Folk|Dwarves]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them(according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2012: &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:During the [[White Council]], [[Galadriel]] indirectly mentions this war and its aftermath. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq&lt;br /&gt;
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wars]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292612</id>
		<title>Angmar conflict</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_conflict&amp;diff=292612"/>
		<updated>2017-04-02T16:28:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: Major tidy up. A lot of the previous content was drawn from the Battle for Middle Earth rather than canon.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{unnamed}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{War&lt;br /&gt;
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[War of the Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
| name=Angmar War &lt;br /&gt;
| image=&lt;br /&gt;
| begin={{TA|1409}}&lt;br /&gt;
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})&lt;br /&gt;
| place=[[Arnor]], [[Angmar]], [[The Shire]], [[Rivendell]], Northwest  [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
| result=destruction of the kingdoms of Arnor and Angmar, decline of the [[Dúnedain of the North]], the Eótheód take the upper Vales of the Anduin as their own from the remnants of Angmar.&lt;br /&gt;
| battles= [[First Invasion of Angmar]], [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], [[Weather Hills skirmishes]], [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Eótheód Incursion]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side1=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Lórien]], [[Gondor]], the [[Eótheód]].&lt;br /&gt;
|side2=[[Angmar]], [[Rhudaur]].&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders1=&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Argeleb I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arveleg I]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Last Prince of Cardolan&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Araphor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Círdan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Elrond]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arvedui]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Eárnur]]&lt;br /&gt;
 .&lt;br /&gt;
|commanders2=&lt;br /&gt;
* The [[Witch-king]] &lt;br /&gt;
* Unnamed lord of the [[Hill-men]].&lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Angmar War&#039;&#039;&#039; was a centuries-long struggle between the Northern [[Dúnedain]] kingdom and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]].  &lt;br /&gt;
==Prelude==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - &#039;&#039;The Witch King&#039;&#039;]] After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], each ruled by one of Eärendur&#039;s sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the &#039;&#039;[[palantíri|palantír]]&#039;&#039; of [[Amon Sûl]]. During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), a new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. This new realm of [[Angmar]] was ruled by the [[Witch-king]], though it was not yet known that he was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain, which extended into the Upper [[Vales of Anduin|Anduin Vale]], with Orcs and other fell creatures, but also Men, most likely drawn from the local population of [[Hill-men]]. In Rhudaur, the Dúnedain there being few, a lord of the Hill-men seized power.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Early Wars==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan Argeleb was recognised as king, though it also kept its own princes. Rhudaur however resisted the claim, and openly allied with Angmar. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the men of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road| Great East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its &#039;&#039;palantír&#039;&#039; was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the Last Prince of Cardolan perished. The remaining Dúnedain of Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Cirdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuading King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was left in a weakened state for centuries.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss,but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The Fall of Arnor==&lt;br /&gt;
The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] was slain fighting in Cardolan in {{TA|1851}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and, in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|B}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Ondoher would prove to be last in a direct line of kings since [[Meneldil]], when he was slain in battle with the Wainriders four years later. Hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and instead gave the crown to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] the commander who had defeated the Wainriders. Arvedui did not press his claim, and Eärnil maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar. Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor&#039;s strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing it final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from Vales of Anduin, under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running our, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King&#039;s whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the &#039;&#039;palantíti&#039;&#039; of Fornost and Amon Sûl.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The End of the War==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king&#039;s palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor&#039;s strength. Círdan summoned the Noldor, Sindar and what remained of the Men of Arnor then the allied host marched across the [[Lune]], to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the Host of the West. The Men and Elves came down from Hills of [[Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the Angmarim began to retreat back to Fornost.. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the Gondorian cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the Angmarim and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to Angmar but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince Eärnur. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from Rivendell and the remnants of Angmar&#039;s army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay Eärnur, but was fled upon the appearance of Glorfindel. Angmar was obliterated and all its people west of the Mountains were killed or driven off, but the Witch-king himself fled east, to resurface in [[Mordor]] in T.A. 2002. Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern Vales of Anduin, and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar of the east side of the Mountains, this being the final act of the conflict.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{App|A}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The destruction brought about by this final war left Arnor unable to function as a kingdom, and Arvedui&#039;s son [[Aranarth]] would be known as merely the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]. Arthedain and Cardolan were both heavily depopulated while Rhudaur was deserted, its population having been killed or driven away at the end of the war.&amp;lt;ref name=ford&amp;gt;{{FR|I12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Mount Gundabad]] however continued to be used as a capital by the Orcs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{H|17}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the Men of [[Bree]], who called it Deadmen&#039;s Dike.  Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] under King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] was it re-established.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{RK|VI7}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Durin&#039;s Folk|Dwarves]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them(according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{UT|9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Portrayal in adaptations ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2012: &#039;&#039;[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]&#039;&#039;:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:During the [[White Council]], [[Galadriel]] indirectly mentions this war and its aftermath. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq&lt;br /&gt;
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]&lt;br /&gt;
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}&lt;br /&gt;
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{seq-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wars]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ederchil&amp;diff=292569</id>
		<title>User talk:Ederchil</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ederchil&amp;diff=292569"/>
		<updated>2017-04-01T20:22:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{usertalk}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  | __TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
  |}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
=Archive=&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2008|January 12, 2008 - December 19, 2008]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2009|January 9, 2009 - December 23, 2009]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2010|January 9, 2010 - November 19, 2010]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2011|February 14, 2011 - December 14, 2011]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2012-3|February 15, 2012 - December 14, 2013]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2014-6|February 1, 2012 - September 6, 2016]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
= 2017 =&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--Start typing below this line, and below all other messages--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Discussion ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello.I would like to discuss about something [[Talk:Battle of Fornost|here]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Discussions ==&lt;br /&gt;
Let&#039;s talk about it [[Talk:Quest of Erebor|here]], [[Talk:Arnor|here]] and [[User talk:2.86.255.128|here]].{{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I would like to be discussed something generally.Read [[User talk:2.86.255.128#Tolkien Gateway and The Hobbit film|here]].{{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It should be mentioned in any way that  Ravenhill was the place of the final duel between Thorin and Azog in the films. {{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:It should be mentioned in a way that resembles English. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:36, 4 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why don&#039;t you put in your own way? I mean you can write it in your own way (the fact that in Ravendill happened the final confrontation between Thorin and Azog). {{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I&#039;ve done that for roughly 80% of what you&#039;ve added so far. Please improve your English. This is not optional. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 19:43, 4 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Complaint and Discussions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fool.Why did you do that? After all I have done? After all the editings that I have done in Tolkien Gateway;Is this the way you thank me? By blogging me; Is this how you thank the others for their contribitions here? By blogging them? Congratulations.Congratulations.You should be given an award for that.This is the way you thank the others.By blogging them.Right?You are an asshole.If the only thing you know what to do is blogging them and not discussing with them, then do it again. OK? Well done.--[[User talk:2.86.255.128|2.86.255.128]] 20:25, 05 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Blogging is writing a weblog. What I did was blocking you. Because I&#039;ve had to clean up all your edits, and you still continued. Don&#039;t you look at how I (and others) rewrite your contributions? Don&#039;t you learn from that? Don&#039;t you see what we remove all the time, what we keep and what we rewrite? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 21:37, 5 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next time I would like FIRST to discuss these problems with me.OK? {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I indicated your English was below par before. You make a mess, I clean it up. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 10:16, 6 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Why did you delete my editings on page Beorn&#039;s Hall?I am telling the truth about the filming of Beorn&#039;s Hall (where it was shot).You can check it.I am not lying. {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, why did you delete my editings on talk page about Tauriel(I am talking about this page:[[Talk:Tauriel]])? This my opinion. OK? Can&#039;t I say my opinion about her fate now? This is just my opinion about her fate.OK? {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Didn&#039;t I explain enough? The English is too poor to be usable. It&#039;s not a fun thing for me to say to you, but if I don&#039;t, you&#039;ll never improve. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:47, 6 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All these games that I added on Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment do exist.Why didn&#039;t you put these games on this page earlier? Before me no-one else had ever said about these games on Tolkien Gateway. You could have mentioned these games earlier on Tolkien Gateway, but you didn&#039;t.Why?  {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I&#039;m largely retired from active content editing. I still do clean up work, though. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 07:24, 9 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why?Why are you retired from active content editing? You can still create pages on Tolkien Gateway.Don&#039;t be so pessimistic about yourself. {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== About my edit ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why did you undo my edit on the nazgul page? When you actually look at the battle of the morannon, you can actually see a wraith falling of his steed during the battle [http://cdn.roaring.earth/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Eagles-vs-Nazgul.png (A screenshot of the wraith in question)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not complaining about anything here, just asking--[[User:LordAndSaviourSauron|LordAndSaviourSauron]] 18:42, 1 February 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;They are taken out&amp;quot; covers the scene. Whether one was alive or dead is speculation. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 19:06, 1 February 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Ah okay. Also tbh i wonder what would happen if one survived the destruction of the ring--[[User:LordAndSaviourSauron|LordAndSaviourSauron]] 04:19, 2 February 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Battle under the Trees ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, thanks for reminding me not to capitalize under. Obviously a bit miffed you deleted it so quickly, but admittedly there was a bit of conjecture in it. I would point out that by putting &#039;maybe&#039; I clearly labled my conjecture, whereas there are plenty of articles that don&#039;t, for example: &#039;The battle was incredibly important in the course of the War of the Ring: if Sauron&#039;s Easterling armies had beaten the Dwarves and Men of Dale, they would have been able to join up with Sauron&#039;s forces from Dol Guldur in their attacks on the Woodland Realm of Mirkwood and Lothlórien, tipping the scales in favor of Mordor.&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
I don&#039;t see how saying that Thranduil&#039;s army in Mirkwood would have probably exceeded that in 2941 is much more problematic. Anyway, what I&#039;m proposing is that I write a more basic version of the article, then submit it to you or another administrator before saving it. Frankly, the Gateway&#039;s current stuff on the War of the Ring is pretty poor, and we could really do with a few short articles on the battles. The current War template leaves out half the conflict. It&#039;s fair enough to get rid of conjecture, but I&#039;ll happily do that for you. {{unsigned|Hazad}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I didn&#039;t delete it quickly - not as quickly as I&#039;ve deleted other articles. I was busy copy editing it, fixing the sources and everything, but without all the speculation, there really wasn&#039;t much of a history section left. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 05:23, 1 April 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Hazad: IIRC, there was a discussion about having an article about a &amp;quot;Battle under the Trees&amp;quot; a couple of years ago, ultimately reaching a consensus similar to Michael Martinez&#039; [http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/10/12/what-was-the-battle-of-mirkwood/ thoughts on the subject]. Thus, if there are details missing about the battle(s) in Mirkwood, I would advise adding these to the [[Mirkwood#History|history section of Mirkwood]]. --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 06:41, 1 April 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
OK, thanks for getting back to me. I have read that Martinez article and to be honest I think it&#039;s a bit below his usual standards, in that when Tolkien writes &#039;battle under the trees&#039; he is clearly referring to Mirkwood in particular, rather than Mirkwood and Lorien. But anyhow no matter. While I&#039;m asking, why is the War of the Elves and Sauron page protected, when it&#039;s marked as in need of expansion? (really needs to be added to, the only reference is Appendix B)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Lord_of_Dor-l%C3%B3min&amp;diff=292565</id>
		<title>Lord of Dor-lómin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Lord_of_Dor-l%C3%B3min&amp;diff=292565"/>
		<updated>2017-04-01T17:22:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: That last edit was me, I accidentally did it while not logged in.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{expansion}}&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;Lords of Dor-lómin&#039;&#039;&#039; ruled [[Dor-lómin]], the greatest realm of the [[Edain]] in northern [[Beleriand]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Silmarillion]]&#039;&#039;, [[The Coming of Men into the West]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; As a young man, [[Hador]] gained the favour of [[Fingolfin]], [[High King of the Noldor]], while serving in his household. Fingolfin therefore gave him the lordship of Dor-lómin, where Hador then gathered his kin. His son and grandson followed him as Lords and were vassals of the High King [[Fingon]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Silmarillion]]&#039;&#039;, [[The Coming of Men into the West]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Lords of Dor-lómin==&lt;br /&gt;
# Hador Lórindol, {{FA|416}}&amp;amp;ndash;{{FA|455|n}}.&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor the Tall]], {{FA|455}}&amp;amp;ndash;{{FA|462|n}}.&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]], {{FA|462}}&amp;amp;ndash;{{FA|472|n}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Within their own household, the Lords of Dor-lómin spoke [[Sindarin]], but at times still used their [[Taliska|native tongue]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Silmarillion]]&#039;&#039;, [[The Coming of Men into the West]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; They were on good terms with the Eldar, and formed marital ties with the Houses of [[House of Bëor|Bëor]] and [[House of Haleth|Haleth]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Children of Húrin]]&#039;&#039;, [[The Childhood of Túrin]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
Dor-lómin ceased to exist as a realm of the [[Edain]] following the battle of the &#039;&#039;[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]&#039;&#039;, when all of [[Hithlum]] was occupied by [[Easterlings]] in the service of [[Morgoth]], these incomers enslaving the Edain.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Children of Húrin]]&#039;&#039;, [[The Departure of Túrin]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Húrin was held prisoner in [[Angband]] while his son [[Túrin]] was spirited away to [[Doriath]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Children of Húrin]]&#039;&#039;, [[The Departure of Túrin]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; From this point Dór-lomin was ruled by [[Brodda]] of the Easterlings, until he was killed by Túrin in his own hall. Despite a brief uprising by the Edain, the Easterlings retained control of the land.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], &#039;&#039;[[The Children of Húrin]]&#039;&#039;, [[The Return of Túrin to Dor-lómin]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{references}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Titles]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ederchil&amp;diff=292519</id>
		<title>User talk:Ederchil</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ederchil&amp;diff=292519"/>
		<updated>2017-03-31T21:42:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{usertalk}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  | __TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
  |}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
=Archive=&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2008|January 12, 2008 - December 19, 2008]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2009|January 9, 2009 - December 23, 2009]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2010|January 9, 2010 - November 19, 2010]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2011|February 14, 2011 - December 14, 2011]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2012-3|February 15, 2012 - December 14, 2013]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2014-6|February 1, 2012 - September 6, 2016]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
= 2017 =&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--Start typing below this line, and below all other messages--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Discussion ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello.I would like to discuss about something [[Talk:Battle of Fornost|here]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Discussions ==&lt;br /&gt;
Let&#039;s talk about it [[Talk:Quest of Erebor|here]], [[Talk:Arnor|here]] and [[User talk:2.86.255.128|here]].{{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I would like to be discussed something generally.Read [[User talk:2.86.255.128#Tolkien Gateway and The Hobbit film|here]].{{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It should be mentioned in any way that  Ravenhill was the place of the final duel between Thorin and Azog in the films. {{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:It should be mentioned in a way that resembles English. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:36, 4 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why don&#039;t you put in your own way? I mean you can write it in your own way (the fact that in Ravendill happened the final confrontation between Thorin and Azog). {{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I&#039;ve done that for roughly 80% of what you&#039;ve added so far. Please improve your English. This is not optional. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 19:43, 4 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Complaint and Discussions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fool.Why did you do that? After all I have done? After all the editings that I have done in Tolkien Gateway;Is this the way you thank me? By blogging me; Is this how you thank the others for their contribitions here? By blogging them? Congratulations.Congratulations.You should be given an award for that.This is the way you thank the others.By blogging them.Right?You are an asshole.If the only thing you know what to do is blogging them and not discussing with them, then do it again. OK? Well done.--[[User talk:2.86.255.128|2.86.255.128]] 20:25, 05 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Blogging is writing a weblog. What I did was blocking you. Because I&#039;ve had to clean up all your edits, and you still continued. Don&#039;t you look at how I (and others) rewrite your contributions? Don&#039;t you learn from that? Don&#039;t you see what we remove all the time, what we keep and what we rewrite? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 21:37, 5 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next time I would like FIRST to discuss these problems with me.OK? {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I indicated your English was below par before. You make a mess, I clean it up. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 10:16, 6 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Why did you delete my editings on page Beorn&#039;s Hall?I am telling the truth about the filming of Beorn&#039;s Hall (where it was shot).You can check it.I am not lying. {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, why did you delete my editings on talk page about Tauriel(I am talking about this page:[[Talk:Tauriel]])? This my opinion. OK? Can&#039;t I say my opinion about her fate now? This is just my opinion about her fate.OK? {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Didn&#039;t I explain enough? The English is too poor to be usable. It&#039;s not a fun thing for me to say to you, but if I don&#039;t, you&#039;ll never improve. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:47, 6 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All these games that I added on Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment do exist.Why didn&#039;t you put these games on this page earlier? Before me no-one else had ever said about these games on Tolkien Gateway. You could have mentioned these games earlier on Tolkien Gateway, but you didn&#039;t.Why?  {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I&#039;m largely retired from active content editing. I still do clean up work, though. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 07:24, 9 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why?Why are you retired from active content editing? You can still create pages on Tolkien Gateway.Don&#039;t be so pessimistic about yourself. {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== About my edit ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why did you undo my edit on the nazgul page? When you actually look at the battle of the morannon, you can actually see a wraith falling of his steed during the battle [http://cdn.roaring.earth/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Eagles-vs-Nazgul.png (A screenshot of the wraith in question)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not complaining about anything here, just asking--[[User:LordAndSaviourSauron|LordAndSaviourSauron]] 18:42, 1 February 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;They are taken out&amp;quot; covers the scene. Whether one was alive or dead is speculation. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 19:06, 1 February 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Ah okay. Also tbh i wonder what would happen if one survived the destruction of the ring--[[User:LordAndSaviourSauron|LordAndSaviourSauron]] 04:19, 2 February 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Battle under the Trees ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, thanks for reminding me not to capitalize under. Obviously a bit miffed you deleted it so quickly, but admittedly there was a bit of conjecture in it. I would point out that by putting &#039;maybe&#039; I clearly labled my conjecture, whereas there are plenty of articles that don&#039;t, for example: &#039;The battle was incredibly important in the course of the War of the Ring: if Sauron&#039;s Easterling armies had beaten the Dwarves and Men of Dale, they would have been able to join up with Sauron&#039;s forces from Dol Guldur in their attacks on the Woodland Realm of Mirkwood and Lothlórien, tipping the scales in favor of Mordor.&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
I don&#039;t see how saying that Thranduil&#039;s army in Mirkwood would have probably exceeded that in 2941 is much more problematic. Anyway, what I&#039;m proposing is that I write a more basic version of the article, then submit it to you or another administrator before saving it. Frankly, the Gateway&#039;s current stuff on the War of the Ring is pretty poor, and we could really do with a few short articles on the battles. The current War template leaves out half the conflict. It&#039;s fair enough to get rid of conjecture, but I&#039;ll happily do that for you.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ederchil&amp;diff=292518</id>
		<title>User talk:Ederchil</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ederchil&amp;diff=292518"/>
		<updated>2017-03-31T21:39:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: /* Battle under the Trees */ new section&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{usertalk}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  | __TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
  |}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
=Archive=&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2008|January 12, 2008 - December 19, 2008]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2009|January 9, 2009 - December 23, 2009]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2010|January 9, 2010 - November 19, 2010]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2011|February 14, 2011 - December 14, 2011]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2012-3|February 15, 2012 - December 14, 2013]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[User talk:Ederchil/2014-6|February 1, 2012 - September 6, 2016]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
= 2017 =&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--Start typing below this line, and below all other messages--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Discussion ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello.I would like to discuss about something [[Talk:Battle of Fornost|here]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Discussions ==&lt;br /&gt;
Let&#039;s talk about it [[Talk:Quest of Erebor|here]], [[Talk:Arnor|here]] and [[User talk:2.86.255.128|here]].{{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I would like to be discussed something generally.Read [[User talk:2.86.255.128#Tolkien Gateway and The Hobbit film|here]].{{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It should be mentioned in any way that  Ravenhill was the place of the final duel between Thorin and Azog in the films. {{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:It should be mentioned in a way that resembles English. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:36, 4 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why don&#039;t you put in your own way? I mean you can write it in your own way (the fact that in Ravendill happened the final confrontation between Thorin and Azog). {{unsignedanon| 2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I&#039;ve done that for roughly 80% of what you&#039;ve added so far. Please improve your English. This is not optional. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 19:43, 4 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Complaint and Discussions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fool.Why did you do that? After all I have done? After all the editings that I have done in Tolkien Gateway;Is this the way you thank me? By blogging me; Is this how you thank the others for their contribitions here? By blogging them? Congratulations.Congratulations.You should be given an award for that.This is the way you thank the others.By blogging them.Right?You are an asshole.If the only thing you know what to do is blogging them and not discussing with them, then do it again. OK? Well done.--[[User talk:2.86.255.128|2.86.255.128]] 20:25, 05 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Blogging is writing a weblog. What I did was blocking you. Because I&#039;ve had to clean up all your edits, and you still continued. Don&#039;t you look at how I (and others) rewrite your contributions? Don&#039;t you learn from that? Don&#039;t you see what we remove all the time, what we keep and what we rewrite? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 21:37, 5 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next time I would like FIRST to discuss these problems with me.OK? {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I indicated your English was below par before. You make a mess, I clean it up. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 10:16, 6 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Why did you delete my editings on page Beorn&#039;s Hall?I am telling the truth about the filming of Beorn&#039;s Hall (where it was shot).You can check it.I am not lying. {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, why did you delete my editings on talk page about Tauriel(I am talking about this page:[[Talk:Tauriel]])? This my opinion. OK? Can&#039;t I say my opinion about her fate now? This is just my opinion about her fate.OK? {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Didn&#039;t I explain enough? The English is too poor to be usable. It&#039;s not a fun thing for me to say to you, but if I don&#039;t, you&#039;ll never improve. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:47, 6 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All these games that I added on Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment do exist.Why didn&#039;t you put these games on this page earlier? Before me no-one else had ever said about these games on Tolkien Gateway. You could have mentioned these games earlier on Tolkien Gateway, but you didn&#039;t.Why?  {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I&#039;m largely retired from active content editing. I still do clean up work, though. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 07:24, 9 January 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why?Why are you retired from active content editing? You can still create pages on Tolkien Gateway.Don&#039;t be so pessimistic about yourself. {{unsignedanon|2.86.255.128}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== About my edit ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why did you undo my edit on the nazgul page? When you actually look at the battle of the morannon, you can actually see a wraith falling of his steed during the battle [http://cdn.roaring.earth/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Eagles-vs-Nazgul.png (A screenshot of the wraith in question)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not complaining about anything here, just asking--[[User:LordAndSaviourSauron|LordAndSaviourSauron]] 18:42, 1 February 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;They are taken out&amp;quot; covers the scene. Whether one was alive or dead is speculation. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 19:06, 1 February 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Ah okay. Also tbh i wonder what would happen if one survived the destruction of the ring--[[User:LordAndSaviourSauron|LordAndSaviourSauron]] 04:19, 2 February 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Battle under the Trees ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, thanks for reminding me not to capitalize under. Obviously a bit miffed you deleted it so quickly, but admittedly there was a bit of conjecture in it. I would point out that by putting &#039;maybe&#039; I clearly labled my conjecture, whereas there are plenty of articles that don&#039;t, for example: &#039;The battle was incredibly important in the course of the War of the Ring: if Sauron&#039;s Easterling armies had beaten the Dwarves and Men of Dale, they would have been able to join up with Sauron&#039;s forces from Dol Guldur in their attacks on the Woodland Realm of Mirkwood and Lothlórien, tipping the scales in favor of Mordor.&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
I don&#039;t see how saying that Thranduil&#039;s army in Mirkwood would have probably exceeded that in 2941 is much more problematic. Anyway, what I&#039;m proposing is that I write a more basic version of the article, then submit it to you or another administrator before saving it. Frankly, the Gateway&#039;s current stuff on the War of the Ring is pretty poor, and we could really do with a few short articles on the battles. The current War template leaves out half the conflict.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User:Hazad&amp;diff=292516</id>
		<title>User:Hazad</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User:Hazad&amp;diff=292516"/>
		<updated>2017-03-31T18:50:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: Blanked the page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User:Hazad&amp;diff=292513</id>
		<title>User:Hazad</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=User:Hazad&amp;diff=292513"/>
		<updated>2017-03-31T18:42:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: Created page with &amp;quot;{{battle| name=Battle Under the Trees| conflict=War of the Ring| date=15 March {{TA|3019}}| place=Mirkwood| result=	Silvan Elf Victory| side1=Woodland Realm| side2=	[...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{battle|&lt;br /&gt;
name=Battle Under the Trees|&lt;br /&gt;
conflict=[[War of the Ring]]|&lt;br /&gt;
date=15 March {{TA|3019}}|&lt;br /&gt;
place=[[Mirkwood]]|&lt;br /&gt;
result=	Silvan Elf Victory|&lt;br /&gt;
side1=[[Woodland Realm]]|&lt;br /&gt;
side2=	[[Dol Guldur]], possibly [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]|&lt;br /&gt;
commanders1=*[[Thranduil]]&lt;br /&gt;
| commanders2=*unknown&lt;br /&gt;
| forces1=unknown, but at least two thousand and probably more*&lt;br /&gt;
| forces2=Unknown&lt;br /&gt;
| casual1=unknown&lt;br /&gt;
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| casual2=unknown&lt;br /&gt;
}}{{wotr}}&lt;br /&gt;
The Battle Under the Trees is a name given to the culmination of the conflict between the Elves of the [[Woodland Realm]] and [[Sauron]]&#039;s forces in [[Dol Guldur]].&lt;br /&gt;
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==History==&lt;br /&gt;
===Background===&lt;br /&gt;
Dol Guldur had been Sauron&#039;s own dwelling until his expulsion by the [[White Council]] in T.A. 2941. Ten years later he sent three [[Nazgûl]], including [[Khamûl the Easterling]], to  reoccupy it. In the period preceding the [[War of the Ring]] they amassed many thousands of [[Orcs]] and other fell creatures in the stronghold, though they themselves left in T.A. 3018 to hunt for the [[One Ring]]. By the 26th of February in the following year, fighting had begun in Mirkwood, with the Orcs setting fire to parts of the forest.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[The Lord of the Rings]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[The Breaking of the Fellowship]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===The Battle===&lt;br /&gt;
While the Host of Morgul was assaulting [[Minas Tirith]], Sauron&#039;s forces in Dol Guldur attacked the Elves of [[Lothlórien]] and the Woodland Realm.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[The Lord of the Rings]], [[Appendix B: The Tale of the Years]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is probable that the attack on the [[Thranduil]] was designed to prevent him from aiding the Dwarves and Northmen, as he had at the [[Battle of the Five Armies]].  The Elvenking&#039;s army was primarily composed of spearmen and archers,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[The Hobbit]], [[Fire and Water]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; though their bows were not as powerful as those of the [[Galadhrim]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[The Lord of the Rings]], [[The Fellowship of the Ring]], [[Farewell to Lorien]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Unlike most of the battles of the war, Sauron&#039;s army may not have been much bigger than that of the Free Peoples, given that most of Dol Guldur&#039;s strength was engaged against the Galadhrim, and that the objective may have been to tie-up the Wood Elves rather than destroy them. [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] may have been present at the battle, as they had recently ravaged the land of the [[Beornings]]. Then again, it is implied that the northern Orcs were not the most reliable of the Dark Lord&#039;s servants.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Unfinished Tales]], [[The Quest for Erebor]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; During the battle, which was long, the forces of Dol Guldur once again used their tactic of setting the forest aflame. Despite this, the Wood Elves eventually prevailed and Thranduil repelled the invaders.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[The Lord of the Rings]], [[Appendix B: The Tale of the Years]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===Aftermath===&lt;br /&gt;
Although the Wood Elves were victorious, their losses were great enough that they did not come to the aid of [[Dale]] and [[Erebor]], while Dol Guldur remained strong enough to launch a Third Assault on Lórien.&lt;br /&gt;
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*There were at least a thousand Elvish spearmen at the Battle of the Five Armies, and seemingly a similar number of archers. Given that this force was gathered in two days, it can be estimated that the Woodland Realm&#039;s full strength was greater than this.&lt;br /&gt;
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{{references}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Mah%C3%BBd&amp;diff=292512</id>
		<title>Mahûd</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Mah%C3%BBd&amp;diff=292512"/>
		<updated>2017-03-31T12:55:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Hazad: I have used a sourcebook which expanded on the Mahud to expand this article slightly.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{cleanup}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{adaptation}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SBG - Mumak Mahud.gif|thumb|&#039;&#039;&#039;Mûmak Mahûd&#039;&#039;&#039; as visualized by the &#039;&#039;[[Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Mahûd&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; are a Mannish people that appear in the &#039;&#039;[[Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]&#039;&#039;. Their inspiration comes from the riders of the [[Mûmakil]] in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|&#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; (film series)]]. Their name appears to derive from the Hindi word for elephant rider - Mahout.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Mahûd are described as inhabiting the deserts of Far Harad, where they tame and train the Mûmakil. Due to the climate, they wear light clothing (keeping their arms and legs bare) and ride camels instead of horses. They have little, if any, knowledge of metal-working, and their armour and weapons are mostly made of wood and bone. These weapons include spears, daggers, clubs and blowpipes, the Mahûd also carrying large wicker shields. In battle, the Mahûd ride in howdahs atop Mûmakil and attach sharpened tusks to the flanks of their camels, which impale foes in a charge. Kings have occasionally arisen among the Mahûd, but their violent and fluid political culture means few last for very long. Leadership normally goes to the best warrior, with people often defecting to another tribe if their chieftain is a more capable fighter.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Matthew Ward, The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game: Harad, Games Workshop, 2007&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Men from adaptations]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hazad</name></author>
	</entry>
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