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Havens of the Falas

2017-09-05T11:04:58Z

Hildifons: townas > towns

'''Havens of the [[Falas]]''' (called '''Havens of Círdan''' by [[Voronwë]]<ref>{{UT|1}}, p. 32.</ref>) were the two great walled [[Elves|Elven]] cities: '''[[Eglarest]]''' at the mouth of the River [[Nenning]], and to the north '''[[Brithombar]]''' at the mouth of the River [[Brithon]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> Built on the western shores of the Falas, the Havens were the realm of [[Círdan]] the Shipwright and his people, the [[Falathrim]], who were considered [[Sindar]].<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref>

The Havens were besieged during the [[First Battle of Beleriand]], but during the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] the [[Orcs]] that besieged the cities turned north to fight the [[Noldor]] and were all slain.<ref>{{S|Return}}</ref> When [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] established himself in [[Nargothrond]] his rule extended over all of [[West Beleriand]] excepts for the coasts, which continued to be ruled by Círdan, Felagund's ally. Thanks to the alliance between the [[Falathrim]] and the [[Elves of Nargothrond]], the Havens were built as fair towns and fortified behind great walls.<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref>

The Havens of the Falas held out during the later [[Battles of Beleriand]] until they were finally destroyed in {{FA|473}},<ref>{{GA|256}}</ref> and Círdan's people fled to the [[Mouths of Sirion]] and the [[Isle of Balar]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]

[[de:Falas]]
[[fi:Falasin Satamat]]

Olwë

2017-07-09T13:40:57Z

Hildifons:

{{teleri infobox
| name=Olwë
| image=[[File:Karolina Węgrzyn - OlweBeleriand.jpg|250px|Olwë in Beleriand]]
| caption="Olwë in Beleriand" by [[Karolina Węgrzyn]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Olue'' ([[Telerin|T]])Volwë
| titles=King of the [[Teleri]]
| position=
| location=[[Alqualondë]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Telerin]]
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=House of Olwë
| parentage=Unknown
| siblings=[[Thingol|Elwë]], possibly [[Elmo]]<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>
| spouse=
| children=[[Eärwen]], unnamed sons<ref name="Sons">{{S|Princes}}</ref>
| gender=Male
| hair=White<ref name="Coming">{{MR|P3I3}}, p. 163</ref>
| eyes=Blue<ref name="Coming">{{MR|P3I3}}, p. 163</ref>
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Olwë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈolwe]}}) was the King of the [[Teleri]] in [[Aman]], also known as the [[Falmari]]. He was the younger brother of [[Thingol|Elwë]], King of the [[Sindar]]. He may have had a second brother, [[Elmo]].<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

==History==
Elwë and Olwë were both lords of the third clan of the Elves, known later as the Teleri,<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref> and together they lead their people from [[Cuiviénen]] to the [[Aman|West]]:

{{quote|Two lords they had, for their numbers were very great: Elwë [[Singollo]], which signifies [[Greymantle]], and Olwë his brother. The hair of Olwë was long and white, and his eyes were blue; but the hair of Elwë was grey as silver, and his eyes were as stars; he was the tallest of all the Elven-folk.|"[[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]"<ref name="Coming">{{MR|P3I3}}, p. 163</ref>}}

However, during a long wait in [[Beleriand]] Elwë disappeared.<ref>{{S|Thingol}}</ref> After years of searching, Olwë grew impatient, and led the greater part of the Teleri to [[Valinor]], on the insistence of the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Ulmo]].

Olwë became Lord of the island of [[Tol Eressëa]], where the Teleri built a great number of cities, and grew in number. When they finally came to [[Eldamar]] some centuries later, Olwë became the king of [[Alqualondë]]. His daughter [[Eärwen]] married [[Finarfin]] son of [[Finwë]] and later King of the [[Noldor]] in [[Valinor]]. Besides Eärwen, Olwë had several sons.<ref name="Sons">{{S|Princes}}</ref>

When [[Fëanor]] revolted against the Valar he attempted to persuade the Teleri to join him in order to obtain their ships. They were unmoved, wanting no other realm than Eldamar and no other lord than Olwë. Fëanor reproached Olwë and his people as "fainthearted loiterers" and reminded them that the Noldor had aided them when they finally arrived. Olwë rebuked Fëanor's folly and refused to give him any ships of the Teleri, which they valued as the Noldor did their gems. Fëanor withdrew but then led his forces to Alqualondë to take the ships by force. As the Noldor rowed the stolen vessels northward, Olwë called for [[Ossë]] to stop them but it was not permitted by the Valar.<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref>

==Other names==
In one manuscript, the [[Telerin]] form of ''Olwë'' is said to be '''''Olue'''''.<ref name=Quendi>{{WJ|Quendi}} p. 369</ref> In another manuscript the Telerin form is similar to the Quenya form: ''Olwë''.<ref name=Shibboleth>{{PM|Shibboleth}} p. 357</ref>

The Falmari called him sometimes '''''Volwë'''''.<ref name=Shibboleth/>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| MEL |y| ELW | | OLW | | ELM | | |MEL=[[Melian]]|ELW=[[Thingol|Elwë]]|OLW='''OLWË'''|ELM=[[Elmo]] }}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| | | LUT | | EAR |y| FIN | | SON |LUT=[[Lúthien]]|EAR=[[Eärwen]]|FIN=[[Finarfin]]|SON=''sons''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| FIN | | ANG | | AEG | | GAL | | |FIN=[[Finrod]]|ANG=[[Angrod]]|AEG=[[Aegnor]]|GAL=[[Galadriel]] }}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=teleri
|house=House of Olwë
|born=during the [[Years of the Trees]]
|died=
}}
{{seq
|pvac=None
|prev=Position created
|nvac=None
|next=Incumbent
|list=King of the [[Falmari]]
|dates=[[Years of the Trees]] -
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Olwe}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Falmari]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Rulers]]
[[de:Olwe]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/falmari/olwe]]
[[fi:Olwë]]
[[fa:اولوه]]

Rhudaur

2016-05-11T09:00:25Z

Hildifons: /* Location */

{{kingdom
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - View of Rhudaur.jpg|250px]]
| name=Rhudaur
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=North-eastern Eriador
| capital=
| towns=
| regions=
| population=[[Men]], [[Hobbits]], [[Trolls]], people from [[Angmar]]
| language=[[Westron]]
| govern1=[[King of Rhudaur]]
| govern2=
| govern3=
| currency=
| holiday=
| precededby=[[Arnor]]
| event1=Dissolution of Arnor
| event1date={{TA|861}}
| event2=Taken by [[Angmar]]
| event2date={{TA|1409}}
| event3=
| event3date=
| event4=
| event4date=
| event5=
| event5date=
| followedby=
}}
'''Rhudaur''' was the smallest of the kingdoms that originated from the break-up of [[Arnor]] ({{TA|861}}). The other kingdoms were [[Arthedain]] and [[Cardolan]].

==Location==
Rhudaur formed the eastern part of Arnor, and stretched from the Weather Hills with [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] to the river [[Bruinen]]. It reached to the [[Ettenmoors]]. It shared a long border with Cardolan along the Great [[East Road]], and with Arthedain along the line of the Weather Hills.

The land between the rivers [[Mitheithel]] and Bruinen was also considered part of Rhudaur and was called [[Angle (Eriador)|The Angle]].

==History==
From the start of its existence, Rhudaur was unfriendly towards the two other successor states, and took part in a bitter conflict with Cardolan over the tower of Amon Sûl and the ''[[Palantíri|Palantír]]'' associated with the tower.

The last Kings of Rhudaur were not of Númenórean blood, but were descended of [[Hill-men]] in service of Angmar. Under their rule the land became a vassal of Angmar, and thus enemies of Cardolan and Arthedain.

The first [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[Hobbits]] came into [[Eriador]] around {{TA|1150|n}}. However, due to the increasing hostility of [[Angmar]] these Stoors fled the region around {{TA|1356|n}}, with some of them moving west to Arthedain, and others moving back to the [[Vales of Anduin]].

Angmar annexed and terminated the kingdom in {{TA|1409|n}}. By this time the Númenóreans were gone from the region, as well as most of the other inhabitants.

There is evidence that after the fall of Angmar at the [[Battle of Fornost]] the Angle became home to the remainder of the [[Dúnedain]], and the [[Rangers of the North]] established several villages there, where their people lived until the resurrection of the northern Kingdom under [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] at the end of the Third Age.

==Etymology==
The name ''Rhudaur'' is translated by Tolkien as "Troll shaw" (''[[rhû]]'' "evil, wicked" and ''[[taur]]'', "forest").<ref>{{PE|17}}, pp. 115, 170</ref> It is unknown whether it is intended to be the same as [[Trollshaws]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Arnor]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[Category:Mannish realms]]
[[de:Rhudaur]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/rhudaur]]
[[fi:Rhudaur]]

Bree-land

2016-03-27T10:59:59Z

Hildifons:

{{location
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Bree-land.jpg|250px]]
| name=Bree-land
| othernames=
| etymology=
| type=Region
| location=
| inhabitants=[[Bree-men]], [[Hobbits]]
| realms=
| description=
| events=
| references=
}}
The term '''Bree-land''' referred to the land around the [[Bree-hill]], which contained a few settlements:<ref>{{FR|I9}}</ref>

*'''[[Bree]]''' proper was on the south-western side of [[Bree-hill]], the major township of the area with the famous ''[[The Prancing Pony|Prancing Pony]]'' inn.

*'''[[Staddle]]''' was populated primarily by hobbits who made a living from light agriculture, of pipeweed, which the hobbits were especially fond of smoking. Staddle was on the south-eastern side of Breehill, sitting south of Combe and Archet. It was the only of the villages (other than Bree itself) visible from the [[Great East Road]].

*'''[[Combe]]''' was populated primarily by Men, with some hobbits, all of whom made a living from agriculture. Combe was situated on the borders of the '''[[Chetwood]]''' and on the edge of Breehill, between the villages of Archet and Staddle.

*'''[[Archet]]''' was the settlement furthest north. Located in the [[Chetwood]], it was populated primarily by [[Men]].

==History==
The origins of its [[Men of Bree|inhabitants]] are obscure, but apparently they were [[Pre-Númenóreans]], related to the [[Dunlendings]], who had moved far to the North during the [[Dark Years]], and the Bree-landers managed to survive through the violent history of Middle-earth until they were absorbed into [[Arnor]]. It was also the only place of Middle-earth where Men lived with Hobbits on a daily basis: the population of the Bree-land had become a mix of Men and Hobbits, who had migrated from [[Angmar]] around {{TA|1300}}. The ratio varied between each of the four townships of the Bree-land.

In any case, they were still thriving in Bree long after Arnor had collapsed and the memory of [[Kings of Arnor|fallen kings]] faded into the grass. The now independent land enjoyed the (unknowing) protection of the [[Rangers of the North]]. After the [[War of the Ring]], Bree-land became part of the [[Reunited Kingdom]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Bree-Land map.jpg|thumb|Map of Bree-land from''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Bree-land was a major region, that covers a large area: from [[Buckland]] in the far west to the [[Weather Hills]] to the far east. The [[Old Forest]], [[Barrow-downs]], [[Midgewater Marshes]] and [[Chetwood]] were all included within its boundaries. During the [[War of the Ring]], Bree-land was threatened by both [[Isengard]] and [[Angmar]]. [[Saruman]]'s thugs and [[half-orcs]] came up from the south and barricaded the [[Greenway]] at [[Andrath]]. Angmar temporarily secured the allegiance of the Blackwold bandit gang and invaded the northernmost reaches of the region with [[orcs]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Arnor]]
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[de:Breeland]]
[[fi:Briimaa]]

Attack on Dol Guldur

2015-01-21T20:53:58Z

Hildifons: source

{{battle
| image=[[File:Angus McBride - Dol Guldur.jpg|300px]]
| name=Attack on Dol Guldur
| date={{TA|2941}}
| place=[[Dol Guldur]]
| result=Victory for the White Council
| side1=The [[White Council]]
| side2=Forces of Sauron
| commanders1=*[[Gandalf]]
*[[Saruman]]
*[[Galadriel]]
| commanders2=*[[Sauron]]
| forces1=The White Council
| forces2=Orcs from Dol Guldur{{fact}}
| casual1=
| casual2=
}}
The '''Attack on Dol Guldur''' was an expedition launched by the [[White Council]] in {{TA|2941}} against the fortress of [[Dol Guldur]] in southern [[Mirkwood]].

==Prelude==
When Sauron re-emerged, he established Dol Guldur on [[Amon Lanc]] after {{TA|1000}}. His corrupting [[shadow]] was only known as the "Necromancer", and as a result [[Thranduil]] led his people away. The Council of the Wise long feared the Necromancer might indeed be Sauron; [[Gandalf]] himself had entered Dol Guldur a couple of times, finally confirming that Sauron was its master. At first [[Saruman]] opposed the idea of an attack as he was searching for [[the One Ring]] in the area by then, but later, fearing that Sauron was also looking of the Ring, he finally agreed to an attack in {{TA|2941|n}}.<ref name=TA>{{App|TA}}</ref>

==The Battle==
Gandalf carefully planned the attack to occur at the same time as the [[Quest of Erebor]], knowing that Sauron and [[Smaug]] could not assist each other.{{fact}} After leaving [[Thorin and Company]] at the outskirts of [[Mirkwood]],<ref>{{H|Queer}}</ref> he joined the White Council and they marched against the great fortress.

Of the actual battle not much can be said (if this was simply a duel between great powers, or if it involved the use of armies of any kind). Thanks to the devices of Saruman, the Wise drove him out from Dol Guldur,<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref> and Sauron, having already made his plans, fled to his ancient realm of [[Mordor]].<ref name=TA/>

==Aftermath==
With victory theirs, Gandalf immediately left for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], where he would take part in the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref>{{H|Burst}}</ref> After these events, Gandalf and Elrond dicussed their victories and agreed that it would be better if the Necromancer were banished from the world altogether.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref>

However Dol Guldur was not destroyed; it remained standing, staffed by the [[Witch-king|lieutenant of Barad-dûr]], and later [[Khamûl]].<ref>{{UT|Hunt}}, note 1, p. 352</ref> It was not before the [[War of the Ring]] when the fortress was finally [[Fall of Dol Guldur|destroyed]].

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''
:The Attack on Dol Guldur appears in ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'' as a secondary plot thread. [[Gandalf]], who has been imprisoned by the [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]] at the end of [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug|the second film]], is rescued by [[Galadriel]], [[Elrond]] and [[Saruman]]. The three of them defeat the [[Nazgûl]] but Galadriel uses [[Phial of Galadriel|her phial]] to challenge Sauron: he flees to [[Mordor|the east]].
{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]

Nargothrond

2011-06-04T17:40:59Z

Hildifons: /* Etymology */

{{kingdom
| image = [[Image:Felix Sotomayor - Nargothrond.jpg|250px]]
| name = Nargothrond
| meaning =
| type =
| headofstate = King of Nargothrond
| executive =
| legislative =
| judicial =
| capital = Nargothrond
| language = Sindarin
| location = The meeting of the rivers [[Ringwil]] and [[Narog]], beneath the [[High Faroth]]
| populace= Noldorin elves
| currency =
| religious =
| holiday =
| anthem =
| formed = [[First Age 52|F.A. 52]]
| established =
| reorganized =
| fragmented =
| dissolved = [[First Age 495|F.A. 495]]
| restored =
}}

'''Nargothrond''' was the stronghold built by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] to dwell in, delved into the banks of the river [[Narog]] in [[Beleriand]]. This was the base of Felagund's realm that included the lands to the north (the ''[[Talath Dirnen]]'' or [[Guarded Plain]]) and surrounding.

==History==
===Creation===

Inspired by [[Menegroth]] in [[Doriath]], and seeking a hidden place from which to be safe from the forces of [[Morgoth]], Finrod established it in the early years of the [[First Age]], in the Caverns of Narog beneath the forested hills of [[Taur-en-Faroth]] on the western bank of Narog. He was aided by the [[Dwarves]] of the [[Ered Luin]], who also made for him the [[Nauglamír]], the Necklace of the Dwarves.

However, Finrod was not the first to delve in those caves: it had first been inhabited by the [[Petty-dwarves]] before they were driven out.

===Days of Power===

Finrod ruled Nargothrond until he joined [[Beren]] in his quest for the [[Silmarils|Silmaril]] and gave it to [[Orodreth]]. However, since the [[Dagor Bragollach]] the sons of [[Fëanor]], [[Celegorm]] and [[Curufin]] were defeated and had to retreat to Nargothrond, where they were conceived as one of them, but though the city grew stronger because of this, the influence of the sons of Feänor became higher.
Celegorm and Curufin lived in Nargothrond at the time Finrod departed Nargothrond with Beren and were more powerful than Orodreth until Finrod's death was reported, at which time they were exiled.

===Fall===
(''Main article: [[Fall of Nargothrond]]'')

[[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]] later came to Nargothrond and became one of its chief fighters, but he also persuaded the people to fight openly against Morgoth (the bridge was built at this time), which eventually led to its sack by the army of the dragon [[Glaurung]].

===Afterwards===
[[Glaurung]] stayed there for about five more years guarding his stolen horde until he went Northeast to [[Brethil]] to assail Turin, and after being killed by him at [[Cabed-en-Aras]] he never returned. Then, [[Mim]] the Petty Dwarf settled there reclaiming his peoples ancient home until he was killed by [[Húrin]]. The realm remained deserted for the rest of the first age until the [[War of Wrath]] when it went down with the rest of the Beleriand.

==Etymology==
From its first conception, the name '''Nargothrond''' means "Underground fortress on the river [[Narog]]". Its [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarvish]] name was '''[[Nulukkizdîn|Nulukkhizdîn]]''' (erronously spelled ''Nulukkizdîn'' in the published works).

However, in his later life, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] devised the Dwarvish name ''[[Narukathan]]'' instead, to which the Elves suffixed ''-[[rond]]'', "vaulted dome".{{fact}}

In [[Eriol]]'s [[Old English]] translations, Nargothrond is referred as ''Hlydingaburg'' "City of the Hlydingas" or ''Stangaldor(burg)''.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Nargothrond|Images of Nargothrond]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[Category:Caves]]
[[Category:Cities, Towns and Villages]]
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]
[[de:Nargothrond]]
[[fi:Nargothrond]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nargothrond]]

Gildor

2011-05-31T10:24:34Z

Hildifons: fixed references

{{disambig-two|the [[Noldor]]in Elf|member of [[Barahir's Outlaw Band]]|[[Gildor of Dorthonion]]}}
{{noldor infobox
| image=[[Image:Gildor Inglorion.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gildor Inglorion
| othernames=
| titles="of the House of Finrod"
| position=
| realm=[[Rivendell]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=[[First Age]]{{fact}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
<center>{{quote|Elves seldom give unguarded advice, for advice is a dangerous gift, even from the wise to the wise, and all courses may run ill.|Gildor Inglorion<ref name="3IC">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "'[[Three is Company]]"</ref>}}</center>
'''Gildor Inglorion''' was a [[Noldor|Noldorin]] [[Elves|Elf]] of the House of [[Finrod]], who in the [[Third Age]] lived in [[Rivendell]].

==History==
Gildor was one of the [[Exiles]] of the [[House of Finrod]]. He could have been born on [[Valinor]] and then followed [[Fëanor]] under [[Finrod]], or simply born later on [[Beleriand]] during the [[First Age]]. During the [[Second Age|Second]] or [[Third Age]], he followed [[Elrond]] and lived in [[Rivendell]].{{fact}}
[[Image:Alan Lee - Frodo meets Gildor.jpg|thumb|left|''Frodo meets Gildor'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
In September [[Third Age 3018|T.A. 3018]], he traveled with a [[Wandering Companies|company]] to Rivendell. They returned from the [[Emyn Beraid]], where they went to see [[Varda|Elbereth]] in the ''[[Elostirion-stone|palantír]]'' that was kept there. On the [[September 24|24th]], they met [[Frodo Baggins]], [[Samwise Gamgee]] and [[Peregrin Took]] on the road near the [[Woody End]]. They ate and sang, and Gildor discussed the peril that haunted the three [[hobbits]]. This peril, a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]], was near, but fled as he heard the Elves chant of Elbereth.

After separating from the hobbits, he went to the house of [[Tom Bombadil]], probably before the [[September 26|26th]]. He also sent a message to [[Elrond]].<ref name="3IC"/>

Nothing else is known to have befallen him, and two years later, on [[September 22]], [[Third Age 3021|T.A. 3021]], he met the Hobbits once again. He accompanied a riding of great Lords and Ladies, that planned to sail [[Aman|West]] on board the [[White Ship]]. Whether Gildor joined them is uncertain.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "'[[The Grey Havens]]"</ref>

==Ancestry ==
Gildor is one of the less prominently featured Elves, yet he seems important enough to raise questions concerning his lineage, or the identity of this character. Gildor calls himself "Gildor Inglorion of the House of Finrod". He also says: "We are Exiles, and most of our kindred have long departed and we too are only tarrying here a while, ere we return over the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]]."<ref name="3IC"/>

It should be noted that Tolkien initially used names from his (unpublished) ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' writings rather at random in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and the first drafts of the sequel which would become ''The Lord of the Rings'': other examples are the mention of [[Gondolin]] and the appearance of [[Elrond]] in ''The Hobbit'', which were only later brought into alignment with ''The Lord of the Rings'' and the unpublished mythology by a third edition of the book.<ref name="L257">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 257]] (dated [[July 16]], [[1964]])</ref> This therefore is the case of the reference to the name "Finrod".

The name "Gildor" first appeared in the outlines of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in February [[1938]],<ref>{{RS|Hobbiton}} (p. 45)</ref> and in Tolkien's notes of that time, "Finrod" still meant the character later known as [[Finarfin]]<ref name="RC3IC">[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', "[[Three is Company]]", pages 103-4</ref> and [[Finrod|his son]] had the older name "[[Inglor]]".
===Son of Finrod?===
It could be argued that the name "Inglorion", which means "son of Inglor", suggests that he was in fact the son of Finrod Felagund himself, who at the time of writing still had the name Inglor. There are, however, strong arguments against it:
* There were only two children — [[Idril]] and [[Orodreth]] — of "the third generation from [[Finwë]] to go with the exiles".{{fact}}. While on Middle-earth]], Finrod Felagund had no wife since he loved [[Amarië]] of the [[Vanyar]], who refused to go with him to the exile,<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Noldor in Beleriand]]"</ref> and did not meet her again until after his reincarnation on [[Valinor]].
* If Gildor were Finrod's son, he would have right to claim High Kingship of the Noldor instead of [[Gil-galad]] after [[Turgon|Turgon's]] death.
* Since Gildor mentions he is of the Exiles<ref name="3IC"/> (meaning those who originally followed [[Fëanor]]), it is very unlikely that he was reincarnated Finrod's son born in Valinor and allowed to visit Middle-earth in a later time. Only one "return" to Middle-earth is explicitly mentioned - that of [[Glorfindel]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', "[[Last Writings]]"</ref>

===Connection to Finarfin===
However the name [[Inglor]] reappeared, in [[Quenya]] form, for Finarfin (who in the earlier legendarium, was named Finrod). Finarfin's [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was ''[[Ingalaurë]]''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', "[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]", note 30</ref> If Ingalaurë is to be translated in [[Sindarin]] according to the [[Sindarization|sound-changing rules]], this would become ''Inglor''. Thus, the connection of Gildor to the house of Finrod/Finarfin still remains in the updated legendarium.

This all suggests that, while Gildor might have been initially intended to be Felagund's son, in the final version he probably became a member of the House of Finrod as one of its servants, not one of its sons — perhaps one of the knights of [[Nargothrond]].

It is also possible that he was a son of a supposed "Inglor" — a character unconnected to Finrod Felagund.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
Gildor is generally left out of adaptations. This may cause some problems when two characters the hobbits meet later - Bombadil and [[Glorfindel]] (or [[Glorfindel#Portrayal in Adaptations|his replacement]]) - are introduced.

'''1978: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'':'''
:[[Legolas]], here an Elf of Rivendell, tells Strider that Elrond had received news of the burden, but it is left unexplained how.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Adapter [[Brian Sibley]] wanted to use as much of the original Elvish lines as possible. This ment that the heavily wounded Frodo told the line ''Elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo'' to Glorfindel instead.

[[Image:Peter Jackson's Elves.jpg|thumb|The band of Elves in Peter Jackson's movie]]
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:A scene that was shot on the third day of principal photography, "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", is a reference to this passage in the book. It was eventually cut from the theatrical release to postpone the introduction of [[Elves]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref name="PJ">[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring Extended Edition|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Special Extended DVD Edition]]'', "[[The Passing of the Elves]]", Directors' Commentary</ref> In the scene, Frodo and Sam have a meal when Frodo notices Elves in the distance. No interaction is made, and the Elves travel ''to'' the Grey Havens, not from the [[Emyn Beraid]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [[Fran Walsh]], [[Philippa Boyens]] (adaptors), ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring Extended Edition|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Special Extended DVD Edition]]'', "[[The Passing of the Elves]]"</ref> They overhear the Elves singing a sad song, which is in fact a translation into [[Sindarin]] of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s ''[[Elven Hymn to Elbereth]]''.<ref> [[Ryszard Derdzinski]] (ed.), "[http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/movie_soundtrack_fotr.htm#elbereth The Fellowship of the Ring Soundtrack Analysis]", [[Gwaith i-Phethdain]]</ref> Jackson meant for this scene to invoke the sadness of the Elves leaving Middle-earth.<ref name="PJ"/>

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:This video game features both [[Tom Bombadil]] and [[Glorfindel]]. Tom apparently knows nothing of Frodo carrying the Ring, yet Glorfindel does - he is sent out by Elrond. Elrond had received a message, but from whom this message came is left untold.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Gildor makes a brief appearance in the Hobbit [[Introduction (Shadows of Angmar)|introduction]] to the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar|Shadows of Angmar]]'' driving out a [[Nazgûl|Black Rider]] in [[the Shire]].
:He is also the representative for the elves for the Council of the North in the third book to the ''Shadows of Angmar'': ''[[The Council of the North]]'' and appears in Chapter five, "Tending the Glade".
:Besides the epic story line, players can find him in [[Esteldín]] in the [[North Downs]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[de:Gildor Inglorion]]
[[fi:Gildor (haltia)]]

Cerin Amroth

2011-05-26T21:58:46Z

Hildifons: ref

{{disambig-more|Amroth|[[Amroth (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Pronounce|Cerin Amroth.mp3|Ardamir}}

'''Cerin Amroth''' was a mound in the heart of the ancient land of [[Lothlórien]] on which grew two rings of trees and a great tree with a white [[flet]].<ref>{{FR|I6}}</ref> The hill was originally piled after the first millennium of the [[Third Age]] to be used as an outlook post for the growing shadow of [[Dol Guldur]]. [[Amroth]], king of Lórien, later built a house on the flet to use as a home and the hill became named after him.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref>

It was here that [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]] plighted their troth centuries later, and where Arwen surrendered her life in [[Fourth Age 121]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Hills]]

[[de:Cerin Amroth]]
[[fi:Cerin Amroth]]

Caras Galadhon

2011-05-25T20:06:30Z

Hildifons:

{{location
| image=[[Image:Peter Jackson's Caras Galadhon.jpg|250px]]
| name=Caras Galadhon
| othernames=City of the Trees
| etymology= S. "city of trees"
| type=City
| location=The [[Naith]]
| inhabitants=The [[Galadhrim]], including [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]]
| realms=[[Lothlórien]]
| description=
| events=
| references=
|}}
{{Pronounce|Caras Galadhon.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Caras Galadhon''' (pronounced {{IPA|[ˈkaras ˈɡalaðon]}}) the city and fortress of the [[Galadhrim]] of [[Lothlórien]].<ref name=FR-II6>{{FR|II6}}</ref>

==Overview==
Caras Galadhon was in the [[Naith]] of Lórien, in the [[Angle (Lothlórien)|angle]] between the rivers [[Celebrant]] and [[Anduin]] known as [[Egladil]].<ref name=FR-II6/>

The city was located on a green hill surrounded by a fosse and a wall whose gates lay to the south-west. The inhabitants dwelled in large [[flets]] in the trees, reached by white ladders. On the top of the hill, in the greatest of trees, were the house of Celeborn and Galadriel.<ref name=FR-II6/> In the same tree were the highest point in the land.<ref name=UT-6>{{UT|6}}</ref>

==History==
The city was founded in the second millennium of the [[Third Age]] due to the growing threat of [[Dol Guldur]].<ref name=UT-6/>

During the events of the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] was brought through Lórien to Caras Galadhon, and there met the lords of the [[Galadhrim]]. They stayed in the city for a month, recovering from their journey through [[Moria]].

In the [[Fourth Age]], after Galadriel had gone into the [[Straight Road|West]], Caras Galadhon was ruled by a lonely Celeborn as capital of a Lórien which now spanned both sides of the river [[Anduin]]. Later Celeborn left for [[Valinor]] as well, and Caras Galadhon became an empty place.

==Etymology==
Caras Galadhon means "moated fortress of the trees". Although the word ''[[caras]]'' is also [[Sindarin]], the name is said to be [[Silvan Elvish]].<ref name=UT-6/>

In the first edition of ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Caras Galadhon was misspelled "Caras Galadon".

{{references}}

[[Category:Cities, Towns and Villages]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[de:Caras Galadhon]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:rhovanion:caras_galadhon]]
[[fi:Caras Galadhon]]

Battle of the Pelennor Fields

2011-03-26T09:27:58Z

Hildifons: fixed link

{{cleanup}}{{sources}}
{{battle|
image=[[Image:Perkan Pickman - The Battle of the Pelennor Fields.jpg|300px]]|
name=Battle of Pelennor Fields|
conflict=[[War of the Ring]]|
date=March 15, 3019 T.A.|
place=[[Minas Tirith]] and fields of [[Pelennor]], [[Gondor]]|
result= Victory of Gondor and Rohan|
side1=[[Gondor]], [[Rohan]]|
side2= [[Mordor]], [[Harad]], [[Rhûn]], [[Khand]]|
commanders1=*[[Denethor II|Denethor]] †
*[[Gandalf]]
*[[Forlong]] †
*[[Imrahil]]
*[[Hirluin]]†
*[[Théoden]] †
*[[Grimbold]]†
*[[Aragorn]]
*[[Éomer]]
| commanders2=*The [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] †
*[[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]]
| forces1=In [[Minas Tirith]]: Minas Tirith Garrison (strength unknown); possibly around 2200 troops. Around 1000 survivors from Osgiliath. Approx. 2,800 men from Southern Gondor.{{fact}} 6000+ Rohirrim cavalry<ref name="Muster">{{RK|Muster}}; quote from [[Théoden]], "''Yet six thousands at the least shall ride behind me.''"</ref> Unknown number of Men of Southern Gondor under Aragorn arriving from the south (possibly 2-4,000)
| forces2=Unknown total strength, but vast numerical superiority to Gondor's forces in Minas Tirith; possibly over 100,000. Forces consisting of [[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Wargs]], [[Oliphaunts]], the [[Nazgûl]], 18000 [[Haradrim]], and thousands of [[Easterlings]] (Men of Rhûn, Variags of Khand, etc.)
| casual1=2000 [[Rohirrim]], 3000-4500 overall (number unknown){{fact}}; see article
| casual2=Complete destruction of attacking force
}}{{wotr}}
'''Battle of Pelennor Fields''' was the greatest battle of the [[War of the Ring]], and indeed the largest of the entire [[Third Age]].

==History==
===Prelude===
After the fall of [[Osgiliath]] there was no longer a barrier against the forces of [[Mordor]], which moved on the [[Pelennor Fields]] before the city on [[March 15]], [[Third Age 3019]] as the [[Great Darkness]] blotted out the sun.

===Opposing Forces===
Mordor's troops consisted of more than 30,000 [[Easterlings]] and [[Haradrim]],{{fact}} numerous [[mûmakil|oliphaunts]], and tens of thousands of [[Orcs]];
The defenders' numbers were considerably less. the city's garrison likely was no more than 2,000, the survivors from Osgiliath probably numbered around 1,000 (One third of that garrison were killed), there were about 2,800 men from southern [[Gondor]] who arrived just before the siege commenced.

===Battle===
The attackers used catapults not only to attack the city, through bombardment and flames, but also to fire the heads of slain men from Osgiliath and other places Mordor's armies had passed through into it.{{fact}} Later on, the great battering ram [[Grond (battering-ram)|Grond]] (named after [[Morgoth]]'s weapon from the First Age) was put into action.

Before dawn Grond was used to break the city's main gate, and the [[Witch-king]] rode into the city unchallenged, save by [[Gandalf]]. Before Gandalf's strength was put to the test, however, the cock crowed and the horns of [[Rohan]] were heard as around 6,000 of their riders joined the battle. Mordor's strategy for keeping Rohan out of the battle had failed twice, both through the defeat at Helm's Deep and the blockade in Anorien. So the Witch-king was forced to ride out and attack them instead of fighting Gandalf and destroying the city.

King Théoden's charge drove the Mordor forces from the northern half of the field, and charging the Haradrim cavalry he slew the Southron chieftain, the [[Black Serpent]], and cut down his standardbearer.

When the Witch-king's fell beast attacked King [[Théoden]] of Rohan, the king's horse [[Snowmane]] lost control, and was hit by an arrow. Snowmane fell with the king atop him, and the horse landed on him, which proved fatal. The warrior [[Dernhelm]], defending the king's body, slew the fell beast and challenged its rider. The Witch-king mocked him, telling him that no living man might slay him, but the [[hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]] (Merry) wounded him with a sword that had been forged centuries before during the war between [[Arnor]] and [[Angmar]] and which contained spells against the Witch-king. The spells finally found their target, for the Witch-king was distracted and possibly seriously weakened. He was then slain by Dernhelm, now revealed as Théoden's niece [[Éowyn]] and thus no ''man'' at all. The [[Black Breath]] caused both Merry and Éowyn to become gravely ill, and they were sent to the [[Houses of Healing]] in the city. Command of the Rohirrim then passed to Théoden's nephew and heir, Third Marshall Éomer.

At the same time, [[Faramir]], son of [[Denethor II|Denethor]], Steward of Gondor, was also gravely wounded. Despairing at the visions of defeat that [[Sauron]] had sent him via his ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'', and believing Faramir to be beyond aid, Denethor prepared to burn himself and his son upon a funeral pyre. Only the intervention of [[Peregrin Took]] and Gandalf saved Faramir, but Denethor immolated himself before they could prevent him.

Meanwhile, the battle turned against the Rohirrim. The Southrons charged with their Mûmakil and wherever they went horses went wild with fear or were trampled underfoot, and the forces of Mordor rallied around them like islands of defense that the Rohirrim cavalry could not overtake. Éomer, grim after the death of Théoden but shocked by the unexpected (seeming) death of his sister Éowyn, the last living member of his family, flew into a [[berserker]] rage and charged his cavalry headlong into the larger enemy forces. So great was the wrath of the outnumbered Rohirrim at the death of their King that they broke through the superior Mordor forces, hammering deep wedges into the Mordor legions' front lines. However, this soon turned against Éomer: his cavalry had pierced the Enemy front lines so quickly that his company was now cut off from the other two, and surrounded between Mordor's front lines and their reserves. Fighting their way to the docks near the Harlond south of the city, Éomer desperately circled up his men on a hill and prepared to fight to the death, when he saw enemy reinforcements sailing up the River [[Anduin]], and let out a defiant cry at his approaching end.
[[Image:Anke Eissmann - The Black Serpent founders.jpg|right|thumb|300px|''The Black Serpent founders'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
One of the visions that Denethor had seen was of a fleet of enemy ships with black sails arriving at the landings to the south of the Pelennor in the Rammas, but what he had not seen was that they were actually manned by [[Aragorn]] and other [[Rangers of the North]], [[Gimli]], [[Legolas]], [[Elladan]], [[Elrohir]] and many reinforcements from southern fiefdoms of Gondor. As Aragorn's army drove north a great part of Mordor's forces were pinned between Aragorn and Eomer's cavalry, and were "caught between the hammer and the anvil". Aragorn's army then linked with Eomer's, and with their aid the tide of battle was finally turned, and a brief respite was won until the [[Battle of the Morannon|final battle]] before the [[Morannon|Black Gate]].

=== Aftermath ===

There is no clearly stated final death toll for the Battle of Pelennor Fields. There is a definite figure for the cavalry of the Rohirrim that came to Gondor's defence; it consisted of 6,000 riders, and a full 2,000 were killed in the battle, including Théoden. Of the 5 to 6 thousand Gondorian defenders of Minas Tirith, and the large relief force of Gondor's southern provinces led by Aragorn, no definite figure remains. Two days after the battle, Aragorn led an army out to attack the Black Gate that consisted of 7,000 men (When he reached the Black Gate he had less than 6,000); 2,000 Rohirrim and 5,000 Gondorians. The size of Aragorn's relief force may have been over 5,000 or as little as 1,000, it is never stated. However, even a conservative estimate would place total Gondorian losses at 3,000, and more probably 5,000.

As for enemy losses, again, the size of Sauron's great army is not definitely known. There were at the very least 60,000, and this is almost surely an overconservative estimation. In [[Peter Jackson]]'s movie adaptation, the enemy numbered over 200,000, and this may be accurate with the number present in the text. It is known that there were some 18,000 [[Haradrim]]. (The Rohirrim, consisting of 6,000 riders, were "thrice outnumbered by the Haradrim alone".) The Enemy's army was utterly destroyed on the field: all War [[Mûmakil]] were killed, the Lord of the Nazgûl was slain, numerous Trolls, and perhaps all of the Orcs (which composed the majority of the army) were killed, those that retreated drowning in the River Anduin. Many Easterlings and Haradrim proudly fought to the death when the tide turned, even as the Orcs were cowardly running away, with few escaping to send news of the power and wrath of Gondor to lands east and south.

Although a great and almost miraculous victory, at the subsequent Last Debate, Gandalf counseled that militarily, Sauron would still defeat them. The Free Peoples had managed to destroy an army outnumbering them at least 10 to 1, but lost almost a third of their own forces. Sauron had suffered a defeat, but he still had other legions and the force that attacked Minas Tirith, while substantial, was but a fraction of his total strength. Rohan and Gondor had been able to secure their flanks, eliminating the threat of Isengard and the Corsairs on the southern coasts, but Gandalf counseled that even with all of their forces concentrated in the main front near Minas Tirith, it would simply be enduring wave after wave of siege like a sandcastle being worn down by the ocean. Thus, it was agreed that it was impossible to achieve a conventional military victory through strength of arms, and instead to risk all on a last throw of the dice by Aragorn leading a diversionary attack on the Black Gate, to aid Frodo's passage in Mordor.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:The battle is the major centrepiece of the last film, although some of the events described above are simplified or altered for cinematic purposes. Importance is given to the charge of the Mûmakil, the death of Théoden and the Witch-king's demise at the hands of Eowyn.

:The battle begins with [[Sauron]]'s forces marching on the city and firing a volley of severed [[Gondorians|Gondorian]] heads over the walls (as in the book). Seeing [[Mordor]]'s overwhelming army, [[Denethor II|Denethor]] despairs and Gandalf assumes command of the defenders. Both Sauron's army and the defenders of Minas Tirith exchange fire by way of catapults and trebuchets: many orcs, and a few dozen Gondorian soldiers, were killed whilst some catapults and siege towers were destroyed. Then the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], mounted on top of their fell-beasts, descended from the skies, spreading fear throughout the city and destroying many catapults. Meanwhile trolls bring forth the siege towers and engage the Gondorian troops and [[Gandalf]] in combat throughout the night. As the battle wages continues in the dark the [[orcs]] bring forth a giant battering ram named [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]] and with it the [[Great Gate of Minas Tirith]] are shattered allowing the orcs, [[trolls]] and [[wargs]] to invade the city. In the book the populace was almost entirely evacuated before the battle. In the movie, the women and children remained, and many were slaughtered in the lower levels.

:By morning the Gondorian soldiers had taken heavy casualties and retreated to the higher levels of Minas Tirith, there Gandalf helps them to hold out until [[Théoden]] and six thousand [[Rohirrim]] arrive, decimating the invading orcs and routing the Witch-king's right flank; however, Sauron's reserves soon arrive with several [[Oliphaunts]], commanded by the [[Haradrim]], who turn the tide against the Rohirrim. Fortunately, [[Aragorn]] arrives with the [[Oathbreakers|Army of the Dead]] (see [[Paths of the Dead]]), who crush Sauron's forces.

{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[de:Schlacht auf dem Pelennor]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:3a:guerres:bataille_des_champs_du_pelennor]]
[[fi:Pelennorin kenttien taistelu]]

Bombur

2011-03-16T09:47:58Z

Hildifons:

{{dwarves infobox
| image=[[Image:Alan Lee - Bombur sleeping.JPG|250px]]
| name=Bombur
| othernames=
| life=
| realm=[[Thorin's Halls]], [[Erebor]]
| parentage=
| lineage=
| hood=Pale green
| gender=Male
|}}

'''Bombur''' was a fat [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] who accompanied [[Thorin Oakenshield]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]] on their journey to [[Erebor]]. His brother [[Bofur]] and cousin [[Bifur]] also joined the quest.

==History==
=== Lineage ===

Bombur descended from [[Dwarves of Khazad-dum]], but was not among [[Durin's folk]], so he was either from the [[Firebeard|Firebeards]] or [[Broadbeam|Broadbeams]] Houses, since the population of these houses was located in [[Khazad-dûm]] up until [[Durin's Bane]] awoke.

===The Quest of Erebor===
"Poor, fat" Bombur was frequently described as foolish and being the last in everything. Because he counted for two, he was the last to enter [[Beorn]]'s house and the last to cross the enchanted river in [[Mirkwood]]. And he made mistakes when he was last: He tumbled with Bifur and Bofur onto Thorin when they entered [[Bag End]] last. He chooses to stay and guard the supplies camp while the others move up Erebor because he trusts neither mountain paths nor ropes. Later though, he is forced to use the ropes to escape the rampaging [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]].

Bombur slept at several key moments his journey to the mountain. When he tripped into the Mirkwood river, he fell under a spell that made him sleep for days, burdening the others with his weight as they walked on. And while he was on a midnight lookout in the fortified Erebor, Bilbo promised to keep watch so that he could sleep in the warmth (Bilbo used this opportunity to sneak the [[Arkenstone]] out of the mountain). Incidentally, he was asleep when they opened his barrel after escaping the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] and also when Bilbo discovered the secret entrance to Erebor.

Though a handful, Bombur was a a very friendly dwarf.

=== Later Life ===

Many years later, [[Frodo Baggins]] inquired about Bombur and learned that he had grown so fat it took six Dwarves to lift him.

==Etymology==
Bombur, or ''Bumburr'', is a dwarf from the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. His name most likely means "the Swollen One".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref>

== Other versions of the Legendarium ==
In Tolkien's unfinished rewrite of The Hobbit (published in ''[[The History of The Hobbit]]'') Bombur, along with Bifur and Bofur, is said to be Thorin's attendant.
==Portrayal in Adaptations==
'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]'':'''
:Bombur is played by [[Duncan McIntyre]].

'''1977: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]'':'''
:Bombur is played by [[Paul Frees]].

'''1979: ''[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)]]'':'''
:No actor is specified for the role of Bombur.

'''1982: ''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)]]'':'''
:Bombur is omitted; Thorin is the only companion of the player, [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref>[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg ZX Computing iss. 8304 p. 76] reproduced at [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/archive.html World of Spectrum - Archive] (retrieved 16 August 2010)</ref>

'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)]]'':'''
:No actor is credited for the role of Bombur.

'''2012-3: ''[[The Hobbit films]]'':'''
:Bombur will be played by [[Stephen Hunter]].

{{references}}

{{Template:Thorin and Company}}

[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[de:Bombur]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:3a:bombur]]
[[fi:Bombur]]

Two-headed Trolls

2011-03-10T17:54:09Z

Hildifons: /* Inspiration */

{{Unnamed}}
[[Image:Two-headed Troll.jpg|thumb|''"Two-headed" Troll'' by Stephen King]]
'''Two-headed Trolls''' might have been a legendary race of [[Trolls]], as [[Gandalf]] once said that "''I am afraid trolls do behave like that, even those with only one head each.''"<ref>{{H|2}}</ref> If Gandalf's statement was not merely a way of speaking, perhaps the two-headed Trolls lived in the [[Ettenmoors]].<ref>See section "Inspiration" below</ref>
==Inspiration==
''Etten'', the first element in ''Ettensmoor'', is a word derived from [[Old English]] ''eōten'' ("giant, troll, ogre").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 183</ref><ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 770</ref> It has been noted that Tolkien "probably thought of an 'ettin' as a troll".<ref>[[Michael D.C. Drout]], "http://oenewsletter.org/OEN/archive.php/essays/drout37_3/ [An Anglo-Saxonist Gets his Fifteen Minutes: or, what happens when the media briefly pay attention]" at [http://www.oenewsletter.org/OEN/index.php ''Old English Newsletter'' Online] (accessed 10 March 2011)</ref> Historically, the ''Ettins'' have been represented as similar to giants, but with two heads.{{fact}} It is unknown if [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] was aware of this connection between ''Etten'' and the notion of Ettins as trolls or giants with two heads. However, in many other fictional fantasy worlds, the race of Ettin(s) are described as two-headed monsters.<ref>[[Dungeons and Dragons]] (1977), ''Monster Manual''; see further [[Wikipedia:Ettin (Dungeons & Dragons)|Ettin (Dungeons & Dragons)]] at Wikipedia</ref><ref>[http://www.wowwiki.com/Ettin Ettin] at [http://www.wowwiki.com World of Warcraft Wiki] (accessed 15 November 2010)</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==

'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
: Although neither a race of "Two-headed" Trolls nor Ettin/Ettens are mentioned, there exists an individual monster called Skessa, a crossbreed between a troll and giant, having two heads.<ref>{{ICE|2016}}</ref>

'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''
:"'Two-headed' Troll" is a Warrior Ally for evil players.

'''1998-2004: ''[[Middle-earth Online]]'':'''
:''Ettins'', a race of two-headed trolls, was intended to be included in the game.<ref>[http://my.lotro.com/user-875952/page/3/ Roundup 12.1] (02-09-2004) at [http://my.lotro.com My.lotro.com] (accessed 16 November 2010)</ref> A piece of concept art of the Ettins was provided on the web site of ''Middle-earth Online''.<ref>Reminiscence by [[User:Morgan]]</ref>

'''2002-5: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]'':'''
:''Ettens'' resemble the Hill-trolls, but they possess "''not one but two long heads''". The solitary creatures, a result of an ancient experiment by Morgoth, live almost exclusively in the Ettenmoors.<ref>{{D|Fell}}</ref>

'''2007-: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:The ''Etten Caves'' is a troll-infested site in the North Downs.<ref>[http://lorebook.lotro.com/wiki/Dungeon:Etten_Caves Etten Caves] at [http://lorebook.lotro.com Lorebook.lotro.com] (accessed 16 November 2010)</ref><ref>[http://lotro-wiki.com/index.php/Etten_Caves Etten Caves] at [http://lotro-wiki.com Lotro.wiki.com] (accessed 16 November 2010)</ref> The ''Etten'' is a species of the troll-kind, but individuals do not possess more than one head.<ref>[http://lotro-wiki.com/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=Etten&go=Go Searh result:Etten] at [http://lotro-wiki.com Lotro.wiki.com] (accessed 16 November 2010)</ref>

{{references}}
{{legend}}
[[Category:Trolls]]
[[de:Halbtrolle]]
[[fi:Puolipeikot]]

Helevorn

2011-03-08T21:25:13Z

Hildifons:

'''Helevorn''' was the deep, mountain-shaded lake in the cold lands northeast of [[Beleriand]]. [[Caranthir]] had his capital on its shores, but its waters were defiled by [[Glaurung]] during the [[Dagor Bragollach]] ("Battle of Sudden Flame").

== Etymology ==
Helvorn means "Black Glass" in [[Sindarin]].<ref>{{S|Index}}, p. 158</ref> It was probably translated from an earlier [[Khuzdul]] name such as "''Narag-zâram''".<ref name="Parma 17"> [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Words, Phrases and Passages in various tongues in ''The Lord of the Rings''" in [[Christopher Gilson]] (ed.), ''[[Parma Eldalamberon 17]]'', p. 37</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Lakes]]
[[Category:Sindarin Locations]]
[[Category:Beleriand]]
[[de:Helevorn]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/beleriand/lac_helevorn]]
[[fi:Helevorn]]

Stonewain Valley

2011-03-08T21:00:12Z

Hildifons:

'''Stonewain Valley''' was a long straight valley in the eastern [[White Mountains]]. It was made in ancient days by the [[Men]] of [[Gondor]], as a route from the quarries beneath [[Min-Rimmon]] to [[Minas Anor]].<ref name="Parma 17"> [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Words, Phrases and Passages in various tongues in ''The Lord of the Rings''" in [[Christopher Gilson]] (ed.), ''[[Parma Eldalamberon 17]]'', p. 28</ref> By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], it was all but forgotten, but it was rediscovered in time to be used by the [[Rohirrim]] to come to the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{RK|V5}}, p. 815 f.</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name was given because of the "''wains (sleds or drays) passed to and fro from the stone-quarries''" along the long, narrow defile.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 776</ref> In [[Quenya]] it was called ''Nand' Ondolunkava'' or ''Ondolunkanan(do)'', in [[Sindarin]] ''Nan Gondresgion'' and in [[Rohirric]] ''Stānwægna Dæl''.<ref name="Parma 17"> </ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Valleys]]

Stonewain Valley

2011-03-08T20:59:27Z

Hildifons:

'''Stonewain Valley''' was a long straight valley in the eastern [[White Mountains]]. It was made in ancient days by the [[Men]] of [[Gondor]], as a route from the quarries beneath [[Min-Rimmon]] to [[Minas Anor]].<ref name="Parma 17"> [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Words, Phrases and Passages in various tongues in ''The Lord of the Rings''" in [[Christopher Gilson]] (ed.), ''[[Parma Eldalamberon 17]]'', p. 28</ref> By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], it was all but forgotten, but it was rediscovered in time to be used by the [[Rohirrim]] to come to the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<ref>{{RK|V5}}, p. 815 f.</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name was given because of the "''wains (sleds or drays) passed to and fro from the stone-quarries''" along the long, narrow defile.<ref name="Nomen">{{HM|N}}, p. 776</ref> In [[Quenya]] it was called ''Nand' Ondolunkava'' or ''Ondolunkanan(do)'', in [[Sindarin]] ''Nan Gondresgion'' and in [[Rohirric]] ''Stānwægna Dæl''.<ref name="Parma 17">

{{references}}
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Valleys]]

Tol Fuin

2010-03-29T21:39:33Z

Hildifons:

'''Tol Fuin''' ([[Sindarin|S]]. Dark Isle) was an island off the coast of [[Forlindon]].

==History==
When the waves consumed [[Beleriand]] and the regions around it after the [[War of Wrath]], not all of the western lands were lost. The highlands that had been [[Dorthonion]], and came to be called [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]], in part survived the inrush of the sea, and remained as an island far off the western coasts of Forlindon.<ref>{{HM|TI}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Islands]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Tol Fuin]]
[[fi:Tol Fuin]]

Tol Fuin

2010-03-29T21:24:07Z

Hildifons:

When the waves consumed [[Beleriand]] and the regions around it after the [[War of Wrath]], not all of the western lands were lost. The highlands that had been [[Dorthonion]], and came to be called [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]], in part survived the inrush of the sea, and remained as an island far off the western coasts of [[Forlindon]].<ref>{{HM|TI}}, "[[The Council of Elrond (2)]]"</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Islands]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Tol Fuin]]
[[fi:Tol Fuin]]

Of the Ruin of Doriath

2010-03-24T19:59:39Z

Hildifons:

{{Incomplete}}
{{silmarillion-chapters}}
'''Of the Ruin of Doriath''' is the twenty-second chapter of the [[Quenta Silmarillion]] section within [[The Silmarillion]].

==Synopsis==

==External links==
* [http://www.entmoot.com/showthread.php?t=10579 Chapter discussion at Entmoot.com]

Carn Dûm

2010-03-23T21:08:53Z

Hildifons:

{{sources}}

{{location
| image= [[Image:Stephen Walsh - Carn Dum.JPG|300px]]
| name= Carn Dum
| type= Fortress
| location= Located at the western end of the [[Mountains of Angmar]], south of [[Forodwaith (lands)|Forodwaith]], northwest of [[Mount Gundabad]]
| inhabitants= [[Orcs]], [[Men of Darkness]]
| realms= [[Angmar]]
| description= various versions, see below
| othernames=
| etymology= name derivered from its location and number of inhabitans.
| events= Assaults towards [[Arnor]], Under siege in the [[Battle of Fornost]].
| references=
|}}

{{Pronounce|Carn Dum.mp3|Ardamir}}
'''Carn Dûm''' was the capital of [[Angmar]].

==History==
Established on the very western end of the [[Mountains of Angmar]], it was inhabited by the [[Witch-king of Angmar]] and his many servants: [[Men of Darkness]], [[Orcs]], and other fell creatures. From here he based his attacks on the three petty realms of [[Arnor]], quickly managing to destroy [[Rhudaur]] and weaken [[Cardolan]].

[[Arthedain]] fell in the [[Battle of Fornost]] in [[Third Age 1974]], but the Witch-king was routed by [[Glorfindel of Rivendell|Glorfindel]] and in [[Third Age 1975|1975]] Angmar itself fell under an assault, and Carn Dûm was sieged by the [[Dúnedain]] of [[Gondor]], the survivors of [[Arnor]], and [[Elves]] of [[Lindon]]. Carn Dûm was utterly destroyed, although some Orcs survived there until at least the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] and possibly after as well, until they were wiped out by [[Elessar]], [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of the [[Reunited Kingdom]].{{fact}}
==Etymology==
The etymology of ''Carn Dûm'' is uncertain. Concerning the real world languages, it could be [[wikipedia:Gaelic|Gaelic]], in which it roughly translates as "mountain fortress";<ref>[http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/c/carndum.html Carn Dûm] at the [[Encyclopedia of Arda]]</ref> although Tolkien uses Celtic elements for some translated [[Mannish]] names, this would have been the only instance where he uses Gaelic. It is unknown whether this is just coincidence or not.

Though [[Sindarin]] in form and sound, neither words ''carn'' and ''dûm'' have been attested in Sindarin. ''Carn'' could be a form of ''[[caran]]'', "red" possibly also seen in ''[[carcharoth|'''Car'''charoth]]'', "red maw".

''[[Dûm]]'' is a [[Khuzdul]] word meaning "halls, mansions". The name could be [[Khuzdul]] (like [[Gundabad]] nearby) but [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] used ''K'' for this language instead of ''C''.<ref>{{HM|AE}}, "Pronounciation of Words and Names"</ref>

Other than that, it could be some unrecorded [[Avarin]] or [[Mannish]] language.

In [[The Return of the Shadow]], "Carndoom" appears as an early name of [[Dimrill Dale]] which, according to Tolkien, means "Red Valley". This corresponds with Sindarin ''carn'' "red" and ''tûm'' "valley".<ref>{{HM|RS}}, "The Ring Goes South", p. 433, note 13</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Carn Dûm|Images of Carn Dûm]]

== Portrayal in Adaptations ==
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch King]]'':'''
:Carn Dum is the capital of [[Angmar]]. The campaign begins with its construction, and it is besieged once by [[Glorfindel]]. Carn dum is also playabe in the skirmish section of the game.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Carn Dum is a region in the game. It is ruled by Angmar's shadow that has returned to this city in the form of the False King, Mordirith, Steward of Angmar.

{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:Cities]]
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Orc-Dwellings]]
[[Category:Fortresses of Evil]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[de:Carn Dûm]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:eriador:carn_dum]]
[[fi:Carn Dûm]]

Bombur

2010-03-22T11:42:22Z

Hildifons: Added info from the History of The Hobbit, plus minor edit

Bofur

2010-03-22T11:39:25Z

Hildifons: Added info from the History of The Hobbit, plus minor edit

{{dwarves infobox
| image=[[Image:Angelo Montanini - Bofur.jpg]]
| name=Bofur
| othernames=
| life=
| realm=[[Thorin's Halls]], [[Erebor]]
| parentage=
| lineage=
| hood=Yellow
| gender=Male
|}}

'''Bofur''' was one of the companions of [[Thorin Oakenshield]] during the [[Quest of Erebor]], and was the brother of [[Bombur]] and a cousin of [[Bifur]]. He later fought and survived the [[Battle of Five Armies]], and made his dwelling in [[Erebor]].

Bofur was a descendent of [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]], but was not of [[Durin's folk | Durin's line]], which means he was of either the house of the [[Firebeards]] or the [[Broadbeams]]. Both these Houses populations were almost totally in Khazad-dûm up until the awakening of [[Durin's Bane]].

== Other versions of the Legendarium ==
In Tolkien's unfinished rewrite of The Hobbit (published in [[the History of The Hobbit]]) Bofur, along with Bifur and Bombur, is said to be Thorin's attendant.

{{Template:Thorin and Company}}

[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Characters]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[de:Bofur]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:3a:bofur]]
[[fi:Bofur]]

Bifur

2010-03-22T11:35:39Z

Hildifons: Added info from the History of The Hobbit

{{dwarves infobox
| image=
| name=Bifur
| othernames=
| life=
| realm=[[Thorin's Halls]], [[Erebor]]
| parentage=
| lineage=
| hood=Yellow
| gender=Male
|}}

'''Bifur''' was a companion to [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Thorin Oakenshield]] on the [[Quest of Erebor]]. He arrived at [[Bag End]] in the company of his cousins [[Bofur]] and [[Bombur]]. He fought and survived the [[Battle of Five Armies]].
Bifur was a descendent of [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]], but was not of [[Durin's folk | Durin's line]], which means that he was of either the house of the [[Firebeards]] or [[Broadbeams]]. Which most of the population of these two Houses dwelt for nearly all of the [[Second Age]], and for nearly two thousand years of the [[Third Age]] in Khazad-dûm.

==Etymology==
The name of Bifur originates in a medieval poet collection [[Edda]] and the list of dwarves in [[Völuspá]], where it is written as ''Bívurr''.

The name means 'Trembling' or 'Beaver'

== Other versions of the Legendarium ==
In Tolkien's unfinished rewrite of The Hobbit (published in [[the History of The Hobbit]]) Bifur, along with Bofur and Bombur, is said to be Thorin's attendant.

== References ==
[[The Hobbit]],
[[The Fellowship of the Ring]],
[[Appendix A]]

{{Template:Thorin and Company}}

[[Category:Dwarves]]
[[Category:Characters]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[de:Bifur]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:3a:bifur]]
[[fi:Bifur]]

Hobbiton

2010-03-22T11:25:53Z

Hildifons: Changed "town" and "city" to "village"

{{location
| image=[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - The Hill - Hobbiton-across-the-Water (Colored).jpg|250px]]
| name=Hobbiton
| othernames=
| etymology=[[Westron]] ''[[Hobbit]]'' + anglicized ''town'' (''ton'')
| type=Village
| location=The [[Westfarthing]]
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]]
| realms=The [[Shire]]
| description=A small village overlooked by [[The Hill]]
| events=[[Scouring of the Shire]]
| references=''[[The Hobbit]]''
|}}
'''Hobbiton''' was a village in the central regions of the [[Shire]], within the borders of the [[Westfarthing]]. The village was overlooked by [[Hobbiton Hill]] (usually called simply '[[The Hill]]'), in which was [[Bag End]], the ancestral smial of the [[Baggins Family]] and the famous [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]. Hobbiton was located on the [[The Water|Water]], approximately a mile northwest of the neighboring village of [[Bywater]]. The [[Bywater Road]] passed through both villages and connected them to the [[Great East Road]] to the south.

The village of Hobbiton was on both sides of the Water. The dwellings were standard of [[Hobbits]], referred to as [[smials]] or [[Hobbit-holes]] but there were also buildings of wood, brick, or stone. One of the more prominent buildings in Hobbiton was [[Old Mill|Sandyman's Mill]] which stood on the north side of the Water, near the bridge. The [[Old Grange]] was on the west side of the lane which ran from the bridge to the Hill where [[Bag End]] stood. On the southern side of the Hill were three smaller Hobbit-holes along [[Bagshot Row]], on the south of the Water there were several other dwellings. The village also has their own Post Office.

After the [[War of the Ring]], Hobbiton was devasted by [[The Scouring of the Shire]]. [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]] had named himself Chief and rough-looking [[Men]] had come to Hobbiton on Lotho's invitation. Frodo and his companions were stunned to see their homes, trees and hedges all torn up.

{{quote|It was one of the saddest hours in their lives. The great chimney rose up before them; and as they drew near the old village across the Water, through rows of new mean houses along each side of the road, they saw the new mill in all its frowning and dirty ugliness: a great brick building straddling the stream, which it fouled with a steaming and stinking overflow. All along the Bywater Road every tree had been felled.|[[The Return of the King]]. [[The Scouring of the Shire]]}}

After the Scouring of the Shire, Bag End was restored and new holes were dug along Bagshot Row. The new mill was removed. [[Sam Gamgee]] spread [[Galadriel|Galadriel's]] gift of earth from her orchard around the Shire, paying special attention to Hobbiton and Bywater. He planted the [[mallorn]] seed in the [[Party Field]] by the Hill where the [[The Party Tree|Party Tree]] had once stood. Soon Hobbiton was a peaceful and beautiful village once again.

[[Category:Shire]]
[[Category:Cities]]

Glamdring

2010-03-22T11:22:54Z

Hildifons: Added info from History of the Hobbit to Runic inscription

{{objects
| image=[[Image:John Howe - Gandalf the White 01.JPG|250px]]
| name=Glamdring
| othernames=
| derivation=
| location=[[Gondolin]], various
| ownedby=[[Turgon the Wise|Turgon]], [[Gandalf]]
| maker=
| appearance=Sword with gemstones and runes
| references =
|}}
{{Pronounce|Glamdring.mp3|Ardamir}}
<center>{{quote|This, [[Gandalf]], was '''Glamdring''', Foe-hammer that the [[Turgon the Wise|king of Gondolin]] once wore.|[[Elrond]]<ref name="shortrest"/>}}</center>

'''Glamdring''' was a sword, said to have belonged to [[Turgon the Wise|Turgon]], but best known as the weapon of [[Gandalf]] during the [[War of the Ring]]. It was known in Westron as the '''Foe-hammer''', and Orcs knew it as '''Beater'''.

==History==
===Beater===
Glamdring was originally borne by Turgon, the King of [[Gondolin]].<ref name="shortrest">{{H|3}}</ref> He must have wielded it with strength during the [[Nírnaeth Arnoediad]] or the [[Fall of Gondolin]], for the [[Orcs]] named it "Beater", and fled before it. Up until the late [[Third Age]], orcs of the [[Misty Mountains]] knew of this legendary sword,<ref name="overhill">{{H|4}}, "[[Over Hill and Under Hill]]"</ref> so it must have done some damage.

The name most likely originated in the [[Nírnaeth Arnoediad]], where it is said that Turgon "hewed his way to the side of [[Fingon|his brother]]".<ref>{{S|20}}</ref> No other tales mention the actions of the sword, and it is unknown what happened to it during the Fall of Gondolin. Turgon perished as the [[Tower of the King]] fell on top of him, but of the fate of Glamdring nothing is told.<ref>{{S|23}}</ref>

===Survival===
The sword survived roughly 6500 years from the Fall of Gondolin in [[First Age 510|F.A. 510]] to its eventual rediscovery in [[Third Age 2941|T.A. 2941]]. In that period, it traveled from [[Gondolin]] to a [[Trolls|Troll]]'s cave in the [[Trollshaws]]. Much mystery surrounds this feat, but Elrond reasoned that Glamdring (along with [[Orcrist]] and [[Sting]]) was plunderded from other plunderers, or carried off to the Misty Mountains soon after the Fall of Gondolin.<ref name="shortrest"/>

===At Gandalf's side===
In May [[Third Age 2941|T.A. 2941]], [[Gandalf]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Thorin and Company|a group of dwarves]] encountered three trolls in the Trollshaws - [[William Huggins|William]], [[Bert]] and [[Tom]]. The Trolls captured Bilbo and the Dwarves, but Gandalf destroyed them by exposing them to sunlight. Glamdring, along with [[Orcrist]] and [[Sting]], were found in a cave nearby.<ref name="mutton">{{H|2}}</ref> Gandalf claimed the weapon as his own, amazed by its appearance and inscription. The inscription was set in a script of [[runes]] Gandalf did not know; he needed the knowledge of Elrond for that. Elrond translated the runes, and called it by its Mannish name: "[[Foe-hammer]]".<ref name="shortrest"/>
[[Image:Donato Giancola - You Cannot Pass.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Gandalf wielding Glamdring, by [[Donato Giancola]].]]
Gandalf would use the sword well; its first victim was the [[Great Goblin]]. Other Orcs fled as they recognized the sword as "Beater". This means that either some Orcs were at the [[Fall of Gondolin]], or that they had legends about two glowing swords - Beater and [[Biter]].<ref name="overhill"/> Whether Gandalf used the sword again during the [[The Hobbit|Quest for Erebor]] is uncertain, though it is likely that he wielded it in the [[Battle of Five Armies]].

Gandalf bore Glamdring at his side when the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] left [[Rivendell]] in [[Third Age 3018|T.A. 3018]].<ref>{{FR|II3}}</ref> He used the blade during the [[Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul]], and a short time thereafter in the standoff with [[Durin's Bane|the Balrog]].<ref>{{FR|II5}}</ref> After the collapse of the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm|bridge]], Gandalf and the Balrog fought on to the [[Endless Stair]] and [[Durin's Tower]], but in his recollection of the event he does not tell whether he used Glamdring or his staff in the [[Battle of the Peak]].<ref>{{TT|III5}}</ref>

Gandalf's spirit perished there, but was sent back because his task was not yet complete. He had Glamdring with him when he met the [[Three Hunters]]; he gave it to [[Háma]] at [[Edoras]], when asked to surrender it.<ref>{{TT|III6}}</ref> Gandalf would continue to bear it throughout the [[War of the Ring]], and carried it at his side when he, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] arrived at the [[Prancing Pony]] in [[Bree]]. Gandalf and the Hobbits had seen so much war at the time that wearing a weapon did not seem odd.<ref>{{RK|VI7}}</ref>

===Fate===
On [[September 29]], [[Third Age 3021|T.A. 3021]],<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> Gandalf left [[Middle-earth]] and sailed into the West.<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> Whether he took Glamdring with him is never mentioned, and is open to debate. It can be argued that he brought it over the Sea, like he did with [[Shadowfax]],<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 268]] (dated [[January 19]], [[1965]])</ref> and because he had been carrying the sword for over 80 years. There would, however, be little need for a weapon in [[Valinor]], as there was little love left for any weapon in the Blessed Realm after the [[First Kinslaying]].{{fact}}

==Appearance==
Glamdring and Orcrist are described in ''The Hobbit'' as having "beautiful scabbards and jeweled hilts".<ref name="mutton"/> They would glow blue in the presence of Orcs. The "sword of Turgon" (not directly identified as Glamdring) had "a white and gold sword in a ruel-bone (ivory) sheath".<ref>{{UT|1}}, note 31</ref>

===Rune inscription===
When he took the sword, Gandalf said he could not read the runes. Elrond did, however. This could be considered strange, because in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Gandalf is portrayed as a person of at least equal wisdom and knowledge to Elrond.

A fitting explanation would be the "[[Gondolinic Runes]]", devised by Tolkien in either 1924 or 1930. This set of Runes was first published in 1992.<ref>First published in ''[[Mythlore]]'' 69, pages 20-25 (edited by [[Paul Nolan Hyde]]), analysed in issue 70, pages 23-24 (by [[Carl F. Hostetter]]). See also [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Gondolinic Runes", in ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]'' 15 (edited by [[Christopher Gilson]]), page 111-113 </ref> In this script, an inscription "GLAMDRING" would read "MZ(unknown)ŪNRI(unknown)M" in [[Angerthas Moria]].<ref>[[Lisa Star]], "[http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9902/runegond.html Runes of Gondolin]"</ref> The actual inscription remains unclear, however.

In 1960, Tolkien began a complete rewrite of the Hobbit in which he added the fact that Glamdring was covered in dark blood when Gandalf found it, explaining why the runes were unreadable until cleaned by Elrond.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[John Rateliff]] (ed.), [[The History of The Hobbit]], page 799</ref>

==Etymology==
The word ''Glamdring'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning '''Foe-hammer''' in [[Westron]];<ref name="shortrest"/> it is comprised of two elements. The first element is ''[[Glamhoth|glam]]''. This word has a long history in Tolkien's mind, but always had evil connotations. In its earliest appearances, it meant "fierce hate",<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Gilson]], [[Patrick H. Wynne]] (eds.), "Namelist to ''The Fall of Gondolin''", in: [[Parma Eldalamberon]] 15 (edited by Christopher Gilson et. al.), page 25</ref> but later, its meaning became "shouting, confused noise", and became (poetically) associated with [[Orcs]] (cf. [[glamhoth]]).<ref name="etym"/> The second element is ''dring'', said to mean "hammer".<ref name="etym">{{HM|LR}}, "[[The Etymologies]]"</ref> The sword was also given the crude name '''Beater''' by the Orcs.<ref name="overhill"/>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[Image:Bakshi-lotr.jpg|thumb|Glamdring in [[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]].]]
'''1968: ''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Glamdring is found in the cave of the trolls, and later named by Elrond. Gandalf himself recounts how it was once borne by the King of Gondolin.<ref>''[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)]]'', "[[Out of the Frying-Pan into the Fire (episode)|Out of the Frying-Pan into the Fire]]"</ref>

'''1977: ''[[Rankin/Bass' The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Gandalf acquires Glamdring in the trolls' cave. Elrond recognizes the sword at first glance; perhaps he simply deduces the fact that it was Glamdring because he had identified its mate Orcrist just before. After leaving [[Rivendell]], Gandalf notably uses the sword only when rescuing Bilbo and the Dwarves from Goblin-town.

'''1978: ''[[Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:On promotional art, Glamdring is portrayed as an ordinary longsword, with no inscription visible. In the movie itself, it goes unnamed, and is considerably shorter, only a one-handed sword.<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]'', "[[Gandalf Triumphant]]'</ref>

'''1980: ''[[Rankin/Bass' The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Gandalf does not use a sword, only his staff.

'''1981: ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Glamdring is not named, and the presence of a sword is mentioned only once: when Gandalf has to surrender it to [[Háma]].<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)]]'', "[[The King of the Golden Hall (episode)|The King of the Golden Hall]]"</ref>

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Glamdring is an Elven longsword. It glows with pale light when enemies are near.<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]]'', Manual, page 9</ref>

'''2001-3: ''[[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]'':'''
:Glamdring is a name given to the sword of Gandalf in the film's promotional materials, but it is not named in the films. The sword is, according to most replicas, 47 inches (approximately 120 centimeters) long<ref>''[[The Noble Collection]]'' Glamdring, [http://www.weaponmasters.com/shopping/Glamdring-The-Sword-of-Gandalf-p-16913.html Weaponmasters.com]</ref>, and does not glow blue. When asked, [[Peter Jackson]] and [[Philippa Boyens]] reacted jokingly that is was due to "budgetary cuts", and they had "not enough blue left".<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [[Philippa Boyens]], [[Fran Walsh]] (eds.), ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring Extended Edition|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring: Special Extended DVD Edition]]'', "[[A Journey in the Dark (scene)|A Journey in the Dark]]", Director Commentary</ref>

:The rune inscription is engraved in the cross-guard, and adds power to the sword. With this extra power Gandalf was able to defeat [[Durin's Bane]].<ref name="lotrwaw">[[Chris Smith]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare]]'', page 68-69</ref> The actual inscription reads as thus:
::"''Turgon [[aran]] Gondolin tortha gar a matha i vegil Glamdring gûd daedheloth, dam an [[Glamhoth]]''".
:This is [[Sindarin]], and translates to "Turgon, king of Gondolin, wields, has, and holds the sword Glamdring, Foe of Morgoth's realm, Hammer of the Orcs".<ref name="lotrwaw"/>

'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|Sierra's The Hobbit]]'':'''
:As this game focuses on Bilbo rather than the entire group, Glamdring is never named, and only appears once, when Gandalf and the player (as Bilbo) have to wield off several goblins in the Misty Mountains.<ref>''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)]]'', "Over Hill and Under Hill"</ref> An alternative survival theory is also given: the caves in the Trollshaws were - according to [[Glóin (Son of Gróin)|Glóin]] - dug by the [[Witch-king of Angmar]] during his reign in the region.<ref>''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)]]'', "Troll-hole"</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Glamdring|Images of Glamdring]]

{{weapons}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Swords]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Gondolin and Turgon]]
[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Glamdring]]
[[fi:Glamdring]]

Category talk:Cities

2010-03-21T18:44:32Z

Hildifons:

Why is every settlement cramped into this category? Tolkien consistently refers to villages, towns and cities. I would like to make those three separate categories as soon as i figure how. //Hildifons 20:56, 20/3-10

:True. Perhaps we should change the name of the category to "Settlements", as it might be difficult to decide if a certain location is a town, a village or a city. --[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 20:10, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

::I think it would be possible for a great many. But I agree "settlements" is more appropriate. //Hildifons 19:43, 21/3-10

Bywater

2010-03-21T15:26:24Z

Hildifons:

{{location
| image=
| name=Bywater
| othernames=
| etymology=
| type=Village
| location=The [[Westfarthing]]
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]]
| realms=The [[Shire]]
| description=A small village by the [[Bywater Pool]]
| events=The [[Battle of Bywater]]
| references=''[[The Hobbit]]''
|}}

'''Bywater''' was a village in the [[Westfarthing]] of the [[Shire]], north of the [[East Road]]. It housed [[Green Dragon Inn|The Green Dragon Inn]] and its residents included the [[Cotton Family]] and [[Old Noakes]].

The village was by the [[Bywater Pool]] with most of its holes and houses on the south bank by the road, the northernmost of which was The Green Dragon. On the north bank of the Pool there was a row of [[Smials]] with water-side gardens. From the middle of the village, [[South Lane]] led to Cotton’s farm. South from the East Road ran the road north to [[Hobbiton]], lined by an avenue of trees. The village had its own post office.

In 3018, the Shire was taken over by [[Saruman]] and his [[Ruffians]]. A year later many houses in Bywater stood empty and some had even been burnt. At the return of [[Frodo]] and his companions, Bywater became the centre of the rebellion which ultimately ended with the [[Battle of Bywater]] and the liberation of the Shire.

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
'''2003: ''[[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King]]'':'''
The villages of Hobbiton and Bywater was merged in the film so that The Green Dragon was put on the other side of the water from [[Bag End]] facing [[Old Mill|Sandyman's Mill]]. The events of the [[Scouring of the Shire]] was completly left out.

{{navigation
| title=Village of Bywater
| north-west='''[[Hobbiton]]''', [[The Hill]], [[Overhill]], [[Rushock Bog]], [[Needlehole]]
| north=[[Bywater Pool]], [[Bindbole Wood]]. '''The [[Northfarthing]]'''
| north-east=[[Brockenborings]], [[Scary]], [[Quarry]]
| west=[[Waymoot]], '''[[Michel Delving]]'''. '''The [[Westmarch]]'''
| east=[[Frogmorton]], [[Whitfurrows]], [[Brandywine Bridge]]. '''The [[Eastfarthing]]''', '''[[Buckland]]'''
| south-west=[[Tookbank]], '''[[Tuckborough]]'''
| south=[[Pincup]], [[Green Hill Country]]. '''The [[Southfarthing]]'''
| south-east=[[Three-Farthing Stone]], [[Woody End]]
|}}
[[Category:Cities]]
[[Category:Shire]]
[[de:Wasserau]]
[[fi:Virranvarsi]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/comte/lezeau]]

Category talk:Cities

2010-03-20T19:57:15Z

Hildifons: New page: Why is every settlement cramped into this category? Tolkien consistently refers to villages, towns and cities. I would like to make those three separate categories as soon as i figure how....

Talk:Hobbiton

2010-03-20T19:51:55Z

Hildifons:

This is one of the most important places in LotR and there a stub of an artcles for it! Someone fix this article.--[[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]] 01:40, 19 September 2006 (EDT)

Much better, Hyarion. --[[User:Dwarf Lord|Dwarf Lord]] 15:12, 19 September 2006 (EDT)

== Town/Village ==

Please note that in the begining of the article Hobbiton is said to be a large town. However the rest of the article refers to Hobbiton as a village

Yes. That and "Type: City" feels very out of place. Hobbiton is a village. /Hildifons 20:50, 20/3-10

User talk:Hildifons

2010-03-20T19:42:32Z

Hildifons: Adding welcome message to new user's talk page