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The Hobbit (1985 television film)

2012-12-12T18:24:00Z

Marbpl:

{{stub}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit (1985 television film) - Title.png|250px]]
| name=Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита
| director=
| writer=
| narrator=
| starring=Zinovy Gerdt Mikhail Danilov Anatoly Ravikovich Igor Dmitriev Ivan Krasko 
| music=
| studio=
| released= 1985
| runtime=64 minutes
| country=Soviet Union
| language=Russian
}}
'''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита''' (English: The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) is an unlicensed television film of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' from the Soviet Union. The complete name of the film is ''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита, через дикий край, чёрный лес, за туманные горы. Туда и обратно. По сказочной повести Джона Толкина "Хоббит"''.

This children's film featured Zinovy Gerdt as "The Professor" (a narrator stand-in for Tolkien), Mikhail Danilov as Bilbo, Anatoly Ravikovich as Thorin, Ivan Krasko as Gandalf and Igor Dmitriev as Gollum. Smaug and the Spiders were portrayed by puppets. Missing in this version are the Trolls, Elrond, Beorn and the Wood-elves. The Goblins are human-like with little makeup and portrayed by dancers from the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (as were the inhabitants of Lake Town).

The film was shot in 1984 as a teleplay and produced in the framework of the children's TV series ''Tale after Tale'' (Russian: Сказка за сказкой) aired on the Leningrad TV Channel in the 1980s and the 1990s.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of The Hobbit (1985 television film)|Images of The Hobbit (1985 television film)]]

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 Film on Youtube]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1985_film) Wikipedia article]
*[http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner Russian Wikipedia article]
*[http://antagonie.blogspot.co.il/2012/12/tolkien-on-film-child-of-kindly-west.html Review of the film]

{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Unlicensed films]]

The Hobbit (1985 television film)

2012-12-03T21:45:28Z

Marbpl:

{{stub}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit (1985 television film) - Title.png|250px]]
| name=Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита
| director=
| writer=
| narrator=
| starring=Zinovy Gerdt Mikhail Danilov Anatoly Ravikovich Igor Dmitriev Ivan Krasko 
| music=
| studio=
| released= 1985
| runtime=64 minutes
| country=Soviet Union
| language=Russian
}}
'''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита''' (English: The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) is an unlicensed television film of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' from the Soviet Union. The complete name of the film is ''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита, через дикий край, чёрный лес, за туманные горы. Туда и обратно. По сказочной повести Джона Толкина "Хоббит"''.

This children's film featured Zinovy Gerdt as "The Professor" (a narrator stand-in for Tolkien), Mikhail Danilov as Bilbo, Anatoly Ravikovich as Thorin, Ivan Krasko as Gandalf and Igor Dmitriev as Gollum. Smaug and the Spiders were portrayed by puppets. Missing in this version are the Trolls, Elrond, Beorn and the Wood-elves. The Goblins are human-like with little makeup and portrayed by dancers from the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (as were the inhabitants of Lake Town).

The film was shot in 1984 as a teleplay and produced in the framework of the children's TV series ''Tale after Tale'' (Russian: Сказка за сказкой) aired on the Leningrad TV Channel in the 1980s and the 1990s.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of The Hobbit (1985 television film)|Images of The Hobbit (1985 television film)]]

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 Film on Youtube]
*[http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1985_film) Wikipedia article]
*[http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner Russian Wikipedia article]

{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Unlicensed films]]

The Hobbit (1985 television film)

2012-12-03T21:44:48Z

Marbpl:

{{stub}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit (1985 television film) - Title.png|250px]]
| name=Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита
| director=
| writer=
| narrator=
| starring=Zinovy Gerdt Mikhail Danilov Anatoly Ravikovich Igor Dmitriev Ivan Krasko 
| music=
| studio=
| released= 1985
| runtime=64 minutes
| country=Soviet Union
| language=Russian
}}
'''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита''' (English: The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) is an unlicensed television film of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' from the Soviet Union. The complete name of the film is ''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита, через дикий край, чёрный лес, за туманные горы. Туда и обратно. По сказочной повести Джона Толкина "Хоббит"''.

This children's film featured Zinovy Gerdt as "The Professor" (a narrator stand-in for Tolkien), Mikhail Danilov as Bilbo, Anatoly Ravikovich as Thorin, Ivan Krasko as Gandalf and Igor Dmitriev as Gollum. Smaug and the Spiders were portrayed by puppets. Missing in this version are the Trolls, Elrond, Beorn and the Wood-elves. The Goblins are human-like with little makeup and portrayed by dancers from the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (as were the inhabitants of Lake Town).

The film was shot in 1984 as a teleplay and produced in the framework of the children's TV series ''Tale after Tale'' (Russian: Сказка за сказкой) aired on the Leningrad TV Channel in the 1980s and the 1990s

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of The Hobbit (1985 television film)|Images of The Hobbit (1985 television film)]]

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 Film on Youtube]
*[http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1985_film) Wikipedia article]
*[http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner Russian Wikipedia article]

{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Unlicensed films]]

The Hobbit (1985 television film)

2012-12-03T21:42:28Z

Marbpl:

{{stub}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit (1985 television film) - Title.png|250px]]
| name=Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита
| director=
| writer=
| narrator=
| starring=Zinovy Gerdt Mikhail Danilov Anatoly Ravikovich Igor Dmitriev Ivan Krasko 
| music=
| studio=
| released= 1985
| runtime=64 minutes
| country=Soviet Union
| language=Russian
}}
'''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита''' (English: The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) is an unlicensed television film of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' from the Soviet Union. The complete name of the film is ''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита, через дикий край, чёрный лес, за туманные горы. Туда и обратно. По сказочной повести Джона Толкина "Хоббит"''.

This children's film featured Zinovy Gerdt as "The Professor" (a narrator stand-in for Tolkien), Mikhail Danilov as Bilbo, Anatoly Ravikovich as Thorin, Ivan Krasko as Gandalf and Igor Dmitriev as Gollum. Smaug and the Spiders were portrayed by puppets. Missing in this version are the Trolls, Elrond, Beorn and the Wood-elves. The Goblins are human-like with little makeup and portrayed by dancers from the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (as were the inhabitants of Lake Town).

The film was shot in 1984 as a teleplay and produced in the framework of the children's TV series ''Tale after Tale'' (Russian: Сказка за сказкой) aired on the Leningrad TV Channel in the 1980s and the 1990s

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of The Hobbit (1985 television film)|Images of The Hobbit (1985 television film)]]

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 Film on Youtube]
*[http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1985_film)Wikipedia article]
*[http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner Russian Wikipedia article]

{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Unlicensed films]]

Forums:Russian Hobbit dramatizations

2012-11-06T22:57:29Z

Marbpl:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Forums]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]



There should be articles on two Russian ''Hobbit''-based productions: the 1985 televsion play: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 and a 1991 short cartoon on the destruction of Dale: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hWwu17udnI&feature=related {{unsigned|Marbpl}}

:None of us here speaks Russian (well, that I know.) You could help us out here. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 21:53, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

::Oh wow, yes that would be fantastic. If you need help setting up the pages or whatever, please ask. But if you can provide any information on the productions that would be great!--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 22:04, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

There is a Russian Wikipedia page at http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner for the 1985 production. Information on the 1991 short is at http://www.animator.ru/db/?p=show_film&fid=5606
I don't read Russian but Google Translate might prove helpful.
{{unsigned|Marbpl}}

:What would we call them? "Hobbit (1985 television play)" and "Hobbit: Cokrobesha pod goroy"? Not sure on the latter. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 14:47, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

The actual name of the 1985 show is "Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Беггинса, Хоббита" --
''Skazochnoie Puteshestvie Mistera Bilbo Begginsa, Khobbita'' which I believe translates to "The Fairytale (or magical? enchanted?) Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, Hobbit".

The translation of the 1991 short is "The Treasure Under the Mountain".

Has anyone viewed the Youtube videos yet? I have, but not recently.{{unsigned|Marbpl}}

:But is the transliteration "Hobbit: Cokrobesha pod goroy" correct? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 17:17, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

::I have a Ukranian friend I could ask, if I remember.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 19:02, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

"'''Khobbit: Sokrovischa''' pod goroy" I think.
{{unsigned|Marbpl}}

:Yes, I can confirm (through my friend) that "'''Khobbit: Sokrovischa''' pod goroy" is correct.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 11:13, 26 September 2012 (UTC)

Could someone add the following images from the film to the respective entries (under 'portrayal in adaptations') of these characters:
Bilbo: http://img11.nnm.ru/e/4/0/2/a/63f4584ca9ae17e4ba88afed2c0_prev.jpg
Gandalf: http://img11.nnm.ru/1/4/0/3/e/dbb00e11f8817d2c0bb15ae9436_prev.jpg
Gollum: http://img11.nnm.ru/6/5/2/8/b/c905ef7405300ef7385f87f32fb_prev.jpg
Smaug: http://img11.nnm.ru/7/4/b/8/7/0bb30ed47d7f0384d7260d965f1_prev.jpg

I also notice that there are no images of Bilbo and Gollum from the 1978 ''LotR'' or 1980 ''Return of the King'' films under those character entries. {{unsigned|Marbpl}}

:I think you're able to upload images to TG now (if I remember correctly, there is a setting for new editors having to make 10 edits before they can upload images).--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 19:56, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

Could someone set up a page for the animated short Сокровища Под Горой{{unsigned|Marbpl}}

File:The Hobbit (1985 television film) - Gandalf.jpg

2012-09-28T13:33:33Z

Marbpl:

File:The Hobbit (1985 television film) - Gollum.jpg

2012-09-28T13:33:03Z

Marbpl:

File:The Hobbit (1985 television film) - Bilbo Baggins.jpg

2012-09-28T13:32:46Z

Marbpl:

File:The Hobbit (1985 television film) - Smaug.jpg

2012-09-28T13:32:15Z

Marbpl: uploaded a new version of "File:0bb30ed47d7f0384d7260d965f1 prev.jpg"

File:The Hobbit (1985 television film) - Smaug.jpg

2012-09-28T13:32:14Z

Marbpl:

Forums:Russian Hobbit dramatizations

2012-09-27T16:31:57Z

Marbpl:

Forums:Russian Hobbit dramatizations

2012-09-27T16:31:06Z

Marbpl:

<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''[[Main Page|Tolkien Gateway]] > [[Forum:Council|Forums]] > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> [[Category:Council]]



There should be articles on two Russian ''Hobbit''-based productions: the 1985 televsion play: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 and a 1991 short cartoon on the destruction of Dale: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hWwu17udnI&feature=related {{unsigned|Marbpl}}

:None of us here speaks Russian (well, that I know.) You could help us out here. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 21:53, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

::Oh wow, yes that would be fantastic. If you need help setting up the pages or whatever, please ask. But if you can provide any information on the productions that would be great!--{{User:KingAragorn/sig}} 22:04, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

There is a Russian Wikipedia page at http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner for the 1985 production. Information on the 1991 short is at http://www.animator.ru/db/?p=show_film&fid=5606
I don't read Russian but Google Translate might prove helpful.
{{unsigned|Marbpl}}

:What would we call them? "Hobbit (1985 television play)" and "Hobbit: Cokrobesha pod goroy"? Not sure on the latter. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 14:47, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

The actual name of the 1985 show is "Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Беггинса, Хоббита" --
''Skazochnoie Puteshestvie Mistera Bilbo Begginsa, Khobbita'' which I believe translates to "The Fairytale (or magical? enchanted?) Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, Hobbit".

The translation of the 1991 short is "The Treasure Under the Mountain".

Has anyone viewed the Youtube videos yet? I have, but not recently.{{unsigned|Marbpl}}

:But is the transliteration "Hobbit: Cokrobesha pod goroy" correct? --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 17:17, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

::I have a Ukranian friend I could ask, if I remember.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 19:02, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

"'''Khobbit: Sokrovischa''' pod goroy" I think.
{{unsigned|Marbpl}}

:Yes, I can confirm (through my friend) that "'''Khobbit: Sokrovischa''' pod goroy" is correct.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 11:13, 26 September 2012 (UTC)

Could someone add the following images from the film to the respective entries (under 'portrayal in adaptations') of these characters:
Bilbo: http://img11.nnm.ru/e/4/0/2/a/63f4584ca9ae17e4ba88afed2c0_prev.jpg
Gandalf: http://img11.nnm.ru/1/4/0/3/e/dbb00e11f8817d2c0bb15ae9436_prev.jpg
Gollum: http://img11.nnm.ru/6/5/2/8/b/c905ef7405300ef7385f87f32fb_prev.jpg
Smaug: http://img11.nnm.ru/7/4/b/8/7/0bb30ed47d7f0384d7260d965f1_prev.jpg

I also notice that there are no images of Bilbo and Gollum from the 1978 LotR or 1980 Return of the Kingfilms under those character entries. {{unsigned|Marbpl}}

The Hobbit (1985 television film)

2012-09-27T15:42:32Z

Marbpl:

{{stub}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit russian television film.png|250px]]
| name=Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита
| director=
| writer=
| narrator=
| starring=Zinovy Gerdt Mikhail Danilov Anatoly Ravikovich Igor Dmitriev Ivan Krasko 
| music=
| studio=
| released= 1985
| runtime=64 minutes
| country=Soviet Union
| language=Russian
}}
'''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита''' (English: The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) is an unlicensed television film of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' from the Soviet Union. The complete name of the film is ''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита, через дикий край, чёрный лес, за туманные горы. Туда и обратно. По сказочной повести Джона Толкина "Хоббит"''.

This children's film featured Zinovy Gerdt as "The Professor" (a narrator stand-in for Tolkien), Mikhail Danilov as Bilbo, Anatoly Ravikovich as Thorin, Ivan Krasko as Gandalf and Igor Dmitriev as Gollum. Smaug and the Spiders were portrayed by puppets. Missing in this version are the Trolls, Elrond, Beorn and the Wood-elves. The Goblins are human-like with little makeup and portrayed by dancers from the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (as were the inhabitants of Lake Town).

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 Film on Youtube]
*[http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner Russian Wikipedia article]

Gandalf

2012-09-24T21:45:15Z

Marbpl:

{{Countdown}}
{{disambig-more|Gandalf|[[Gandalf (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Maiar infobox
| image=[[File:Roger Thomasson - Gandalf.jpg|250px]]
| name=Gandalf
| othernames=The Grey, The White, [[Gandalf/Names#Olórin|Olórin]], [[Gandalf/Names#Mithrandir|Mithrandir]], [[Gandalf/Names#Incánus|Incánus]], [[Gandalf/Names#Tharkûn|Tharkûn]], [[Gandalf/Names#The White Rider|The White Rider]], [[Gandalf/Names#Greyhame|Gandalf Greyhame]], [[Gandalf/Names#Stormcrow|Stormcrow]], [[Gandalf#Etymology|Wand-elf]], [[Gandalf/Names#Láthspell|Láthspell]]
| coming=[[Third Age 1000|T.A. 1000]]<ref name="Istari">{{UT|Istari}}</ref>
| duty=[[Istari]]
| death=Died/Reborn [[Third Age 3019|T.A. 3019]], sailed back to [[Aman]] [[Third Age 3021|T.A. 3021]]
| gender=Male
| robes=Grey, later White
| hair=Grey
| appearance=Bent old man (approx 5'6")<ref name="MB">{{HM|MB}}, page 49</ref> with long beard and eyebrows<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>
}}{{Pronounce|Gandalf.mp3|Ardamir}}
{{Pronounce|Quenya - Olórin.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
{{Quote|Gandalf was shorter in stature than the [[Elrond|other]] [[Glorfindel|two]]; but his long white hair, his sweeping silver beard, and his broad shoulders, made him look like some wise king of ancient legend. In his aged face under great snowy brows his eyes were set like coals that could suddenly burst into fire.|"[[Many Meetings]]"<ref name="Meetings"/>}}

'''Gandalf''' was one of the five [[Istari]] sent to [[Middle-earth]] by the [[Valar]] in the [[Third Age]]. In [[Valinor]] he was known as Olórin. Gandalf was instrumental in bringing about the demise of [[Sauron]] in [[Third Age 3019|3019]], chiefly by encouraging others and dispensing his wisdom at pivotal times. Gandalf was originally robed in grey, and second to [[Saruman]] in the Order of [[wizards]]. After his fall in Moria, Gandalf returned to Middle-earth as head of the Order, robed in white. Gandalf was noteworthy for his keen interest in [[Hobbits]].

==History==
[[File:Tania Weil - Olorin The Maia.jpg|thumb|left|Tania Weil - Olorin The Maia]]
Olórin was a [[Maiar|Maia]] who dwelt in the [[Lórien in Valinor|gardens]] of [[Irmo]] in Valinor.<ref>{{S|Vala}}</ref> As a pupil of [[Nienna]], Olórin was said to be the wisest of the Maiar; he learned pity and patience from his teacher.

During the [[Third Age]], while [[Sauron]]'s 'dark spirit of malice' was increasing over [[Middle-earth]], the Valar chose [[Istari|five emissaries]] from among the Maiar to go and help the [[Portal:Characters|peoples]]. [[Manwë]] selected Olórin, who, at first, did not wish to go, as he feared Sauron. However, Manwë said that that was all the more reason why he should go.<ref name="Istari"/>. Furthermore, [[the One Ring]], the location of much of Sauron's power, presumably still existed somewhere in Middle-earth.

Olórin submitted to the will of Manwë, and departed Valinor to [[Mithlond]] in the year T.A. 1000.<ref name="Istari"/> He arrived after the others, [[Curumo]], [[Aiwendil]], [[Pallando]], and [[Alatar]], at about the same time the [[Necromancer]] appeared in [[Mirkwood]].
===Coming to Middle-earth===
At Mithlond he was welcomed by [[Glorfindel]], his friend from Valinor, sent earlier on a similar mission, and [[Círdan]] the shipwright, who possessed [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings|Three Elven Rings]] of power. Círdan divined in Olórin a sense of strength and power despite his appearance as a bent and aged old man. Círdan gave Narya to Olórin, with a prediction of his future struggles with evil, and a promise that it would support and aid him in his labors. Then Círdan said "''But as for me, my heart is with the [[Belegaer|Sea]], and I will dwell by the grey shores until the last ship sails. I will await you.''"<ref name="ThirdAge">{{App|B2}}</ref>

A legend says that Gandalf was given by [[Yavanna]] the [[Elfstone]] of [[Eärendil]], as a token that the Valar had not forsaken them. He gave it to [[Galadriel]], and remarked prophetically that she would only hold it for a little while, before she passed it to another, who will also be called [[Aragorn|Elessar]].<ref>{{UT|6}}</ref>

Olórin then began his sojourn in Middle-earth. He was known by many names during the long years he remained in Middle-earth: Elves named him ''[[Gandalf/Names#Mithrandir|Mithrandir]]'', the Grey Pilgrim, while the men of [[Arnor]] named him Gandalf, which became his most common name. He was also known as ''[[Gandalf/Names#Incánus|Incánus]]'' (in the south), and ''[[Gandalf/Names#Tharkûn|Tharkûn]]'' to the [[Dwarves]].<ref name="Istari"/>

[[File:John Howe - Gandalf the Grey.jpg|thumb|''Gandalf the Grey'' by [[John Howe]]]]Gandalf, like the other Wizards, took the shape of an old man. He was robed in gray and went about as a wanderer and counselor. Unlike Saruman, Gandalf did not go east<ref>"To the East I go not"</ref> and did not take up a single permanent residence. Gandalf apparently restricted his activities to the [[Westlands]] of Middle-earth, where the remnants of the [[Dúnedain]] and the [[Eldar]] remained to oppose Sauron.

===Early vigilance===
Around {{TA|1100}},<ref name="ThirdAge"/> the Istari and the Eldar discovered that some evil entity resided at [[Dol Guldur]] in Mirkwood. Dark shapes moved in the forest and evil began to multiply in the woods. Some thought a [[Nazgûl]] had returned to torment the world, or some new evil was arising. Gandalf was unsure, and feared that perhaps Sauron himself might have returned.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

Over the next two hundred years the evil continued to grow, as well as the source directing it. [[Orcs]] were multiplying in the [[Misty Mountains]] and elsewhere. The [[Witch-king]], the mightiest of the Nazgûl, had built a fortress in [[Angmar]] in the Northern wastelands and waged unending war against the Kingdom of Arnor. Meanwhile [[Moria]] and [[Minas Ithil]] fell under a shadow, while other wars, plagues, and catastrophes occurred across Middle-earth. Gandalf went to Dol Guldur in [[Third Age 2063|2063]] to discover its secret.<ref name="ThirdAge"/> An entity known only as the '[[Necromancer]]' fled before him and Gandalf could not discover his identity.<ref name="Rings"/> Afterwards, the evil there seemed to desist, and the era of the [[Watchful Peace]] began.

This peace lasted for almost four hundred years, but the Necromancer again returned to Dol Guldur in [[Third Age 2460|2460]].<ref name="ThirdAge"/> In response, the Wise formed the [[White Council]] three years later. Though [[Galadriel]], bearer of one of the Three Elven Rings and mighty among the Eldar, wished Gandalf to be the chief of the Council, it was in the end Saruman who took this place-- because of his vast knowledge, but also because Gandalf refused this position, wishing to set down no roots and to maintain his independence.<ref name="Rings"/>

[[File:John Howe - Pass the Doors of Dol Guldur.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Pass the Doors of Dol Guldur'' by [[John Howe]]]]In [[Third Age 2850|2850]], Gandalf again entered Dol Guldur, this time in secrecy.<ref name="ThirdAge"/> There he found out many things. First and foremost, the Necromancer was no Nazgûl – it was Sauron himself. Also, Gandalf found [[Thráin II|Thráin]], a dwarf of the royal line of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], in the dungeons. The last of the [[Seven Rings]] of the Dwarves had been taken from him; Sauron was gathering the remaining [[Rings of Power]] and possibly searching for his lost One Ring.

Gandalf escaped Dol Guldur and returned to the White Council.<ref name="Rings"/> After relating his discoveries, he urged the council to attack Sauron while the One Ring was still lost and Sauron's power immature. But Saruman said that it was better to watch and wait; that the One Ring had long ago rolled from [[Anduin]] to the Sea. The majority of the council agreed with Saruman. [[Elrond]] Half-elven, a powerful member of the council, later privately told Gandalf he had a foreboding that the Ring would be found, and that the war to end the age was coming. Indeed, he added, he feared that it would end in darkness and despair. Gandalf encouraged him, saying there were many "strange chances," and that, "''help oft shall come from the hands of the weak''". Gandalf did not yet realize that Saruman now wanted the ring for himself and was secretly searching for it along the banks of river Anduin.

===The Quest for Erebor===
In [[Third Age 2941|2941]],<ref name="ThirdAge"/> Gandalf happened across the dwarf lord [[Thorin]] while staying the night in [[Bree]].<ref name="Erebor">{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> Thorin initiated conversation; he had been having a strange feeling urging him to seek Gandalf. Gandalf was intrigued, for he had thought to seek Thorin as well. They found they were taking the same road for a while (Thorin passing through the Shire on his way to the [[Ered Luin]]), and they agreed to travel together. Thorin wanted advice, and Gandalf wanted to discuss the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]] with Thorin.
[[File:David T. Wenzel - Good Morning Mr. Baggins.jpg|thumb|[[David T. Wenzel]] - Good Morning Mr. Baggins]]
Ultimately, Gandalf concocted a plan wherein Thorin could destroy Smaug and recover his family fortune, albeit with a "burglar" of Gandalf's own choosing. Gandalf had a feeling that a Hobbit should be involved, and he remembered an adventuresome Hobbit named [[Bilbo Baggins]] he had met some years before. By this time, however, Bilbo was far from "adventuresome".<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> In the end Gandalf convinced the reluctant Baggins to become a burglar for Thorin. Gandalf then accompanied [[Thorin and Company]] to [[Rivendell]]. During the journey Gandalf obtained a sword known as [[Glamdring]] from a [[troll]]-hoard; Gandalf bore it for the rest of his life.<ref name="Mutton">{{H|Mutton}}</ref>

Gandalf helped Thorin and Company through the [[Misty Mountains]], saving them several times from orcs and other calamities. It was during this time that Bilbo obtained a "magic ring".<ref name="Riddles">{{H|Riddles}}</ref> Bilbo initially claimed he "won" it from the creature "[[Gollum]]" while the company was under the Misty Mountains.<ref name="Pan">{{H|Pan}}</ref> The ring conferred invisibility on Bilbo when he wore it, and he kept it secret from Gandalf for some time. Gandalf, for his part, found himself amazed by the hobbit; until then the wise had paid no attention to hobbits and knew little of them. For the rest of his sojourn in Middle-earth, Gandalf took a special interest in hobbits, and particularly in the Baggins family.

Gandalf left the quest prior to its completion, yet the quest was successful: Smaug was killed,<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref> and the Orcs and [[Wargs]] of the [[Misty Mountains]] were defeated by an alliance of the [[Dwarves of Erebor]], the [[men of Dale]], and the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] in the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref> Gandalf had accomplished his immediate goal, which was to destroy Smaug, who could have been used to disastrous effect by Sauron. A large number of Orcs and Wargs also were killed in the North, removing threats to Rivendell and Lothlórien.<ref name="Erebor"/>
[[File:Angus McBride - Dol Guldur.jpg|thumb|left|The White Council attacks Dol Guldur]]
During that same year, Saruman finally agreed to an attack and the [[White Council]] assailed [[Dol Guldur]] and rid [[Mirkwood]] of the Necromancer's presence.<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> This was carefully planned by Gandalf, so that Sauron and Smaug could not assist each other, as otherwise they could easily have done. Upon Bilbo and Gandalf's return to Rivendell, Elrond and the grey wizard discussed this and the events of the Lonely Mountain. They both agreed that it would be better if the Necromancer were banished from the world altogether.<ref name="H19">{{H|19}}</ref>

===The War of the Ring===
====The Return of the Shadow====
Gandalf had left Thorin and Company before reaching the edge of [[Mirkwood]] to attend a White Council meeting in the South. The Council was meeting under the gravest of circumstances: Sauron's vast power was returning, even without his ring. Gandalf at last convinced the Council to attack Dol Guldur. Even Saruman was willing by this time, for now he feared Sauron as a rival, and wished to delay Sauron's search for the Ring. The Council put forth its strength and drove Sauron from Mirkwood.

Despite the Council's hopes, Sauron was not weakened by this attack. He had foreseen the move that drove him from Mirkwood, and his retreat was but a feint. Ten years after he was driven out of Mirkwood, Sauron declared himself openly in Mordor in 2951 and rebuilt the [[Barad-dûr]]. Sauron then began reassembling his forces for the final blow against the hated remnants of Númenor and the Eldar still in Middle-earth. Sauron ordered armies of [[Easterlings]] from Khand and beyond the [[Sea of Rhûn]] to reinforce his stronghold in [[Mordor]]; they were further reinforced by armies of men from South Harad. Orcs, trolls, and other foul beasts were multiplying in Mordor; Sauron's minions also were searching the Anduin for any sign of his precious One Ring. Despite the terror they induced, in 3018 Sauron sent the Nazgûl north to search for his ring as well.

[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Arrival of Gandalf.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''The Arrival of Gandalf'' by [[Darrell Sweet]]]]

During this period Gandalf visited the Shire frequently, especially his friend Bilbo Baggins, and Baggins's nephew, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. He noted Bilbo's unusual youthfulness, despite his advancing age; the suspicious "[[One Ring|magic ring]]" that Bilbo had acquired during his adventure began to weigh on his mind. Gandalf recalled the deceit Bilbo used in originally claiming it for his own-- Bilbo had later admitted to stealing it from [[Gollum]]. Gandalf could see that Bilbo was now very preoccupied with the ring. Such un-hobbitlike behaviour aroused his suspicions; he convinced Bilbo to pass the ring on to Frodo. He then emphatically warned Frodo not to use it; Gandalf had begun to suspect that the "magic ring" was indeed a ring of power.

Gandalf met [[Aragorn]], the hidden heir of Arnor, in [[Third Age 2956|2956]], and soon became friends with him. From that point on Aragorn and Gandalf often worked together towards a common end - the defeat of Sauron.
Keen now to find out more about Gollum, he went to Aragorn, and with his help captured Gollum. With Gollum's tale, and the records in [[Minas Tirith]], he pieced together the missing history of the One Ring in [[Third Age 3017|3017]]. A great fear came over him when he learned that Gollum had been to the Barad-dûr. Sauron had tortured Gollum and learned not only of the "magic ring", but also the names "Shire" and "Baggins". Gandalf now returned in haste to the Shire, certain that Frodo's ring was not simply a ring of power: it was the One Ruling Ring of Sauron.

====The Treachery of Saruman====
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Gandalf Escapes Upon Gwaihir.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Gandalf escapes upon Gwaihir'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]After Gandalf’s fears were confirmed, he returned to the Shire and advised Frodo to leave as soon as possible, promising to return before a farewell party for Bilbo in autumn of that year ([[Third Age 3018|3018]]), and to escort him to Rivendell. Gandalf also told Frodo about the creature Gollum, to which Frodo exclaimed that he should have been killed. Gandalf speculated that perhaps Gollum would have a part to play before the end, and in any case, it was not for them to decide who should live and who should die. He then set out to seek the advice of Saruman, supposedly still the head of the order.

Hearing disturbing news from [[Radagast]], he gave [[Barliman Butterbur]] a letter for Frodo (which was never delivered) urging him to act without hesitation. Soon thereafter he arrived at Isengard. At their meeting, Saruman at last revealed his desire for the One Ring. He offered to his "''old friend and helper''" that they take the Ring for themselves and seize power from Sauron. Gandalf rejected this with horror, and was imprisoned by Saruman on the pinnacle of [[Orthanc]]. [[Gwaihir]], chief of the Eagles, soon arrived and helped Gandalf escape. Gandalf knew he must return quickly to the Shire, as Frodo (and the ring) were in grave danger from both Sauron's Nazgûl and now Saruman's treacherous desire for the ring.

Gandalf hurriedly went to [[Rohan]], desiring to find a strong steed; there he obtained [[Shadowfax]] from King [[Théoden]], who later resented the gift. This lord of horses and Gandalf forged a special bond, and Gandalf made quick use of Shadowfax's incredible strength and endurance.

Gandalf sped to the Shire. Fortunately, Frodo had already left the Shire without waiting for Gandalf, and was seeking the refuge of [[Rivendell]]. Upon arrival Gandalf learned that the Nazgûl, arrayed as [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]], had been searching the area. Dismayed, he set out for Bree, but fortunately found there that Frodo had recently left the town with "Strider", the local name for Aragorn: a hope which far exceeded his expectations. Gandalf then made for [[Weathertop]], a high point in the region, to observe the surrounding area. There he was assaulted at night by the Nazgûl, but drove them off after a great battle of light and flame. He then went directly to Rivendell, where he welcomed Glorfindel, Aragorn and the hobbits upon their arrival several days later, Frodo being sorely wounded but still in possession of the ring.

====The Fellowship of the Ring====
Elrond called a [[Council of Elrond|council]] after Frodo was healed to consider the momentous decision regarding the ring. By chance, representatives of most of the free peoples happened to be in Rivendell already for various reasons. Elrond and Gandalf advised that the Ring should be destroyed in the fires of [[Orodruin]], where it was made. Others dissented or objected, but eventually submitted to Gandalf's plan. Ultimately, Elrond appointed the Fellowship of the Ring as nine walkers, numerically set against Sauron's nine Nazgûl. The relatively small number reflected the realization by Elrond and the other council members that the quest of Mount Doom would not rely upon strength of arms, but on stealth and good fortune. Gandalf was chosen to lead the company, which included [[Aragorn]], [[Boromir]], [[Legolas]] the Elf, [[Gimli]] the Dwarf, and the hobbits Frodo Baggins, [[Samwise Gamgee]], [[Peregrin Took]], and [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]].

Several obstacles stood in the company's way. The vast [[Misty Mountains]] had to be crossed, for Gandalf was determined not to lead the company near [[Isengard]]. Gandalf decided to take a southern route to the [[Redhorn Pass]] and there to cross the [[Misty Mountains]] near [[Caradhras]], thereby traversing the mountain range and avoiding Isengard. When this attempt failed due to a terrible storm he then decided to take the Fellowship through the ruins of Moria, where the remains of the great Dwarf city of [[Khazad-dûm]] was now a labyrinth of tunnels under the mountains. Others in the company were loathe enter the maze, as it was now the lair of orcs and something known only as "Durin's Bane".

[[File:Ted Nasmith - At the Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''At the Bridge'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]At the [[Doors of Durin]] on the west side of the mountains, Gandalf, after some delay, spoke the password and led the company into the dark. Having been in Moria on an earlier perilous errand, he was somewhat familiar with the underground passages. Eventually the party came to the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]], where Gandalf read the [[Book of Mazarbul|Book of Records]], which revealed the fate of [[Balin]], the leader of an ill-fated attempt to re-colonize Moria. Soon after, the party was attacked by orcs, and forced to flee the chamber. By then Gandalf was well aware of their location, and he led the party quickly towards the eastern exit.

Unfortunately [[Durin's Bane]] caught up to the group at the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]. Gandalf and Legolas immediately realized what it was: a [[Balrogs|Balrog]] of [[Morgoth]], a servant of the first dark lord. In a spectacular display of bravery Gandalf faced the demon and broke the bridge both stood upon, leaving the beast to fall into a seemingly bottomless chasm. But the Balrog's whip lashed out and grasped Gandalf by the knees, pulling him down. Clinging to the edge of the passageway, Gandalf shouted "Fly, you fools" and vanished into the abyss.<ref name=bridge>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

[[File:John Howe - Zirak-zigil.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Zirak-zigil'' by [[John Howe]]]]Yet Gandalf did not die; he and the Balrog fought long in the bowels and deep places of Arda. Gandalf finally pursued the beast up the [[Endless Stair]] to the peak of [[Celebdil]], where he [[Battle of the Peak|fought the demon]] for two days and nights. The Balrog had burst into flame anew when it exited the stairs; ice, wind, and smoke swirled about them as they dueled. Gandalf used his last measure of strength to slay the Balrog, throwing him down the mountainside in ruin. Gandalf's spirit then left his body, having sacrificed himself to save the Fellowship.

====Gandalf the White====
But Gandalf's spirit did not depart Middle-earth forever at this time. As the only one of the five Istari to stay true to his errand, Olórin/Gandalf was sent back to mortal lands by [[Ilúvatar|Eru]], and he became Gandalf once again. Yet, as he was now the sole emissary of the Valar to Middle-earth, he was granted the power to "reveal" more of his inner [[Maiar]] strength. This naked power that lay within him was seldom used during the remainder of his time in Middle-earth, as his mission was essentially the same: to support and succor those who opposed Sauron. Nevertheless, when Gandalf's wrath was kindled his "unveiled" strength was such that few of Sauron's servants could withstand him.
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Gandalf Returns.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - Gandalf Returns]]
As he lay naked on the mountaintop, the great eagle [[Gwaihir]] came up and bore him to [[Lothlórien]], where he was clothed and replenished, and given a new staff by [[Galadriel]]. Gandalf soon learned that Frodo and Sam had left the Fellowship and were attempting the quest of Mount Doom alone. As Frodo was beyond his assistance now, Gandalf promptly went south to [[Fangorn Forest]], where he met the [[Three Hunters]]: [[Aragorn]], [[Legolas]], and [[Gimli]], and gave them messages from Galadriel. Then he called forth [[Shadowfax]], and rode with them to [[Edoras]]. There he found that Saruman's spy [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] had deceived King [[Théoden]] into hopeless impotence. Gandalf quickly deposed Wormtongue and encouraged Théoden to ride west to war against [[Saruman]]. Gandalf by now was keenly aware that the great war to end the age was beginning; if Saruman conquered Rohan then Gondor would be alone with enemies on all sides.

At Gandalf's encouragement King Théoden went west to Helm's Deep where he was quickly besieged; Gandalf then searched for [[Erkenbrand]] and the forces of the [[Westfold]], which he later found and led to the Deep, thus breaking the siege. Meanwhile, the [[Ents]] (along with the hobbits Merry and Pippin) moved against Saruman and sent [[Huorns]] against the orcs, resulting in the utter ruin of the outer walls of [[Isengard]] and the complete annihilation of Saruman's orcs. After the battle, Gandalf went to [[Orthanc]] with Théoden, Aragorn, and a small group. There Saruman rejected Gandalf's offer of forgiveness with contempt. Gandalf then broke Saruman's staff and cast him from the Order and the Council. Gandalf imposed a strict watch on Isengard by the Ents and then advised King Théoden to ride to Gondor's defense as soon as possible. The wizard's mind had already turned to Gondor and the coming climactic battle in the east.

====The Siege of Minas Tirith====
[[File:Donato Giancola - The White Rider.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|''The White Rider'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]] As a 'reward' for Pippin, who had foolishly gazed into a [[palantír]], Gandalf took the hobbit with him to [[Minas Tirith]], the last bastion of the west. Soon after arriving, Gandalf confronted [[Denethor|Denethor II]], the [[Ruling Steward]], and learned that he was near despair over the death of his eldest son, [[Boromir]]. Ostensibly they were allies, but the Steward treated him with disrespect and suspicion. When [[Faramir]], the Steward's younger son, returned from [[Osgiliath]] and was attacked by Nazgûl, Gandalf upon Shadowfax drove them away by revealing the power within him; later Faramir told him that Frodo and Sam were still alive and headed towards Mordor.

The city was soon besieged by a vast force from Mordor, led by the [[Witch-king]]. An ill-advised counter attack resulted in Faramir receiving a wound from a poisoned dart; he lay near death inside the Tower. Still, Gandalf encouraged the men of Minas Tirith to have hope, and dispelled the fear of the Ringwraiths by his very presence. But Sauron's catapults hurled flaming bolts upon the city; soon the first circle of the city burned unchecked. Denethor now lost all heart as the city burned and his only remaining son hovered near death; he abandoned his leadership of the city. Gandalf then took it upon himself to direct the defense of the city. When the gigantic ram [[Grond (battering ram)|Grond]] destroyed the ancient entrance to the city, Gandalf placed himself alone at the ruined gateway. The Witch-king then appeared in the midst of the blasted gate upon a black horse and threatened Gandalf with death; but Gandalf did not move — seated upon Shadowfax he defied the mightiest of Sauron's minions. However, the stand-off ended inconclusively, as the morning arrived along with the host of the Rohirrim. Hearing the horns of the Riders of Rohan, the Witch-king departed.

But Gandalf did not pursue his foe, for Pippin brought him news that Denethor was about to commit suicide in the high tower, burning himself and his son Faramir on a pyre like the heathen Kings of old. Gandalf rushed to stop this madness and was able to save Faramir, but not Denethor, whose despair and grief had overcome his mind. Gandalf also learned how it was that Denethor's will had been broken: Denethor clutched a palantír in his hands as he burned. Clearly Denethor had been using the stone's special properties for some time — extending his vision far beyond those of mannish eyes, but also wrestling in thought with Sauron. And even though Sauron could not completely overwhelm Denethor's mind, his courage was daunted by knowledge of the vast might of Mordor. Thus the shadow entered into the capital of Gondor.

Nevertheless, and against all hope, the siege was broken. [[Éowyn]] of Rohan and the hobbit Merry defeated the Witch-king, whose last wail was heard by many as he was reduced to impotence. Soon after, Lord Aragorn arrived with a large valour of men from the southern fiefs upon a captured pirate fleet from Umbar. The forces of the men of the west then utterly defeated Sauron's attack against Minas Tirith, relieving the city and killing virtually all of the invaders. Gandalf's carefully laid plans and words of wisdom, along with acts of heroism not seen since the elder days, had defeated Sauron's first move.

====The Last Battle====
But the attack against Minas Tirith was only a part of Sauron's plan to devastate the west and make himself the ruler of Middle-earth. Other armies moved in the north against [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and the Kingdom of Thranduil, as well as against Lothlórien and other points along the [[Anduin]]. Still commanding vast armies of orcs and men, the Dark Lord soon would move against Gondor again; the remnants of the Edain and their allies had little hope against his almost limitless resources.

In Minas Tirith, Gandalf was selected by Aragorn, Imrahil, and Éomer (the remaining lords of the west) to be their leader in the coming final battles. This would be the culmination of Gandalf's efforts in Middle-earth. Fully aware that the west would stand or fall on the outcome of Frodo's mission, he advised the lords to drive north to the Morannon, thereby drawing Sauron's eye away from Frodo's likely location. This plan surely would result in a catastrophic loss for the outnumbered army, but it gave Frodo a chance to achieve the quest of Mount Doom.

Led by Gandalf and Aragorn, the army of the West crossed the Anduin and marched north, pausing occasionally to announce their coming and to dispatch small numbers of men to lesser tasks. Upon arriving at the Black Gate, the forces halted and prepared for battle. As they ordered their companies, the foul [[Mouth of Sauron]] rode forth to parley with them; he revealed Frodo's [[Mithril]]-coat and Arnor-blade "Sting" and implied that their owner was captured and tortured. The emissary of Sauron then proposed that the forces of the west surrender; Gandalf however was undaunted, and, seizing his friend's belongings, rejected Sauron's offer. In shock, the Mouth of Sauron turned back towards the Black Gate, which slowly opened to reveal a vast army of orcs and trolls advancing on the lords of the west. Sauron's trap was sprung.

Yet Sauron himself became the victim of Gandalf's trap. Unbeknownst to all, Frodo and Sam had succeeded in scaling Mount Doom and even as the Battle of Morannon began Frodo stood at the Crack of Doom. But the power and lure of the ring finally overcame his will and he placed the ring upon his finger, claiming it as his own. Immediately the Nazgûl were summoned by their lord, as he in terror realized his blunder: his enemies intended to destroy his ring.

[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Shadow of Sauron.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''The Shadow of Sauron'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]But Gandalf's foresight proved accurate again as the creature Gollum, who had been doggedly following the Ring-bearer, seized the ring from Frodo, and, while celebrating his reunion with "his precious," unwittingly fell into the fires of Orodruin. The ring was unmade as the fiery mountian erupted. The tower of [[Barad-dûr]] and the [[Towers of the Teeth]] began to collapse, their foundations crumbling, the Ring-wraiths burned out like shooting stars, and Sauron was reduced to a mere shadow of malice, never to torment the world again.

With Sauron gone, his forces scattered like frightened insects; the Men of the West now set upon them with fury. Gandalf announced the success of the [[Ring-bearer]] and the end of Sauron; the quest had been fulfilled. Seeing that victory was achieved, Gandalf then mounted on [[Gwaihir]] the Eagle for a third time, and set out to see if Frodo and Samwise had survived the tumults of [[Mount Doom]]. To his great relief, the two were found on the slopes of Orodruin, clinging to life amid the volcanic eruptions. The great quest was over.

===End of the Order===
In Minas Tirith, Gandalf and the remaining members of the Fellowship reunited. At the coronation of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]], Gandalf (at Aragorn’s request) set the crown upon the King’s head, and declared "''Now come the days of the King, and may they be blessed while the thrones of the [[Valar]] endure!''". Thus Gandalf ushered in the new age of men.

After the coronation and wedding of Aragorn to [[Arwen]], Gandalf left with the rest of the remaining Fellowship on the journey home. For Gandalf, it was his last long journey in Middle-earth. His errand to Arda had been fulfilled; Sauron had been defeated. He said farewell to his friends one by one until at last only the four Hobbits remained at his side. At the borders of the Shire he, too, turned away. He left the Hobbits to settle with the Shire, for the shattered pieces of evil still remaining in the world were no longer his concern, and went to talk to [[Tom Bombadil]].

[[File:Danny Staten - Grey Havens.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Grey Havens'' by [[Danny Staten]]]]What Gandalf did during the next two years is unknown; it is possible that his "''long talk''" with Bombadil was just that. At any rate, on [[29 September|September 29]], [[Third Age 3021|3021]], he met [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] at [[Mithlond]], ready to take the [[White Ship]] over the [[Belegaer|sea]] to [[Aman]]. He wore [[Narya]] openly on his finger, and Shadowfax was beside him (perhaps even to take ship with him). His mission was over, and his homecoming after more than 2000 years was nigh. He bade farewell to [[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]], and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] (the latter two of which he had forewarned of the passage), then mounted the Grey Ship beside Frodo, Elrond, and Galadriel. The ship passed west upon the sea, and then took the hidden straight path to [[Valinor]]: Gandalf became Olórin once more. There, presumably, he dwells still in the gardens of [[Irmo]]. Olórin, the wisest of the Maiar and the sole Istar to remain true to his mission, had successfully kindled the hearts of the free people in Middle-earth to overcome the evil of their time. In a large way, it was his victory.

==Personality==
[[File:Roger Garland - Gandalf.jpg|left|thumb|The Grey Pilgrim relaxing]]
Gandalf is often described in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' as quick to anger, and equally quick to laugh.<ref name="Lorien">{{FR|Lorien}}</ref>
His deep wisdom clearly derived from the patience he learned in Valinor, just as his care for all creatures of good will must have come from his strong sense of pity for the weak. Both his patience and sense of pity were revealed again and again, extending even to the servants of his enemies.

Keen observers of Gandalf often detected a veiled power, usually revealed in his eyes, which appeared deep and wise. He was alternately affectionate and brusque; he often surprised others with his bluntness when time was of the essence. Gandalf consistently upbraided foolish behavior, but also richly rewarded those who acted with good intentions.

Hobbits appealed to him more than to the other Wizards, and he went often to the Shire for respites from his errands. It may be that he was amused by their nature, as often described in ''[[The Hobbit]]''. It may also be because they were untouched by the great evils of the world, and were more in touch with nature than Men; perhaps their agrarian lifestyle appealed to Gandalf's innate spirit and reminded him of the gardens of Valinor.

==Appearance==
[[File:John Howe - Gandalf the Grey 02.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Gandalf the Grey'' by [[John Howe]]]]

The first description of Gandalf is preserved in the initial pages of ''The Hobbit'', written in the early 1930s. Gandalf's fame is alluded to even before his physical description ("Tales and adventures sprouted up all over the place wherever he went, in the most extraordinary fashion"), while the protagonist's ("unsuspecting Bilbo") impression is that of:
{{Blockquote|...an old man with a staff. He had a tall pointed blue hat, a long grey cloak, a silver scarf over which a white beard hung down below his waist, and immense black boots.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="Party"/>}}

Later, [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] wrote:
{{Blockquote|...a figure strongly built and with broad shoulder, though shorter than the average of men and now stooped with age, leaning on a thick rough-cut staff as he trudged along... Gandalf's hat was wide-brimmed [...] with a pointed conical crown, and it was ''blue''; he wore a long ''grey'' cloak, but this would not reach much below his knees. It was of an elven silver-grey hue, though tarnished by wear - as is evident from the general use of grey in [[The Lord of the Rings|the book]]... But his colours were always white, silver-grey, and blue - except for the boots he wore when walking in the wild...Gandalf even bent must have been at least 5 ft. 6... Which would make him a short man even in modern England, especially with the reduction of a bent back.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="MB"/>}}

Although some of the Wise know his true nature, his "wizard-like" appearance causes many to mistake him for a simple conjurer. After his return his "signature colour" changes from grey to white, for he has been sent back to replace the corrupt Saruman as the chief of the Wizards. In the book he claims that in some ways he now "was Saruman", or rather Saruman as he should have been.

[[Círdan]] the Shipwright seemed to have foreseen this, for he entrusted the care of [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings]] of the Elves to Gandalf rather than Saruman.

==Powers and abilities==
[[File:Roger Thomasson - Gandalf the Grey.jpg|''Gandalf the Grey'' by Roger Thomasson|thumb]]
Gandalf was servant of the [[Secret Fire]], wielder of the [[flame of Anor]]<ref name=bridge/> and bearer of [[Narya]].

demonstrated extensive knowledge of the land and an assortment of magical abilities from trivial to essential. For example he would use his powers for entertainment, by blowing glowing smoke rings that moved around a room at his direction, and [[Bilbo Baggins]] remembered him for his fantastic fireworks displays. More usefully, he created blinding flashes and other pyrotechnics to distract the [[Orcs|goblins]] of the [[Misty Mountains]], aiding the dwarves in their escape from [[Goblin-town]]. On the eastern slopes, he turned pine cones into flaming projectiles that threw hot sparks and started fires that would not easily go out. He was also able to come and go from the presence of [[Thorin and Company]] without anyone noticing.

He again displayed his proficiency with pyrotechnics at [[Bilbo's Farewell Party]]. More of his power is shown, when the Fellowship is attacked by [[Warg]]s in [[Hollin]]: Gandalf used words of power and the trees that were growing on the hillock where the company had camped burst into fire. He was also able to start fires under blizzard conditions, create light of varying intensity for the journey through [[Moria]], magically secure doors, and break the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]]. When angered or aroused for battle, he seemed to grow in height and assume a terrifying aspect. He also fought the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog of Moria]] and killed his opponent, although he did not survive the battle himself.

Sent back to [[Middle-earth]] as Gandalf the White, he possessed greater charisma and a limited degree of clairvoyance, although he was unable to peer into the land of [[Mordor]] to see the progress of Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]]. His power and authority had increased so that he could break [[Saruman]]'s staff with a spoken command, showing his authority to throw the treacherous wizard out of the order.

Most times Gandalf displayed his power, this had to do with fire. It is not known whether his possession of Narya, the Ring of Fire, had any merit to his abilities.<ref>FAQ of the Rings: [http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q3-Fireworks D6. ''Gandalf bore the Ring of Fire. Is that how he made his fireworks?'']</ref>

===Special equipment===
It is unknown whether Gandalf required his staff to exercise certain powers. At times it appeared to focus or extend his powers, such as when it emanated light. Exactly how much it aided him in the use of magic is unknown, but [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]] tried to forbid Gandalf from bringing it into [[Edoras]], clearly under the impression that without it Gandalf's power would be limited.

When he arrived in Middle-earth, Gandalf received the Elven ring [[Narya]] from [[Círdan]]. It is clear that Gandalf wore this ring from that time to the end of the Third Age but how he used its powers is not known.

In {{TA|2941}}, Gandalf acquired the Elven sword [[Glamdring]] from the treasure hoard of a band of trolls.<ref name="Mutton"/> He continued to wield this weapon throughout ''The Lord of the Rings'', in particular during his fight with the [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]] in Moria.

Throughout his time in Middle-earth Gandalf often was seen with a pipe, the use of which clearly brought him immense enjoyment.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In early manuscripts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', the name ''[[Bladorthin]]'' was used by Tolkien for the character who later would be named ''Gandalf''. The name ''Gandalf'' was instead used for the character known as [[Thorin]] in the published works.<ref>{{HH|Intro}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[File:Georg von Rosen - Oden som vandringsman, 1886 (Odin, the Wanderer).jpg|thumb|''Oden som vandringsman'' (''Odin the Wanderer'') by Georg von Rosen]]
[[File:Der_Berggeist_(Origin_of_Gandalf)_by_J._Madelener.gif|left|thumb|''[[Der Berggeist]]'' by [[Josef Madlener]].]]

''Gandalfr''
appears in the list of dwarves in the ''[[Völuspá]]'' of the Elder Edda, the name means "Cane-elf". Tolkien took the name along with the other dwarves' names when he wrote ''The Hobbit'' in the 1930s. He came to regret the creation of this "rabble of eddaic-named dwarves [...] invented in an idle hour",<ref>{{TI|Runes}}, p. 452</ref> since it forced him to come up with an explanation of why Old Norse names should be used in [[Third Age]] Middle-earth. He solved the dilemma in 1942 by the explanation that [[Old Norse]] was a ''translation'' of the [[language of Dale]]. The figure of Gandalf has other influences from Germanic mythology, particularly Odin in his incarnation as "the Wanderer", an old man with one eye, a long white beard, a wide brimmed hat, and a staff: Tolkien states that he thinks of Gandalf as an ''"Odinic wanderer"'' in a letter of 1946.<ref>{{L|107}}</ref>

Tolkien had a postcard labeled ''[[Der Berggeist]]'' ("the mountain spirit"), and on the paper cover in which he kept it, he wrote "the origin of Gandalf" at some point. The postcard reproduces a painting of a bearded figure, sitting on a rock under a pine tree in a mountainous setting. He wears a wide-brimmed round hat and a long cloak and white fawn is nuzzling his upturned hands.
[[Humphrey Carpenter]] in his 1977 biography said that Tolkien had bought the postcard during his 1911 holiday in Switzerland. However, Manfred Zimmerman discovered that the painting was by German artist Josef Madlener and dates to the late 1920s.<ref>[[Manfred Zimmerman]], "The Origin of Gandalf and Josef Madlener", in [[Mythlore|''Mythlore'']] [[Mythlore 34|34]] (Winter [[1983]])</ref> Carpenter concluded that Tolkien was probably mistaken about the origin of the postcard himself. Tolkien must have acquired the card at some time in the early 1930s, at a time when ''The Hobbit'' had already begun to take shape.

==Names==
{{Main|Gandalf/Names}}

==Etymology==
Within the legendarium, ''Gandalf'' translates an unknown name of the meaning "Elf-of-the-wand (or cane/staff)", or more literary "Wand-elf", in old northern Mannish. Most denizens of Middle-earth incorrectly assumed Gandalf was a [[Men|Man]], although he was really a Maia spirit (approximately equivalent to an angel). However, a less common misconception that occurred during the beginning of his career in Middle-earth was that for someone to be [[immortal]] and use as much magic as he did, he must have been an Elf. Although it soon became apparent to all that he could not be an Elf, as he was old and Elves do not generally age, the nickname stuck with him. He later gave it as his name to others he met who did not know its original meaning.

==Portrayals in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Gandalf in adaptations
|height=150
|width=200
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbit (1966 film) - Gandalf.png|Gandalf in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:Gandalf from Rankin-Bass' The Hobbit.jpg|Gandalf in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:Gandalf from Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings.jpg|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]
|File:WiME-gandalf+3-hobbits.png|Gandalf in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth]]''
|File:LOTR-Gandalf 1990-1--1-.png|Gandalf in [[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I'' (1990 video game)]]
|File:LOTR vol. 1 SNES Gandalf in the Shire.png|Gandalf in [[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES)|''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I'' (SNES)]]
|File:1121208-ror 010-1-.png|Gandalf in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan]]''
|File:Fotr1085.jpg|Gandalf the Grey in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:Peter Jackson's Gandalf.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
|File:Gandalf viv lotr.JPG|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
|File:Gandalf 2Towers.png|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Two Towers GBA - Gandalf, Frodo and Legolas.png|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)#Game Boy Advance version|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (Game Boy Advance)]]
|File:The Hobbit (2003) Gandalf.JPG|Gandalf in ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]
|File:Gandalf EA RotK.png|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Return of the King GBA - Gandalf.png|Gandalf in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (Game Boy Advance)]]
|File:Gandalf in LOTRO.png|Gandalf in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online Shadows of Angmar - Gandalf.png|Gandalf the Grey in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]''
|File:Gandalf.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings- Conquest -Gandalf fighting Orcs.png|'''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]''
|File:Aragorn's Quest - Gandalf the White.jpg|Gandalf the White in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''
|File:Gandalf in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]''
|File:Lego - Gandalf the Grey mini figure.png|Gandalf the Grey as a ''[[Lego]] mini figure''
|File:Guardians of Middle-earth - Gandalf.png|Gandalf the Grey in ''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]''
|File:The Hobbit films - Gandalf.jpg|Gandalf the Grey in [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]
}}
===Films===
'''1966: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:Gandalf's role is drastically reduced. He lives in a tower, where Thorin, the [[Princess Mika Milovana|Princess]] and the guard meet him to discuss the killing of [[Smaug|Slag]]. He introduces them to Bilbo, but does not go on the quest.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[John Huston]].

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Gandalf was voiced by [[William Squire]]. [[John A. Neris]] played him in the live-action filming used for rotoscoping.<ref>Jerry Beck, ''The Animated Movie Guide'', page 154 (at [http://books.google.com/books?id=fTI1yeZd-tkC&pg=PA154&dq=%22John+A.+Neris%22&hl=nl#PPA154,M1 GoogleBooks])</ref>

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:[[John Huston]] reprised his role as Gandalf. In this adaptation, the tale is told by a minstrel of [[Gondor]], yet in the story, Gandalf serves as the narrator. Gandalf the White is portrayed without difference from Gandalf the Grey, in ''The Hobbit''.

'''1985: [[The_Hobbit_(1985_television_film)|''The Fairytale Adventures of Mr. Baggins, the Hobbit'' (1985 film)]]:'''
:Ivan Krasko played Gandalf.

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:[[Ian McKellen]] was cast as Gandalf. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his portrayal.

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'':'''
:Perhaps the most striking difference from all other adaptations is the difference between Gandalf the Grey and Gandalf the White. Where earlier no visible or audible difference was made, Gandalf the White is portrayed as much more virile, and with a shorter (and whiter) beard.

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Because [[Imrahil]] had been cut from the film, it was up to Gandalf to lead the troops after the madness and death of [[Denethor]].

'''2012-4: [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]:'''
:[[Ian McKellen|Sir Ian McKellen]] will reprise his role as Gandalf the Grey.<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> A description of Gandalf in ''The Hobbit'' films was released by the studio:

:{{Blockquote|One of the most powerful Wizards in all Middle-earth, Gandalf the Grey joins the quest to reclaim the Dwarf Kingdom of Erebor and the great treasure that lies within its stone halls from a fire-breating dragon, Smaug the Terrible. Along the way, Gandalf finds evidence that an ancient evil may have found its way back into the world. In order to uncover the truth, Gandalf must leave his companions to fend for themselves – a journey that will take him into the darkest corners of Middle-earth where his worst suspicions are confirmed.|[[Warner Bros.]]<ref name="HobbitApp">{{webcite|author=[[Warner Bros.]]|articleurl=http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hobbit-movies/id545808528|articlename=Hobbit Movies|dated=7-September-2012|website=[http://itunes.apple.com/ Apple iPhone/iPad App]|accessed=19-September-2012}}</ref>}}

===Radio series===
'''1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[Norman Shelley]].<ref>{{L|175}}</ref>

'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided by [[Heron Carvic]].

'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf was provided [[Bernard Mayes]].

'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Bernard Mayes]] reprised his role as Gandalf.

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Michael Hordern]] read the part of Gandalf. He had not read the book, and thought his agent made a mistake in telling him how many episodes he had to do. He did not know Gandalf's early death would prove only temporarily.<ref>[[Brian Sibley]], "[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/2008/01/this-page-is-still-under-construction_23.html The Ring Goes Ever On: The Making of BBC Radio's ''The Lord of the Rings'']", at ''[http://briansibleytheworks.blogspot.com/ Brian Sibley:The Works]''</ref>

===Games===
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]]:'''
:Gandalf can be met on several moments of the game's story line.<ref>[http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg ''ZX Computing'', iss. 8304, p. 76] reproduced at [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/archive.html World of Spectrum - Archive] (retrieved at 14 August 2010)</ref>

'''1990: [[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I'' (1990 video game)]]:'''
:Gandalf can be "recruited" by [[Frodo Baggins]] as a playable character.

'''1990: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan]]'':'''
:Gandalf is one of the main characters of the game and one of the several heroes of the [[Rohan]] faction.

'''1994: [[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES)|''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I'' (SNES)]]:'''
:Gandalf can be acquired as a playable characters.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:[[Tom Kane]] provided the voice of Gandalf. He is a playable character in several levels, including the fight with [[Durin's Bane]].

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (video game)]]:'''
:The voice of Gandalf is provided by [[Ian McKellen]]. Gandalf the Grey appears at the campsite of the [[Fellowship of the Ring|fellowship]] in ''The Gates of Moria'' and during the fight of [[Balin's Tomb]] in ''Balin's Tomb''. He latter reappears in the game as Gandalf the White at the start of the mission ''The Plains of Rohan'', where he leaves Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli to search Éomer and his army. He also appears in some cutscenes.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)#Game Boy Advance version|''The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers'' (Game Boy Advance)]]:'''
:In the [[wikipedia:Game Boy Advance|Game Boy Advance version]] of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]] Gandalf is a playable character. Gandalf's story starts with a conservation between Gandalf and [[Théoden]], after which the story goes back to the [[Caradhras]], where the Fellowship tries to travel over the [[Misty Mountains]]. When that road fails, the Fellowship goes back and travels through [[Moria]]. In Moria Gandalf and the other member of the Fellowship are seperated. After finding [[Frodo]], [[Aragorn]] and [[Gimli]] the fellowship is attacked by a [[Cave-troll]] and [[Goblins]]. After Gandalf defeats the Cave-troll the Fellowship has to flee for the [[Balrog]]. When they reach the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]] a cutscene is shown, in which Gandalf destroys the bridge and falls with the Balrog in the depths. After the fall Gandalf has to follow the footsteps of the Balrog through the depths of Moria and the [[Endless Stair]] untill he reaches [[Durin's Tower]], where he has to defeat the Balrog.

:After being revived he returns as Gandalf the White in Fangorn, where he defeats several [[Trolls|Forrest trolls]] and [[Crebain]]. After defeating a stronger Forrest troll, named Fangorn troll, Gandalf meets Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli. After a cutscene, the game moves to [[Edoras]]. Gandalf heals the corrupted Théoden in Edoras, and then travels through [[Rohan]] in search of [[Éomer]]. Gandalf convinces Éomer to lead his army to [[Helm's Deep]].

:The game ends with the [[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm's Deep]], in which Gandalf and Éomer fight alongside Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli and [[Éowyn]] while protecting the wall, the [[Hornburg]] and the [[Glittering Caves]]. In the final level Gandalf has to destroy the siege weapons that bombard the Hornburg. The game ends with a conservation between Gandalf, Aragorn, Gimli and Théoden.

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:[[Jim Ward]] provided the voice of Gandalf. He is shown with actual [[magic]]: he can shoot blue bolts of lightning from his staff.

'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]:'''
:Gandalf is the narrator, and a playable character. The game is built around him; the cut scene narration shows how he planned for the [[War of the Ring]]. He has several missions, collectively called the "Path of the Wizard". The first is the [[Battle of the Hornburg|the Battle of Helm's Deep]], which serves as a training mission. He has to fight [[Uruk-Hai]] in the forest of [[Huorns]] and [[Ents]] in "The Road to Isengard". After that, the missions move to [[Minas Tirith]]: the first mission, "Top of the Wall", has Gandalf warding off ladders and siege towers. In the second, "Courtyard", he has to protect civilians from the invading Orcs. His last playing mission is the [[Battle of the Morannon|Battle of the Black Gate]].

'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (Game Boy Advance)]]:'''
:Just like on the consule version of the game, Gandalf is a playable characte. He has many missions, collectively called the "The Journey of the Wizard". He starts in a flooded [[Isengard]], where he has to kill several [[Uruk-hai]] and [[Crebain]] before he confronts [[Saruman]]. After the defeat of Saruman he travels to [[Minas Tirith]] through Rohan and the Misty Mountains. At the [[Pelennor Fields]] Gandalf has to protect the [[Beacons of Gondor|beacons]], so Rohan can be warned. During the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields|Battle of Minas Tirith]] he has to protect the gate, before making his way to the [[House of the Stewards|Steward's Tomb]]. Here Gandalf has to kill Denethor, before he burns [[Faramir]]. After the battle Gandalf travels through [[Ithilien]] to the [[Black Gate]], where he confronts a Nazgûl.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age]]'':'''
:Gandalf, voiced by [[Ian McKellen]], is a character in [[Electronic Arts|EA's]] "alternative [[Fellowship of the Ring|fellowship]]" game. In his battle against Durin's Bane, he is aided by the main characters.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''
:Gandalf is voiced by [[Steven M. Kramer]], renowned for playing older mentor types.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:In non-storyline skirmishes Gandalf is the hero of the Gondor faction, who possesses several magical abilities. At first, he appears as Gandalf "the Grey", and becomes "Gandalf the White" after reaching level 5 (out of 10). Gandalf also narrates the prologue scene, repeating almost word for word the lines said by Galadriel in the ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.

:His involvement in the storyline is notable for major differences from the original tale. First of all, Gandalf survives his encounter with Balrog, defeating him at the Bridge of Khazad-dum and continues the journey with the Fellowship - by the time of arrival in Lothlorien he already appears as Gandalf the White. He is present during the ambush at [[Amon Hen]], where thanks to his involvement Boromir is saved from certain death. Merry and Pippin are captured regardless and Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli and Boromir give chase, while Gandalf departs them to see to dealings in Rohan, including freeing of King Théoden from the spell. Following the Battle of Helm's Deep he travels to Minas Tirith along with both Pippin and Boromir, where they participate in the Siege of the city.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Gandalf is a hero for the "Men of the West" faction. Similar to the first game, he appears as Gandalf the Grey initially and Gandalf the White after level 5. He plays no part in the main storyline, but appears in the alternate "evil" campaign: after Sauron reclaims the Ring and lays waste to southern lands, Gandalf and few other survivors meet their end during a last stand in Rivendell.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Gandalf is a non-playable character voiced by [[Harry Chase]], who narrates cutscenes and instances throughout the original game, before the first expansion. He first meets the Dwarven characters in Ered Luin in {{TA|2941}}, shortly before the Quest for Erebor. Later, characters of all races meet him in Bree in October of {{TA|3018}}, but he is too busy with concerns for Frodo and the Ring and merely sends them away to find Radagast. Finally, the players have a chance to have a proper conversation with him in Rivendell, following the Council of Elrond. During that time, Gandalf is involved in several quests, including helping the player wreck havoc among the Goblins stirring at the [[High Pass]]. After the Fellowship leaves Rivendell, players are able to retrace many of their steps, including the marks left by Gandalf such as the Burnt Top in [[Eregion]] and the remains of his fire at the pass of [[Caradhras]]. Later, Lady [[Galadriel]] bids the player to find the sings of Gandalf following his fall from the Bridge of Khazad-dum - said signs include his burnt hat at the Foundations of Stone in Moria and the sings of his struggle with the Balrog at the [[Endless Stair]] - those allow Galadriel to discern that Mithrandir is not truly dead. Players later meet him as Gandalf the White in [[Caras Galadhon]] shortly after the Fellowship has departed Lothlorien. During that time, he engages into a spiritual battle with a Gaunt-Lord Gortheron the Doom-Caller; his display of his new abilities encourages the band of Free People players and allows them to defeat the servant of Sauron.

:Gandalf is also present in several historic "session plays", during which players witness the important events their characters were not present for. Such events include Gandalf infiltrating [[Dol Guldur]] with the help of an Elf named Raddir, first meeting between Gandalf and Aragorn on the outskirts of Lothlorien and Gandalf's imprisonment atop Orthanc by Saruman.

'''2009: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Conquest]]'':'''
:[[Martin Jarvis]] provides the voice of Gandalf. He is a playable mage hero and has three special powers: "Healing Wisdom", "You Shall not Pass!" and "Cleansing Fire". In the good campaign he appears at the end of the Isengard mission, where he has to kill Saruman in [[Orthanc]]. In Moria he can be played to destroy the [[Balrog]] and in Minas Tirith he has to defend the gates of the second ring. He is also one of the four playable heroes in the last mission, [[The Battle of the Morannon|the battle of the Black Gate]]. He appears aswell in the end of the last mission, the Shire, of the evil campaign, in which he is killed by [[Sauron]].
:He is also playable in the Shire, Isengard, Minas Tirith and Moria with the ''Conquest'' Mode, in Isengard and Minas Tirith in the ''Team Deatmatch'' mode, the citadel of Minas Tirith in ''Capture the Ring'' mode, and at the Black Gate, Minas Morgul, Mout Doom and the Shire during ''Hero Team Deatmatch'' mode.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Gandalf is voiced by [[Tom Kane]], who also narrates the introduction of the game. He tells that heroes like "[[Aragorn|Aragorn the King]]", "[[Frodo Baggins|Frodo the Ringbearer]]" and "'''Gandalf the Wizard'''" are rightly honored, but that without a few heroes - [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] - the north of [[Middle-earth]] would have been lost.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref>
:He also appears in [[Rivendell]] latter in the game. Players can interact with him and learn of various important events, yet the conversations do not unlock any side-quests and do not affect the main story in any way.

'''2012: ''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Gandalf is a mage-type "guardian" with four abilities: ''Narya's Power'', ''Flame of Anor'', ''Fireworks'' and ''Gandalf's Might''.<ref>{{{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.guardiansofmiddleearth.co.uk/guardians/gandalf|articlename=''Guardians of Middle-earth'': Gandalf|dated=|website=[http://www.guardiansofmiddleearth.com/ ''Guardians of Middle-earth'' official website]|accessed=16 July 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Gandalf|Images of Gandalf]]

{{References}}

* {{HM|TT}}
* {{HM|RK}}
* {{L|156}}
* {{L|246}}


{{ainur}}
{{Thorin and Company}}
{{fellowship}}
{{sequence
|prev=none
|next=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]
|list=Leader of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] [[25 December|December 25]] [[Third Age 3018|3018]] - [[15 January|January 15]] [[Third Age 3019|3019]]
}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Maiar]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[Category:Norse names]]
[[Category:Wizards]]

[[de:Gandalf]]
[[fa:گندالف]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:ainur:maiar:istari:gandalf]]
[[fi:Gandalf]]

The Hobbit (1985 television film)

2012-09-24T21:39:28Z

Marbpl:

{{stub}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit russian television film.png|250px]]
| name=Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита
| director=
| writer=
| narrator=
| starring=Zinovy Gerdt Mikhail Danilov Anatoly Ravikovich Igor Dmitriev Ivan Krasko 
| music=
| studio=
| released= 1985
| runtime=64 minutes
| country=Soviet Union
| language=Russian
}}
'''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита''' (English: The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) is an unlicensed television film of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' from the Soviet Union. The complete name of the film is ''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита, через дикий край, чёрный лес, за туманные горы. Туда и обратно. По сказочной повести Джона Толкина "Хоббит"''.

This children's film featured Zinovy Gerdt as "the professor" (a narrator stand-in for Tolkien), Mikhail Danilov as Bilbo, Anatoly Ravikovich as Thorin, Ivan Krasko as Gandalf and Igor Dmitriev as Gollum. Smaug and the Spiders were portrayed by puppets. Missing in this version are the Trolls, Elrond, Beorn and the Wood-elves. The Goblins are human-like with little makeup and were portrayed by dancers from the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (along with the inhabitants of Lake Town).

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 Film on Youtube]
*[http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner Russian Wikipedia article]

Bilbo Baggins

2012-09-24T19:16:30Z

Marbpl:

{{Countdown}}
{{disambig-two|Bilbo Baggins|tenth child and fifth son of [[Samwise Gamgee]]|[[Bilbo Gardner]]}}
{{Hobbit
| image = [[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Bilbo Baggins (colour).jpg|250px]]
| name = Bilbo Baggins
| othernames =
| birth = [[22 September|September 22]], {{TA|2890}}<ref name="TA">{{App|B2}}</ref>
| death = Sailed [[Aman|West]] [[29 September|September 29]], {{TA|3021}}
| parentage= [[Bungo Baggins]] and [[Belladonna Took]]<ref name="TA"/>
| location = [[Bag End]], [[Hobbiton]], [[Rivendell]]
| race = [[Hobbits|Hobbit]]
| gender = Male
| height = Between 3' and 3'6"
| hair = Brown, later White
| eyes =
}}
'''Bilbo Baggins''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] who lived in [[The Shire]] during the final years of the [[Third Age]]. His adventure with the dwarves [[Thorin|Thorin]] and company earned him a fortune, and brought [[the One Ring]] of [[Sauron]] back into knowledge. Bilbo was noteworthy as the first [[ring-bearer]] in the history of [[Middle-earth]] to give up [[the One Ring]] voluntarily; he surrendered the ring to [[Frodo Baggins]] at [[Gandalf]]'s request.

==Appearence==
{{Stub}}

==Personality==
{{Stub}}

==History==
===Early life===
[[File:New Line Cinema - Bilbo Baggins 3.png|thumb|150px|'''Bilbo Baggins''' in [[The Hobbit films]].]]Bilbo Baggins was born on [[22 September|September 22]], {{TA|2890|n}} of the [[Third Age]], the son of [[Bungo Baggins|Bungo]] [[Baggins Family|Baggins]] and [[Belladonna Took]].<ref name="TA"/> During his youth Bilbo attended several parties during which he loved to listen to [[Gandalf]]'s stories<ref name="Erebor">{{UT|9}}</ref> about [[Dragons]], [[Goblins]] and princesses and was impressed by the Wizard's firework. After the death of his parents, respectivily in {{TA|2926}} and {{TA|2934}}, he inherited [[Bag End]]. In the eyes of his neighbors, he originally seemed just like his father - a solid, sensible, unadventurous and respectable hobbit.<ref name="Party">{{H|1}}</ref> But when becoming older he started to become "strange" and often left his home for many days to meet with strangers, including [[Dwarves]]. When Gandalf wanted to visit him in {{TA|2941}} he had disapeared again because of [[Yestarë|Elven new year]]. But within short time Bilbo would change and he became greedy and fat while his desire for adventures changed to a dream.<ref name="Erebor"/>

===Quest of Erebor===
====Across Eriador====
[[File:New Line Cinema - Bilbo Baggins, Gandalf and Dwarves.png|thumb|left|300px|''An Unexpected Party'' in [[The Hobbit films]].]]On a morning in {{TA|2941}} Bilbo was adressed by the Wizard [[Gandalf]], while he sat outside his hobbit-hole. He, reluctantly, asked Gandalf for tea next day. Gandalf brought [[Thorin and Company|thirteen Dwarves]] with him, arriving in five groups. First came [[Dwalin]], followed by [[Balin]], next were [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], then [[Dori]], [[Nori]], [[Ori]], [[Óin]] and [[Glóin]], and at last [[Bifur]], [[Bofur]], [[Bombur]], [[Thorin]] and Gandalf. During the Dwarves' visit Bilbo was arguing with himself and continuously switched between his stay-at-home "Baggins side" and his more adventurous "Took side". The Dwarves remained in Bag End for super and afterwards sang a song about the [[Sack of Erebor]] (''[[Far over the Misty Mountains Cold]]'') and expained the reasons for their unannounced coming: Gandalf volunteered Bilbo to be the company's burglar during their attempt to reclaim the [[Lonely Mountain]] (and its sizeable hoard) from the Dragon [[Smaug]]. Even with the Dwarves' protests and Bilbo's feeble objections, Gandalf convinces [[Thorin]] that Bilbo is the right person. Thus the Hobbit became the fourteenth member of the company.<ref name="Party"/>.[[File:Danny Staten - Burrahobit.jpg|thumb|200px|''Burrahobbit'' by [[Danny Staten]].]]

Next day, after assembling at the [[Green Dragon]], the company's journey to the Lonely Mountain begins. Thorin and company travelled through the [[Lone-lands]] along high hill and castles. After, approximately, one month Gandalf disapears and Oín and Gloín fail to make a fire during a rainy night. Balin spotted a fire in the distance, which was rare in these regions, and sent Bilbo to investigate. Bilbo sees three [[Trolls]] when he approaches the camp fire. He tries to steal one of the Trolls' money purses but is discover and captured by [[William Huggins]], one of the trolls. He escaped the trolls but was helpless to prevent all the dwarves from being captured when they came looking for him. Gandalf, however, came in the nick of time and saved them all by immitating the Trolls' voices. Which led to an argument between the Trolls, who were arguing untill dawn. The sun turned the Trolls to stone. Upon the discovery of the troll-cave Gandalf and Thorin took two swords from the Trolls' treasure. Bilbo discovered a small blade, which he names [[Sting]], and bore it with him ever after.<ref>{{H|2}}</ref>

In June they came to [[Rivendell]]. During their visit Bilbo met [[Elrond]], and became enchanted with the [[Elves]]. On midsummer eve Elrond inspected the swords of Thorin and Gandalf and [[Thrór's Map]]. Elrond explained that the swords were forged in [[Gondolin]] and were named [[Orcrist]] and [[Glamdring]]. When inspecting the map Elrond found Moon letters, explaing about the [[Back Door|back door of Erebor]], which read:<ref name="Rest">{{H|3}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks, and the setting sun with the last light of Durin's Day will shine upon the keyhole.|{{H|3}}}}

====Over the Misty Mountains====
[[File:Donato Giancola - The Hobbit - Expulsion.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Expulsion'' by [[Donato Giancola]].]]The next day the company left Rivendell<ref name="Rest"/> and found, with Elrond's advice, the right way over the [[Misty Mountains]], the [[High Pass]]. During a stormy night the company took shelter in a dry cave. When everybody was sleeping [[Goblins]] appeared and toke their ponies to [[Goblin-town]]. At this moment Bilbo woke up and - after seeing that the ponies had disapeared - yelled. [[Orcs|Goblins]] swarmed the cave and captured Bilbo and the dwarves. But - thanks to Bilbo's yell - Gandalf had awoken on time and avoided capture. Bilbo and the dwarves were brought before the [[Great Goblin]]. When he saw Thorin's sword, Orcrist, he was enraged and wanted to kill Thorin and his companions. But Gandalf came in time to safe them and killed the Great Goblin. While escaping Bilbo was carried by Dori. But when a goblin attacked Dori he dropped Bilbo.<ref>{{H|4}}</ref>

When Bilbo's consciousness returned he picked up a strange [[The One Ring|golden ring]]. After wandering through the dark passages he came to the lake of [[Gollum]]. Gollum, desiring to eat the hobbit but not willing to face his blade, engaged in a riddle contest. If Bilbo won, according to the predetermined rules, Gollum would lead him to safety. If Gollum won, however, Bilbo would submit to be eaten. As Bilbo saw no other way to escape he agreed with Gollum's proposal.<ref name="Riddles">{{H|5}}</ref>

[[File:Michael Hague - Riddles in the Dark.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Riddles in the Dark'' by [[Michael Hague]].]]Bilbo won the contest by accident, wondering outloud as he fingered the ring he had picked up, "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum mistook this for a question, and Bilbo decided to stick to it. Gollum lost, but went back to his little island to take the ring Bilbo had picked up (as it was a magic ring) to turn himself invisible and kill the hobbit anyway. But of course the ring was not there, and Gollum, enraged, suddenly guessed that Bilbo had it. He chased Bilbo, but Bilbo unwittingly used the ring and escaped his notice. Gollum led Bilbo to the eastern door of the goblin-tunnels, through which Bilbo departed in safety.<ref name="Riddles"/> Soon after leaving the caves Bilbo found his companions and used the Ring to slip along Balin, the look-out. [[Balin]] was very impressed that he hadn't noticed Bilbo and his reputation among the dwarves increased. Bilbo told Gandalf and the dwarves about his encounter with Gollum and his escape. But he said nothing of the ring. Thus he rejoined his fellow adventurers.<ref name="Pan">{{H|6}}</ref>

The company had not journeyed long when they heard the howl of a [[Wargs|Warg]]. On Gandalf's order they climbed in a group of trees. Bilbo, however, was not able to climb in one of the trees:<ref name="Pan"/>

{{blockquote|He could not get into any tree, and was scuttling about from trunk to trunk, like a rabbit that has lost its hole and has a dog after it.|{{H|6}}}}

Only with the help of Dori, Bilbo managed to climb in one of the trees. Immediately after Dori had climbed in a tree, hundreds of Wargs arrived. Gandalf kept them at bay with pyrotechnical pinecones, but eventually goblins came and set the trees to fire. Even Gandalf had begun to despair, but the [[Eagles]] of [[Gwaihir]] came to rescue them. However, the Eagles forget Bilbo and he had to grab Dori's feet. The Eagles brough them first to [[Eagle's Eyrie|their eyry]], where they spent the night,<ref name="Pan"/> and then to the [[Carrock]].<ref name="Queer">{{H|7}}</ref> Bilbo did not enjoy his experience of being carried by his rescuers, apparently suffering from a fear of heights.<ref name="Pan"/>

====Across Wilderland====
From the Carrock they came to [[Beorn]]'s [[Beorn's Hall|Hall]]. Gandalf took only Bilbo at first, but with his story introduced the dwarves in pairs of two, convincing Beorn to invite them for dinner. Bilbo slept uneasily, fearing to be killed by Beorn, while the company spent the night in Beorn's hall. They would remain in Beorn's hall, while Beorn had disapeared, for the next two days. On the third day of their lodging Beorn returned and gave them mounts, bows and stocks. He also provided them with council for their coming journey. They travelled three days before they arrived at the edge of [[Mirkwood]]. Bilbo alone (save for perhaps Gandalf) noticed that a bear still followed them. At the edge of Mirkwood they returned the ponies and Gandalf said farewell to Bilbo and the Dwarves. Bilbo was very saddened by Gandalf's parting.<ref name="Queer"/>

[[File:Rodney Matthews - Bilbo and spider.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Bilbo and spider'' by [[Rodney Matthews]].]]After many days travelling the company came to the [[Enchanted River]]. Bilbo noted that there was a boat at the other back. Fíli threw an iron hook on the boat and pulled the boat across the river. The company then crossed the river by pairs of two. While crossing the river, however, Bombur fell in the river. They rescued him but he had fallen in sleep and had to carry him. Eventually, they started to give up hope and the Dwarves sent Bilbo to climb in a tree midway through the wood. Bilbo declared he could see only trees, not realizing they were at the bottom of a bowl formation. Given up hope, the company noticed camp fires of the feasting [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]] and, against the warnings of Beorn and Gandalf, they left the [[Old Forest Road|road]] to contact them. However, whenever the company tried to contact the Elves, they extinguished the fires, leaving a complete darkness in the forest, and disapeared suddenly. Thrice they tried to contact the Elves but all their attempts failed. After their third attempt Bilbo lost his companions.<ref name="Flies">{{H|8}}</ref>

Later, a [[Spiders|spider]] attacked Bilbo, who had fallen in sleep. Bilbo just woke up on time to defend himself which his litte blade. He would name his blade ''[[Sting]]'' after its first kill. Bilbo discoverd that his companions were captured by the spiders in their nest. Calling the spiders names, he lured them (with [[The One Ring|his ring]]) away and came back around to rescue them. When the spiders returned and the spiders and Dwarves fought a long battle. Eventually, the company won with no serious injuries, but later found out that Thorin was missing. Soon after intruding the feasts of the Wood-elves he was captured, this however was unknown to Bilbo and the Dwarves.<ref name="Flies"/> Shortly after the fight with the spiders the remaining members of the company were also captured and brought before [[Thranduil]], king of Mirkwood. Bilbo, with his ring, escaped notice and thus capture. He followed the elves into the [[Halls of Thranduil]], where the dwarves refused to tell their errand to Thranduil and were locked up.<ref name="Barrels">{{H|9}}</ref>

[[File:Jef Murray - Barrel Rider.jpg|200px|thumb|''Barrel Rider'' by [[Jef Murray]].]]Later, getting used to the elven halls and with the aid of his magic ring, he discovered that Thorin was also captured by Thranduil and devised a plan for the dwarves to escape. One day, [[Galion]], Thranduil's butler, and the head of the guard were drunken and was able to steal the keys. He freed the Dwarves from their cells and packed theim in barrels. His plan worked, with the dwarves being packed away in barrels and launched into the [[Forest River]]. Poor Bilbo was forced to cling to the barrels, invisible, and grew cold and wet.<ref name="Barrels"/>

{{blockquote|He came up again spluttering and clinging to the wood like a rat, but for all his efforts he could not scramble on top. Every time he tried, the barrel rolled round and ducked him under again. It was really empty, and floated light as a cork. Though his ears were full of water, he could hear the elves still singing in the cellar above.|{{H|9}}}}

Upon reaching the [[Long Lake]], Bilbo - with the aid of Thorin, Fili and Kili - searched for the barrels with Dwarves and freed them. They then went to [[Lake-town]], where they received a warm welcome. The [[Master of Lake-town]] invited Thorin and his companions to the feast he organized. Despite the feigned hospitality of the [[Master of Lake-town]] and his people Bilbo had an awful cold and could hardly say anything during the banquet. The company stayed two weeks in Lake-town. They were given new ponies and provisions for many days, and they were brought, by boat, to the northern tip of the Long Lake.<ref>{{H|10}}</ref>

====Encounter with the Dragon====
On their way again, the party came to the [[Lonely Mountain]] when long autmn waned. Thorin sent Balin, Fíli, Kíli and Bilbo to spy the [[Front Gate]]. Bilbo saw smoke coming out of the front gate, which made the party assume that Smaug was stilll alive. They returned to their camp and on Bilbo's suggestion they start to search for the [[Back Door]] at the western slopes of the Lonely Mountain. Eventually, the company discovered the back door. But none of them was able to open it and Bilbo sat days on the [[doorstep]], thinking. Soon the dwarves began to grumble against the hobbit, but Bilbo finally solved the riddle of the thrush knocking at the last light of Durin's Day:<ref name="Doorstep">{{H|11}}</ref>

{{blockquote|At the very moment he heard a sharp crack behind him. There on the grey stone in the grass was an enormous thrush, nearly coal black, its pale yellow breast freckled with dark spots. Crack! It had caught a snail and was knocking it on the stone. Crack! Crack! Suddenly Bilbo understood. Forgetting al danger he stood on the ledge and hailed the dwarves, shouting and waving.|{{H|11}}}}
[[File:Olanda Fong-Surdenas - Smaug the Mighty.jpg|thumb|left|260px|''Smaug the Mighty'' by [[Olanda Fong-Surdenas]].]]
The dwarves found that he was right, and with the key managed to open the passage.<ref name="Doorstep"/> Bilbo was, of course, elected to enter the passage first, taking only [[Balin]] with him. Soon Balin halted, but Bilbo went on, finding Smaug's lair and stealing a single jewelled cup before returning. While the Dwarves passed the retrieved treasure to each other and praised Bilbo for his deed, they heard the mountain rumbling. Bilbo had done ill in this, Smaug had awoken and was raged when he missed his cup. Smaug ravaged the mountain and the dwarves were forced to hide in the tunnel, though they lost their ponies. Despite their grumbling, the dwarves had begun to rely on Bilbo's advice for their course of action, and agreed to wait. Bilbo soon decided, however, to return and try and find a weakness in Smaug. Slipping on his ring, he approached the dragon's hoard.<ref name="Inside">{{H|12}}</ref>

Gandalf had indeed done well in choosing Bilbo, for the old worm did not recognize Bilbo's scent, and was puzzled. Nevertheless he sensed the hobbit's presence, and challenged him. Bilbo riddled with him about his own identity and flattered the dragon:<ref name="Inside"/>

{{Blockquote|"Well, thief! I smell you and I feel your air. I hear you breath. Come along! Hepl yourself again, there is plenty and to spare!" But Bilbo was not quite so unlearned in dragon-lore as all that, and if Smaug hoped to get him to come nearer so easily he was disappointed. "No thank you, O Smaug the Tremendous!" he replied. "I did not come for presents. I only wished to have a look at you and see if you were truly as great as tales say. I did not believe them." "Do you now?" said the dragon somewhat flatered, even though he did not believe a word of it. "Truly songs and tales fall utterly short of the reality, O Smaug the Chiefest and Greatest of Calamities," replied Bilbo. "You have nice manners for a thief and a liar," said the dragon.|{{H|12}}}}
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Scouring the Mountain.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Scouring the Mountain'' by [[Ted Nasmith]].]]
This confrontation did not last especially long, for Bilbo tricked Smaug into showing his underside. Bilbo then saw the gap in the dragon's hard scales, an unprotected place. Bilbo, upon seeing this, cracked a joke and hastily departed, and for this was nearly burned to death. All the same, he escaped and recovered, and told the dwarves what he had learned. This indirectly aided the company, for a [[thrush]] overheard, and this would prove beneficial in the end.<ref name="Inside"/>

====Death of Smaug====
As darkness came, Bilbo urged the dwarves to close the door for fear of Smaug's vengeance. Reluctantly, and at last, they gave in. Just as the door closed, Smaug ravaged the side of the mountain, blocking up the door and destroying the doorstep. However, by mentioning the word "Barrel-rider" he had made Smaug assume that the company had been aided by the people of Laketown.<ref name="Inside"/> Thus, Smaug went on to wreck his vengeance on Laketown. Smaug destroyed the town but one company of archers, led by [[Bard]], resisted against the dragon. When only one arrow, the [[Black Arrow]], remained, a Thrush - who had overheard Bilbo telling about the unprotected patch of Smaug's skin - fluttered around Bard's shoulder. The Trush passed his knowledge on to Bard who - armed with the knowledge - shot Smaug dead. Smaug fell on the town, which was devasted by the dragon's attack, but Bard survived and swum to the shores of the lake. There, Bard - a heir of [[Girion]] of [[Dale]] - was proclaimed by the people, no longer afraid, as king of restored Dale. Bard summoned [[Thranduil]] to help rebuild Laketown and Dale, in return for part of the treasure. The armies of Mirkwood and Laketown joined together and marched to the Lonely Mountain to take and share the treasure.<ref>{{H|14}}</ref>

Meanwhile, in the Lonely Mountain, Bilbo and the dwarves decided to inspect the hoard while Smaug was away. During this time Bilbo stumbled across a gigantic and beautiful gem. Recalling an earlier conversation, Bilbo decided it was the famous [[Arkenstone]], but felt strangely reluctant to give it up. Instead, he put it in his pocket and continued on. After a song and gathering of treasure, Thorin gave Bilbo a beautiful [[Mithril#The Mithril Coat|coat]] of [[mithril]] as a first reward for his services. First Thorin led the party to the front gate, and then Balin led them to the [[guardroom]], where they sheltered.<ref>{{H|13}}</ref>

After Bilbo and his companions awoke the next morning they found that many birds, including the aforementioned Trush, assembling at the Lonely Mountain. Although the Trush tried to say something to the company, none of them could understand him. Therefore the Trush summoned the [[Ravens|raven]] [[Roäc]], who was able to speak [[Westron]]. Roäc told Bilbo and the dwarves about the preceding events in Laketown and revealed Thorin about the approaching armies. He counseled them to make peace with Bard and Thranduil, though it cost him dearly in gold. Thorin rejected this advice and announced that he would not share the treasure with anyone. Therefore, Thorin sent Roäc as a messenger to his nephew [[Dáin]], lord of the [[Iron Hills]], to request aid. The next days they made preperations and blocked the gate with a wall, while they received news from the ravens.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|15}}</ref>

====Battle of the Five Armies and Return Journey====
When Bard and Thranduil came to the Front gate, Thorin harshly responded in polite words to Bard. Bard's reasoning did little for the stubborn King under the Mountain and Thorin rejected Bard's proposal to share the treasure.<ref name="Gathering"/> Bilbo feared war, and to prevent this gave the Arkenstone into the hands of [[Bard]] for negotiation. With the praise of Bard, Thranduil, and Gandalf he returned, only to be rejected and cast away for his deed by Thorin. But Bilbo was successful in that Thorin was willing to negotiate, and war was prevented temporarily.

And yet war did come. [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]], at the summons of Thorin, came from the [[Iron Hills]] with an army of dwarves. Bard refused to let the dwarves enter the mountain, which would mean a long and almost certainly unsuccessful siege. But just as battle was about to be joined, Gandalf called them all to be wary of the new coming danger - the alliance of [[Wargs]] and [[Orcs|Goblins]] against them. Dáin, Bard, and Thranduil took council together, and decided upon a strategy of defending the slopes of the Lonely Mountain. Then the enemy came. Thus was the [[Battle of Five Armies]] fought.

[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Death of Thorin Oakenshield.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''The Death of Thorin'' by [[Darrell Sweet]].]]During the battle Bilbo stood with Thranduil and Gandalf on [[Ravenhill]]. As the battle went against the men, dwarves, and elves, Bilbo reflected gloomily on the ingloriousness of war and the bitterness of the end. But then the [[Eagles]] of [[Gwaihir]] came, and [[Beorn]] too, and the battle was won. But Bilbo did not see this result, for a falling stone knocked him out. Invisible as he was, his bruised body was not discovered until the next day. Bilbo then bade farewell to the mortally wounded Thorin and his other friends. Then, taking his share of the treasure, he returned with Gandalf to [[the Shire]]. There he discovered that he was believed dead, and an auction was going on of his house and possessions. He bought back his own things, and settled once more peacefully into [[Bag End]].

===The Years Between===
Bilbo lived on in health and comfort, high in the regard of those who knew him best, but considered somewhat of an oddity. He adopted his young cousin [[Frodo Baggins]] as his heir, and raised him in Bag End. Occasionally he received visitors; dwarves, Gandalf, or even elves from time to time. Most of his time was spent reading, writing his memoirs, writing poetry, and avoiding his nasty relatives the [[Sackville-Baggins Family|Sackville-Bagginses]]. His life was extended by the ring (actually [[the One Ring]] of ancient history), and yet as he lived on with no apparent sign of aging, he began to feel stretched and thin.

===Bilbo's Farewell Party===
At last, in September of [[Third Age 3001|3001]], Bilbo threw a [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|grand party]] for his 111th birthday (which happened to be shared with Frodo). During this party he did a vanishing act with his ring and left with three dwarves for [[Rivendell]], to live with [[Elrond]] and the elves there. He left all his possessions to Frodo, including, urged by Gandalf, the One Ring. He was the first ringbearer to so give up the object.

===End of the Third Age===
[[File:Bilbo smoking a pipe.jpg|thumb|250px|Bilbo smoking a pipe in [[Peter Jackson]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.]]He lived a very pleasant life of retirement in Rivendell: eating, sleeping, writing poetry, and working on his memoir, ''[[There and Back Again]]'', known to us as ''[[The Hobbit]]''. He also wrote a book called ''[[Translations from the Elvish]]'', which formed the basis of what is known to us as ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.

When Frodo came to Rivendell twelve years later, Bilbo attended the [[Council of Elrond]], offering to take the Ring to [[Mount Doom]]. Nevertheless this task fell to the younger Frodo, and in farewell Bilbo gave him [[Sting]] and his old mithril coat, both of which bore him well in the struggles to come.

The [[War of the Ring]] was fought far from where Bilbo dwelt, but successfully, and in the end Frodo returned home.

===Passage west===
Two years later, however, Bilbo as a former ringbearer accompanied Frodo Baggins, Gandalf, and certain Elves to the [[Grey Havens]], there to take ship for the West, on [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}}. He had already celebrated his 131st birthday, becoming the oldest Hobbit in the history of Middle-earth. As a a mortal, he died in the West.

The last writing of Bilbo appears in the form of the poem "''[[Bilbo's Last Song]]''." It is a poem Bilbo conceivably composed while sailing west, and looking back on Middle-earth in farewell. It was published after Tolkien's death.

==Literary work==
{{Stub}}

==Etymology==
[[John D. Rateliff]] has suggested that the name ''Bilbo'' is very likely a name invented by Tolkien, a "short, simple, made-up name appropriate for a hero of a children's book or light-hearted fantasy story".<ref>{{HM|HHO}}, pp. 47-8</ref>

==Other names==
* Burglar, from a note on Bilbo's door left by [[Gandalf]]<ref name="Party"/>
* Thief, from [[Gollum]] after Bilbo stole [[the One Ring]]. [[Smaug]] also gave the name to Bilbo after he stole a cup.<ref name="Riddles"/>
* Clue-finder, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Inside"/>
* Web-cutter, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Inside"/>
* Stinging Fly, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Inside"/>
* Ringwinner, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Inside"/>
* Luckwearer, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug<ref name="Inside"/>
* Barrel-rider, a name given to Bilbo by himself during his conversation with Smaug, Smaug also later addressed Bilbo by this name.<ref name="Inside"/>
* Mr. Lucky Number, a name given to Bilbo by Smaug.<ref name="Inside"/>
* Child of the Kindly West, a name given to Bilbo by [[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]].<ref name=HReturn>{{H|Return}}</ref>
* Bilbo the Magnificent, a name given to Bilbo by [[Thranduil]]<ref name=HReturn/>
* Elf-friend, a name given to Bilbo by [[Thranduil]]<ref name=HReturn/>
* Mad Baggins, a name first given to Bilbo by [[Rorimac Brandybuck]] after Bilbo disappeared suddenly from his Birthday Party.<ref>{{FR|I1}}</ref> It later became the name of a favourite character of legend who would vanish with a bang and a flash, only to reappear with bags of jewels and gold.<ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref>
* Ring-bearer, for his bearing of [[the One Ring]].
* Bilba Labingi, the original hobbit name for Bilbo.<ref name="PM">{{PM|Languages}}, pp. 48-50</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{Baggins}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Bilbo Baggins in adaptations
|height=150
|width=200
|lines=3
|File:The Hobbit (1966 film) - Bilbo Baggins.png|Bilbo in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]
|File:Bilbo Baggins from Rankin-Bass' The Hobbit.jpg|Bilbo in [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]
|File:LOTR 1990-2--1-.png|Bilbo in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Ring, Vol. I]]''
|File:Ian Holm as Bilbo.jpg|Bilbo in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]''
|File:Bilbo viv lotr.JPG|Bilbo in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]
|File:The Hobbit (2003) One Ring.JPG|Bilbo in [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Aragorn's Quest - Bilbo.png|Bilbo in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]''
|File:The Hobbit films - Bilbo.jpg|Bilbo in [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]
}}
===Films===
'''1966: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:Many characters are omitted, and Bilbo takes over the roles of several. He causes the "Growns" (substitutes for the trolls) to quarrel, and he kills the dragon [[Smaug|Slag]] with the Arkenstone. At the end, he marries the [[Princess Mika Milovana|princess]] of Dale.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:[[Orson Bean]] was the voice of Bilbo.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:[[Norman Bird]] was the voice of Bilbo, and [[Billy Barty]] the body double.

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:Orson Bean reprised his role as Bilbo. He lives in [[Rivendell]], and listens to the tale of Frodo of the Nine Fingers. Some archive footage from ''Rankin/Bass' The Hobbit'' is also shown at the start of the film.

'''1985: [[The_Hobbit_(1985_television_film)|''The Fairytale Adventures of Mr. Baggins, the Hobbit'' (1985 film)]]:'''
:Mikhail Danilov played Bilbo.

'''2001-3: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy]]'':'''
:Bilbo is played by [[Ian Holm]], who also played [[Frodo Baggins]] in the radio series 20 years earlier.

'''2012-4: [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]:'''
:[[Ian Holm]] will reprise his role as an older Bilbo,<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10150232032911558&id=141884481557|articlename=One comment that...|dated=22-April-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> whilst the younger Bilbo will be portrayed by [[Martin Freeman]].<ref name="PJCasting2">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> A description of Bilbo in ''The Hobbit'' films was released by the studio:

:{{Blockquote|Like all Hobbits, Bilbo Baggins is fond of his comfortable existence; all he needs to be happy is a full pantry and a good book. When the Wizard Gandalf and 13 Dwarves unexpectedly appear on Bilbo’s doorstep and invite him to join them on a dangerous adventure, Bilbo’s life changes forever. Initially sceptical of the invitation, Bilbo’s spirit of adventure leads him to join the Company of Thorin Oakenshield and become the “burglar” required to complete their quest to outwit a ferocious dragon and reclaim the Dwarves’ stolen treasure. To everyone’s surprise, including his own, Bilbo’s wit and courage prove that there is indeed more to this Hobbit than meets the eye.|[[Warner Bros.]]<ref name="HobbitApp">{{webcite|author=[[Warner Bros.]]|articleurl=http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hobbit-movies/id545808528|articlename=Hobbit Movies|dated=7-September-2012|website=[http://itunes.apple.com/ Apple iPhone/iPad App]|accessed=19-September-2012}}</ref>}}

===Radio series===
'''1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Felix Felton]].

'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:Bilbo is portrayed by [[Paul Daneman]], and several times, when he introduces himself, he spells out his last name ("B-A-GG-I-N-S").

'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Ray Reinhardt]].

'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''
:The voice of Bilbo is provided by [[Ray Reinhardt]].

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Bilbo is portrayed by [[John Le Mesurier]].

===Video games===
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]]:'''
:Bilbo Baggins is the main character of the game. Together with his companion, [[Thorin]], he travels to [[Lonely Mountain|the Lonely Mountain]]. There they plunder Smaug's lair.<ref name="Newspaper">{{webcite|author=Phil Garratt|articleurl=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg|articlename=Software Review: The Hobbit|website=[http://www.worldofspectrum.org WorldOfSpectrum.com]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>

'''1990: [[J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)|''J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I'' (1990 video game)]]:'''
:Bilbo Baggins first appear in the introduction of the game, in which [[Bilbo's Farewell Party]] appears.

:Bilbo makes a second appearence in [[Rivendell]], where he can be found in the bedrooms. He asks the player about the Ring and gives him Sting and a Mithril mail.<ref>{{webcite|author=Chris Wallner|articleurl=http://www.thecomputershow.com/computershow/walkthroughs/lordoftheringsvol1walk.htm#rivendell|articlename=Lord Of The Rings: Volume 1 - Walkthrough|dated=|website=thecomputershow.com|accessed=2 March 2012}}</ref>

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:The first time that the game references to Bilbo is during the introduction, when Gandalf mentions that Bilbo won the Ring from Gollum.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]], Introduction</reF> He also makes an appearance in Rivendell, after the [[Council of Elrond]]. When Frodo comes to say goodbye he gives him Sting and his Mithril shirt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]], Rivendell</ref> He is voiced by [[Jim Piddock]].

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:Bilbo is the main protagonist and the titular playable character of the game. The story of ''The Hobbit'' is adapted rather faithfully, but many additional side-adventures for Bilbo are present, involving him killing multiple enemies. He performs several quests in the Shire before reaching Green Dragon, saves an elf named [[Lianna]] in Troll cave, rescues a Dwarf named [[Balfor]] from Goblin-Town, uncovers a treachery among men of Lake-Town and helps Dwarves restore ancient working of Erebor, among other things. He is portrayed with red hair and is voiced by [[Michael Beattie]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Bilbo is a non-playable character, who resides at the [[Rivendell|Last Homely House]] in [[Rivendell]]. The player can find him at the [[Hall of Fire]], chatting with [[Lindir]]. Among other things, he sends the players to Goblin-Town with a task to verify several directions and turns in the place, which he had forgotten, but requires for the book he is writing.

'''2010: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'':'''
:Bilbo appears in Rivendell.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Bilbo is present in Rivendell, where players can discuss with him various topics at different stages of the story.

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images of Bilbo Baggins|Images of Bilbo Baggins]]

{{References}}

{{sequence
|prev=[[Gollum]]
|next=[[Frodo Baggins]]
|list=[[Ring-bearer]] [[Third Age 2941|T.A. 2941]] - [[22 September|September 22]] [[Third Age 3001|3001]]}}

{{Thorin and Company}}

[[Category:Baggins]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]

[[de:Bilbo Beutlin]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hobbits:sacquet:bilbo_sacquet]]
[[fi:Bilbo Reppuli]]

The Hobbit

2012-09-24T18:54:29Z

Marbpl:

{{Countdown}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{disambig-more|There and Back Again|[[There and Back Again (disambiguation)]]}}
{{book
|title=The Hobbit
|image=[[Image:The Hobbit (1937).png|225px]]
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
|publisher=[[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]]; [[Houghton Mifflin]]
|date=[[21 September]] [[1937]]; [[1938]]
|format=
|pages=
|isbn=
}}
'''''The Hobbit, or There and Back Again''''', better known as '''''The Hobbit''''', is the first of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien]] published books set within [[Arda]]. It was first published on [[21 September]] [[1937]] by [[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]] in the United Kingdom, and was subsequently followed by the publication of Tolkien's ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in [[1954]] and [[1955]].

==Plot==
{{hchapters}}
[[Image:Donato Giancola - The Hobbit - Expulsion.jpg|thumb|left|220px|''The Hobbit'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit, is smoking in his porchway one day when Gandalf the Wizard visits him. After a lengthy discussion, during which Bilbo uses the phrase "Good Morning" several times, in several different ways, Bilbo, finding himself flustered, invites Gandalf to tea, and goes back inside his hobbit hole with a final "Good Morning". Gandalf scratches a secret mark on Bilbo's front door, which translated means 'Burglar wants a good job, plenty of excitement and reasonable reward'. Thirteen Dwarves ([[Thorin]], [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Dwalin]], [[Balin]], [[Bifur]], [[Kíli]], [[Fíli]], [[Bofur]], [[Dori]], [[Bombur]], [[Nori]], and [[Ori]]) show up and begin excitedly discussing their planned treasure hunt while the hapless Bilbo provides the obligatory hospitality. After the dwarves clean up their mess, a map is produced and Gandalf arranges for Bilbo to get the burglary job—as well as to break the unlucky number 13. The company's quest: kill [[Smaug]], the [[Dragons|dragon]] who seized the [[Lonely Mountain]] (Erebor) from the Dwarves' forefathers, and, using a secret door into the mountain, recapture it, dividing the riches within its halls.

The next morning, after oversleeping and nearly missing the start of the journey, Bilbo goes off with the Dwarves. They are nearly eaten by three [[Trolls]], but Gandalf tricks the trolls into staying up all night whereupon they are turned into stone by the first light of dawn. (The stone trolls appear later in ''The Lord of the Rings''.) In the troll's cave they find some swords. Bilbo acquires [[Sting]], which glows blue in the presence of [[Orcs|Goblins]] (another name for [[Orcs]]).

The party travels to [[Rivendell]] where they enjoy the hospitality of the [[Elves]], then proceed eastwards towards the [[Misty Mountains]]. There they are ambushed by goblins (Orcs), and carried under the mountain. They run away, and during the escape Bilbo loses the Dwarves. Alone in the dark after running away from the goblins, Bilbo finds a [[The One Ring|ring]] on the floor of a cave passage and puts it into his pocket.

Continuing down, he finds himself at the shore of an underground lake. [[Gollum]] quietly paddles up in his boat, and the two enact the [[Riddle-game]], under the condition that if Bilbo wins, Gollum will show him the way out, but if he loses, Gollum will eat Bilbo. After several [[Riddle-game|Riddles]], which each manages to answer, Bilbo, whilst fiddling in his pocket unable to think of a riddle, asks himself aloud "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum thinks this is supposed to be the next riddle, and as it doesn't comply with the rules of the riddle game, demands three guesses; in the end he fails to guess the answer. Bilbo demands his reward, but Gollum refuses and paddles off in his boat to an island in the lake, upon which he lives. After searching around for a while asking aloud "where is it? wheres my precious!?" to which Bilbo replies, "I don't know and I don't care, I just want to get out of here", Gollum becomes suspicious, gets in his boat, and starts paddling back across the lake towards Bilbo. Gollum is unable to find the one weapon he could use to betray and kill Bilbo, a magic ring that makes its wearer invisible; driven by rage, Gollum starts to realize the real answer to Bilbo's previous question "What have I got in my pocket?". Bilbo realises his life is in mortal danger and makes his escape down the maze of pitch black tunnels, and Gollum gives chase. Bilbo trips, and finds the ring on his finger. Realising he has no chance to escape his pursuer, he stays where he is and prepares to meet his fate, but Gollum runs right over him. Bilbo realises the ring makes him invisible. He manages to escape past Gollum, who has gone to guard the only exit, and finds his way to the surface where he rejoins the Dwarves.

Descending from the [[Misty Mountains]], they survive an encounter with [[Wargs]] (wild wolf creatures) by climbing trees. Eagles rescue them. Then they meet [[Beorn]], a man who can transform into a bear. They depart, having rested for several days. Gandalf leaves soon on an errand. The party traverses the great forest [[Mirkwood]], eventually running out of supplies. Gandalf had warned them not to leave the path, but they saw fire and heard singing, so, hopeless, they leave the path to beg food from [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]], only to get lost. They are captured by giant spiders, but Bilbo rescues the Dwarves by becoming invisible and killing many spiders with Sting. Elves then capture the Dwarves and imprison them, but Bilbo manages to sneak into the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]]'s palace unnoticed using the ring; he then helps the Dwarves escape in barrels floated down the river.[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves (II).jpg|thumb|200px|''Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]

After staying for a short period of time at [[Lake-town]], the treasure-seekers proceed to the Lonely Mountain. Finding themselves unable to locate the secret door, the company sit down disconsolate on a cliff. Hearing a thrush knocking on a stone, Bilbo looks up just in time to see the last rays of the Sun of [[Durin's Day]], shining on the cliff wall, to magically reveal the secret door (as was foretold by [[moon-letters]] upon a map that the company was in possession of). Bilbo is sent down to encounter Smaug. The dragon, realising the Company received help from the people of Laketown, sets out to destroy it. However, the thrush that had been knocking on the stone, was no ordinary bird but of an ancient race with whom the men of the lake could communicate, and it had heard Bilbo's report to the dwarves, that Smaug had a bare patch on his belly that could be used to slaughter him, if only you could get close enough. It conveyed this message to one [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]], who seeing the bare patch in the belly of Smaug, despatched the dragon with a single arrow, thus allowing the party of Dwarves to take possession of the treasure.

The citizens of Laketown arrive to make historical claims and demand compensation for the help they had rendered, as well as reparations for the damage Smaug inflicted during his attack. They're joined by the Elves, who also demand a share based on historical claims. The Dwarves refuse all negotiations and in turn summon kin from the north to strengthen their position. Seeing no other way to avert a war, Bilbo uses the ring to steal the prized [[Arkenstone]] from the Dwarves, which he tries to use to broker peace.

Just as [[Thorin]] is refusing a truce and battle is about to begin, the three armies at the Lonely Mountain (Elves, Men and Dwarves) must rally together as they are attacked by [[Orcs|Goblins]] and [[Wargs]] from the Misty Mountains. A bitter battle ensues, named the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. Though suffering heavy losses, Elves, Men and Dwarves prevail. The treasure is apportioned. Bilbo refuses most of the riches, realising he has no way to bring them back home; he nevertheless takes enough with him to make himself a wealthy hobbit and live happily thereafter, unaware of the dangerous nature of his [[The One Ring|ring]].

==Conception==
Tolkien recollects in a 1955 letter to [[W.H. Auden]] (''Letters'', [[Letter 163|no. 163]]) that, in the late 1920s, when he was Professor of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] at [[Pembroke College]], ''The Hobbit'' began when he was marking School Certificate papers, on the back of one of which he wrote the words "In a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit". He did not go any further than that at the time, although in the following years he drew up Thrór's map, outlining the geography of the tale. The tale itself he wrote in the early 1930s, and it was eventually published because he lent it to the Reverend Mother of Cherwell Edge when she was sick with the flu; while the Reverend Mother was in possession of the manuscript, it was seen by the 10-year old son of Sir Stanley Unwin, [[Rayner Unwin]], who wrote such an enthusiastic review of the book that it was published by [[Allen and Unwin]].

Tolkien introduced or mentioned characters and places that figured prominently in his legendarium, specifically [[Elrond]] and [[Gondolin]], along with elements from Germanic legend. But the decision that the events of ''The Hobbit'' could belong to the same universe as ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' was made only after successful publication, when the publisher asked for a sequel. Accordingly, ''The Hobbit'' serves both as an introduction to Middle-Earth and as a link between earlier and later events described in ''The Silmarillion'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'', respectively.

Although a fairy tale, the novel is both complex and sophisticated: it contains many names and words derived from Norse mythology, and central plot elements from the ''[[Beowulf]]'' epic, it makes use of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] [[Runes]], information on calendars and moon phases, and detailed geographical descriptions that fit well with the accompanying maps. Near the end, the tale takes on epic proportions.

==Publications and editions==
George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London published the [[The Hobbit 1st edition|first edition of ''The Hobbit'']] on [[21 September]] [[1937]]. It was illustrated with many black-and-white drawings by Tolkien himself. The original printing numbered a mere 1,500 copies and sold out by [[15 December]] that same year due to enthusiastic reviews. Houghton Mifflin of Boston and New York prepared an American edition to be released early in 1938 in which four of the illustrations would be colour plates. Allen & Unwin decided to incorporate the colour illustrations into their second printing, released at the end of 1937.<ref>{{webcite|author=Laura Massey|articleurl=http://www.peterharrington.co.uk/blog/2012/01/identifying-collecting-tolkien-first-editions/|articlename=Identifying & Collecting Tolkien First Editions|dated=9 January 2012|website=[http://www.peterharrington.co.uk/ PeterHarrington.co.uk]|accessed=12 January 2012}}</ref> Despite the book's popularity, wartime conditions forced the London publisher to print small runs of the remaining two printings of the first edition.

As remarked above, Tolkien substantially revised ''The Hobbit'''s text describing Bilbo's dealings with Gollum in order to blend the story better into what ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' had become. This revision became the second edition, published in 1951 in both UK and American editions. Slight corrections to the text have appeared in the third (1966) and fourth editions (1978).

New [[English-language editions of The Hobbit|English-language editions of ''The Hobbit'']] spring up often, despite the book's age, with [[English-language editions of The Hobbit|at least fifty editions]] having been published to date. Each comes from a different publisher or bears distinctive cover art, internal art, or substantial changes in format. The text of each generally adheres to the Allen & Unwin edition extant at the time it is published.

''The Hobbit'' has been translated into many languages. Known languages, with the first date of publishing, are:
{|-
|
* '''[[Wikipedia:Armenian language|Armenian]]''': ''Hobit: Kam Gnaln ou Galû'' (1984)<ref name=AHT>{{HM|AH}}, pp. 387-96</ref>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Breton language|Breton]]''': ''An Hobbit, pe eno ha distro'' (2001)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Belarusian language|Belarusian]]''': Хобiт, або Вандроўка туды i назад (2002)<ref>{{webcite|author=Marek Śliwiński|articleurl=http://www.tolkien.com.pl/hobbit/collection/hobbit-belarusian-2002-1st.php|articlename=Hobbit - Belarusian language|website=[http://www.tolkien.com.pl/hobbit/ Babel Hobbits]|accessed=26 August 2012}}</ref>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]''': ''Bilbo Begins, ili, Dotam i obratno'' (1975); ''Khobit: Bilbo Begins, ili, Dotam i obratno'' (1999)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Catalan language|Catalan]]''': ''El Hòbbit, o, Viatge d'anada i tornada'' (1983)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Chinese language|Chinese]]''': ''Sheau Lihshean Jih'' or ''Xiao Airen Lixian Ji'' (1996); new translations in 2000 and 2001<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Croatian language|Croatian]]''': ''Hobit'' (1994)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Czech language|Czech]]''': ''Hobit, aneb, Cesta tam a zase zpátky'' (1979)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Danish language|Danish]]''': ''Hobbitten, eller, Ud og hjem igen'' (1969)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Dutch language|Dutch]]''': ''De hobbit, of Daarheen en weer terug'' (1960, by [[Max Schuchart]]); ''De hobbit, of Daarheen en weer terug'' (1976; revised transl.)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Esperanto|Esperanto]]''': ''[[La hobito]]'' (2000)
* '''[[Wikipedia:Estonian language|Estonian]]''': ''Kääbik, ehk, Sinna ja tagasi'' (1977)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Faroese language|Faroese]]''': ''Hobbin, ella, Út og heim aftur'' (1990)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Finnish language|Finnish]]''': ''Lohikäärmevuori, eli, Erään hoppelin matka sinne ja takaisin'' (1973); ''Hoitti, eli, Sinne ja takaisin'' (1985)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:French language|French]]''': ''Bilbo le Hobbit, ou, Histoire d'un aller et retour'' (1969)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''Frisian''' (2009){{fact}}
* '''[[Wikipedia:Galician language|Galician]]''': ''O Hobbit'' (2000)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:German language|German]]''': ''Kleiner Hobbit und der grosse Zauberer'' (1957, by [[Walter Scherf]]); rev. transl. in 1971 and 1991); ''Der Hobbit, oder, Hin und zurück'' (1997, by [[Wolfgang Krege]])<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Greek language|Greek]]''': ''Khompit'' (1978)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Hebrew language|Hebrew]]''': ''ha-Hobit, o, Le-sham uva-hazarah'' (1976); ''Hobit'' (1977)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Hungarian language|Hungarian]]''': ''A babó'' (1975)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Icelandic language|Icelandic]]''': ''Hobbit'' (1978); ''Hobbitinn, eða, Út og Heim Aftur'' (1997)<ref name=AHT/>
|
* '''Irish''' (2012){{fact}}
* '''[[Wikipedia:Indonesian language|Indonesian]]''': ''Hobbit'' (1977)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Italian language|Italian]]''': ''Lo Hobbit, o, La riconquista del tesoro'' (1973)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Japanese language|Japanese]]''': ''Hobitto no Bôken'' (1965; rev. transl. in 1983); ''Hobitto, Yukite kaerishi Monogatari'' (1997)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Korean language|Korean]]''': [''The Hobbit''] (1997)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Latin|Latin]]''': ''Hobbitus Ille'' (2012)<ref>{{webcite|author=Benedicte Page|articleurl=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/latin-hobbit-harper.html|articlename=Latin Hobbit for Harper|dated=8 May 2012|website=[http://www.thebookseller.com/ TheBookSeller.com]|accessed=26 August 2012}}</ref>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Latvian language|Latvian]]''': ''Hobits, jeb, Turp un atpakal'' (1991)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]''': ''Hobitas, arba, Ten ir atgal: Apysaka-pasaka'' (1985)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]''': ''Den Hobbit'' (2002)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Marathi language|Marathi]]''': [''The Hobbit''] (2011)<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Pieter Collier]]|articleurl=http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/1011-Interview-marathi-hobbit-publisher-translator.php|articlename=Interview with Nilesh Pashte and Meena Kinikar about The Hobbit in Marathi|dated=25 September 2011|website=TL|accessed=26 August 2012}}</ref>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Moldavian language|Moldavian]]''': ''Hobbitul'' (1987)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Norwegian language|Norwegian]]''': ''Hobbiten, eller, Fram og tilbake igjen'' (1972); ''Hobbiten, eller, Fram og tilbake igjen'' (1997, by [[Nils Ivar Agøy]])
* '''[[Wikipedia:Persian language|Persian]]''': هابيت يا آنجا و بازگشت
(2004);<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/wiwimod/index.php?page=Persian+Hobbit+2004|articlename=Persian Hobbit 2004|dated=|website=Guide|accessed=26 August 2012}}</ref> (in total, 5 different transl.?)<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.ibna.ir/vdcauino.49nuw1gtk4.html|articlename=Iran to celebrate J.R.R. Tolkien’s birthday|dated=4 January 2011|website=[http://www.ibna.ir/en/ Iran Book News Agency]|accessed=26 August 2012}}</ref>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Polish language|Polish]]''': ''Hobbit, czyli, am i z powrotem'' (1960; rev. transl. 1985); ''Hobbit, albo, Tam i z powrotem'' (1997);<ref name=AHT/> [''The Hobbit''] (2002){{fact}}
* '''[[Wikipedia:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]''': ''O gnomo'' (1962); ''O Hobbit'' (1976); ''O Hobbit'' (1985); ''O Hobbit'' (1995)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Romanian language|Romanian]]''': [[O poveste cu un hobbit (1975)|''O poveste cu un hobbit'']] (1975); ''Povestea Unui Hobbit'' (1995)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Russian language|Russian]]''': (1976; 9 different translations total)<ref>[[Mark T. Hooker]], ''[[Tolkien Through Russian Eyes]]''</ref>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Serbian language|Serbian]]''': ''Hobit'' (1975)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Slovak language|Slovak]]''': ''Hobbiti'' (1973)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Spanish language|Spanish]]''': ''El hobito'' (1964); ''El hobbit'' (1982)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Swedish language|Swedish]]''': ''[[Hompen]]'' (1947); ''Bilbo: en hobbits äventyr'' (1962, by [[Britt G. Hallqvist]]);<ref name=AHT/> ''Hobbiten'' (2007, by [[Erik Andersson]]){{fact}}
* '''[[Wikipedia:Thai language|Thai]]''': [''The Hobbit''] (2002)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Turkish language|Turkish]]''': ''Hobbit, Oradayduk ve simdi buradayiz'' (1996); ''Hobbit, Oradayduk ve simdi buradayiz'' (1997)<ref name=AHT/>
* '''[[Wikipedia:Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]''': ''Hobit, abo, Mandrivka za imlysti hory'' (1985)<ref name=AHT/>
|}

==Adaptations==
''The Hobbit'' has been adapted for other media. [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]] broadcast [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' radio drama]], adapted by [[Michael Kilgarriff]], in eight parts (4 hours) from September to November [[1968]], which starred [[Anthony Jackson]] as narrator, [[Paul Daneman]] as Bilbo and [[Heron Carvic]] as Gandalf.

[[Middle-earth]] has been featured in songs notably by [[Enya]] and the [[Brobdingnagian Bards]]. [[Led Zeppelin]]'s songs "Misty Mountain Hop" and "Ramble On" both contain references to Tolkien's mystical world. For ''The Hobbit'' itself, "The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins", performed by [[Leonard Nimoy]] as part of his 1968 ''Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy'' album, is the most pertinent because it recounts the book's storyline in its two minutes. The ballad's music video became a minor Internet meme in the early 2000s when ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|The Lord of the Rings]]'' movies were released.

In 1974, Argo Records released an audio adaption of the Hobbit, with Nicol Williamson providing the voices for all the characters in the book. It was an abridged adaption, as Williamson re-edited the original script, removing many instances of "he said" and so on, preferring instead to rely on his vocal characteristics to convey who was saying what to whom, feeling that this would keep the audience engrossed in the story rather than slowing the overall pace.

An [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|animated version]] of the story debuted as a television movie in the United States in [[1977]].

A [[The_Hobbit_(1985_television_film)|live action television dramatization]] was broadcast on USSR televsion in [[1985]].

[[David T. Wenzel]]'s [[David T. Wenzel's The Hobbit|graphic format adaptation]] of ''The Hobbit'' was published in [[1989]].

Several computer and video games, both official and unofficial, have been based on the story. One of the first was ''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|The Hobbit]]'', a computer game developed in [[1982]] by Beam Software and published by Melbourne House for most computers available at the time, from the more popular computers such as the ZX Spectrum, and the Commodore 64, through to such esoteric computers as the Dragon 32 and Oric computers. By arrangement with publishers, a copy of the novel was included with each game sold.

Vivendi Universal Games published ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit: Prelude to The Lord of the Rings]]'' in 2003 for Windows PCs, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. It is a hack and slash game produced as a prequel to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' video games, but also as a softer version of those two games: less brutal, fewer enemies but with an important platform aspect, the game was designed for smaller children. A similar version of this game was also published for the Game Boy Advance.

Filming on [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]] began in 2011, under the direction of [[Peter Jackson]].

==See also==
*[[The Quest of Erebor]]
*[[English-language editions of The Hobbit]]
*[[:Category:Characters in The Hobbit|Characters in The Hobbit]]
*[[The Hobbit/Quotations|''The Hobbit''/Quotations]]

==External links==
* [http://www.hobbit.ca/Library.html collection of edition covers, 1937–2005]
* [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/html/the_hobbit.htm UK editions of The Hobbit]
* [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/reviews/dutch-de_hobbit.htm Every Dutch edition of The Hobbit]
* [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/translations/hobbits/index.htm Hobbits around the globe - gallery]

{{References}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Hobbit''}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hobbit}}
[[Category:Fiction books]]
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

[[de:Der kleine Hobbit]]
[[fa:هابیت (کتاب)]]
[[fi:Hobitti eli Sinne ja takaisin]]
[[fr:tolkien/biblio/bh]]

The Hobbit (1985 television film)

2012-09-24T18:45:21Z

Marbpl:

{{stub}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit russian television film.png|250px]]
| name=Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита
| director=
| writer=
| narrator=
| starring=Zinovy Gerdt Mikhail Danilov Anatoly Ravikovich Igor Dmitriev 
| music=
| studio=
| released= 1985
| runtime=64 minutes
| country=Soviet Union
| language=Russian
}}
'''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита''' (English: The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) is an unlicensed television film of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' from the Soviet Union. The complete name of the film is ''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита, через дикий край, чёрный лес, за туманные горы. Туда и обратно. По сказочной повести Джона Толкина "Хоббит"''.

This children's film featured Zinovy Gerdt as "the professor" (a narrator stand-in for Tolkien), Mikhail Danilov as Bilbo, Anatoly Ravikovich as Thorin and Igor Dmitriev as Gollum. Smaug and the Spiders were portrayed by puppets. Missing in this version are the Trolls, Elrond, Beorn and the Wood-Elves. The Goblins are human-like with little makeup and were portrayed by dancers from the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (along with the inhabitants of Lake Town).

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 Film on Youtube]
*[http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner Russian Wikipedia article]

The Hobbit (1985 television film)

2012-09-24T18:42:28Z

Marbpl:

{{stub}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit russian television film.png|250px]]
| name=Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита
| director=
| writer=
| narrator=
| starring=Zinovy Gerdt  Anatoly Ravikovich Igor Dmitriev 
| music=
| studio=
| released= 1985
| runtime=64 minutes
| country=Soviet Union
| language=Russian
}}
'''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита''' (English: The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) is an unlicensed television film of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' from the Soviet Union. The complete name of the film is ''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита, через дикий край, чёрный лес, за туманные горы. Туда и обратно. По сказочной повести Джона Толкина "Хоббит"''.

This children's film featured Zinovy Gerdt as "the professor" (a narrator stand-in for Tolkien), Mikhail Danilov as Bilbo, Anatoly Ravikovich as Thorin and Igor Dmitriev as Gollum. Smaug and the Spiders were portrayed by puppets. Missing in this version are the Trolls, Elrond, Beorn and the Wood-Elves. The Goblins are human-like with little makeup and were portrayed by dancers from the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (along with the inhabitants of Lake Town).

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 Film on Youtube]
*[http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner Russian Wikipedia article]

The Hobbit (disambiguation)

2012-09-21T20:30:20Z

Marbpl: corrected 1985 Russian information; not a fan film

'''The Hobbit''' can refer to: __NOTOC__
==Middle-earth==
* [[Hobbits]], the inhabitants of [[The Shire]] and [[Bree]].
* [[Bilbo Baggins]], the hobbit referred to by the title of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' book.

==Books==
* '''''[[The Hobbit]]'', the [[1937]] book by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].'''

==Adaptations==
===Films===
* [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]], a 12 minute adaptation by [[Gene Deitch]].
* [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]], the [[1977]] cartoon adaptation by [[Rankin/Bass]].
* [[The Hobbit (Russian television film)|''The Hobbit'' (Russian television film)]], a [[1985]] Russian television film.
* '''[[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]], directed by [[Peter Jackson]]:'''
** ''[[The Hobbit films|The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'', the [[2012]] film.
** ''[[The Hobbit films|The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', the [[2013]] film.
** ''[[The Hobbit films|The Hobbit: There and Back Again]]'', the [[2014]] film.

===Radio series===
* [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]], a [[BBC]] radio serial based on the book.
* [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]], a [[Mind's Eye]] radio serial based on the book.

===Stage adaptations===
* [[The Hobbit (1967 stage adaptation)|''The Hobbit'' (1967 stage adaptation)]], a New College School musical of the book, authorised and watched by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]].

===Games===
* [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]], a video-game based on the book.
* [[The Hobbit (comic book)|''The Hobbit'' (comic book)]], a graphic novel adaptation of the book by [[David T. Wenzel]].
* ''[[The Hobbit Adventure Boardgame]]'', a [[1994]] board game from [[Iron Crown Enterprises]].
* [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]], a video-game based on the book.

==Miscellaneous==
* [[Hobbit (band)]], one of the oldest Tolkien-themed bands.
* [[The Hobbit (public house)]], a public house in Southampton, England.

{{disambig}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hobbit, The (disambiguation)}}

The Hobbit (1985 television film)

2012-09-21T20:27:27Z

Marbpl: added more information on film

{{stub}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit russian television film.png|250px]]
| name=Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита
| director=
| writer=
| narrator=
| starring=Zinovy Gerdt  Anatoly Ravikovich Igor Dmitriev 
| music=
| studio=
| released= 1985
| runtime=72 minutes
| country=Soviet Union
| language=Russian
}}
'''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита''' (English: The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) is an unlicensed television film of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' from the Soviet Union. The complete name of the film is ''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита, через дикий край, чёрный лес, за туманные горы. Туда и обратно. По сказочной повести Джона Толкина "Хоббит"''.

This children's film featured Zinovy Gerdt as "the professor" (a narrator stand-in for Tolkien), Mikhail Danilov as Bilbo, Anatoly Ravikovich as Thorin and Igor Dmitriev as Gollum. Smaug and the Spiders were portrayed by puppets. Missing in this version are the Trolls, Elrond, Beorn and the Wood-Elves. The Goblins are human-like with little makeup and were portrayed by dancers from the Leningrad State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (along with the inhabitants of Lake Town).

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 Film on Youtube]
*[http://tinyurl.com/6aqxner Translation of Russian Wikipedia article]

The Hobbit (1985 television film)

2012-09-21T20:14:27Z

Marbpl: changed translated word in title

{{stub}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{film infobox
| image=[[File:The Hobbit russian television film.png|250px]]
| name=Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита
| director=
| writer=
| narrator=
| starring=Zinovy Gerdt  Anatoly Ravikovich Igor Dmitriev 
| music=
| studio=
| released= 1985
| runtime=72 minutes
| country=Soviet Union
| language=Russian
}}
'''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита''' (English: The Fairytale Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, The Hobbit) is an unlicensed television film of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' from the Soviet Union. The complete name of the film is ''Сказочное путешествие мистера Бильбо Бэггинса, Хоббита, через дикий край, чёрный лес, за туманные горы. Туда и обратно. По сказочной повести Джона Толкина "Хоббит"''.

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0l3Yr1B50 Youtube]

Forums:Russian Hobbit dramatizations

2012-09-21T20:12:51Z

Marbpl:

Forums:Russian Hobbit dramatizations

2012-09-21T20:10:50Z

Marbpl:

Forums:Russian Hobbit dramatizations

2012-09-21T16:59:45Z

Marbpl:

Forums:Russian Hobbit dramatizations

2012-09-21T13:07:17Z

Marbpl:

Forums:Russian Hobbit dramatizations

2012-09-20T21:33:15Z

Marbpl: Created page with "<div style="background: #eee; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px">'''Tolkien Gateway > Forums > {{PAGENAME}}'''</div> Category:Council..."

The Hobbit

2012-06-04T20:32:15Z

Marbpl:

{{Countdown}}{{disambig-more|The Hobbit|[[The Hobbit (disambiguation)]]}}
{{disambig-more|There and Back Again|[[There and Back Again (disambiguation)]]}}
{{book
|title=The Hobbit
|image=[[Image:The Hobbit (1937).png|225px]]
|author=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
|publisher=[[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]]; [[Houghton Mifflin]]
|date=[[21 September]] [[1937]]; [[1938]]
|format=
|pages=
|isbn=
}}
'''''The Hobbit, or There and Back Again''''', better known as '''''The Hobbit''''', is the first of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien]] published books set within [[Arda]]. It was first published on [[21 September]] [[1937]] by [[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]] in the United Kingdom, and was subsequently followed by the publication of Tolkien's ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' in [[1954]] and [[1955]].

==Plot==
{{hchapters}}
[[Image:Donato Giancola - The Hobbit - Expulsion.jpg|thumb|left|220px|''The Hobbit'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit, is smoking in his porchway one day when Gandalf the Wizard visits him. After a lengthy discussion, during which Bilbo uses the phrase "Good Morning" several times, in several different ways, Bilbo, finding himself flustered, invites Gandalf to tea, and goes back inside his hobbit hole with a final "Good Morning". Gandalf scratches a secret mark on Bilbo's front door, which translated means 'Burglar wants a good job, plenty of excitement and reasonable reward'. Thirteen Dwarves ([[Thorin]], [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Dwalin]], [[Balin]], [[Bifur]], [[Kíli]], [[Fíli]], [[Bofur]], [[Dori]], [[Bombur]], [[Nori]], and [[Ori]]) show up and begin excitedly discussing their planned treasure hunt while the hapless Bilbo provides the obligatory hospitality. After the dwarves clean up their mess, a map is produced and Gandalf arranges for Bilbo to get the burglary job—as well as to break the unlucky number 13. The company's quest: kill [[Smaug]], the [[Dragons|dragon]] who seized the [[Lonely Mountain]] (Erebor) from the Dwarves' forefathers, and, using a secret door into the mountain, recapture it, dividing the riches within its halls.

The next morning, after oversleeping and nearly missing the start of the journey, Bilbo goes off with the Dwarves. They are nearly eaten by three [[Trolls]], but Gandalf tricks the trolls into staying up all night whereupon they are turned into stone by the first light of dawn. (The stone trolls appear later in ''The Lord of the Rings''.) In the troll's cave they find some swords. Bilbo acquires [[Sting]], which glows blue in the presence of [[Orcs|Goblins]] (another name for [[Orcs]]).

The party travels to [[Rivendell]] where they enjoy the hospitality of the [[Elves]], then proceed eastwards towards the [[Misty Mountains]]. There they are ambushed by goblins (Orcs), and carried under the mountain. They run away, and during the escape Bilbo loses the Dwarves. Alone in the dark after running away from the goblins, Bilbo finds a [[The One Ring|ring]] on the floor of a cave passage and puts it into his pocket.

Continuing down, he finds himself at the shore of an underground lake. [[Gollum]] quietly paddles up in his boat, and the two enact the [[Riddle-game]], under the condition that if Bilbo wins, Gollum will show him the way out, but if he loses, Gollum will eat Bilbo. After several [[Riddles]], which each manages to answer, Bilbo, whilst fiddling in his pocket unable to think of a riddle, asks himself aloud "What have I got in my pocket?" Gollum thinks this is supposed to be the next riddle, and as it doesn't comply with the rules of the riddle game, demands three guesses; in the end he fails to guess the answer. Bilbo demands his reward, but Gollum refuses and paddles off in his boat to an island in the lake, upon which he lives. After searching around for a while asking aloud "where is it? wheres my precious!?" to which Bilbo replies, "I don't know and I don't care, I just want to get out of here", Gollum becomes suspicious, gets in his boat, and starts paddling back across the lake towards Bilbo. Gollum is unable to find the one weapon he could use to betray and kill Bilbo, a magic ring that makes its wearer invisible; driven by rage, Gollum starts to realize the real answer to Bilbo's previous question "What have I got in my pocket?". Bilbo realises his life is in mortal danger and makes his escape down the maze of pitch black tunnels, and Gollum gives chase. Bilbo trips, and finds the ring on his finger. Realising he has no chance to escape his pursuer, he stays where he is and prepares to meet his fate, but Gollum runs right over him. Bilbo realises the ring makes him invisible. He manages to escape past Gollum, who has gone to guard the only exit, and finds his way to the surface where he rejoins the Dwarves.

Descending from the [[Misty Mountains]], they survive an encounter with [[Wargs]] (wild wolf creatures) by climbing trees. Eagles rescue them. Then they meet [[Beorn]], a man who can transform into a bear. They depart, having rested for several days. Gandalf leaves soon on an errand. The party traverses the great forest [[Mirkwood]], eventually running out of supplies. Gandalf had warned them not to leave the path, but they saw fire and heard singing, so, hopeless, they leave the path to beg food from [[Elves of Mirkwood|Wood-elves]], only to get lost. They are captured by giant spiders, but Bilbo rescues the Dwarves by becoming invisible and killing many spiders with Sting. Elves then capture the Dwarves and imprison them, but Bilbo manages to sneak into the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]]'s palace unnoticed using the ring; he then helps the Dwarves escape in barrels floated down the river.[[Image:J.R.R. Tolkien - Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves (II).jpg|thumb|200px|''Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves'' by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]]]

After staying for a short period of time at [[Lake-town]], the treasure-seekers proceed to the Lonely Mountain. Finding themselves unable to locate the secret door, the company sit down disconsolate on a cliff. Hearing a thrush knocking on a stone, Bilbo looks up just in time to see the last rays of the Sun of [[Durin's Day]], shining on the cliff wall, to magically reveal the secret door (as was foretold by [[moon-letters]] upon a map that the company was in possession of). Bilbo is sent down to encounter Smaug. The dragon, realising the Company received help from the people of Laketown, sets out to destroy it. However, the thrush that had been knocking on the stone, was no ordinary bird but of an ancient race with whom the men of the lake could communicate, and it had heard Bilbo's report to the dwarves, that Smaug had a bare patch on his belly that could be used to slaughter him, if only you could get close enough. It conveyed this message to one [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]], who seeing the bare patch in the belly of Smaug, despatched the dragon with a single arrow, thus allowing the party of Dwarves to take possession of the treasure.

The citizens of Laketown arrive to make historical claims and demand compensation for the help they had rendered, as well as reparations for the damage Smaug inflicted during his attack. They're joined by the Elves, who also demand a share based on historical claims. The Dwarves refuse all negotiations and in turn summon kin from the north to strengthen their position. Seeing no other way to avert a war, Bilbo uses the ring to steal the prized [[Arkenstone]] from the Dwarves, which he tries to use to broker peace.

Just as [[Thorin]] is refusing a truce and battle is about to begin, the three armies at the Lonely Mountain (Elves, Men and Dwarves) must rally together as they are attacked by [[Orcs|Goblins]] and [[Wargs]] from the Misty Mountains. A bitter battle ensues, named the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. Though suffering heavy losses, Elves, Men and Dwarves prevail. The treasure is apportioned. Bilbo refuses most of the riches, realising he has no way to bring them back home; he nevertheless takes enough with him to make himself a wealthy hobbit and live happily thereafter, unaware of the dangerous nature of his [[The One Ring|ring]].

==Conception==
Tolkien recollects in a 1955 letter to [[W.H. Auden]] (''Letters'', [[Letter 163|no. 163]]) that, in the late 1920s, when he was Professor of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] at [[Pembroke College]], ''The Hobbit'' began when he was marking School Certificate papers, on the back of one of which he wrote the words "In a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit". He did not go any further than that at the time, although in the following years he drew up Thrór's map, outlining the geography of the tale. The tale itself he wrote in the early 1930s, and it was eventually published because he lent it to the Reverend Mother of Cherwell Edge when she was sick with the flu; while the Reverend Mother was in possession of the manuscript, it was seen by the 10-year old son of Sir Stanley Unwin, [[Rayner Unwin]], who wrote such an enthusiastic review of the book that it was published by [[Allen and Unwin]].

Tolkien introduced or mentioned characters and places that figured prominently in his legendarium, specifically [[Elrond]] and [[Gondolin]], along with elements from Germanic legend. But the decision that the events of ''The Hobbit'' could belong to the same universe as ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' was made only after successful publication, when the publisher asked for a sequel. Accordingly, ''The Hobbit'' serves both as an introduction to Middle-Earth and as a link between earlier and later events described in ''The Silmarillion'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'', respectively.

Although a fairy tale, the novel is both complex and sophisticated: it contains many names and words derived from Norse mythology, and central plot elements from the ''[[Beowulf]]'' epic, it makes use of [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] [[Runes]], information on calendars and moon phases, and detailed geographical descriptions that fit well with the accompanying maps. Near the end, the tale takes on epic proportions.

==Inspiration==
During his time as a professor at the [[University of Oxford]] Tolkien studied Anglo-Saxon. One of the Anglo-Saxon pieces of literature he studied is the epic poem ''[[Beowulf]]'', about which he wrote essays such as ''[[The Monsters and the Critics]]''. Interesting parallels can be found between ''The Hobbit'' and ''Beowulf''.

The plots of the two stories are very similar. In both of them a party of 13 sets out to seek satisfaction for a crime committed by a dragon. Both parties contain a thief, which in ''The Hobbit'' is Bilbo, who steals a cup from the sleeping dragon's hoard by using a secret passage. Both dragons then awake from their deep slumber and cause terror and destruction. Both dragons are well protected by their armour, a natural one in ''Beowulf'' and one made of gold and diamonds in ''The Hobbit'', but finally they are killed.

But not only the plots share similarities, both main characters, Bilbo and Beowulf, share characteristics. Both heroes defy their enemies with their supernatural power, which in Bilbo's case is the ring and in Beowulf's case is his supernatural strength. While Beowulf has the help of God, Bilbo often prevails because of his sheer luck. Both are of noble ancestry and both get separated from their group, Bilbo in the mountains, Beowulf when he is captured by Grendel's mother.

Additionally some elements of Anglo-Saxon culture can be found. In both books a king, which in Anglo-Saxon sometimes is called ring or gold giver, awards his warriors with treasures and war gear. In Anglo-Saxon culture poems are important, as they contain the people's history and they are sung by scops. Two of these songs are found in ''Beowulf'' and more in ''The Hobbit''. Tolkien's dwarves particularly mirror Anglo-Saxon society, both in their warrior nature and in their desire for jewelry and war gear. The dwarven writing system, or [[Cirth]], also has clear influences from Anglo-Saxon runic alphabets such as ''Futhark''.

==Publications and editions==
George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London published the [[The Hobbit 1st edition|first edition of ''The Hobbit'']] on [[21 September]] [[1937]]. It was illustrated with many black-and-white drawings by Tolkien himself. The original printing numbered a mere 1,500 copies and sold out by [[15 December]] that same year due to enthusiastic reviews. Houghton Mifflin of Boston and New York prepared an American edition to be released early in 1938 in which four of the illustrations would be colour plates. Allen & Unwin decided to incorporate the colour illustrations into their second printing, released at the end of 1937.<ref>{{webcite|author=Laura Massey|articleurl=http://www.peterharrington.co.uk/blog/2012/01/identifying-collecting-tolkien-first-editions/|articlename=Identifying & Collecting Tolkien First Editions|dated=9 January 2012|website=[http://www.peterharrington.co.uk/ PeterHarrington.co.uk]|accessed=12 January 2012}}</ref> Despite the book's popularity, wartime conditions forced the London publisher to print small runs of the remaining two printings of the first edition.

As remarked above, Tolkien substantially revised ''The Hobbit'''s text describing Bilbo's dealings with Gollum in order to blend the story better into what ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' had become. This revision became the second edition, published in 1951 in both UK and American editions. Slight corrections to the text have appeared in the third (1966) and fourth editions (1978).

New [[English-language editions of The Hobbit|English-language editions of ''The Hobbit'']] spring up often, despite the book's age, with [[English-language editions of The Hobbit|at least fifty editions]] having been published to date. Each comes from a different publisher or bears distinctive cover art, internal art, or substantial changes in format. The text of each generally adheres to the Allen & Unwin edition extant at the time it is published.

''The Hobbit'' has been translated into many languages. Known languages, with the first date of publishing, are:
{|-
|
* Breton (2000)
* Belarusian (2002)
* Bulgarian (1975)
* Catalan (1983)
* Chinese (Traditional characters，1996; new translation 2001)
* Czech (1973)
* Danish (1969)
* Dutch (1960)
* Esperanto (2000, ''[[La hobito]]'')
* Estonian (1977)
* Faroese (1990)
* Finnish (1973)
* French (1969)
* Frisian (2009)
* Galician (2000)
* German (1957; new translation 1997)
* Greek (1978)
* Hebrew (1976)
* Hungarian (1975)
* Icelandic (1978)
|
* Irish (forthcoming)
* Indonesian (1977)
* Italian (1973)
* Japanese (1965)
* Latvia ( 1990)
* Lithuanian (1985)
* Norwegian (1972)
* Persian (1383 = 2004)
* Polish (1960; new translations 1997 and 2002)
* Portuguese (1962)
* Romanian (1975, [[O poveste cu un hobbit (1975)|''O poveste cu un hobbit'']])
* Russian (1976: [[Tolkien Through Russian Eyes | 9 different translations total]])
* Serbo-Croatian (1975)
* Slovak (1973)
* Spanish (1964)
* Swedish (1947, ''[[Hompen]]''; new translation 1962)
* Thai (2002)
* Turkish (1996)
* Ukrainian (1985)
|}

==Adaptations==
''The Hobbit'' has been adapted for other media. [[BBC|BBC Radio 4]] broadcast [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' radio drama]], adapted by [[Michael Kilgarriff]], in eight parts (4 hours) from September to November [[1968]], which starred [[Anthony Jackson]] as narrator, [[Paul Daneman]] as Bilbo and [[Heron Carvic]] as Gandalf.

[[Middle-earth]] has been featured in songs notably by [[Enya]] and the [[Brobdingnagian Bards]]. [[Led Zeppelin]]'s songs "Misty Mountain Hop" and "Ramble On" both contain references to Tolkien's mystical world. For ''The Hobbit'' itself, "The Ballad of Bilbo Baggins", performed by [[Leonard Nimoy]] as part of his 1968 ''Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy'' album, is the most pertinent because it recounts the book's storyline in its two minutes. The ballad's music video became a minor Internet meme in the early 2000s when ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy|The Lord of the Rings]]'' movies were released.

In 1974, Argo Records released an audio adaption of the Hobbit, with Nicol Williamson providing the voices for all the characters in the book. It was an abridged adaption, as Williamson re-edited the original script, removing many instances of "he said" and so on, preferring instead to rely on his vocal characteristics to convey who was saying what to whom, feeling that this would keep the audience engrossed in the story rather than slowing the overall pace.

An [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|animated version]] of the story debuted as a television movie in the United States in [[1977]].

A live action television dramatization was broadcast on USSR televsion in 1985.

The [[David T. Wenzel's The Hobbit|"Graphic Novel" adaptation of ''The Hobbit'']] by [[David T. Wenzel]] is one of the most successful graphic format adaptations of a piece of classic literature.

Several computer and video games, both official and unofficial, have been based on the story. One of the first was ''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|The Hobbit]]'', a computer game developed in [[1982]] by Beam Software and published by Melbourne House for most computers available at the time, from the more popular computers such as the ZX Spectrum, and the Commodore 64, through to such esoteric computers as the Dragon 32 and Oric computers. By arrangement with publishers, a copy of the novel was included with each game sold.

Vivendi Universal Games published ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit: Prelude to The Lord of the Rings]]'' in 2003 for Windows PCs, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. It is a hack and slash game produced as a prequel to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' video games, but also as a softer version of those two games: less brutal, fewer enemies but with an important platform aspect, the game was designed for smaller children. A similar version of this game was also published for the Game Boy Advance.

Filming on [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]] began in 2011, under the direction of [[Peter Jackson]].

==See also==
*[[The Quest of Erebor]]
*[[English-language editions of The Hobbit]]
*[[:Category:Characters in The Hobbit|Characters in The Hobbit]]
*[[The Hobbit/Quotations|''The Hobbit''/Quotations]]

==External links==
* [http://www.hobbit.ca/Library.html collection of edition covers, 1937–2005]
* [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/html/the_hobbit.htm Every UK edition of The Hobbit]
* [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/reviews/dutch-de_hobbit.htm Every Dutch edition of The Hobbit]
* [http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/translations/hobbits/index.htm Hobbits around the globe - gallery]

{{References}}

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[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
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