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The Lord of the Rings: War in the North

2025-10-23T14:51:55Z

Morgondir: minor grammatical changes

{{expansion}}
{{video game infobox
| image = WITN-boxart.png
| name=''The Lord of the Rings: War in the North''
| developer=[[wikipedia:Snowblind Studios|Snowblind Studios]], [[wikipedia:Feral Interactive|Feral Interactive]] ([[wikipedia:OS X|Mac OS X]])<ref name="Mac version announcement">[http://www.feralinteractive.com/en/ Feral Interactive], "[http://www.feralinteractive.com/en/news/384/ Feral Interactive news feed - Lord of the Rings: War in the North game announcement]", dated [[18 September|September 18]] [[2013]]</ref>
| publisher=[[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]], [[wikipedia:Feral Interactive|Feral Interactive]] ([[wikipedia:OS X|Mac OS X]])<ref name="Mac version announcement" />
| platform=[[wikipedia:PlayStation 3|PlayStation 3]], [[wikipedia:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]] and [[wikipedia:Xbox 360|Xbox 360]]<ref name="Gamespot-06-10">[http://www.youtube.com/user/gamespot Gamespot], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmg6GgkrtnU&feature=related Interview with Ryan Geithman], dated [[10 June]], [[2010]] (accessed [[5 July]], [[2011]])</ref>[[wikipedia:OS X|Mac OS X]]<ref name="Mac version announcement" />
| releasedate=[[1 November]] [[2011]] (North America),<ref name="FAQ Regions Release">[http://www.warinthenorth.com/ War in the North], [http://www.warinthenorth.com/the-game/support/faq FAQ], What is the release date of The Lord of the Rings: War in the North for my region? (accessed [[9 November|November 9]], [[2011]])</ref> 
for other regions, see [[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North#Release|Release]].
| genre=Action, role-playing game
| modes=Single player, two/three-player co-operative, online<ref name="Product Announcement"/>
| rating=[[wikipedia:Entertainment Software Rating Board|ESRB]]: M<ref name="Kotaku Party">[http://kotaku.com Kotaku], "[http://kotaku.com/5566672/lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north-eyes+on-impressions-a-party-of-three ''Lord of the Rings: War in the North'' Eyes-On Impressions: A Party of Three], dated [[17 June|June 17]], [[2010]] (accessed [[5 February|February 5]], [[2011]])</ref>
| distribution=
}}
'''''The Lord of the Rings: War in the North''''' (commonly abbreviated to '''WITN''') is a role-playing video-game developed by [[wikipedia:Snowblind Studios|Snowblind Studios]] and published by [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]] for [[wikipedia:PlayStation 3|PlayStation 3]], [[wikipedia:Xbox 360|Xbox 360]] and [[wikipedia:Microsoft Windows|Windows]]. The game takes place during the [[War of the Ring]] but adapts the seldom-mentioned battles that took place across [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion]]. The game was released between [[1 November]] and [[25 November]] [[2011]].<ref name="FAQ Regions Release"/>

The [[wikipedia:OS X|Mac OS X]] version of the game was developed and published by [[wikipedia:Feral Interactive|Feral Interactive]] and released on [[18 September]] [[2013]].<ref name="Mac version announcement" />

The game is based on both the books and the films.<ref name="sourceE">[http://www.gamefront.com/ Gamefront], [http://www.gamefront.com/gdc-11-war-in-the-north-hands-on/ GDC 11 – War in the North Hands-on], dated [[10 March]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[6 July]], [[2011]])</ref>

Although the game includes familiar locations from [[Middle-earth]] it does not revolve around the core story of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''; instead, it creates an original tale.<ref name="Dev Interview1">[http://www.atomicmpc.com.au Atomic MPC], "[http://www.atomicmpc.com.au/Feature/242441,lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north-dev-interview.aspx/1 Lord of the Rings: War in the North dev interview, page 1]", dated [[22 December|December 22]] [[2010]] (accessed [[5 February|February 5]], [[2011]])</ref> The player controls his own fellowship, a trio of fighters - [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], a [[Dúnedain|Dúnadan]] "[[Ranger of the North]]," [[Andriel]], an [[Elves|elven]] "Loremaster of [[Rivendell]]"<ref group="note">In early development the human was a mage and the Elf a ranger, but this was changed on a later stage.</ref> and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]], a [[Dwarves|dwarvern]] "Champion of Erebor" - to get behind enemy lines and have to stop [[Agandaûr]], the game's antagonist, before his plan succeeds.

==Plot==
===Prologue===
The game starts with an introduction, narrated by [[Gandalf]]. Gandalf explains that heroes like [[Aragorn]], [[Frodo Baggins]] and Gandalf are honoured much, but that without a few, not well-known heroes - [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] - the north of [[Middle-earth]] would have been lost.<ref name="Prologue">The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, ''Prologue''</ref>

The game then switches to [[Bree]], where the three heroes make their way to the [[Prancing Pony]], just a few days before Frodo arrives in Bree. Arrived in the Prancing Pony, they find [[Aragorn]] in a corner of the inn. They tell Aragorn that the [[Nazgûl]] attacked and defeated the [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] at [[Sarn Ford]], and a flashback shown in which the [[Witch-king]] meets a [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]], [[Agandaûr]]. Eradan, Andriel and Farin overhear their conversation: Agandaûr says he has summoned an army of [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] and assembled an army in [[Fornost]], to aid the [[Nazgûl]] in the Hunt of the Ring. The Witch-king sends Agandaûr back to Fornost, so he can attack immediately. The flashback ends, and the game returns to the Prancing Pony<ref name="Prologue"/>

Farin asks Aragorn why the [[Nazgûl]] attack [[the Shire]], to which he answers that [[Frodo Baggins|a Hobbit]] with [[The One Ring|an important burden]] is making his way to Bree. And that this "must be protected at all cost". Aragorn sends Eradan, Andriel and Farin to Fornost, where they have to stop [[Agandaûr]]'s army before it can attack.<ref name="Prologue"/>

===Chapter 1: Fornost===
[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Beleram & Orcs.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Beleram]] - captured by [[Orcs]] and [[Goblins]] - in [[Fornost]].]]As soon as Eradan, Andriel and Farin enter the ruins of Fornost they are attacked by a band of [[Orcs]] and [[Goblins]]. After clearing the main gate, they end up in the pits under Fornost. There they hear an animal screaming. After finding their way out of the pits, they find the source of the noise - a [[Eagles|giant Eagle]]. The three heroes unchain the Eagle and kill its jailers. The Eagle introduces himself as [[Beleram]], a servant of [[Gwaihir]] who gathered news but was taken out of the air by siege engines and sorcerers. Together the Eagle and the three heroes make a plan: while Beleram would attract the enemy's attention, Eradan, Andriel and Farin would make their way up to the battlements to destroy the siege weapons.<ref>The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Main Gate''</ref> The plan works out successfully, as all siege weapons as well as two Orc sorcerers are destroyed.<ref>The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Battlements''</ref> The player, furthermore, obtains a scroll with unreadable text.<ref name="Cult">The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, ''Cult of the Lidless Eye''</ref>

When reaching the outer wards of Fornost, the players meet again with Beleram. The eagle thanks his rescuers again and tells them that he saw [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]] within the ruins. While searching for the two [[Half-elves]], they defeat a giant crossbow, used by [[Orcs]], and are trapped by a Troll. Just shortly after the death of the Troll, the sons of [[Elrond]] appear.<ref>The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Outer Wards''</ref>

[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Eradan, Andriel & Farin2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] and [[Andriel]].]]Andriel introduces Eradan and Farin to Elladan and Elrohir, and informs them about their task. They collaborate in this task, but instead of just stopping the army to attack they decide to kill Agandaûr. The sons of Elrond guide the player to the citadel. They separate, however, after defeating another giant crossbow. Eventually, they are locked on a bridge between two gates. After surviving an ambush, the sons of Elrond appear again and open the gate.<ref>The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Inner Wards''</ref> After defeating another ambush, they arrive at the gate of the citadel, which is protected by a magic spell to stop intruders. While the sons of Elrond undo the magic, the player defends them against an attacking force of Orcs, Goblins and a Troll. As Eradan, Andriel, Farin, Elrohir and Elladan enter the citadel, Beleram remains outside to protect them against enemy reinforcements.<ref>The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, Chapter 1: Fornost, ''The Citadel''</ref>

Inside, they overhear a conversation between Agandaûr and [[Tharzog]], chieftain of the [[Orcs]] of [[Mount Gram]]. Tharzog tells Agandaûr that there are intruders in Fornost, after which Agandaûr angrily commands him to find and kill them immediately. After Agandaûr leaves, the player and the sons of Elrond go onward in the tower. Tharzog, however, notices them and as a gate is closed, the player is cut off from the sons of Elrond. Tharzog and his guard attack Eradan, Andriel and Farin, but are defeated and killed.<ref name="Citadel Tower">The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, Chapter 1: Fornost, ''Citadel Tower''</ref>

At the same time, Elladan and Elrohir fight Agandaûr on the top of the Citadel tower. Agandaûr is no match for the twins alone, but when Eradan, Andriel and Farin join them he flees on the back of a [[Fell beast]]. Beleram attempts to chase him, but Agandaûr summons a thunderstorm and escapes.<ref name="Citadel Tower"/>

Beleram returns to Gwaihir, in the [[Misty Mountains]], to inform him about the events in Fornost, Elladan and Elrohir return to [[Rivendell]] and Eradan, Andriel and Farin go back to Sarn's Ford to inform Halbarad.<ref name="Citadel Tower"/>

===Chapter 2: The Barrow Downs===

The leader of the camp, [[Halbarad]], sends the party to [[Rivendell]], to report on the events at Fornost to [[Aragorn]]. As they are to travel through the [[Barrow-downs|Barrow Downs]], Halbarad asks them to keep an eye out for two rangers, Luin and Kilaran, who went missing in the area. Traversing the Barrow Downs, Eradan, Andriel and Farin encounter many wights as they fight their way through the tombs, following ranger clues into Amon Gorthad, the Great Barrow. There, they find Kilaran ensnared in nightmares. Luin has fallen to a great wight, controlling him, and they must defeat him to make their way out and finally head to [[Rivendell]].<ref name="sourceF">[http://www.oxmonline.com/ Official Xbox Magazine Online], [http://www.oxmonline.com/article/previews/g-l/lord-rings-war-north The Lord of the Rings: War in the North], dated [[28 April]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> The fellowship travels through the Barrow Downs, where they have to find two lost rangers.<ref name="sourceF"/>

===Chapter 3: Ettenmoors===

[[File:LOTR-WITN-Agandaur2.png|thumb|200px|[[Agandaûr]], the game's main antagonist.]]In [[Rivendell]] the fellowship meets several members of the [[Council of Elrond]],<ref name="sourceF"/> scout the land around Rivendell,<ref name="sourceG">[http://www.atomicmpc.com.au/ Atomic Maximum Power Computing], [http://www.atomicmpc.com.au/Feature/242441,lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north-dev-interview.aspx/1 Lord of the Rings: War in the North dev interview], dated [[22 December]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> and fight [[Orcs]] with [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]].

===Chapter 4: Gundabad===

Whilst the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] travels towards [[Mordor]] to destroy [[the One Ring]], [[Sauron]] has sent one of his most cruel servants, the [[Black Númenóreans|Black Númenórean]] [[Agandaûr]], to the North to destroy [[Rivendell]] and defeat the [[Free peoples]] of [[Eriador]] and [[Rhovanion]]. Eradan, Andriel and Farin travel to [[Gundabad]] to discover the strength of Agandaûr's army.<ref name="Gundabadtrailer">[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos The Lord of the Rings: War of the North's Official Site], Media, Videos, Gameplay Video: Mount Gundabad, dated [[5 May]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[20 June]], [[2011]])</ref>

===Chapter 5: Mirkwood===

Eradan, Andriel and Farin travel with Beleram to [[Mirkwood]] in search of [[Radagast]]. In the air they’re attacked by Wolfram, a sorcerer and a [[Fell Beast]] rider, after which they fall from the Eagle’s back. After slaying Wolfram, Wolfram’s Fell Beast tries to escape but is killed by Beleram. Andriel leads the others deeper into Mirkwood. They are ambushed by a group of Orcs and an Orc shaman. Eventually the fellowship enter a cave where they defeat a [[Cave-trolls|Cave-troll]].<ref name="sourceJ">[http://www.middleearthcenter.com/ Middle-earth Center], [http://www.middleearthcenter.com/2010/09/war-in-the-north-gameplay-demo-at-pax/ War in the North Gameplay Trailer at PAX], dated [[6 September]], [[2010]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref>

==Gameplay==
{{blockquote|Developed in association with Middle-earth Enterprises, The Lord of the Rings: War in the North explores both original and familiar narrative elements as Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment holds the rights to develop video games based on both the literary and motion picture content from The Lord of the Rings. Breaking new ground as a mature RPG video game set in Middle-earth, The Lord of the Rings: War in the North advances the RPG paradigm through innovative online, interdependent co-op play for up to three players who form their own Fellowship to fight Sauron’s forces in the North. In The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, players can become the heroes in the great battle of the North as part of the epic War of the Ring. Exploring unseen lands, story elements and characters from Middle-earth as well as elements familiar from past feature films, gamers will experience extensive character customization and development, expansive co-op gameplay options and upgradeable weapons, skills and special abilities.|[[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]], product announcement<ref name="Product Announcement">[http://www.warinthenorth.com War in the North], "[http://www.warinthenorth.com/forums/showthread.php?7-Product-Announcement Product Announcement]", dated [[17 March|March 17]], [[2010]] (accessed [[5 February|February 5]], [[2011]])</ref>}}

Commentators have noted that this is the first iteration of ''The Lord of the Rings''-based games which is aimed at an older audience - predicted to be the first game in the series to be given an M-rating - with the inclusion of graphic violence and gory bloody detail<ref name="Kotaku Throats">[http://kotaku.com Kotaku], "[http://kotaku.com/5563563/lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-norths-e3-trailer Lord Of The Rings: War In The North Is Cutting Throats, Taking Names], dated [[14 June|June 14]], [[2010]] (accessed [[6 February|February 6]], [[2011]])</ref> with players being able to decapitate orcs and slash limbs off enemies.<ref name="Kotaku Blood">[http://kotaku.com Kotaku], "[http://kotaku.com/5622861/there-will-be-orc-blood-in-lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north There Will Be Orc Blood In Lord of the Rings: War in the North]", dated [[27 August|August 27]], [[2010]] (accessed [[6 February|February 6]], [[2011]])</ref> When defeating enemies you can gain experience and loot. With experience you can gain new skills; there are twenty skills for each race.<ref name="sourceE"/> Every skill has five different ranks. Loot can also be found in chests. Some items can only be used by a certain race, therefore it is possible to trade with the other characters of your fellowship.<ref name="sourceH"/> The gameplay - in both single and multiplayer modes - revolves around strategically combining the different abilities of the threesome to good effect, for instance, the dwarf can find treasure and spot weaknesses in structures, which lead to alternate roads,<ref name="sourceJ"/> whereas the elf can find herbs to heal other party members. When in single-player, the other two characters will be controlled by computer AI.<ref name="Kotaku Party"/> Working together with the other characters of your fellowship is very important to defeat stronger enemies.

[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Aragorn, Eradan, Andriel and Farin in the Prancing Pony.png|thumb|200px|[[Aragorn]], [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]] at [[the Prancing Pony]].]] It is possible to co-op (cooperative mode) both local and online;<ref name="sourceE"/> players can join the game at every moment.<ref name="sourceH">[http://www.youtube.com/user/The1neRing The One Ring], [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tk1OIy6Z8Ak&feature=related Lord of the Rings: War in the North Dev Interview at PAX], dated [[1 December]], [[2010]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> While the Xbox 360 and the PlayStation 3 support split-screen, online split-screen and online multiplayer, the PC only includes online multiplayer.<ref name="sourceK">[http://asia.gamespot.com/?tag=header%3Blogo Gamespot Asia], [http://asia.gamespot.com/pc/rpg/the-lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north/news.html?sid=6296919&mode=previews The Lord of the Rings: War in the North Q&A], dated [[31 January]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[6 July]], [[2011]])</ref>

The game will not be open world, nevertheless, some areas will be more open than others.<ref name="sourceB">[http://www.youtube.com/user/gamereactorTV Game Reactor TV], [ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfDfuN-8Bjo&feature=related Interview with Ian Scott], dated [[16 October]], [[2010]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> It is still unknown if it is possible to return to earlier locations. There will be several NPC's (Non-playable characters) in the game, some of them will have a more passive role while others fight beside you.<ref name="sourceG"/> Like many RPGs, the dialogue system is very important, and affects the game's storyline.<ref name="sourceE"/>

If you are in need of help you can call the eagle Beleram, who can help you to defeat bigger or stronger enemies. Calling him is limited in the beginning, but while leveling you can find items which make it possible to call him. It is impossible to call Beleram underground or in buildings and there is a cool down for using him.<ref name="sourceD">[http://www.gamespot.com/?tag=header%3Blogo Gamespot], [http://www.gamespot.com/ps3/rpg/the-lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north/video/6315977/the-lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north--ruth-tomandl-interview The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Ruth Tomandl Interview (PlayStation 3)], dated [[1 June]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref>

==Featured Characters==

===Playable Characters===

[[File:2011-12-23 00017.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]].]]
* '''[[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]]:''' Eradan is a Dúnadan and one of the Rangers that accompanied Aragorn as the [[Grey Company]]. He is very good at tracking enemies and fights with a sword and a bow. He can move undetected behind enemies with his skill ''evasion''.<ref name="sourceK"/>
* '''[[Andriel]]:''' Andriel is an Elf of Rivendell and was sent by [[Elrond]] to investigate [[Sauron]]'s armies that were gathering in Eriador and Rhovanion. One of her abilities can create a shield that protects her and the other characters of the fellowship against ranged attacks. She can use her staff as both a melee and a ranged weapon.<ref name="sourceK"/>
* '''[[Farin (video game character)|Farin]]:''' Farin is a dwarf of Erebor that has travelled to Eriador to repay his debt to [[Bilbo Baggins]]. He can be used as a tank and his strength is in battle with enemies in close quarters.<ref name="sourceK"/> His main weapon is an axe, but he uses a cross-bow as his ranged weapon.<ref name="sourceJ"/>

===Non-Playable Characters===
[[File:Gandalf in LOTR- War in the North-1.png|thumb|200px|[[Gandalf]] in [[Rivendell]].]]
*[[Aragorn]]<ref name="Dev Interview">[http://www.atomicmpc.com.au Atomic MPC], "[http://www.atomicmpc.com.au/Feature/242441,lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north-dev-interview.aspx/2 Lord of the Rings: War in the North dev interview, page 2]", dated [[22 December|December 22]] [[2010]] (accessed [[5 February|February 5]], [[2011]])</ref>
*[[Beleram]]
*[[Elrond]]<ref name="Dev Interview"/>
*[[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]]<ref name="Dev Interview"/>
*[[Halbarad]]<ref name="Dev Interview"/>
*[[Radagast]]<ref name="Dev Interview"/>
*[[Gandalf]]
*[[Barliman Butterbur]]
*[[Witch-king]]

===Cast===
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Actor !! Role
|-
| Ike Amadi ||
|-
| Laura Bailey || [[Andriel]]<ref>{{webcite|author=Laura Bailey|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=172161796208263&id=108182695882093|articlename=Untitled|dated=2 November 2011|website=www.facebook.com|accessed=February 14, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[Steven Jay Blum|Steve Blum]] ||
|-
| John Cygan ||
|-
| Christine Dunford ||
|-
| [[Chris Edgerly]] || [[Aragorn]]
|-
| [[Crispin Freeman]] || [[Legolas]]
|-
| Grant Goodeve ||
|-
| Richard Horvitz || [[Adalgar Oldbank]]
|-
| [[Kim Mai Guest]] ||
|-
| [[Jennifer Hale]] || Idona Bellflower
|-
| Peter Jessop ||
|-
| [[Bob Joles]] || [[Gimli]]
|-
| [[Tom Kane]] || [[Gandalf]]<ref name="voices"/>
|-
| Eric Lopez ||
|-
| [[Yuri Lowenthal]] || [[Frodo Baggins]]/Glorhirin<ref name="voices"/>
|-
| John Patrick Lowrie || [[Beleram]]/Galar<ref>{{webcite|author=John Patrick Lowrie|articleurl=http://johnpatricklowrie.com/about.html|articlename=About John|website=johnpatricklowrie.com|accessed=February 14, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| Mike Madeoy ||
|-
| [[Jim Meskimen]] ||
|-
| [[Oliver Muirhead]] || [[Otto Aster]]/[[Luin]]
|-
| [[Nolan North]] || [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]]/Nordri<ref name="voices">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/news/35-game-info/644-qaa-the-voices-of-war-in-the-north|articlename=Q&A: The Voices of War in the North|dated=20 July 2011|website=www.warinthenorth.com|accessed=February 14, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[Liam O'Brien]] || [[Elladan]] & [[Elrohir]]<ref>{{webcite|author=Alexa Ray Corriea|articleurl=http://www.dualshockers.com/2011/12/01/naruto-catherine-voice-actor-liam-obrien-talks-vo-direction-script-adaptation/|articlename=Naruto, Catherine Voice Actor Liam O’Brien Talks VO, Direction, Script Adaptation|dated=11 December 2011|website=www.dualshockers.com|accessed=February 14, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| John Olson ||
|-
| [[Jim Piddock]] || [[Bilbo Baggins]]/[[Elrond]]
|-
| [[Phil Proctor]] || [[Radagast]]
|-
| Keith Szarabajka ||
|-
| Fred Tatasciore || [[Agandaur]]
|-
| [[Courtenay Taylor]] || [[Arwen]]<ref>{{webcite|author=Courtenay Taylor|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=246668622060131&id=165300733615|articlename=It's good to be a half-elf|dated=23 November 2011|website=www.facebook.com|accessed=February 14, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| Jen Taylor ||
|-
| Paula Tiso ||
|}

==Featured Locations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|thumb|200px|Concept art of [[Rivendell]].]]
*[[Ettenmoors]]<ref name="Kotaku Blood"/>
*[[Mirkwood]]<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/locations The Lord of the Rings: War of the North's Official Site], Locations (accessed at [[6 February]], [[2011]])</ref>
*[[Rivendell]]<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos The Lord of the Rings: War of the North's Official Site], Media, Videos, The Black Númenórean, dated [[1 February]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[6 February|February 6]], [[2011]])</ref>
*[[Carn Dûm]]<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos The Lord of the Rings: War of the North's Official Site], Media, Videos, Behind the Scenes: The Untold Story, dated [[17 February]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[20 June]], [[2011]]</ref>
*[[Sarn Ford]]<ref>[http://www.gamefront.com/ Gamefront], [http://www.gamefront.com/gdc-11-war-in-the-north-hands-on/ GDC 11 – War in the North Hands-on], dated [[10 March]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[23 June]], [[2011]])</ref>
*[[Gundabad]]<ref name="Gundabadtrailer"/>
*[[Barrow Downs]]<ref>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos The Lord of the Rings: War in the North's Official Site], Media, Videos, Dev Video: Art Direction Process, dated [[11 May]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[20 June]], [[2011]])</ref>
*[[Bree]]<ref name="Heroes Will Rise Trailer">[http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/media/videos The Lord of the Rings: War in the North's Official Site], Media, Videos, Heroes Will Rise, dated [[1 June]], [[2011]] (accessed at [[20 June]], [[2011]])</ref>
*[[Fornost]]<ref name="Heroes Will Rise Trailer"/>
* Nordinbad
*[[Osgiliath]]
*[[Lothlórien|Lórien]]

[[File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Osgiliath.png|thumb|150px|Concept art of [[Osgiliath]].]]

==Development==

Development on War in the North started in early [[2010]] or late [[2009]], [[Middle-earth Enterprises|Saul Zaentz Company]] claimed the name ''The Lord of the Rings: War in the North'' in [[June]] 2009.<ref>[http://www.cinemablend.com/games/ Cinema Blend], [http://www.cinemablend.com/games/Lord-Of-The-Rings-War-In-The-North-Revealed-18358.html Lord Of The Rings: War In The North Revealed], dated [[28 June]], [[2009]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> However, the game was not officially announced until [[18 March]] 2011.<ref>[http://www.cinemablend.com/games/ Cinema Blend], [http://www.cinemablend.com/games/Lord-of-the-Rings-War-in-the-North-Announced-For-PS3-Xbox-360-PC-23485.html Lord of the Rings: War in the North Announced For PS3, Xbox 360 and PC], dated [[18 March]], [[2010]] (accessed at [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref> Since its announcement several [[:Category:Images from The Lord of the Rings: War in the North|images]], [[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North#Traillers|traillers]] and concept art of several locations and characters has been released.

===Continuity issues===
''War in the North'' is considered to be a tie-in to Peter Jackson's film adaptations of ''The Lord of the Rings''. But since this game was developed before the [[The Hobbit (film series)|film adaptations]] of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' entered production, ''War in the North'' features minor continuity errors in relation to those movies.

Elrond summarizes the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] as it is described in the novel; with [[Azog]] perishing during the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] at the hands of Dain Ironfoot. However, in the movies, Azog survives that battle, but was killed many years later by [[Thorin Oakenshield]] at the Battle of Five Armies.

The winged fire-drake [[Úrgost]] is depicted as having four legs and a separate pair of wings, as with most traditional depictions of Western dragons. This contradicts the movies' portrayal of [[Smaug]], who is depicted in ''The Hobbit'' film trilogy as having wings attached to his forelegs like a wyvern (though Smaug was originally intended to have separate wings as well, as shown in the theatrical cut of ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'').

== Trailers ==
<center><youtube>_gP-_r27n9Y</youtube></center>

Since the first announcement in March 2010, Warner Bros. has periodically released trailers demonstrating various aspects of the gameplay and revealing the characters and locations. All video links are to [[wikipedia:YouTube|YouTube]], and times are in minutes:

<table class="TGtable" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0 auto;"><tr><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Video'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Length'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Release Date'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Description'''</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0pwTB8Q7S0 Unite Your Fellowship]</td><td>1:03</td><td>17 March 2010</td><td>Teaser trailer; short clips of action and trolls</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKStFFNaYtk E3 2010 Trailer]</td><td>1:03</td><td>10 June 2010</td><td></td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=is_pfU9aEcU Extended Fellowship Trailer]</td><td>1:34</td><td>12 August 2010</td><td>Expanded version of teaser trailer</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HihZA3tqe-Q War in the North @ PAX 2010]</td><td>1:22</td><td>c. September 2010</td><td>Coverage of [[wikipedia:Penny Arcade Expo#PAX Prime 2010|Penny Arcade Expo]] [[2010]] exhibit</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDnwgqLiLFs Untold Story]</td><td>1:22</td><td>17 November 2010</td><td>Outline of plot with various shots of locations</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6k1WUJj5IgU Snowblind Tolkien Toast 2011]</td><td>1:22</td><td>3 January 2011</td><td>No gameplay; Snowblind's [[Birthday Toast#Tolkien Society tradition|birthday toast]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8E9I_9YY4s The Black Númenórean]</td><td>1:59</td><td>1 February 2011</td><td>Exploration of [[Agandaûr]], the game's antagonist</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmuewonJQ04 Behind the Scenes: The Untold Story]</td><td>2:38</td><td>17 February 2011</td><td>Outline of the several locations of the game</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNOAPFrUQ6I Brutal Combat Trailer]</td><td>1:35</td><td>9 March 2011</td><td>Coverage of The War in the North's combat gameplay</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwCJYeNBSV8 Pax East Hands-On]</td><td>0:52</td><td>16 March 2011</td><td>Coverage of [[wikipedia:Penny Arcade Expo#PAX East 2011|Penny Arcade Expo]] [[2011]] exhibit</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXPDZanJO4o Blood and Steel: The Combat of War in the North]</td><td>2:33</td><td>31 March 2011</td><td>Exploration of game's combat and [[Middle-earth]]'s darker side</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Upa4XNEkGac Combat Vignette]</td><td>0:44</td><td>13 April 2011</td><td>Gameplay vignette covering the different combat styles</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFsfq_CiCsc Gameplay Video: Mount Gundabad]</td><td>2:28</td><td>5 May 2011</td><td>Exploration of the gameplay in [[Gundabad]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftN5lcwLCAg Snowblind Studio Tour]</td><td>2:42</td><td>11 May 2011</td><td>No gameplay; A guide through Snowblind's studio</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKu_v_NH7Ro Dev Video: Art Direction Process]<td>2:09</td><td>11 May 2011</td><td>Coverage of art, including concept art of several locations</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZoCGgyJFXU Prepare for War: Weapon Development]</td><td>2:01</td><td>12 May 2011</td><td>Coverage of weapons</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2YTAhYUzMz4 Heroes will Rise]</td><td>1:36</td><td>1 June 2011</td><td>Teaser trailer</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d117As-YYU8 Beleram Gameplay Trailer]</td><td>0:48</td><td>22 June 2011</td><td>Exploration of [[Beleram]], one of the games’ main characters</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ksRj9JUoEmc Behind the Scenes with new heroes]</td><td>2:14</td><td>24 June 2011</td><td>Coverage of some of the several characters</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QKeawNFowM E3 Walkthrough]</td><td>2:34</td><td>1 July 2011</td><td>Walkthrough of the game at [[wikipedia:Electronic Entertainment Expo|Electronic Entertainment Expo]] (E3)</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYbdkAIpE1s The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Movie Touchpoints Trailer]</td><td>2:04</td><td>7 July 2011</td><td>Game trailers; uses fragments from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCQ_yFKD0Vg The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Fellowship Trailer]</td><td>2:00</td><td>20 July 2011</td><td>Teaser trailer</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.warinthenorth.com/champions/ The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - Champions Trailer]</td><td></td><td>August 2011</td><td>Interactive trailer</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA3XbulIiEg I Love The Lord of the Rings: Dev Video with Jason Olander]</td><td>2:34</td><td>8 September 2011</td><td>A dev video with Jason Olander, who tells about his love for [[The Lord of the Rings]] and how it applies at his work</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2hcwd_CbRI Power of Three]</td><td>1:35</td><td>23 September 2011</td><td>Cinematic trailer focussing on the main characters: [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrUlKRvzWrs Behind the Scenes - Power of Three]</td><td>2:34</td><td>29 September 2011</td><td>Focusses on the three main characters, [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], [[Andriel]] and [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]]. Also covers co-up and introduces Challenge mode for the first time</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JipmtK2bD0E Eradan Character Vignete]</td><td>1:48</td><td>18 October</td><td>Trailer totally dedicated to [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]], the [[Dúnedain|Dúnadan]]/[[Men|Human]] character</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eL-IHf4wB3w Farin Character Vignete]</td><td>1:48</td><td>21 October 2011</td><td>Trailer totally dedicated to [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]], the [[Dwarves|Dwarf]] character</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mBBXe5vuxo Andriel Character Vignete]</td><td>1:48</td><td>21 October 2011</td><td>Trailer totally dedicated to [[Andriel]], the [[Elves|Elf]] character</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gP-_r27n9Y Fight Together or Die Alone! The Lord of the Rings: War in the North Official Launch Trailer]</td><td>1:12</td><td>28 October 2012</td><td>Final teaser trailer, featuring many characters and locations of the game</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYnVnQ9OAig LOTR WITN - G4 Exclusive - Slay the Orcs]</td><td>2:55</td><td>3 November 2011</td><td>Review of ''[[wikipedia:X-Play|X-play]]'', includes interviews with actors of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|The Lord of the Rings films]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6fBComKGsw WITN - Love of Middle-earth]</td><td>5:13</td><td>4 November 2011</td><td>Interviews with actors and scholars about War in the North, ''The Lord of the Rings'' and Middle-earth</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BjJSm3WwpY WITN - Slay the Orcs]</td><td>5:12</td><td>4 November 2011</td><td>Interviews with actors and scholars about War in the North, ''The Lord of the Rings'' and Middle-earth</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa3b3wyLJD0 WITN - The Legend of the Rings]</td><td>5:27</td><td>4 November 2011</td><td>Interviews with actors and scholars about War in the North, ''The Lord of the Rings'' and Middle-earth</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQ2ziyUPXfg The New Fellowship]</td><td>5:29</td><td>4 November 2011</td><td>Interviews with actors and scholars about War in the North, ''The Lord of the Rings'' and Middle-earth</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VojHFM5qAwc Combat Tactics: Dodging Tharzog - The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]</td><td>1:18</td><td>29 November 2011</td><td>Video expaining how to use "Dodging" to defeat [[Tharzog]] in Chapter 1: Fornost</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duZa_cG9EsM Combat Tactics: Siege of Nordinbad - The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]</td><td>1:21</td><td>8 December 2011</td><td>Video expaining how to defend the gate in ''Siege of Nordinbad''</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ya9ccKBK-R8 Combat Tactics -- Sanctuary at Barrow-downs]</td><td>1:50</td><td>19 December 2011</td><td></td>Video expaining how to use Andriel's "Sanctuary" skill to complete Chapter 2: Barrow Downs</td></tr>

<tr><td>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_uUYaGn2Ug Combat Tactics -- Evasion at Mirkwood]</td><td>1:50</td><td>23 January 2012</td><td>Video expaining how to use Eradan's "Evasion" skill to complete Chapter 5: Mirkwood</td></tr>

</table>

==Gallery==
<center>===Wallpapers and Concept Art of '''The Lord of the Rings: War in the North.'''===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="200px">
File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Ettenmoors.jpg|Concept Art of the [[Ettenmoors]].
File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Mirkwood-1-.jpg|Concept Art of [[Mirkwood]].
File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Osgiliath.png|Concept Art of [[Osgiliath]].
File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Concept Art of Rivendell.png|Concept Art of [[Rivendell]].
File:The Lord of the Rings- War in the North - Concept Art of Eradan1.png|Concept Art of [[Eradan (video game character)|Eradan]].
File:The Lord of the Rings- War in the North - Concept Art of Andriel1.png|Concept Art of [[Andriel]].
File:The Lord of the Rings- War in the Nortgh - Farin (video game character).png|Concept Art of [[Farin (video game character)|Farin]]
File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Agandaur2.png|Concept Art of [[Agandaûr]].
File:The Lord of the Rings- War in the North - Andriel wallpaper.png|Concept Art of [[Andriel]].
File:The Lord of the Rings- War in the North - Agandaûr wallpaper.png|Wallpaper of [[Agandaûr]].
</gallery></center>

==Release==

The first release date of War in the North was [[1 November]] [[2011]] in North America and the release date in the United Kingdom was [[25 November]] [[2011]].<ref name="FAQ Regions Release"/> All release dates are in 2011.

<table class="TGtable" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0 auto;"><tr><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Region'''</td><td style="background: #F2E6CE;">'''Release date'''<ref name="FAQ Regions Release"/></td></tr>

<tr><td>North America</td><td>1 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Africa</td><td>4 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Middle East</td><td>4 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Low Countries</td><td>4 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ireland</td><td>4 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Southern Europe (except Spain)</td><td>4 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Eastern Europe (except Russia)</td><td>4 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>South America (except Brazil)</td><td>4 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Northern Europe</td><td>8 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Germany</td><td>9 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Russia</td><td>9 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>France</td><td>10 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Spain</td><td>11 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Australia and New Zealand</td><td>16 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Brazil</td><td>17 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>United Kingdom</td><td>25 November</td></tr>
<tr><td>Asia (except Middle East and Russia)</td><td>Unknown</td></tr>

</table>

===Collector's Edition===
[[File:LOTR-WITN-Collector's Edition.png|thumb|150px|The collector's edition of '''The Lord of the Rings: War in the North'''.]] Besides the normal version of the game, a collector's edition will be released. This collector's edition will include an artbook, a behind-the-scenes music DVD, a quiver case as well as access to digital gubbins: icons, avatars and themes. Some retailers give extra add-ons. Both the collector's Edition and the special add-ons will be available in North-America and Europe; it is still unknown if it will be available in other parts of the world.<ref>[http://www.thesixthaxis.com/ The Six Thaxis], [http://www.thesixthaxis.com/2011/07/05/war-in-the-north-collectors-edition-revealed/ War In The North Collector's Edition Revealed], dated [[5 July]], [[2011]] (accessed [[7 July]], [[2011]])</ref>

==Reception==

{{blockquote|It's a very handsome game with well-voiced cutscenes, and places the compelling Lord of the Rings realm in the hands of a developer with solid RPG credentials. Fans of both have good reason to look forward to a unique entry in the series.|[http://www.kotaku.com Kotaku]<ref name="Kotaku Party"/>}}

Commentators immediately picked up on Snowblind Studios' experience with role-playing games (such as ''[[wikipedia:Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance|Baldur's Gate]]'' and ''[[wikipedia:Champions of Norrath: Realms of EverQuest|Champions of Norrath: Realms of EverQuest]]'') along with frequent mentions of the more "mature" and "brutal"<ref name="CVG E3">[http://www.computerandvideogames.com ComputerAndVideoGames.com], "[http://www.computerandvideogames.com/251028/news/lotr-war-in-the-north-screens/ E3 2010: LOTR: War in the North screens], dated [[14 June|June 14]] [[2010]] (accessed [[6 February|February 6]], [[2011]])</ref> design of the game, and the desire for an action RPG in the manner of previous Snowblind games.<ref name="Kotaku Untold">[http://kotaku.com Kotaku], "[http://kotaku.com/5693451/the-untold-story-of-the-lord-of-the-rings-war-in-the-north The Untold Story Of The Lord Of The Rings: War In The North]", [[18 November|November 18]], [[2010]] (accessed [[6 February|February 6]], [[2011]])</ref>

==Further reading==
*Review: Harley J. Sims, "Exploring the blind spots", ''[[Mallorn]]'', vol. [[Mallorn 53|53]] (Spring [[2012]])

==See also==
* [[:Category:Images from The Lord of the Rings: War in the North|Images from The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest]]'', a [[2010]] game also published by [[Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment]]
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'', a [[2006]] game which also took place in the north of [[Middle-earth]]
* ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North (Soundtrack)]]'', soundtrack of the game

==External links==
*'''[http://www.warinthenorth.com/ Official Website]'''
*[http://www.feralinteractive.com/en/mac-games/lotrwitn/ Official site for the Mac OS X version] at [http://www.feralinteractive.com/en/ FeralInteractive.com]
*[http://twitter.com/#!/warinthenorth Official Twitter page]

{{References|n}}
{{Videogames}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lord of the Rings War in the North}}

[[Category:Action games]]
[[Category:Microsoft Windows games]]
[[Category:PlayStation 3 games]]
[[Category:Role-playing video games]]
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings: War in the North|*]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. Interactive games]]
[[Category:Xbox 360 games]]

Talk:Grishnákh

2025-10-23T14:04:49Z

Morgondir: /* Bakshi film */ Reply

This says nothing a him being a orc of mordor or that he was Captain of the Dark Tower and was a Black uruk {{unsigned|72.228.49.45}}

:Maybe I'm not understanding correctly, but the first sentence states "Grishnákh was an orc of Mordor". It doesn't state the other things however, which you are free to add, I'll do some research and see if we can improve this article. Thanks for your input. --[[User:Hyarion|Hyarion]] 19:22, 4 September 2007 (EDT)

::oh yeah! {{unsigned|72.228.49.45}}

==Bakshi film==
This article says 'Merry also tells one orc (as with the book) that if the Ring goes to Isengard there will be nothing "for poor Grishnákh"'. My understanding is that that orc was meant to be Grishnákh. In the book Merry is talking to Grishnákh and not 'one orc', no? I see no reason to assume that he is not talking to Grishnákh in the film, I'm not sure why else the subordinate orc would care that Grishnákh wouldn't "get" anything. I might be thoroughly misinterpreting it but that was my understanding. [[User:Paccyd33|Paccyd33]] ([[User talk:Paccyd33|talk]]) 10:00, 23 October 2025 (UTC)

:In the film, there is insufficient visual distinction among the depictions of the orcs to establish that 'Grishnákh' refers to one specific orc in particular, or if 'Grishnákh' was simply used because it sounded appropriately orcish with whatever other non-English dialogue the orcs speak among each other. [[User:Morgondir|Morgondir]] ([[User talk:Morgondir|talk]]) 13:57, 23 October 2025 (UTC)
::On the other hand, Merry does refer to 'Uglúk', so perhaps it is meant to be interpreted that those are proper names, despite the lack of any visual distinction. [[User:Morgondir|Morgondir]] ([[User talk:Morgondir|talk]]) 14:04, 23 October 2025 (UTC)

Talk:Grishnákh

2025-10-23T13:57:30Z

Morgondir: /* Bakshi film */ Reply

Tolkien, Race and Cultural History

2025-10-16T23:53:20Z

Morgondir: Incorrect chapter title : 'Tolkien and the change of racism -> 'Tolkien and the charge of racism'

{{book
| title=Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits
| image = Tolkien, Race and Cultural History.jpg
| author=[[Dimitra Fimi]]
| illustrator=
| publisher=Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
| date=[[20 November]] [[2008]] (28 July 2010)
| format=Hardcover (Paperback)
| pages=252 (256)
| isbn=9780230219519
}}
'''''Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits''''' is a [[2008]] book by [[Dimitra Fimi]].

The book was the winner of the Mythopoeic Scholarship Award for Inklings Studies for 2010 ([[Mythopoeic Society]], USA), and was shortlisted for the Katharine Briggs Folklore Award for 2009 (Folklore Society, London).<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Dimitra Fimi]]|articleurl=https://dimitrafimi.com/books/tolkien-race-and-cultural-history-2/|articlename=Tolkien, Race and Cultural History: From Fairies to Hobbits|dated=|website=[https://dimitrafimi.com/ DimitraFimi.com]|accessed=9 December 2022}}</ref>

==From the publisher==
{{blockquote|'Tolkien, Race and Cultural History' explores the evolution of Tolkien's mythology by examining how it changed as a result of Tolkien's life story and contemporary cultural and intellectual history. The book considers Tolkien's creative writing as an ever-developing 'legendarium': an interconnected web of stories, poems and essays, from his early poems in the 1910s to his latest writings in the early 1970s. Consequently, the book is not restricted to a discussion of Tolkien's best-known works only ('The Hobbit', 'The Lord of the Rings' and 'The Silmarillion') but examines the whole corpus of his legendarium, including the 12-volume History of Middle-earth series, which has received little attention from critics. This new approach and scope brings to light neglected aspects of Tolkien's imaginative vision and addresses key features of Tolkien's creativity: the centrality of the Elves and the role of linguistic invention in his legendarium, as well as race and material culture in Middle-earth.}}

==Contents==
*List of Figures
*Acknowledgements
*Conventions and Abbreviations
#Introduction
#*His 'private and beloved nonsense': ''The Silmarillion'' and the 'Silmarillion'
#*A Victorian beginning and a modern end
#*'I hold the key': constructing a 'biographical legend'

===Part I. How It All Began...===
#<li value="2">In the Beginning Were the Fairies...</li>
*Fairy-things and fairylands
*The creation of a saga
*Fairies and elves in Tolkien's children's literature
#'Fluttering Sprites with Antennae': Victorian and Edwardian Fancies
#*'Flower-and-Butterfly Minuteness': the fairy painting imagery
#*''Peter Pan'' and the ''Cottage of Lost Play''
#*Fading, passing, departing: the fairies' farewell
#The Fairies, Faith and Folklore
#*'Natural' fairies and romantic religion
#*Brownies, nymphs, mermaids and the 'elementals'
#*Fairies, folklore and the 'mythology for England'

===Part II. Ideal Beings, Ideal Languages===
#<li value="5">The Cat and the Whiskers: Tolkien's Linguistic Creation</li>
*A multi-lingual novel
*Examining the corpus
#'Linguistic Aesthetic': Sounds, Meaning and the Pursuit of Beauty
#*Theorizing language invention: ''A Secret Vice''
#*The theory of 'inherent linguistic predilections': ''English and Welsh''
#*Language attitudes
#*Sound symbolism and sound experiments
#Ideal Language and Phonetic Spelling
#*The myth of an universal language
#*Aspects of linguistic creativity: language change and language decay
#*Invented alphabets, universal alphabets and phonetic spelling

===Part III. From Myth to History===
#<li value="8">The Claim to History</li>
*A changing cosmology: from a flat to a round world
*Reconsidering the 'framework' of the mythology
#A Hierarchical World
#*'Race' and racial anthropology
#*Tolkien's views on Nazi Germany, race and language
#*Focusing on Middle-earth: constructing new hierarchies
#*Racial mixture: the problem of the Half-Elven
#*The face of evil: the origin and appearance of the Orcs
#*Tolkien and the charge of racism
#Visualising Middle-earth: Real and Imagined Material Cultures
#*The idea of European prehistory and historical 'cultures'
#*The culture of Gondor: ship burials and winged helmets
#*'Chambers', 'Windows' and the Anglo-Saxons
#*Victorian countryside and relics of the industrial revolution: the material culture of the Shire
#*Romancing archaelogy
#Epilogue: From Fairies to Hobbits
#*Mistakes and inconsistencies
#*The rise of the hobbits and the fairies' fate
*Appendix: 'And the Wither Then?': Stepping into the Road
*Notes
*Bibliography
*Index

==External links==
*[https://link.springer.com/book/9780230219519 ''Tolkien, Race and Cultural History''] at SpringerLink.com
*[https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol29/iss1/13/ Review by Jason Fisher] in ''[[Mythlore]]''
*[https://journals.tolkiensociety.org/mallorn/issue/view/48/ Review by Henry Gee] in ''[[Mallorn (journal)|Mallorn]]''
{{references}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

User:Morgondir

2025-10-10T13:43:06Z

Morgondir:

{{user infobox
| image=Morg_barbDIV.png
| name=môrgondír
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| location=Texas, USA
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| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
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===About môrgondír===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

Part of me is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth not only due to its wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years. I admired calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], as well as works by artists contributing to the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth: The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===Contact information===
*'''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
*'''Discord:''' môrgondír

===A note concerning my username===
While it is not canonical, I deliberately chose to use diacritical marks in my username - this represents the confluence of my personal style with Tolkien's invention - a convergence of my sensibility with Tolkien's own - my intent being to add visual flair to the appearance of the word. In similar manner, the use of the lowercase 'm' represents a modern sensibility, to some degree a recognition of the ever-changing face of language, especially during the Age of Information & changes wrought by the Internet.

Middle-earth Minutes

2025-10-08T13:24:01Z

Morgondir:

'''''Middle-earth Minutes''''' is a podcast hosted by Michael Kaiser and his son. They discuss all things Tolkien. It is produced by [[Middle-earth Network|Middle-earth Network Radio]].

==External links==
*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20130820004714/http://middleearthminutes.mymiddleearth.com Middle-earth Minutes (archive.org)]''
*''[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/middle-earth-minutes/id298044119 Middle-earth Minutes (Apple Podcasts)]''
*''[https://archive.org/details/middleearthminutes List of eight episodes (archive.org)]''

{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Middle-earth Minutes}}
[[Category:Podcasts]]

Middle-earth Minutes

2025-10-08T13:22:43Z

Morgondir: Added additional link to the episode list (as distinct from the site layout link) on archive.org

'''''Middle-earth Minutes''''' is a podcast hosted by Michael Kaiser and his son. They discuss all things Tolkien. It is produced by [[Middle-earth Network|Middle-earth Network Radio]].

==External links==
*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20130820004714/http://middleearthminutes.mymiddleearth.com Middle-earth Minutes [site layout] (archive.org)]''
*''[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/middle-earth-minutes/id298044119 Middle-earth Minutes (Apple Podcasts)]''
*''[https://archive.org/details/middleearthminutes List of eight episodes (archive.org)]''

{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Middle-earth Minutes}}
[[Category:Podcasts]]

Middle-earth Minutes

2025-10-08T12:57:41Z

Morgondir: The provided link for Middle-earth Minutes from October 2012 (http://middleearthminutes.mymiddleearth.com) redirects to: zhmdndj6fj9wbj.nextgensecuritylabs.co.in - a site that attempts to install malware/ransomware by hijacking the user's browser. The podcast appears to have been defunct since 2013 or earlier - links were provided to a cached version on archive.org as well as one link to Apple podcasts.

'''''Middle-earth Minutes''''' is a podcast hosted by Michael Kaiser and his son. They discuss all things Tolkien. It is produced by [[Middle-earth Network|Middle-earth Network Radio]].

==External links==
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20130820004714/http://middleearthminutes.mymiddleearth.com Middle-earth Minutes (archive.org)]''
* ''[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/middle-earth-minutes/id298044119 Middle-earth Minutes (Apple Podcasts)]''

{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Middle-earth Minutes}}
[[Category:Podcasts]]

The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy

2025-09-11T13:33:42Z

Morgondir: Thirteen (13) additional entries added to the Contents section, rendering the list of essays and contributors complete.

{{book
|title=The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy: One Book to Rule Them All
| image = The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy.jpg
|author=edited by [[Gregory Bassham]] and [[Eric Bronson]]
|publisher=Open Court Publishing Co, U.S.
|date=[[4 August|August 4]], [[2003]]
|format=Paperback (22.6 x 15.2 x 1.5 cm)
|pages=336
|isbn=978-0812695458
}}
'''''The Lord of the Rings and Philosophy: One Book to Rule Them All''''' is a collection of articles written by philosophy professors on [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and his works, published in the series ''Popular Culture and Philosophy''.

==From the publisher==

{{blockquote|"The Lord of the Rings" is intended to be applicable to the real world of relationships, religion, pleasure, pain and politics. Tolkien himself said that his grand tale of wizards, orcs, hobbits and elves was aimed at truth and good morals in the actual world. Analysis of the popular appeal of "The Lord of the Rings" shows that Tolkien fans are hungry for discussion of the urgent moral and cosmological issues arising out of this epic story. Can political power be wielded for good, or must it always corrupt? Does technology destroy the truly human? Is it morally wrong to give up hope? Can we find meaning in chance events? In this volume, 17 young philosophy professors all of then ardent Tolkien fans address some of the issues and show how clues to their solutions may be found in the imaginary world of Middle-earth. The book is divided into five sections, concerned with: the power and the Ring, the quest for happiness, good and evil in Middle Earth, time and mortality and philosophical questions and fairytale endings.}}

==Contents==

*"'My Precious': Tolkien's Fetishized Ring" (by [[Alison Milbank]])
*"''Über''hobbits: Tolkien, Nietzsche, and the Will to Power" (by [[Douglas K. Blount]])
*"Happy Endings and Religious Hope: The Lord of the Rings as an Epic Fairy Tale" (by [[John J. Davenport]])
*"Tolkien’s Six Keys to Happiness" (by [[Gregory Bassham]])
*"The Quests of Sam and Gollum for the Happy Life" (by [[Jorge J.E. Gracia]])
*"'Farewell to Lórien': The Bounded Joy of Existentialists and Elves" (by [[Eric Bronson]])
*"The Rings of Tolkien and Plato: Lessons in Power, Choice, and Morality" (by [[Eric Katz]])
*"The Cracks of Doom: The Threat of Emerging Technologies and Tolkien’s Rings of Power" (by [[Theodore Schick]])
*"Tolkien and the Nature of Evil" (by [[Scott A. Davison]])
*"Virtue and Vice in 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠" (by [[Aeon J. Skoble]])
*"Choosing to Die: The Gift of Mortality in Middle-earth" (by [[Bill Davis]])
*"Tolkien, Modernism, and the Importance of Tradition" (by [[Joe Kraus]])
*"Tolkien's Green Time: Environmental Themes in 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠" (by [[Andrew Light]])
*"Providence and the Dramatic Unity of 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠" (by [[Thomas Hibbs]])
*"Talking Trees and Walking Mountains: Buddhist and Taoist Themes in 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠" (by [[Jennifer L. McMahon]] and [[B. Steve Csaki]]
*"Sam and Frodo's Excellent Adventure: Tolkien's Journey Motif" (by [[J. Lenore Wright]])

{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lord of the Rings and Philosophy}}
[[Category:Philosophy books]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

User:Morgondir

2025-09-11T11:31:56Z

Morgondir: /* About môrgondír */

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| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
| userboxes=
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===About môrgondír===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of JRR Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

Part of me is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth not only due to its wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years. I admired calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], as well as works by artists contributing to the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth: The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===Contact information===
*'''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
*'''Discord:''' môrgondír

===A note concerning my username===
While it is not canonical, I deliberately chose to use diacritical marks in my username - this represents the confluence of my personal style with Tolkien's invention - a convergence of my sensibility with Tolkien's own - my intent being to add visual flair to the appearance of the word. In similar manner, the use of the lowercase 'm' represents a modern sensibility, to some degree a recognition of the ever-changing face of language, especially during the Age of Information & changes wrought by the Internet.

User:Morgondir

2025-09-11T11:30:39Z

Morgondir: /* A note concerning my username: */

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| name=môrgondír
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| occupation=
| birth=
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| age=
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
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| email=
| facebook=
| twitter=
| instagram=
| reddit=
| linkedin=
| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
| userboxes=
{{user ref}} 
{{user lore-3}} 
{{user en-N}} 
{{User USA}} 
}}
===About môrgondír===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of JRR Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

Part of me is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth not only due to its wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years. I admired calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], as well as works by artists contributing to the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth:The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===Contact information===
*'''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
*'''Discord:''' môrgondír

===A note concerning my username===
While it is not canonical, I deliberately chose to use diacritical marks in my username - this represents the confluence of my personal style with Tolkien's invention - a convergence of my sensibility with Tolkien's own - my intent being to add visual flair to the appearance of the word. In similar manner, the use of the lowercase 'm' represents a modern sensibility, to some degree a recognition of the ever-changing face of language, especially during the Age of Information & changes wrought by the Internet.

User:Morgondir

2025-09-11T11:27:42Z

Morgondir: more corrections to infobox

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| occupation=
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| age=
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| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| email=
| facebook=
| twitter=
| instagram=
| reddit=
| linkedin=
| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
| userboxes=
{{user ref}} 
{{user lore-3}} 
{{user en-N}} 
{{User USA}} 
}}
===About môrgondír===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of JRR Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

Part of me is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth not only due to its wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years. I admired calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], as well as works by artists contributing to the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth:The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===Contact information===
*'''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
*'''Discord:''' môrgondír

===A note concerning my username:===
While it is not canonical, I deliberately chose to use diacritical marks in my username - this represents the confluence of my personal style with Tolkien's invention - a convergence of my sensibility with Tolkien's own. My intent being to add visual flair to the appearance of the word. In similar manner, the use of the lowercase 'm' represents a modern sensibility, to some degree a recognition of the ever-changing face of language, especially during the Age of Information & changes wrought by the Internet.

User:Morgondir

2025-09-11T11:15:03Z

Morgondir: Changes to user infobox

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| image=[[ File: Morg_barbDIV.png | thumb | border | center | middle | upright | 200px |link= | alt= | page=1 | lang=en|môrgondír ]]
| name=môrgondír
| othernames=
| position=
| language=English
| location=Texas, USA
| occupation=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| age=
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| email=
| facebook=
| twitter=
| instagram=
| reddit=
| linkedin=
| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
| userboxes=
{{user ref}} 
{{user lore-3}} 
{{user en-N}} 
{{User USA}} 
}}
===About môrgondír===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of JRR Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

Part of me is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth not only due to its wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years. I admired calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], works by artists used in the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth:The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===Contact information===
*'''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
*'''Discord:''' môrgondír

===A note concerning my username:===
While it is not canonical, I deliberately chose to use diacritical marks in my username - this represents the confluence of my personal style with Tolkien's invention - a convergence of my sensibility with Tolkien's own. My intent being to add visual flair to the appearance of the word. In similar manner, the use of the lowercase 'm' represents a modern sensibility, to some degree a recognition of the ever-changing face of language, especially during the Age of Information & changes wrought by the Internet.

Musical Chapters from The Hobbit after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 8

2025-01-15T04:37:52Z

Morgondir: 'but in unable to' --> 'but is unable to'

An operatic cycle by composer [[Paul Corfield Godfrey]], ''Musical Chapters from The Hobbit after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien,'' was written between the years 1967-2022. The composer originally planned a massive cycle of eleven evenings of music based in Tolkien's Third Age (the first two of which were to be devoted to ''The Hobbit''). The text was prepared and the entirety of ''The Hobbit'' was composed in short score by the early 1970s and an unsuccessful attempt at gaining the rights from the Tolkien Estate put any further work on hold.

During the autumn of 1974 the composer returned to the scores, and at the recommendation of Alan Bush (his composition tutor at the time) made substantial cuts intended to bring the whole work within the scope of one evening. This cut score was then used as the basis for the full orchestral score, of which only the first two scenes were fully completed (although a number of later passages were also fully scored). The final section of the score, a setting of the poem ''Roads go ever ever on'', was extracted for independent performance as one of the [[Tolkien Songs, Op. 9]].

However, during the period 1982-83 part of the original vocal score was lost, and the only passages preserved were those which had been incorporated into the orchestral suites, those which had already been orchestrated in the complete full score, and one passage which had been photocopied. Some of the thematic material from those sketches inevitably also found their way into the sketches and fragments for what eventually became [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] and even into [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] - as can be seen in the music associated with the enchantments of Sauron in [[Beren and Lúthien, Op. 47 (Opera)]], which originated in the finding of the Ring during ''Over Hill and Under Hill'', or the motif for Smaug, which re-appeared in association with Ancalagon the ancestor of flying dragons at the climax of the battle in [[The War of Wrath, Op. 71 (Opera)]].

During the period 1998-99 the composer returned to the now incomplete score and concluded work on the full orchestration of the first three chapters, restoring the previously cut passages where necessary from the vocal score. He also reproduced the fragments of ''Fire and Water'' which still existed and reconstructed some of the incomplete sections.

Upon completion of the [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] he then finally revisited the work, reworking parts of it to thematically match both that cycle and [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] and recomposing the lost sections in a slightly abridged form.

In 2024 the Tolkien Estate granted the rights to the composer to use the Tolkien texts from [[The Hobbit]].

This cycle is musically connected to the composer's other Tolkien settings, most notably [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] and [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] where characters and themes continue their development.

This part of the cycle contains roughly four hours of music across six chapters.

== Characters ==
'''HOBBITS:'''

Bilbo Baggins (Tenor)

'''WIZARDS AND OTHER ELEMENTALS:'''

Gandalf the Grey, a Wizard (Baritone)

Gwaihir, Lord of the Eagles (Soprano or Tenor)

Landroval, another Eagle (Soprano or Tenor)

Beorn, a shapechanger (Bass)

The Thrush (Soprano)

'''DWARVES:'''

Thorin Oakenshield, King Under the Mountain (Baritone)

Fili, nephew of Thorin (Tenor)

Kili, nephew of Thorin (Tenor)

Dwalin, cousin of Thorin (Baritone)

Balin, cousin of Thorin (Baritone)

Dori, dwarf of Durin's line (Bass)

Nori, dwarf of Durin's line (Baritone)

Ori, dwarf of Durin's line (Baritone)

Oin, distant cousin of Thorin (Tenor)

Gloin, distant cousin of Thorin (Bass)

Bifur, follower of Thorin (Tenor)

Bofur, follower of Thorin (Baritone)

Bombur, follower of Thorin (Bass)

Dain, Lord of the Iron Hills (Baritone)

'''RACE OF MEN:'''

Bard, a bowman of Lake Town (Baritone)

Master of Lake Town (Tenor)

1st Soldier of Lake Town (Tenor)

2nd Soldier of Lake Town (Bass)

'''ELVES:'''

Elrond Halfelven, Lord of Rivendell (Tenor)

Glorfindel, an elf of Rivendell (Tenor)

Thranduil, Elvenking of Mirkwood (Baritone)

Galion, his butler (Bass)

Elven Captain of the Guard (Baritone)

1st Elven Boatman (Tenor)

2nd Elven Boatman (Tenor)

3rd Elven Boatman (Tenor or Baritone)

4th Elven Boatman (Baritone)

5th Elven Boatman (Bass)

6th Elven Boatman (Bass)

'''FORCES OF EVIL:'''

William, a troll (Bass)

Bert, a troll (Bass)

Tom, a troll (Baritone)

The Great Goblin (Tenor)

Goblin Captain (Baritone)

Goblin Slave Driver (Baritone)

Gollum (Tenor)

1st Spider (Soprano)

2nd Spider (Soprano)

3rd Spider (Mezzo)

4th Spider (Mezzo)

Smaug, the dragon (Bass)

'''CHORUS:'''

Elves, men and women of Lake Town, Orcs, Dwarves, Wargs & Spiders

== Synopsis ==
'''PART I - OVER HILL AND UNDER HILL'''

1 AN UNEXPECTED PARTY

Scene One    In the peaceful land of the Shire, the hobbit Bilbo Baggins is sitting outside his front door smoking a morning pipe when the wizard Gandalf arrives, searching for someone to participate in an ‘adventure’ that he is organising. The flustered and panic-stricken hobbit stammers out his refusal, but allows himself to be pressured into issuing an invitation to call for tea the next day.

Scene Two    Bilbo is however horrified when a collection of twelve dwarves arrives before Gandalf even appears, including Thorin Oakenshield the exiled King under the Lonely Mountain. The dwarves sing of their longing for their homeland, and Thorin explains how they were dispossessed by the dragon Smaug who stole their treasure. Bilbo allows himself to be enticed into joining their quest.

Scene Three    Out in the wilds, the company are dismayed when Gandalf seemingly abandons them and they fall victim to three marauding trolls who capture and propose to eat them. They are only saved when Gandalf returns and foments arguments among the trolls until they are caught and petrified by the rising sun. In their cave the dwarves find two Elven swords, and Bilbo takes a knife from the store.

2 RIDDLES IN THE DARK

Prelude    A chorus of elves in the trees welcomes the company to the valley of Rivendell.

Scene One Here Elrond, the master of the house, determines that the swords are heirlooms from the fall of Gondolin, and predicts that they will be needed as the dwarves cross the mountains.

Scene Two In the mountains, the company take refuge from a storm in a cave; but the wakeful Bilbo dreams that a crack has opened in the rock-wall only to awaken as orcs emerge to capture the company. Gandalf alone escapes by the use of fire, but the dwarves are taken down to goblin-town.

Scene Three    Here the Great Goblin flies into a rage at the sight of Thorin’s sword, but is killed by Gandalf who leads the company away into the tunnels in search of escape. Bilbo alone is abandoned, and searching the ground he finds a ring which he puts in his pocket.

Scene Four    Bilbo comes to the roots of the mountains, and encounters Gollum who challenges him to a game of riddles promising to show him the way out if his loses. But when Bilbo asks what it is he has in his pocket, Gollum is unable to answer; and it is only when he searches for his ring that he realises that it is missing. In his conversation he reveals that the ring confers invisibility on its wearer, and Bilbo is able to follow him unseen as he rushes to intercept the hobbit’s escape.

Scene Five    Bilbo has the opportunity to kill Gollum, but moved by pity he refrains and dodges past, pursued by Gollum’s curses. He also manages to elude the orc guards and escape from the tunnels.

Scene Six    On the mountainside the dwarves and Gandalf are arguing about what they should do to find the missing hobbit, when Bilbo joins them; but he says nothing of the ring. Wolves are heard howling, and the company escape up the trees as orcs join in pursuit singing in derision. It is only when eagles descend from the mountains that the company are able to escape.

Scene Seven The eagles agree to carry the company away from the mountains towards the east and further on their journey.

3 QUEER LODGINGS

Scene One    The eagles deposit the company at the crossing of the Great River, where Gandalf reveals that he will have to leave them on other ‘urgent business’ once they reach the forest of Mirkwood. In the meantime, he will take them to find assistance.

Scene Two Gandalf and Bilbo arrive at the house of Béorn, a skin changer, who gradually accepts the presence of the dwarves as they tell him of their adventures in the mountains and the killing of the Great Goblin. He lends them horses to take them to Mirkwood, and advises them on the path they should take through the forest.

Interlude The dwarves sing a song regarding the wind blowing around the Lonely Mountain and the lair of Smaug the dragon.

Scene Three    Arriving at the borders of Mirkwood, Gandalf leaves the dwarves and the hobbit to make their own way through the forest.

'''PART II - FIRE AND WATER'''

4 FLIES AND SPIDERS

Scene One In the forest the dwarves see distant lights and are drawn to an Elven feast; but when they attempt to seek help they find themselves in sudden darkness and are lost. Bilbo is left alone once more, but manages to kill a spider that seeks to capture him with his sword which he now calls Sting.

Scene Two    He finds the dwarves tied up in the spiders’ larder, but by mocking the spiders he manages to draw them away after him in pursuit – only for the dwarves then to be captured by the Wood Elves.

Scene Three    The Elvenking interrogates first Thorin and then Balin, but is unable to discover from either what their errand is in the forest. He orders that the dwarves should be imprisoned until they provide information, but Bilbo using his ring of invisibility contrives to slip in unseen.

Scene Four In the dungeons the captain of the guard and the butler are celebrating when Bilbo manages to steal the keys and release the dwarves. He packs them into barrels to be conveyed away down the river, and the Elven porters gaily despatch these into the water.

Scene Five Arriving in Lake Town, the company are greeted by Bard as the leader of the guards are brought to the Master, who offers them assistance despite his scepticism that they will ever contrive to defeat Smaug.

5 THE GATHERING OF THE CLOUDS

Scene One Thorin standing on the slopes of the Lonely Mountains searches for the hidden door into the caverns below, but it is Bilbo who led by the singing of a thrush actually finds the entrance.

Scene Two    Descending into the heart of the Mountain, the invisible Bilbo is able to engage in conversation with Smaug, discover the weakness in his armoured scales, and elude capture, but not before the dragon has realised that the raiders must have received help from the men of Lake Town.

Scene Three       Bilbo escapes back to the dwarves on the mountainside, and tells the dwarves of his discovery of Smaug’s vulnerability overheard by the thrush; but the dragon sets off to Lake Town in search of revenge.

Scene Four       Bard rouses the archers of Lake Town to resist the marauding dragon, but it is not until the thrush tells him of Smaug’s weak point that his arrow is able to find a mark and kill the beast. The folk of Lake Town, led by their Master, lament the destruction of their dwellings, but Bard declares that he will seek to re-establish his ancestral kingdom of Dale in the shadow of the Mountain which he now expects to find deserted.

Scene Five Bilbo persuades the dwarves that they can only escape through the lower caverns of the mountain, despite the peril of the dragon. Reluctantly they agree.

Scene Six Entering the dragon’s den once more, Bilbo finds the Arkenstone, the heart of the Mountain and the most treasured jewel in the hoard, and he is clad by Thorin in dwarvish mail. The thrush re-appears to tell them of the death of the dragon, but warns them that others beside themselves now seek to gain possession of the treasure: not only Bard seeking redress for the damage suffered by the Lake-men, but also the Elves of Mirkwood. Thorin sends the bird to seek aid from his cousin Dáin, and prepares for a siege.

6 THE CLOUDS BURST

Scene One    The dwarves are singing triumphantly of their regained kingdom, when Balin enters to tell them that the armies of both Bard and the Elvenking have now arrived. In parley with them Thorin refuses to negotiate under duress, and Bilbo is left on watch. When Bard approaches surreptitiously, Bilbo gives him the Arkenstone to aid in his bargaining.

Scene Two    The following morning Thorin remains obdurate until Bard offers the Arkenstone in exchange for reparations; and when he discovers that it was Bilbo who has given them the jewel, his fury is only averted by the sudden appearance of Gandalf who intercedes on behalf of the hobbit. Dáin now arrives at the head of an army of dwarves, and suddenly conflict erupts as the assembled forces are attacked by orcs and goblins also in seek of plunder. Pitched battle rages, and Thorin is severely wounded in the struggle. Bilbo, seeing the eagles arrive in the distance, is stunned by a falling stone.

Scene Three Gandalf finds the unconscious hobbit on the battlefield, and takes him to Thorin with whom he is reconciled before the dwarf-king dies. Dáin is now proclaimed as King under the Mountain as the body of Thorin is solemnly interred.

Scene Four Returning to the rejoicing Elves in Rivendell, Gandalf and Bilbo are hailed by Elrond and the latter is designated as an Elf-friend. They listen to the Elves singing as the night falls, and in a visionary final scene Bilbo is seen returning to his home enriched by his experiences.

== Recordings ==
In 2024 Volante Opera Productions announced they are working on a complete demo recording of the work using sampled orchestra and professional opera singers. It will be released by Prima Facie records in 2026.
[[Category:Music]]
[[Category:Classical music]]
[[Category:Stage adaptations]]

Musical Chapters from The Hobbit after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 8

2025-01-15T04:35:47Z

Morgondir: 'manages to kill as spider' --> 'manages to kill a spider'

An operatic cycle by composer [[Paul Corfield Godfrey]], ''Musical Chapters from The Hobbit after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien,'' was written between the years 1967-2022. The composer originally planned a massive cycle of eleven evenings of music based in Tolkien's Third Age (the first two of which were to be devoted to ''The Hobbit''). The text was prepared and the entirety of ''The Hobbit'' was composed in short score by the early 1970s and an unsuccessful attempt at gaining the rights from the Tolkien Estate put any further work on hold.

During the autumn of 1974 the composer returned to the scores, and at the recommendation of Alan Bush (his composition tutor at the time) made substantial cuts intended to bring the whole work within the scope of one evening. This cut score was then used as the basis for the full orchestral score, of which only the first two scenes were fully completed (although a number of later passages were also fully scored). The final section of the score, a setting of the poem ''Roads go ever ever on'', was extracted for independent performance as one of the [[Tolkien Songs, Op. 9]].

However, during the period 1982-83 part of the original vocal score was lost, and the only passages preserved were those which had been incorporated into the orchestral suites, those which had already been orchestrated in the complete full score, and one passage which had been photocopied. Some of the thematic material from those sketches inevitably also found their way into the sketches and fragments for what eventually became [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] and even into [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] - as can be seen in the music associated with the enchantments of Sauron in [[Beren and Lúthien, Op. 47 (Opera)]], which originated in the finding of the Ring during ''Over Hill and Under Hill'', or the motif for Smaug, which re-appeared in association with Ancalagon the ancestor of flying dragons at the climax of the battle in [[The War of Wrath, Op. 71 (Opera)]].

During the period 1998-99 the composer returned to the now incomplete score and concluded work on the full orchestration of the first three chapters, restoring the previously cut passages where necessary from the vocal score. He also reproduced the fragments of ''Fire and Water'' which still existed and reconstructed some of the incomplete sections.

Upon completion of the [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] he then finally revisited the work, reworking parts of it to thematically match both that cycle and [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] and recomposing the lost sections in a slightly abridged form.

In 2024 the Tolkien Estate granted the rights to the composer to use the Tolkien texts from [[The Hobbit]].

This cycle is musically connected to the composer's other Tolkien settings, most notably [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] and [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] where characters and themes continue their development.

This part of the cycle contains roughly four hours of music across six chapters.

== Characters ==
'''HOBBITS:'''

Bilbo Baggins (Tenor)

'''WIZARDS AND OTHER ELEMENTALS:'''

Gandalf the Grey, a Wizard (Baritone)

Gwaihir, Lord of the Eagles (Soprano or Tenor)

Landroval, another Eagle (Soprano or Tenor)

Beorn, a shapechanger (Bass)

The Thrush (Soprano)

'''DWARVES:'''

Thorin Oakenshield, King Under the Mountain (Baritone)

Fili, nephew of Thorin (Tenor)

Kili, nephew of Thorin (Tenor)

Dwalin, cousin of Thorin (Baritone)

Balin, cousin of Thorin (Baritone)

Dori, dwarf of Durin's line (Bass)

Nori, dwarf of Durin's line (Baritone)

Ori, dwarf of Durin's line (Baritone)

Oin, distant cousin of Thorin (Tenor)

Gloin, distant cousin of Thorin (Bass)

Bifur, follower of Thorin (Tenor)

Bofur, follower of Thorin (Baritone)

Bombur, follower of Thorin (Bass)

Dain, Lord of the Iron Hills (Baritone)

'''RACE OF MEN:'''

Bard, a bowman of Lake Town (Baritone)

Master of Lake Town (Tenor)

1st Soldier of Lake Town (Tenor)

2nd Soldier of Lake Town (Bass)

'''ELVES:'''

Elrond Halfelven, Lord of Rivendell (Tenor)

Glorfindel, an elf of Rivendell (Tenor)

Thranduil, Elvenking of Mirkwood (Baritone)

Galion, his butler (Bass)

Elven Captain of the Guard (Baritone)

1st Elven Boatman (Tenor)

2nd Elven Boatman (Tenor)

3rd Elven Boatman (Tenor or Baritone)

4th Elven Boatman (Baritone)

5th Elven Boatman (Bass)

6th Elven Boatman (Bass)

'''FORCES OF EVIL:'''

William, a troll (Bass)

Bert, a troll (Bass)

Tom, a troll (Baritone)

The Great Goblin (Tenor)

Goblin Captain (Baritone)

Goblin Slave Driver (Baritone)

Gollum (Tenor)

1st Spider (Soprano)

2nd Spider (Soprano)

3rd Spider (Mezzo)

4th Spider (Mezzo)

Smaug, the dragon (Bass)

'''CHORUS:'''

Elves, men and women of Lake Town, Orcs, Dwarves, Wargs & Spiders

== Synopsis ==
'''PART I - OVER HILL AND UNDER HILL'''

1 AN UNEXPECTED PARTY

Scene One    In the peaceful land of the Shire, the hobbit Bilbo Baggins is sitting outside his front door smoking a morning pipe when the wizard Gandalf arrives, searching for someone to participate in an ‘adventure’ that he is organising. The flustered and panic-stricken hobbit stammers out his refusal, but allows himself to be pressured into issuing an invitation to call for tea the next day.

Scene Two    Bilbo is however horrified when a collection of twelve dwarves arrives before Gandalf even appears, including Thorin Oakenshield the exiled King under the Lonely Mountain. The dwarves sing of their longing for their homeland, and Thorin explains how they were dispossessed by the dragon Smaug who stole their treasure. Bilbo allows himself to be enticed into joining their quest.

Scene Three    Out in the wilds, the company are dismayed when Gandalf seemingly abandons them and they fall victim to three marauding trolls who capture and propose to eat them. They are only saved when Gandalf returns and foments arguments among the trolls until they are caught and petrified by the rising sun. In their cave the dwarves find two Elven swords, and Bilbo takes a knife from the store.

2 RIDDLES IN THE DARK

Prelude    A chorus of elves in the trees welcomes the company to the valley of Rivendell.

Scene One Here Elrond, the master of the house, determines that the swords are heirlooms from the fall of Gondolin, and predicts that they will be needed as the dwarves cross the mountains.

Scene Two In the mountains, the company take refuge from a storm in a cave; but the wakeful Bilbo dreams that a crack has opened in the rock-wall only to awaken as orcs emerge to capture the company. Gandalf alone escapes by the use of fire, but the dwarves are taken down to goblin-town.

Scene Three    Here the Great Goblin flies into a rage at the sight of Thorin’s sword, but is killed by Gandalf who leads the company away into the tunnels in search of escape. Bilbo alone is abandoned, and searching the ground he finds a ring which he puts in his pocket.

Scene Four    Bilbo comes to the roots of the mountains, and encounters Gollum who challenges him to a game of riddles promising to show him the way out if his loses. But when Bilbo asks what it is he has in his pocket, Gollum is unable to answer; and it is only when he searches for his ring that he realises that it is missing. In his conversation he reveals that the ring confers invisibility on its wearer, and Bilbo is able to follow him unseen as he rushes to intercept the hobbit’s escape.

Scene Five    Bilbo has the opportunity to kill Gollum, but moved by pity he refrains and dodges past, pursued by Gollum’s curses. He also manages to elude the orc guards and escape from the tunnels.

Scene Six    On the mountainside the dwarves and Gandalf are arguing about what they should do to find the missing hobbit, when Bilbo joins them; but he says nothing of the ring. Wolves are heard howling, and the company escape up the trees as orcs join in pursuit singing in derision. It is only when eagles descend from the mountains that the company are able to escape.

Scene Seven The eagles agree to carry the company away from the mountains towards the east and further on their journey.

3 QUEER LODGINGS

Scene One    The eagles deposit the company at the crossing of the Great River, where Gandalf reveals that he will have to leave them on other ‘urgent business’ once they reach the forest of Mirkwood. In the meantime, he will take them to find assistance.

Scene Two Gandalf and Bilbo arrive at the house of Béorn, a skin changer, who gradually accepts the presence of the dwarves as they tell him of their adventures in the mountains and the killing of the Great Goblin. He lends them horses to take them to Mirkwood, and advises them on the path they should take through the forest.

Interlude The dwarves sing a song regarding the wind blowing around the Lonely Mountain and the lair of Smaug the dragon.

Scene Three    Arriving at the borders of Mirkwood, Gandalf leaves the dwarves and the hobbit to make their own way through the forest.

'''PART II - FIRE AND WATER'''

4 FLIES AND SPIDERS

Scene One In the forest the dwarves see distant lights and are drawn to an Elven feast; but when they attempt to seek help they find themselves in sudden darkness and are lost. Bilbo is left alone once more, but manages to kill a spider that seeks to capture him with his sword which he now calls Sting.

Scene Two    He finds the dwarves tied up in the spiders’ larder, but by mocking the spiders he manages to draw them away after him in pursuit – only for the dwarves then to be captured by the Wood Elves.

Scene Three    The Elvenking interrogates first Thorin and then Balin, but in unable to discover from either what their errand is in the forest. He orders that the dwarves should be imprisoned until they provide information, but Bilbo using his ring of invisibility contrives to slip in unseen.

Scene Four In the dungeons the captain of the guard and the butler are celebrating when Bilbo manages to steal the keys and release the dwarves. He packs them into barrels to be conveyed away down the river, and the Elven porters gaily despatch these into the water.

Scene Five Arriving in Lake Town, the company are greeted by Bard as the leader of the guards are brought to the Master, who offers them assistance despite his scepticism that they will ever contrive to defeat Smaug.

5 THE GATHERING OF THE CLOUDS

Scene One Thorin standing on the slopes of the Lonely Mountains searches for the hidden door into the caverns below, but it is Bilbo who led by the singing of a thrush actually finds the entrance.

Scene Two    Descending into the heart of the Mountain, the invisible Bilbo is able to engage in conversation with Smaug, discover the weakness in his armoured scales, and elude capture, but not before the dragon has realised that the raiders must have received help from the men of Lake Town.

Scene Three       Bilbo escapes back to the dwarves on the mountainside, and tells the dwarves of his discovery of Smaug’s vulnerability overheard by the thrush; but the dragon sets off to Lake Town in search of revenge.

Scene Four       Bard rouses the archers of Lake Town to resist the marauding dragon, but it is not until the thrush tells him of Smaug’s weak point that his arrow is able to find a mark and kill the beast. The folk of Lake Town, led by their Master, lament the destruction of their dwellings, but Bard declares that he will seek to re-establish his ancestral kingdom of Dale in the shadow of the Mountain which he now expects to find deserted.

Scene Five Bilbo persuades the dwarves that they can only escape through the lower caverns of the mountain, despite the peril of the dragon. Reluctantly they agree.

Scene Six Entering the dragon’s den once more, Bilbo finds the Arkenstone, the heart of the Mountain and the most treasured jewel in the hoard, and he is clad by Thorin in dwarvish mail. The thrush re-appears to tell them of the death of the dragon, but warns them that others beside themselves now seek to gain possession of the treasure: not only Bard seeking redress for the damage suffered by the Lake-men, but also the Elves of Mirkwood. Thorin sends the bird to seek aid from his cousin Dáin, and prepares for a siege.

6 THE CLOUDS BURST

Scene One    The dwarves are singing triumphantly of their regained kingdom, when Balin enters to tell them that the armies of both Bard and the Elvenking have now arrived. In parley with them Thorin refuses to negotiate under duress, and Bilbo is left on watch. When Bard approaches surreptitiously, Bilbo gives him the Arkenstone to aid in his bargaining.

Scene Two    The following morning Thorin remains obdurate until Bard offers the Arkenstone in exchange for reparations; and when he discovers that it was Bilbo who has given them the jewel, his fury is only averted by the sudden appearance of Gandalf who intercedes on behalf of the hobbit. Dáin now arrives at the head of an army of dwarves, and suddenly conflict erupts as the assembled forces are attacked by orcs and goblins also in seek of plunder. Pitched battle rages, and Thorin is severely wounded in the struggle. Bilbo, seeing the eagles arrive in the distance, is stunned by a falling stone.

Scene Three Gandalf finds the unconscious hobbit on the battlefield, and takes him to Thorin with whom he is reconciled before the dwarf-king dies. Dáin is now proclaimed as King under the Mountain as the body of Thorin is solemnly interred.

Scene Four Returning to the rejoicing Elves in Rivendell, Gandalf and Bilbo are hailed by Elrond and the latter is designated as an Elf-friend. They listen to the Elves singing as the night falls, and in a visionary final scene Bilbo is seen returning to his home enriched by his experiences.

== Recordings ==
In 2024 Volante Opera Productions announced they are working on a complete demo recording of the work using sampled orchestra and professional opera singers. It will be released by Prima Facie records in 2026.
[[Category:Music]]
[[Category:Classical music]]
[[Category:Stage adaptations]]

Musical Chapters from The Hobbit after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 8

2025-01-15T04:32:35Z

Morgondir: verb tense agreement

An operatic cycle by composer [[Paul Corfield Godfrey]], ''Musical Chapters from The Hobbit after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien,'' was written between the years 1967-2022. The composer originally planned a massive cycle of eleven evenings of music based in Tolkien's Third Age (the first two of which were to be devoted to ''The Hobbit''). The text was prepared and the entirety of ''The Hobbit'' was composed in short score by the early 1970s and an unsuccessful attempt at gaining the rights from the Tolkien Estate put any further work on hold.

During the autumn of 1974 the composer returned to the scores, and at the recommendation of Alan Bush (his composition tutor at the time) made substantial cuts intended to bring the whole work within the scope of one evening. This cut score was then used as the basis for the full orchestral score, of which only the first two scenes were fully completed (although a number of later passages were also fully scored). The final section of the score, a setting of the poem ''Roads go ever ever on'', was extracted for independent performance as one of the [[Tolkien Songs, Op. 9]].

However, during the period 1982-83 part of the original vocal score was lost, and the only passages preserved were those which had been incorporated into the orchestral suites, those which had already been orchestrated in the complete full score, and one passage which had been photocopied. Some of the thematic material from those sketches inevitably also found their way into the sketches and fragments for what eventually became [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] and even into [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] - as can be seen in the music associated with the enchantments of Sauron in [[Beren and Lúthien, Op. 47 (Opera)]], which originated in the finding of the Ring during ''Over Hill and Under Hill'', or the motif for Smaug, which re-appeared in association with Ancalagon the ancestor of flying dragons at the climax of the battle in [[The War of Wrath, Op. 71 (Opera)]].

During the period 1998-99 the composer returned to the now incomplete score and concluded work on the full orchestration of the first three chapters, restoring the previously cut passages where necessary from the vocal score. He also reproduced the fragments of ''Fire and Water'' which still existed and reconstructed some of the incomplete sections.

Upon completion of the [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] he then finally revisited the work, reworking parts of it to thematically match both that cycle and [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] and recomposing the lost sections in a slightly abridged form.

In 2024 the Tolkien Estate granted the rights to the composer to use the Tolkien texts from [[The Hobbit]].

This cycle is musically connected to the composer's other Tolkien settings, most notably [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] and [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] where characters and themes continue their development.

This part of the cycle contains roughly four hours of music across six chapters.

== Characters ==
'''HOBBITS:'''

Bilbo Baggins (Tenor)

'''WIZARDS AND OTHER ELEMENTALS:'''

Gandalf the Grey, a Wizard (Baritone)

Gwaihir, Lord of the Eagles (Soprano or Tenor)

Landroval, another Eagle (Soprano or Tenor)

Beorn, a shapechanger (Bass)

The Thrush (Soprano)

'''DWARVES:'''

Thorin Oakenshield, King Under the Mountain (Baritone)

Fili, nephew of Thorin (Tenor)

Kili, nephew of Thorin (Tenor)

Dwalin, cousin of Thorin (Baritone)

Balin, cousin of Thorin (Baritone)

Dori, dwarf of Durin's line (Bass)

Nori, dwarf of Durin's line (Baritone)

Ori, dwarf of Durin's line (Baritone)

Oin, distant cousin of Thorin (Tenor)

Gloin, distant cousin of Thorin (Bass)

Bifur, follower of Thorin (Tenor)

Bofur, follower of Thorin (Baritone)

Bombur, follower of Thorin (Bass)

Dain, Lord of the Iron Hills (Baritone)

'''RACE OF MEN:'''

Bard, a bowman of Lake Town (Baritone)

Master of Lake Town (Tenor)

1st Soldier of Lake Town (Tenor)

2nd Soldier of Lake Town (Bass)

'''ELVES:'''

Elrond Halfelven, Lord of Rivendell (Tenor)

Glorfindel, an elf of Rivendell (Tenor)

Thranduil, Elvenking of Mirkwood (Baritone)

Galion, his butler (Bass)

Elven Captain of the Guard (Baritone)

1st Elven Boatman (Tenor)

2nd Elven Boatman (Tenor)

3rd Elven Boatman (Tenor or Baritone)

4th Elven Boatman (Baritone)

5th Elven Boatman (Bass)

6th Elven Boatman (Bass)

'''FORCES OF EVIL:'''

William, a troll (Bass)

Bert, a troll (Bass)

Tom, a troll (Baritone)

The Great Goblin (Tenor)

Goblin Captain (Baritone)

Goblin Slave Driver (Baritone)

Gollum (Tenor)

1st Spider (Soprano)

2nd Spider (Soprano)

3rd Spider (Mezzo)

4th Spider (Mezzo)

Smaug, the dragon (Bass)

'''CHORUS:'''

Elves, men and women of Lake Town, Orcs, Dwarves, Wargs & Spiders

== Synopsis ==
'''PART I - OVER HILL AND UNDER HILL'''

1 AN UNEXPECTED PARTY

Scene One    In the peaceful land of the Shire, the hobbit Bilbo Baggins is sitting outside his front door smoking a morning pipe when the wizard Gandalf arrives, searching for someone to participate in an ‘adventure’ that he is organising. The flustered and panic-stricken hobbit stammers out his refusal, but allows himself to be pressured into issuing an invitation to call for tea the next day.

Scene Two    Bilbo is however horrified when a collection of twelve dwarves arrives before Gandalf even appears, including Thorin Oakenshield the exiled King under the Lonely Mountain. The dwarves sing of their longing for their homeland, and Thorin explains how they were dispossessed by the dragon Smaug who stole their treasure. Bilbo allows himself to be enticed into joining their quest.

Scene Three    Out in the wilds, the company are dismayed when Gandalf seemingly abandons them and they fall victim to three marauding trolls who capture and propose to eat them. They are only saved when Gandalf returns and foments arguments among the trolls until they are caught and petrified by the rising sun. In their cave the dwarves find two Elven swords, and Bilbo takes a knife from the store.

2 RIDDLES IN THE DARK

Prelude    A chorus of elves in the trees welcomes the company to the valley of Rivendell.

Scene One Here Elrond, the master of the house, determines that the swords are heirlooms from the fall of Gondolin, and predicts that they will be needed as the dwarves cross the mountains.

Scene Two In the mountains, the company take refuge from a storm in a cave; but the wakeful Bilbo dreams that a crack has opened in the rock-wall only to awaken as orcs emerge to capture the company. Gandalf alone escapes by the use of fire, but the dwarves are taken down to goblin-town.

Scene Three    Here the Great Goblin flies into a rage at the sight of Thorin’s sword, but is killed by Gandalf who leads the company away into the tunnels in search of escape. Bilbo alone is abandoned, and searching the ground he finds a ring which he puts in his pocket.

Scene Four    Bilbo comes to the roots of the mountains, and encounters Gollum who challenges him to a game of riddles promising to show him the way out if his loses. But when Bilbo asks what it is he has in his pocket, Gollum is unable to answer; and it is only when he searches for his ring that he realises that it is missing. In his conversation he reveals that the ring confers invisibility on its wearer, and Bilbo is able to follow him unseen as he rushes to intercept the hobbit’s escape.

Scene Five    Bilbo has the opportunity to kill Gollum, but moved by pity he refrains and dodges past, pursued by Gollum’s curses. He also manages to elude the orc guards and escape from the tunnels.

Scene Six    On the mountainside the dwarves and Gandalf are arguing about what they should do to find the missing hobbit, when Bilbo joins them; but he says nothing of the ring. Wolves are heard howling, and the company escape up the trees as orcs join in pursuit singing in derision. It is only when eagles descend from the mountains that the company are able to escape.

Scene Seven The eagles agree to carry the company away from the mountains towards the east and further on their journey.

3 QUEER LODGINGS

Scene One    The eagles deposit the company at the crossing of the Great River, where Gandalf reveals that he will have to leave them on other ‘urgent business’ once they reach the forest of Mirkwood. In the meantime, he will take them to find assistance.

Scene Two Gandalf and Bilbo arrive at the house of Béorn, a skin changer, who gradually accepts the presence of the dwarves as they tell him of their adventures in the mountains and the killing of the Great Goblin. He lends them horses to take them to Mirkwood, and advises them on the path they should take through the forest.

Interlude The dwarves sing a song regarding the wind blowing around the Lonely Mountain and the lair of Smaug the dragon.

Scene Three    Arriving at the borders of Mirkwood, Gandalf leaves the dwarves and the hobbit to make their own way through the forest.

'''PART II - FIRE AND WATER'''

4 FLIES AND SPIDERS

Scene One In the forest the dwarves see distant lights and are drawn to an Elven feast; but when they attempt to seek help they find themselves in sudden darkness and are lost. Bilbo is left alone once more, but manages to kill as spider that seeks to capture him with his sword which he now calls Sting.

Scene Two    He finds the dwarves tied up in the spiders’ larder, but by mocking the spiders he manages to draw them away after him in pursuit – only for the dwarves then to be captured by the Wood Elves.

Scene Three    The Elvenking interrogates first Thorin and then Balin, but in unable to discover from either what their errand is in the forest. He orders that the dwarves should be imprisoned until they provide information, but Bilbo using his ring of invisibility contrives to slip in unseen.

Scene Four In the dungeons the captain of the guard and the butler are celebrating when Bilbo manages to steal the keys and release the dwarves. He packs them into barrels to be conveyed away down the river, and the Elven porters gaily despatch these into the water.

Scene Five Arriving in Lake Town, the company are greeted by Bard as the leader of the guards are brought to the Master, who offers them assistance despite his scepticism that they will ever contrive to defeat Smaug.

5 THE GATHERING OF THE CLOUDS

Scene One Thorin standing on the slopes of the Lonely Mountains searches for the hidden door into the caverns below, but it is Bilbo who led by the singing of a thrush actually finds the entrance.

Scene Two    Descending into the heart of the Mountain, the invisible Bilbo is able to engage in conversation with Smaug, discover the weakness in his armoured scales, and elude capture, but not before the dragon has realised that the raiders must have received help from the men of Lake Town.

Scene Three       Bilbo escapes back to the dwarves on the mountainside, and tells the dwarves of his discovery of Smaug’s vulnerability overheard by the thrush; but the dragon sets off to Lake Town in search of revenge.

Scene Four       Bard rouses the archers of Lake Town to resist the marauding dragon, but it is not until the thrush tells him of Smaug’s weak point that his arrow is able to find a mark and kill the beast. The folk of Lake Town, led by their Master, lament the destruction of their dwellings, but Bard declares that he will seek to re-establish his ancestral kingdom of Dale in the shadow of the Mountain which he now expects to find deserted.

Scene Five Bilbo persuades the dwarves that they can only escape through the lower caverns of the mountain, despite the peril of the dragon. Reluctantly they agree.

Scene Six Entering the dragon’s den once more, Bilbo finds the Arkenstone, the heart of the Mountain and the most treasured jewel in the hoard, and he is clad by Thorin in dwarvish mail. The thrush re-appears to tell them of the death of the dragon, but warns them that others beside themselves now seek to gain possession of the treasure: not only Bard seeking redress for the damage suffered by the Lake-men, but also the Elves of Mirkwood. Thorin sends the bird to seek aid from his cousin Dáin, and prepares for a siege.

6 THE CLOUDS BURST

Scene One    The dwarves are singing triumphantly of their regained kingdom, when Balin enters to tell them that the armies of both Bard and the Elvenking have now arrived. In parley with them Thorin refuses to negotiate under duress, and Bilbo is left on watch. When Bard approaches surreptitiously, Bilbo gives him the Arkenstone to aid in his bargaining.

Scene Two    The following morning Thorin remains obdurate until Bard offers the Arkenstone in exchange for reparations; and when he discovers that it was Bilbo who has given them the jewel, his fury is only averted by the sudden appearance of Gandalf who intercedes on behalf of the hobbit. Dáin now arrives at the head of an army of dwarves, and suddenly conflict erupts as the assembled forces are attacked by orcs and goblins also in seek of plunder. Pitched battle rages, and Thorin is severely wounded in the struggle. Bilbo, seeing the eagles arrive in the distance, is stunned by a falling stone.

Scene Three Gandalf finds the unconscious hobbit on the battlefield, and takes him to Thorin with whom he is reconciled before the dwarf-king dies. Dáin is now proclaimed as King under the Mountain as the body of Thorin is solemnly interred.

Scene Four Returning to the rejoicing Elves in Rivendell, Gandalf and Bilbo are hailed by Elrond and the latter is designated as an Elf-friend. They listen to the Elves singing as the night falls, and in a visionary final scene Bilbo is seen returning to his home enriched by his experiences.

== Recordings ==
In 2024 Volante Opera Productions announced they are working on a complete demo recording of the work using sampled orchestra and professional opera singers. It will be released by Prima Facie records in 2026.
[[Category:Music]]
[[Category:Classical music]]
[[Category:Stage adaptations]]

Musical Chapters from The Hobbit after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 8

2025-01-15T04:22:58Z

Morgondir: 'Bilbo took takes a knife' --> 'Bilbo takes a knife'

An operatic cycle by composer [[Paul Corfield Godfrey]], ''Musical Chapters from The Hobbit after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien,'' was written between the years 1967-2022. The composer originally planned a massive cycle of eleven evenings of music based in Tolkien's Third Age (the first two of which were to be devoted to ''The Hobbit''). The text was prepared and the entirety of ''The Hobbit'' was composed in short score by the early 1970s and an unsuccessful attempt at gaining the rights from the Tolkien Estate put any further work on hold.

During the autumn of 1974 the composer returned to the scores, and at the recommendation of Alan Bush (his composition tutor at the time) made substantial cuts intended to bring the whole work within the scope of one evening. This cut score was then used as the basis for the full orchestral score, of which only the first two scenes were fully completed (although a number of later passages were also fully scored). The final section of the score, a setting of the poem ''Roads go ever ever on'', was extracted for independent performance as one of the [[Tolkien Songs, Op. 9]].

However, during the period 1982-83 part of the original vocal score was lost, and the only passages preserved were those which had been incorporated into the orchestral suites, those which had already been orchestrated in the complete full score, and one passage which had been photocopied. Some of the thematic material from those sketches inevitably also found their way into the sketches and fragments for what eventually became [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] and even into [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] - as can be seen in the music associated with the enchantments of Sauron in [[Beren and Lúthien, Op. 47 (Opera)]], which originated in the finding of the Ring during ''Over Hill and Under Hill'', or the motif for Smaug, which re-appeared in association with Ancalagon the ancestor of flying dragons at the climax of the battle in [[The War of Wrath, Op. 71 (Opera)]].

During the period 1998-99 the composer returned to the now incomplete score and concluded work on the full orchestration of the first three chapters, restoring the previously cut passages where necessary from the vocal score. He also reproduced the fragments of ''Fire and Water'' which still existed and reconstructed some of the incomplete sections.

Upon completion of the [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] he then finally revisited the work, reworking parts of it to thematically match both that cycle and [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] and recomposing the lost sections in a slightly abridged form.

In 2024 the Tolkien Estate granted the rights to the composer to use the Tolkien texts from [[The Hobbit]].

This cycle is musically connected to the composer's other Tolkien settings, most notably [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] and [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] where characters and themes continue their development.

This part of the cycle contains roughly four hours of music across six chapters.

== Characters ==
'''HOBBITS:'''

Bilbo Baggins (Tenor)

'''WIZARDS AND OTHER ELEMENTALS:'''

Gandalf the Grey, a Wizard (Baritone)

Gwaihir, Lord of the Eagles (Soprano or Tenor)

Landroval, another Eagle (Soprano or Tenor)

Beorn, a shapechanger (Bass)

The Thrush (Soprano)

'''DWARVES:'''

Thorin Oakenshield, King Under the Mountain (Baritone)

Fili, nephew of Thorin (Tenor)

Kili, nephew of Thorin (Tenor)

Dwalin, cousin of Thorin (Baritone)

Balin, cousin of Thorin (Baritone)

Dori, dwarf of Durin's line (Bass)

Nori, dwarf of Durin's line (Baritone)

Ori, dwarf of Durin's line (Baritone)

Oin, distant cousin of Thorin (Tenor)

Gloin, distant cousin of Thorin (Bass)

Bifur, follower of Thorin (Tenor)

Bofur, follower of Thorin (Baritone)

Bombur, follower of Thorin (Bass)

Dain, Lord of the Iron Hills (Baritone)

'''RACE OF MEN:'''

Bard, a bowman of Lake Town (Baritone)

Master of Lake Town (Tenor)

1st Soldier of Lake Town (Tenor)

2nd Soldier of Lake Town (Bass)

'''ELVES:'''

Elrond Halfelven, Lord of Rivendell (Tenor)

Glorfindel, an elf of Rivendell (Tenor)

Thranduil, Elvenking of Mirkwood (Baritone)

Galion, his butler (Bass)

Elven Captain of the Guard (Baritone)

1st Elven Boatman (Tenor)

2nd Elven Boatman (Tenor)

3rd Elven Boatman (Tenor or Baritone)

4th Elven Boatman (Baritone)

5th Elven Boatman (Bass)

6th Elven Boatman (Bass)

'''FORCES OF EVIL:'''

William, a troll (Bass)

Bert, a troll (Bass)

Tom, a troll (Baritone)

The Great Goblin (Tenor)

Goblin Captain (Baritone)

Goblin Slave Driver (Baritone)

Gollum (Tenor)

1st Spider (Soprano)

2nd Spider (Soprano)

3rd Spider (Mezzo)

4th Spider (Mezzo)

Smaug, the dragon (Bass)

'''CHORUS:'''

Elves, men and women of Lake Town, Orcs, Dwarves, Wargs & Spiders

== Synopsis ==
'''PART I - OVER HILL AND UNDER HILL'''

1 AN UNEXPECTED PARTY

Scene One    In the peaceful land of the Shire, the hobbit Bilbo Baggins is sitting outside his front door smoking a morning pipe when the wizard Gandalf arrives, searching for someone to participate in an ‘adventure’ that he is organising. The flustered and panic-stricken hobbit stammers out his refusal, but allows himself to be pressured into issuing an invitation to call for tea the next day.

Scene Two    Bilbo is however horrified when a collection of twelve dwarves arrives before Gandalf even appears, including Thorin Oakenshield the exiled King under the Lonely Mountain. The dwarves sing of their longing for their homeland, and Thorin explains how they were dispossessed by the dragon Smaug who stole their treasure. Bilbo allows himself to be enticed into joining their quest.

Scene Three    Out in the wilds, the company are dismayed when Gandalf seemingly abandons them and they fall victim to three marauding trolls who capture and propose to eat them. They are only saved when Gandalf returns and foments arguments among the trolls until they are caught and petrified by the rising sun. In their cave the dwarves find two Elven swords, and Bilbo takes a knife from the store.

2 RIDDLES IN THE DARK

Prelude    A chorus of elves in the trees welcomes the company to the valley of Rivendell.

Scene One Here Elrond, the master of the house, determines that the swords are heirlooms from the fall of Gondolin, and predicts that they will be needed as the dwarves cross the mountains.

Scene Two In the mountains, the company take refuge from a storm in a cave; but the wakeful Bilbo dreams that a crack has opened in the rock-wall only to awaken as orcs emerge to capture the company. Gandalf alone escapes by the use of fire, but the dwarves are taken down to goblin-town.

Scene Three    Here the Great Goblin flies into a rage at the sight of Thorin’s sword, but is killed by Gandalf who leads the company away into the tunnels in search of escape. Bilbo alone is abandoned, and searching the ground he finds a ring which he puts in his pocket.

Scene Four    Bilbo comes to the roots of the mountains, and encounters Gollum who challenges him to a game of riddles promising to show him the way out if his loses. But when Bilbo asks what it is he has in his pocket, Gollum is unable to answer; and it is only when he searches for his ring that he realises that it is missing. In his conversation he reveals that the ring confers invisibility on its wearer, and Bilbo is able to follow him unseen as he rushes to intercept the hobbit’s escape.

Scene Five    Bilbo has the opportunity to kill Gollum, but moved by pity he refrains and dodges past, pursued by Gollum’s curses. He also manages to elude the orc guards and escape from the tunnels.

Scene Six    On the mountainside the dwarves and Gandalf are arguing about what they should do to find the missing hobbit, when Bilbo joins them; but he says nothing of the ring. Wolves are heard howling, and the company escape up the trees as orcs join in pursuit singing in derision. It is only when eagles descend from the mountains that the company are able to escape.

Scene Seven The eagles agree to carry the company away from the mountains towards the east and further on their journey.

3 QUEER LODGINGS

Scene One    The eagles deposit the company at the crossing of the Great River, where Gandalf reveals that he will have to leave them on other ‘urgent business’ once they reach the forest of Mirkwood. In the meantime, he will take them to find assistance.

Scene Two Gandalf and Bilbo arrive at the house of Béorn, a skin changer, who gradually accepts the presence of the dwarves as they tell him of their adventures in the mountains and the killing of the Great Goblin. He will lend them horses to take them to Mirkwood, and advises them on the path they should take through the forest.

Interlude The dwarves sing a song regarding the wind blowing around the Lonely Mountain and the lair of Smaug the dragon.

Scene Three    Arriving at the borders of Mirkwood, Gandalf leaves the dwarves and the hobbit to make their own way through the forest.

'''PART II - FIRE AND WATER'''

4 FLIES AND SPIDERS

Scene One In the forest the dwarves see distant lights and are drawn to an Elven feast; but when they attempt to seek help they find themselves in sudden darkness and are lost. Bilbo is left alone once more, but manages to kill as spider that seeks to capture him with his sword which he now calls Sting.

Scene Two    He finds the dwarves tied up in the spiders’ larder, but by mocking the spiders he manages to draw them away after him in pursuit – only for the dwarves then to be captured by the Wood Elves.

Scene Three    The Elvenking interrogates first Thorin and then Balin, but in unable to discover from either what their errand is in the forest. He orders that the dwarves should be imprisoned until they provide information, but Bilbo using his ring of invisibility contrives to slip in unseen.

Scene Four In the dungeons the captain of the guard and the butler are celebrating when Bilbo manages to steal the keys and release the dwarves. He packs them into barrels to be conveyed away down the river, and the Elven porters gaily despatch these into the water.

Scene Five Arriving in Lake Town, the company are greeted by Bard as the leader of the guards are brought to the Master, who offers them assistance despite his scepticism that they will ever contrive to defeat Smaug.

5 THE GATHERING OF THE CLOUDS

Scene One Thorin standing on the slopes of the Lonely Mountains searches for the hidden door into the caverns below, but it is Bilbo who led by the singing of a thrush actually finds the entrance.

Scene Two    Descending into the heart of the Mountain, the invisible Bilbo is able to engage in conversation with Smaug, discover the weakness in his armoured scales, and elude capture, but not before the dragon has realised that the raiders must have received help from the men of Lake Town.

Scene Three       Bilbo escapes back to the dwarves on the mountainside, and tells the dwarves of his discovery of Smaug’s vulnerability overheard by the thrush; but the dragon sets off to Lake Town in search of revenge.

Scene Four       Bard rouses the archers of Lake Town to resist the marauding dragon, but it is not until the thrush tells him of Smaug’s weak point that his arrow is able to find a mark and kill the beast. The folk of Lake Town, led by their Master, lament the destruction of their dwellings, but Bard declares that he will seek to re-establish his ancestral kingdom of Dale in the shadow of the Mountain which he now expects to find deserted.

Scene Five Bilbo persuades the dwarves that they can only escape through the lower caverns of the mountain, despite the peril of the dragon. Reluctantly they agree.

Scene Six Entering the dragon’s den once more, Bilbo finds the Arkenstone, the heart of the Mountain and the most treasured jewel in the hoard, and he is clad by Thorin in dwarvish mail. The thrush re-appears to tell them of the death of the dragon, but warns them that others beside themselves now seek to gain possession of the treasure: not only Bard seeking redress for the damage suffered by the Lake-men, but also the Elves of Mirkwood. Thorin sends the bird to seek aid from his cousin Dáin, and prepares for a siege.

6 THE CLOUDS BURST

Scene One    The dwarves are singing triumphantly of their regained kingdom, when Balin enters to tell them that the armies of both Bard and the Elvenking have now arrived. In parley with them Thorin refuses to negotiate under duress, and Bilbo is left on watch. When Bard approaches surreptitiously, Bilbo gives him the Arkenstone to aid in his bargaining.

Scene Two    The following morning Thorin remains obdurate until Bard offers the Arkenstone in exchange for reparations; and when he discovers that it was Bilbo who has given them the jewel, his fury is only averted by the sudden appearance of Gandalf who intercedes on behalf of the hobbit. Dáin now arrives at the head of an army of dwarves, and suddenly conflict erupts as the assembled forces are attacked by orcs and goblins also in seek of plunder. Pitched battle rages, and Thorin is severely wounded in the struggle. Bilbo, seeing the eagles arrive in the distance, is stunned by a falling stone.

Scene Three Gandalf finds the unconscious hobbit on the battlefield, and takes him to Thorin with whom he is reconciled before the dwarf-king dies. Dáin is now proclaimed as King under the Mountain as the body of Thorin is solemnly interred.

Scene Four Returning to the rejoicing Elves in Rivendell, Gandalf and Bilbo are hailed by Elrond and the latter is designated as an Elf-friend. They listen to the Elves singing as the night falls, and in a visionary final scene Bilbo is seen returning to his home enriched by his experiences.

== Recordings ==
In 2024 Volante Opera Productions announced they are working on a complete demo recording of the work using sampled orchestra and professional opera singers. It will be released by Prima Facie records in 2026.
[[Category:Music]]
[[Category:Classical music]]
[[Category:Stage adaptations]]

Musical Chapters from The Hobbit after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 8

2025-01-15T04:20:40Z

Morgondir: 'Glorfindel, and elf of Rivendell' --> 'Glorfindel, an elf of Rivendell'

An operatic cycle by composer [[Paul Corfield Godfrey]], ''Musical Chapters from The Hobbit after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien,'' was written between the years 1967-2022. The composer originally planned a massive cycle of eleven evenings of music based in Tolkien's Third Age (the first two of which were to be devoted to ''The Hobbit''). The text was prepared and the entirety of ''The Hobbit'' was composed in short score by the early 1970s and an unsuccessful attempt at gaining the rights from the Tolkien Estate put any further work on hold.

During the autumn of 1974 the composer returned to the scores, and at the recommendation of Alan Bush (his composition tutor at the time) made substantial cuts intended to bring the whole work within the scope of one evening. This cut score was then used as the basis for the full orchestral score, of which only the first two scenes were fully completed (although a number of later passages were also fully scored). The final section of the score, a setting of the poem ''Roads go ever ever on'', was extracted for independent performance as one of the [[Tolkien Songs, Op. 9]].

However, during the period 1982-83 part of the original vocal score was lost, and the only passages preserved were those which had been incorporated into the orchestral suites, those which had already been orchestrated in the complete full score, and one passage which had been photocopied. Some of the thematic material from those sketches inevitably also found their way into the sketches and fragments for what eventually became [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] and even into [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] - as can be seen in the music associated with the enchantments of Sauron in [[Beren and Lúthien, Op. 47 (Opera)]], which originated in the finding of the Ring during ''Over Hill and Under Hill'', or the motif for Smaug, which re-appeared in association with Ancalagon the ancestor of flying dragons at the climax of the battle in [[The War of Wrath, Op. 71 (Opera)]].

During the period 1998-99 the composer returned to the now incomplete score and concluded work on the full orchestration of the first three chapters, restoring the previously cut passages where necessary from the vocal score. He also reproduced the fragments of ''Fire and Water'' which still existed and reconstructed some of the incomplete sections.

Upon completion of the [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] he then finally revisited the work, reworking parts of it to thematically match both that cycle and [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] and recomposing the lost sections in a slightly abridged form.

In 2024 the Tolkien Estate granted the rights to the composer to use the Tolkien texts from [[The Hobbit]].

This cycle is musically connected to the composer's other Tolkien settings, most notably [[Epic Scenes from The Silmarillion after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien (Complete)]] and [[Musical chapters from The Lord of the Rings after the mythology of J. R. R. Tolkien, Op. 73]] where characters and themes continue their development.

This part of the cycle contains roughly four hours of music across six chapters.

== Characters ==
'''HOBBITS:'''

Bilbo Baggins (Tenor)

'''WIZARDS AND OTHER ELEMENTALS:'''

Gandalf the Grey, a Wizard (Baritone)

Gwaihir, Lord of the Eagles (Soprano or Tenor)

Landroval, another Eagle (Soprano or Tenor)

Beorn, a shapechanger (Bass)

The Thrush (Soprano)

'''DWARVES:'''

Thorin Oakenshield, King Under the Mountain (Baritone)

Fili, nephew of Thorin (Tenor)

Kili, nephew of Thorin (Tenor)

Dwalin, cousin of Thorin (Baritone)

Balin, cousin of Thorin (Baritone)

Dori, dwarf of Durin's line (Bass)

Nori, dwarf of Durin's line (Baritone)

Ori, dwarf of Durin's line (Baritone)

Oin, distant cousin of Thorin (Tenor)

Gloin, distant cousin of Thorin (Bass)

Bifur, follower of Thorin (Tenor)

Bofur, follower of Thorin (Baritone)

Bombur, follower of Thorin (Bass)

Dain, Lord of the Iron Hills (Baritone)

'''RACE OF MEN:'''

Bard, a bowman of Lake Town (Baritone)

Master of Lake Town (Tenor)

1st Soldier of Lake Town (Tenor)

2nd Soldier of Lake Town (Bass)

'''ELVES:'''

Elrond Halfelven, Lord of Rivendell (Tenor)

Glorfindel, an elf of Rivendell (Tenor)

Thranduil, Elvenking of Mirkwood (Baritone)

Galion, his butler (Bass)

Elven Captain of the Guard (Baritone)

1st Elven Boatman (Tenor)

2nd Elven Boatman (Tenor)

3rd Elven Boatman (Tenor or Baritone)

4th Elven Boatman (Baritone)

5th Elven Boatman (Bass)

6th Elven Boatman (Bass)

'''FORCES OF EVIL:'''

William, a troll (Bass)

Bert, a troll (Bass)

Tom, a troll (Baritone)

The Great Goblin (Tenor)

Goblin Captain (Baritone)

Goblin Slave Driver (Baritone)

Gollum (Tenor)

1st Spider (Soprano)

2nd Spider (Soprano)

3rd Spider (Mezzo)

4th Spider (Mezzo)

Smaug, the dragon (Bass)

'''CHORUS:'''

Elves, men and women of Lake Town, Orcs, Dwarves, Wargs & Spiders

== Synopsis ==
'''PART I - OVER HILL AND UNDER HILL'''

1 AN UNEXPECTED PARTY

Scene One    In the peaceful land of the Shire, the hobbit Bilbo Baggins is sitting outside his front door smoking a morning pipe when the wizard Gandalf arrives, searching for someone to participate in an ‘adventure’ that he is organising. The flustered and panic-stricken hobbit stammers out his refusal, but allows himself to be pressured into issuing an invitation to call for tea the next day.

Scene Two    Bilbo is however horrified when a collection of twelve dwarves arrives before Gandalf even appears, including Thorin Oakenshield the exiled King under the Lonely Mountain. The dwarves sing of their longing for their homeland, and Thorin explains how they were dispossessed by the dragon Smaug who stole their treasure. Bilbo allows himself to be enticed into joining their quest.

Scene Three    Out in the wilds, the company are dismayed when Gandalf seemingly abandons them and they fall victim to three marauding trolls who capture and propose to eat them. They are only saved when Gandalf returns and foments arguments among the trolls until they are caught and petrified by the rising sun. In their cave the dwarves find two Elven swords, and Bilbo took takes a knife from the store.

2 RIDDLES IN THE DARK

Prelude    A chorus of elves in the trees welcomes the company to the valley of Rivendell.

Scene One Here Elrond, the master of the house, determines that the swords are heirlooms from the fall of Gondolin, and predicts that they will be needed as the dwarves cross the mountains.

Scene Two In the mountains, the company take refuge from a storm in a cave; but the wakeful Bilbo dreams that a crack has opened in the rock-wall only to awaken as orcs emerge to capture the company. Gandalf alone escapes by the use of fire, but the dwarves are taken down to goblin-town.

Scene Three    Here the Great Goblin flies into a rage at the sight of Thorin’s sword, but is killed by Gandalf who leads the company away into the tunnels in search of escape. Bilbo alone is abandoned, and searching the ground he finds a ring which he puts in his pocket.

Scene Four    Bilbo comes to the roots of the mountains, and encounters Gollum who challenges him to a game of riddles promising to show him the way out if his loses. But when Bilbo asks what it is he has in his pocket, Gollum is unable to answer; and it is only when he searches for his ring that he realises that it is missing. In his conversation he reveals that the ring confers invisibility on its wearer, and Bilbo is able to follow him unseen as he rushes to intercept the hobbit’s escape.

Scene Five    Bilbo has the opportunity to kill Gollum, but moved by pity he refrains and dodges past, pursued by Gollum’s curses. He also manages to elude the orc guards and escape from the tunnels.

Scene Six    On the mountainside the dwarves and Gandalf are arguing about what they should do to find the missing hobbit, when Bilbo joins them; but he says nothing of the ring. Wolves are heard howling, and the company escape up the trees as orcs join in pursuit singing in derision. It is only when eagles descend from the mountains that the company are able to escape.

Scene Seven The eagles agree to carry the company away from the mountains towards the east and further on their journey.

3 QUEER LODGINGS

Scene One    The eagles deposit the company at the crossing of the Great River, where Gandalf reveals that he will have to leave them on other ‘urgent business’ once they reach the forest of Mirkwood. In the meantime, he will take them to find assistance.

Scene Two Gandalf and Bilbo arrive at the house of Béorn, a skin changer, who gradually accepts the presence of the dwarves as they tell him of their adventures in the mountains and the killing of the Great Goblin. He will lend them horses to take them to Mirkwood, and advises them on the path they should take through the forest.

Interlude The dwarves sing a song regarding the wind blowing around the Lonely Mountain and the lair of Smaug the dragon.

Scene Three    Arriving at the borders of Mirkwood, Gandalf leaves the dwarves and the hobbit to make their own way through the forest.

'''PART II - FIRE AND WATER'''

4 FLIES AND SPIDERS

Scene One In the forest the dwarves see distant lights and are drawn to an Elven feast; but when they attempt to seek help they find themselves in sudden darkness and are lost. Bilbo is left alone once more, but manages to kill as spider that seeks to capture him with his sword which he now calls Sting.

Scene Two    He finds the dwarves tied up in the spiders’ larder, but by mocking the spiders he manages to draw them away after him in pursuit – only for the dwarves then to be captured by the Wood Elves.

Scene Three    The Elvenking interrogates first Thorin and then Balin, but in unable to discover from either what their errand is in the forest. He orders that the dwarves should be imprisoned until they provide information, but Bilbo using his ring of invisibility contrives to slip in unseen.

Scene Four In the dungeons the captain of the guard and the butler are celebrating when Bilbo manages to steal the keys and release the dwarves. He packs them into barrels to be conveyed away down the river, and the Elven porters gaily despatch these into the water.

Scene Five Arriving in Lake Town, the company are greeted by Bard as the leader of the guards are brought to the Master, who offers them assistance despite his scepticism that they will ever contrive to defeat Smaug.

5 THE GATHERING OF THE CLOUDS

Scene One Thorin standing on the slopes of the Lonely Mountains searches for the hidden door into the caverns below, but it is Bilbo who led by the singing of a thrush actually finds the entrance.

Scene Two    Descending into the heart of the Mountain, the invisible Bilbo is able to engage in conversation with Smaug, discover the weakness in his armoured scales, and elude capture, but not before the dragon has realised that the raiders must have received help from the men of Lake Town.

Scene Three       Bilbo escapes back to the dwarves on the mountainside, and tells the dwarves of his discovery of Smaug’s vulnerability overheard by the thrush; but the dragon sets off to Lake Town in search of revenge.

Scene Four       Bard rouses the archers of Lake Town to resist the marauding dragon, but it is not until the thrush tells him of Smaug’s weak point that his arrow is able to find a mark and kill the beast. The folk of Lake Town, led by their Master, lament the destruction of their dwellings, but Bard declares that he will seek to re-establish his ancestral kingdom of Dale in the shadow of the Mountain which he now expects to find deserted.

Scene Five Bilbo persuades the dwarves that they can only escape through the lower caverns of the mountain, despite the peril of the dragon. Reluctantly they agree.

Scene Six Entering the dragon’s den once more, Bilbo finds the Arkenstone, the heart of the Mountain and the most treasured jewel in the hoard, and he is clad by Thorin in dwarvish mail. The thrush re-appears to tell them of the death of the dragon, but warns them that others beside themselves now seek to gain possession of the treasure: not only Bard seeking redress for the damage suffered by the Lake-men, but also the Elves of Mirkwood. Thorin sends the bird to seek aid from his cousin Dáin, and prepares for a siege.

6 THE CLOUDS BURST

Scene One    The dwarves are singing triumphantly of their regained kingdom, when Balin enters to tell them that the armies of both Bard and the Elvenking have now arrived. In parley with them Thorin refuses to negotiate under duress, and Bilbo is left on watch. When Bard approaches surreptitiously, Bilbo gives him the Arkenstone to aid in his bargaining.

Scene Two    The following morning Thorin remains obdurate until Bard offers the Arkenstone in exchange for reparations; and when he discovers that it was Bilbo who has given them the jewel, his fury is only averted by the sudden appearance of Gandalf who intercedes on behalf of the hobbit. Dáin now arrives at the head of an army of dwarves, and suddenly conflict erupts as the assembled forces are attacked by orcs and goblins also in seek of plunder. Pitched battle rages, and Thorin is severely wounded in the struggle. Bilbo, seeing the eagles arrive in the distance, is stunned by a falling stone.

Scene Three Gandalf finds the unconscious hobbit on the battlefield, and takes him to Thorin with whom he is reconciled before the dwarf-king dies. Dáin is now proclaimed as King under the Mountain as the body of Thorin is solemnly interred.

Scene Four Returning to the rejoicing Elves in Rivendell, Gandalf and Bilbo are hailed by Elrond and the latter is designated as an Elf-friend. They listen to the Elves singing as the night falls, and in a visionary final scene Bilbo is seen returning to his home enriched by his experiences.

== Recordings ==
In 2024 Volante Opera Productions announced they are working on a complete demo recording of the work using sampled orchestra and professional opera singers. It will be released by Prima Facie records in 2026.
[[Category:Music]]
[[Category:Classical music]]
[[Category:Stage adaptations]]

Rayner Unwin

2025-01-15T04:07:12Z

Morgondir: 'might have never been' --> 'might never have been'

[[Image:Rayner Unwin.gif|thumb|Rayner Unwin]]
{{quote|But I have friendly personal relations with Stanley (whom all the same I do not much like) and with his second son Rayner (whom I do like very much).|[[Letter 123]]}}
'''Rayner Stephens Unwin''' [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] ([[23 December]], [[1925]] – [[23 November]], [[2000]]) was chairman of the [[Allen and Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]]. He was the son of Sir [[Stanley Unwin]], co-founder of the publishing firm.

==Biography==
Rayner was the second son of Sir [[Stanley Unwin]] after [[Wikipedia:David Severn|David]]. His second cousin was Harold "Chris" Unwin, who later would serve in R.A.F. with [[Christopher Tolkien]] and would become close friends.<ref>{{L|98}}</ref>

He reviewed [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Hobbit]]'' at age 10 and without his praise of the book it might never have been published.

Tolkien appreciated young Rayner's taste and considered him a good critic. While still planning on a sequel to ''The Hobbit'' in [[1938]], he wanted to send him the drafts; being uncertain about the [[A Long-expected Party|first chapter]] of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', he thought Rayner's opinion would encourage him to follow the story.<ref>{{L|18}}</ref><ref>{{L|21}}</ref> Rayner didn't enjoy the next chapters as they had too much "hobbit talk".<ref>{{L|28}}</ref>

In summer [[1944]] Unwin was reading English at [[Oxford]] as a naval cadet.<ref>{{L|74}}</ref>

In the meantime Tolkien resented that Stanley Unwin wouldn't wait to publish his ''[[Silmarillion]]'', and while writing ''The Lord of the Rings'' he hoped that both would be published together. He also hoped that he would reach an agreement with London publisher [[Collins]].<ref>{{L|123}}</ref> The Unwins were concerned about the resulting size of ''The Lord of the Rings'', while Tolkien insisted that it would not be cut, while also insisting that it belonged to the same Saga as ''The Silmarillion'' and would not be published separately.<ref>{{L|124}}</ref> Asked his opinion on these issues by his father, Rayner wrote that despite Tolkien's connecting the two works, he did not feel the lack of ''The Silmarillion''. He proposed to have Tolkien or one of his sons edit ''The Lord of the Rings'' accordingly, incorporating parts of ''The Silmarillion'' as needed; otherwise they could just publish ''The Lord of the Rings'' and reject ''The Silmarillion'' later. Although this letter was not intended to be seen by Tolkien, Stanley sent it,<ref>{{L|127}}</ref> disappointing Tolkien, who eventually turned to Collins.<ref name=rc>{{HM|RC}}</ref>{{rp|p. xxx}}

Ultimately Tolkien wasn't able to reach an agreement with Collins either. In late [[1951]] Rayner wrote to Tolkien, and again the [[1952|next year]] enquiring about ''[[Errantry]]'' and his publishing process (''The Lord of the Rings'' remained unpublished). They exchanged letters with kind and warm words, with Tolkien humbly admitting his bad behavior and compromising<ref>{{L|133}}, p. 163</ref> and Rayner expressing his interest in reading again ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''The Silmarillion'' and promising to discuss the latter in a more appropriate time. This seemed to end their dispute and enabled Tolkien to revise ''The Lord of the Rings'' once more.<ref name=rc/>{{rp|p. xxxi}}

After reading the newly revised book, Rayner telegraphed his father in [[November]] [[1952]] saying that publication of the ''Rings'' was the work of a genius but would be risky; to which Stanley replied "If you believe it is a work of genius, ''then'' you may lose a thousand pounds".<ref name=rc/>{{rp|p. xxxii}}

While the book was being prepared for publication in the summer of [[1953]], Rayner discussed various details with Tolkien, such as the titles for each of the three volumes,<ref>{{L|136}}, [[Letter 139]]</ref> as it was eventually decided. In his own suggestions, he erroneously proposed ''The Lord of the Rings'' applying to the first volume, without an overall title for the complete work. He also ultimately chose ''[[The Return of the King]]'' for the final volume (instead of ''[[The War of the Ring]]''), despite Tolkien thinking that it gave away the plot.<ref name=rc/>{{rp|p. xxxiii-xxxiv}} That summer he also visited Tolkien in his house (obviously [[76 Sandfield Road]]), and the visit was so hasty that Tolkien neglected to offer him a refreshment.<ref>{{L|140}}</ref>

Rayner Unwin and [[Norman Davis]] (Tolkien's successor) planned to commemorate Tolkien's 70th birthday on [[January 3]] [[1963]].<ref>{{L|243}}</ref> Tolkien's and Rayner's friendship remained deep, which Tolkien compared to that of [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]].<ref>{{L|296}}</ref> At several points Tolkien asked Rayner to stop calling him "Professor", which gave an impression of pedantry, and call him "Ronald".<ref>{{L|281}}</ref><ref name=l334/>

In [[1968]], Rayner Unwin followed in his father's footsteps as chairman of the publishing firm; Tolkien lamented that he didn't have enough free time to spend time together any more.<ref>{{L|326}}</ref> On [[28 March]] [[1972]] Tolkien received the [[Order of the British Empire]] at Buckingham Palace; Unwin honoured him with a dinner at the Garrick Club and his firm had arranged their ([[John Tolkien|John]]'s and [[Priscilla Tolkien|Priscilla]]'s) stay at Brown's Hotel in London.<ref name=l334>{{L|334}}</ref>

Rayner had a son, Merlin Unwin ([[May]] [[1954]]) the "second Merlin" Tolkien knew, agreeing it was more appropriate a name than "[[Gandalf]]";<ref>{{L|145}}</ref> and a daughter, Camilla Unwin, who in [[1969]] wrote to Tolkien asking about "the purpose of life" for a school project. Tolkien wrote a long letter, which in the same time was too short for that question.<ref>{{L|310}}</ref>

He retired in [[1985]] and passed away in 2000.

==Bibliography, selected==

===Books===

*[[1992]]: ''[[The Making of The Lord of the Rings]]''
*[[1999]]: ''[[George Allen and Unwin: A Remembrancer|George Allen & Unwin: A Remembrancer]]''

===Articles===

*[[1936]]: [Manuscript]
**"[[Report on the Hobbit]]"
*[[1982]]: [[The Sunday Times Magazine 19 September 1982|''The Sunday Times Magazine'' 19 September]]
**"The Return of Tolkien" [interview]
*[[1987]]: ''[[Science Fiction Chronicle 8]]''
**"The Hobbit 50th Anniversary"
*[[1992]]: [[Mallorn 29|''Mallorn'' 29]]
**"Publishing Tolkien"
*[[1993]]: ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography]]''
**"Foreword"
*[[1995]]: ''[[Proceedings of the J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference]]''
**"Publishing Tolkien"
*[[1997]]: ''[[Digging Potatoes, Growing Trees|Digging Potatoes, Growing Trees - Volume 1]]''
**"'How many more volumes in this series?' I don't know, Christopher doesn't know" [Speech at the Tolkien Society's Annual Dinner 1990]
*[[2000]]: ''[[Tolkien's Legendarium]]''
**"Early Days of Elder Days"

==See also==
*[[Stanley Unwin]]
*[[Allen and Unwin]]
*[[Letter to Rayner Unwin (28 December 1953)]]
*[[Letter to Rayner Unwin (12 May 1955)]]
*[[Letter to Rayner Unwin (23 May 1961)]]
*[[Letter to Rayner Unwin (12 October 1972)]]

==External links==

* [http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=74914&back= Entry at Oxford Dictionary]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/movies/tolkien/unwin-video.html Video of Rayner Unwin]
*[http://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/nov/27/guardianobituaries.books Rayner Unwin Obituary] at theguardian.com
*[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/1376972/Rayner-Unwin.html Rayner Unwin Obituary] at telegraph.co.uk
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/08/arts/rayner-s-unwin-74-a-publisher-and-early-advocate-for-the-hobbit.html Rayner Unwin Obituary] at the nytimes.com
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Publishers (people)|Unwin, Rayner]]
[[Category:Authors|Unwin, Rayner]]
[[Category:Letter receivers|Unwin, Rayner]]
[[Category:British people|Unwin, Rayner]]
[[Category:People by name|Unwin, Rayner]]

[[de:Rayner Unwin]]
[[fi:Rayner Unwin]]

Taeglin

2025-01-15T03:57:08Z

Morgondir: 'the rivername' --> 'the name of the river'

{{location infobox
| name=Taeglin
| image=Alan Lee - The Death of Túrin.jpg
| caption=Taeglin in its pass by [[Cabed-en-Aras]], by [[Alan Lee]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=South of [[Ered Wethrin]] and [[Brethil]]
| type=River
| description=tributary of [[Sirion]]
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
The '''Taeglin''' was a river in [[Beleriand]], a tributary of [[Sirion]].
==Course==
It rose in the [[Ered Wethrin]] and flowed southeast through [[Brethil]] to join Sirion on the borders of [[Doriath]]. It had three minor tributaries: [[Glithui]], [[Malduin]]<ref>{{CH|Map}}</ref> and [[Celebros]].<ref>{{CH|17}}</ref>

In its pass by the southeast of Brethil, it descended through the [[Ravines of Taeglin]] that skirted the eaves of the Forest. Further south, the river could be forded at the [[Crossings of the Taeglin]], near the western border of Brethil. A road ran through it from [[Nargothrond]] to [[Minas Tirith (Beleriand)|Minas Tirith]].
==Etymology==
The element ''[[taeg]]'' means "boundary".<ref name="WJ">{{WJ|Hurin}}, pp. 309-10</ref>

In the ''[[Etymologies]]'' the name appears in its earlier form "Taiglin" and its second element appears to be ''[[lin]]'' "pool".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry LIN(1)</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In earlier writings, the river was called '''Teiglin'''. As revealed in the ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series, the name of the river should actually have been spelt ''Taeglin'' ("Boundary River").<ref name="WJ"/> This was a relatively late change which was not adopted into the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', which uses the old name, as does ''[[The Children of Húrin]]''.
{{references}}
[[Category:Rivers of Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]

[[de:Teiglin]]
[[fi:Teiglin]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/eaux/beleriand/teiglin]]

Song of Boromir

2025-01-15T03:47:32Z

Morgondir: /* Portrayal in adaptations */

{{disambig-two|the lament for [[Boromir]]|book chapter in [[The Two Towers]]|[[The Departure of Boromir]]}}

[[File:Anke Eißmann - The departure of Boromir.jpg|250px|thumb|"The departure of Boromir" by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]

The '''Song of Boromir'''<ref>{{TI|Boromir}}, note 8</ref> was a lament sung by [[Aragorn]] and [[Legolas]] as the funeral-boat of [[Boromir]] drifted away.

==Song==
<blockquote>
:Aragorn sang:
''Through [[Rohan]] over fen and field where the long grass grows ''
''The West Wind comes walking, and about the walls it goes. ''
''‘What news from the West, O wandering wind, do you bring to me tonight? ''
''Have you seen Boromir the Tall by moon or by starlight? ''
''‘I saw him ride over seven streams, over waters wide and grey, ''
''I saw him walk in empty lands until he passed away ''
''Into the shadows of the North, I saw him then no more. ''
''The North Wind may have heard the horn of the son of [[Denethor]], ''
''‘O Boromir! From the high walls westward I looked afar, ''
''But you came not from the empty lands where no men are.’ ''
 
:Then Legolas sang:
''From the mouths of the [[Bay of Belfalas|Sea]] the South Wind flies, from the sandhills and the stones, ''
''The wailing of the gulls it bears, and at the gate it moans. ''
''‘What news from the South, O sighing wind, do you bring to me at eve? ''
''Where now is Boromir the Fair? He tarries and I grieve. ''
''‘Ask not of me where he doth dwell – so many bones there lie, ''
''On the white shores and the dark shores under the stormy sky, ''
''So many have passed down [[Anduin]] to find the flowing Sea. ''
''Ask of the North Wind news of them the North Wind sends to me!’ ''
''‘O Boromir! Beyond the gate the seaward road runs south, ''
''But you came not with the wailing gulls from the grey sea’s mouth’. ''
 
:Then Aragorn sang again:
''From the [[Argonath|Gate of the Kings]] the North Wind rides, and past the roaring falls, ''
''And clear and cold about the tower its loud horn calls. ''
''‘What news from the North, O mighty wind, do you bring to me today? ''
''What news of Boromir the bold? For he is long away.’ ''
''‘Beneath [[Amon Hen]] I heard his cry. There many foes he fought, ''
''His cloven shield, his broken sword, they to the water brought. ''
''His head so proud, his face so fair, his limbs they laid to rest, ''
''And [[Rauros]], golden Rauros-falls, bore him upon its breast. ''
''‘O Boromir! The [[Tower of Guard]] shall ever northward gaze, ''
''To Rauros, golden Rauros-falls, until the end of days.' ''
</blockquote>

[[Gimli]] then commented that they left the east wind to him, but he would not sing of it. Aragorn responded that the people of Gondor endure the east wind but do not ask it for tidings, because in that direction lies [[Mordor]] and the Evil in the East.<ref>{{TT|III1}}</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2001: [[Pán prsteňov (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)|''Pán prsteňov'' (2001-2003 Slovak radio series)]]:'''
:The song, accompanied by a slow and mournful melody, appears during the watery funeral of Boromir, with Legolas (portrayed by Richard Stanke), Aragorn (portrayed by Boriš Farkaš) and Gimli (portrayed by Vladimír Hajdu) taking turns while singing.

==See also==
*[[Poems in The Lord of the Rings|Poems in ''The Lord of the Rings'']]

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONMEwDdatSM Lament for Boromir as sung by Adele McCallister]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kM8KIMYv4os Rendition from 2000s Slovak radio series] ''(sung by Richard Stanke as Legolas, Boris Farkaš as Aragorn, Vladimír Hajdu as Gimli)''
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjPxuY9djhw Lament for Boromir - Enhanced Edition - Clamavi De Profundis]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDN1sA3Fpqg Karliene - Lament for Boromir]
{{references}}

[[Category:Poems in The Two Towers]]
[[Category:Songs]]

Isildur

2025-01-14T01:53:28Z

Morgondir: grammatical errors corrected

{{infobox character
| people=[[Númenóreans|Númenórean]]
| name=Isildur
| image=Liz Danforth - Isildur.png
| caption="Isildur" by [[Liz Danforth]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=Great King, [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], King of all the Dúnedain, [[King of Arnor]], [[King of Gondor]], King of the Southern Realm, Lord of Arnor and Gondor
| position=
| location=[[Númenor]], [[Gondor]]
| affiliation=[[Faithful]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]] and [[Adûnaic]]
| birth={{SA|3209}}
| birthlocation=[[Númenor]]
| rule={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3440}} (joint reign of [[Gondor]]) {{SA|3441}} - {{TA|2}} ([[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]])
| death=[[5 October]], {{TA|2}}
| deathlocation=[[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]
| age=234
| notablefor=Founded [[Gondor]] with [[Anárion]] and later cut the [[One Ring]] from the hand of [[Sauron]]
| house=[[House of Elendil]], founded the [[House of Isildur]]
| parentage=[[Elendil]]
| siblings=[[Anárion]]
| spouse=
| children=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], [[Ciryon]] & [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]
| gender=Male
| height=7 feet (2.13 m)<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 272 citing from a note written by J.R.R. Tolkien approximately in the year 1969</ref>
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Narsil]]
| steed=
}}
'''Isildur''' was the eldest son and heir of [[Elendil]], the first [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] of the [[Realms in Exile]].

== History ==
===Early Years in Númenor===
Isildur was born in Númenor in {{SA|3209}}. He was the elder son of [[Elendil]], son of [[Amandil]], the last [[Lords of Andúnië|Lord of Andúnië]]. His younger brother was [[Anárion]]. While living in the island realm he married and his first son, [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]] was born in {{SA|3299|n}}.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>

Isildur learned from Amandil that King [[Ar-Pharazôn]], under the influence of [[Sauron]], purposed to cut down [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]]. One night Isildur went in disguise to [[Armenelos]] and from the courts of the King stole a fruit from the tree before it was cut down, thus preserving the line of the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]]. It is said that he received grievous wounds from the King's guards before escaping but that they all healed when a leaf first appeared on the sapling that grew from the fruit he had taken.<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

When Ar-Pharazôn ordered the [[Great Armament]] to assail the land of [[Aman]], Elendil and his sons prepared ships to escape from Númenor. In the ship of Isildur was guarded the young White Tree.<ref name="Akallabeth"/> When the [[Downfall of Númenor]] came in {{SA|3319|n}}<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> Elendil and his sons escaped in nine ships – four for Elendil, three for Isildur, and two for Anárion.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>

===Joint Reign of Gondor===
In the great storm that came with the drowning of Númenor the nine ships of the Exiles were borne to the east and scattered. Elendil was cast up in the land of [[Lindon]], passed up the River [[Lhûn]], and founded the realm of [[Arnor]]. Isildur and Anárion were carried to the south. Arriving at the mouths of the [[Anduin]], they ascended the great river and founded the realm of [[Gondor]].<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> While the Exiles were establishing their [[Realms in Exile]] in {{SA|3320}} however, Sauron had also escaped and re-established his power in [[Mordor]] .<ref name="SA"/>

Isildur set up his house in [[Minas Ithil]], where he planted the White Tree, while Anárion established his household in [[Minas Anor]]. However, they jointly ruled the kingdom and set up thrones side by side in the Great Hall of [[Osgiliath]].<ref name="Rings"/> Isildur and his wife had two more sons, [[Aratan]] (in {{SA|3339|n}}) and [[Ciryon]] (in {{SA|3379|n}}), while living in Gondor.<ref name="Elendil"/>

In {{SA|3429|n}} [[Sauron]] [[First Fall of Minas Ithil|captured Minas Ithil]] and burnt the White Tree. Yet Isildur escaped with his wife and sons, and a seedling of the White Tree. While Anárion held Osgiliath, Isildur and his family sailed down the Anduin, then northwest his father in [[Arnor]] and to [[Gil-galad]] in [[Lindon]].<ref name="SA"/><ref name="Rings"/>

===The War of the Last Alliance===
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Isildur mural.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Isildur mural'' in ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)]]'', art by [[Alan Lee]]]]
In {{SA|3430}}, the same year that Isildur's fourth son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] was born, Isildur's father Elendil and Gil-galad formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. The army of the Alliance marched to [[Rivendell|Imladris]] in {{SA|3431|n}}, where Isildur left his wife and Valandil before the host moved on. In {{SA|3434|n}} the combined armies of Elves and Men crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] and marched on to the [[Dagorlad]]. There the forces of Sauron were defeated and he retreated into the [[Barad-dûr]] to withstand a siege.<ref name="SA"/>

The siege lasted seven years, but finally Elendil and Gil-galad threw down Sauron, thus winning the battle though both were slain and Elendil's sword [[Narsil]] broke under him as he fell. Isildur took the hilt shard of his father's sword and cut [[the One Ring]] from Sauron's finger. Ignoring the advice of [[Elrond]] and [[Círdan]], lieutenant of Gil-galad, Isildur did not destroy the Ring; instead he claimed it as a weregild for the deaths of his father and brother, and an heirloom for his House.<ref name="Rings"/>

===Triumph and Disaster===
After the fall of Sauron, Isildur returned to Gondor and assumed the [[Elendilmir]], proclaiming his Kingship in Arnor and sovereign lordship over the [[Dúnedain]] in both the North and the South.<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> He remained for a year in the South, planted the seedling of the White Tree in Minas Anor in memory of his brother [[Anárion]], put the realm to order, and instructed his nephew [[Meneldil]], son of Anárion, in the governance of the land.<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref> With Meneldil and a company of trusted friends, Isildur rode about the boundaries of Gondor and in [[Anórien]] created the [[Tomb of Elendil|tomb]] and memorial of Elendil upon the hill of [[Eilenaer]], thereafter called [[Amon Anwar]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> While he remained there, he wrote an [[Scroll of Isildur|account]] on how he acquired the Ring, its significance to his [[House of Isildur|House]] and where he transcribed a [[Ring Verse|verse]] found upon the Ring while it was still hot.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref>

When Isildur finally felt free to leave he committed the rule of Gondor to Meneldil and with his three sons<ref name=ta/> departed on [[5 September|5]] [[Ivanneth]], {{TA|2}}. Instead of heading west and then north they journeyed northwards along the Anduin in order to first come to Imladris where his wife and little son Valandil were.<ref name="Rings"/> On the thirtieth day of the journey, [[5 October|5]] [[Narbeleth]], the King, his sons, and his Guard of two hundred knights and soldiers reached the northern borders of the [[Gladden Fields]]. Isildur believed that all soldiers of the Enemy perished so his camp was unguarded.<ref name="Rings"/> There they were ambushed by a band of [[Orcs]] said to be ten times their number.
[[File:Anke Eißmann - The Death of Isildur.jpg|thumb|''The Death of Isildur'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
As the Orcs closed in, Isildur sent his esquire [[Ohtar]] with one companion to fly with the shards of Narsil. The enemy charged and charged again. One by one Isildur's sons died about him;<ref name=ta/> Elendur was the last and he insisted that Isildur leave with the One Ring. Isildur placed the Ring upon his finger and vanished from the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|battle]].

The Orcs could still sense his smell<ref name="Rings"/> and Isildur ran to the Anduin and swam across the river. It was during this effort that the One Ring slipped from his finger. As he struggled to escape the reeds and rushes on the shore a small party of Orcs spotted him and shot him. He fell back into the water and no trace of him was found by Elves or Men.<ref name="Gladden"/>

===Legacy===
The [[House of Isildur|line of Isildur]] continued, for Valandil became king of Arnor. Isildur's line continued unbroken throughout the [[Third Age]] until it formed the basis for [[Aragorn]]'s claim to the kingship of Arnor and Gondor after the downfall of Sauron.<ref>{{RK|VI5}}</ref>

In the riddling rhyme "''Seek for the Sword that was Broken''" the Ring is referred to cryptically as ''Isildur's Bane''.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref>

After the [[War of the Ring]] the tower of [[Orthanc]] was opened, for King Elessar desired its restoration. Behind a hidden door in a steel closet was found Isildur's [[Star of Elendil|Elendilmir]]. It was surmised that [[Saruman]] had found the bones of the long-lost king and had taken the ''[[mithril]]'' fillet with its jewel for his own, possibly destroying the king's remains afterwards.<ref name="Gladden"/>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Isildur.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Isildur'' is a [[Quenya]] name, meaning "Servant of the Moon", from ''[[Ithil]]'' ("Moon") + ''[[-dur]]'' ("servant").<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 28</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | AMA | | | | | |AMA=[[Amandil]] ''Sailed west {{SA|3316}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | ELE | | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]] ''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ISI | | | | | | | | ANA |ISI='''ISILDUR''' ''{{SA|3209}} - {{TA|2}}''†|ANA=[[Anárion]] ''{{SA|3219}} - {{SA|3440|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | ELE | | ARA | | CIR | | VAL | | GON |ELE=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]] ''{{SA|3299}} - {{TA|2}}''†|ARA=[[Aratan]] ''{{SA|3339}} - {{TA|2}}''†|CIR=[[Ciryon]] ''{{SA|3379}} - {{TA|2}}''†|VAL=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] ''{{SA|3430}} - {{TA|249}}''|GON=[[Kings of Gondor|''Kings of Gondor'']]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELD | | | | |ELD=[[Eldacar (King of Arnor)|Eldacar]] ''{{TA|87}} - {{TA|339|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Isildur in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="250px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Isildur.jpg|[[Harry Sinclair]] as Isildur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Isildur.jpg|Isildur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Isildur.jpg|[[Maxim Baldry]] as Isildur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''
</gallery>
===Films===
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:Prince Isildur is mentioned in the [[Prologue: A Ring's Tale (1978 scene)|prologue]], and he is shown to cut the Ring off Sauron's hand in battle, rather than from a defeated Sauron.

'''2001-2002: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Isildur briefly appears in the first scenes of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|the first film]], as well as an extended flashback scene. Isildur is played by [[Harry Sinclair]]. Sinclair, a friend of [[Peter Jackson]], was asked because he was the most corrupt looking person Jackson knew. Sinclair had only one line, "No!", which was dubbed by [[Hugo Weaving]]. The story of Isildur's succumbing to the temptation of the Ring bothers Aragorn who fears that he could have the same weakness (a fear that is not evident in the book). In the book, the Ring simply disappeared when Isildur died and nobody knew what had happened to it until it was found by Gollum over 2000 years later.

===Television===
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'', Season One:'''
:Isildur is portrayed by [[Maxim Baldry]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Alice Jones]]|articleurl=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2022/02/amazon-the-rings-of-power-series-first-look|articlename=Amazon's Lord of the Rings Series Rises: Inside The Rings of Power
|dated=10-February-2022|website=[https://www.vanityfair.com VanityFair]|accessed=12-February-2022}}</ref> None of the plotlines in which he is involved are found in the books, including his travelling to the Southlands and joining Galadriel's invasion of the Southlands at the head of the Númenorian army. He first appears on the [[Adar (episode)|third episode]] on a ship at sea near [[Númenor]]. He is later presumed dead after a burning log falls on him in the [[Mordor|Southlands]].

===Games===
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':'''
:In the game starts with a prologue, where you control Isildur on the slopes of Mount Doom. After you complete the mission you see how Isildur defeats Sauron. By completing the Tower of Orthanc bonus level, Isildur becomes a playable character in the other stages, where he takes the place of his descendant Aragorn. Strangely, Isildur's version of the "Tower of Orthanc" level has the same script as Aragorn's, leading to Saruman referring to the ancient King of Gondor as a "ragtag Ranger".

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Isildur appears only in cinematics battling [[Sauron]]. However, in the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|expansion pack ''The Rise of the Witch-king'']], Isildur is mentioned in more detail in the [[Angmar]] campaign.

'''2007-2019: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Isildur makes an appearance in a flashback scene titled "At the Stone of Erech". It covers the oath given to Isildur by the men of [[Dunharrow]], subsequent return of Sauron several years later, the betrayal of the Dunharrow men and the curse that Isildur lays upon them. He also appears during the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], during the High Elf introduction, as well as in a flashback of the battle.

:With Update 24.2, it is revealed that the Shade of Isildur was saved by Gultháva, the River-maiden of the Gladden, who kept the lost king secluded within a secret grotto in order to protect him from harm. He is encountered after the [[War of the Ring]], in an abandoned dwarf-hold situated above the [[Gladden Fields]].
'''2017: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]'':'''
:After Isildur's (voiced by [[Nolan North]]) death, the Orcs brought his body to the diminished and vengeful [[Sauron]], who put a [[Nine Rings|Ring of Power]] on his finger, reviving him as one of his servants and eventually turning him into a [[Nazgûl]]. As one of the Ringwraiths, Isildur was forced to serve the [[Dark Lord]] for all time, until he was defeated and freed by "Talion". Later, the Ranger claimed his ring to survive after [[Celebrimbor]] abandoned him, and eventually took Isildur's place among the Nazgûl after holding back Sauron's forces for decades.

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=numenorean
| house=Founder of the [[House of Isildur]] Continuation of the [[House of Elendil]]
| born={{SA|3209}}
| died=[[5 October]], {{TA|2}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=3
| prev=[[Elendil]]
| list=2nd [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] of the [[Realms in Exile]]
| dates={{SA|3441}} – [[5 October]], {{TA|2}}
| next=Next held by: '''[[Aragorn]]''', 3017 years later
| nvac=Vacant
}}
{{seq
| list=2nd [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]
| dates={{SA|3441}} – [[5 October]], {{TA|2}}
| next=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]
}}
{{seq
| list=2nd [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]] (under [[High King (Dúnedain)|High Kingship]] of [[Elendil]], until {{SA|3441}})
| dates={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3440}} (with [[Anárion]]) {{SA|3440}} - [[5 October]], {{TA|2}}
| next=[[Meneldil]]
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Sauron]]
| list=2nd [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]]
| dates={{SA|3441}} – [[5 October]], {{TA|2}}
| next=Next held by: '''[[Déagol]]''', c. 2461 years later
| nvac=Vacant
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{numenor}}
{{northernline}}
{{southernline}}
{{ringbearers}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Elendil]]
[[Category:House of Isildur| ]]
[[Category:Mariners]]
[[Category:Númenóreans]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Isildur]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/isildur]]
[[fi:Isildur]]

One Ring to Bind Them All: Tolkien's Mythology

2025-01-13T09:49:52Z

Morgondir: spelling correction ('amd' --> 'and')

{{book
|title=One Ring to Bind Them All: Tolkien's Mythology
| image = One Ring to Bind Them All (1979).jpg
|author=[[Anne C. Petty]]
|isbn=0-8173-7328-4
|publisher=Alabama: The University of Alabama Press
|date=[[28 April]] [[1979]]
|format=Hardcover (22 × 14.5 cm)
|pages=122
|}}

'''''One Ring to Bind Them All: Tolkien's Mythology''''' is a study of the folkloristic and mythic structure of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', applying the theories of scholars Joseph Campbell, Vladimir Propp, and Claude Lévi-Strauss. The book was based on [[Anne C. Petty]]'s Ph.D. thesis: ''The Creative Mythology of J.R.R. Tolkien: A Study of the Mythic Impulse'' (Florida State University, 1972; iii, 144 leaves).

==Revised edition==
[[Image:One Ring to Bind Them All (2002).jpg|left|thumb|2002 edition]]
In 2002, a revised edition was published, including a new introduction (pp. [xi]-xxi) and an updated bibliography (pp. [118]-121).

*[[2002]]: ''One Ring to Bind Them All: Tolkien's Mythology.'' Alabama: University of Alabama Press, [September] 2002. xxi, 124 pp. 21.5 × 14 cm. ISBN 0-8173-1205-6 (pbk): $18.95.
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

An Introduction to Elvish

2025-01-13T09:31:07Z

Morgondir: There is no punctuation in the title nor in the subtitle of this book

{{book|
title=An Introduction to Elvish|
image=[[Image:Intro.png|225px]]|
author=[[Jim Allan]] (ed)|
isbn=0905220102|
publisher=Bran's Head|
date=[[January]] [[1978]]|
format=Paperback|
pages= 303|
}}
'''''An Introduction to Elvish''' and to Other Tongues and Proper Names and Writing Systems of the Third Age of the Western Lands of Middle-Earth as Set Forth in the Published Writings of Professor John Ronald Reuel Tolkien'' was a book by [[Jim Allan]] that discussed the [[languages]] of [[Middle-earth]].

The book comprises various articles written by members of the [[Mythopoeic Society]] and its publication was authorized by the [[Mythopoeic Linguistic Fellowship]] (a forerunner of the [[Elvish Linguistic Fellowship]]).

Authors to the articles include: Jim Allan, [[Bill Welden]], [[Paula Marmor]], [[Christopher Gilson]], [[Lise Menn]], [[Laurence J. Krieg]] and others.

Discussing the earliest stages of [[Elvish]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', [[Christopher Tolkien]] suggested this book as a reference for the vocabulary of [[Quenya]] of the later stages.<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}</ref>
==Structure==
===Eldarin tongues===
The first articles offer analyses of the [[Elvish]] texts published. Extrapolation of a sketchy grammar is offered based on the available data, as well as meaning of the names found in the books.

There is also a chapter that goes on to discuss the relationship of [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]] and analyze a possible "[[Common Eldarin|Proto-Eldarin]]" through comparative linguistics.

These chapters are followed by glossaries pointing at possible real-word similarities.

An article written from Tolkien's [[secondary world]] perspective, explains how [[Elvish]] possibly influenced the Indo-European languages.

===Other tongues===
More obscure languages like [[Khuzdul]], [[Black Speech]], "[[Adûnaic]] tongues" and more obscure ones ([[Westron]], [[Mannish]], [[Entish]], "[[Valinorean]]") are also briefly discussed. Their sources are primarily information as given in the [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]].

===Personal names===
A part of the book is dedicated to [[tolkiennymy]] and provides etymologies of the [[Old English]], [[Gothic]] and [[Norse]] names and other words which represent [[Mannish]] languages ([[Westron]] and [[Rohanese]]); possible influences from British and Celtic folklore are pointed out.

There is also a "Baby-book" with all the known [[Germanic]], [[Celtic]] and other real-world ("translated") Hobbit names by category and gender, along with their etymologies.

===Writing systems===
An extensive section with analyses of the [[Tengwar]] and [[Cirth]] in which aims to be more clear and readable presentation of the information of [[Appendix E]], followed by theoretical and structural background, with a possible history of their evolution through time.

Examples of English-tengwar texts used by [[Tolkien fandom|fans]] are given, with analyses and commentaries.

Also, a chapter compares [[Wikipedia:Francis Lodwick|Francis Lodwick]]'s "Universal Alphabet" with Tengwar.

==Sources and validity==
The book was compiled shortly before ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' was published therefore its material was only the works published during Tolkien's lifetime: ''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'', ''[[The_Road_Goes_Ever_On_(book)|The Road Goes Ever On]]'' and ''[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings]]''

The book was complete in [[1977]] but publication was halted for a year. ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' was published in the meantime which included new material that (in few points) obsoleted the theories of the book. A year later, and while the book was still in a hiatus, Jim Allan wrote about those points in the postscript of his Foreword; he points out that updating the text by incorporating the new information would not be possible, and encourages critical comparison by the reader.<ref name=post/>

Since 1977, a great amount of material was published in the ''[[The History of Middle-earth|History of Middle-earth]]'' series, not to mention magazines such as ''[[Vinyar Tengwar]]'' and ''[[Parma Eldalamberon]]''. While fans still appear to consent that the book is one of the best and more serious works, new material have rendered the theories incomplete or outdated. However, some of the parts of the book, like the one concerning real-world names and the writing systems, are still considered to provide useful information.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.amazon.com/review/product/0905220102/ref=cm_cr_dp_synop?_encoding=UTF8&showViewpoints=0&sortBy=bySubmissionDateDescending#R2TPR6UGA05XID|articlename=Customer Reviews of ''An Introduction to Elvish''|dated=|website=AM|accessed=6 April 2012}}</ref>

===Proto-Eldarin===
In their articles, [[Christopher Gilson]] and [[Bill Welden]] attempt to shed light to the common ancestor of Quenya and Sindarin, dubbed "Proto-Eldarin" and investigate the sound changes from the [[First Age]] to the end of the [[Third Age]]. The authors claim to have seen some unpublished writings by Tolkien, which may explain how the Proto-Eldarin reconstructions correctly end in long vowels. Of course, with limited material (''[[The Etymologies]]'' and similar works where Tolkien discusses [[Primitive Quendian]] and [[Sundocarme|roots]] were not published until 10 years later) there were some implausible reconstructions. For example, the words ''[[vilya]]'' and ''[[gwaew|gwai]]'' are treated as cognates, derived from Proto-Eldarin **''wigyā''.

The theories also described the evolution of Sindarin through words of palatal-final consonants (''-ᶅ, -ɲ, -ᶉ'') which sometimes caused [[I-affection|umlaut]]. For example *''winjā'' > **''weiɲ'' (written ''weiny'') > ''[[gwain|-wain]]''. ''The Etymologies'' and other works have revealed the evolution of Sindarin through [[Common Telerin]] and [[Old Noldorin]] where no palatalisation occurs; a word such as *''winjā'' would evolve to *''winia'' and umlauts are the result of a much later [[i-affection]].

The authors generally assume that Proto-Eldarin lost its final sounds before the Quenya stage. For example, Quenya ''[[alda]]'' has been wrongly attributed to a Proto-Eldarin word **''galdar'', with loss of ''-r''; the plural form **''galdari'' produced Quenya plural ''aldar''. In the [[Common Telerin|Sindarin branch]], the form **''gald'' produced Sindarin ''[[galadh]]'' through [[epenthesis]] (called ''svarabhakti'' in the book).<ref>{{HM|IE}}, Proto-Eldarin</ref>

The analysis also correctly supposed the existence of initial nasal stops, such as ''mb-'' which evolved to Quenya ''m-'' and Sindarin ''b-''. Ironically, the foreword of the book mentions that the theory was deemed as incompatible to new Elvish data found in the recent ''Silmarillion'', and suggested that the evidence for the nasal stops was only a result of coincidence.<ref name=post>{{HM|IE}}, Foreword (Postscript), p. xvij</ref> However, later sources such as ''The Etymologies'' confirmed that initial nasal stops indeed existed in the Primitive Quendian stage (cf. words like ''ndōro'', ''mbandō'', ''ñgōlē'').<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|website=Arda|author=[[Helge Fauskanger]]|articlename=Primitive Elvish|articleurl=http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/primelv.htm}}</ref>

{{References}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Introduction to Elvish, An}}
[[Category:Linguistic books]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

The Lord of the Rings: Adventure Card Game

2025-01-13T04:50:09Z

Morgondir:

[[IMAGE:LotRACGArwen.jpeg|thumb|''The Lord of the Rings Adventure Card Game'']]

'''The Lord of the Rings Adventure Card game''' is a digital card game published on 28 August 2018 (early access) by Twin Sails Interactive. It was released on Steam on 29 August 2019.

It is a single-player or co-operative turn-based game in which players attempt to complete objective(s) before the Threat Level (''Sauron's'' ever-increasing awareness) reaches its maximum amount, which will end the game.

In Summer 2020, the stewardship of the game was assumed by [https://www.antiherostudios.com/home/ Antihero Studios] who would provide a new UI (more mobile-friendly), a new ''Rohan''-inspired scenario (Adventure Pack, "The Fords of Isen"), and the much-requested feature of an Offline play mode.
At some point in 2021, active development by Antihero Studios ceased, and there has been no communication regarding the game's future status, although it is still available for purchase on Steam and other sites (e.g. Fanatical).

==Overview==
A single player working alone or two players working together play an adventure scenario to accomplish an objective. The players alternate turns, also alternating with ''Sauron's'' turn (played by the computer), in which events, creatures, or other cards are played to hinder the players' progress. Players may construct decks utilizing single-themed or multiple colors as they choose. The deck size is limited to thirty (30) cards.

Each character in the game is associated to one of four domains: Lore (lt. purple ['ᚠ']), Lore (green [book]) Spirit (blue [star]), Tactics (red [sword]). The game begins with three main characters together in play, with additional characters appearing as they are played from the player's hand.

Various action and item cards also have one of the above four matching colors to indicate which characters may use them.

During gameplay, usually only one action (such as a character attacking an enemy) or a single card being played (giving a character an item) is permitted per turn before play passes to ''Sauron''. If the character has sufficient Fate points, they may include selecting an action from the Fate meter (the benefits change from game-to-game based on the scenario and the location within the scenario).

[[IMAGE:MithrandirsAdvice.png|thumb|''Example of Lore (green) card allowing the player to draw two cards.'']]

==External links==
*'''[https://https://store.steampowered.com/app/509580/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Adventure_Card_Game__Definitive_Edition/ Steam]'''

{{Navbox cards}}

The Lord of the Rings: Adventure Card Game

2025-01-13T04:28:34Z

Morgondir: Created page with "''The Lord of the Rings Adventure Card Game'' '''The Lord of the Rings Adventure Card game''' is a digital card game published on 28 August 2018 (early access) by Twin Sails Interactive. It was released on Steam on 29 August 2019. It is a single-player or co-operative turn-based game in which players attempt to complete objective(s) before the Threat Level (Sauron's ever-increasing awareness) reaches its maximum amount, which will end..."

[[IMAGE:LotRACGArwen.jpeg|thumb|''The Lord of the Rings Adventure Card Game'']]

'''The Lord of the Rings Adventure Card game''' is a digital card game published on 28 August 2018 (early access) by Twin Sails Interactive. It was released on Steam on 29 August 2019.

It is a single-player or co-operative turn-based game in which players attempt to complete objective(s) before the Threat Level (Sauron's ever-increasing awareness) reaches its maximum amount, which will end the game.

In Summer 2020, the stewardship of the game was assumed by [https://www.antiherostudios.com/home/ Antihero Studios] who would provide a new UI (more mobile-friendly), a new Rohan-inspired scenario (Adventure Pack, "The Fords of Isen"), and the much-requested feature of an Offline play mode.
At some point in 2021, active development by Antihero Studios ceased, and there has been no communication regarding the game's future status, although it is still available for purchase on Steam and other sites (e.g. Fanatical).

==Overview==
A single player working alone or two-players working together play an adventure scenario to accomplish an objective. The players alternate turns, also alternating with Sauron's turn (played by the computer), in which events, creatures, or other cards are played to hinder the players' progress. Players may construct decks utilizing single-themed or multiple colors as they choose. The deck size is limited to thirty (30) cards.

Each character in the game is associated to one of four domains: Lore (lt. purple ['ᚠ']), Lore (green [book]) Spirit (blue [star]), Tactics (red [sword]). The game begins with three main characters together in play, with additional characters appearing as they are played from the player's hand.

Various action and item cards also have matching colors to indicate which characters may use them.

During gameplay, usually only one action (such as a character attacking an enemy) or a single card being played (giving a character an item) is permitted per turn before play passes to Sauron. If the character has sufficient Fate points, they may include selecting an action from the Fate meter (the benefits change from game-to-game based on the scenario and the location within the scenario).

[[IMAGE:MithrandirsAdvice.png|thumb|''Example of Lore (green) card allowing the player to draw two cards.'']]

==External links==
*'''[https://https://store.steampowered.com/app/509580/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Adventure_Card_Game__Definitive_Edition/ Steam]'''

{{Navbox cards}}

File:MithrandirsAdvice.png

2025-01-13T04:26:55Z

Morgondir: An example of a Lore card used in The Lord of the Rings Adventure Card Game

== Summary ==
An example of a Lore card used in The Lord of the Rings Adventure Card Game
== Licensing ==
{{Copyright-fairuse|INSERT COPYRIGHT HOLDER WITH WEBSITE LINK}}

File:LotRACGArwen.jpeg

2025-01-13T04:24:49Z

Morgondir: An illustration of Arwen used in the Lord of the Rings Adventure Card Game

== Summary ==
An illustration of Arwen used in the Lord of the Rings Adventure Card Game

The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria

2025-01-11T13:09:23Z

Morgondir:

{{video game infobox
| name=''The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria''
| image = The Lord of the Rings Return to Moria poster 01.jpg
| developer=Free Range Games
| publisher=North Beach Games
| platform=[[wikipedia:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]], [[wikipedia:PlayStation 5|PlayStation 5]], [[wikipedia:Xbox Series X and Series S|Xbox Series X/S]]
| releasedate=[[24 October]] [[2023]] (PC) [[5 December]] 2023 (PlayStation) Early [[2024]] (Xbox)
}}
'''''The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria''''' is an online survival-crafting video game for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X/S. It is set after the events of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', during the [[Fourth Age]] when the [[Dwarves]] attempt to retake the ancient city of [[Moria]]. It is the first licensed video game that will be set mainly in the Fourth Age.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://store.epicgames.com/en-US/news/the-lord-of-the-rings-return-to-moria-s-announcement-reveals-a-multiplayer-survival-game|articlename=The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria’s announcement reveals a multiplayer survival game
|dated=13-June-2022|website=[https://store.epicgames.com/en-US/ Epic Games]|accessed=12-July-2022}}</ref> The game released on [[24 October]] [[2023]] on Microsoft Windows, with the PlayStation 5 release delayed to [[5 December]] that year. The Xbox Series X/S version is expected to be released in early [[2024]].<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.gematsu.com/2023/10/the-lord-of-the-rings-return-to-moria-for-ps5-delayed-to-december-5-pc-version-goes-gold|articlename=The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria for PS5 delayed to December 5; PC version goes gold|dated=19-October-2023|website=[https://www.gematsu.com/ Gematsu]|accessed=28-October-2023}}</ref>

==Plot==
During the [[Fourth Age]], summoned to the [[Misty Mountains]] by Lord [[Gimli]], a company of [[Dwarves]] are tasked with reclaiming the lost spoils from the Dwarven homeland of [[Moria]]. As the [[Doors of Durin]] won’t open, they resort to using blasting fire to break their way into Moria. As it turns out though, the floor caves in and the protagonist is trapped to find shadow runes sealing the doors shut from the inside. The protagonist is then left with the task of making their way to the other side of Moria and the east gate as an escape

==Gameplay==
The gameplay is that of an average survival/crafting game. The player can build forges and furnaces to smelt materials and craft equipment. As the player progresses they will access new areas with rarer ores and better equipment. Orc camps and raids are common and will yield black diamonds, used to repair mapstones and therefore fast travel.

==Reception==
''The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria'' was first revealed along with a short cinematic trailer on June 10, 2022, at the 2022 Epic Games Summer Showcase. The game was originally planned to be released in spring 2023 and was eventually released on October 24, 2023 for [[Microsoft Windows]], with the PlayStation 5 release following on December 5, 2023. The Xbox Series X/S release is scheduled for early 2024.<ref>[https://www.gematsu.com/2023/10/the-lord-of-the-rings-return-to-moria-for-ps5-delayed-to-december-5-pc-version-goes-gold The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria for PS5 delayed to December 5; PC version goes gold]</ref> The Windows version was initially sold exclusively on the Epic Games Store, but was later released on Steam on August 27, 2024.

{{references}}
{{videogames}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lord of the Rings Return to Moria}}
[[Category:Action games]]
[[Category:Microsoft Windows games]]

The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria

2025-01-11T13:08:52Z

Morgondir: /* Reception */

{{video game infobox
| name=''The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria''
| image = The Lord of the Rings Return to Moria poster 01.jpg
| developer=Free Range Games
| publisher=North Beach Games
| platform=[[wikipedia:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]], [[wikipedia:PlayStation 5|PlayStation 5]], [[wikipedia:Xbox Series X and Series S|Xbox Series X/S]]
| releasedate=[[24 October]] [[2023]] (PC) [[5 December]] 2023 (PlayStation) Early [[2024]] (Xbox)
}}
'''''The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria''''' is an online survival-crafting video game for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X/S. It is set after the events of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', during the [[Fourth Age]] when the [[Dwarves]] attempt to retake the ancient city of [[Moria]]. It is the first licensed video game that will be set mainly in the Fourth Age.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://store.epicgames.com/en-US/news/the-lord-of-the-rings-return-to-moria-s-announcement-reveals-a-multiplayer-survival-game|articlename=The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria’s announcement reveals a multiplayer survival game
|dated=13-June-2022|website=[https://store.epicgames.com/en-US/ Epic Games]|accessed=12-July-2022}}</ref> The game released on [[24 October]] [[2023]] on Microsoft Windows, with the PlayStation 5 release delayed to [[5 December]] that year. The Xbox Series X/S version is expected to be released in early [[2024]].<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=https://www.gematsu.com/2023/10/the-lord-of-the-rings-return-to-moria-for-ps5-delayed-to-december-5-pc-version-goes-gold|articlename=The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria for PS5 delayed to December 5; PC version goes gold|dated=19-October-2023|website=[https://www.gematsu.com/ Gematsu]|accessed=28-October-2023}}</ref>

==Plot==
During the [[Fourth Age]], summoned to the [[Misty Mountains]] by Lord [[Gimli]], a company of [[Dwarves]] are tasked with reclaiming the lost spoils from the Dwarven homeland of [[Moria]]. As the [[Doors of Durin]] won’t open, they resort to using blasting fire to break their way into Moria. As it turns out though, the floor caves in and the protagonist is trapped to find shadow runes sealing the doors shut from the inside. The protagonist is then left with the task of making their way to the other side of Moria and the east gate as an escape

==Gameplay==
The gameplay is that of an average survival/crafting game. The player can build forges and furnaces to smelt materials and craft equipment. As the player progresses they will access new areas with rarer ores and better equipment. Orc camps and raids are common and will yield black diamonds, used to repair mapstones and therefore fast travel.

==Reception==
''The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria'' was first revealed along with a short cinematic trailer on June 10, 2022, at the 2022 Epic Games Summer Showcase. The game was originally planned to be released in spring 2023 and was eventually released on October 24, 2023 for [[Microsoft Windows]], with the PlayStation 5 release following on December 5, 2023. The Xbox Series X/S release is scheduled for early 2024.<ref>[https://www.gematsu.com/2023/10/the-lord-of-the-rings-return-to-moria-for-ps5-delayed-to-december-5-pc-version-goes-gold The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria for PS5 delayed to December 5; PC version goes gold]</ref> The Windows version was initially sold exclusively on the Epic Games Store, but released on Steam on August 27, 2024.

{{references}}
{{videogames}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lord of the Rings Return to Moria}}
[[Category:Action games]]
[[Category:Microsoft Windows games]]

Possible inconsistencies in the legendarium

2025-01-11T11:12:46Z

Morgondir:

{{cleanup}}

The '''inconsistencies''' are various vague or seemingly contradictory statements that can be found throughout Tolkien's writings.

Although [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] paid a great deal of attention to detail in his [[Secondary world]] to preserve a realistic consistency,<ref>{{L|236}}</ref> in this vast creation, unavoidably, some more or less degrees of inconsistencies had slipped in. Most can be revealed after more than one reading of the books and through study. Regarding the inconsistencies, [[Christopher Tolkien]] has noted that:
{{blockquote|...the credibility that my father was so anxious to maintain. Of course if he had noticed this inconsistency himself or had it pointed out to him he would have altered it without a second thought.|Christopher Tolkien's letter to [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]].<ref name=comp>{{HM|RC}}</ref>{{rp|p. xliv}}}}
He also noted that:
{{blockquote|However much my father desired to achieve consistency at every level of his work, from capital letters to the dates of dynasties, he was bound to fail. [...] His life was a perpetual battle against time (& tiredness) [...] But he 'niggled' on a grand and noble conception, & indeed its coherence in fine detail is a part of its power.|Christopher Tolkien's letter to [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]].<ref name=comp/>{{rp|p. xliii}}}}

J.R.R. Tolkien's comment, late in life, was quoted by Hammond and Scull:
{{blockquote|Personally I have ceased to bother about these minor 'discrepancies', since if the genealogies and calendars etc. lack verisimilitude it is in their general excessive accuracy: as compared with real annals or genealogies! Anyway the slips are few, have mostly been removed, and the discovery of what remain seems an amusing pastime!|Letter to [[Joy Hill]], October 30, 1967, quoted in the "Note on the [[The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)|50th Anniversary Edition]]."}}

Hammond and Scull added, "In fact Tolkien had not 'ceased to bother', and 'slips' were dealt with as opportunities arose."<ref>''The Lord of the Rings'', [[The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)|50th Anniversary Edition]], "Note on the 50th Anniversary Edition"</ref>

Fans of Tolkien usually accept that in any work there are usually plot holes. In a larger, far more detailed and realistic book we expect fewer (if any) plot holes, when in reality there is a far greater chance because of its complexity.{{Fact}}

Any inconsistency can be blamed on the "fictional Tolkien" who adapted ancient sources such as the Red Book or on the characters who wrote and compiled those sources.<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref> Tolkien himself mentioned in Appendix D that he might have made many errors on the calendar while "translating" the "ancient sources", a comment written as a fail-safe for any narrative error the author might have made, and mentioned in Appendix F ("Of the Elves") that Frodo had erred in thinking the dialect of Sindarin spoken by the elves of Lórien was Silvan Elvish.<ref>{{FR|II6}}. A footnote directs the reader to the correction in the appendix.</ref>

Such explanations attributing the inconsistencies to the "translator Tolkien" or the "original sources" are easy and unenlightening. Therefore many fans prefer to explain them with some internal explanation. The explanations below are of this type. For example, at least some of the logical inconsistencies can be attributed to the characters' own erroneous sayings, since none of them has all knowledge about everything. Contradictions of this type are grouped under "Characters". Others are grouped under "Facts", which has subgroups.

Please also bear in mind that most of Tolkien's writings are highly ''poetic'', which implies that the "vagueness" is a very core characteristic and value to them. Thus in some cases a seeming "inconsistency" might be nothing more than the result of unnecessary over-analysis and clinging to superficial details instead of internal value.

==Characters==
====The Eldest====
Both [[Tom Bombadil]] and [[Treebeard]] are referred to as the [[eldest]] being in [[Middle-earth]]. Tom says that about himself,<ref>{{FR|I7}}, "Eldest, that's what I am.... Tom was here before the river and the trees; Tom remembers the first raindrop and the first acorn."</ref> and [[Elrond]] mentions that the Elves knew Tom as "oldest and fatherless".<ref name="CofE">{{FR|II2}}</ref> However, [[Gandalf]] tells [[Théoden]] that Treebeard is "the oldest of all living things",<ref name="Isengard">{{TT|III8}}</ref> and Celeborn addresses Treebeard as "Eldest".<ref>{{HM|RK}}, "[[Many Partings]]"</ref>
;Explanation:Maybe Tom is not "alive" as Treebeard is.<ref>Tom Shippey, ''The Road to Middle-earth: Revised and Expanded Edition'', p. 107</ref><ref>Gene Hargrove, "Tom Bombadil", in Michael D. C. Drout, ed., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=by0dzzQ6m8sC&pg=PA671 J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia]'' (2006), Routledge, p. 671</ref> On this subject, Gandalf, [[Saruman]], and [[Sauron]] have ''existed'' far longer than Treebeard, as they are [[Maiar]], but they haven't been ''alive'' (embodied physically) as long.

====Giving up a Ring of Power====
Gandalf says, "'<nowiki/>''A [[Rings of Power|Ring of Power]] looks after itself, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]. It may slip off treacherously, but its keeper never abandons it. At most he plays with the idea of handing it on to some one else's care—and that only at an early stage, when it first begins to grip. But as far as I know [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] alone in history has gone beyond playing, and really done it.'''"<ref name="Shadow">{{FR|I2}}</ref> However, [[Narya|Gandalf's own ring]] was given to him freely by [[Círdan]].<ref name="AppThird">{{App|TA}}</ref> Also, the dwarves of [[Durin's Folk]] who held their Ring typically "surrendered" it when near death, and in particular [[Thrór]] gave it to his son [[Thráin II]],<ref name="AppADurin" /> as Gandalf says at the [[Council of Elrond]].<ref name="CofE" />
;Explanation:Perhaps Gandalf meant only the Rings that [[Sauron]] had had a hand in making, which might be the only ones that "grip." Gandalf's ring is one of the [[Three Rings|Three]], which Sauron didn't touch. Durin's Folk believed that they had received their Ring directly from the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain|Elven-Smiths]], though Sauron did help to make it. Further, it is noted in the [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]] that the Rings could influence Dwarves to a much lesser extent than [[Men]], specifically "the only power over [Dwarves] that the Rings wielded was to inflame their hearts with a greed of gold and precious things."<ref>{{App|A3}}</ref> Gandalf may have been speaking implicitly only of Men, considering the context of the conversation and his audience.{{Fact}}

====Sam's spying====
[[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] tells Frodo that, as a result of [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam's]] eavesdropping, he and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] "know most of what Gandalf has told you about the [[One Ring|Ring]]."<ref name="ACU">{{FR|I5}}</ref> Most of what Gandalf told Frodo was in one long conversation, at the end of which Gandalf caught Sam.<ref name="Shadow" /> This contradicts Merry's statement that after Sam was caught, he "seemed to regard himself as on parole, and dried up."<ref name="ACU" />
;Explanation:Maybe Sam's information was what he learned before he was caught,{{Fact}} though that's not what Merry says.

====A choice of dangers====
[[Aragorn]] tells the hobbits, as they prepare to leave [[Bree]], "''After [[Weathertop]] our journey will become more difficult, and we shall have to choose between various dangers''."<ref name="Strider" /> The ridges they have to climb after Weathertop may be more difficult than the [[Midgewater Marshes]], but they encounter no dangers on the route Aragorn chooses, and he doesn't mention any choices of dangers or even warn the hobbits of any dangers, except the chance that the [[Nazgûl]] will find them as they cross the [[Last Bridge]].<ref name="Flight">{{FR|I12}}</ref>
;Explanation:Not all risked dangers actually materialize, and Aragorn does cite two other possible courses that have their own possible hazards. One is going north through the [[Ettenmoors|Ettendales]] instead of crossing the [[Ford of Bruinen]], but in addition to the danger of [[trolls]], that route would take too long and the Company could run out of food. The other is finding the Ford without following the Road, but Aragorn regards that as impossible.<ref>{{FR|I12}}, "'We cannot hope to find a path through these hills. Whatever danger may beset it, the Road is our only way to the Ford.'"</ref> In his estimation, the Road was clearly the path most likely to get the Company to Rivendell safely, regardless of whether the alternatives were truly impossible or merely less practical than the best alternative.

====Aragorn's knowledge====
Aragorn tells the hobbits in Bree, "I know all the lands between [[the Shire]] and the [[Misty Mountains]], for I have wandered over them for many years."<ref name="Strider" /> But later, speaking of the Ettendales, he says, "That is troll-country, and little known to me," and "I do not know the way".<ref name="Flight" /> The Ettendales or Ettenmoors are on a line between the Shire and the northern part of the Misty Mountains.{{Fact}}
;Explanation:If we take Aragorn's line "wandered over them" literally, we can accept that Aragorn has also wandered over the Ettendales. Of course that doesn't necessarily means that Aragorn should know ''everything'' about those lands, or even know ''all'' ways (e.g., to Rivendell) through them. He says that he knows those lands "little."

====Building Barad-dûr====
[[Elrond]] says at his Council that the foundations of [[Barad-dûr]] were made with the [[The One Ring|One Ring]],<ref>{{FR|II2}}, "The Dark Tower was broken, but its foundations were not removed; for they were made with the power of the Ring, and while it remains they will endure.</ref> which is consistent with its destruction when the Ring is destroyed. However, according to the Tale of Years, Sauron began building Barad-dûr in about [[Second Age 1000|S.A. 1000]] and forged the Ring in about [[Second Age 1600|S.A. 1600]].<ref>https://www.quora.com/What-inconsistencies-if-any-appear-in-the-Hobbit-Lord-of-the-Rings-and-the-Silmarillion</ref>
;Explanation:Maybe Sauron ordered his Orcs to begin gathering materials and preparing the land for construction in S.A. 1000, and only commenced building once he forged the Ring in S.A. 1600.{{Fact}} Six hundred years is a long time, but the Barad-dûr was a monumental structure that would have required an unprecedented amount of stone, iron, and other materials to erect. Or maybe the foundations were built before the making of the Ring, but lacking a last piece, or some power of will that the Ring provided.{{Fact}}

====Heirlooms of Arnor====
At the Council of Elrond, Aragorn says of [[Narsil]], the Sword of [[Elendil]], "It has been treasured by his heirs when '''all other heirlooms were lost'''" (emphasis added).<ref name="CofE" /> However, Appendix A lists other heirlooms that were kept with it: "...''there [at [[Rivendell]]] also were kept the heirlooms of their house: the [[Ring of Barahir]], the shards of Narsil, the [[star of Elendil]], and the [[sceptre of Annúminas]]''."<ref name="AppEriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref>
;Explanation:The Ring of Barahir was briefly lost to the [[Dúnedain]] when Arvedui bartered it to the Lossoth for supplies. No loss of the other heirlooms appears.

====Possession of the [[Nine Rings]]====
In ''[[The Council of Elrond]]'' [[Gandalf]] says that the [[Nazgûl]] kept their Rings by saying "The Nine the Nazgûl keep".<ref name="CofE" /> However in most other references, it is mentioned that Sauron had taken them.<ref>{{FR|I2}}, "the Nine [Sauron] has gathered to himself; the Seven also, or else they are destroyed."</ref><ref>{{FR|II7}}, "You saw the Eye of him that holds the Seven and the Nine."</ref> Furthermore, Frodo doesn't see any Rings on them on [[Weathertop]], and it is believed that if they did wear the Rings, they would have been fully [[Unseen|invisible]] (including their cloaks).<ref>http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q0-InvRiders</ref>
The line in the Council of Elrond represents Tolkien's earlier intention that the Nazgûl should still be wearing their Rings, but he later changed his mind and simply missed revising that sentence.
;Explanation:The phrase can be also interpreted as "The Nine ''keep'' the Nazgûl ''in Sauron’s thrall''," though this would be an awkward construction. The doings of Sauron and the Nazgûl were mostly unknown to the Council, so it is likely that Gandalf did not actually know the physical disposition of the Rings and was merely alluding to the indelible association between the Nine Rings and the Nine Nazgûl. Moreover, as far as the Council was concerned, the situation was equivalent whether the Nine Rings were on Sauron's fingers or on those of his slaves, so the lack of precision was immaterial.

====Feeling the Mithril-coat====
The [[Mithril-coat]] that Bilbo gives Frodo is "almost as supple as linen". However, when Bilbo slaps Frodo on the back after giving him the coat, he says, "''Ow!... You are too hard now to slap''!"<ref name="Ring">{{FR|II3}}</ref>
;Explanation:Perhaps Bilbo is joking. Or perhaps the mail tenses in response to an impact, similar to non-Newtonian fluids solidifying under stress. It's fairly common in Middle-earth for works of master craftsmanship to have some "magical" attributes, and given the cost of mithril, it's a safe bet that only the best smiths in Erebor would have undertaken such a project. Of all of the magical abilities one might want for a coat of nigh-unbreakable chain mail, the ability to turn solid when struck while being as soft as cloth at all other times would be high on the list.

====Galadriel's mind-reading====
[[Galadriel]] tells Frodo and Sam that she knows Sauron's thoughts that concern the Elves.<ref name="Mirror">{{FR|II7}}</ref> It seems strange that they don't ask her whether she has any information they might find useful and she doesn't offer them any. Also, she doesn't seem to have known that [[Saruman]] had switched to Sauron's side nineteen years earlier, though it must have been in Sauron's thoughts and the defection of a member of the [[White Council]] seems to concern the Elves. At least, she didn't warn Gandalf in the messages he got from [[Lothlórien|Lóthlorien]] after reading the [[Scroll of Isildur]], the year before he trustingly entered [[Orthanc]].<ref name="CofE" /> (Also, when Aragorn was serving in Gondor under the name [[Thorongil]], he "often warned [[Ecthelion II|Ecthelion]] not to put trust in Saruman".<ref>{{HM|AA}}</ref> It's strange that he knew not to trust Saruman but Gandalf didn't.)
;Explanation:Conceivably Galadriel gained the ability to read Sauron's mind sometime after the messages went to Gandalf.

====Galadriel's role====
Galadriel tells [[Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship]], "I will not give you counsel, saying do this, or do that. For not in doing or contriving, or in choosing between this course and another, can I avail; but only in knowing what was and is, and in part also what shall be."<ref>{{FR|I6}}</ref> Later she tells Frodo, "I do not counsel you one way or the other. I am not a counsellor."<ref name="Mirror" /> However, the rhyme she sends Aragorn advises a specific course: the [[Grey Company]] should come out of [[Rivendell]], and Aragorn should take the [[Paths of the Dead]].<ref>{{TT|III5}}</ref> Likewise [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]] conclude that Galadriel sent the message to the Grey Company telling them to join Aragorn in [[Rohan]]; this seems to be "contriving" and "choosing between one course and another". Incidentally, it is odd that the Grey Company got this message without knowing who it was from.<ref>{{HM|RK}}, "[[The Passing of the Grey Company]]"</ref>
;Explanation:One could imagine that someone else ([[Celeborn]]?) made the decisions and Galadriel only sent the messages; Legolas and Gimli may have erred in thinking she was the source. Alternatively, it is conceivable that Galadriel's words to the Fellowship were calculated to have a desired impact, even though at face value they seemed to be of no use.

====The origin of orcs====
Treebeard tells Merry and Pippin that [[Morgoth]] made trolls and orcs.<ref>{{TT|III4}}. "But Trolls are only counterfeits, made by the Enemy in the Great Darkness, in mockery of Ents, as Orcs were of Elves."</ref> However, Frodo says to Sam, "''The [[Shadow]] that bred them [Orcs] can only mock, it cannot make real new things of its own. I don't think it gave life to the Orcs, it only ruined and twisted them''."<ref>{{RK|VI1}}</ref>
;Explanation:Tolkien went through several attempts to explain [[Orcs/Origin|the origin of orcs]] and never stated a definitive answer. However, when he addressed this point in "[[Letter 153]]", he described Treebeard as "not one of the Wise", and he quoted and endorsed Frodo's line above.

====Tales of hobbits====
Pippin tells [[Théoden]], "I have wandered in many lands, since I left my home, and never till now have I found people that knew any story concerning hobbits."<ref name="Isengard" /> But hobbits live in [[Bree]], Tom Bombadil knows many stories about hobbits, one would think the [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] (who guard [[The Shire]] and Bree) and the Elves of Rivendell (where Bilbo has been living) would know some, and the Elves of Lórien have at least heard of hobbits.<ref>{{FR|II6}}, "We had not heard of—hobbits, of halflings, for many a long year...."</ref>
;Explanation:Pippin has just woken up from a nap, after a lunch that included wine, and is talking to a king for the first time in his life; he may not be thinking clearly. Alternatively, Pippin is the most glib and smooth or courtly of the hobbits in the Fellowship, and he may have exaggerated to flatter the king, even without realizing he was doing it.

====The peril of deep arts====
In connection with the ''[[Palantíri|palantír]]'' of Orthanc, Gandalf observes to Pippin, "''Perilous to us all are the devices of an art deeper than we possess ourselves.''"<ref name="Palantir">{{TT|III11}}</ref> However, never in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' or ''The Lord of the Rings'' does he warn [[Thorin]] or the hobbits against using elvish swords, which glow in the presence of orcs, or [[Barrow-blades|daggers from the barrow]], which are especially effective against Ringwraiths. He returns the [[Phial of Galadriel]] to Frodo and [[Gifts of Galadriel|Galadriel's box of earth]] to Sam without any warnings. Also, there is no apparent danger in characters' using other products of elven arts (cloaks, ''[[hithlain]]'' ropes, ''[[lembas]]'').
;Explanation:Maybe the ''palantíri'' are "devices" in a sense in which the other things named are not.

:Furthermore, it's possible that Gandalf was only attempting to discourage Pippin's curiosity, worrying that it could lead to another dangerous situation like that with the ''palantír''.

====The eyes in Orthanc====
When Aragorn tells Gimli and Legolas that he's confronted Sauron in the ''palantír'', he says that Sauron had not previously known Aragorn was alive. In explanation, he adds, "''The eyes in Orthanc did not see through the armour of Théoden''".<ref>{{RK|V2}}</ref> But [[Gríma|Wormtongue]] knew that Aragorn claimed to be Isildur's heir, as Gandalf points out to Pippin.<ref name="Palantir" /> Thus whether Wormtongue recognized Aragorn from Orthanc doesn't matter to Sauron's knowledge of Aragorn's existence. (What Aragorn should have deduced was that either Wormtongue never told Saruman about him, or Saruman didn't reveal the knowledge, whether to Sauron through the ''palantír'' or to the Nazgûl who came to demand Saruman's supposed captive hobbit. (The latter is what Gandalf tells Pippin he fears.)

====[[Mouth of Sauron]] and "Sauron the Great"====
[[Aragorn]] mentions that the name "[[Sauron]]" (meaning "Abominable") is the name used by his enemies, and Sauron does not permit it to be pronounced.<ref>{{TT|III1}}</ref> Therefore it would be problematic, if not logically impossible, for the Ringwraiths to think "Sauron would deal with them later" as they rode away from [[Crickhollow]],<ref>{{FR|I11}}</ref> for the messenger to [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin]] to refer to his master as "the Lord Sauron the Great," as Aragorn had heard at the Council of Elrond,<ref name="CofE" /> and for a servant of Sauron to say, "''I am the [[Mouth of Sauron]].''"<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref>
;Explanation:It could be that Aragorn was mistaken, perhaps thinking of the time before Sauron had declared himself. Another possibility is that the "Mouth" used a different name or title, perhaps in the Black Speech, and Frodo or the translator Tolkien "translated" it as Sauron to clarify it for readers. As the Ringwraiths' thoughts would not have been known to anyone else, the passage presenting those thoughts must have been invented by Frodo or the translator Tolkien, who would be responsible for the choice of "Sauron" there. A similar possibility is that despite Aragorn's blanket statement, Sauron sometimes allowed his servants to use the name in communicating with others who used it. As many of his enemies only knew his "true" name as Sauron, it would also allow him to keep his true names and aliases hidden from them, as well as allow them to immediately recognize whom his servants were referring to.

====Hewing Orcs====
At [[Helm's Deep]], [[Gimli]] tells Éomer that he had "hewn naught but wood since I left Moria," forgetting that he [[Breaking of the Fellowship|fought Orcs]] not long before.
;Explanation:This discrepancy was noted by [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', where they explained that they left it unchanged in the [[The Lord of the Rings (50th Anniversary Edition)|50th anniversary edition]] because correcting it was impossible, as it would require rewriting the dialogue.<ref name="comp" />{{rp|p. xliv}} [[Amon Hen]] was a week before the Battle of the Hornburg; even for a stout Dwarven warrior, lamenting not killing an Orc for that short period would make him look too bloodthirsty. However, it is possible to interpret Gimli as being scornful towards his latest opponents, deliberately meaning that they were no better than "wood."

==Facts==
====[[Doors of Durin]]====
''[[Moria]]'' translates as "Black Pit" or "Black Chasm" in [[Sindarin]], and the name was said to have been given by the [[Elves]] "without love,"<ref name="Translation">{{App|Translation}}, p. 1137, "Moria is an Elvish name, and given without love; for the Eldar... were not dwellers in such places of choice"</ref> possibly indicating that it was a derogatory description. Furthermore, ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' states that [[Khazad-dûm]] was "afterwards in the days of its darkness called Moria,"<ref>{{S|Sindar}}</ref> suggesting the name was not widely used until after [[Durin's Bane]] took over the city and it was overrun by [[Orcs]]. It is therefore a paradox why that name appears on the [[Doors of Durin]] (''Ennyn Durin Aran Moria''), made in the [[Second Age]], and with the consent of the [[Dwarves]].
;Explanation:There are many possible explanations to this apparent inconsistency.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 281-2</ref> The name may have been given by the Elves in reference to Moria's inherent darkness from being underground (in contrast with their love for "green earth and the lights of heaven"), and therefore was in use before Moria's fall to the [[Balrog]].<ref name="Translation" /> There is also no clear evidence that the Dwarves found this name to be offensive, and they may have had no objection to its use on the doors. Some "external" explanations suggest that since the translated names [[Durin (disambiguation)|Durin]] and [[Narvi]] are seen in the inscription, ''Moria'' may also be a "translated" name.

====Eagles====
One of the best-known alleged plot holes is why the [[Eagles]] came to carry [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] back from [[Mount Doom]] but did not help them to fly the [[the One Ring|One Ring]] there, or at least help them at other points in their journey such as the crossing of the [[Misty Mountains]]. It is particularly hard to understand why this idea was not proposed in the [[Council of Elrond]].
;Explanation:This question is discussed in detail in [[Eagles#Flying the Ring to Mount Doom|the article on the Eagles]], which gives several explanations.

:In general the explanations for not flying the Ring to Mount Doom are better than those for the Fellowship's not at least trying to have the Eagles fly them across the Misty Mountains.

====Distances====
The distances of the Dwarves' travel to [[Rivendell]] in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' seem to have different proportions than those in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. Tolkien tried to reconcile the ''Hobbit'' description with the scale of the ''LotR'' map but couldn't find an appropriate solution.<ref>{{HM|RS}} p. 204</ref>

While Frodo and his companions needed 28 days from [[Hobbiton]] to [[Rivendell]] (10.7 miles/day),<ref name="atlas">[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]''</ref> [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] calculated that Bilbo and [[Thorin and Company]] needed 38 days (17.5 miles/day).<ref name="atlas" /> [[Andreas Möhn|Andreas Moehn]] goes further and supposes that Thorin and Co. wanted two weeks from the [[Trollshaws]] till Rivendell (a distance which [[Glorfindel]] covered in two days), resulting in c. 48 days total.<ref name="lalaith">http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Durin%27s_Day.html</ref>
;Explanation:The distances and days are not described in the narrative and can be measured only by references such as the moon phases and other fan calculations; therefore there can be a margin of miscalculation.

:In general, perhaps the Dwarves are by nature slower travelers than Men and/or Hobbits. In ''[[The Departure of Boromir]]'' it is seen that [[Gimli]] had a problem keeping pace with [[Aragorn]] and [[Legolas]].

:The errand of bringing the Ring to Rivendell was much more pressing than the Dwarves'. The dragon was not going anywhere. And Frodo and his companions were hunted down by the [[Nazgûl]].

====Beater and Biter====
The swords [[Glamdring]] and its "mate" [[Orcrist]] are said to have belonged to King [[Turgon]] of the [[First Age]]. They never appeared much in battle (Turgon fought only in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]) and they were witnessed only by the Orcs of [[Beleriand]]. However, in the [[Third Age]] the swords are found in a [[Troll]] hoard in [[Eriador]], and the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] recognize them by their names. The Orcs don't seem to react similarly in the sight of Glamdring in ''The Lord of the Rings'', nor do they seem to recognize [[Narsil]]/[[Andúril]], which is much more "recent".
;Explanation:There can be several theories and explanations of how the swords and even their reputations reach [[Eriador]]. However, the narrative of ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' doesn't justify their significance to the extent of being remembered and recognized by the Goblins of the Third Age, even by tradition.

====The elf-king's favorite gems====
The narration of ''The Hobbit'' says the [[Thranduil|elf-king]]'s favorite gems are "white."<ref>{{H|8}}, "If the elf-king had a weakness it was for treasure, especially for silver and white gems...."</ref> However, after the [[Battle of Five Armies]], the narration says, "''To the Elven-king he <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Bard]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> sent the emeralds of [[Girion]], such gems as he most loved''..."<ref>{{H|18}}</ref>
;Explanation:The sentence is somewhat ambiguous: "he" could refer to Bard or Girion instead of the elf-king. However, the elf-king's preference in gems, not the others', would be relevant to Bard's choice of what to give him.

====Thráin and Thorin's settling in the [[Blue Mountains]]====
[[File:Stephen Raw - Middle-earth map (1 of 4).png|250px|thumb|A map of north-west Middle-earth]]
After [[Thráin|Thráin II]] and his followers returned to [[Dunland]] following the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] in {{TA|2799}},
{{Blockquote|they removed and wandered in [[Eriador]], until at last they made a home in exile in the east of the [[Ered Luin]] beyond the [[Lune]].<ref name="AppADurin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>}}
From the point of view of Eriador and the Shire, "beyond the Lune" is north of it.

However, the "Tale of Years" ([[Appendix B]]) states,
{{Blockquote|Thráin and his son Thorin wander westwards. They settle in the South of [[Ered Luin]] beyond [[the Shire]] ({{TA|2802|n}})<ref name="AppThird"/>}}
It is difficult to reconcile the descriptions "beyond the Lune" and "in the south of the [[Blue Mountains|Ered Luin]]."

Other mentions of the Dwarves' homes in the Ered Luin are consistent with both possibilities. "Dwarves dwelt in the east side of the Blue Mountains, especially in those parts south of the [[Gulf of Lune]], where they have mines that are still in use."<ref name="AppEriador" />

"Especially in those parts south of the Gulf of Lune" implies that a smaller number of Dwarves lived north of the Gulf, as shown in two other quotations. In a parenthetical comment made in "Of Dwarves and Men" in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', Tolkien indicated that beyond the inflow of the [[Little Lune]] was 'Dwarf territory'.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 313</ref> Likewise in Appendix A: [[Arvedui]], the last king of [[Arthedain]], "hid in the tunnels of the old dwarf-mines near the far end of the Mountains".<ref name="AppEriador" />

====Westron and English====
In a few places, Tolkien might be thought to have forgotten that the English, including [[Old English]], in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is supposed to be translated from [[Westron]] and related languages. Some of these are easily explained, and Tolkien explained the similarity between the Sindarin ''[[Baranduin]]'' and the English "Brandywine".<ref>{{App|Translation}} "Brandywine" is somewhat similar in both sound and meaning to the hobbits' Westron nickname for the river, ''Bralda-him'' meaning 'heady ale'.</ref> The most difficult is the comment, "This was ''[[Orthanc]]'', the citadel of [[Saruman]], the name of which had (by design or chance) a twofold meaning; for in the Elvish speech ''orthanc'' signifies Mount Fang, but in the language of the Mark of old ''the Cunning Mind''."<ref name="Isengard" /> However, ''orthanc'' means "cunning" not in [[Rohanese]] but in Old English, which Tolkien used to translate Rohanese.
;Explanation:By a further coincidence, the unattested name for ''Orthanc'' in Rohanese could also be "Orthanc" and mean "cunning mind".

====Chronology====
=====When Bilbo departed=====
In the chapter ''[[Roast Mutton]]'', [[Thorin and Company]] depart from the ''[[Green Dragon]]'' "one fine morning just before May." In the later written and published "[[The Quest of Erebor]]", part of "[[Unfinished Tales]]", the author established that the day of departure was [[27 April]].<ref>{{UT|Quest}}</ref> However, the chapter ''[[Flies and Spiders]]'' refers to what has happened "since they started their journey that May morning long ago."
;Explanation:The fifth month of the [[Shire Calendar]], Thrimidge, falls between 22 April to 21 May. By the human calendar, the journey would have started just before May; but by the hobbit calendar, the journey started during Thrimidge. The second reference to May could have been a "translation error," where "Thrimidge" was translated as "May" regardless of the actual date.

=====[[White Council]] during the [[Watchful Peace]]=====
According to [[Appendix A]], "The Stewards", during the [[Watchful Peace]] "''Sauron withdrew before the power of the [[White Council]] and the Ringwraiths remained hidden in Morgul Vale''". However the Watchful Peace ended in {{TA|2460}}, three years before the White Council was formed. Thus according to [[Robert Foster]], the reference to the Council is "incorrect".<ref>[[Robert Foster]] (2001) ''[[The Complete Guide to Middle-earth|The Complete Guide to Middle-Earth: From The Hobbit through The Lord of the Rings and Beyond]]''. Random House Digital, [http://books.google.com/books?id=GNGJvGi849UC&pg=PA538 p. 538].</ref>
;Explanation:Foster suggests that the reference to the "White Council" is rather to "the [[Wise]]" in general.

=====Moon phases=====
Tolkien was particularly careful about the phases of the [[Moon]] in the ''The Lord of the Rings''. Yet some errors did elude him. See for example [[13 January|January 13]], [[16 January|January 16]], [[22 February|February 22]], [[22 September|September 22]].

In general, it is possible that Tolkien consulted a modern almanac to model the moon phases, and also possible that he confused the meanings of "New Moon": the astronomical (the moment when the moon is darkest) and the colloquial (appearance of the new crescent moon).<ref>http://shire-reckoning.com/moon.html</ref>

Another error appears in ''The Hobbit'': [[Bard|Bard I]] killed [[Smaug]] "at the rising of the moon"<ref>{{H|15}}</ref> when "the moon rose above the eastern shore and silvered his [Smaug's] great wings... the waxing moon rose higher and higher". Also the [[thrush]] tells Bard, "''Wait! Wait!... The Moon is rising.''" <ref>{{H|14}}</ref> However, according to astronomy a waxing moon rises only in the morning, after the sun. We can be certain the moon was waxing because this occurs the day after [[Durin's Day]], which is the first day in the last month of autumn that the new moon is visible together with the sun.<ref name="lalaith" />
;Explanation:One might imagine that Bard needed to wait for the moon to fall below a cloudbank and that the tradition is corrupt.<ref name="lalaith" />

=====[[Shadow over Hollin]]=====
While the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] traverses [[Hollin]], they see and feel a flying shadow over them.<ref name="Ring" /> Since no other such phenomena occur, when the [[Fell Beast]]s are introduced, the reader makes such a connection. However [[Grishnakh]] later tells [[Uglúk]] that Sauron was not yet permitting the Nazgûl to traverse to the west side of the [[Anduin]],<ref>{{TT|III3}}</ref> and still later Gandalf says, "''The Nazgûl have crossed the River!''" as if it were something new.<ref name="Palantir" />
;Explanation:Possibly a Nazgûl got lost or disobeyed orders and prematurely crossed the [[Anduin]]. Or possibly the fellowship noticed something unexplained and unrelated to the Fell Beasts. Perhaps it was some feeling of foreboding as they would eventually have to go to Moria. It could also be a sort of metaphor of Sauron observing them, as often throughout the books Sauron's gaze is compared to a heavy shadow bearing down on what it sees. Another possibility is that it was a flock of ''[[crebain]]'' (crows) sent by Saruman flying overhead.

=====Nights in Lórien=====
The surviving members of the Company spend their first night in [[Lothlórien|Lórien]] in a "flet" in a tree. On their second night, "they rested and slept without fear on the ground".<ref>{{FR|II6}}</ref> On their third night, they sleep on the ground again, in a pavilion in [[Caras Galadon]]. "For a little while the travellers talked of their night before in the tree-tops, and of their day's journey..." And Aragorn says, "''But tonight I shall sleep without fear for the first time since I left Rivendell.''"<ref name="Mirror" /> The night in the tree-tops was not the night before, and Aragorn did sleep without fear on the previous night, so the second night appears to be forgotten.
;Explanation:In Lórien at least some members of the Fellowship lose track of the flow of time. Shortly after Aragorn's remark, the narration says, "They remained some days in Lothlórien, so far as they could tell or remember." Also, after leaving Lórien, Sam feels sure they had not spent a whole month there, despite the evidence of the phase of the moon, and Frodo thinks while in Lórien they were in the past and mentions that he doesn't remember seeing the moon while there. However, Legolas assures him that only their perception of time was changed, and Aragorn points out that the time had indeed been a month.<ref>{{FR|II9}}</ref> Aragorn's forgetting his night without fear could be an effect of this changed sense of time. The phrase in the narration "the night before in the tree-tops" is harder to explain within the story, as the narration does include the intervening night, but the inconspicuous contradiction might be deliberate foreshadowing of what the Company will experience.

=====Éomer and Éowyn after Aragorn's coronation=====
In the chapter ''[[The Steward and the King]]'', it is stated: "So the glad days passed; and on the eighth day of May the Riders of Rohan made ready, and rode off by the North-way, and with them went the sons of Elrond. All the road was lined with people to do them honour and praise them, from the Gate of the City to the walls of the [[Pelennor Fields|Pelennor]]."<ref name="SaK">{{RK|VI5}}</ref> However, in ''[[Appendix B]]'' of some editions of the novel<ref>http://www.sf-fandom.com/vbulletin/archive/index.php/t-1958.html</ref> there is the entry: "May 8 (of {{TA|3019|n}}) Éomer and Éowyn depart '''from''' Rohan with the sons of Elrond".<ref name="AppB4">{{App|Chief}}</ref> (Emphasis added.)

=====The sapling's discovery=====
In the text of ''[[The Return of the King]]'' it is stated: "And Aragorn planted the new tree in the court by the fountain, and swiftly and gladly it began to grow; and when the month of June entered in it was laden with blossom".<ref name="SaK" /> The wording of this sentence suggests that Aragorn planted the sapling ''before'' June began. However, in ''Appendix B'' there is the entry: "June 25 (of {{TA|3019|n}}) King Elessar finds the sapling of the White Tree",<ref name="AppB4" /> in which case it could not have blossomed until late in the month.

=====Walda's death=====
King [[Walda]]'s death date is recorded in [[Appendix A]] as [[Third Age 2851]] but in [[Appendix B]] as [[Third Age 2861]].

==Later corrected==
Several errors were simply remnants of Tolkien's earlier writings, which later escaped his attention when revising the book. Some of them have been corrected in the later editions of ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''The Hobbit''.

====Bridle and headstall====
The first edition referred to the "bridle and bit" of [[Glorfindel]]'s horse, [[Asfaloth]].<ref name="Flight" /> [[Rhona Beare]] wrote to Tolkien asking how that was possible when elves don't use bridles. Tolkien replied in [[Letter 211]] that he'd written "bridle and bit" before thinking about how elves ride, and he changed it to "headstall" in the second edition. However, a later mention of Asfaloth's bridle remained in the chapter.<ref>"His hand left the bridle and gripped the hilt of his sword, and with a red flash he drew it."</ref>

====Durin's Day====
The original text of ''The Hobbit'' described [[Durin's Day]] as occurring on "the first day of the last moon of autumn",<ref>{{H|3}}</ref> the "first moon of autumn",<ref>{{H|4}}</ref> and "the last week of autumn".<ref>{{H|11}}</ref> In the [[1995]] edition the mention in Chapter 4 was revised to place the day at the end of autumn, in line with the other two mentions.<ref>Chester N. Scoville, "''The Hobbit''" in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]'' (2007), Michael D.C. Drout, ed., Taylor and Francis, p. 279</ref>

====Bandobras' parentage====
The "[[Prologue Concerning Hobbits, and other matters|Prologue]]" mentions that [[Bandobras Took]] was the son (not grandson) of [[Isengrim Took II]]. This has been corrected in the 50th Anniversary edition.

====Sam's birth====
In the second edition of ''The Lord of the Rings'', [[Samwise Gamgee]]'s year of birth was added to ''[[Appendix B|The Tale of Years]]'' as [[Third Age 2963]]. This contradicts both a later entry in ''The Tale of Years'' and the [[Appendix C]] given as [[Third Age 2980]].<ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', page 716</ref>

====Gandalf's letter====
The letter Gandalf leaves for Frodo at the ''[[Prancing Pony]]'' is dated "[[Midyear's Day]], Shire Year, 1418."<ref name="Strider">{{FR|I10}}</ref> However, in editions published during Tolkien's lifetime, Appendix B says that on June 29, "Gandalf meets [[Radagast]]." Then Gandalf says he left [[Bree]] at dawn of the following day,<ref name="CofE" /> which would be June 30, two days before Midyear's Day (as 1 [[Lithe]] comes between).
;Explanation:Perhaps Gandalf, who was in a hurry and had been traveling for days, made the error. However, the entry in Appendix B for June 29, 3018, has been deleted from the 50th Anniversary Edition.

====Crossing Rohan inconspicuously====
As they ride away from [[Isengard]], Gandalf tells Merry that the [[Eye of Sauron|Lidless Eye]] will be looking toward Rohan, so "''He [Théoden] will ride from there [Helm's Deep] to Dunharrow by paths among the hills. From now on no more than two or three together are to go openly over the land, by day or night, when it can be avoided."''<ref name="Palantir" /> However, later that night, after Pippin looks into the ''palantír'' and Gandalf says they must move from the spot, Théoden says he will go in a group of twelve, and Gandalf agrees.<ref>{{TT|III11}}, "'I will keep Éomer and ten Riders,' said the king. 'They shall ride with me at early day. The rest may go with Aragorn and ride as soon as they have a mind.' 'As you will,' said Gandalf."</ref> Then when the trip to Helm's Deep starts, the number has increased to twenty-six, and Aragorn goes with Théoden.<ref>{{RK|V2}}, "Soon all were ready to depart: twenty-four horses, with Gimli behind Legolas, and Merry in front of Aragorn."</ref> The trip from Helm's Deep to Dunharrow has a group of five hundred.<ref>{{RK|V2}}, "A thousand spears had indeed already ridden away at night, but still there would be some five hundred more to go with the king."</ref> They do ride through the hills, as Gandalf had said. "Most of the time" they're in a group bigger than three.<ref>{{RK|V3}}, "Sometimes where the way was broader he [Merry] had ridden at the king's side, not noticing that many of the Riders smiled to see the two together: the hobbit on his little shaggy grey pony, and the Lord of Rohan on his great white horse. [...] But most of the time, especially on the last day, Merry had ridden by himself just behind the king, saying nothing, and trying to understand the slow sonorous speech of Rohan that he heard the men behind him using."</ref>
;Explanation:The Fiftieth Anniversary Edition contains a clarifying addition to contextualize the order: "He will ride from there '''with many men''' to Dunharrow by paths among the hills." (Emphasis added.) This may suggest that "by paths among the hills" is in opposition to "openly over the land". So long as the large groups traveled by the hills, they were not conspicuous to the Lidless Eye.

====Knowledge of the ''Palantíri''====
After Gandalf learns that the crystal ball he has recovered is the ''[[palantír]]'' of [[Orthanc]], he tells [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] the [[White Council]] didn't know any of the ''palantíri'' (presumably those of [[Gondor]]) survived disaster in Gondor (presumably the [[Kin-strife]]).<ref>{{TT|III11}}, "It was not known to us that any of the ''palantíri'' had escaped the ruin of Gondor."</ref> However, after [[Denethor]] reveals his ''palantír'', Gandalf says in earlier editions, "Though the Stewards deemed that it was a secret kept only by themselves, long have I known that here in the White Tower, as at Orthanc, one of the Seven Stones was preserved."<ref>{{HM|RK}}, "[[The Pyre of Denethor]]"</ref>
;Explanation:Gandalf could have learned about the two ''palantíri'' by himself, after the last time the White Council met (66 years earlier), or he was concealing his knowledge so as to keep secret his source for this information.

:However, in the Fiftieth Anniversary Edition, the sentence was revised to read, "Though the Stewards deemed that it was a secret kept only by themselves, '''long ago I guessed''' that here in the White Tower, one at least of the Seven Seeing Stones was preserved." (Emphasis added.)

====Addition of the Westmarch (and Buckland) to the Shire====
In early editions, the "Prologue" to ''The Lord of the Rings'' contained the sentence "Outside the [[Farthing]]s were the East and West Marches: the [[Buckland]] and the [[Westmarch]] added to the Shire in {{SR|1462}}."<ref name="OldPrologue">{{FR|Prologue}}</ref> That had two inconsistencies with other parts of the text. First, the "Tale of Years" dates the event to {{SR|1452}}.<ref name="AppLater">{{App|Later}}</ref> Second, various points indicate that Buckland was part of the Shire. The clearest may be Merry's comment to the other hobbits, when they have gone through the tunnel under the [[High Hay]] from Buckland into the [[Old Forest]], that they have left the Shire.<ref>{{FR|I6}}, "'There!' said Merry. 'You have left the Shire, and are now outside, and on the edge of the Old Forest.'"</ref>
;Explanation:In the 50th Anniversary Edition, the sentence was changed to "Outside the Farthings were the East and West Marches: the Buckland; and the Westmarch added to the Shire in S.R. 1452." In addition to the correction of the date, the semicolon after "Buckland" indicates that Buckland was not added to the Shire after the War of the Ring, making the sentence consistent with the idea that it was already part of the Shire.<ref name="NewPrologue">{{FR|Prologue|50}}</ref>

====Mirror of Galadriel====
In editions prior to the 50th Anniversary Edition, the [[Appendix B|Tale of Years]] mentions that Frodo and Sam looked into the [[Mirror of Galadriel]] on [[14 February]]. However it is clear from the narrative that this occurred ''one day'' before departure on [[16 February]], not ''two''. [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]] decided to fix the Tale of Years so that the Mirror of Galadriel sequence happened on 15 February.

==From the publishers==
====Nameless Pass as an alternative name for Cirith Ungol in the index====
The index entry for Cirith Ungol has Nameless Pass as an (alternative) name in brackets, and the index entry for Nameless Pass has "see Cirith Ungol" after it in the following e-book editions:
*The Lord of the Rings (i.e. The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King together in one e-book) published by HarperCollinsPublishers 2005 EPub Edition © MARCH 2009 ISBN 978-0-007-32259-6
*The Return of the King, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Part 3 published by HarperCollins Publishers 2008 EPub Edition © MARCH 2009 ISBN 978-0-007-32255-8
The description of the landscape below seen by Frodo from the winding stairs in the chapter ''The Stairs of Cirith Ungol'' and the description of the landscape below seen by Sam from the pass of Cirith Ungol contradict that the Nameless Pass was an alternative name for the Pass of Cirith Ungol. In the chapter ''The Stairs of Cirith Ungol'' Frodo from above on the winding stair sees the wraith-road running from the dead city in a great revine at the head of the Morgul Valley to the "Nameless Pass" that is also referred to as the "main pass."

In the chapter ''The Tower of Cirith Ungol'' Sam sees a broad road running from the Tower of Cirith Ungol down to join the road that came over the Morgul Pass. "The dead city" seems to be an alternative name for Minas Morgul. "Wraith-road" seems to be an alternative name for the Morgul-road.

Frodo can see the road that runs from Minas Morgul in the great ravine at the head of the Morgul Vale to the Nameless Pass from his observation point high up on the winding stair that leads to the tunnel and then on to the pass of Cirith Ungol. Since the road leads from the Tower of Cirith Ungol and winds down to join the road that came from the Morgul Pass, then Cirith Ungol must be higher up on the left side of the Nameless Pass, and the Nameless Pass cannot be the same as the Pass of Cirith Ungol. Since no other pass is mentioned in the landscape, the "Nameless Pass" must be the Morgul Pass (also referred to as the "main pass"), and Cirith Ungol must be the pass that is also referred to as the "high pass."

====HarperCollins 2005 EPub Edition of March 2009====
The entry that King Argeleb I was slain in battle in appendix B The Third Age is erroneously dated with the year 1977 instead of the year 1356 that was in the edition of the ROTK by George Allen & Unwin from 1966. As a consequence the following entries up to and including the entry that many Periannath migrate from Bree erroneously have the date from the entry that immediately precedes each entry that was in the edition of the ROTK by George Allen & Unwin from 1966.

The entry that the Corsairs ravage Pelargir and slay King Minardil is erroneously dated with the year 1601 instead of the year 1634 that was in the edition of the ROTK by George Allen & Unwin from 1966. The year 1601 is the year for the entry that is two entries above this entry.

The entry that the Great Plague devastates Gondor is erroneously dated with the year 1634 instead of the year 1636 that was in the edition of the ROTK by George Allen & Unwin from 1966. The following entries up to and including the entry that Frumgar leads the Éothéod into the North also erroneously have the date from the entry that immeditately precedes each entry that was in the edition of the ROTK by George Allen & Unwin from 1966.

The entry that the Nazgûl issue from Mordor and besiege Minas Ithil is erroneously dated with the year 2002 instead of the year 2000 that was in the edition of the ROTK by George Allen & Unwin from 1966.

The entry for the fall of Minas Ithil is erroneously dated with the year 2043 instead of the year 2002 that was in the edition of the ROTK by George Allen & Unwin from 1966.

The entry that King Eärnur becomes King of Gondor and is challenged by the Witch-king is erroneously dated with the year 2000 instead of the year 2043 that was in the edition of the ROTK by George Allen & Unwin from 1966.

{{References}}
[[Category:Debates]]

The Lord of the Rings Painting Guide

2025-01-10T21:06:05Z

Morgondir:

{{book
|title=The Lord of the Rings Painting Guide
| image = LotRPaintingGuideTsm.png
|author=Michael Matheny, Arnold Hendrick, David Helber
|illustrator=David Helber
|publisher=Heritage Models, Inc. Dallas, TX USA
|stock=1870
|date= [[1979]]
|format=Softcover
|pages=52
|isbn=none
}}

'''''The Lord of the Rings Painting Guide''''' is a magazine-format booklet published in 1979. It describes techniques to paint miniatures produced by Heritage Models. It also contains information on the recommended use of materials (colors, brushes, etc.) to paint the models presented in the book. Heritage Models miniatures are based on the work of [[Ralph Bakshi]] in his [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)| animated film]].

The Lord of the Rings Painting Guide

2025-01-10T20:27:20Z

Morgondir: Entry for the book, 'The Lord of the Rings Painting Guide' (1979).

{{book
|title=The Lord of the Rings Painting Guide
| image = LotRPaintingGuideTsm.png
|author=Michael Matheny, Arnold Hendrick, David Helber
|illustrator=David Helber
|publisher=Heritage Models, Inc. Dallas, TX USA
|stock=1870
|date= [[1979]]
|format=Softcover
|pages=52
|isbn=none
}}

'''''The Lord of the Rings Painting Guide''''' is a magazine-format booklet detailing techniques to painting miniatures produced by Heritage Models which are based on the work of [[Ralph Bakshi]] in his [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)| animated film]].

File:LotRPaintingGuideTsm.png

2025-01-10T20:25:39Z

Morgondir: Cover photo of book 'The Lord of the Rings Painting Guide' (1979)

== Summary ==
Cover photo of book 'The Lord of the Rings Painting Guide' (1979)
== Licensing ==
{{GFDL-self|{{REVISIONUSER}}}}

User:Morgondir

2025-01-10T18:57:11Z

Morgondir:

{{user infobox
| image=[[File:Morg_barbDIV.png|thumb|border|center|middle|upright|200px|link=|alt=|page=1|lang=en|môrgondír]]
| name=môrgondír
| othernames=
| position=
| language=English
| location=Texas, USA
| occupation=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| age=
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| email=
| facebook=
| twitter=
| instagram=
| reddit=
| linkedin=
| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
| userboxes=
{{user ref}} 
{{user lore-3}} 
{{user en-N}} 
{{User USA}} 
}}
===About môrgondír===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of JRR Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

Part of me is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth not only due to its wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years. I admired calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], works by artists used in the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth:The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===Contact information===
*'''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
*'''Discord:''' môrgondír

===A note concerning my username:===
While it is not canonical, I deliberately chose to use diacritical marks in my username - this represents the confluence of my personal style with Tolkien's invention - a convergence of my sensibility with Tolkien's own. My intent being to add visual flair to the appearance of the word. In similar manner, the use of the lowercase 'm' represents a modern sensibility, to some degree a recognition of the ever-changing face of language, especially during the Age of Information & changes wrought by the Internet.

File:Morg barbDIV.png

2025-01-10T18:21:35Z

Morgondir: Avatar for User:môrgondír

== Summary ==
Avatar for User:môrgondír

User:Morgondir

2025-01-10T18:00:57Z

Morgondir: /* A note concerning my username: */

{{user infobox
| image=
| name=môrgondír
| othernames=
| position=
| language=English
| location=Texas, USA
| occupation=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| age=
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| email=
| facebook=
| twitter=
| instagram=
| reddit=
| linkedin=
| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
| userboxes=
{{user ref}} 
{{user lore-3}} 
{{user en-N}} 
{{User USA}} 
}}
===About môrgondír===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of JRR Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

Part of me is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth not only due to its wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years. I admired calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], works by artists used in the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth:The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===A note concerning my username:===
While it is not canonical, I deliberately chose to use diacritical marks in my username - this represents the confluence of my personal style with Tolkien's invention - a convergence of my sensibility with Tolkien's own. My intent being to add visual flair to the appearance of the word. In similar manner, the use of the lowercase 'm' represents a modern sensibility, to some degree a recognition of the ever-changing face of language, especially during the Age of Information & changes wrought by the Internet.

===Contact information===
*'''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
*'''Discord:''' môrgondír

User:Morgondir

2025-01-10T17:59:53Z

Morgondir:

{{user infobox
| image=
| name=môrgondír
| othernames=
| position=
| language=English
| location=Texas, USA
| occupation=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| age=
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| email=
| facebook=
| twitter=
| instagram=
| reddit=
| linkedin=
| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
| userboxes=
{{user ref}} 
{{user lore-3}} 
{{user en-N}} 
{{User USA}} 
}}
===About môrgondír===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of JRR Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

Part of me is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth not only due to its wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years. I admired calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], works by artists used in the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth:The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===A note concerning my username:===
While it is not canonical, I deliberately chose to use diacritical marks in my username - this represents the confluence of my personal style with Tolkien's invention - a convergence of my sensibility with Tolkien's own. Ny intent to add visual flair to the appearance of the word. In similar manner, the use of the lowercase 'm' represents a modern sensibility, to some degree a recognition of the ever-changing face of language, especially during the Age of Information & the Internet.

===Contact information===
*'''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
*'''Discord:''' môrgondír

User:Morgondir

2025-01-10T17:59:05Z

Morgondir:

{{user infobox
| image=
| name=môrgondír
| othernames=
| position=
| language=English
| location=Texas, USA
| occupation=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| age=
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| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| email=
| facebook=
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| instagram=
| reddit=
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| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
| userboxes=
{{user ref}} 
{{user lore-3}} 
{{user en-N}} 
{{User USA}} 
}}
===About môrgondír===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of JRR Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

Part of me is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth not only due to its wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years. I admired calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], works by artists used in the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth:The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===A note concerning my username:===
While it is not canonical, I deliberately chose to use diacritical marks in my username - this represents the confluence of my personal style with Tolkien's invention - a convergence of my sensibility with Tolkien's own. Ny intent to add visual flair to the appearance of the word. In similar manner, the use of the lowercase 'm' represents a modern sensibility, to some degree a recognition of the ever-changing face of language, especially during the Age of Information & the Internet.

===Contact information===
*'''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
*'''Discord:''' môrgondír

User:Morgondir

2025-01-10T17:55:10Z

Morgondir: /* About môrgondír */

{{user infobox
| image=
| name=môrgondír
| othernames=
| position=
| language=English
| location=Texas, USA
| occupation=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| age=
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| email=
| facebook=
| twitter=
| instagram=
| reddit=
| linkedin=
| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
| userboxes=
{{user ref}} 
{{user lore-3}} 
{{user en-N}} 
{{User USA}} 
}}
===About môrgondír===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of JRR Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

Part of me is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth not only due to its wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years. I admired calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], works by artists used in the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth:The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===Contact information===
*'''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
*'''Discord:''' môrgondír

MEP: Gandalf's Mark

2025-01-10T17:50:46Z

Morgondir:

[[File:Middle-earth Puzzles - Gandalf's Mark.jpg|right|250px]]

'''MEP: Gandalf's Mark''' is a jigsaw puzzle in the ''[[Middle-earth Puzzles]]'' series, released in 1997 by [[Iron Crown Enterprises]].

*'''Artist:''' Larry Elmore
*'''Pieces:''' 60
*'''Size:''' 7"(W) x 4.5"(T) [11.43cm x 17.7cm]
*'''Stock number:''' None
*'''Edition:''' Limited (Promo)

[[Category:Puzzles]]

MEP: Gandalf's Mark

2025-01-10T17:49:02Z

Morgondir:

[[File:Middle-earth Puzzles - Gandalf's Mark.jpg|right|250px]]

'''MEP: Gandalf's Mark''' is a jigsaw puzzle in the ''[[Middle-earth Puzzles]]'' series, released in 1997 by [[Iron Crown Enterprises]].

*'''Artist:''' Larry Elmore
*'''Pieces:''' 60
*'''Size''': 7"(W)x4.5"(T) [11.43cm x 17.7cm]
*'''Stock number:'''None
*'''Edition:''' Limited (Promo)

[[Category:Puzzles]]

The Dungeons of Moria (video game)

2025-01-10T16:21:38Z

Morgondir:

{{cleanup}}
{{video game infobox
| image = Dungeons of Moria (videogame) - opening screen.png
| name=The Dungeons of Moria
| developer=Robert Alan Koeneke<ref name="Angelfire">{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html|articlename=imoria|dated=|website=[http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/ imoria]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmy Wayne Todd<ref name="Angelfire"/> Gary D. McAdoo<ref name="Angelfire"/> David Joseph Grabiner<ref name="Tolkien Games">{{webcite|author=Fredrik Ekman|articleurl=http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html|articlename=The Dungeons of Moria|dated=|website=Games|accessed=8 February 2015}}</ref> [[The Dungeons of Moria (video game)#Derivative versions|(and others)]] 
| publisher=
| platform=[[wikipedia:Amiga|Amiga]] [[wikipedia:Atari ST|Atari ST]] [[wikipedia:Macintosh|Macintosh]] [[wikipedia:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]] [[wikipedia:Unix|Unix]] [[wikipedia:VAX|VAX]] [[wikipedia:X Window System|X Windows]]
| releasedate=[[1983]]
| genre=RPG
|}}

'''''The Dungeons of Moria''''', also known as ''Moria'', is a [[Wikipedia:Rogue-like|rogue-like]] computer game inspired by ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[Dungeons and Dragons]]''. The goal of the game is to reach the bottom of the maze of mines of [[Moria]] and kill the [[Balrogs|Balrog]].<ref>[http://www.meristation.com/v3/des_articulo.php?pic=CON&id=2254&idj=&idp=&tipo=art&c=1&pos=3 Meristation, El Anillo interactivo] p. 4 (retrieved 18 August 2010)</ref>

==Development==

Robert Alan Koeneke started working on ''The Dungeons of Moria'' in [[1980]] or [[1981]] at the University of Oklahoma after he became hooked on the game ''Rogue'' but could not run it on the VAX 11/780 computer running VMS to which he had access. Hence, he decided to write his own ''Rogue'' game. The first version - ''Moria Beta 1.0'' - was written with VMS BASIC and resembled Rogue. In 1983 he converted the game to VMS PASCAL, utilizing its new feature, variable length strings, and improved the game's data structures and optimization. In summer 1983, Koeneke completed ''Moria 1.0'' and it spread among students of the [[wikipedia:University of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke">{{webcite|author=Robert Alan Koeneke |articleurl=https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ|articlename=Early history of Moria|dated=21 February 1996|website=[https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ groups.google.com]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> Jimmey Todd, a close friend of Koeneke, rewrote the character generator and added skills, history and several other functions. This became ''Moria 2.0''.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/>

[[File:The Dungeons of Moria (video game) - Gameplay.png|thumb|280px|Gameplay of ''The Dungeons of Moria''.]]
In 1983-1985, Koeneke, heeding player advice, endeavored to improve the game and fix bugs. Every time a player completed the game, he would increase the difficulty of the game, eventually claiming that the game was unbeatable. In light of a football match between the University of Oklahoma and the [[wikipedia:University of Texas|University of Texas]], Koeneke sent an edited, unbeatable version of the game to University of Texas students. From around 1985 the source code was widely distributed under a licence that permitted sharing and modification but not commercial use. Koeneke's last release was ''Moria 4.7'' in [[1986]] or [[1987]].<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Koeneke ceased his development when he left university and started working for [[wikipedia:American Airlines|American Airlines]]. At the time ''Moria 5.0'' was still in progress. This update would be a complete rewrite and add several features, including bodies of water with water monsters, mysterious orbs and new weapons and treasures.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> Development was continued by his programming assistants, Jimmy Wayne Todd and Gary D. McAdoom.<ref name="Angelfire"/> It is unknown if this version was ever finished, but according to Koeneke this is unlikely.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/>

The game was officially maintained by David Joseph Grabiner. The last update was ''Moria 5.5.6'', which was released in [[1994]], after which activity seems to have been ceased.<ref name="Tolkien Games"/><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/|articlename=David J. Grabiner|dated=|website=[http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Dadid J. Grabiner|articleurl=http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moria.html|articlename=Moria|dated=|website=[http://remarque.org/ http://remarque.org]|accessed=8 January 2015}}</ref> The game was shared globally and several derivative versions were made. Koeneke received thousands letters from players about the game and their exploits.<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/> In a [http://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.angband/gFiS2tV_-AA/Gp7g-TfuJmUJ forum at Google Groups] he said:

{{blockquote|I have since received thousands of letters from all over the world
from players telling about their exploits, and from administrators
cursing the day I was born... I received mail from behind the iron
curtain (while it was still standing) talking about the game on VAX's [''sic'']
(which supposedly couldn't be there due to export laws). I used to
have a map with pins for every letter I received, but I gave up on
that!|Robert Alan Koeneke<ref name="Interview Koeneke"/>}}

==Gameplay==

==Derivative versions==

''Moria'' inspired a number of derivative versions. Jim E. Wilson created ''Umoria'', a modified version in C for UNIX. At the University of Washington a modified Pascal version named ''Imoria'' was developed, which has been ported to C by Steve Kertes. ''Angband'' was derived from ''Umoria'' at the University of Warwick. Furthermore, it is known to have been an inspiration for ''Diablo''.

==See also==
*[[Angband (game)]]

==External links==
* [http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&selm=4ge77v%24clt%40ionews.ionet.net Usenet article] from February 21, 1996 in which Robert Alan Koeneke discusses the origins of the game.
* [http://www.angelfire.com/games3/imoria/imoria.html Steve Kertes' C port of IMoria ]
* [http://roguelike-palm.sourceforge.net/kMoria/ KMoria - port of Unix Moria 5.5.2 for the Palm OS]
* [http://www.piratehaven.org/~beej/moria/ The Moria Page]
* [http://remarque.org/~grabiner/moriafaq.html Frequently Asked Questions]
* [http://www.lysator.liu.se/tolkien-games/entry/dungeons-moria.html Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)
* [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/tolkien/games/ FAQS, Tolkien Games] (retrieved 16 August 2010)
{{references}}
{{title|italics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dungeons of Moria}}
[[Category:Amiga games]]
[[Category:Apple Macintosh games]]
[[Category:Atari ST games]]
[[Category:MS-DOS games]]
[[Category:Role-playing video games]]
[[Category:Unix games]]
[[Category:VAX games]]
[[Category:X Window games]]

MEP: Gandalf's Mark

2025-01-10T03:07:54Z

Morgondir:

[[File:Middle-earth Puzzles - Gandalf's Mark.jpg|right|250px]]

'''MEP: Gandalf's Mark''' is a jigsaw puzzle in the ''[[Middle-earth Puzzles]]'' series, released in 1997 by [[Iron Crown Enterprises]].

*'''Artist:''' Larry Elmore
*'''Pieces:''' 60
*'''Size''': ?
*'''Stock number:''' ?
*'''Edition:''' Limited (Promo)

[[Category:Puzzles]]

User:Morgondir

2025-01-09T19:54:41Z

Morgondir: User summary for môrgondír

{{user infobox
| image=
| name=môrgondír
| othernames=
| position=
| language=English
| location=Texas, USA
| occupation=
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| age=
| gender=
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| email=
| facebook=
| twitter=
| instagram=
| reddit=
| linkedin=
| website=[https://ko-fi.com/morningstar_media/shop Morningstar Media]
| userboxes=
{{user ref}} 
{{user lore-3}} 
{{user en-N}} 
{{User USA}} 
}}
=== About môrgondír ===
I was introduced to Middle-earth via various animated adaptations, two from Rankin-Bass and one from Ralph Bakshi which I watched in the late 1970s/early 1980s. I read the source books for these movies contemporaneously or shortly thereafter, later went on to read [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Letters of JRR Tolkien]], as well as parts of [[Unfinished Tales]], and [[The History of Middle-earth]] series.

The part of me that is continuously drawn back into Middle-earth is due to not only the wonderful prose, but also most significantly due to the interpretative artwork produced by many talented artists over the years, starting with calendar art from creators like [[The Brothers Hildebrant]], [[Roger Garland]], and [[Michael Kaluta]], continuing with art in the ICE-produced MERP series of gaming supplements, and the [[Middle-earth:The Wizards]] Collectible Card Game featuring art from artists such as [[Angus McBride]], [[Angelo Montanini]] and [[Liz Danforth]].

===Contact information===
* '''Email:''' {{nospam|morgenstern|duck.com}}
* '''Discord:''' môrgondír

Middle-earth: The Wizards

2025-01-09T16:58:13Z

Morgondir:

[[File:METW - Advertisement.jpg|thumb|''Advertisment for METW'']]

'''Middle-earth: The Wizards''' (METW), released in [[1995]], was the first basic set for the ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]''.

METW deals with the ''good'' side, and includes most of main characters from the books, like [[Gandalf]], [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Aragorn]]. The set features a pretty straightforward gameplay with relatively simple ''marshalling point'' cards and ''hazard creatures''.

*'''Number of individual cards:''' 484
*'''Expansion sets:'''
**''[[Middle-earth: The Dragons]]''
**''[[Middle-earth: Dark Minions]]''

METW was sold in starters and boosters (no cards from other sets were needed to play). A booster (15 cards, 36 boosters per display) held 1 rare, 3 uncommons, and 11 commons. A starter held a fixed set (at random), 3
rares, 9 uncommons, and 40 commons.

== Card list ==

*Name (Rarity)

R: rare; U: uncommon; C: common; F: fixed

CA1: once on general common sheet; CA2: twice on general common sheet; CB1: once on booster-only common sheet; CB2: twice on
booster-only common sheet

F#: in # different fixed sets (out of 5).

===Characters (hero)===

*[[METW: Adrazar|Adrazar]] (F1)
*[[METW: Alatar|Alatar]] (F2)
*[[METW: Anborn|Anborn]] (U)
*[[METW: Annalena|Annalena]] (F2)
*[[METW: Aragorn II|Aragorn II]] (F1)
*[[METW: Arinmîr|Arinmîr]] (U)
*[[METW: Arwen|Arwen]] (R)
*[[METW: Balin|Balin]] (U)
*[[METW: Bard Bowman|Bard Bowman]] (F2)
*[[METW: Barliman Butterbur|Barliman Butterbur]] (U)
*[[METW: Beorn|Beorn]] (F1)
*[[METW: Beregond|Beregond]] (F1)
*[[METW: Beretar|Beretar]] (U)
*[[METW: Bergil|Bergil]] (U)
*[[METW: Bifur|Bifur]] (CB)
*[[METW: Bilbo|Bilbo]] (R)
*[[METW: Bofur|Bofur]] (CB)
*[[METW: Bombur|Bombur]] (U)
*[[METW: Boromir|Boromir II]] (F2)
*[[METW: Celeborn|Celeborn]] (F1)
*[[METW: Cirdan|Cirdan]] (R)
*[[METW: Dain II|Dain II]] (R)
*[[METW: Damrod|Damrod]] (U)
*[[METW: Denethor II|Denethor II]] (R)
*[[METW: Dori|Dori]] (U)
*[[METW: Dwalin|Dwalin]] (CB)
*[[METW: Elladan|Elladan]] (F1)
*[[METW: Elrohir|Elrohir]] (F1)
*[[METW: Elrond|Elrond]] (R)
*[[METW: Éomer|Éomer]] (U)
*[[METW: Éowyn|Éowyn]] (U)
*[[METW: Erkenbrand|Erkenbrand]] (F1)
*[[METW: Faramir|Faramir]] (F1)
*[[METW: Fili|Fili]] (U)
*[[METW: Forlong|Forlong]] (CB)
*[[METW: Frodo|Frodo]] (R)
*[[METW: Galadriel|Galadriel]] (R)
*[[METW: Galva|Galva]] (R)
*[[METW: Gamling the Old|Gamling the Old]] (U)
*[[METW: Gandalf|Gandalf]] (F2)
*[[METW: Ghan-buri-Ghan|Ghan-buri-Ghan]] (U)
*[[METW: Gildor Inglorion|Gildor Inglorion]] (F1)
*[[METW: Gimli|Gimli]] (F1)
*[[METW: Gloin|Gloin]] (U)
*[[METW: Glorfindel II|Glorfindel II]] (F1)
*[[METW: Halbarad|Halbarad]] (U)
*[[METW: Haldalam|Haldalam]] (R)
*[[METW: Haldir|Haldir]] (U)
*[[METW: Háma|Háma]] (CB)
*[[METW: Imrahil|Imrahil]] (U)
*[[METW: Kili|Kili]] (F2)
*[[METW: Legolas|Legolas]] (U)
*[[METW: Mablung|Mablung]] (U)
*[[METW: Merry|Merry]] (U)
*[[METW: Nori|Nori]] (CB)
*[[METW: Oin|Oin]] (U)
*[[METW: Ori|Ori]] (CB)
*[[METW: Orophin|Orophin]] (CB)
*[[METW: Pallando|Pallando]] (F2)
*[[METW: Peath|Peath]] (F1)
*[[METW: Pippin|Pippin]] (U)
*[[METW: Radagast|Radagast]] (F2)
*[[METW: Robin Smallburrow|Robin Smallburrow]] (F2)
*[[METW: Sam Gamgee|Sam Gamgee]] (U)
*[[METW: Saruman|Saruman]] (F2)
*[[METW: Theoden|Theoden]] (F1)
*[[METW: Thorin II|Thorin II]] (R)
*[[METW: Thranduil|Thranduil]] (F1)
*[[METW: Vôteli|Vôteli]] (CB)
*[[METW: Vygavril|Vygavril]] (R)
*[[METW: Wacho|Wacho]] (U)

===Resources (hero)===
*A Chance Meeting CB
*A Friend or Three CB2
*Align Palantir U
*Anduin River CB2
*[[METW: Anduril|Anduril]] (R)
*Army of the Dead R
*Ash Mountains CB
*Athelas U
*Beautiful Gold Ring CA2
*Beornings F1
*Bill the Pony U
*Block CA
*Blue Mountain Dwarves U
*Book of Mazarbul U
*Bridge U
*Clear Skies R
*Concealment CA
*Cracks of Doom U
*Dagger of Westernesse CA2
*Dark Quarrels CA2
*Dodge CA
*Dreams of Lore CA2
*Dunlendings F1
*Durin's Axe U
*Dwarven Ring of Barin's Tribe R
*Dwarven Ring of Bávor's Tribe R
*Dwarven Ring of Drúin's Tribe R
*Dwarven Ring of Durin's Tribe R
*Dwarven Ring of Dwálin's Tribe R
*Dwarven Ring of Thélor's Tribe U
*Dwarven Ring of Thrár's Tribe U
*Eagle-mounts R
*Earth of Galadriel's Orchard U
*Easterlings R
*Elf-song R
*Elf-stone CB2
*Elven Cloak CA2
*Elves of Lindon R
*Ent-draughts U
*Ents of Fangorn F1
*Escape CA
*Fair Gold Ring CA2
*Fair Sailing R
*Fair Travels in Border-lands CA
*Fair Travels in Dark-domains R
*Fair Travels in Free-domains R
*Fair Travels in Shadow-lands CA
*Fair Travels in Wilderness CA
*Far-sight CA
*Favor of the Valar R
*Fellowship CA2
*Fog U
*Ford CA
*Gates of Morning F5
*Glamdring U
*Goldberry U
*Gollum U
*Gollum's Fate R
*Great Ship R
*Great-road CA
*Great-shield of Rohan U
*Gwaihir R
*Halfling Stealth CB2
*Halfling Strength CB2
*Hauberk of Bright Mail CA
*Healing Herbs CA2
*Hiding R
*Hillmen U
*Hobbits R
*Horn of Anor CB
*Horses CA
*Iron Hill Dwarves F1
*Kindling of the Spirit CA
*Knights of Dol Amroth U
*Lapse of Will U
*Leaflock U
*Lesser Ring U
*Lordly Presence CB2
*Lossoth U
*Lucky Search R
*Lucky Strike CA
*Magic Ring of Courage U
*Magic Ring of Lore U
*Magic Ring of Nature U
*Magic Ring of Stealth U
*Magic Ring of Words U
*Men of Anfalas U
*Men of Anorien F1
*Men of Dorwinion U
*Men of Lamedon U
*Men of Lebennin U
*Men of Northern Rhovanion U
*Mirror of Galadriel U
*Miruvor CA
*Misty Mountains CB2
*Moon U
*Morannon R
*Mountains of Shadow CB
*Muster CA
*Narsil U
*Narya R
*Nenya R
*New Friendship CB
*Old Friendship CB
*Old Road CB2
*Orcrist U
*Palantír of Amon Sûl R
*Palantír of Annuminas R
*Palantír of Elostirion U
*Palantír of Minas Tirith U
*Palantír of Orthanc U
*Palantír of Osgiliath R
*Paths of the Dead R
*Persuasive Words CB
*Potion of Prowess CA
*Praise to Elbereth U
*Precious Gold Ring CA2
*Quickbeam U
*Quiet Lands U
*Rangers of Ithilien F1
*[[METW: Rangers of the North|Rangers of the North]] (F1)
*Red Arrow U
*Red Book of Westmarch U
*Reforging CA
*Rescue Prisoners CA2
*Return of the King R
*Riders of Rohan F1
*Ringlore U
*Risky Blow CA
*Roäc the Raven R
*Sacrifice of Form R
*Sapling of the White Tree U
*Scroll of Isildur U
*Secret Entrance R
*Secret Passage CA
*Shadowfax R
*Shield of Iron-bound Ash CA2
*Skinbark R
*Southrons R
*Star-glass U
*Stars U
*Stealth CA
*Sting U
*Stone of Erech R
*Sun U
*Sword of Gondolin CA2
*Tempering Friendship CB2
*Test of Form CA2
*Test of Lore CA2
*The Arkenstone R
*The Cock Crows U
*The Evenstar U
*The Great Eagles U
*The Mithril-coat R
*The Old Thrush U
*The One Ring R
*The White Tree R
*Thorough Search CA
*Tom Bombadil R
*Torque of Hues U
*Tower Guard of Minas Tirith F1
*Treebeard U
*True Fána R
*Use Palantir U
*Vanishment CA
*Variags of Khand R
*Vilya R
*White Mountains CB
*Wizard's Fire R
*Wizard's Flame U
*Wizard's Laughter U
*Wizard's Ring R
*Wizard's River-horses U
*Wizard's Test CA
*Wizard's Voice R
*Wood-elves F1
*Woodmen U
*Woses of Old Pukel-land R
*Woses of the Drúadan Forest U

===Hazards===
*"Bert" (Burat) U
*"Tom" (Tûma) U
*"William" (Wûluag) U
*Abductor CA
*Adûnaphel R
*Agburanar R
*[[METW: Akhôrahil|Akhôrahil]] (R)
*Ambusher CA
*Arouse Denizens CA2
*Arouse Minions CA2
*Assassin R
*Awaken Denizens CA2
*Awaken Minions CA2
*Awaken the Earth's Fire U
*Balrog of Moria R
*Bane of the Ithil-stone R
*Barrow-wight U
*Brigands CA2
*Call of Home CA2
*Call of the Sea U
*Cave-drake CA2
*Choking Shadows CA
*Clouds R
*Corpse-candle CA
*Corsairs of Umbar U
*Crebain CA
*Daelomin R
*Despair of the Heart CA
*Doors of Night F5
*Dragon's Desolation U
*Drowning Seas U
*Dwar of Waw R
*Eye of Sauron R
*Fell Beast R
*Fell Turtle R
*Fell Winter CA
*Foul Fumes CA
*Ghosts CA
*Ghouls CA
*Giant CA2
*Giant Spiders CA2
*Gloom CA
*Greed CA
*Half-trolls of Far Harad CA
*Hoarmûrath of Dír R
*Huorn CA
*Indûr Dawndeath R
*Khamûl the Easterling R
*Leucaruth R
*Long Winter CA
*Lost at Sea R
*Lost in Border-lands CA
*Lost in Dark-domains R
*Lost in Free-domains CA
*Lost in Shadow-lands CA
*Lost in the Wilderness CA
*Lure of Creation U
*Lure of Expedience CA
*Lure of Nature CA2
*Lure of Power R
*Lure of the Senses CA
*Minions Stir U
*Morgul Night R
*Morgul-horse R
*Morgul-knife R
*Mouth of Sauron R
*Mûmak (Oliphant) R
*Muster Disperses CA
*New Moon U
*Night CA
*Old Man Willow U
*Olog-hai (Trolls) U
*Orc-guard CA
*Orc-lieutenant U
*Orc-patrol CA2
*Orc-raiders CA2
*Orc-warband CA
*Orc-warriors CA2
*Orc-watch CA
*Pick-pocket U
*Plague of Wights U
*Pûkel-men R
*Ren the Unclean R
*River CA2
*Rogrog R
*Shelob R
*Siege R
*Silent Watcher R
*Slayer CA
*Smaug R
*Snowstorm R
*Storms of Ossë R
*The Balance of Things R
*The Burden of Time U
*The Great Goblin R
*The Nazgul are Abroad R
*The Pale Sword R
*The Precious R
*The Ring's Betrayal U
*The Will of Sauron R
*The Will of the Ring R
*Thief R
*Tookish Blood CB
*Traitor R
*Twilight CA2
*Uvatha the Horseman R
*Wake of War U
*Wargs CA2
*Watcher in the Water U
*Weariness of the Heart CA2
*Witch-king of Angmar R
*Wolves CA2
*Words of Power and Terror R

===Sites (hero)===
*Amon Hen CA
*Bag End F2
*Bandit Lair F3
*Barad-dur R
*Barrow-downs F1
*Beorn's House F1
*Blue Mountain Dwarf-hold CB
*[[METW: Bree|Bree]] (F1)
*Cameth Brin CB
*Carn Dûm R
*Caves of Ulund U
*Cirith Ungol R
*Dancing Spire U
*Dead Marshes U
*Dimrill Dale U
*Dol Amroth CB
*Dol Guldur R
*Drúadan Forest CB
*Dunharrow R
*Dunnish Clan-hold F1
*Eagles' Eyrie CB
*Easterling Camp R
*[[METW: Edhellond|Edhellond]] CB
*Edoras F1
*Ettenmoors CA
*Gladden Fields CA
*Glittering Caves U
*Goblin-gate F2
*[[METW: Grey Havens|Grey Havens]] CB
*Henneth Annûn F1
*Himring U
*Irerock U
*Iron Hill Dwarf-hold F1
*Isengard F2
*Isles of the Dead that Live R
*Lake-town CB
*Lond Galen CB
*[[METW: Lórien|Lórien]] CB
*Lossadan Cairn CA
*Lossadan Camp CB
*Minas Morgul R
*Minas Tirith F2
*Moria F3
*Mount Doom U
*Mount Gram F2
*Mount Gundabad U
*Old Forest CA
*Ost-in-Edhil U
*Pelargir CB
*Rhosgobel F2
*[[METW: Rivendell|Rivendell]] CB
*Ruined Signal Tower F2
*Sarn Goriwing CA
*Shelob's Lair R
*Shrel-Kain CB
*Southron Oasis R
*Stone-circle R
*The Lonely Mountain F2
*The Stones R
*The White Towers U
*The Wind Throne F5
*Thranduil's Halls F1
*Tolfalas R
*Vale of Erech R
*Variag Camp R
*Weathertop F4
*Wellinghall F1
*Woodmen-town CB
*Wose Passage-hold CB

===Regions===
*Andrast CB
*Andrast Coast CB
*Anduin Vales CB2
*Anfalas CB2
*Angmar CB
*Anorien CB2
*Arthedain CB2
*Bay of Belfalas CB
*Belfalas CB
*Brown Lands CB
*Cardolan CB2
*Dagorlad CB
*Dorwinion CB
*Dunland CB
*Elven Shores CB
*Enedhwaith CB
*Eriadoran Coast CB
*Fangorn CB
*Forochel CB
*Gap of Isen CB2
*Gorgoroth CB
*Grey Mountain Narrows CB
*Gundabad CB
*Harondor CB
*Heart of Mirkwood CB
*High Pass CB2
*Hollin CB2
*Horse Plains CB
*Imlad Morgul CB
*Iron Hills CB
*Ithilien CB
*Khand CB
*Lamedon CB
*Lebennin CB2
*Lindon CB2
*Mouths of the Anduin CB
*Northern Rhovanion CB2
*Numeriador CB
*Nurn CB
*Old Pûkel Gap CB
*Old Pûkel-land CB
*Redhorn Gate CB2
*Rhudaur CB2
*Rohan CB2
*Southern Mirkwood CB2
*Southern Rhovanion CB
*The Shire CB
*Udûn CB
*Western Mirkwood CB
*Withered Heath CB
*Wold & Foothills CB2
*Woodland Realm CB2

[[Category:MECCG sets]]

METW: Anduril

2025-01-09T16:54:15Z

Morgondir: Card title to match card title text

[[File:METW - Anduril.jpg|thumb]]

'''METW: Andúril, the Flame of the West''' is a game card from the set ''[[Middle-earth: The Wizards]]'', for [[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game|MECCG]].

*Card Number: TW80
*[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game#Rarity|Rarity: Rare]]
*Card Type: Resource Permanent-event
*Alignment: Hero
*Artist: [[N. Taylor Blanchard]]

==Card text==

'''''Unique.''''' Sage only during the site phase at an untapped site where "Information" is playable. Tap the sage and the site. Sage makes a corruption check modified by -3. Keep sage tapped until Anduril, the Flame of the West is stored at a Haven [H]. Once stored, you may discard a stored reforging and place Anduril, the Flame of the West with Narsil. In addition to Narsil's effects, Anduril, the Flame of the West gives its bearer 4 marshalling points, +4 prowess (to a maximum of 11), +1 direct influence, and one more corruption point. Anduril, the Flame of the West may be tapped to untap a Dunadan character in the same company, but its bearer must make a corruption check modified by -1.

[[Category:MECCG cards]]

METW: Anduril

2025-01-09T16:51:51Z

Morgondir: Anduril card from Middle-earth: The Wizards CCG

[[File:METW - Anduril.jpg|thumb]]

'''METW: Andúril, Flame of the West''' is a game card from the set ''[[Middle-earth: The Wizards]]'', for [[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game|MECCG]].

*Card Number: TW80
*[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game#Rarity|Rarity: Rare]]
*Card Type: Resource Permanent-event
*Alignment: Hero
*Artist: [[N. Taylor Blanchard]]

==Card text==

'''''Unique.''''' Sage only during the site phase at an untapped site where "Information" is playable. Tap the sage and the site. Sage makes a corruption check modified by -3. Keep sage tapped until Anduril, the Flame of the West is stored at a Haven [H]. Once stored, you may discard a stored reforging and place Anduril, the Flame of the West with Narsil. In addition to Narsil's effects, Anduril, the Flame of the West gives its bearer 4 marshalling points, +4 prowess (to a maximum of 11), +1 direct influence, and one more corruption point. Anduril, the Flame of the West may be tapped to untap a Dunadan character in the same company, but its bearer must make a corruption check modified by -1.

[[Category:MECCG cards]]

File:METW - Anduril.jpg

2025-01-09T16:49:57Z

Morgondir: