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Elendil

2024-01-14T21:47:02Z

Nienna1954: linked German article

{{disambig-two|the [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]]|earlier [[King of Númenor|King]] of [[Númenor]]|[[Tar-Elendil]]}}
{{numenorean infobox
| name=Elendil
| image=[[File:Artigas - King Elendil.jpg|250px]]
| caption="King Elendil" by [[:Category:Images by Artigas|Artigas]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Nimruzîr'' ([[Adûnaic|A]])
| titles=The Fair, Great King, [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], King of all the Dúnedain, [[King of Arnor]], [[King of Gondor]], King of the Southern Realm, Lord of Arnor and Gondor, The Tall, ''Voronda'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| position=
| location=[[Númenor]], [[Arnor]]
| affiliation=[[Faithful]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Adûnaic]]
| birth={{SA|3119}}
| birthlocation=[[Númenor]]
| rule={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3441|n}} ([[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]])
| death={{SA|3441}}
| deathlocation=During [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]
| age=322
| notablefor=Founded the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] and later the [[Last Alliance]] with [[Gil-Galad]]
| house=[[Lord of Andúnië|House of Valandil]], founded the [[House of Elendil]]
| parentage=[[Amandil]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Isildur]] & [[Anárion]]
| gender=Male
| height= 7'11" (2.41 m)<ref name=linear>{{UT|Linear}}, note concerning the different routes from Osgiliath to Imladris, first paragraph</ref> or 7' (2.13 m)<ref name=tallnote>{{HM|RC}}, p. 272 citing from a note written by J.R.R. Tolkien approximately in the year 1969</ref>
| hair=Brown
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Narsil]]
| steed=
}}
'''Elendil''' was the father of [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], a survivor of the [[Downfall of Númenor]], and the founder and first [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] of the [[Realms in Exile]].

Elendil was also known as '''Elendil the Tall''', as he was the tallest of the Men who escaped the Downfall. Accounts differ as to his exact height, but he was at least seven feet tall.<ref name=linear/><ref name=tallnote/>

==History==
Elendil was born in [[Númenor]]. He was the son of [[Amandil]], the last [[Lords of Andúnië|Lord of Andúnië]] and leader of the [[Faithful]]. He was probably named after his ancestor, [[Tar-Elendil]], an ancient [[King of Númenor]]; his name also signified his and his family's devotion and friendship to the [[Elves]] as [[Elf-friend]]s, preserving the old beliefs in [[Ilúvatar]] and reverence for the [[Valar]]. Like his father, he stood against the barbarous practices of [[Ar-Pharazôn]] the King and [[Sauron]] his advisor.
[[File:Abe Papakhian - Elendil and Sons.jpg|thumb|left|Abe Papakhian - ''Elendil and Sons'']]
On the advice of his father, who foresaw the coming destruction of Númenor, Elendil put nine ships off the eastern coast and loaded all his people and possessions aboard them. Amandil then followed the actions of their ancestor, [[Eärendil]] and left Númenor attempting to warn the Valar of their King's folly.<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

When the catastrophic [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]] occurred in {{SA|3319}}, Elendil, his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], and their supporters fled to [[Middle-earth]],<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> sailing east in the nine ships. With them they took the ''[[palantíri]]'', the "Seeing Stones" that were given to the Lords of Andúnië by the Elves of [[Tol Eressëa]], the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]], the [[Ring of Barahir]], [[Narsil]] which Elendil kept as his sword, and a seedling of [[White Tree of Númenor|Nimloth]], the White Tree of Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Ships of the Faithful.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Ships of the Faithful'']]
The ships became separated during the tumultuous voyage to Middle-earth; while Isildur and Anárion landed in the more southerly lands near the haven of the Faithful at [[Pelargir]], Elendil and his people arrived at the northwest near [[Lindon]]. For this reason there were two kingdoms of the Númenóreans in exile, [[Arnor]] in the north and [[Gondor]] in the south.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> After Elendil finally landed in Middle-earth, he proclaimed an [[Elendil's Oath|oath]] in [[Quenya]]: "''Et Eärello Endorenna utúlien. Sinome maruvan ar Hildinyar tenn' Ambar-metta''" ("Out of the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] to Middle-earth I am come. In this place will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world"). His heir and great-grandson by 39 generations [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] spoke these words again when he took up the crown of Gondor as King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] at the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{RK|VI5}}</ref>

Elendil founded the city of [[Annúminas]] in Arnor. His son Anárion established the city of [[Minas Anor]] in [[Anórien]], and Isildur founded [[Minas Ithil]] in [[Ithilien]]. Elendil, however, ruled as [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]]. In both realms were built towers for the ''palantíri'', with which the lords kept contact.<ref name="Rings"/>

[[Sauron]], having lost his shape in the [[Downfall of Númenor]], returned to Middle-earth as a shadow and a black wind over the sea. It came to [[Mordor]], next to Gondor, where Sauron wrought a new guise.<ref name="Akallabeth"/> In {{SA|3429}} Sauron attacked, seizing [[Minas Ithil]]. Isildur fled north to his father, leaving Anárion in charge of Gondor. In response, Elendil formed an [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|alliance]] with [[Gil-galad]], the [[High King of the Noldor]], to repel Sauron's assault.<ref name="SA"/> It is said that Elendil bound the [[Last Alliance]] with an oath and invoked the name of [[Eru]] to witness it.<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

The combined forces marched east to [[Imladris]] in {{SA|3431}}. In {{SA|3434|n}}, they passed the [[Misty Mountains]] and south together and fought in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] of Elves and Men. Elendil fought valiantly at the [[Battle of Dagorlad]].<ref name="SA"/>
[[File:Abe Papakhian - I Behold (colour).jpg|thumb|left|Abe Papakhian ''I Behold'']]
At the end of the long [[Siege of Barad-dûr]], in the year {{SA|3441}}, Sauron came out to personally do battle. Gil-galad and Elendil fought Sauron and cast him down, but were both slain,<ref name="SA"/> and Elendil's sword [[Narsil]] was broken when he fell. Isildur used the broken sword to cut [[the One Ring]] from Sauron's hand. However, despite the urgings of [[Elrond]] and [[Cirdan]], Isildur chose not to destroy the Ring at [[Mount Doom]] and was eventually betrayed by the Ring in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], slain by [[Orcs]].<ref name="Rings"/>

==Legacy==
Elendil was a great warrior, a wise king, and a heroic figure among the [[Dúnedain]]. Isildur built a hidden [[Tomb of Elendil|tomb for his father]] on the summit of the beacon hill that was named [[Amon Anwar]] ("hill of awe" in [[Sindarin]]). Its presence was considered great enough to hallow the entire hill, even to the [[Rohirrim]], who called it Halifirien ("holy mountain" in [[Rohanese]]).<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

After the founding of [[Rohan]], the [[Steward]] [[Cirion]] moved Elendil's remains to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="Cirion"/>

Millennia after Elendil's death, [[Aragorn]], the [[Heir of Isildur]], invoked the name of Elendil as a battle cry during the [[War of the Ring]].<ref>{{HM|FR}} passim.</ref><ref>{{HM|TT}} passim.</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Elendil.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Elendil'' is [[Quenya]] for "Lover of the Stars".<ref name=QEnote10>{{WJ|Author}}, Note 10, p. 410</ref>

For the [[Edain]] it was intended to signify "[[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]]", (''[[Nimruzîrim|Nimruzîr]] in [[Adûnaic]] ''),<ref>{{SD|67}}, p. 247</ref> since they tended to confuse the Quenya element [[EL]] for both "Elf" and "star".<ref name=QEnote10/>

==Genealogy==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELR | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elros]] ''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |F|~|A|~|7| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | AND | | NUM | | | | |AND=[[Lords of Andúnië|''Lords of Andúnië'']]|NUM=[[King of Númenor|''Kings of Númenor'']]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | NUM | | | | | | | | |NUM=[[Númendil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | AMA | | | | | | | | |AMA=[[Amandil]] ''Sailed west {{SA|3316}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELE | | | | | | | | |ELE='''ELENDIL''' ''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | ISI | | | | | | | | | | ANA | | |ISI=[[Isildur]] ''{{SA|3209}} - {{TA|2}}''†|ANA=[[Anárion]] ''{{SA|3219}} - {{SA|3440|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | ELE | | ARA | | CIR | | VAL | | UNN | | MEN |ELE=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]] ''{{SA|3299}} - {{TA|2}}''†|ARA=[[Aratan]] ''{{SA|3339}} - {{TA|2}}''†|CIR=[[Ciryon]] ''{{SA|3379}} - {{TA|2}}''†|VAL=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] ''{{SA|3430}} - {{TA|249}}''|UNN=''Three children'' ''unknown''|MEN=[[Meneldil]] ''{{SA|3318}} - {{TA|158}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ARN | | | | | | GON |ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of Arnor'']]|GON=[[Kings of Gondor|''Kings of Gondor'']]}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The chieftain of the alliance against [[Thû]] (Sauron) is named ''Amroth'' both in the outline<ref>{{LR|P1II1}}, p. 12</ref> and the first version of [[The Fall of Númenor (chapter)]].<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}, p. 18</ref> The name ''Elendil'' is given for first time in the second version.<ref>{{LR|P1II3}}, pp. 28-29</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Elendil in adaptations
|width=250
|height=150
|lines=2
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Elendil.jpg|Elendil in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Elendil.jpg|Elendil in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
|File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Captain Elendil.jpg|Captain Elendil in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''
}}
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:In the film's prologue, Elendil is played by [[Peter McKenzie]]. Unlike in the books, Elendil is killed by a blow of [[Sauron]] instead of having a part in destroying him with [[Gil-galad]]. Instead, [[Isildur]] deals the fatal blow to the still-living Sauron by cutting off his fingers with the broken blade of [[Narsil]], and, with them, the [[The One Ring|ring of power]].

'''2002: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':'''
:Elendil appears in the game's first level as a non-playable character, where he has the likeness of [[Peter Jackson]]'s [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|movie counterpart]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Elendil appears in several flashbacks depicting the the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. His ultimate fate is more accurate to the books than the film version, showing Elendil and [[Gil-galad]] both battling and defeating [[Sauron]] at the cost of their lives, with Elendil dealing the killing blow.

'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'', Season One:'''
:Elendil is portrayed by [[Lloyd Owen]] as a captain. He first appears in the [[Adar (episode)|third episode]], in a plotline created for the series in which he rescues [[Galadriel]] and [[Halbrand]] from the sea and takes them to [[Númenor]]. Unlike in the source materials, his Númenórean nobility is uncertain, as he is unknown to [[Tar-Míriel|Queen Míriel]].

{{References}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=numenorean
| house=[[Lord of Andúnië|House of Valandil]] Cadet branch of the [[House of Elros]]
| born={{SA|3119}}
| died={{SA|3441}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=3
| pvac=None
| prev=New title
| list=1st [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] of the [[Realms in Exile]]
| dates={{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}}
| next=[[Isildur]]
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| list=1st [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]
| dates={{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}}
}}
{{seq
| list=1st [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]] (as [[High King]])
| dates={{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}}
| next = [[Isildur]] & [[Anárion]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{northernline}}
{{southernline}}
{{numenor}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Dúnedain]]
[[Category:Faithful of Númenor]]
[[Category:House of Elendil]]
[[Category:Mariners]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Númenóreans]]

[[de: Elendil der Lange]]

Hither Shore 3

2024-01-13T22:15:47Z

Nienna1954: added category and linked German article

{{book
|title=Hither Shore Band 3 Die History of Middle-Earth - Entstehung und Hintergründe einer Mythologie
|image=[[File:Hither Shore 3.jpg|375px]]
|editor=[[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]]
|isbn=978-3-9810612-1-5
|publisher=[[Deutsche Tolkien Gesellschaft]]/Scriptorium Oxoniae
|date=[[30 March]] [[2007]]
|format=Softcover
|pages=300
}}

'''''Hither Shore ''Band 3: ''History of Middle-Earth''''' is the third volume of the journal [[Hither Shore]].

==Contents==
* Vorwort/Preface
* Tolkien Seminar 2006
** A Mythology for England – the Question of National Identity in Tolkien’s Legendarium by [[Thomas Honegger]] (Jena)
** The Lays of Beleriand: Epic and Romance by Allan Turner (Greifswald)
** Die steigende Präsenz von Philosophie und Theologie by [[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]] (Jerusalem)
** Von Wilderland nach Middle-earth by Christian Schröder (Stuttgart)
** Das Erbe der Entwürfe – Ungeplante Qualität(en) im Herrn der Ringe by Michaela Zehetner (Salzburg)
** »Who is Trotter?« – Anmerkungen zum Schaffensprozess bei J.R.R. Tolkien by Petra Zimmermann (Braunschweig)
** Working with HoMe: Its Use in Researching Shire Place-Names by [[Rainer Nagel]] (Mainz)
** Langlebigkeit, Unsterblichkeit und Wiedergeburt in Tolkiens Werk und Welt by Friedhelm Schneidewind (Hemsbach)
** Die Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth oder Das Menschenbild in Tolkiens Mythologie by Alexandra Wolf (Braunschweig)
** Ainulindalen by Thomas Gießl (Giengen)
** Die Romanfragmente The Lost Road und The Notion Club Papers: Zu ihrer literarisch-konzeptionellen Stellung innerhalb des literarisch-fiktionalen Gesamtwerkes by Heidi Krüger (Hamburg)
** ‘More poetical, less prosaic’: The Convergence of Myth and History in Tolkien’s Works by Judith Klinger (Potsdam)
** Raumschiffe und Zeitträume: Wie und warum Tolkien ohne Maschinen reisen wollte by Christian Weichmann (Berlin)
** Summaries of the Seminar Papers
* Works in Progress
** Projekt »Altenglisch für Tolkien-Fans« by Rainer Nagel and Alexandra Velten (Mainz)
** Summary
* Notes
** Eine Anmerkung zur Übersetzung von hill by Rainer Nagel (Mainz)
** Erbgedächtnis und angeborene Sprache by Friedhelm Schneidewind (Hemsbach)
** Éowyns >Leiden< – Ein Nachtrag by Patrick Brückner (Potsdam)
* Varia
** Lieder und Poesie als Teil der kulturellen Kommunikation Mittelerdes by Julian Eilmann (Aachen)
** Summary
* Rezensionen
** Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall, Edmund Weiner: The Ring of Words. Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary
** Mark T. Hooker: A Tolkienian Mathomium
** Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review. Volume III, 2006
** Karen Armstrong: Eine kurze Geschichte des Mythos
** Robert Eaglestone (Hg.): Reading The Lord of the Rings. New Writings on Tolkien’s Classic
** Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull: The Lord of the Rings: A Reader’s Companion
** Peter J. Kreeft: The Philosophy of Tolkien. The Worldview behind The Lord of the Rings
** Stuart D. Lee and Elizabeth Solopova: The Keys of Middle-earth. Discovering Medieval Literature through the Fiction of J.R.R. Tolkien
** Thomas Le Blanc und Bettina Twrsnick (Hg.): Das Dritte Zeitalter. J.R.R. Tolkien’s Herr der Ringe
** Henry Gee: The Science of Middle-earth: Explaining the Science Behind the Greatest Fantasy Epic Ever Told
** Eduardo Segura: El Viaje del Anillo
* Siglen-Liste
* Über die Autorinnen und Autoren
* About our Authors
* Index

==External links==
* [https://www.tolkiengesellschaft.de/der-verein/vereinspublikationen/hither-shore/hither-shore-3-die-history-of-middle-earth/ Hither Shore 3 on the official DTG website]

[[Category: Hither Shore]]
[[de: Hither Shore 03 – Die History of Middle-earth]]

Hither Shore 3

2024-01-13T22:14:50Z

Nienna1954: fixed format

Hither Shore 3

2024-01-13T22:14:04Z

Nienna1954: created article

{{book
|title=Hither Shore Band 3 Die History of Middle-Earth - Entstehung und Hintergründe einer Mythologie
|image=[[
[[File:Hither Shore 3.jpg|375px]]
]]
|editor=[[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]]
|isbn=978-3-9810612-1-5
|publisher=[[Deutsche Tolkien Gesellschaft]]/Scriptorium Oxoniae
|date=[[30 March]] [[2007]]
|format=Softcover
|pages=300
}}

'''''Hither Shore ''Band 3: ''History of Middle-Earth''''' is the third volume of the journal [[Hither Shore]].

==Contents==
* Vorwort/Preface
* Tolkien Seminar 2006
** A Mythology for England – the Question of National Identity in Tolkien’s Legendarium by [[Thomas Honegger]] (Jena)
** The Lays of Beleriand: Epic and Romance by Allan Turner (Greifswald)
** Die steigende Präsenz von Philosophie und Theologie by [[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]] (Jerusalem)
** Von Wilderland nach Middle-earth by Christian Schröder (Stuttgart)
** Das Erbe der Entwürfe – Ungeplante Qualität(en) im Herrn der Ringe by Michaela Zehetner (Salzburg)
** »Who is Trotter?« – Anmerkungen zum Schaffensprozess bei J.R.R. Tolkien by Petra Zimmermann (Braunschweig)
** Working with HoMe: Its Use in Researching Shire Place-Names by [[Rainer Nagel]] (Mainz)
** Langlebigkeit, Unsterblichkeit und Wiedergeburt in Tolkiens Werk und Welt by Friedhelm Schneidewind (Hemsbach)
** Die Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth oder Das Menschenbild in Tolkiens Mythologie by Alexandra Wolf (Braunschweig)
** Ainulindalen by Thomas Gießl (Giengen)
** Die Romanfragmente The Lost Road und The Notion Club Papers: Zu ihrer literarisch-konzeptionellen Stellung innerhalb des literarisch-fiktionalen Gesamtwerkes by Heidi Krüger (Hamburg)
** ‘More poetical, less prosaic’: The Convergence of Myth and History in Tolkien’s Works by Judith Klinger (Potsdam)
** Raumschiffe und Zeitträume: Wie und warum Tolkien ohne Maschinen reisen wollte by Christian Weichmann (Berlin)
** Summaries of the Seminar Papers
* Works in Progress
** Projekt »Altenglisch für Tolkien-Fans« by Rainer Nagel and Alexandra Velten (Mainz)
** Summary
* Notes
** Eine Anmerkung zur Übersetzung von hill by Rainer Nagel (Mainz)
** Erbgedächtnis und angeborene Sprache by Friedhelm Schneidewind (Hemsbach)
** Éowyns >Leiden< – Ein Nachtrag by Patrick Brückner (Potsdam)
* Varia
** Lieder und Poesie als Teil der kulturellen Kommunikation Mittelerdes by Julian Eilmann (Aachen)
** Summary
* Rezensionen
** Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall, Edmund Weiner: The Ring of Words. Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary
** Mark T. Hooker: A Tolkienian Mathomium
** Tolkien Studies: An Annual Scholarly Review. Volume III, 2006
** Karen Armstrong: Eine kurze Geschichte des Mythos
** Robert Eaglestone (Hg.): Reading The Lord of the Rings. New Writings on Tolkien’s Classic
** Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull: The Lord of the Rings: A Reader’s Companion
** Peter J. Kreeft: The Philosophy of Tolkien. The Worldview behind The Lord of the Rings
** Stuart D. Lee and Elizabeth Solopova: The Keys of Middle-earth. Discovering Medieval Literature through the Fiction of J.R.R. Tolkien
** Thomas Le Blanc und Bettina Twrsnick (Hg.): Das Dritte Zeitalter. J.R.R. Tolkien’s Herr der Ringe
** Henry Gee: The Science of Middle-earth: Explaining the Science Behind the Greatest Fantasy Epic Ever Told
** Eduardo Segura: El Viaje del Anillo
* Siglen-Liste
* Über die Autorinnen und Autoren
* About our Authors
* Index

==External links==
* [https://www.tolkiengesellschaft.de/der-verein/vereinspublikationen/hither-shore/hither-shore-3-die-history-of-middle-earth/ Hither Shore 3 on the official DTG website]

File:Hither Shore 3.jpg

2024-01-13T22:02:43Z

Nienna1954:

Cover of Hither Shore 3

Hither Shore 13

2024-01-13T21:49:17Z

Nienna1954: linked German article

{{book
|title=Hither Shore Band 13 Tolkien's Philosophy of Language
|image=[[File:Hither Shore 13.jpg|275px]]
|editor=[[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]], [[Thomas Honegger]], [[Julian T.M. Eilmann]]
|illustrator=[[Kathrin Bondzio]] (cover art)
|isbn=978-3-9818313-1-3
|publisher=[[Deutsche Tolkien Gesellschaft]]/Scriptorium Oxoniae
|date=[[6 May|6]]-[[8 May]] [[2016]]
|format=Softcover
|pages=190
}}

'''''Hither Shore'' Band 13: ''Tolkien's Philosophy of Language''''' is the thirteenth volume of the journal ''[[Hither Shore (journal)|Hither Shore]]''.

== Contents ==
*Preface/Vorwort
*Tolkien Seminar 2016
** "A Natural Product of our Humanity: Tolkien's Philosophy of Language" by Ross Smith (Madrid)
** "Sprache und Weltverständnis" by Thomas Fornet-Ponse (Köln)
** "Tolkien's Linguistic World-Building Examined" by Patrick Schmitz & David Graziano (Alsdorf/Zweibrücken)
** "Behind the Names of Torhthelm and Tídwald: Tolkien's Onomastic Imagination in ''[[The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son]]''" by Lukasz Neubauer (Koszalin)
** "Nomen est Omen - Funktion und Bedeutung von Namen in Tolkiens Werk" by Helmut W. Pesch (Bergisch Gladbach)
** "Mediation of Names in ''The Lord of the Rings''" by Allan Turner (Gateshead)
** "Ein heimlliches Laster oder der Untergrund der Sprache: Eine Untersunchung zu Tolkiens Semiotik" by Wilhelm Kuehs (Klagenfurt)
** "Thresholds and Departures: Narrative Functions for Non-Westron Languages in Tolkien's ''The Lord of the Rings''" by Jonathan Nauman (Vaughan Association, USA)
** "Hermeneutical Perspectives on Tolkien's Rhetorical Craftsmanship" by Annie Birks (Angers)
** "Angeborene, natürliche und Heimatsprache - Native Language - und was die Wissenschaft heute davon hält" by Friedhelm Schneidewind (Hemsbach)

*Additional Essays
**"''The Lord of the Rings Stage Musical'' as a Fairy-Story" by Tobias Escher (Bingen)
** Zusammenfassungen der englischen Essays
** Summaries of the German Essays

*Reviews/Rezensionen
*Our Authors/Unsere Autorinnen & Autoren
*Index
{{hithershore}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Hither Shore'' 13}}
[[Category:Hither Shore]]
[[de: Hither Shore 13 – Tolkiens Philosophie der Sprache]]

Hither Shore 9

2024-01-13T20:32:21Z

Nienna1954: linked German article

{{book
|title=Hither Shore Band 9 Tolkien's Influence on Fantasy
|image=[[File:Hither Shore 9.png|275px]]
|editor=[[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]]
|illustrator=[[Anke Eißmann]] (cover art)
|isbn=978-3981061277
|publisher=[[Deutsche Tolkien Gesellschaft]]/Scriptorium Oxoniae
|date=[[3 July]] [[2013]]<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.amazon.co.uk/Tolkiens-Influence-Fantasy-Tolkien-Hither/dp/3981061276/|articlename=Tolkien's Influence on Fantasy - Tolkien: Hither Shore Band 9|dated=|website=AMUK|accessed=15 July 2013}}</ref>
|format=Softcover
|pages=199
}}
'''''Hither Shore'' Band 9: ''Tolkien's Influence on Fantasy''''' is the tenth volume of the journal ''[[Hither Shore (journal)|Hither Shore]]''.

==Contents==

*Preface
*Tolkien Seminar 2012:
**"Über die (Un-)Möglichkeit, literarischen Einfluss nachzuweisen" by [[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]]
**"The Inner Consistency of Reality: J.R.R. Tolkien, Flannery O'Connor, Michael D. O'Brien, Jonathan Franzen" by Guglielmo Spirito and Emanuele Rimoli
**"'Monster', Mode und Moneten — 'Völkerromane', ihre Beziehung zu Tolkiens Werk und das Marketing" by Friedhelm Schneidewind
**"An Old Light Rekindled: Tolkien's Influence on Fantasy" by Anna Thayer
**"Ähnlichkeiten der Figurenkonstellationen in ''Der Herr der Ringe'' und ''Harry Potter''" by Anja Stürzer
**"Rätsel in ''The Hobbit'' und in Walter Moers' ''Rumo''" by Antje Rügamer
**"''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''Memorias de Idhún''" by Natalia González de la Llana
**"Eine Analyse des ''Shannara''-Zyklus von Terry Brooks" by Frank Weinreich
*Varia
**"Two Swedish Interviews with J.R.R. Tolkien" by [[Morgan Thomsen]] and [[Shaun Gunner]]
*Summaries of the German Essays
*Reviews
*Our Authors
{{references}}
{{hithershore}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Hither Shore'' 9}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hither Shore 09}}
[[Category:Hither Shore]]
[[de: Hither Shore 09 – Tolkiens Einfluss auf die moderne Fantasy]]

Hither Shore 6

2024-01-13T20:31:16Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

{{book
|title=Hither Shore Band 6 Gewalt, Konflikt und Krieg bei Tolkien
|image=[[File:Hither Shore 6.jpg|275px]]
|editor=[[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]]
|illustrator=[[Anke Eißmann]] (cover art)
|isbn=978-3-9810612-4-6
|publisher=[[Deutsche Tolkien Gesellschaft]]/Scriptorium Oxoniae
|date=[[11 June]] [[2010]]
|format=Softcover
|pages=
}}
'''''Hither Shore'' Band 6: ''Gewalt, Konflikt Und Krieg Bei Tolkien / Violence, Conflict, and War in Tolkien''''' is the sixth volume of the journal ''[[Hither Shore (journal)|Hither Shore]]''.

==Contents==
*Foreword

*Tolkien Seminar 2009
**"Violence in ''The Lord of the Rings''" by Frank Weinreich
**"Perspectives on Just War in Tolkien’s ''Legendarium''" by Annie Birks
**"Gibt es Macht ohne Gewalt?" by [[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]]
**"Gewalt und Gewaltdarstellung bei Tolkien im Vergleich mit zeitgenössischen Gewalt- und Aggressionstheorien" by Friedhelm Schneidewind
**"Der Sängerkrieg: Gesang und Gewalt in J.R.R. Tolkiens Mittelerde" by Julian T.M. Eilmann
**"Von kühner Recken Streiten? Höfische Akteure und Heroische Gewalt in Tolkiens ''Farmer Giles of Ham''" by Patrick Brückner
**"Dagor dagorath & Ragnarök: Tolkien & the Apocalypse" by [[Michaël Devaux]]
**"lean Earth to Till: A Tolkienian Vision of War" by Anna Slack
**"The Legacy of Swords: Animate Weapons and the Ambivalence of Heroic Violence" by Judith Klinger
**"Language and Violence: The Orcs, the Ents, and Tom Bombadil" by Martin G.E. Sternberg
**"The Problem of Closure: War and Narrative in ''The Lord of the Rings''" by Margaret Hiley
**"The Legends of the Trojan War in J.R.R. Tolkien" by Guglielmo Spirito
**"'contraria contrariis curantur' – Krankheitsheilung als Kampf in Tolkiens ''The Lord of the Rings''" by Petra Zimmermann

*Summaries of the German Essays
*Rezensionen / Reviews

==External links==
* [http://www.scriptorium-oxoniae.de/hs_6.htm Official website]

{{hithershore}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Hither Shore'' 6}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hither Shore 06}}
[[Category:Hither Shore]]
[[de: Hither Shore 06 – Gewalt, Konflikt und Krieg bei Tolkien]]

Hither Shore 4

2024-01-12T14:38:56Z

Nienna1954: fixed link to German article

{{book
|title=Hither Shore Band 4 Tolkiens kleinere Werke
|image=[[File:Hither Shore 4.jpg|275px]]
|editor=[[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]]
|illustrator=[[Anke Eißmann]] (cover art)
|isbn=978-3-9810612-2-2
|publisher=[[Deutsche Tolkien Gesellschaft]]/Scriptorium Oxoniae
|date=[[22 April]] [[2008]]
|format=Softcover
|pages=259
}}
'''''Hither Shore'' Band 4: ''Tolkiens kleinere Werke''''' is the fourth volume of the journal ''[[Hither Shore (journal)|Hither Shore]]''.

==Contents==

*Tolkien Seminar 2007:
**"The Rout of the King: Tolkien's Readings on Arthurian Kingship" by [[Vincent Ferré]]
**"Speaking with Animals: A Desire that lies at the Heart of Faërie" by Guglielmo Spirito
**"Die Metaphysik der Zweitschöpfung. Zur Ontologie von Mythopoeia" by Frank Weinreich
**"Tolkiens sub-creation – Die kleinen Werke als fairy-stories?" by [[Thomas Fornet-Ponse]]
**"''Smith of Wootton Major'' als religiöser Text" by Martin Sternberg
**"''Farmer Giles of Ham'': eine prototypische Drachengeschichte in humorvoller Tradition" by Friedhelm Schneidewind
**"Das Drachenmotiv bei Tolkien als poetologisches Konzept zur Genese des Episch-Historischen" by Patrick A. Brückner
**""Tom Bombadil: The Sins of his Youth" by Allan Turner
**"Leaf by Tolkien?" by Fabian Geier
**"Blatt von Tüftler: eine literaturkritische Untersuchung" by Heidi Krüger
**"Journeys in the Dark" by Margaret Hiley
**"A Star Above the Mast: Tolkien, Faërie and the Great Escape" by Anna Slack

*Notes
**"Zwischen Genie und Wahnsinn: Gedanken eines Künstlers über Muschelklang und Elbenstern" by Friedhelm Schneidewind
**"''The Children of Húrin'': Its Use for Tolkien Scholarship" by Thomas Fornet-Ponse

*Rezensionen

==External links==
* [http://www.scriptorium-oxoniae.de/hs_4.htm Official website]

{{hithershore}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Hither Shore'' 4}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hither Shore 04}}
[[Category:Hither Shore]]
[[de: Hither Shore 04 – Tolkiens kleinere Werke]]

Hither Shore 4

2024-01-12T14:38:08Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

Bronwyn

2024-01-11T16:43:11Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

{{adaptation}}
{{men infobox
| people=[[Pre-Númenóreans|Southlander]]
| name=Bronwyn
| image=[[File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Bronwyn.jpg|275px]]
| caption="Bronwyn" in ''[[:Category:Images from The Rings of Power (TV series)|The Rings of Power]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Apothecary
| location=[[Hordern]], [[Tirharad]], [[Watchtower of Ostirith]], [[Pelargir]]
| affiliation=The [[Mordor|Southlands]] of [[Middle-earth]]
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Late [[Second Age]]
| birthlocation=[[Hordern]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=Unknown husband (presumably deceased) [[Arondir]] (in love with)
| children=[[Theo]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Dark brown
| eyes=
| clothing=Blue dress Red cloak
| weapons=Curved scimitar
| steed=
}}

'''Bronwyn''' was a [[Pre-Númenóreans|Southlander]] of [[Tirharad]] in the [[Mordor|Southlands]] of [[Middle-earth]]. Bronwyn was invented for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'' by [[Amazon Studios]] and she is portrayed by [[Nazanin Boniadi]].<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9788618/fullcredits|articlename=Full Cast & Crew|dated=|website=IMDB|accessed=28 July 2022}}</ref>

==History==
Bronwyn was born and grew up in the village of [[Hordern]], and at some point, she moved to [[Tirharad]], though her family remained behind. At some point later, she became the mother of [[Theo]] and she worked as an apothecary at Tirharad. During this time, she fell in love with the Silvan Elf [[Arondir]], though they kept their affection secret because of the negative sentiment of her race towards the Elves.

{{References}}

[[Category:The Rings of Power (TV series) characters]]
[[Category:Men from adaptations]]
[[fi:Bronwyn (televisiosarjan hahmo)]]
[[de: Bronwyn]]

Arondir

2024-01-11T16:40:27Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

{{adaptation}}
{{nandor infobox
| name=Arondir
| people=[[Nandor|Nando]]
| image=[[File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Arondir.png|275px]]
| caption="Arondir" in ''[[:Category:Images from The Rings of Power (TV series)|The Rings of Power]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Watchtower of Ostirith]], [[Hordern]], and [[Tirharad]]
| affiliation=[[Nandor]], [[Noldor]], and [[Men|Southlanders]]
| language=[[Silvan Elvish]] and [[Quenya]]
| birth=[[First Age]]
| birthlocation=[[Beleriand]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Green
| clothing=
| weapons=Bow
| steed=
}}

'''Arondir''' is a [[Silvan Elves|Silvan elf]]. Arondir was invented for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'' television series by [[Amazon Studios]], where he was portrayed by [[Ismael Cruz Córdova]].<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9788618/fullcredits|articlename=Full Cast & Crew|dated=|website=IMDB|accessed=28 July 2022}}</ref>

==History==
Arondir was born and grew up in [[Beleriand]] before its destruction. By the Second Age he was stationed in the [[Southlands]] of Middle-earth, for the Silvan Elves watched the land's inhabitants to ensure that they did not revert to evil as their ancestors had done, which were serving [[Morgoth]]. Arondir remained in the Southlands for 79 years. During that time, he became acquainted with and fell in love with a woman named [[Bronwyn]], who lived in [[Tirharad]], though her son, [[Theo]], viewed the Elf with suspicion.

{{references}}
[[Category:The Rings of Power (TV series) characters]]
[[Category:Elves from adaptations]]

[[fi:Arondir (televisiosarjan hahmo)]]
[[de: Arondir]]

Aldor (film character)

2024-01-11T16:35:20Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

{{disambig-two|the "Lord of the Rings" film character|third King of Rohan|[[Aldor]]}}
{{Adaptation}}
{{Rohirrim infobox
| name=Aldor
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - Aldor.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Aldor" in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Conscripted archer
| location=[[Hornburg]]
| affiliation=[[Rohirrim]]
| language=[[Rohanese]] [[Westron]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=Making the first move during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Whitish gray hair and beard
| eyes=Blue
| clothing=
| weapons=Bow
| steed=
}}

'''Aldor''' was a [[Men|Man]] of [[Rohan]] who fought in the [[Battle of the Hornburg]]. Aldor was invented by [[Warner Bros.]] for [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], where he was portrayed by [[Bruce Allpress]].

== History ==
Aldor prematurely shot his arrow and killed an [[Uruk-hai]] soldier, triggering the [[Orcs|Orc army]] to charge on the fortress. It is not known if he survived the battle.

{{references}}

{{title}}

[[Category:Men from adaptations]]
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings (film series) characters]]
[[de: Aldor (Filmfigur)]]

Middle-earth Enterprises/Copyrights

2023-12-07T11:21:37Z

Nienna1954: list with bulleted items

{{cleanup}}
'''Middle-earth Enterprises''' (formerly '''Tolkien Enterprises''') is a company which has the world-wide adaptation and merchandising rights to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[The Hobbit]]''.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.middleearth.com/about.html|articlename=About|accessed=21 June 2014|website=[http://www.middleearth.com/about.html Middle-earth Enterpises]}}</ref>

On the website was formerly listed the '''names, characters, locations, events, and objects from Tolkien's over which Middle-earth Enterprises claimed copyright'''. Below is the list from [[2003]].<ref>{{webcite|accessed=21 June 2014|dated=2 October 2003|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20031002233005/http://tolkien-ent.com/new/names.html|articlename=Tolkien Fanciful Names - Characters|website=[http://web.archive.org/web/20031001223313/http://www.tolkien-ent.com/new/index.html Tolkien Enterprises] (via [http://www.archive.org Archive.org])}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|accessed=21 June 2014|dated=2 October 2003|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20031002233358/http://tolkien-ent.com/new/places.html|articlename=Tolkien Fanciful Names - Places|website=[http://web.archive.org/web/20031001223313/http://www.tolkien-ent.com/new/index.html Tolkien Enterprises] (via [http://www.archive.org Archive.org])}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|accessed=21 June 2014|dated=2 October 2003|articleurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20031002025241/http://tolkien-ent.com/new/things.html|articlename=Tolkien Fanciful Names - Things & Events|website=[http://web.archive.org/web/20031001223313/http://www.tolkien-ent.com/new/index.html Tolkien Enterprises] (via [http://www.archive.org Archive.org])}}</ref>

==Names/characters==
<poem>
* Appledore
* Aragorn/Strider (also Elessar, Estel, Elfstone)
* Arwen (also Evenstar, Undómiel, Lady of Rivendell)
* Asfaloth
* Baggins, Bilbo
* Baggins, Frodo
* Balin
* Balrog (also Durin’s Bane)
* Bard
* Barrow-wights
* Beechbone
* Beorn
* Beornings
* Bifur
* Black Riders (also Nazgûl, The Nine, Ringwraiths)
* Bofur
* Bolger, Fredegar (Fatty)
* Bombadil, Tom (also Iarwain Ben-adar, Forn, Orald)
* Bombur
* Boromir
* Bracegirdle
* Brandybuck, Meriadoc (Merry)
* Bregalad (Quickbeam)
* Butterbur, Barliman
* Carc
* Celeborn
* Círdan
* Cotton, (Farmer & family: Jolly, Mrs., Nibs, Nick, Rosie, Young Tom)
* Crebain
* Dain (II) Ironfoot
* Déagol
* Denethor
* Dernhelm
* Dori
* Dúnadan, pl. Dúnedain
* Dunlendings
* Dwalin
* Elrond (also Elrond Halfelven)
* Ents, Entwives, Entmaidens, Entings
* Éomer
* Éomund
* Éowyn
* Evenstar
* Fallohides
* Faramir
* Fatty Lumpkin
* Ferny, Bill
* Fili
* Galadriel
* Galadhrim
* Gamgee, Hamfast (also Gaffer)
* Gamgee, Samwise (also Sam)
* Gandalf (also Mithrandir, Stormcrow, Greyhame, Olórin)
* Ghân-buri-Ghân
* Gildor Inglorion
* Gimli
* Glóin
* Glorfindel
* Goldberry
* Gollum/Sméagol (also Trahald)
* Gorbag
* Gothmog
* Greyhame
* Gríma (also Wormtongue)
* Grishnákh
* Gwaihir
* Halflings
* Haradrim (also Southrons, Swertings)
* Harfoots
* Hobbits (also Periannath, Halflings)
* Iarwain Ben-adar
* Imrahil
* Ioreth
* Istari
* Kili
* Landroval Legolas
* Lord of the Nazgûl (also Witch King of Angmar)
* Lugdush
* Maggot, Farmer & Mrs.
* Mûmak, mûmakil (also oliphaunt)
* Nazgûl
* Noldor (also High-elves)
* Nori
* Oakenshield, Thorin
* Oin
* Oliphaunt
* Orald
* Orcs (various species)
* Ori
* Proudfoot
* Puddifoot
* Pûkel-men
* Quickbeam (also Bregalad)
* Radagast the Brown
* Ringwraiths
* Roäc
* Rohirrim
* Sackville-Baggins (Lobelia, Lotho, Otho)
* Saruman (also Sharkey)
* Sauron (also the Dark Lord, Lord of the Rings, Lord of Barad-dûr)
* Scatha
* Shadowfax
* Shagrat
* Sharkey
* Shelob
* Shirriffs
* Silvan Elves (also Wood-elves)
* Smaug
* Sméagol
* Snowmane
* Stoors
* Strider
* Théoden
* Thranduil
* Took (Belladonna, The Old, Peregrin aka Pippin)
* Treebeard (also Fangorn)
* Uglúk
* Underhill
* Wandlimb (also Fimbrethil)
* Wargs
* Wormtongue/Gríma
* Woses</poem>

==Places==
<poem>
* Aglarond
* Amon Hen
* Amon Lhaw
* Amon Sûl (also Weathertop)
* Anduin
* Angmar
* Anórien
* Archet
* Arnor
* Bag End
* Bagshot Row
* Barad-dûr
* Baranduin (also Brandywine)
* Barrow-Downs
* Belfalas, Bay of Belfalas
* Brandy Hall
* Brandywine River
* Brandywine Bridge (also Bridge of Stonebows)
* Bree
* Bridge of Mitheithel (also the Last Bridge)
* Bruinen (River), Ford of Bruinen
* Buck Hill, Buckland, Bucklebury
* Bywater
* Caradhras (also Redhorn, Barazinbar)
* Caras Galadon
* Carn Dûm
* Carrock
* Celebdil the White (also Silvertine, Zirak-zigil)
* Celebrant (River), (also Silverlode, Field of Celebrant)
* Cerin Amroth
* Chamber of Mazarbul
* Chetwood
* Cirith Gorgor
* Cirith Ungol
* Combe
* Cormallen, Field of
* Cracks of Doom
* Crickhollow
* Dagorlad
* Dale
* Dead Marshes
* Derndingle
* Dimholt
* Dimrill Dale (also Azanulbizar, Dimrill Gate, Dimrill Stair)
* Dol Amroth
* Dol Baran
* Dol Guldur
* Dorwinion
* Druadan Forest
* Dunharrow
* Dunland
* Dwarrowdelf (also Khazad-dûm, Moria)
* Dwimorberg
* Eastemnet
* Eastfarthing
* Edoras
* Eldamar
* Emyn Muil
* Enedwaith
* Entwade, Entwash (River), Entwood
* Ephel Dúath
* Erebor (also the Lonely Mountain)
* Erech
* Ered Lithui
* Ered Luin
* Ered Mithrin
* Ered Nimrais
* Eregion (also Hollin)
* Eriador
* Esgaroth (also Lake Town)
* Fangorn Forest (also Entwood)
* Fanuidhol the Grey (also Cloudyhead,vBundushathur)
* Forlindon
* Forodwaith
* Frogmorton
* Gladden Fields
* Gondor
* Gorgoroth, Plateau of
* Great Smials
* Green Dragon Inn
* Grey Havens
* Gulf of Lune
* Harad, Far Harad, Haradwaith
* Hardbottle
* Harlindon
* Harrowdale
* Helm’s Deep
* Hobbiton
* Hollin (also Eregion)
* Hornburg
* Imladris (also Rivendell)
* Isen (River), Fords of Isen
* Isengard
* Ithilien
* Khand
* Khazad-dûm (also Moria, Dwarrowdelf)
* Last Homely House
* Limlight (River)
* Longbottom
* Lórien
* Lothlórien
* Lune: Mountains of, Gulf of
* Marish
* Mathom-house
* Mering Stream
* Methedras
* Michel Delving
* Middle-earth
* Midgewater Marshes
* Minas Anor
* Minas Ithil
* Minas Morgul
* Minas Tirith
* Mindolluin
* Mirkwood (also Greenwood the Great, Eryn Lasgalen)
* Mirrormerev(also Kheled-zâram)
* Misty Mountains
* Morannon
* Mordor
* Morgul Pass, Morgul Vale
* Moria (also Khazad-dûm, Dwarrowdelf)
* Mount Doom (also Orodruin)
* Nan Curunír (also Wizard’s Vale)
* Nimrodel
* Nindalf (also the Wetwang)
* Northfarthing
* Nurn
* Nurnen, Sea of
* Orodruin (also Mount Doom)
* Orthanc
* Osgiliath
* Parth Galen
* Pelargir
* Pelennor, Pelennor Fields
* Prancing Pony, The (Inn)
* Rammas Echor
* Rath Celerdain
* Rath Dínen
* Rauros
* Ravenhill
* Rhosgobel
* Rhovanion
* Rhudaur
* Rhûn, Sea of Rhûn
* Rivendell (also Imladris)
* Rohan (also Riddermark)
* Sarn Ford
* Scary
* Shire, The
* Shirebourn (River)
* Silverlode (also Celebrant)
* Snowbourn (River)
* Southfarthing
* Staddle
* Stonewain Valley
* Stoning-land
* Tarlang’s Neck
* Tharbad
* Three-farthing Stone
* Trollshaws
* Tuckborough
* Umbar
* Weathertop (also Amon Sûl)
* Wellinghall
* Westemnet
* Westfarthing
* Westfold, Westfold Vale
* Westmarch
* Wetwang (also Nindalf)
* Wilderland (also Rhovanion)
* Withywindle (River)</poem>

==Things & Events==
<poem>
* Andúril (also Flame of the West)
* Angerthas
* Arkenstone
* athelas (also kingsfoil)
* Book of Mazarbul
* Cirth (also Certar)
* cram
* elanor
* Entmoot
* galenas
* Glamdring (also Foe-hammer)
* Isildur’s Bane (The One Ring)
* Ithil-stone
* kingsfoil
* Khuzdul
* lembas (also waybread)
* Elanor, pl. mellyrn
* mathom
* miruvor
* mithril
* Narsil (also Sword of Elendil)
* Narya, the Ring of Fire
* Nenya, the Ring of Adamant
* Nimloth (also the White Tree)
* Orcrist (also Goblin-cleaver)
* Orthanc-stone (also palantír)
* palantír, pl. palantíri
* Phial of Galadriel
* Quenya
* Red Book of Westmarch
* Rohirric
* Sindarin
* Smials
* Sting
* Stone of Erech
* talan (also flet)
* Tengwar
* Vilya, the Rings of the Firmament
* Westron
</poem>

==See also==
* [[Middle-earth Enterprises]]
* [[Licensing]]
{{references}}

[[Category:Copyright]]

Robert Quilter Gilson

2023-11-10T11:42:07Z

Nienna1954: linked German article

Lieutenant '''Robert Quilter Gilson''' ([[25 October]] [[1893]] - [[1 July]] [[1916]]) was a childhood friend of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. Gilson, Tolkien and [[Geoffrey Bache Smith]] attended [[King Edward's School]] in [[Birmingham]] together, and served in the [[World War I|First World War]]. He was killed by a shell on the first day of the [[Battle of the Somme]].<ref>[[John Garth]], ''[[Tolkien and the Great War]]''</ref>

Actor [[Patrick Gibson]] plays him in biographical drama film about J.R.R. Tolkien, called [[Tolkien (film)|Tolkien]].
==External links==
* [https://vimeo.com/ellianderpics/gilson Robert Quilter Gilson - Memoirs of an Infantry Officer] (documentary)
* [http://www.johngarth.co.uk/php/boy_didnt_believe_fairies.php Tolkien and the boy who didn’t believe in fairies] by [[John Garth]]
* [http://www.webmatters.net/txtpat/?id=108 Robert Gilson] at Webmatters.com
* [http://trinitycollegelibrarycambridge.wordpress.com/2014/07/09/wwi-gilson/ Robert Quilter Gilson] at the Trinity College Library website

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gilson, Robert}}
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:T.C.B.S.]]
[[Category:World War I]]
[[fi:Robert Quilter Gilson]]
[[de:Robert Quilter Gilson]]

Andrew Lesnie

2023-11-08T10:37:59Z

Nienna1954: linked German article

{{Expansion}}
'''Andrew Lesnie''' ([[1 January]], [[1956]] - [[27 April]], [[2015]])<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.smh.com.au/national/acclaimed-cinematographer-andrew-lesnie-leaves-staggeringly-influential-oeuvre-20150717-giedjn.html|articlename=Acclaimed cinematographer Andrew Lesnie leaves staggeringly influential oeuvre|dated=17 July 2015|website=[http://www.smh.com.au The Sydney Morning Herald]|accessed=}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-32493678|articlename=Andrew Lesnie, Lord of the Rings cinematographer, dies|dated=28 April 2015|website=[http://www.bbc.co.uk BBC]|accessed=}}</ref> was an Australian cinematographer. He served as the director of photography for [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]] and for [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]. He won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography in [[2002]] for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2002|articlename=The 74th Academy Awards (2002)|dated=24 March 2002|website=[http://www.oscars.org Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]|accessed=}}</ref>

==External links==
*{{WP|Andrew Lesnie}}
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0504226/ Andrew Lesnie] at [http://www.imdb.com/ IMDb]

{{references}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lesnie, Andrew}}
[[Category:Australian people]]
[[Category:People by name]]

[[de:Andrew Lesnie]]

Ancrene Wisse

2023-11-08T10:37:13Z

Nienna1954: linked German article

{{book
|title=Ancrene Wisse: The English Text of the Ancrene Riwle
|image=[[Image:Ancrene Wisse 1962.jpg|275px]]
|editor=[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], N.R. Ker (introduction)
|publisher=Oxford University Press, for the Early English Text Society
|date=[[7 December]] [[1962]]
|format=Hardcover; paperback
|pages=244
|isbn=0197222498
|series=Early English Text Society. Original series, no. 249
}}
'''''Ancrene Wisse: The English Text of the Ancrene Riwle''''' is an edition by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] of the anonymous 13th-century religious text ''[[wikipedia:Ancrene Wisse|Ancrene Wisse]]'', originally published by Oxford University Press in [[1962]], at the commission of the Early English Text Society.

''Ancrene Wisse'' (sometimes also ''Ancrene Riwle'') is early [[Middle English]] for "Anchoresses' Guide." It is a guide or set of rules for the lives of female religious recluses. There are several surviving manuscripts of this text. One of the most important of these, known as "MS CCCC 402",<ref group="note">MS. Corpus Christi College Cambridge 402</ref> particularly interested Tolkien, and was the basis for this volume.

The book contains an introduction by N.R. Ker and a prefatory note by Tolkien, the main text is in Middle English, untranslated. It also presents on frontispiece two pages from the "MS CCCC 402" manuscript.

It was reprinted in [[1997]] in the original hardcover, and again in [[2013]] in white paperbacks.

==Publication history and gallery==
{{Gallery
|width=125
|height=125
|lines=2
|File:Ancrene Wisse 1962.jpg|1962 hardcover
|File:Ancrene Wisse 2013.jpeg|2013 paperback reprint
|File:Ancrene Wisse title page.jpeg|frontispiece and title page
}}
* Oxford University Press, hardcover ([[1962]]), pp. 244. ISBN 0197222498
* Oxford University Press, paperback ([[2013]]), pp. 252. ISBN 978-1843843443

==External links==
* [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/ancrene-wisse-9781843843443?lang=en&cc=cz Order the reprint] on OUP.com

{{notes}}
{{title|italics}}
{{Publishedmajorbooks}}
[[Category:Books by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]
[[Category:Religious books]]
[[Category:Scholarly books]]

[[de:Ancrene Wisse: The English Text of the Ancrene Riwle]]

William Cater

2023-11-08T10:01:08Z

Nienna1954: linked German article

{{stub}}
'''William "Bill" Cater''' is a British journalist who interviewed [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] on [[2 August]] [[1966]] for the ''[[wikipedia:Daily Express|Daily Express]]''.<ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond, Wayne G.]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull, Christina]], ''[[The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide]]: Chronology'', p. 671</ref> Cater later became a friend of Tolkien {{redlink|<ref>[http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=224896 Tolkien - the most unmanageable man (January 11, 2008)] at Lotrplaza.com, as of July 28, 2010</ref>}} '''and they exchanged several letters. In 1977, Cater made an interview with [[Christopher Tolkien]], concerning the publication of ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.

In a 1972 article celebrating Tolkien's upcoming 80th birthday, Cater coined a famous expression which was to be used on the dustwrappers of an edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'':

{{quote|The English-speaking world is divided into those who have read The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings and those who are going to read them.|William Cater, The Sunday Times (UK)}}

He presented a paper called ''"Interviewing Tolkien" '' at the [[J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference]] in 1992, but it was not submitted for later publication in [[Proceedings of the J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference| the conference's proceedings]].<ref> [[Proceedings of the J.R.R. Tolkien Centenary Conference]], p. 6</ref>

==Bibliography==
===Articles===
*[[1966]]: ''Daily Express'', 22 November
**"Lord of the Hobbits" (p.10)
*[[1972]]: [[The Sunday Times Magazine (2 January 1972)|''The Sunday Times Magazine'', January 2]]
**"The Lord of the Legends"
*[[1977]]: ''Sunday Times Magazine'', 25 September
**"The filial duty of Christopher Tolkien" (pp. 61, 63. Photo of Christopher Tolkien on p. 61.)
*[[1978]]: ''[[The Tolkien Scrapbook]]''
**"The Filial Duty of Christopher Tolkien"
*[[2001]]: ''Telegraph'', December 4
**"[[We Talked of Love, Death and Fairy Tales]]"
==See also==
* [[Letter 322]]
* [[Letter 330]]
* [[Letter 331]]
{{references}}
[[CATEGORY:Authors|Cater, William]]
[[CATEGORY:Letter receivers|Cater, William]]
[[CATEGORY:British people|Cater, William]]
[[CATEGORY:People by name|Cater, William]]
[[de:William Cater]]
[[fi:William Cater]]

William Morris

2023-11-08T09:59:30Z

Nienna1954: linked German article

{{author infobox
| image=[[Image:William Morris.jpg|250px]]
| name=William Morris
| born=[[24 March]] [[1834]]
| died=[[3 October]] [[1896]]
| education=
| occupation=Author
| location=England
| website=
}}

'''William Morris''' was an English artist and author, who wrote and published poetry, fiction, and translations of ancient and medieval texts throughout his life. [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] was influenced by both the artistic and literary work of Morris.

==Literary influence==

Literary works by Morris, which Tolkien explicitly stated to have had an impact on his writing, are his translation of the ''[[List of books in Tolkien's library#Völsunga Saga|Völsunga Saga]]'',<ref name=CGMorris>{{CG|RG}}, "Morris, William", pp. 598-604</ref>, and his novels ''[[The House of the Wolfings]]'' and ''[[The Roots of the Mountains]]''. Tolkien also said in an early letter to [[Edith Tolkien|Edith]] that he tried to use some of Morris's literary techniques when writing "[[The Story of Kullervo]]".<ref>{{L|1}}</ref><ref>Michael W. Perry, "Morris, Williams", in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]''</ref>

Furthermore, scholars have deduced possible implicit influences from these and several others of Morris's works: ''The Earthly Paradise'' (for ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''),<ref name=CGMorris/> ''The Roots of the Mountains'' (for [[Gollum]]),<ref name=TS>[[Tom Shippey]], "Introduction", in ''The Wood beyond the World'' (Oxford, 1980)</ref> ''The Wood beyond the World'' (for [[Lothlórien]] and [[Fangorn Forest|Fangorn]]),<ref name=TS/> and his translation of ''The Saga of Gunnlaug the Worm-tongue'' (for [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]]).<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 400</ref>

==Artistic influence==
In several illustrations, Tolkien was clearly inspired by the decorative style found in the [[wikipedia:Arts and Crafts Movement|Arts and Crafts Movement]] (of which Morris was the central figure and one of the founders) and the related [[wikipedia:Art Nouveau|Art Nouveau]]. The design philosophy of Morris was to re-introduce traditional craftsmanship by using simple forms and patterns and often medieval, romantic or folk styles of decoration (in reaction to early to the early modern industrial design), a theme which can be seen in some of Tolkien's illustrations from the late 1920s (see, e.g., '[[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Tol Sirion (Colored by H.E. Riddett).jpg|Tol Sirion]]'), some of his paintings for ''[[The Hobbit]]'', the ornamental patterns drawn in later years,<ref>{{HM|AI}}, pp. 9-10</ref><ref name=CGMorris/> and his hand-drawn maps of [[Middle-earth]].<ref>Alice Campbell, "Maps", in ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment]]''</ref> It is known that Tolkien owned a copy of Morris' lecture ''Some Hints on Pattern Designing'' (1899).<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.bonhams.com/auctions/20753/lot/355/|articlename=Lot 355. Tolkien, William Morris and Exeter College|dated=12 Nov 2013|website=Bonhams|accessed=19 April 2021}}</ref>

==Bibliography, selected==
===Fiction===
*1867: ''[[List of books in Tolkien's library#The Life and Death of Jason|The Life and Death of Jason]]''
*[[1888]]: ''[[The House of the Wolfings]]''
*[[1889]]: ''[[The Roots of the Mountains]]''
*[[1896]]: ''[[The Well at the World's End]]''

===Translations===
*1870: [[List of books in Tolkien's library#Völsunga Saga|''Völsung Saga: The Story of the Volsungs and Niblungs, with Certain Songs from the Elder Edda'']] (with Eiríkr Magnússon)

==External links==
*{{WP|William Morris}}
*[http://www.crisismagazine.com/2013/william-morris-as-inspiration-for-tolkiens-literary-art William Morris as Inspiration for Tolkien’s Literary Art] by Tom Riley

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Morris, William}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:People by name]]

[[de: William Morris]]

Eofor

2023-11-08T09:54:43Z

Nienna1954: added links to de, fi, fr articles

{{rohirrim infobox
| name=Eofor
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Rohan]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Rohanese]] and [[Westron]]
| birth=After {{TA|2544}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Eorl]]
| parentage=[[Brego]]
| siblings=[[Baldor]] and [[Aldor]]
| spouse=
| children=Unknown; ancestor of [[Éomund]]<ref name=Isen>{{UT|11b}}, footnote relating to Aldburg</ref>
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Eofor''' was a prince of [[Rohan]].

==History==
Eofor was the third son of king [[Brego]]. His older brothers were [[Baldor]] and King [[Aldor]]. He lived in the town of [[Aldburg]].<ref name=Isen></ref> [[Éomund]] was his descendant<ref>{{UT|Isen}}, p. 367.</ref>

==Etymology==
The name ''Eofor'' is likely to have been borrowed from the [[Old English]] word ''[[Wiktionary:eofor|eofor]]'' (meaning "boar").<ref>{{webcite|website=[http://www.bosworthtoller.com/ Bosworth-Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]|articleurl=http://www.bosworthtoller.com/009469|articlename=EOFOR|accessed=2 November 2016}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | EOR | | | | |EOR=[[Eorl]] ''{{TA|2485|n}} - {{TA|2545|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | BRE | | | | |BRE=[[Brego]] ''{{TA|2512|n}} - {{TA|2570|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | BAL | | ALD | | EOF |BAL=[[Baldor]] ''d. {{TA|2570|n}}''†|ALD=[[Aldor]] ''{{TA|2544|n}} - {{TA|2645|n}}''|EOF='''EOFOR''' ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | DAU | | FRE | | |:| |DAU=''three daughters'' ''unknown''|FRE=[[Fréa]] ''{{TA|2570|n}} - {{TA|2659|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |:| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | FRE | | |:| |FRE=[[Fréawine]] ''{{TA|2594|n}} - {{TA|2680|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | EOM |EOM=[[Éomund]] ''d. {{TA|3002|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | EOM |EOM=[[Éomer]] ''{{TA|2991|n}} - {{FoA|63}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Rohirrim]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de: Éofor]]
[[fi: Eofor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/hommes_du_nord/rohirrim/eofor]]

Ranuin

2023-11-08T09:25:25Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

'''Ranuin''' was an [[Ainur|Ainu]] representing Month, who visited Valinor together with his brothers. He made for [[Manwë]] an invisible rope that bound the Moon.<ref>{{LT1|IX}}, p. 219</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | ALU | | | | | |ALU=[[Aluin]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree| FAN | | RAN | | DAN | |FAN=[[Fanuin]]|RAN='''RANUIN'''|DAN=[[Danuin]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
[[Category:Ainur]]
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Gnomish names]]

[[de:Ranuin]]

Nightfall in Middle-Earth

2023-11-08T09:23:10Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

[[File:Blind guardian nightfall cover.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Nightfall in Middle-earth cover]]
'''''Nightfall in Middle-Earth''''' is an album by [[Blind Guardian]] that was released in [[1998]].

The album is a concept album based on the [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] book ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. Many of the tracks from the album are not complete songs, but are merely narratives to further the story. Blind Guardian owes many of its lyrics to Tolkien's work, but this album is exclusively dedicated to ''The Silmarillion''. The lyrics range from the quest for the [[Silmarils]] until the dawn of the [[Third Age]].

"Nightfall in Middle-Earth" was the first album Blind Guardian released in the United States. The result was so positive that Century Media started to release old Blind Guardian hits in the U.S. (records such as "Follow the Blind" and "Battalions of Fear").{{fact}}

The track "Mirror Mirror" is included in ''Blind DVD: Imaginations Through The Looking Glass''. This DVD was rated by many different music-specialized sites as "a masterpiece".{{fact}}

== Lineup ==
*Vocals: [[Hansi Kürsch]]
*Lead Guitar: André Olbrich
*Rhythm Guitar: Marcus Siepen
*Drums: Thomas "Thomen" Stauch

== Guests ==
*Bass : Oliver Holzwarth
*Keyboards : Mathias Weisner
*Piano : Michael Schuren
*Flute : Max Zelner
*Narrations : Norman Eshley, Douglas Fielding

==Track listing==
#[[War of Wrath (song)|War of Wrath]] ''1:50''
#[[Into the Storm]] ''4:24''
#Lammoth ''0:28''
#[[Nightfall]] ''5:34''
#The Minstrel ''0:32''
#[[The Curse of Fëanor]] ''5:41''
#Captured ''0:26''
#Blood Tears ''5:23''
#Mirror Mirror ''5:07''
#Face the Truth ''0:24''
#[[Noldor (Dead Winter Reigns)]] ''6:51''
#Battle of Sudden Flame ''0:44''
#[[Time Stands Still (at the Iron Hill)]] ''4:53''
#The Dark Elf ''0:23''
#Thorn ''6:18''
#[[The Eldar]] ''3:39''
#Nom the Wise ''0:33''
#When Sorrow Sang ''4:25''
#Out on the Water ''0:44''
#The Steadfast''0:21''
#A Dark Passage ''6:01''
#Final Chapter (Thus Ends...) ''0:48''
*Bonus Tracks
#Nightfall (Orchestral Version)
#A Dark Passage (Orchestral Version)
#The Tides of War

==Thematic references==
#In "War of Wrath", [[Sauron]] advises his master [[Morgoth]] to flee the triumphant [[Valar]] in the [[War of Wrath]]. Morgoth sends him away and reflects on the events leading up to his defeat.
#In "Into the Storm", Morgoth and [[Ungoliant]], fleeing from [[Valinor]] after having destroyed the [[Two Trees]], struggle for the possession of the [[Silmarils]].
#"Lammoth" is the scream of Morgoth after being attacked by Ungoliant in [[Lammoth]].
#In "Nightfall", [[Fëanor]] and his [[Sons of Fëanor|Seven Sons]] mourn the destruction wrought by Morgoth, including the slaying of [[Finwë]], Fëanor's father, and swear to get revenge on him, in spite to the Valar's disapproval.
#"The Minstrel" is most likely about [[Maglor]], son of Fëanor, who composed the song "[[Noldolantë]]".
#In "The Curse of Fëanor", Fëanor expresses his wrath and anger and relates the misdeeds he commits, especially the [[First Kinslaying|Kinslaying]], in pursuit of Morgoth.
#In "Captured", Morgoth addresses the captive [[Maedhros]], Fëanor's son, and chains him to the [[Thangorodrim]] mountains.
#In "Blood Tears", Maedhros relates the horrors of his captivity and his deliverance by [[Fingon]].
#"Mirror Mirror" recounts how [[Turgon]], in view of inevitable defeat, builds the city of [[Gondolin]], aided by [[Ulmo]] ("The Lord of Water").
#In "Face the Truth", [[Fingolfin]] reflects about the destiny of the [[Noldor]].
#In "Noldor (Dead Winter Reigns)", Mandos issues the [[Doom of Mandos]] after the [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|Kinslaying]] at [[Alqualondë]], and Fingolfin recounts his Noldor army's passage from the icy waste of [[Helcaraxë]] and the [[Prophecy of the North]] about the Noldor's fate; he reflects on his own and his people's guilt and foreshadows their ultimate defeat.
#"The Battle of Sudden Flame" talks about the [[Dagor Bragollach]], in which Morgoth breaks the [[Siege of Angband]] using his [[Balrogs]] and dragons.
#"Time Stands Still (At the Iron Hill)" is about Fingolfin riding to the gates of [[Angband]] to challenge Morgoth to a duel. Fingolfin wounds Morgoth seven times but is eventually killed.
#"The Dark Elf" refers to [[Eöl]] who seduced [[aredhel|Turgon's sister]] and fathered [[Maeglin]], who would eventually betray Gondolin.
#In "Thorn", Maeglin reflects on his situation and decides to betray Gondolin to Morgoth.
#"The Eldar" is Elvenking [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]]'s farewell to his people, dying from wounds received in saving his human friend [[Beren]] from a [[werewolf]].
#In "Nom the Wise", Beren mourns his friend Finrod. ''Nóm'' means "wise" and was the name given to Finrod by Beren's forefather [[Bëor]].
#In "When Sorrow Sang", Beren sings about his love to the Elven princess [[Lúthien]] and his death at the teeth of Morgoth's wolf [[Carcharoth]].
#"Out on the Water" refers to the last dwelling-place of Beren and Lúthien.
#In "The Steadfast", Morgoth curses his captive [[Húrin]] who steadfastly refused to reveal the secret location of Gondolin.
#In "A Dark Passage", Morgoth ponders his triumph in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. The song also relates the origins of the kindred of men and Morgoth's curse on Húrin to be witness to his children's tragic fate.
#"Final Chapter (Thus ends ...)" concludes the album, speaking of Morgoth's victory by the "treachery of man" but also of the [[Estel (philosophical concept)|hope]] for a new day.
#"[[Harvest of Sorrow]]" is the bonus track on the remastered version of the album. [[Túrin]] mourns the loss of his sister [[Niënor]].
#"The Tides of War" is about the burning of the swan ships at [[Losgar]] sung from the perspective of Feanor and Fingolfin.

{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Albums]]
[[de: Nightfall in Middle-Earth]]

Jane Neave

2023-11-08T09:11:44Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

{{stub}}
[[File:Jane Suffield3.jpg|thumb|225px]]
'''Emily Jane Neave (''née'' Suffield)''' ([[June]] [[1872]] - [[22 February]] [[1963]]<ref>[[Andrew H. Morton]], John Hayes, ''[[Tolkien's Gedling]]'', p. 24</ref>) was [[Mabel Tolkien]]'s sister, and thus one of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s aunts.

Jane Neave worked as a schoolteacher, and the young J.R.R. Tolkien on occasion stayed with his aunt and her husband Edvin Neave while [[Mabel Tolkien]] was hospitalized.<ref>{{CG|RG}}, pp. 637-8</ref>Jane Neave's farm was called Bag End by the locals in Dormston, Worcestershire.<ref>{{HM|N}}</ref>

Because of a suggestion from Jane Neave, J.R.R. Tolkien published the book ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]'' in [[1962]].<ref>[[Tom Shippey]], "Introduction", in ''[[Tales from the Perilous Realm]]'' ([[J.R.R. Tolkien]]; HarperCollins 2008), p. xix</ref>

==See Also==
*[[Letter to Jane Neave (22 September 1937)]]
*[[Letter to Jane Neave (15 November 1961)]]
*[[Lamb's Farm, Gedling]]

==External links==
*[http://www.search.connectinghistories.org.uk/engine/resource/exhibition/sequential/default.asp?theme=133&originator=/engine/theme/default.asp&page=&records=&direction=&pointer=9&text=0&resource=1150 Jane Suffield part 1] by Maggie Burns
*[http://www.search.connectinghistories.org.uk/engine/resource/exhibition/sequential/child.asp?txtKeywords=&lstContext=&lstResourceType=&lstExhibitionType=&chkPurchaseVisible=&txtDateFrom=&txtDateTo=&x1=&y1=&x2=&y2=&scale=&theme=133&album=&resource=1150&viewpage=%2Fengine%2Fresource%2Fexhibition%2Fsequential%2Fdefault%2Easp&originator=%2Fengine%2Ftheme%2Fdefault%2Easp&page=&records=&direction=&pointer=9&text=0&exhibition=750 Jane Suffield part 2] by Maggie Burns
*[http://www.search.connectinghistories.org.uk/engine/resource/exhibition/sequential/child.asp?txtKeywords=&lstContext=&lstResourceType=&lstExhibitionType=&chkPurchaseVisible=&txtDateFrom=&txtDateTo=&x1=&y1=&x2=&y2=&scale=&theme=133&album=&viewpage=%2Fengine%2Fresource%2Fexhibition%2Fsequential%2Fchild%2Easp&originator=%2Fengine%2Ftheme%2Fdefault%2Easp&page=&records=&direction=&pointer=9&text=0&resource=1150&exhibition=751 Jane Suffield part 3] by Maggie Burns
*[http://www.search.connectinghistories.org.uk/engine/resource/exhibition/sequential/child.asp?txtKeywords=&lstContext=&lstResourceType=&lstExhibitionType=&chkPurchaseVisible=&txtDateFrom=&txtDateTo=&x1=&y1=&x2=&y2=&scale=&theme=133&album=&viewpage=%2Fengine%2Fresource%2Fexhibition%2Fsequential%2Fchild%2Easp&originator=%2Fengine%2Ftheme%2Fdefault%2Easp&page=&records=&direction=&pointer=9&text=0&resource=1150&exhibition=752 Jane Suffield part 4] by Maggie Burns

{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Neave, Jane}}
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Letter receivers]]
[[Category:People by name]]
[[Category:Tolkien Family]]

[[de: Jane Neave]]

Elemmakil

2023-10-30T11:12:05Z

Nienna1954: linked German article

{{noldor infobox
| name=Elemmakil
| image=[[File:Natalie Chen - Elemmakil.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Elemmakil" by [[:Category:Images by Natalie Chen|Natalie Chen]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Captain of the [[Dark Guard|Guard]] of the [[Gate of Wood]]
| location=[[Gate of Wood]], [[Gate of Stone]], [[Gate of Bronze]], [[Gate of Writhen Iron]], [[Gate of Silver]], [[Gate of Gold]], and the [[Gate of Steel]]
| affiliation=[[Dark Guard]]
| language=[[Quenya]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Mail-clad
| weapons=Sword
| steed=
}}

'''Elemmakil''' ([[Quenya|Q.]] ''Star Sword'') was one of the [[Noldor]] and was the captain of the [[Dark Guard]] stationed at the [[Gate of Wood]].<ref name=SilmMaeglin>{{S|Maeglin}}</ref>

== History ==
When [[Tuor]] and [[Voronwë]] appeared, Elemmakil was amazed that his friend Voronwë would bring a mortal man with him. He announced that he should, by law, slay him. Voronwë and Tuor answered that they came at the command of [[Ulmo]]. Elemmakil then guided the two through the [[Seven Gates of Gondolin|Seven Gates]] of the [[Orfalch Echor]], until he delivered them unto [[Ecthelion|Ecthelion of the Fountain]], then serving as the [[Warden of the Great Gate]].<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}, pp. 45-50</ref>

== Etymology ==
''Elemmakil'' is [[Quenya]] for "Star Sword", from the elements ''[[Elen]]'' ("star") + ''[[Macil]]'' ("sword, forged sword blade, cutting sword").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-298149495.html|articlename=Q. ''Elemmacil'' m.|website=[[Eldamo]]|accessed=}}</ref>

{{references}}

{{gondolin}}

[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de: Elemmakil]]

Glamdring

2023-10-27T20:36:58Z

Nienna1954: added link to French article

{{object infobox
| name=Glamdring
| image=[[File:John Howe - Gandalf the White 01.JPG|250px]]
| caption="Gandalf the White" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Beater, Foe-hammer
| location=[[Gondolin]], various
| owner=[[Turgon]], [[Gandalf]]
| type=Sword
| appearance="beautiful scabbards and jewelled hilts"<ref name="mutton"/>
| creator=
| created= Between c. {{FA|116}} - {{FA|496}}<ref name="shortrest">{{H|3}}</ref><ref name="ut1">{{UT|1}}, note 31 (in the source it is not directly identified as Glamdring) </ref>
| createdlocation=[[Gondolin]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=Weapon of [[Gandalf]] during the [[War of the Ring]]
}}
<center>{{quote|This, Gandalf, was Glamdring, Foe-hammer that the king of Gondolin once wore.|[[Elrond]] in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[A Short Rest]]"}}</center>

'''Glamdring''' was a sword, said to have belonged to [[Turgon]], but best known as the weapon of [[Gandalf]] during the [[War of the Ring]]. It was known in Westron as the '''Foe-hammer''', and Orcs knew it as '''Beater'''.

==History==
===Beater===
Glamdring was originally borne by Turgon, the King of [[Gondolin]].<ref name="shortrest">{{H|3}}</ref> He must have wielded it with strength during the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] or the [[Fall of Gondolin]], for the [[Orcs]] named it "Beater", and fled before it. Even up until the late [[Third Age]], [[orcs of the Misty Mountains]] knew of this legendary sword,<ref name="overhill">{{H|4}}</ref> so it must have done some damage.

The name most likely originated in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], where it is said that Turgon "hewed his way to the side of [[Fingon|his brother]]".<ref>{{S|20}}</ref> No other tales mention the actions of the sword, and it is unknown what happened to it during the Fall of Gondolin. Turgon perished as the [[Tower of the King]] fell on top of him,<ref>{{S|23}}</ref> but of the fate of Glamdring nothing is told.

===Survival===
The sword survived roughly 6500 years from the Fall of Gondolin in {{FA|510}} to its eventual rediscovery in {{TA|2941}}. In that period, it travelled from Gondolin far to the east. Much mystery surrounds this feat, but [[Elrond]] reasoned that Glamdring, along with [[Orcrist]] and [[Sting]], was plundered again and again, or carried off to the [[Misty Mountains]] soon after the Fall of Gondolin.<ref name="shortrest"/> Thus, after surviving the deluge of [[Beleriand]] in the [[War of Wrath]], it ended up in a [[Troll's cave]] in the [[Trollshaws]] of [[Eriador]].

===At Gandalf's side===
In May {{TA|2941}}, [[Gandalf]], [[Bilbo Baggins]] and [[Thorin and Company|a group of dwarves]] encountered three trolls in the Trollshaws - [[William]], [[Bert]] and [[Tom]]. The Trolls captured Bilbo and the Dwarves, but Gandalf destroyed them by exposing them to sunlight. Glamdring, along with [[Orcrist]] and [[Sting]], were found in their cave nearby.<ref name="mutton">{{H|2}}</ref> Gandalf claimed the weapon as his own, amazed by its appearance and inscription. The inscription was set in a script of [[runes]] Gandalf [[Gondolinic Runes|did not know]]; he needed the knowledge of Elrond for that. Elrond translated the runes and called it by its Mannish name: "Foe-hammer".<ref name="shortrest"/>
[[File:Donato Giancola - You Cannot Pass.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Gandalf wielding Glamdring, by [[Donato Giancola]].]]
Gandalf would use the sword well; its first victim was the [[Great Goblin]]. Other Orcs fled as they recognized the sword as "Beater". This would have meant that either some Orcs were at the [[Fall of Gondolin]] (which is unlikely, given the short lifespan of Orcs{{Citation needed}}), or that they had legends about two glowing swords - Beater and [[Orcrist|Biter]].<ref name="overhill"/> Whether Gandalf used the sword again during the [[The Hobbit|Quest for Erebor]] is uncertain, though it is likely that he wielded it in the [[Battle of Five Armies]].

Gandalf bore Glamdring at his side when the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] left [[Rivendell]] in {{TA|3018}}.<ref>{{FR|II3}}</ref> He used the blade during the [[Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul]], and a short time thereafter in the standoff with [[Durin's Bane|the Balrog]], during which battle his staff was destroyed.<ref>{{FR|II5}}</ref> After the collapse of the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm|bridge]], Gandalf and the Balrog fought on to the [[Endless Stair]] and [[Durin's Tower]], with Glamdring being the only weapon known to be in Gandalf's possession.<ref>{{TT|III5}}</ref>

Gandalf's body perished there but he was sent back because his task was not yet complete. He had Glamdring with him when he met the [[Three Hunters]]; he gave it to [[Háma]] at [[Edoras]] when asked to surrender it.<ref>{{TT|III6}}</ref> Gandalf would continue to bear it throughout the [[War of the Ring]], and carried it at his side when he, [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] arrived at [[the Prancing Pony]] in [[Bree]]. Gandalf and the Hobbits had seen so much war at the time that wearing a weapon did not seem odd.<ref>{{RK|VI7}}</ref>

===Fate===
On [[29 September]], {{TA|3021}},<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> Gandalf left [[Middle-earth]] and sailed into the West.<ref>{{RK|VI9}}</ref> Whether he took Glamdring with him is never mentioned, and is open to debate. It can be argued that he brought it over the Sea, as he did with [[Shadowfax]],<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 268]] (dated [[19 January|January 19]], [[1965]])</ref> or that it was left behind in Middle-earth, weapons not being needed in the Undying Lands.

==Appearance==
Glamdring and Orcrist are described as having "beautiful scabbards and jewelled hilts".<ref name="mutton"/> They would glow blue in the presence of Orcs. The "sword of Turgon" was "a white and gold sword in a ruel-bone (ivory) sheath".<ref name="ut1"></ref>

[[File:Audrey Corman - Glamdring.jpg|thumb|right|''Glamdring'' by Audrey Corman]]
When he took the sword, Gandalf said he could not read [[Gondolinic Runes|the runes]]. Elrond did, however, as he was a savant of all kinds of [[cirth|runes]].

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Glamdring.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Glamdring'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Foe-hammer".<ref name="shortrest"/> It is formed from the elements: ''[[Glamhoth|glam]]'', literally "shouting, confused noise", but used for any body of [[Orcs]];<ref>{{WJ|AC}}, p. 391</ref> and ''dring'' ("beat, strike").<ref name="etym">{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "DRING"</ref>

The sword was also given the crude name '''Beater''' by the Orcs.<ref name="overhill"/>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In 1960, Tolkien began a complete rewrite of the Hobbit adding the fact that Glamdring was covered in dark blood when Gandalf found it, explaining why the runes were unreadable until cleaned by Elrond.<ref>{{HM|RB}}, page 799</ref>

It is not explained in the published ''Hobbit'' why Gandalf could not read the runes. A fitting explanation would be the "[[Gondolinic Runes]]", devised by Tolkien in either 1924 or 1930. This set of Runes was first published in 1992.<ref>First published in ''[[Mythlore]]'' 69, pages 20-25 (edited by [[Paul Nolan Hyde]]), analysed in issue 70, pages 23-24 (by [[Carl F. Hostetter]]). See also [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Gondolinic Runes", in ''[[Parma Eldalamberon 15]]'' (edited by [[Christopher Gilson]]), page 111-113 </ref>.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - poster.jpg|thumb|Glamdring in a promotional image for [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]].]]
===Films===
'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:Gandalf acquires Glamdring in the trolls' cave. Elrond recognizes the sword at first glance; perhaps he simply deduces the fact that it was Glamdring because he had identified its mate Orcrist just before. After leaving [[Rivendell]], Gandalf notably uses the sword only when rescuing Bilbo and the Dwarves from Goblin-town.

'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:On promotional art, Glamdring is portrayed as an ordinary longsword, with no inscription visible. In the movie itself, it goes unnamed, and is considerably shorter, only a one-handed sword. Oddly it is broken along with the Balrog's sword, but reappears intact in later scenes. <ref>[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]], "Gandalf Triumphant'</ref>

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:Gandalf does not use a sword, only his staff.

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Glamdring is a name given to the sword of Gandalf in the film's promotional materials, but it is not named in the films. The sword is, according to most replicas, 47 inches (approximately 120 centimeters) long<ref>''[[The Noble Collection]]'' Glamdring, [http://www.weaponmasters.com/shopping/Glamdring-The-Sword-of-Gandalf-p-16913.html Weaponmasters.com]</ref>, and does not glow blue. When asked, [[Peter Jackson]] and [[Philippa Boyens]] reacted jokingly that is was due to "budgetary cuts", and they had "not enough blue left".<ref>[[Peter Jackson]], [[Philippa Boyens]], [[Fran Walsh]] (eds.), [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (extended edition)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (extended edition)]], "[[A Journey in the Dark (scene)|A Journey in the Dark]]", Director Commentary</ref>

:In the films, Glamdring is depicted as a longsword-type weapon. It has a straight, double-edged blade with a very short ricasso right above the crossguard. The crossguard's prongs flare upwards, and the center of the guard houses a decorative blue gem. The sword's grip is wrapped in blue, and the pommel is elongated, broadening at the bottom. The rune inscription is engraved in the cross-guard, and adds power to the sword. With this extra power Gandalf was able to defeat [[Durin's Bane]].<ref name="lotrwaw">[[Chris Smith]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare]]'', page 68-69</ref> The actual inscription reads as thus:
::"''Turgon [[aran]] Gondolin tortha gar a matha i vegil Glamdring gûd daedheloth, dam an [[Glamhoth]]''".
:This is [[Sindarin]], and translates to "Turgon, king of Gondolin, wields, has, and holds the sword Glamdring, Foe of Morgoth's realm, Hammer of the Orcs".<ref name="lotrwaw"/>

'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''
:Thorin finds several swords in the troll hoards and gives one to Gandalf. In Rivendell, Elrond identifies it as Glamdring, and in Goblin-town, the Great Goblin recognizes it as Beater. It has the same design as Glamdring in ''The Lord of the Rings'' films.

===Radio series===
'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''
:Glamdring is found in the cave of the trolls, and later named by Elrond. Gandalf himself recounts how it was once borne by the King of Gondolin.<ref>[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]], "Out of the Frying-Pan into the Fire"</ref>

'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:Glamdring is not named, and the presence of a sword is mentioned only once: when Gandalf has to surrender it to [[Háma]].<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]], "The King of the Golden Hall"</ref>

===Games===
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Glamdring is an Elven longsword. It glows with pale light when enemies are near.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]], Manual, page 9</ref>

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:As this game focuses on Bilbo rather than the entire group, Glamdring is never named, and only appears once when Gandalf and the player (as Bilbo) have to wield off several goblins in the Misty Mountains.<ref>[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]], "Over Hill and Under Hill"</ref> An alternative survival theory is also given: the caves in the Trollshaws were - according to [[Glóin]] - dug by the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] during his reign in the region.<ref>[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]], "Troll-hole"</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Swords]]
{{weapons}}
[[de:Glamdring]]
[[fi:Glamdring]]
[[fr: Glamdring]]

Eket

2023-10-27T20:31:28Z

Nienna1954: added link to French article

The '''eket''' was a short stabbing sword wielded by the [[Númenóreans]]. It was described as ''"a short stabbing sword with a broad blade, pointed and two-edged, from a foot to one and a half feet long."''<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}, note 28</ref> It also can be assumed that it was longer at times and similar in appearance to [[Daggers of Westernesse|Barrow-blades]].{{Fact}}

[[Isildur]] carried one on his way to [[Arnor]]. While escaping the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], he retained the eket after discarding the rest of his war gear to swim across [[Anduin]].

== Inspiration ==
The sword's description is similar in many ways to the ''[[Wikipedia:Gladius|Gladius]]'' carried by Roman legionnaires. It also is similar to some European long daggers.

{{references}}

[[Category:Swords]]

[[fi:Eket]]
[[fr: Eket]]

Stone of Erech

2023-10-27T10:54:07Z

Nienna1954: added links to Finnish, French and German article

__NOTOC__
{{object infobox
| name=Stone of Erech
| image=[[File:Abe Papakhian - Oathbreakers, Why Have Ye Come.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Oathbreakers, Why Have Ye Come?" by [[Abe Papakhian]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Black Stone
| location=Upon the [[Hill of Erech]] in northern [[Lamedon]]
| owner=[[Isildur]]
| type=Tryst-stone
| appearance=Great black spherical stone
| creator=
| created=
| createdlocation=
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}

The '''Stone of Erech''' or the '''Black Stone'''<ref>{{RK|Debate}}, pp. 874, 876</ref> was a great black stone shaped like a globe, which was as high as a man, although its lower half was buried in the ground at the top of the [[Hill of Erech]].<ref name=Company>{{RK|Company}}, p. 789</ref>

== History ==
According to the lore of [[Númenor]] it had been brought out of the ruin of Númenor and had been set at the Hill of Erech by [[Isildur]] at his landing<ref name=Company/> as a symbol of his overlordship and a place of meeting<ref>{{HM|RC}}, 1996 Index, "a tryst-stone (symbol of Isildur's overlordship)", p. 530</ref> for the establishment of a covenant<ref>{{L|297}}, "Isildur set the covenant-stone"</ref> between the [[Men of the Mountains]] and the realm of [[Gondor]].<ref name=Oath>{{RK|Company}}, p. 782</ref> It is possible that the Stone of Erech was one of the heirlooms or many things "of beauty and power" or "of virtue and wonder" that the Númenoreans had created in the days of their wisdom that [[Elendil]], the father of Isildur, had loaded onto ships that were anchored off the east coast of Númenor for a possible evacuation of the [[Faithful]] from Númenor.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> Near the end of the [[Second Age]], in the beginning of the realm of Gondor the [[King of the Dead|King of the Mountains]] swore allegiance to Isildur at the stone. After [[Sauron]] had returned and become powerful Isildur summoned the Men of the Mountains to fulfill their oath to fight with Gondor in the upcoming [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|war]] with Sauron. However, they refused, because they had worshipped Sauron during the [[Dark Years]]. As a consequence, Isildur cursed the King of the Mountains and his [[Oathbreakers|people]] to find no rest until their oath was fulfilled and said to the king that he would be the last king of his people. The Men of the Mountains fled and hid in secret locations in the mountains, did not have contact with other people and slowly dwindled. After their death their spirits found no rest and spread terror near the Hill of Erech and all places where they had lived.<ref name=Oath/>

The dead spirits of the Men of the Mountains haunted the [[Paths of the Dead|caverns]] beneath the [[Dwimorberg]] and their [[wraiths]] appeared in the valley of [[Harrowdale]] that lay in the mountain's shadow in times of trouble and coming death and caused the local people to lock themselves in their houses in fear.<ref>{{RK|Muster}}, p. 797</ref> They believed that the Stone had fallen from the sky.<ref name="Grey">{{RK|V2}}</ref> The wraiths of the dead also filled the population near the Hill of Erech with fear, who knew that the host of the wraiths was led by the [[King of the Dead]].<ref name=Company/>

In the time of King [[Arvedui]] of [[Arthedain]] a prophecy was made regarding the arising of the dead during the [[War of the Ring]]. In this prophecy the Stone of Erech was mentioned:<ref name=Prophecy>{{RK|Company}}, p. 781</ref>

{{blockquote|The Dead awaken; for the hour is come for the oathbreakers: at the Stone of Erech they shall stand again and hear there a horn in the hills ringing.|[[Malbeth]] the Seer}}

When the [[Grey Company]] came to [[Rohan]] the sons of [[Elrond]] brought with them a reminder of these words from their father to [[Aragorn]], who acted upon these words to brave the Paths of the Dead.<ref name=Prophecy/>

During the [[War of the Ring]], on 8 March {{TA|3019}}<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 8, p. 1093</ref> Isildur's Heir, [[Aragorn]] passed through the Paths of the Dead with the [[Grey Company]] and commanded the Dead who lingered there to let them pass and to come to the Stone of Erech. The Dead followed him through the Paths of the Dead and the [[Blackroot Vale]] south of the White Mountains to the Stone of Erech. There Aragorn commanded the Oathbreakers to follow him to [[Pelargir]] and announced that he would hold the oath fulfilled when all the servants of Sauron have been removed from this land.<ref>{{RK|Company}}, pp. 787-9</ref> The Dead fulfilled their oath and drove away the allies of Sauron through fear at the fords over the river [[Gilrain]] at [[Linhir]] on 11 March<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 11, p. 1093</ref> and at [[Pelargir]] on 13 March.<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 13, p. 1093</ref> In return for their aid, at the shore of the river [[Anduin]] at Pelargir, Aragorn held their oath as fulfilled, commanded them to never again trouble the valleys, to depart and to be at rest.<ref>{{RK|Debate}}, pp. 874-6</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name ''Erech'', like many names in Gondor, is of forgotten [[Mannish]] [[pre-Númenórean]] origin.<ref>{{App|Men}}, p. 1129</ref>

== Other versions of the legendarium ==
In early manuscripts the Stone of Erech seems to be a [[Palantíri|Palantír]], because Aragorn says that that there are other Stones in this ancient land and that one is at Erech after he had looked into the Stone (i.e. the Palantír) of Orthanc.<ref>{{WR|3|IV}}, pp. 300-2, 304, 309 (note 10)</ref> In later manuscripts, a ring-wall existed around the Stone of Erech and a tower with a Palantír stood next to it.<ref>{{WR|3|XII}}, pp. 397, 410</ref> The last of these later manuscripts mentions that the Stone of Erech was brought from Númenor before its fall when its ships came to the western coasts of Middle-earth.<ref>{{WR|3|XII}}, p. 410</ref>

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
'''2010: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Erech.jpg|thumb|right|The Stone of Erech in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
:The Stone of Erech is named '''Orossar''' and is reimagined as one of the seven ''Vandassari'' (''Oath-stones'' in [[Quenya]]) brought from Númenor. They are the "seven stones" from the rhyme spoken by [[Gandalf]], while the [[Palantíri]] are revealed to be the "seven stars". The stones had in them the power that made the oaths sworn in their presence more potent, and thus they were divided much like the palantíri (three to [[Arnor]] and four to [[Gondor]]) to make pacts friendship with the non-[[Dúnedain]] peoples of [[Middle-earth]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Monuments]]
[[Category:Gondor]]

[[de: Stein von Erech]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/pierre_d_erech]]
[[fi:Erechin kivi]]

Phial of Galadriel

2023-10-27T09:58:58Z

Nienna1954: added link to German and French article

__NOTOC__
[[File:John Howe - The Phial of Galadriel.jpg|thumb|''The Phial of Galadriel'' by [[John Howe]]]]
{{quote|And you, Ring-bearer,' she said, turning to Frodo. 'I come to you last who are not last in my thoughts. For you I have prepared this.' She held up a small crystal phial: it glittered as she moved it, and rays of white light sprang from her hand. 'In this phial,' she said, 'is caught the light of [[Eärendil's star]], set amid the waters of my fountain. It will shine still brighter when night is about you. May it be a light to you in dark places, when all other lights go out.|''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Farewell to Lórien]]"}}
The '''Phial of Galadriel''', or '''star-glass''' or '''Lady's glass''', was the [[Gifts of Galadriel|gift]] that [[Galadriel]] bestowed to [[Frodo Baggins]].

==History==
[[File:Tim Kirk - Galadriel.jpg|thumb|left|''Galadriel'' by [[Tim Kirk]]]]
Galadriel gave Frodo this gift upon the Fellowship's departure from [[Lothlórien]].<ref name="Farewell">{{FR|Farewell}}, p. 376</ref> It would stay among his possessions unused until reaching the edge of [[Mordor]].

Soon after the [[Breaking of the Fellowship]], the night fell upon the [[Three Hunters]], so [[Gimli]] wished that the Lady had given to them a light like Frodo's, but [[Aragorn]] remarked that Frodo would need it more.<ref>{{TT|Riders}}, p. 426</ref>

As Frodo, [[Samwise Gamgee]] and [[Gollum]] approached the [[Stairs of Cirith Ungol]], Frodo saw a great mass of cavalrymen led by the [[Witch-king|Lord of the Nazgûl]]. When the Witch-king stopped, Frodo feared they had been spotted; against his will, Frodo moves his hand towards the [[The One Ring|ring]]. Instead, he touched the phial - which he had forgotten - and the Witch-king continued on his way. The next morning, he made use of the phial again while leaving [[Minas Morgul]] behind.<ref name=Stairs>{{TT|Stairs}}</ref>{{rp|706-708}}

Frodo used the phial to fend off the attacks of [[Shelob]], but he was eventually poisoned by her.<ref name=Lair>{{TT|Lair}}, p. 720-722, 725</ref> Sam could defeat the spider thanks to the Phial, and escaped her [[Shelob's Lair|lair]] after taking the star-glass with him, excusing himself to Frodo's body.<ref>{{TT|IV10}}, pp. 729-731</ref> Sam and Frodo later used it to overcome the will of the [[Two Watchers]] at the [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]].<ref>{{RK|Tower}}, pp. 902, 915</ref> Sam also attempted to use the light in the [[Cracks of Doom|Crack of Doom]], but the light from the glass faded because they were in the heart of [[Sauron]]'s domain.<ref>{{RK|Doom}}, p. 945</ref>

Upon Frodo's departure from [[Middle-earth]], the light from the phial faded as it reached the shores of [[Eldamar]].<ref>{{RK|Havens}}, p. 1030</ref>

===Relation with Eärendil===
Galadriel explained that her phial contained the [[light]] of the [[Star of Eärendil]] as reflected in her [[Mirror of Galadriel|Mirror]].<ref name="Farewell"/> As Sam remembered to Frodo, the light of this star was the same [[Silmaril]] recovered by [[Beren]], now hold by [[Eärendil]]. This made them part of the great tales of the past.<ref name=Stairs/>{{rp|712}}

Thus, when [[Gollum]] led Frodo and Sam into Shelob's Lair, Frodo exclaimed in [[Quenya]], "''[[Aiya Eärendil elenion ancalima!]]''",<ref name=Lair/> translating as "Hail Eärendil, brightest of stars!".

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Films===
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''
:The Phial is absent as Galadriel does not give any gifts to the Fellowship.

'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''
:The Phial is found by Sam in Frodo's cloak and is used to pass the Watchers' barrier in Cirith Ungol. Its origins are never touched on in the film. Frodo identifies it as the Phial of Galadriel, but refuses to say anymore about where he acquired it.

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:The Phial is given to Frodo by Galadriel in the first film. It reappears in ''Return of the King'', used by Frodo to ward off Shelob although he drops it in his escape. It is retrieved by Sam and wielded in his battle against Shelob.

'''2014: [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|''The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]:'''
:When the [[White Council]] arrives to rescue [[Gandalf]], Galadriel use the phial to cast Sauron out of [[Dol Guldur]], rebuking him as a "servant of [[Melkor|Morgoth]]" without name, face, or form.

{{references}}
{{Giftsofgaladriel}}
[[Category:Gifts of Galadriel]]

[[de: Galadriels Phiole]]
[[fr: Fiole de Galadriel]]

Talking purse

2023-10-27T09:55:48Z

Nienna1954: added link to German and French article

{{unnamed}}
{{object infobox
| name=Talking purse
| image=[[File:The Hobbit (2003) Wallet.png|250px]]
| caption=The "Wallet" in ''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=[[Trollshaws]]
| owner=[[William]]
| type=Trolls' purse
| appearance=It is said to have been huge and "as big as a bag to Bilbo".<ref name=H2/>
| creator=
| created=
| createdlocation=
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=Catching Bilbo in the act of pickpocketing it.
}}

<center>{{Quote|'Ere, 'oo are you?|Talking purse to Bilbo in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[Roast Mutton]]"<ref group=note>Unless one interprets the talking purse's words as fantastical elaboration by Bilbo, there exists only one other item in the [[legendarium]] which shows an ability to speak: [[Gurthang]], the bloodthirsty sword of [[Túrin]].</ref>}}</center>

The '''talking purse''' was the purse of the [[Trolls|troll]] [[William]].

== History ==
When [[Bilbo Baggins]] tried to pick the trolls' purse from William's pocket, the purse squeaked, alerting William of the attempted burglary and captured Bilbo.<ref name=H2>{{H|2}}</ref>

== Background ==
[[Tolkien fandom|Fans]] have suggested that the purse was perhaps not made by trolls, but that it was stolen and was of [[Dwarves|dwarvish]] or [[Elves|elvish]] origin due to it having the ability to speak.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/archives/index.php?Archive=archive&TID=141437|articlename=Talking Wallet?|dated=|website=Plaza|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.minastirith.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=3;t=000199|articlename=The talking purse|dated=|website=[http://www.minastirith.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi Minas Tirith Forums]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/gforum/perl/gforum.cgi?post=580638|articlename=The talking purse - anything in the mythology to explain what it is?|dated=|website=[http://newboards.theonering.net/forum/ The One Ring Forums]|accessed=9 March 2013}}</ref> [[Elrond]] certainly guessed that the trolls had some plunder from [[Moria]], although he was specifically referring to [[Glamdring]] and [[Orcrist]].<ref>{{H|3}}</ref>

== Portrayal in adaptations ==
'''1989: [[The Hobbit (comic book)|''The Hobbit'' (comic)]]:'''
:[[David T. Wenzel]] portrays the trolls' purse having holes resembling a shouting mouth.
'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:The trolls' purse is referred to as a '''wallet''' and it has eyes that open up when it is touched by Bilbo.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51lM0zfNg70|articlename=The Hobbit Game - Part 3 "Roast Mutton" (time 14:10)|dated=14 February 2013|website=YT|accessed=18 July 2016}}</ref>

{{References|note}}

[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Enigmas]]
[[Category:Objects]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de: Trollbörse]]
[[fr: Bourse des trolls]]

Fëanorian lamps

2023-10-27T09:52:12Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

{{disambig-more|Fëanorian|[[Fëanorian (disambiguation)]]}}
{{object infobox
| name=Fëanorean lamps
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Tuor, Gelmir, and Arminas.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Tuor, Gelmir, and Arminas" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=[[Valinor]], later [[Middle-earth]]
| owner=[[Noldor]]
| type=Object
| appearance=Blue flame in a white crystal
| creator=[[Fëanor]] (inventor)
| created=
| createdlocation=
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}
{{quote|...they were made of old in [[Valinor]], and neither wind nor water could quench them, and when they were unhooded they sent forth a clear blue light from a flame imprisoned in white crystal.|''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[Of Tuor and his coming to Gondolin]]}}

'''Fëanorian lamps''' were lamps which emitted a blue light from a flame from within a white crystal. They are described as "crystals hung in a fine chain net, the crystals being ever shining with an inner blue radiance". The lamps were created in [[Valinor]] and the flame could not be extinguished by wind or water. The [[Noldor]] were famous for the flames, but unfortunately the craft was lost with them. [[Gelmir (messenger of Círdan)|Gelmir]] possessed one of these lamps when he met [[Tuor]].<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}</ref>

Some of the Noldor who had been captured by [[Morgoth]] and put to work in his mines had Fëanorian lamps with them. [[Gwindor]] was one of these enslaved Elves, and when he escaped he took with him one of these lamps.<ref name="CH9">{{CH|9}}</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The lamps were part of the [[legendarium]] from very early stages, but [[Christopher Tolkien]] did not mention them in the published ''[[Silmarillion]]''. For example, in one version of the story, [[Túrin Turambar]] recognised the face of [[Beleg]] whom he had slain by the light of Gwindor's lamp;<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}, p. 51, note 2</ref> yet in the version included in the ''Silmarillion'', it was lightning which revealed Beleg's face to Túrin.<ref name="CH9"/>

A detailed description of the nature of the lamps is described in the early ''[[Lay of the Children of Húrin]]'', when Belegs finds Gwindor in the forest of [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]] after seeing his lamp shining in the distance:

{{blockquote|But little lanterns   of lucent crystal 
and silver cold   with subtlest cunning 
they strangely fashioned,   and steadfast a flame 
burnt unblinking   there blue and pale, 
unquenched for ever.   The craft that lit them 
was the jewel-makers'   most jealous secret. 
Not Morgoth's might,   nor meed nor torment 
them vowed, availed   to reveal that lore; 
yet lights and lamps   of living radiance, 
many and magical,   they made for him. 
No dark could dim them   the deeps wandering; 
whose lode they lit   was lost seldom 
in groundless grot,   or gulfs far under.|''[[The Lay of the Children of Húrin]]'', II. Beleg, vv. 787-799}}

This scene of Beleg finding Gwindor with one of these lamps was painted by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and published in ''[[Pictures by J.R.R. Tolkien]]'' (1979), [[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Fangorn Forest.jpg|no. 37]].

{{references}}
[[Category:Objects]]
[[de: Feanorische Lampen]]

The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen

2023-10-24T10:00:19Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

'''''The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen''''' was a [[Gondorians|Gondorian]] tale written in the early [[Fourth Age]]. It told the story of the romance of [[Aragorn]] and [[Arwen]] from the days before Aragorn's birth until Arwen's despair at his loss.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref>

==History==
The Tale was written in [[Gondor]] by [[Barahir (grandson of Faramir)|Barahir]], the grandson of [[Prince]] [[Faramir]] of [[Ithilien]]. It was inserted into a copy of the [[Thain's Book]] by [[Findegil]], but in a shortened form - the passages relating to the [[War of the Ring]] were removed to avoid repeating the main tale of that Book.<ref>{{FR|Records}}</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tale of Aragorn and Arwen}}
[[Category:Lays and tales within the legendarium]]

[[de: Die Erzählung von Aragorn und Arwen]]

Battlelore

2023-10-24T08:22:50Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

{{band
| image=[[File:Battlelore.png|250px]]
| name=
| origin=Lappeenranta, Finland
| genre=Epic Metal
| years=[[1999]]-present
| label=Napalm Records
| website=[http://www.battlelore.net www.battlelore.net]
| members=Kaisa Jouhki Tomi Mykkänen Jussi Rautio Jyri Vahvanen Timo Honkanen Maria Henri Vahvanen
| formermembers=Miika Kokkola Patrik Mennander Tommi Havo Gorthaur
}}
'''Battlelore''' is an epic fantasy power metal band from Lappeenranta, Finland. Their style takes elements from gothic metal, power metal, death metal, and even some industrial in the mix. All of Battlelore's lyrics specifically revolve around people and events in [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[Middle-earth]].

==Members==
===Current members===
* Kaisa Jouhki (b. 7 July 1980) - vocals
* Tomi Mykkänen - vocals
* Jussi Rautio - lead guitars
* Jyri Vahvanen - guitars
* Maria - keyboards & flute
* Timo Honkanen (b. 14 December 1979) - bass
* Henri Vahvanen - drums

===Former members===
* Miika Kokkola - Bass
* Patrik Mennander - Vocals
* Tommi Havo - Vocals, Lead guitars
* Gorthaur - Drums

===Guest musicians===
* Erik Zacharias - additional synthesizer
* Jyrki Myllärinen - classical guitars

==Discography==
===Full-length albums===
* ''[[...Where the Shadows Lie]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Sword's Song]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Third Age of the Sun]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Evernight (album)|Evernight]]'' (2007)
* ''[[The Last Alliance (album)|The Last Alliance]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Doombound (album)|Doombound]]'' (2011)

===DVDs===
* ''The Journey'' (2004)

===Videos===
*"Journey to Undying Lands"
*"Storm of the Blades" (2005)
*"House of Heroes" (2007)
*"Third Immortal" (2008)

==External links==
*[http://www.battlelore.net Official website]
*[http://myspace.com/battleloremusic Official Myspace page]
*[http://label.napalmrecords.com/battlelore-2 Battlelore] at Napalm Records

[[Category:Bands]]
[[Category:Heavy metal]]
[[de: Battlelore]]

Éalá Éarendel Engla Beorhtast

2023-10-23T09:03:08Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

'''''Éalá Éarendel Engla Beorhtast''''' is an early poem by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] (according to [[Christopher Tolkien]] "the first of the [[Legendarium|mythology]]"<ref name="LT">{{LT2|V}}</ref>{{rp|271}}). It is published in full in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]''.<ref name="LT"></ref>{{rp|267-269}}

The poem was originally titled '''''The Voyage of Éarendel the Evening Star''''' (with the Old English version ''Scipfæreld Éarendeles Ǽfensteorran'') and was written at Phoenix Farm in [[1914#September|September 1914]], inspired by a line from the ''Crist'' of Cynewulf.<ref name="Bio71">[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'', p. 71</ref><ref name="Gedling">Andrew H. Morton, John Hayes, ''[[Tolkien's Gedling|Tolkien's Gedling - 1914]]''</ref> Under this title Tolkien read the poem at the [[Oxford University|Oxford]] Essay Club in the November of the same year, as referenced in [[Letter 2]]. By the latest revision, written at an unknown date but "substantially later" than the first, the newer title was given in its Old English form only. This [[Old English]] title was taken from the poem that inspired it, rendered in modern English as ''The Last Voyage of Eärendel''.<ref name="LT"></ref>{{rp|267}}

It was the first poem on the subject of [[Eärendil]] and describes his voyage from "[[Beleriand|Westerland]]", through "the darkling [[Valinor|West]]" and ultimately [[Void|beyond the world]] itself. The fourth verse describes the movements of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] in a way which anticipates cosmology of the ''[[The Hiding of Valinor]]'' and the ''[[The Tale of the Sun and Moon]]''.

==The poem==
<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">Éarendel arose where the shadow flows
at Ocean's silent brim;
through the mouth of night as a ray of light
where the shores are sheer and dim
he launched his bark like a silver spark
from the last and lonely sand;
then on sunlit breath of day's fiery death
he sailed from Westerland.

He threaded his path o'er the aftermath
of the splendour of the Sun,
and wandered far past many a star
in his gleaming galleon.
On the gathering tide of darkness ride
the argosies of the sky,
and spangle the night with their sails of light
as the streaming star goes by.

Unheeding he dips past these twinkling ships,
by his wayward spirit whirled
on an endless quest through the darkling West
o'er the margin of the world;
and he fares in haste o'er the jewelled waste
and the dusk from whence he came
with his heart afire with bright desire
and his face in silver flame.

The Ship of the Moon from the East comes soon
from the Haven of the Sun,
whose white gates gleam in the coming beam
of the mighty silver one.
Lo! with bellying clouds as his vessel's shrouds
he weighs anchor down the dark,
and on shimmering oars leaves the blazing shores
in his argent-timbered bark.

Then Éarendel fled from that Shipman dread
beyond the dark earth's pale,
back under the rim of the Ocean dim,
and behind the world set sail;
and he heard the mirth of the folk of earth
and the falling of their tears,
as the world dropped back in a cloudy wrack
on its journey down the years.

Then he glimmering passed to the starless vast
as an isléd lamp at sea,
and beyond the ken of mortal men
set his lonely errantry,
tracking the Sun in his galleon
through the pathless firmament,
till his light grew old in abysses cold
and his eager flame was spent.</poem>

==See also==
* [[The Bidding of the Minstrel]]
* [[The Shores of Elfland|The Shores of Faëry]]
* [[The Happy Mariners]]
* [[Song of Earendil]]
* [[Index:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien|Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eala Earendel Engla Beorhtast}}
[[Category:Poems by J.R.R. Tolkien]]
[[fi:Éalá Éarendel Engla Beorhtast]]
[[de: Die letzte Reise von Earendel]]

8 June

2023-10-23T08:30:56Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

<noinclude>{{month|June|hide31=yes}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1925]]''' - Father [[Robert Murray]], friend of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] and his family, is born.
* '''[[1961]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes [[Letter 230]].
* '''[[1961]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] writes a [[Letter to Rhona Beare (8 June 1961)|letter to Rhona Beare]].
* '''[[1994]]''' - Actor [[Anthony Boyle]] is born.
* '''[[2008]]''' - [[Forodrim]]'s 36th birthday celebration.

==In Arda==
:''There are no known events for this day.''<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|160]][[fi:8. kesäkuuta]][[de: 8. Juni]]</noinclude>

15 July

2023-10-23T08:29:42Z

Nienna1954: added link to German article

<noinclude>{{month|July}}
Events that occurred on {{PAGENAME}}.
==On Earth==
</noinclude>
* '''[[1883]]''' - [[Inklings|Inkling]] [[Adam Fox]] is born.
* '''[[1915]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] becomes a second lieutenant, and is appointed to the 13th Service Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers.
* '''[[1919]]''' - Tolkien is officially released from service, well over a year after the [[World War I|war]]'s end.
* '''[[1964]]''' - [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] sends [[Letter to Miss J.L. Curry|a letter to Miss J.L. Curry]].
* '''[[1979]]''' - [[Mythcon 10]] in [[wikipedia:San Jose, California|San Jose, California]].
* '''[[1998]]''' - [[Mythcon 29]] in [[wikipedia:Wheaton, Illinois|Wheaton, Illinois]].
* '''[[2004]]''' - [[The Lord of the Rings Symphony]] in [[wikipedia:Seattle|Seattle]].
* '''[[2004]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VI]] in [[wikipedia:Hohenahr|Hohensolms, Hohenahr]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2006]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing VIII]] in [[wikipedia:Diez, Germany|Diez]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2007]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing|Tolkien Thing IX]] in [[wikipedia:Diez, Germany|Diez]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2010]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2010 in [[wikipedia:Bad Hersfeld|Bad Hersfeld]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Tolkien Thing]] 2011 in [[wikipedia:Breuberg|Breuberg]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]].
* '''[[2011]]''' - [[Mythcon 42]] in [[wikipedia:Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque, New Mexico]].
* '''[[2013]]''' - [[Mythcon 44]] at [[wikipedia:Michigan State University|Michigan State University]], [[wikipedia:East Lansing, Michigan|East Lansing]].

==In Arda==
* {{TA|3018}}:
** {{Cal Prison-Gandalf}}
** {{Cal Travel-Boromir}}<noinclude>[[Category:Dates|197]][[fi:15. heinäkuuta]][[de: 15. Juli]]</noinclude>

Isengard (band)

2023-10-16T09:22:21Z

Nienna1954: change category to black metal

{{disambig-more|Isengard|[[Isengard (disambiguation)]]}}
'''Isengard''' is a black metal band from [[wikipedia:Vikingstad|Vikingstad]], [[wikipedia:Sweden|Sweden]], formed in [[1988]]. The band is notable for being one of the first [[Tolkien metal]] bands that inspired a new black metal wave.{{fact}}

==Members==
;Current members
* Ronnie Andréson - guitars, vocals ([[1991]]-present)
* Fredrik Broman - guitars ([[1988]]-[[1991]], [[2008]]-present)
* Peter Högberg - vocals ([[2008]]-present)
* Janne Goat Tillman - bass ([[1988]]-present)
* Uffe Tillman - drums ([[1988]]-present)

;Former members
* Anders Gustavsson - vocals ([[1992]]-[[1994]])
* Odin - vocals ([[1995]]-[[1997]])
* Linus Melchoirsen - vocals ([[1998]]-[[2000]])

==Discography==
* ''Atomic Winter'' ([[1992]])
* ''Feel No Fear'' ([[1994]])
* ''Under The Dragons Wing'' ([[1995]])
* ''Enter The Dragon Empire'' ([[1996]])
* ''Live At De Voe'' ([[1996]])
* ''Crownless Majesty'' ([[2001]])

==External Links==
* '''[http://www.myspace.com/isengardsew Official Myspace]'''
{{title}}
[[Category:Black metal]]