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Gilraen

2024-04-20T05:54:18Z

Nightkite: Spelling and grammar mistakes

__NOTOC__
{{arnorian infobox
| name=Gilraen
| image=[[File:Anna Kulisz - Gilraen and sleeping Estel.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Gilraen and sleeping Estel" by [[:Category:Images by Anna Kulisz|Anna Kulisz]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''the Fair''
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Rivendell]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|2907}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{TA|3007}}
| deathlocation=
| age=100
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Isildur]]
| parentage=[[Dírhael]] and [[Ivorwen]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Arathorn II]]
| children=[[Aragorn]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Gilraen the Fair''' ({{TA|2907}}-{{TA|3007|n}}) was a [[Dúnadan of the North]], the daughter of [[Dírhael]] and [[Ivorwen]], and a descendant of the first chieftain, [[Aranarth]].

==History==
She was born in the year {{TA|2907|n}} of the [[Third Age]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> She wanted to marry [[Arathorn II]], the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] but her father at first did not want her partly because she was at the time younger than customary for marriage, and he also foresaw that Arathorn would have a short life. However, Ivorwen persuaded him in the end, saying that Arathorn's short life was a further incentive to have a quick marriage, so that an heir could be born to be their people's leader. They were married in {{TA|2929}}.<ref name="Tale">{{App|Tale}}</ref> Gilraen's son [[Aragorn]] was born in {{TA|2931}}, but her husband was killed [[Third Age 2933|two years later]]<ref name="TA"/>, as her father predicted.

She then brought her son to live in [[Rivendell|Imladris]] to protect him from harm (from Isildur's enemies) as was customary with the [[Heir of Isildur]]. She opposed Aragorn's love for [[Arwen]], believing that Arwen's lineage was more noble than his and that [[Elves]] and [[mortality|mortals]] should not intermarry. About {{TA|2984}} Gilraen returned to her people in [[Eriador]] where she died in {{TA|3007|n}},<ref name="TA"/> aged one-hundred years.

Her final words to Aragorn were the [[linnod]] ''Ónen i-Estel Edain, ú-chebin estel anim'', meaning "I gave [[Estel|Hope]] (an obvious reference to her son's nickname) to the Dúnedain, I have kept no hope for myself."<ref name="Tale"/>

==Etymology==
''Gilraen'' is a [[Sindarin]] name. It means "one adorned with a tressure set with small gems in its network" and is a combination of ''[[gil]]'' ("star") and ''raen'' ("netted", "enlaced").<ref name=VT42>{{VT|42}}, pp. 11-13</ref> More loosely translated, it means "Netted Star".<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-4039699279.html|articlename=S. ''Gilraen'' f.|website=Eldamo|accessed=05 February 2022}}</ref> It was a common name given to women of high rank among the [[Rangers of the North]], because they used to wear such treasures.<ref name=VT42/>

== Genealogy ==
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | HOS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HOS=''[[House of Isildur]]''}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | ARA | | | | HOU | | | | | | | | |ARA=[[Arathorn I]] ''{{TA|2693|n}} - {{TA|2848|n}}''†|HOU=''[[House of Isildur]]''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |:| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ARG | | UNK | | GIL | | | | | | | | |ARG=[[Argonui]] ''{{TA|2757|n}} - {{TA|2912|n}}''|GIL=[[Gilbarad]] ''b. {{TA}}''|UNK=''unknownchild''[[Gilraen#Other versions of the legendarium|NB]]}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ARA | | DIR |y| IVO | | | | | | | | |ARA=[[Arador]] ''{{TA|2820|n}} - {{TA|2930|n}}''†|DIR=[[Dírhael]] ''b. {{TA}}''|IVO=[[Ivorwen]] ''b. {{TA}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ATH |~|y|~| GIR | | | | ELR |y| CEL |ATH=[[Arathorn II]] ''{{TA|2873|n}} - {{TA|2933|n}}''†|GIR='''GILRAEN''' ''{{TA|2907|n}} - {{TA|3007|n}}''|CEL=[[Celebrían]] ''b. around {{SA|300}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]] ''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | ELE |-|-|-|y|-|-|-|-| ARW | | |ELE=[[Aragorn II]] '''Elessar''' ''{{TA|2931}} - {{FoA|120}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]] ''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | ELD | | | | | | | | DAU | | | |ELD=[[Eldarion]] ''{{FoA|1}} - around {{FoA|220|n}}''|DAU=''unknowndaughters''}}
{{familytree/end}}
</div>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<center><gallery>
File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Gilraen's grave.jpg|<center>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]</center>
</gallery></center>

'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''
:Aragorn and [[Elrond]] have a conversation at a memorial to Gilraen in [[Rivendell]]. Elrond suggests that she brought Aragorn to [[Rivendell|Imladris]] for safety from pursuit by the forces of evil. Elrond also thinks that Gilraen believed Aragorn would not escape his fate. Her memorial features a statue along with her name and an inscription of her final words written in [[Tengwar]].

'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''
:Elrond and Aragorn recite Gilraen's final words when Elrond brings the re-forged sword [[Andúril]] to Aragorn, with the words possibly taking on a different connotation from their meaning in the book.

==External links==

*[http://mathom.hubpages.com/hub/mother-of-aragorn-gilraen The Tragedy of Gilraen, Aragorn's Mother]

{{References}}

[[Category:House of Isildur]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Gilraen]]
[[fi:Gilraen]]

East Road

2024-01-27T03:13:22Z

Nightkite: Rewrote, referenced, added some more information.

{{cleanup}}
{{location infobox
| name=East Road
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Great East Road.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Great East Road" by Matěj Čadil
| pronun=
| othernames=Great Road, East-West Road
| location=Running from [[Blue Mountains]] through central [[Eriador]] to the [[Misty Mountains]]
| type=Road
| description=
| regions=
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Hobbits]], [[Men]], [[Dwarves]], [[Elves]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=
}}
The '''East Road''',<ref>{{FR|Conspiracy}}, p. 66</ref> also known as the '''Great Road'''<ref name="Eriador">{{App|Eriador}}, p. 1039</ref> or '''East-West Road'''<ref name="Shadow">{{FR|Shadow}}, p. 43</ref> was an old Dwarven route in [[Eriador]] that ran from the [[Grey Havens]] to [[Rivendell]].<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''East Road'', p. 75</ref> It crossed the [[Greenway]] at [[Bree]].<ref name="Map">{{FR|Map}}</ref>

==Course==
The western end of the Road was the [[Grey Havens]], giving access to the [[Blue Mountains]].<ref name="Shadow" /> The East Road passed through the Shire, and two of its most important towns lay athwart the road (namely [[Hobbiton]] and [[Michel Delving]]).<ref>{{FR|Part}}</ref> Where the East Road met the [[Greenway]] was where [[Bree]] was situated.<ref name="Map" /> According to Strider, a day's ride east on the East Road was where [[The Forsaken Inn]] was. Beyond, at the end of the road, was [[Rivendell]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[A Knife in the Dark]]"</ref>

==History==
The East Road was originally built by the [[Dwarves]] during the [[First Age]]{{fact}}, and ran from the [[Iron Hills]] through [[Rhovanion]] to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], from which it continued across [[Eriador]] to the [[Blue Mountains]], and then on to [[Doriath]] in [[Beleriand]]. It connected the realms of Nogrod and Belegost with [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], allowing for trade and communication.

The western parts were laid to facilitate the passage of Dwarf craftsmen (and later, their armed escorts) across eastern Beleriand, before the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves]] ended their trading.{{fact}}

After the ruination of [[Nogrod]] and neighbouring [[Belegost]], focus shifted to the eastern part of the road, which had been built by the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm. The inhabitants of Khazad-dûm, the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeards]], continued to grow in power and influence; their trading needs meant that the [[Old Forest Road|Dwarf-road]], which traversed from the [[Iron Hills]] through [[Mirkwood]] to their eastern gates, became widely known. On the western side of the [[Misty Mountains]], after traversing the [[High Pass]], the road continued to the Blue Mountains.

When the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] realm-in-exile of [[Arnor]] was founded, the [[Dúnedain of Arnor|Dúnedain]] took over maintenance of the East Road and built several fortresses on or near it (of which the most well-known was [[Weathertop]]). They also expanded and created bridges over the rivers [[Baranduin|Brandywine]] ([[Brandywine Bridge|Bridge of Stonebows]]) and [[Hoarwell]] ([[Last Bridge]]). After Arnor was divided in {{TA|861}}, the East Road formed the boundary between two of its successor states, [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]]. During the [[Angmar War|War with Angmar]], [[Arthedain]] and Cardolan tried to maintain a frontier along the [[Weather Hills]], the East Road, and the lower [[Hoarwell]] against [[Angmar]] and Rhudaur.<ref>{{App|Eriador}}, ''The North-kingdom and the Dúneadin'', p. 1040</ref>

By the late [[Third Age]], the most notable users of the road were the [[Dwarves]] who travelled to and from the [[Blue Mountains]].<ref name="Eriador" /> Those often stopped at [[Bree]], and when they traversed [[the Shire]], it was said that they brought news from the world outside, thus becoming the main link between the Shire and other realms.<ref>{{FR|Sign}}</ref><ref name="Shadow" />

==Other versions==
Originally, the Road made two large curves: a great loop south of Weathertop to the North-east and then "bent back again southward towards the [[Bruinen|River]]" around the bottom of the [[Trollshaws]].

Because of [[Christopher Tolkien]]'s "carelessness", in the [[1954]] [[General Map of Middle-earth|published map]], the Road has only a small northward curve between Weathertop and the [[Last Bridge]], and then runs in a straight line to the [[Ford of Bruinen]]. In the [[Second Edition]] onwards, in order to agree with the map, the portion of the text was corrected to "the Road behind held on its way to the River Bruinen".<ref>{{RS|1XIa}}</ref>

The relevant map in [[Barbara Strachey]]'s atlas ''[[Journeys of Frodo]]'' reflects the earlier descriptions.
==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''2012: [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]:'''

While the [[Thorin and Company|Company of Thorin Oakenshield]] is in [[Rivendell]], Gandalf mentions to [[Elrond|Lord Elrond]] that they were travelling on the Great East Road. It is also said that they found the swords [[Orcrist]] and [[Glamdring]] in a troll-hoard on the self-same road.
==References==
<references />
{{references}}
[[Category:Eriador]]
[[Category:The Shire]]
[[Category:Roads and streets]]

[[de:Oststraße (Drittes Zeitalter)]]
[[fi:Itä-Länsi-tie]]

Thorin and Company

2024-01-19T12:22:34Z

Nightkite: Grammatical and content in the movie section

{{organization infobox
| name=Thorin and Company
| image=[[File:Frank Rivolli - The Dwarfs.jpg|180px]]
| caption="The Dwarfs" by Frank Rivolli
| pronun=
| othernames=
| founded={{TA|2941}}
| founder=[[Thorin]]
| purpose=Reclamation of the [[Lonely Mountain]], and recovery of Dwarven wealth, including the [[Arkenstone]]
| members=[[Thorin]], [[Balin]], [[Dwalin]], [[Fíli]], [[Kíli]], [[Dori]], [[Nori]], [[Ori]], [[Óin]], [[Glóin]], [[Bifur]], [[Bofur]], [[Bombur]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]]
| location=
| disbanded={{TA|2941}}
| notablefor=Re-establishment of the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]], bringing about the death of [[Smaug]]
}}
'''Thorin and Company''' refers to the thirteen exiled [[Dwarves]] under the leadership of [[Thorin]] [[Oakenshield]] and the one [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] [[Bilbo Baggins]], who famously made the [[Quest of Erebor]], travelling through the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]] to the [[Lonely Mountain]], to recover their ancient treasure from the Kingdom of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], stolen by the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]].

Thorin's company were:
*[[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]], sons of [[Fundin]] (descendants of [[Náin II]])
*[[Óin]] and [[Glóin]], sons of [[Gróin]] (cousins of Balin and Dwalin)
*[[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], brothers, nephews of Thorin
*[[Dori]], [[Nori]] and [[Ori]] (Dwarves of the [[House of Durin]])
*[[Bifur]] with his cousins [[Bofur]] and [[Bombur]] (descendants of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]])<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref>
*And Bilbo Baggins, a Hobbit of [[the Shire]]<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref>
They were joined by [[Gandalf]] for part of the journey.

Thorin referred to himself and his Dwarven companions as "Thorin and Company" in the opening line of the message left on Bilbo's mantelpiece after the [[An Unexpected Party|unexpected party]] at [[Bag End]].<ref>{{H|Mutton}}</ref>

===Portrayal in adaptations===
{{Gallery
|title=Thorin and Company in adaptations
|height=150
|width=200
|lines=3
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Thorin and Company.jpg|Surviving members of the Company in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
|File:The Hobbit (film series) - the Dwarves.jpg|The Company in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film series]]
}}
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'''''
: All surviving members of the Company appear in the game. After the [[Battle of Dale]] the Dwarves and [[Gandalf]] pay homage to the tombs of Thorin, Fíli and Kíli, which are now next to that of King [[Dáin Ironfoot]].

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' film series]]:'''
:The thirteen Dwarves all feature in the films, although they do not wear coloured hoods, and are given more developed and distinct personalities as opposed to the novel. The Dwarves battle with [[Smaug]], instead of hiding from him, in the "Battle of the Forges". The Company is broken only once; when four of the Dwarves stay behind in Lake-town prior to the death of Smaug. While Thorin is under the influence of dragon-sickness, Gandalf says that "there is no Company, not anymore". But all thirteen Dwarves and Bilbo Baggins fight in [[the Battle of the Five Armies]], where Thorin, Fíli and Kíli are slain.
{{references}}
{{Thorin and Company}}
{{companyroute}}
[[Category:Organizations]]
[[de:Thorin & Co.]]
[[fi:Thorinin seurue]]

Battle of Five Armies

2023-11-24T23:48:47Z

Nightkite: Added in the BOFTA movie section that Legolas killed Bolg.

{{disambig-more|Battle of Five Armies|[[Battle of Five Armies (disambiguation)]]}}
{{battle
|image=[[File:Matt Stewart - The Battle Under the Mountain.jpg|300px]]|
name=Battle of Five Armies
|conflict=
|date="the last week of autumn" in {{TA|2941}}<ref>{{H|11}}</ref>
|place=The valley of [[Dale]] and the slopes of [[Erebor]]
|result=Victory for the [[Elves of Mirkwood|Elves]], [[Lake-men|Men]], and [[Durin's Folk|Dwarves]]
*Death of [[Thorin II Oakenshield]]
*[[Dáin II Ironfoot]] becomes [[King under the Mountain]]
*[[Bard]] becomes [[King of Dale]] soon after
*[[Esgaroth]] rebuilt soon after
*[[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] become diminished
|side1=
[[Beorn]]
 [[Bilbo Baggins]]
 [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]
 [[Eagles]]
 [[Elves of Mirkwood]]
 [[Lake-men]]
 [[Thorin and Company]]
|side2=
[[Bats]]
 [[Bodyguard of Bolg]]
 [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|Goblin warriors of the North]]
 [[Wargs]]
|commanders1=
[[Bard the Bowman]]
 [[Dáin Ironfoot]]
 [[Gandalf]]
 [[Great Eagle]]
 [[Thorin II Oakenshield]] †
 [[Thranduil]]
|commanders2=
[[Bolg]] †
|forces1=
Unknown, except for:
*Over 1,000 [[Elves of Mirkwood|Elf spearmen]] and several hundred more archers<ref>{{H|17}}</ref>
*Over 500 [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]]<ref name="Thief">{{H|Thief}}</ref>
*[[Thorin and Company|Thorin's twelve Dwarf companions]]
|forces2=Unknown, except for "A vast host"
|casual1=Unknown, presumably substantial
|casual2=Heavy: "three parts of the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|goblin warriors of the North]] perished"<ref>{{H|18}}</ref>
}}

The '''Battle of Five Armies''' was an important battle waged in {{TA|2941}}.<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> The five warring parties were the [[Orcs#Goblins|Goblins]] and the [[Wargs]] against [[Men]], [[Elves]] and [[Dwarves]] on and near the [[Lonely Mountain]].

==History==
=== Prelude ===
Thorin and Company, including the "master-thief" [[Bilbo Baggins]] trying to recapture the heirloom of their fathers' (and possibly to kill Smaug, too, and thus to recapture the whole Kingdom) had camped without at [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] for some weeks. Bilbo had already done some exploration of the old hallways using the [[Back Door]] and had stolen a golden cup from the treasure. By this deed and by Bilbo's bold speech Smaug's anger was kindled.

Erroneously believing, due to some remarks Bilbo had made during his conversation with Smaug,<ref name="Inside">{{H|Inside}}</ref> that some scheme of the Men of [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]] was the reason for the Dwarves' (and Bilbo's) presence, Smaug flew to Esgaroth to show them who is "the true [[King under the Mountain]]".<ref name="Inside">{{H|Inside}}</ref> Smaug's fires burned down the whole town, but the dragon was killed by [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]]. The [[Elves of Mirkwood]] soon learned that Smaug had been killed and thus set forth to claim the treasure, believing there was no one left who had a claim on it. Having heard of the disaster that had struck the befriended men, the Elven host turned aside to offer any help that could be provided. Some day after the Elves had arrived at the [[Long Lake]] a united host of Men and Elves set forth towards Erebor, believing that the Dwarves had been among the first casualties of Smaug's wrath. To their surprise they found Thorin and Company quite alive, the gate to the halls beneath Erebor barred by a wall and themselves treated as foes, coming armed towards the gates.<ref name="Fire">{{H|Fire}}</ref>

For several reasons Bard, being heir of [[Girion]], Lord of [[Dale]], claimed one twelfth of the treasure: first, he was the dragonslayer and without him, the Dwarves could never have reclaimed their old home. Second, a great deal of Dale's treasure had been robbed by Smaug and thus belonged rightfully to Bard and not the Dwarves. Third, the men of Esgaroth had helped the Dwarves on their journey and now had suffered severely; their whole city burned to the ground and their stocks being destroyed by Smaug, whose anger in the end was only risen by the Dwarves alone. Therefore they demanded compensation and Bard intended to pay it from the part of the treasure he claimed.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|Gathering}}</ref>

Yet Thorin rebuked these claims. He would not fulfill any of the conditions as long as an armoured Elven host camped near Erebor. For the Elves did not have any claims on the treasure and Thorin himself had been imprisoned by the Elves.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|Gathering}}</ref>

As a result, [[Thorin and Company]] were trapped in a bloodless siege, with [[Thranduil]] and Bard hoping to wait him out.<ref name="Gathering">{{H|Gathering}}</ref> However, Thorin had sent messages of his plight to his relatives using as messengers talking [[Ravens]] that lived on the Lonely Mountain. These reached [[Dáin Ironfoot]] of the nearby Iron Hills, and he marched to Erebor with 500 heavily armed [[Dwarves of the Iron Hills]], most of them skilled veterans of the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]]<ref name="Thief">{{H|Thief}}</ref>. When Dain's forces arrived, battle was almost joined between the two sides (now ''three'' armies were on the field) but at the last moment [[Gandalf]] intervened between the two and revealed that while they were bickering amongst themselves, the Goblins of the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Grey Mountains]] under [[Bolg]] were using the opportunity to march against them. They had been incited by Gandalf's earlier slaying of the [[Great Goblin]], but had now mobilized for a full-scale attack after hearing news of the death of the Dragon and the now relatively unguarded treasure hoard.<ref name=Burst>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

=== Battle ===
The three commanders agreed that the Goblins and Wargs were the enemies of all and previous grievances between them were put on hold in face of the greater threat. They arranged their forces on the two spurs of the Mountain that lined the valley leading to the now-sealed off great [[Front Gate|Gate of Erebor]]; the only entrance to the Mountain that remained unblocked (any others had been destroyed by Smaug long before). The 500 Dwarves and 200 or so Lake-men formed up on one spur and over 1000 Elves on the other, while a light rear-guard lined across the mouth of the valley to lure the Goblins between the two spurs of the mountain, and thus destroy them. [[Bilbo Baggins]] tried to sit out the battle on [[Ravenhill]] which was held by the Elves and where Gandalf had also withdrawn to.<ref name=Burst>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

[[File:Joona Kujanen - Battle of Five Armies - Men of Esgaroth.jpg|thumb|left|''Battle of Five Armies: Men of Esgaroth'' by Joona Kujanen.]]

Soon the Goblins and Wargs arrived, and at first the plan worked: they were lured into the choke point and took heavy losses. However, due to their superior numbers, the allied Free peoples did not hold the advantage long. The second wave was even worse than the first, and due to their sheer number now many Goblins scaled the mountain from the opposite side, and began to attack the arrayed forces from above and behind, as the main wave pressed forward. The battle raged across the Mountain, and then a great noise was heard: Thorin and his twelve Dwarf companions inside the mountain had thrown down a section of the stone wall they had erected across the mouth of the gates, killing many Goblins. Thorin and Company emerged, covered in the best armour and armed with the best weapons in Erebor. Then Thorin cried, "''To me! To me! Elves and Men! To me! O my kinsfolk!''", and charged down into the valley to join the battle with many Dwarves and many Men and Elves joining his charge. Thorin advanced through the Goblins' ranks all the way up to the huge Goblins that formed the [[Bodyguard of Bolg|bodyguard of Bolg]], but could not get past them. Also his battle-line was too short, the flanks unprotected and thus his attack soon crumbled, Thorin and many others were cut off and hard beset by [[Bolg|Bolg's]] bodyguard. The battle degenerated into a chaotic close quarters melee, no quarter asked or given.<ref name=Burst>{{H|Burst}}</ref>

As the battle was turning fully against the Free Folk, a large army of [[Eagles|Giant Eagles]] of the Misty Mountains arrived, led by the [[Great Eagle]]. Bilbo was the first to spot their entrance on the scene and began shouting that "''the Eagles are coming!''", a shout that was then continued among the other troops of the Free Folk. At this point Bilbo was knocked in the head by a large stone thrown by a Goblin from above on the Mountain, and he was knocked out.<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref> With the support of the Giant Eagles, the Goblins that had scaled Erebor were driven off. The tide was eventually turned, when [[Beorn]] himself arrived at the battle, apparently having heard news that a large army of Goblins were on the move. This time he did not appear in his former shape of a giant Man, but in that of a gigantic Bear. Beorn drove through the Goblin lines, but paused to carry the wounded Thorin out of the battle with his paw. Beorn then returned to the battle with even greater wrath and scattered the [[Bodyguard of Bolg|bodyguard of Bolg]], before ultimately crushing [[Bolg]] himself. The Goblins panicked and scattered, to be picked off by hunting forces from the victors later.<ref name="Return">{{H|Return}}</ref>

=== Aftermath ===
[[Thorin]] had been mortally wounded on the field, and his nephews [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]] died defending him as he lay on the ground with shield and body. Thorin died soon after the battle, after he had met Bilbo one last time and had taken back the harsh words he had spoken before.

After defeating the Goblins and Wargs, the victors divided the treasure. Bard took [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s fourteenth share of the gold and silver in return for the [[Arkenstone]], whereupon he shared his reward with the [[Master of Lake-town]] and gave the Elvenking [[Thranduil]] the emeralds of [[Girion]]. Bilbo, despite having forfeited his share, was offered a rich reward by [[Dáin Ironfoot]] but refused to take more than two small chests of gold and silver.

It is said that three quarters of the Goblin warriors of the North were killed on that day. The Goblins of the Misty Mountains and the Dwarves both were significantly spent after the battle, and until the [[War of the Ring]], the North remained quiet on both sides.<ref name="Return"/>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In its first versions, the conflict around Erebor ended after the Siege. While Bard and the Elvenking laid siege, Gandalf would arrive and negotiate a peace treaty. The actual Battle, dubbed by [[John D. Rateliff]] the "Battle of Anduin Vale", would be on the return journey, in what would later be known as the [[Vales of Anduin]]. There, Goblins and Wargs would waylay Bilbo. The Five Armies in this incarnation were the Goblins, the Wargs, the Woodelves, the Woodmen, and [[Beorn|Beorn Medwed]] leading a troop of bears.<ref name=TBo5A">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[John D. Rateliff]] (ed.), ''[[The History of The Hobbit|The History of The Hobbit: Return to Bag-End]]'', pages 713-4</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''1966: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''
:The battle is completely omitted. Bilbo kills the dragon, and returns home.<ref name="Deitch">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UBnVL1Y2src|articlename=The Hobbit.mp4|dated=5 January 2012|website=YouTube|accessed=10 January 2012}}</ref>

'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''
:The "Five Armies" are the Elves, the Men, the Dwarves, the Goblins (and [[Wargs]]) and the Eagles. Bilbo estimates the force of the Men and Elves on 10,000, but this may not be an accurate estimate. The number of Dwarves of [[Thorin and Company]] to have died is seven, but only Thorin and [[Bombur]] are named among the dead. Only [[Glóin]] is shown as having survived the battle.

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:The battle takes up most of the last chapter. Because Bilbo is the main character, his role in the battle is much expanded. After leaving Thranduil, he has to fight his way to Balin, [[Lianna]], [[Corwin]], Gandalf, Beorn, and ultimately Bolg.

'''2014: [[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies|''The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies'']]:'''
:The battle comprises the majority of the third film. The five armies are described as Elves, Men, Dwarves, and two armies of Orcs - one from Dol Guldur and the other from [[Gundabad]].<ref>[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (extended edition)]] Appendices</ref> [[Azog]] acts as commander, rather than [[Bolg]], and set up a signal post on [[Raven Hill]] to coordinate the battle.

:During the battle, Thorin decides to kill Azog in [[Ravenhill]] and is followed by Dwalin, Fili and Kili. Fili is then captured, impaled by Azog and thrown off a tower. Bolg finds [[Tauriel]] and injures her but before he can finish her, Kili arrives to save her but is impaled by Bolg's mace and dies. Legolas, hearing Tauriel's confrontation with Bolg, arrives to fight him before he impales Bolg in the head, killing him. Thorin confronts Azog in a fight to avenge Fili; ultimately, Azog stabs Thorin in the chest, whilst Thorin plunges Orcrist through Azog's chest and stabs him into the ice, killing the Orc. Thorin later apologises to, and makes peace with, Bilbo before dying.

{{references}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[Category:Sieges]]
[[de:Schlacht der Fünf Heere]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:3a:guerres:bataille_des_cinq_armees]]
[[fi:Viiden Armeijan Taistelu]]

Shadow over Hollin

2023-08-03T11:48:15Z

Nightkite: /* References */

{{cleanup}}

During the [[Quest of the Ring]], a mysterious '''shadow''' passed over the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] in the night, darkening the stars as it moved over [[Eregion|Hollin]]. The origin of this shadow is unclear, as it was moving fast, and against the wind.<ref>{{FR|South}}</ref>

=Background=
There have been a number of theories developed by fans concerning the nature of the Shadow. There are some who believe that the Shadow over Hollin was a [[Nazgûl|Ringwraith]] on a [[Fell beasts|fell]]-beast; however, this claim is refuted by a statement from [[Grishnakh]], which said that the Nazgûl had been forbidden by [[Sauron]] to cross the [[Anduin]] until after the [[War of the Ring]] progressed. <ref>J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers'', "The Uruk-Hai"</ref> It can also be noted that the Shadow passes over the Fellowship in early drafts of the story, before Tolkien's conception of the fell-beasts. <ref>J.R.R. Tolkien, ''History of Middle-earth'' VI, ''The Return of the Shadow'' Part 4: "The Story Continued" Chapter XXIV: "The Ring Goes South"</ref>

Another discussed possibility is that the Shadow was a flock of [[Crebain]], which the Fellowship had encountered in the early stages of their journey. Alternatively, the Shadow may have been a manifestation of Sauron's power; a similar shadow passed over [[Amon Hen]], when Frodo wore the Ring. <ref>J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring'', "Chapter X: The Breaking of the Fellowship"</ref>
==External links==
*[https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/116568/what-was-the-shadow-that-passed-over-the-fellowship-on-the-path-from-hollin-to-t Discussion] in stackexchange
{{references}}
<references />
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Enigmas]]

Shadow over Hollin

2023-08-03T11:45:53Z

Nightkite: Rewrote and referenced.

{{cleanup}}

During the [[Quest of the Ring]], a mysterious '''shadow''' passed over the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] in the night, darkening the stars as it moved over [[Eregion|Hollin]]. The origin of this shadow is unclear, as it was moving fast, and against the wind.<ref>{{FR|South}}</ref>

=Background=
There have been a number of theories developed by fans concerning the nature of the Shadow. There are some who believe that the Shadow over Hollin was a [[Nazgûl|Ringwraith]] on a [[Fell beasts|fell]]-beast; however, this claim is refuted by a statement from [[Grishnakh]], which said that the Nazgûl had been forbidden by [[Sauron]] to cross the [[Anduin]] until after the [[War of the Ring]] progressed. <ref>J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers'', "The Uruk-Hai"</ref> It can also be noted that the Shadow passes over the Fellowship in early drafts of the story, before Tolkien's conception of the fell-beasts. <ref>J.R.R. Tolkien, ''History of Middle-earth'' VI, ''The Return of the Shadow'' Part 4: "The Story Continued" Chapter XXIV: "The Ring Goes South"</ref>

Another discussed possibility is that the Shadow was a flock of [[Crebain]], which the Fellowship had encountered in the early stages of their journey. Alternatively, the Shadow may have been a manifestation of Sauron's power; a similar shadow passed over [[Amon Hen]], when Frodo wore the Ring. <ref>J.R.R. Tolkien, ''The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring'', "Chapter X: The Breaking of the Fellowship"</ref>
==External links==
*[https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/116568/what-was-the-shadow-that-passed-over-the-fellowship-on-the-path-from-hollin-to-t Discussion] in stackexchange
{{references}}

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Enigmas]]

Branda

2023-08-03T11:05:11Z

Nightkite: I have re-written the article to make it sound more professional.

__NOTOC__
{{cleanup}}
The word '''branda''' in [[Telerin]] is an adjective meaning "lofty, noble, or fine".
==Etymology==
The form in [[Primitive Elvish]] (or perhaps [[Common Telerin]]) was ''b'randâ''<ref>{{HM|LR}}, [[The Etymologies|Etymologies]] p. 351</ref>. This was apparently representing an even more primitive adjective *''barándâ'' (stem [[BARAT|BARÁD]]).

In [[Westron]]''', branda''' means "border, march"<ref>{{HM|AF}}</ref>. The [[Hobbitish]] name [[Brandagamba]] (translated as [[Brandybuck]]) is derived from this word and the ending ''-gamba''. While a more literal translation of the name would be "Marchbuck," Tolkien instead translated it as "Brandybuck" in order to retain the visible connection with the [[Brandywine]] River.<ref>{{HM|AF}}</ref>

It may possibly originate from the [[Adûnaic]] *''barrad'', which has the root [[BAR]], though it is unlikely.

== See also ==
*[[Branda-nîn]]
*[[Brandagamba]]
==References==
<references/>
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Telerin adjectives]]
[[Category:Westron words]]

User:Nightkite

2023-08-03T06:08:06Z

Nightkite: User Page fixes

{{Other infobox|name=Night Kite|language=Japanese,
English|height=171cm|hair=Brown|eyes=Brown|gender=Female|birth=August 23, 2006|death=Eventually}}

== About Me ==
I am an avid Tolkien fan, but by no means an encyclopaedic expert. I love ''Lord of the Rings'', ''The Hobbit'', and every other works by Tolkien physically possible to find in the library. My favourite character is Boromir, due to his valour, honour, and immense depth. I write fanfiction of ''Lord of the Rings'' and ''The Hobbit'', 90% faithful to canon- and I love Tolkien Gateway for references. I mainly do re-writing edits, but may do other things as well.
{| class="wikitable"
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!{{User dunedain north}}{{User numenor}}{{User lore-3}}{{User dagor-yes}}{{User under3m}}{{User entwives}}{{User interwiki}}
|}

== Favourite Quote ==
<blockquote>{{Quote|"Lonely men are we, Rangers of the wild, hunters – but hunters ever of the servants of the Enemy; for they are found in many places, not in Mordor only. What roads would any dare to tread, what safety would there be in quiet lands, or in the homes of simple men at night, if the Dúnedain were asleep, or were all gone into the grave?"|[[Aragorn]] in ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', "[[Council of Elrond]]"}}</blockquote>

User:Nightkite

2023-08-03T05:47:58Z

Nightkite: User Page

Mirkwood

2023-07-07T05:08:13Z

Nightkite: Spelling mistake

{{disambig-more|Mirkwood|[[Mirkwood (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location infobox
| name=Mirkwood
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Mirkwood.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Mirkwood" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Taur-nu-Fuin'', ''Taur-e-Ndaedelos'', ''Eryn Galen'', ''Eryn Lasgalen'', Greenwood the Great
| location=East of the [[Misty Mountains]], south of [[Ered Mithrin]]
| type=Forest
| description=Deep, thick, dark forest
| regions=[[East Lórien]], [[Narrows]], [[Woodland Realm]]
| towns=[[Amon Lanc]] (later [[Dol Guldur]]), [[Elvenking's Halls]], [[Rhosgobel]]
| inhabitants=[[Spiders]], [[Silvan Elves]] ([[Elves of Mirkwood]], [[Galadhrim]]), [[Northmen]] ([[Woodmen]], [[Beornings]]), [[Orcs]], [[Olog-hai]], [[Nazgûl]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[Battle under the trees]], [[Fall of Dol Guldur]]
}}
{{quote|Well, here is Mirkwood! ''[...]'' Greatest of the forests of the Northern world. I hope you like the look of it.|[[Gandalf]] in ''[[The Hobbit]]'', "[[Queer Lodgings]]"}}

'''Mirkwood''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: ''Taur-nu-Fuin'') or the '''Forest of Great Fear''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: ''[[Taur-e-Ndaedelos]]'') was a great forest east of the river [[Anduin]] in [[Rhovanion]]. It was previously called [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] ([[Sindarin|S]]: ''[[Mirkwood|Eryn Galen]]'') until the Shadow of the influence of Sauron fell on it. It was named the [[Eryn Lasgalen|Wood of Greenleaves]] ([[Sindarin|S]]: ''[[Eryn Lasgalen]]'') when the shadow was lifted after the defeat of Sauron.

== Geography ==
Mirkwood seems to have had much the same boundaries as it did at the end of the Third Age for most of its history. It was roughly rectangular in shape: stretching from the foothills of the [[Grey Mountains]] in the north to the [[North Undeep]] in the south, and from the east edge of the vale of [[Anduin]] to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].

It was bisected by the ancient [[Old Forest Road]]. Later, when this road became unusable, a second path through the forest was made to the north. Between the two paths lay the [[Mountains of Mirkwood]]. The [[Forest River]] cut through the forest's northern end from its source in the western Grey Mountains, joined in the centre by the [[Enchanted River]] which flowed north from the Mountains of Mirkwood.
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Map of Wilderland.jpg|thumb|right|Map of [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]] by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] showing the northern part of Mirkwood.]]
South of the Old Forest road the [[East Bight]] created the ''Narrows of the Forest'', only one hundred miles across. South and west of the narrows was the a hill called [[Amon Lanc]].

== History ==
Originally called Greenwood the Great, the forest may have once formed part of the vast primeval woodland which covered most of [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Years of the Trees]], possibly linked to Lothlórien across the Anduin.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}} p. 252</ref> The [[Eldar]] passed through the area on their [[Great Journey|journey]] to [[Valinor]] and it was first populated at this time by the [[Nandor]]. Unwilling to cross the [[Misty Mountains]], these Elves settled also in the wooded valleys of the river Anduin. They multiplied and were joined by wandering [[Avari]], becoming known as Silvan or Wood-elves.

The Old Forest Road was constructed very early in Greenwood's history by the [[Durin's Folk|Longbeard]] [[Dwarves]] to carry traffic between their territory in the Misty Mountains to [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], and the [[Iron Hills]].This road would be later abandoned as the [[Orcs]] of the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Grey Mountains]] took [[Mount Gundabad|Gundabad]] and the surrounding region, cutting off communication between Khazad-dûm and the Iron Hills and Erebor.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref>

=== Second Age ===
In around the year {{SA|750}}, the [[Sindar|Sinda]] prince, [[Oropher]], removed from [[Lindon]] to Greenwood where he was taken by the Silvan Elves as their lord. This forested region to the east of the [[Anduin]] is where [[Silvan Elves]], of [[Nandor]] descent and the [[Avari]], lived.<ref>{{PM|Second}}</ref> Oropher built his halls at [[Amon Lanc]] and was accepted as the leader of the Wood-elves of Greenwood, later the [[Elves of Mirkwood]], forming the [[Woodland Realm]].

=== Third Age ===
The first millennium of the Third Age probably saw the creation of the East Bight by men living in the eastern eaves of the forest. These men may have formed part of the [[Rhovanion|Kingdom of Rhovanion]] led by [[Vidugavia]]. Men, such as the [[Éothéod]], and [[Hobbits]] also lived in the vale of Anduin and were likely responsible for the retreat of the forest's western border.

At the beginning of the Third Age, [[Thranduil]] replaced [[Oropher]] as king of the Woodland Realm. Probably as a result of massive losses at the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] the Silvan population of Greenwood was diminished and became mainly concentrated in the hills then known as [[Mountains of Mirkwood|Emyn Duir]]. At the beginning of the second millennium of the Third Age, a mysterious being came to Amon Lanc in the south of Greenwood the Great, and there built the stronghold known as [[Dol Guldur]]; "hill of sorcery." This was the magician known as the Necromancer, who was later revealed to be none other than Sauron himself, and from his fortress tower a shadow of nightshade began to spread across the woodlands. The story of Sauron's darkening of Greenwood the Great mirrors events in the [[First Age]], when he occupied the highland forests of [[Dorthonion]], north of [[Beleriand]]. That region, too, fell under his shadow, and was also known as [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]]. From that time on, the Elves came to refer to the Greenwood as Taur-nu-Fuin, the forest under nightshade, rendered into the [[Mannish]] tongue as 'Mirkwood'.

Around the [[Third Age 1636|same time]] as the [[Great Plague]] devastated [[Gondor]] and [[Eriador]], the [[Shadow]] grew deep in Greenwood and evil things reappeared. Later the wise noted this coincidence and considered it a sign of Sauron's return.<Ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

Indeed, by the time of [[Cirion]] (c. T.A. 2500), [[Dol Guldur]] controlled the [[Balchoth]], a tribe of [[Easterlings]] who dwelt east of Mirkwood; often they made raids through the forest up to the [[Vales of Anduin]], until they were all but deserted, until [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant|defeated]].<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref>
[[File:Alan Lee - The Elvenking's Gate.jpg|thumb|''The Elvenking's Gate'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
Sauron's arrival caused a darkening of Greenwood, and at this point it became known as Mirkwood. The children of [[Shelob]], giant [[spiders]], as well as bats and orcs in Dol Guldur's service occupied the forest and it became thicker, darker and covered in cobwebs.<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref>

This caused Thranduil to lead the Silvan population of Mirkwood to migrate north for the las time, north of the forest river. The Wood-elves specifically dwell apparently exclusively in the [[Elvenking's Halls]] at the eastern end of the Forest River. The ancient Old Forest Road was abandoned by men and Dwarves alike, with a new but seldom used path being made further from Dol Guldur and the Hobbits near the forest's eastern border migrated away.

Mirkwood remained a place of fear throughout the Third Age, though the kingdoms of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] and [[Dale]] flourished briefly in the time of the [[King under the Mountain|Kings under the Mountain]]. This prosperity was ended by the arrival of the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Smaug]] who brought yet further desolation to the area north-eastern Mirkwood. Small homesteads of 'Woodmen' are also recorded as living in the western edge of the forest south of the old road in {{TA|2941|n}}.<ref>{{HM|H}}, "Map of Wilderland"</ref>

In {{TA|2850|n}}, [[Gandalf]] visited Mirkwood and entered Dol Guldur, this time in secret. The Grey Pilgrim discovered that the Necromancer was none other than Sauron, who had regained his powers, millennia after the Battle of Dagorlad.<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2850, p. 1088</ref>

[[File:Galadriel dol guldur bfmeII.JPG|thumb|left|Galadriel casts down the walls of Dol Guldur]]
In {{TA|2941}}, as [[Thorin and Company]], were going on the [[Quest of Erebor]], the shadow over Mirkwood was lifted, albeit temporarily. While Thorin and Company were journeying to Erebor, the [[White Council]], prompted by the [[Wizards|Wizard]] [[Gandalf]]'s discovery of the true identity of Sauron drove him from Dol Guldur. Gandalf also planned the successful [[Quest of Erebor]], which resulted in the slaying of Smaug in the same year. The combination of these two events allowed the re-established kingdoms of Erebor and Dale and the flourishing of the Woodland Realm and of a confederacy of Woodmen led by the [[Beornings]]. The Darkness of Mirkwood was lifted for a while.

Only ten years after these events in {{TA|2951}} Sauron, now based in [[Mordor]], sent [[Khamûl]] and two other [[Nazgûl]] to reoccupy Dol Guldur.<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2951, p. 1089</ref>

On 21 March {{TA|3018|n}}, [[Aragorn]] who had captured [[Gollum]] in the [[Dead Marshes]] arrived with Gollum in Mirkwood.<ref>{{UT|Other}}</ref>

Two days later, on 23 March {{TA|3018|n}}, Gandalf arrived in Mirkwood<ref name=Note6>{{UT|Other}} note 6</ref> and began to interrogate Gollum.<ref>{{UT|Other}} and note 4</ref>

On 29 March {{TA|3018|n}}, Gandalf left Mirkwood.<ref name=Note6/>

On 20 June, Orcs attacked the Elves of Mirkwood and Gollum was able to escape from his captivity.<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3018, June 20, p. 1093</ref> Afterwards Legolas leaves Mirkwood to travel to Rivendell to attend the Council of Elrond and to report that Gollum has escaped.<ref>{{FR|Council}}, p. 255</ref>

On 11, 15 and 22 March {{TA|3019|n}},<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 11, March 15 and March 22, pp. 1093-1094</ref> forces from Dol Guldur assaulted the realm of Lórien, but they were repulsed each time because of the valor of the Elves of Lórien and by the power of Galadriel, but the woods on the borders of Lórien were seriously damaged.<ref name=Great>{{App|Great}}, p. 1094</ref>

On 15 March {{TA|3019|n}}, the day of the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] in front of Minas Tirith,<ref>{{App|Great}}, entry for the year 3019, March 15, p. 1094</ref> forces from Dol Guldur invaded the realm of Thranduil in Mirkwood. Thranduil defeated the forces of Dol Guldur in a long battle under the trees during which there was great damage through by fire.<ref name=Great/>

On 28 March {{TA|3019|n}},<ref>{{App|Chief}}, entry for the year 3019, March 28, p. 1095</ref> the host of the Elves of [[Lórien]] led by [[Celeborn]] crossed the Anduin in boats and conquered Dol Guldur. Galadriel destroyed the walls of Dol Guldur and uncovered its pits and the forest was cleansed.<ref name=Great/>

On 6 April {{TA|3019|n}},<ref>{{App|Chief}}, entry for the year 3019, April 6, p. 1095</ref> Celeborn and Thranduil met in the middle of Mirkwood and gave it the new name ''Eryn Lasgalen'', The Wood of Greenleaves. They divided the forest between them so that the realm of Thranduil encompassed the northern part of the wood down to the [[Mountains of Mirkwood]] and that the realm of Celeborn encompassed the southern part of the wood south of the [[Narrows of the Forest]], which was named East Lórien by Celeborn. Thranduil and Celeborn gave all the wide forest between the Mountains of Mirkwood and the Narrows of the Forest to the [[Beornings]] and the [[Woodmen]].<ref name=Great/>

=== Fourth Age ===
Though initially they prospered as the darkness was lifted, the elves of the Wood of Greenleaves were destined either to depart for Valinor or fade into rustic forest spirits. The forest probably then ultimately fell under the dominion of Men, the descendants of the Beornings and the men of Dale.

== Etymology ==
''Mirkwood'' is an English name, which means "gloomy wood". It is a combination of "mirk" and "wood".<ref name=L289>{{L|289}}</ref>

== Other names ==
''Eryn Galen'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, which means "Greenwood". Paul Strack suggests that it is a combination of ''[[eryn]]'' ("wood") and the [[lenition|lenited]] form ''galen'' of ''[[calen]]'' ("green").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-1914672065.html|articlename=S. ''Eryn Galen'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=25 November 2022}}</ref>

''Taur e-Ndaedelos'' is a [[Sindarin]] name,<ref name=Taur>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3937677453.html|articlename=S. ''Taur e-Ndaedelos'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=25 November 2022}}</ref> which means "forest of the great fear".<ref>{{App|Translation}}, p. 1134</ref> Paul Strack suggests that it is a combination of ''[[taur]]'' ("forest"), ''[[en]]'' ("of the") and ''daedelos'' ("horrible fear").<ref name=Taur/>

''Taur-nu-Fuin'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, which means "Mirkwood" or "Forest under Night(shade)". Paul Strack suggests that it is a combination of ''[[taur]]'' ("forest"), ''[[nu]]'' ("under") and ''[[fuin]]'' ("night" or "nightshade").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-2976540083.html|articlename=S. ''Taur-nu-Fuin'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=25 November 2022}}</ref>

''Eryn Lasgalen'' is a [[Sindarin]] name,<ref name=Eryn>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-703513105.html|articlename=S. ''Eryn Lasgalen'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=25 November 2022}}</ref> which means "Wood of Greenleaves".<ref>{{App|Great}}, p. 1094</ref> Paul Strack suggests that it is a combination of ''[[eryn]]'' ("wood"), ''[[lass]]'' ("leaf") and the [[lenition|lenited]] form ''galen'' of ''[[calen]]'' ("green").<ref name=Eryn/>

==Inspiration==
''Mirkwood'' is the Anglicized form of the Norse name ''[[wikipedia:Myrkviðr|Myrkviðr]]'' or ''mirkiwidu'', originally hailing from [[Poetic Edda|Eddaic poems]]. Myrkviðr was the name of a "dark boundary-forest ... the great forest that divided the land of the Goths from the land of the Huns".<ref>{{HM|SG}}, pp. 131, 227-8, 372</ref> In a letter to his grandson Michael, Tolkien wrote that the name "''Mirkwood'' was not his invention but was probably the Primitive Germanic name of the great mountainous forest regions that anciently formed a barrier to the south of the lands of Germanic expansions and in some traditions became used especially for the boundary between Goths and Huns. He then continues to discuss the origin of the name in very early German ''mirkiwidu'' writings.<ref name=L289/>

Projected into Old English, the term appears as ''Myrcwudu'' in Tolkien's ''[[The Lost Road]]'', as a poem sung by [[Ælfwine]]:<ref>{{HM|LR}}: "The Lost Road: (iii) The unwritten chapters": ''[[King Sheave]]'' and note to line 150</ref>
<poem style="font-style:italic; margin-left:20px;">
Sea-danes and Goths, Swedes and Northmen,
Franks and Frisians, folk of the islands,
Swordmen and Saxons, Swabes and English,
and the Langobards who long ago
beyond Myrcwudu a mighty realm
and wealth won them in the Welsh countries
where Ælfwine Eadwine's heir
in Italy was king. All that has passed.
</poem>

The name ''Mirkwood'' was also used by [[William Morris]] in his novel ''[[The House of the Wolfings]]'' ([[1888]]).<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 13</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Mirkwood in adaptations
|height=150
|width=250
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Bilbo and the butterflies in the canopy of Mirkwood.jpg|Mirkwood in [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings War in the North - Mirkwood-1-.jpg|Mirkwood in [[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]
}}

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:Mirkwood is the setting of two large chapters of the game: the first one involves rescuing of Dwarves from the Spiders, while the second covers the Halls of King [[Thranduil]] and subsequent escape.

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''
:Several missions of both good and evil campaigns take place in Mirkwood. In the Evil campaign, the [[Witch-King]] is reclaiming [[Dol Guldur]] for Sauron, while in the Good campaign [[Legolas]] and elven archers pursue the escaped [[Gollum]].

'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''
:Mirkwood is one the battlefields for the non-storyline engagements.

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''
:Mirkwood makes appearance in both Good campaign and non-storyline skirmishes, in both cases the map is very different from the one in the first game.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Southern Mirkwood and Dol Guldur are the setting of the game's second expansion, ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Siege of Mirkwood]]''. In its storyline, Celeborn and Galadriel organize a military campaign against Dol Guldur while the Fellowship still resides in Lothlorien (not to be confused with the later battle during the War of the Ring). The announced goal is to saw chaos into Orc forces by destroying as many of their troops, weapons and supplies as possible, to delay an inevitable assault upon Lothlorien. The true purpose, however, is to distract the Eye of Sauron from the company departing down the shores of Anduin. An assault by the Golden Host of the Galadhrim is successful despite minor losses and after establishing multiple camps throughout southern Mirkwood arrives at the walls of the fortress itself. However, without the White Lady they do not have the means of bringing down the walls, so the Elves prepare to swiftly fall back beyond Anduin before the main forces of the Enemy arrive.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Mirkwood is the setting of one the missions in the game, where [[Eradan]], [[Farin]] and [[Andriel]] have to rescue [[Radagast|Radagast the Brown]] from a giant spider.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:Mirkwood is featured in the [[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug|second Hobbit film]], with its scenes being shot both on set in the studio and on location.

== See also ==
*[[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)]]
{{references}}
{{companyroute}}
[[Category:Forests]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[de:Düsterwald]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/forets/rhovanion/foret_noire]]
[[fi:Synkmetsä]]

Helm's Deep

2023-06-08T12:33:16Z

Nightkite: Rewrote, referenced and corrected the article.

{{cleanup}}
{{disambig-more|Helm's Deep|[[Helm's Deep (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location infobox
| name=Helm's Deep
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Helm's Deep and the Hornburg.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Helm's Deep and the Hornburg" by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| location=Northern side of [[White Mountains]]
| type=Valley
| description=
| regions=[[Westfold]] of [[Rohan]]
| towns=
| inhabitants=[[Gondorians]], later [[Rohirrim]]
| created=
| destroyed=
| events=[[Battle of the Hornburg|Battle of Helm's Deep]]
}}
'''Helm’s Deep''' was a [[Deeping-coomb|gorge]] in the north-west [[White Mountains]] on the far side of the Westfold Vale, below the [[Thrihyrne]]. It also referred to the whole defensive system, including the [[Deeping Wall]] and the fortress known as the [[Hornburg]].<ref name=":0">''J.R.R Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, “Helm’s Deep”''</ref>

==Geography and description==
The entire width of the valley was guarded by a trench and rampart called [[Helm's Dike]]; behind the Dike lay the [[Hornburg]]. A large rampart known as the [[Deeping Wall]] blocked the valley: it was a solid stone wall save for a wide culvert at the base that allowed the [[Deeping-stream]] to pass through. The [[Glittering Caves]] was located behind Helm’s Deep, under the Thrihyrne.<ref name=":0" />

==History==
In the [[Second Age]], the Glittering Caves behind Helm’s Deep were explored by [[Númenóreans]], although it is unclear exactly when and by whom.<ref>''J.R.R Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, “Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age”, p.291''</ref>

Originally, the fortress was built by [[Gondor|Gondorians]] in the days of the glory of the Kings of Gondor. Later, after swathes of Gondorian regions, such as [[Calenardhon]], were depopulated, what was previously known as Aglarond was granted to the [[Éothéod]]; it became an encampment of the [[Rohirrim]] of the [[Westfold]], and was used in later years to guard the [[Gap of Rohan]].<ref>''J.R.R Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, “The House of Eorl”, p. 1064''</ref>

During the war against the [[Dunlendings]] and [[Wulf|Wulf's]] usurpation of Rohan, [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]] took refuge in the keep, where they held out under siege during the [[Long Winter]] of [[Third Age|T.A.]] [[Third Age 2758|2758]]–[[Third Age 2759|2759]]. After Helm’s death, the fortification was renamed Helm’s Deep.<ref>''J.R.R Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, “The House of Eorl”, p. 1066''</ref>

At the time of the [[War of the Ring]], Helm’s Deep became the refuge of some of the Rohirrim under [[Théoden|King Théoden]]. The keep fell under siege and was breached by [[Saruman|Saruman's]] Uruk-hai, and subsequently the [[Battle of the Hornburg]] was fought. After the battle, the [[Huorns]] laid the slain [[Uruk-hai]] in a mound known after as the [[Death Down]]. The [[Dunlendings]] allied with Saruman were buried more honourably in a separate mound below the Dike.<ref>''J.R.R Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, “Helm’s Deep”''</ref> <ref>''J.R.R Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, “The Road to Isengard”''</ref>

==Portrayal in Adaptions==
'''''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]''''' by [[Peter Jackson]]

The keep was filmed at [[Dry Creek Quarry|Dry Creek]], an active quarry in the Wellington region of New Zealand’s North Island.<ref>Shaw-Williams, H., 2022. ''/Film.'' [Online] Available at: <nowiki>https://www.slashfilm.com/1125056/the-truly-epic-story-of-how-the-battle-of-helms-deep-was-filmed/</nowiki>

</ref>

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Fortresses]]
[[Category:Rohan]]
[[Category:Valleys]]
[[Category:White Mountains]]
[[de:Helms Klamm]]
[[fi:Helmin syvänne]]

Ingold

2023-06-05T08:14:06Z

Nightkite: I rewrote the article to try to make more sense and match Tolkien Gateway's standards.

{{rewrite}}
{{gondorian infobox
| name=Ingold
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game - Ingold.jpg|250px]]
| caption=Ingold from [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=Soldier
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Late [[Third Age]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=Cloak
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ingold''' was a soldier of [[Gondor]] during the [[War of the Ring]].

==History==
At the time of the [[War of the Ring]], Ingold was the leader of a guard of [[Gondorians|Gondorian]] soldiers posted at the [[Forannest]], the northern gate of [[Rammas Echor]], the encircling wall of [[Pelennor Fields]]. They were repairing the wall on 8 March, when [[Gandalf]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] with Ingold’s permission passed into the townlands of [[Minas Tirith]] on their journey from [[Rohan]] to the city of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{RK|MT}}</ref>

Less than five days after Gandalf had passed through, an army from the [[Rhûn|East]] had crossed the River [[Anduin]] and broke the Rammas. Ingold’s guard was the last to escape from the host, reporting to Minas Tirith that the northward road had been taken by the enemy. Due to Ingold’s news, it was thought that the [[Rohirrim]] could not come to Gondor’s aid.<ref>{{RK|Siege}}</ref>

==Etymology==
'''''[[Ingoldo]]''''', or ''i·[[Noldor|Ñoldo]]'', was the [[Amilessë|mothername]] of both [[Finarfin]] and his son [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]]. It became a frequently given name in [[Númenor]]; in the [[Third Age]] in Gondor, it was shortened to '''Ingold''' under influence of [[Westron]].<ref>{{PM|XINotes}}, p. 360, note 30</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
{{Gallery
|title=Ingold in adaptations
|width=200
|height=150
|lines=2
|File:The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game - Ingold.jpg|Ingold from [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Ingold.jpg|Ingold in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''
}}

'''2001-2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''
:A Decipher card identifies one of the Gondorians of [[Minas Tirith]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' as Ingold.

'''2015: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Ingold is first met defending the northern gate of [[Rammas Echor]] where he tasks the player with slowing the enemy's advance and repelling the attacks on the wall, but eventually retreats to [[Minas Tirith]]. After the downfall of [[Sauron]] he becomes part of [[Gondor]]ian army tasked with entering the Black Land and dealing with the evil that remains within. After King [[Elessar]] charges Steward [[Faramir]] with cleansing the evil of [[Minas Morgul]], Ingold and his men traverse the plateau of [[Gorgoroth]] and enter the [[Morgul Vale]] from the east.

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[category:Dúnedain]]
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]