Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Forums:Articles disappearing

2016-04-22T11:05:44Z

Palantirion:

{{Counciltop}}



In addition to several edits, I've also created a couple of articles, but they seem to have disappeared today. One was for the singer Eurielle who has done some stunning Tolkien-related songs, and another was an article regarding the Fourth Age: Total War to go into the modifications (games) section alongside the other Total War mods in there. I may have made some minor format errors (I'm still learning) but I'm pretty sure I got them at least 99% correct.

What's going on?

p.s. I still cannot upload images, although I do seem to be able to embed videos!

:The articles disappeared... they were deleted. The Eurielle article was deemed not relevant to TG, while the Fourth Age: Total War article looked copied, was not written in the correct style, and had some major npov issues. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 13:46, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

1. Perhaps a note before deletion might have given me a chance to make corrections? I had not taken a copy of the FATW article before it was removed and hope I have not lost it all. The article was not copied. I tried to follow the same format as the Third Age mod's article.

2. What is the criteria, then, for "singers"? Must they be associated with official products sanctioned by Tolkien rights holders?

Thanks.

::Although I do not know anything of the articles in question, when you are going to create a brand new page or extensively re-write a page, you should build it in your sandbox first. That way if something happens, you have a copy of your work in your sandbox history. It also gives you a chance to work with material over time and get the format right. To make your own sandbox page just go to http://tolkiengateway.net/User:YourName/Sandbox and you can create it from there. Also, when you are writing anywhere like talk pages, forums, or whatever, indent your reply with colons and sign everything. Like <nowiki>--~~~~</nowiki> or use the pen icon next to the chainlink. --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 02:19, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

I set up another article for the Fourth Age: Total War mod, using the Lord of the Rings Total War article as a base and it has been deleted. I improved upon the base article and kept it short so as to not fall foul of any other issues. I am a Tolkien fan, have knowledge in certain related areas, and know my grammar, punctuation and spelling (as you will see from my other edits to the wiki). The base article for LOTR:TW has gross errors in it and yet remains up. Why? Surely anyone could see that if my contribution was not good enough, then that one was not good enough either? I don't understand what measures you guys are using. And it's a pity because the mod you just deleted is the one that would appeal the most to Tolkien purists (being based on the books and very particular about lore accuracy - not to mention that it also contains a lot of encyclopaedic information and is the oldest and most polished of just about any modification for that series).

Guys, I give up. You've lost a contributor.

Forums:Articles disappearing

2016-04-16T14:04:06Z

Palantirion:

Forums:Articles disappearing

2016-04-16T13:24:09Z

Palantirion: Created page with "{{Counciltop}}  In addition to several edits, I've also created a couple of articles, but they seem to have disappeared today. One was for..."

Ring of Isengard

2016-04-16T09:53:18Z

Palantirion:

{{disambig-more|Isengard|[[Isengard (disambiguation)]]}}
The '''Ring of Isengard''' refers to the rocky walls that surrounded and protected the [[Orthanc|Tower of Orthanc]]. They grew out of the wall of a valley at the southern end of the [[Misty Mountains]], and were worked by the early [[Gondorians]] so that they formed a complete defensive circle around the tower. They were torn down by the Ents to make way for the [[Treegarth of Orthanc]] at the end of the Third Age.

[[Category:Walls]]

[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:gondor:cercle_d_isengard]]
[[fi:Rautapihan kehä]]

Ring of Isengard

2016-04-16T09:51:32Z

Palantirion: added that they were torn down by the Ents.

{{disambig-more|Isengard|[[Isengard (disambiguation)]]}}
The '''Ring of Isengard''' refers to the rocky walls that surrounded and protected the [[Orthanc|Tower of Orthanc]]. They grew out of the wall of a valley at the southern end of the [[Misty Mountains]], and were worked by the early [[Gondorians]] so that they formed a complete defensive circle around the tower. They were torn down by the Ents to make way for the [[Treegarth of Orthanc]] at the beginning of the Fourth Age.

[[Category:Walls]]

[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:gondor:cercle_d_isengard]]
[[fi:Rautapihan kehä]]

Forums:How to upload images?

2016-04-01T15:32:32Z

Palantirion:

{{Counciltop}}



I've been playing about in my sandbox and cannot for the life of me work out how to add upload an image/file. The help text tells me to select "upload image" from the toolbox or in the editor, but there is no such feature. I've been exploring this for about an hour. I must be stupid because I just can't see anything at all...

What's the secret?

Thanks.

:"Upload file" in the left rail. Make sure you read the [[Tolkien Gateway:Image policy|image policy]] first. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:02, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

Can you be a bit more specific? I cannot see it.

::Hi there. I think you just need to look on the left hand panel a little more closely. But once you find the "Upload file" link, read the Image directions carefully. I kept having to edit my image uploads due to mistakes, so to save you that trouble here are some basic steps that I learned from Mith and other admin.

::If it is your own personal picture, you can click "Upload file" under Toolbox (center of the left hand panel), browse for your image, upload it, name it exactly how you want for the Destination filename (you can include special characters, too), and for the Summary description you can include whatever because it's your picture.

::From the drop down menu, select the license type, if it's just your own picture like your face, pictures of your bookcase, or whatever, select "Own work under GFDL". Always select an image appropriate license type see, Help:Images.

::If the picture is from another artist and you have their '''permission''', in writing, including the name they want their art listed under and what website (if any) they want it linked to, you have to do the following steps when you upload it:

::1. Create (if needed) and complete a Tolkien_Gateway:Copyrights/ArtistName page (if you need help, look at how other pages were made or ask, and to check if they already have one see: Tolkien_Gateway:Copyrights)

::2. Follow the directions above for selecting and properly naming the image, and in the Summary box, see Licensing below or 'File licensing templates' for exactly what to write.

::3. Select '''permission granted''' from the license drop down menu, you will not need to edit it again because that info will show up automatically from your description summary. Fill in the variables as needed. You may only need two categories 'Images by Artist' and 'Images of Character Name', but if you need more, add another in the same way.

::This is what I write in the Summary box of an artist's image when I am going to upload it:
::== Licensing ==
::<nowiki>{{Copyright-permission|ARTIST|[AristURL(Space)DeviantArt]|ARTIST}}</nowiki>
::<nowiki>[[Category:Images by ARTIST]]</nowiki>
::<nowiki>[[Category:Images of CHARACTER]]</nowiki>

::DeviantArt can be replaced by anything like WordPress, Tumblr, Facebook, or whatever. I think that's everything for the two basic types of image uploads, but you can always follow-up with an admin. Most of the information is in the help files. Please sign your posts so it's timestamped and linked to your name. Press the Pen icon next to the chain links. --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 19:27, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

Thank you. I have copyright over the images.

However, my problem is that I cannot see any "upload file" button or link anywhere. The left panel lists Navigation, Toolbox and Personal Tools with no subheadings of any relevance. The Toolbox subheadings are: What links here, Related changes, and Special pages. {{unsigned|Palantirion}}

:Ah, that explains it. I think you're not autoconfirmed yet. New users have limited privileges, as a security measure. I think you need four days and 10 edits. --{{User:Ederchil/sig}} 20:12, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

::Hooray! Problem solved. While you're waiting, go fix some stuff. :) --[[User:Elf-esteem|Elf-esteem]] 20:18, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

lol. Thnaks.

Yes, the first thing I shall correct is the help article to include that bit of quite important information... ;)

I've made ten contributions (not including these posts, of course) and have been a member for 5 days. Still no option to add images... :(

Wargs

2016-03-31T21:47:13Z

Palantirion: /* Etymology and names */ pronunciation

{{race infobox
| name=Wargs
| image=[[File:John Howe - Wargs.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Wargs" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Wild Wolves
| origin=
| location=Anduin Vale, [[Misty Mountains]]
| affiliation=[[Sauron]], [[Orcs]]
| rivalry=
| language=
| people=
| members=
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
{{quote|So here you all are still! ... Not eaten up by Wargs or goblins or wicked bears yet I see|[[Beorn]]}}<ref name=Queer/>
'''Wargs''' or '''Wild Wolves'''<ref name=H17/> were a race of evil [[wolves]]<ref name=H6/>, as called by the [[Northmen]] of Rhovanion.<ref name=L297/>

==Characteristics==
Wargs were an evil breed of [[Demons|demonic]] wolves,<ref name=L297>{{L|297}}</ref><ref name=Gene>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "[[Letter to Gene Wolfe]]" (letter)</ref> suggesting that they were inhabited by evil spirits. The origin of the breed is unknown - perhaps they were among the creatures bred by [[Morgoth]] in the [[Elder Days]].<ref>{{HM|MB}}, p. 218</ref> In any case, [[Gandalf]] listed the Wargs among [[Sauron]]'s servants in the late [[Third Age]].<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref>

The Wargs were seen in [[Rhovanion]] and they were often allied with the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]], and used as mounts. Wargs were sentient and used a tongue, the "''[[Warg-language|dreadful language of the Wargs]]''".<ref name=H6/>

==History==
[[File:Ron Walotsky - Wargs.jpg|thumb|left|Ron Walotsky - ''Wargs'']]
In {{TA|2941}}, the Wargs appeared once to meet the [[Orcs|Goblins]] and organize a raid to the nearby villages, in order to drive the [[Woodmen]] out and capture some slaves. As a pack of Wargs approached east of the [[Misty Mountains]] to meet them, [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Gandalf]], and [[Thorin and Company]] were escaping the goblins. Gandalf seeing the pack coming, suggested to climb the trees and [[Dori]] helped Bilbo in the nick of time.

The Wargs, thinking that the Dwarves are allies of the Woodmen, surrounded the glade and didn't let them descend. Gandalf then used his [[magic]] to light up pinecones and hurl them against the Warg until he drove them out. The wolves that had caught fire fled into the forest and had set it alight in several places, since it was high summer, and on this eastern side of the mountains there had been little rain for some time. However the guards left under the trees did not go away. Eventually Goblins showed up and lit the trees the Dwarves were onto, until the [[Eagles]] came to rescue them.<ref name=H6>{{H|6}}</ref>

The Goblins and the Wargs insisted on looking for the band, since Gandalf had killed the [[Great Goblin]], and also burnt the chief wolf's nose. They went as far as [[Beorn]]'s homestead, but he caught a pair of them and stuck the goblin's head outside the gate and nailed the warg-skin to a tree just beyond<ref name=Queer>{{H|7}}</ref>

Wargs appeared once more, ridden by the Goblins, at the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref name=H17>{{H|17}}</ref> After this, the Wargs had vanished from the woods, so that men went abroad without fear.<ref>{{H|18}}</ref>

A band of Wargs, unaccompanied by Orcs, attacked the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] in [[Eregion|Hollin]].<ref>{{FR|II4}}</ref>

==Etymology and names==
[[J.R.R. Tolkien]] derived the word ''warg'' from [[Old English]] ''wearg-'', Old High German ''warg-'', and [[Old Norse]] ''varg''-r., all of these terms literally translating to ''strangler'', ''choker''.<ref name=Gene/><ref>[[Douglas A. Anderson]], ''[[The Annotated Hobbit: Revised and Expanded Edition]]'', pp. 146-7, note 9</ref> The word specifically is understood to be [[Northern Mannish]] which "caught on" throughout the [[Westlands]].<ref>{{L|250}}</ref>

While Norse ''vargr'' was a common synonym for ''wolf'', Old English ''wearg'' was used only for an outlaw or hunted criminal.<ref>{{HM|SG}}, "Appendix C: Old English Poem of Attila", p. 373 (note 37)</ref>

These origins of the word suggest that the "arg" in Warg is pronounced as in "bargain" rather than the oft heard "worg".

In a list of Old English equivalents of [[Elvish]] words, ''[[Balrogs#Etymology|Balrog]]'' is glossed as having the equivalent ''Bealuwearg''. As noted by [[Christopher Tolkien]], the Old English word contains the elements ''bealu'' ("evil"; as in ''bale(ful)'') and ''wearg'' ("wolf, outlaw"; whence the ''Wargs'').<ref>{{SM|QA1}}, p. 209</ref>

==Inspiration and influences==
In Old Norse mythology, wargs (''vargr'', a synonym for "wolf", ''ulfr'') are in particular the wolf [[wikipedia:Fenrir|Fenrir]] and his sons [[wikipedia:Skoll|Skoll]] and [[wikipedia:Hati|Hati]].

Tolkien mentioned in a letter that the episode of wargs in ''[[The Hobbit]]'' was "''in part derived from a scene''" in [[Wikipedia:Samuel Rutherford Crockett|S. R. Crockett]]'s novel ''[[The Black Douglas]]''.<ref>{{L|306}}</ref>

Tolkien also noted that [[Gene Wolfe]], one of his readers, seems to have picked up his concept of the Wargs, which occurs in Wolfe's science fiction short story "Trip, Trap" (1967): "''There was also what looked like a very big wild dog or wolf, a'' Warg".<ref name=L297/><ref name=MB2257>{{HM|MB}}, p. 225, note 7</ref> [[John D. Rateliff]] has further commented that Tolkien's Wargs were likely influential on the creation of the wolf-like beasts ''[[Wikipedia:Worg (Dungeons & Dragons)|worgs]]'' in later literature related to [[Dungeons and Dragons|Dungeons & Dragons]] and in other fantasy worlds.<ref name=MB2257/>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
<gallery>File:The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - Warg.jpg|A Warg in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]
File:The Hobbit - An Unexpected Journey - Warg.jpg|A Warg in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]</gallery>

===Films===
'''1977: ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Wargs are seen as large wolves ridden by Goblins. They do not have a fear of fire.

'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:Wargs appear to be more like a "hyena-bear-wolf hybrid" rather than wolves, in an effort to distinguish them from regular wolves by presenting them as some sort of distant cousin. However, it should be noted that Tolkien never actually described Wargs beyond stating they were demonic wolves.

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:The Wargs are visually more wolf-like than in the preceding [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' films]]. They are mentioned to be from [[Gundabad]] and are ridden by [[Orcs]] under [[Azog]] who hunt Thorin and Co. Azog himself rides an enormous white-haired Warg.

===Games===
'''1982-1997: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:Classified as Undead Beings, the Wargs are said to be bred from cursed wolves, inhabited by an evil spirit, "''being artificially long-lived''", and that their "''body dissipates when slain''". The Wargs are described as being larger, fiercer, and more intelligent than normal wolves.<ref>{{ICE|2012}}, p. 129</ref><ref>{{ICE|2016}}, p. 151</ref>

'''1995-8: ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game]]'':'''
:Wargs are a Hazard Creature. Different factions of Wargs are the ''Wargs of the Forochel'' and the ''Misty Mountain Wargs'', and related minions are the ''War-warg'' and ''The Warg-king''.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:Wargs are taller and darker than regular wolves, but due to the progression in the game, pose less of a threat; whereas wolves are only encountered by a stick-wielding [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], wargs appear only in levels in which the player is [[Gandalf]] or [[Aragorn]].

'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''
:Wargs are portrayed a large wolves. They only appear in cutscenes, and are non-fightable.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Non-player (NPC, computer controlled) wargs are found in a number of areas of Middle-earth. Players can play a warg in the Player-versus-Player (PvP) area of the [[Ettenmoors]] once the player reaches level ten. Wargs in Lord of the Rings Online have the ability to stealth and sneak up to attack players.

:The appearance of wargs vary from zone to zone for NPC wargs and from rank to rank for player controlled wargs. They all look like very large wolves with broad shoulders. They range in color from white to grey to black. Many of them have black eyes but some of the stronger wargs have red eyes.

==See also==
*[[:Category:Images of Wargs|Images of Wargs]]
{{references}}
{{wolves}}

[[de:Warge]]
[[fr:encyclo/biologie/faune/wargs]]
[[fi:Hukat]]
[[Category:Other races]]
[[Category:Wolves]]

Isumbras Took II

2016-03-31T09:44:26Z

Palantirion: Added source 3 regarding Sir Isumbras

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Isumbras Took II
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Thain]] of [[the Shire]]
| position=
| location=[[The Shire]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=between {{SR|1}} and {{SR|1101}}
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=[[Took Family|Took]]
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}

'''Isumbras Took II'''<ref group=note>The existence of this character can only be deduced based on the ordinals in [[Appendix C]], "Took of Great Smials". There is an Isumbras III, and [[Isumbras Took I|Isumbras I]] was mentioned as the first [[thain]] from the [[Took Family]]. No II is recorded in the incomplete family tree.</ref> was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[The Shire|the Shire]].

==History==
Isumbras presumably lived in the first millennium of the [[Shire Reckoning]] during which he became [[Thain]], sometime after [[Isumbras Took I|Isumbras I]].<ref>{{App|Took}}</ref>

==Etymology==
"Isumbras" is of French and [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] origin and means "iron-arm". It comes from the French ''bras'' meaning "arm", and the Anglo-Saxon and Middle High German word ''[[isen]]'' which means "iron".<ref>[[Jim Allan]], ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', "Giving of Names"</ref>

[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] possibly got the name from ''[[wikipedia:Sir Isumbras|Sir Isumbras]]'', an English medieval romance about a man who suffers a lifetime of hardship but who finds happiness in his latter years.<ref>Harriet Hudson (ed.), ''Four Middle English Romances'', Medieval Institute Publications; 2 edition (November 1, 2006)</ref>

{{References|n}}
{{thains}}
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Thains]]
[[Category:Took]]
[[Category:Greco-Roman names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

Dinodas Brandybuck

2016-03-30T10:54:43Z

Palantirion: The Arthurian Name Dictionary put in italics

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Dinodas Brandybuck
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Buckland]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{SR|1316}}<ref name="Trees">{{PM|Trees}}, p. 103 & 105</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{SR|1410}}<ref name="Trees"/>
| deathlocation=
| age=94
| notablefor=
| family=[[Brandybuck Family|Brandybuck]]
| parentage=[[Gorbadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Mirabella Took]]
| siblings=[[Rorimac Brandybuck|Rorimac]], [[Amaranth Brandybuck|Amaranth]], [[Saradas Brandybuck|Saradas]], [[Dodinas Brandybuck|Dodinas]], [[Asphodel Brandybuck|Asphodel]] and [[Primula Brandybuck|Primula]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Dinodas Brandybuck''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]].

==History==
Dinodas was the sixth child and youngest son of [[Gorbadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Mirabella Took]]. He attended [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo's]] [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Farewell Party]].<ref>{{App|Brandybuck}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Like most male Brandybuck names, ''Dodinas'' is a [[Celtic]] name of unknown meaning. ''Dodynas'' and ''Dinodes'' are both alternate spellings of the Table Knight Sir Dodinas le Savage.<ref>Christopher W. Bruce (ed.), ''The Arthurian Name Dictionary'', entry for Dodinel (p. 148).</ref>
{{references}}

[[Category:Brandybuck]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Dinodas Brandybock]]
[[fi:Dinodas Rankkibuk]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hobbits:brandebouc:dinodas_brandebouc]]

Dinodas Brandybuck

2016-03-30T10:44:38Z

Palantirion: source for Dodinas name variations & correction of first alternate name.

{{hobbit infobox
| name=Dinodas Brandybuck
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Buckland]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{SR|1316}}<ref name="Trees">{{PM|Trees}}, p. 103 & 105</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{SR|1410}}<ref name="Trees"/>
| deathlocation=
| age=94
| notablefor=
| family=[[Brandybuck Family|Brandybuck]]
| parentage=[[Gorbadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Mirabella Took]]
| siblings=[[Rorimac Brandybuck|Rorimac]], [[Amaranth Brandybuck|Amaranth]], [[Saradas Brandybuck|Saradas]], [[Dodinas Brandybuck|Dodinas]], [[Asphodel Brandybuck|Asphodel]] and [[Primula Brandybuck|Primula]]
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Dinodas Brandybuck''' was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[the Shire]].

==History==
Dinodas was the sixth child and youngest son of [[Gorbadoc Brandybuck]] and [[Mirabella Took]]. He attended [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo's]] [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Farewell Party]].<ref>{{App|Brandybuck}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Like most male Brandybuck names, ''Dodinas'' is a [[Celtic]] name of unknown meaning. ''Dodynas'' and ''Dinodes'' are both alternate spellings of the Table Knight Sir Dodinas le Savage.<ref>Christopher W. Bruce (ed.), The Arthurian Name Dictionary, entry for Dodinel (p. 148).</ref>
{{references}}

[[Category:Brandybuck]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Dinodas Brandybock]]
[[fi:Dinodas Rankkibuk]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hobbits:brandebouc:dinodas_brandebouc]]

Sea of Rhûn

2016-03-30T09:57:38Z

Palantirion: /* Other versions of the Legendarium */ grammatical error corrected

{{disambig-more|Inland Sea|[[Inland Sea (disambiguation)]]}}
{{location
| image=
| name=Sea of Rhûn
| othernames=Eastern Sea
| etymology=[[Sindarin|S.]] ''[[rhûn]]'' "east"
| type=Inland Sea
| location=[[Rhûn]]
| inhabitants=
| realms=[[Rhûn]] ([[Easterlings]])
| description=Roughly shaped like an hourglass laid on its side
| events=
| references=
|}}
{{pronounce|Sindarin - Rhûn.mp3|Gilgamesh}}
The '''Sea of Rhûn''', or the '''Eastern Sea''', is a large saltwater lake or sea in the east of [[Middle-earth]].

The [[Kine of Araw]] was found near the Inland Sea.
==Geography==
The Sea of Rhûn covers roughly 400 square miles (1,000 km²). The [[River Running|Celduin]] (River Running) flows from the northwest into a northwestern arm of the sea, while several unnamed rivers flow from the northeastern shore. West of the Sea of Rhûn is the land of [[Dorwinion]] and roughly 200 miles (300 km) to the South is the eastern end of the [[Ered Lithui]].

The south-eastern part of the Sea was occupied by a small shallow island.
==History==
In the [[First Age]], the shores of the Inland Sea were populated by tribes of [[Men]] who were migrating to the [[West]]. The [[Lesser Folk]] got there first and dwelt at the feet of the nearby hills. The [[Greater Folk]] came later in the north-east woods near the shores. The Men crafted boats and could sail the sea, but they didn't meet often, and their languages soon diverged<ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref> before they resumed their journey to [[Beleriand]].

In the early [[Third Age]], the [[Kings of Gondor]] such as [[Rómendacil I]] campaigned to those lands. By the time of King [[Hyarmendacil I]], the Inland Sea formed one of the boundaries of [[Gondor]].<ref name=gondor/><ref group=note>It is not clear when exactly the eastern lands became part of Gondor; the Inland Sea is mentioned in that context during the time of the [[Ship-kings]], however those extended Gondor to the South, not to the East. It is possible therefore that the eastern lands had come in the possession of Gondor already in even earlier times.</ref>

[[Vorondil]] hunted the Kine of Araw near the shores of the Sea.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

During the time of [[Rómendacil II]], the Inland Sea was apparently within the borders of the power of [[Gondor]].
==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In the drafts for the ''[[Lord of the Rings]]'', the sea was called "Sea of Rhûnaen". In the earlier maps, part of the Sea was occupied by a heavily wooded island.<ref>{{TI|MII}}</ref> In the published maps by [[Christopher Tolkien]], the island is replaced by a dotted pattern.<ref>{{FR|Map}}</ref> The reason for this change and what it signifies was never specified by C. Tolkien. There is no trace of the unnamed island in [[Pauline Baynes]]'s ''[[A Map of Middle-earth]]''.

==Theories==
Christopher Tolkien and others have speculated that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] might "...be identified with the [[Sea of Helkar]], vastly shrunken" ([[The War of the Jewels]], pg. 174). [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] adopted this assumption in ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]''. In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' there are references to the Sea of Rhûn existing in the First Age, but no indication as to whether it should be equated with the Sea of Helkar or not.
{{references|note}}
[[Category:Rhovanion]]
[[Category:Seas and oceans]]

[[de:Meer von Rhûn]]
[[fi:Rhûnin Järvi]]
[[fr:/encyclo/geographie/eaux/mer_de_rhun]]

Tolkien Ensemble

2016-03-30T08:29:07Z

Palantirion: Added official site; corrected typo (worlds --> world's)

The '''Tolkien Ensemble''' (founded in 1995) is a Danish ensemble with the aim to create "the world's first complete musical interpretation of the poems and songs from [[The Lord of the Rings]]". They published four CDs from 1997 to 2005. The project was given approval by both the [[Tolkien Estate|Tolkien family]] and [[Harper Collins]] Publishers. Queen [[Margrethe II of Denmark]] gave permission to use her illustrations in the CD layout.

Permanent members were [[Caspar Reiff]] and Peter Hall (composition), Signe Asmussen (singing) and Morten Ryelund Sørensen (conductor).

==Discography==
* [[An Evening in Rivendell]] ([[1997]])
*:''Malene Nordtorp, Ole Jegindø Norup, Mads Thiemann, Morten Ernst Lassen, Commotio-Kvartetten choir, Polkageist.''
* [[A Night in Rivendell]] ([[2000]])
*:''Ulrik Cold, Kurt Ravn, Povl Dissing, Mads Thiemann, Morten Ernst Lassen, The Chamber Choir Hymnia.''
* [[At Dawn in Rivendell]] ([[2002]])
*:''Kurt Ravn, Morten Ernst Lassen, Peter Hall, Tom McEwan, Caspar Reiff, the Copenhagen Chamber Choir Camerata, Copenhagen Young Strings. Recitation by [[Christopher Lee]].''
* [[Leaving Rivendell]]: Selected songs and poems from the Lord of the Rings ([[2005]])
*:''Jørgen Ditlevsen, Kurt Ravn, Nick Keir, the Danish National Chamber Choir/DR, the Danish Radio Sinfonietta/DR. Recitation by Christopher Lee.''
* [[Complete Songs and Poems]] ([[2006]])
*:''A compilation of all of the previous albums''

==External links==
*[http://tolkien-ensemble.net Official Site]

[[Category:Bands]]
[[Category:Classical music]]

[[de:Tolkien Ensemble]]

The Atlas of Middle-earth

2016-03-28T14:37:54Z

Palantirion: Tuckborough error.

{{book
|title=The Atlas of Middle-Earth
|image=[[Image:The Atlas of Middle-earth.jpg|225px]]
|author=[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]]
|publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin]]
|date=[[29 May]] [[1981]]<br/>1991 (revised edition)
|format=Paperback
|pages=210
|isbn=0618126996
}}

'''''The Atlas of Middle-earth''''' by [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] is an atlas of various lands in [[Arda]]. It includes specific maps for ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[The Hobbit]]'', for which it is intended as a reading companion.

==Contents==
The maps are treated as if they are of real landscapes, and are drawn according to the same rules that a real atlas is drawn: for each area the history of the land is taken into account, as well as geography on a larger scale and from there maps are drawn. Discussion includes suggestions as to the geology that could explain various formations, and points that are contradictory between multiple accounts.

City maps and floor plans for important buildings are also included; these are very often useful for making sense of the narratives, especially in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''. As well, many battles such as [[Battles of Beleriand|those]] of [[Beleriand]], the [[Last Alliance]] and the [[War of the Ring]] are illustrated.

The book was published in [[1981]], but in [[1991]] a revised and updated version was published, which took information from ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' into account.

Fonstad also made a bold attempt to fill the gaps by using early conceptual work, mainly from ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'' and the ''[[Ambarkanta]]'', combining the later known maps with the sketches used by Tolkien to provide "world maps" of [[Arda]] in its entirity and show [[Aman]], [[Beleriand]]'s position relative to [[Eriador]], and the place of [[Númenor]] in the Sea.

It was, however, published before the final three volumes of ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' were published, and thus some maps are based on [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s early works, which were revised in later writings.

==Errors and criticism==
Despite being a thorough and well-respected reference book, the ''Atlas'' has been known for several mistakes. However, a number of these were corrected in the revised edition, as noted below.
*Page 2: [[Sea of Ringil]] is written as "Ringol"
*Page 7: [[Ezellohar]] is written as "Ezollahar"
*Page 13: [[Gabilgathol]] is once written as "Gabilgathod".
:*Belegost and Nogrod seem to have switched positions: ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' mentions that Nogrod was the southern one. Also, Tolkien mentions that Galbigathol was "north of the great height of Mount Dolmed" while Fonstad has both of them south.
*Page 12 and page 53: [[Dorthonion]] and [[Himring]] are located slightly above parallel J. However much later, [[Tol Fuin]] and [[Himling]] are seen much northern, above parallel I.
*Pages 39 and 88: [[Drúwaith Iaur]] is shown north of the [[Ered Nimrais]] and south of the [[Angren]], and on page 39 extending east below the [[Adorn]]. In the Unfinished Tales map Drúwaith Iaur is in the narrow area between the ocean and the southern Ered Nimrais, south of the mouth of the [[Angren]].<ref>{{UT|Index}}, "Map"</ref>
*Pages 53, 76, and 80: On page 53, [[Rhosgobel]] is located near the border of [[Mirkwood]] well ''south'' of the [[Old Forest Road]], due east of [[Moria]]. On pages 76 and 80, Rhosgobel is still at the edge of the forest, but ''north'' of the Old Forest Road. One or the other location should have been used, not both.
:*Note: In ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', during the month of December, [[TA|3019]], it is mentioned that scouts "had climbed the pass at the source of the [[Gladden River]], and had come down into [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]] and over the [[Gladden Fields]] and so at length had reached the old home of [[Radagast]] at Rhosgobel" which would seem to support the page 53 location.<ref>{{FR|II3}}</ref> However, in the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[Christopher Tolkien]] said that Rhosgobel was "in the forest borders between the [[Carrock]] and the Old Forest Road".<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, Note 4</ref>
*Page 71: [[Tuckborough]] is written "Tuckburrow".
*Page 92 and 93: The location of [[Lithlad]] is given as being in the south of [[Mordor]], rather than the northeast.
*Page 99: Bilbo gave the Arkenstone to the Elvenking and Bard on ''22 November'', then Dáin arrived in the early morning on ''23 November''. In ''The Hobbit'', [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] gave away the [[Arkenstone]] and then returned ''before midnight'' to wake up Bombur.<ref>{{H|Thief}}</ref> The next day there was a new parley, it was revealed that the elves and the men had the Arkenstone, and [[Thorin|Thorin]] expelled Bilbo from the [[Lonely Mountain]]. On the ''next'' morning Dáin arrived.<ref name="Burst">{{H|Burst}}</ref> Fonstad had Dáin arriving in one day, the text of ''The Hobbit'' had him arriving in two days.
*Page 106: In ''The Hobbit'', the dwarves saw a fire off in the woods. "The light was ahead of them and to the ''left'' of the path".<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref> In Fonstad's map the dwarves left the path to the right. (Corrected.)
*Page 113: The leader of the goblins is named "Borg". It should be [[Bolg]],<ref name="Burst"/> which is twice printed correctly on the preceding page. (Corrected.)
*Page 125: The two maps of [[Bree]], large scale and detailed, have significant differences from Tolkien's plan of Bree published in ''[[The Return of the Shadow]]''.<ref>{{RS|3XXP}}</ref>
*Page 135: In the map of [[Orthanc]], the last peak is named "Mathedras" instead of "[[Methedras]]".
*Page 148: [[Gamling|Gamling the Old]] is called "Gambling the Old".
*Page 189: The language of the [[Dwarves]] is labeled "[[Khazâd]]" instead of [[Khuzdul]].

The usage of early concepts of the ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'' alongside the established [[canon]], are also arguably controversial. In [[Aman]], Fonstad identified the early name "[[Hanstovánen]]" and also she points out the dwellings of the [[Valar]] in [[Valinor]]. Same happens with [[Tol Eressëa]] whose (tentative) maps portray [[Tavrobel]] and [[Kortirion]] as well as some places in [[Gondolin]].

In the [[First Age]] maps, the [[Sea of Helcar]] is seen to cover the area of future [[Mordor]], [[Khand]], and [[Rhûn]]; the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and [[Sea of Núrnen]] are shown as its remnants. In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'' there are references to the Sea of Rhûn existing in the [[First Age]], but no indication as to whether it should be equated with the Sea of Helcar or not.
{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Atlas of Middle-earth, The}}
{{title|italics}}
[[Category:Map books]]
[[Category:Publications by title]]

Middle English

2016-03-27T18:49:35Z

Palantirion: added context of O.E., Early Modern English and Modern English as well as doubt as to exact perido fo M.E.

{{stub}}

'''Middle English''' is the name given by historical linguists to the diverse forms of the English language in use between the late 11th century and about 1470, though scholars disagree as to the exact dating of this period. Often abbreviated to M.E., this form of the English language grew out of [[Old English]] and later transformed into '''Early Modern English''' (the language of Shakespeare). As the language became standardised in the mid-to-late eighteenth century [[Modern English]] was born.

Among [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s writings related to Middle English, we find ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (edition)|Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]'', ''[[A Middle English Vocabulary]]'', ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo]]'', the essays ''[[Ancrene Wisse and Hali Meiðhad]]'' and ''[[Middle English 'Losenger' (essay)|Middle English 'Losenger']]'', and the poem "[[The Clerkes Compleinte]]".

==See also==

*[[AB language]]
*[[Old English]]
*[[Modern English]]

==External links==

*{{WP|Middle English}}
*[http://www.carlaz.com/tolkien/mid_eng.html ''From "The Siege of Gondor" in Middle English'']

[[CATEGORY:Languages (real-world)]]

Forums:How to upload images?

2016-03-26T21:25:34Z

Palantirion:

Forums:How to upload images?

2016-03-26T19:48:37Z

Palantirion:

Forums:How to upload images?

2016-03-26T18:49:04Z

Palantirion:

Forums:How to upload images?

2016-03-26T17:53:52Z

Palantirion: Created page with "{{Counciltop}}  I've been playing about in my sandbox and cannot for the life of me work out how to add upload an image/file. The help tex..."