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Beregond (Steward of Gondor)

2026-05-28T23:12:26Z

Parmandil: Re-added sibling information, corrected typos

{{disambig-more|Beregond|[[Beregond (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Beregond
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Ruling Steward]]
| position=
| location=
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth={{TA|2700}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2763}} - {{TA|2811|n}} (48 years)
| death={{TA|2811}}
| deathlocation=
| age=111
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Húrin]]
| parentage=[[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Beren]]
| siblings=2 unnamed older siblings
| spouse=
| children=[[Belecthor II]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}'''Beregond''' ([[Third Age]] 2700<ref name=":0">{{PM|Elendil}}, The Ruling Stewards of Gondor, 20. Beregond, p. 205</ref> – 2811,<ref name="South">{{App|South}}, ''Ruling Stewards'', entry for Beregond, p. 1039</ref> aged 111 years) was the twentieth [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]]<ref>{{App|South}}, ''Ruling Stewards'', p. 1039</ref>.

==History==
Beregond was born in [[Third Age 2700|T.A. 2700]] <ref name=":0" />, as the third child of [[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Steward Beren]] of Gondor.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, The Ruling Stewards of Gondor, 20. Beregond, p. 220</ref>

Before Beregond became a Ruling Steward, three great fleets<ref name="Beren">{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Beren, p. 1054</ref> of the [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]]<ref name="Helm">{{App|Eorl}}, entry for King Helm, p. 1066</ref> that had been long prepared came from [[Umbar]] and [[Harad]] and attacked the coasts of Gondor in great numbers<ref name="Beren" />. The invaders landed in many places,<ref name="Beren" /> including the mouth of the river [[Lefnui]],<ref name="Helm" /> as far north as the mouth of the river [[Isen]]<ref name="Beren" /> before winter in {{TA|2758}}<ref name="Helm" />. At the same time [[Rohan]] was invaded from the east<ref name="Helm" /> by Eastern invaders<ref name="Frealaf">{{App|Eorl}}, entry for Fréaláf, p. 1067</ref> and from the west<ref name="Beren" /> by the [[Dunlendings]] led by [[Wulf]] and by Corsairs that had landed at the mouths of the rivers Lefnui and Isen<ref name="Helm" />. Because of the attacks on its coasts Gondor could not send an army to help Rohan.<ref name="Helm" /> Before the beginning of spring in {{TA|2759}} Beregond had defeated the invaders in Gondor.<ref name="Beren" /> After his victory he immediatly sent an army to help Rohan,<ref name="Beren" /> which came to Rohan by the roads east and west of the mountains and the Dunlendings were driven from Rohan and from [[Isengard]] before the end of the year<ref name="Frealaf" />. Beregond was the greatest captain in Gondor since [[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]], the son of Steward [[Denethor I]] of Gondor. Because Rohan had been weakened by the invasions and would need more time to recover, Beren welcomed Saruman and gave the keys of [[Orthanc]] to him in {{TA|2759}}.<ref name="Beren" />

Beregond became the twentieth Ruling Steward at the death of his father, Steward [[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Beren]] in {{TA|2763}}.<ref>{{App|South}}, ''Ruling Stewards'', entry for Beren, p. 1039</ref>

During Beregond's rule, the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]] was fought ({{TA|2793}} - {{TA|2799|n}}). Only rumours of the fighting came south until Orcs fleeing from the [[Battle of Nanduhirion]] crossed [[Rohan]] and established themselves in the [[White Mountains]]. Fighting occurred in many dales before the danger was ended.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}, entry for Steward Beregond, p. 1054</ref>

Beregond ruled as Steward for forty-eight years,<ref name="South" /> and was succeeded by his son and only child<ref name=":0" />, [[Belecthor II]].<ref>{{App|South}}, ''Ruling Stewards'', entry for Belecthor II, p. 1039</ref>.

==Etymology==
''Beregond'' is a [[Sindarin]] name. Its meaning is not glossed, but [[Wayne G. Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull]] suggest that it means "Valiant Stone" and that the name is a combination of the ''beren'' ("bold") and ''[[gond]]'' ("stone").<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 521</ref> [[David Salo]] suggests that it could instead mean "fierce stone" and that it is derived from √''BEREK'' ("wild, fierce") and ''gond''.<ref>{{HM|GS}}, entry '''Beregond''', p. 344</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3360794719.html|articlename=S. ''Beregond'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=28 May 2026}}</ref>

Beregond was probably named after a renowned hero in the royal lines of old as recorded in legend.<ref>{{NM|P2v}}, footnote 3, p. 189</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | EGA | | |EGA=[[Egalmoth (Steward of Gondor)|Egalmoth]] ''{{TA|2626|n}} - {{TA|2743|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | BER | | |BER=[[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Beren]] ''{{TA|2655|n}} - {{TA|2763|n}}''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | UNK | | BER |UNK=''Two unknown siblings'' ''unknown''|BER='''BEREGOND''' ''{{TA|2700|n}} - {{TA|2811|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | BEL |BEL=[[Belecthor II]] ''{{TA|2752|n}} - {{TA|2872|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | ||!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | |THO |THO=[[Thorondir]] ''{{TA|2782|n}} - {{TA|2882|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{References}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Húrin]]
| born={{TA|2700}}
| died={{TA|2811}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Beren]]
| list=20th [[Ruling Steward|Ruling Steward of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|2763}} – {{TA|2811|n}}
| next=[[Belecthor II]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rulingstewards}}
{{title}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:House of Húrin]]
[[Category:Ruling stewards]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Beregond (Truchsess von Gondor)]]
[[fi:Beregond (käskynhaltija)]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:3a:dunedain:gondoriens:beregond i]]

Mithrellas

2026-01-13T04:20:18Z

Parmandil: /* Etymology */

{{infobox character
| name=Mithrellas
| people=[[Silvan Elves|Silvan Elf]]
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Lothlórien]], [[Dor-en-Ernil]], [[Belfalas]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Silvan Elvish]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Imrazôr]]
| children=[[Galador]] and [[Gilmith]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Mithrellas''' was a [[Silvan Elves|Silvan Elf]] who, according the tradition of the House of [[Angelimir]], accompanied [[Nimrodel]] from [[Lothlórien]] on her journey to the southern havens. Mithrellas, it is said, became lost in the woods of [[Dor-en-Ernil]], where she was found by [[Imrazôr]] the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]], who married her. So [[Elvish]] blood entered the line of the [[Prince of Dol Amroth|Princes of Dol Amroth]], it was claimed, and her son [[Galador]] became the first of the long line of Princes. Mithrellas also bore Imrazôr a daughter, [[Gilmith]].<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 220-2</ref> After the birth, she ran away at night and was never seen again.<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Mithrellas'' is of unclear meaning, but as suggested by [[David Salo]], it is likely to be [[Sindarin]], a combination of ''[[mith|mithren]]'' ("grey") + ''[[lass]]'' ("leaf").<ref>{{HM|GS}}, p. 355</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | IMR |y| MIT |IMR=[[Imrazôr]] ''{{TA|1950}} - {{TA|2076|n}}''|MIT='''MITHRELLAS''' ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | GAL | | GIL |GAL=[[Galador]] ''{{TA|2004|n}} - {{TA|2129|n}}''|GIL=[[Gilmith]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |:| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | DOL | | | | |DOL=[[Princes of Dol Amroth|''Princes of Dol Amroth'']]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==External links==
* {{webcite|author=[[Michael Martinez]]|articleurl=https://middle-earth.xenite.org/lonely-wanderers-and-the-tales-that-almost-were/|articlename=Lonely Wanderers and the Tales That Almost Were|dated=April 14 2001|website=Middle-earth & J.R.R. Tolkien Blog|accessed=}}

{{references}}

[[Category:Silvan Elves]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Mithrellas]]
[[fi:Mithrellas]]

Nob

2026-01-06T18:48:06Z

Parmandil: /* Rose Cotton in adaptations */ > Nob in Adaptations

{{infobox character
| people=[[Hobbits|Hobbit]]
| name=Nob
| image=Francesco Amadio - Nob.jpg
| caption="Nob" by [[:Category:Images by Francesco Amadio|Francesco Amadio]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Bree]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| birth=Late [[Third Age]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=Early [[Fourth Age]]
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| family=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Hi! Nob! ... Where are you, you wolly-footed slow-coach?|[[Barliman Butterbur]]<ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref>}}
'''Nob''' was a [[Hobbits|hobbit]] of [[Bree]].

==History==
Nob lived at the end of the [[Third Age]] and probably the beginning of the [[Fourth Age|Fourth]]. He worked for [[Barliman Butterbur]] at ''[[The Prancing Pony]]'' with [[Bob]], where he served food and tended to any other needs guests might have.

On [[29 September|September 29]], {{TA|3018}},<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref> [[Travellers|four Shire-hobbits]] came to ''The Prancing Pony''.<ref name="Sign" /> When one of them, [[Meriadoc Brandybuck]], went missing after a night stroll, Nob found him near the house of [[Bill Ferny]].<ref name="Strider">{{FR|Strider}}</ref> Realizing the [[Nazgûl|danger]], Nob helped the Hobbits to disguise their beds, and kept watch at night. Nonetheless, the Inn was attacked.<ref name="Knife">{{FR|Knife}}</ref>

When those four hobbits returned on [[28 October|October 28]] [[Third Age 3019|the following year]],<ref>{{App|Chief}}</ref> Nob still worked at ''The Prancing Pony''.<ref>{{RK|Homeward}}</ref>

==Etymology==
In historical English ''nob'' is slang to denote disrespect for a high society person, cf. ''knob'' "head".<ref>[[Jim Allan]] (ed.), ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', Giving of names</ref>

[[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]] think that ''Nob'' was perhaps chosen rhyme with ''Bob'', and that it does not appear to be recognized diminutive or nickname.<ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', page 151</ref> It is also possible that ''Nob'' was a nickname of a person named Robert; Tolkien's review of M. Förster's ''Die Französierung des englischen Personennamenschatzes'' mentions the name ''Nob'' in one line with better known names as ''[[Hob Hayward|Hob]]'' and ''Rob''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Philology: General works", published in ''[[The Year's Work in English Studies]]'', vol. 6 (edited by Boas and Hereford), pages 32-66, esp 39</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Nob in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Nob.JPG|Nob in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Fellowship of the Ring'' video game]]
File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Nob.jpg|Nob in [[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<nowiki/>''
</gallery>
'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Haydn Wood]] provided the voice for Nob.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''
:No voice actor is specified for this small part. His role in searching for Merry was taken over by [[Aragorn|Strider]].

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Nob is running errands outside the [[Prancing Pony]] but plays no role in the storyline.

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]
[[Category:Hobbits]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Kunz]]
[[fi:Nob]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hobbits/nob]]

Noldor

2025-06-29T23:16:41Z

Parmandil: /* Other names */ Cleaned up errors, stranded sections, wording, incorrectly reverted edits. Narmonen, do not continue to revert this, discuss on the discord instead.

{{sources}}{{people infobox
| name=Noldor
| image = Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin.jpg
| caption="The Coming of Fingolfin" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈnoldor]}}/{{IPA|[ˈɲoldor]}}
| othernames=''Tatyar'' ([[Quenya|Q]]), ''Golodhrim'', ''Gelydh'' (''Gódhellim'', ''Gódhil'') ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nómin'' ([[Taliska|T]]), ''Golug'' ([[Black Speech|BS]]), Deep Elves, Loremasters
| location=[[Tirion]], [[Formenos]], [[Nevrast]], [[Hithlum]], [[Gondolin]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Dorthonion]], [[East Beleriand]], [[Lindon]], [[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Imladris]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Host of the West]], [[Last Alliance]], [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]], [[White Council]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Finwë]], [[Fëanor]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Finarfin]], [[Maedhros]], [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Celebrimbor]]
| lifespan=[[Immortal]]
| distinctions=The greatest of the Elves in lore, craftsmanship, knowledge, and warfare
| height=Typically 7 feet<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>
| hair=Usually dark (dark brown or black), rarely golden, silver, ginger, or reddish brown
| skin=Fair
| clothing=
| weapons=Swords and shields
}}
{{quote|Next came the Noldor, a name of wisdom, the people of [[Finwë]]. They are the Deep Elves, the friends of [[Aulë]]; and they are renowned in song, for they fought and laboured long and grievously in the northern lands of old.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]"}}
The '''Noldor''', or '''Ñoldor''', were those of the second clan of the [[Elves]] who came to [[Aman]]. The Noldor were held to be the noblest of the Elves, and indeed of all peoples in [[Middle-earth]], in lore and in craftsmanship. In [[Valinor]], their wisdom and skill flourished exceedingly, and ever they hungered for deeper knowledge and greater mastery of the arts, so that in many matters they even outstripped their own teachers. They cherished also a love of words, and were ever shifting in speech, striving to devise names most fitting for all things. This rich inheritance of knowledge they later passed on to [[Men]] during their [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]].

Their first [[King of the Noldor|King]] was [[Finwë]], who was slain by [[Morgoth]]. In the wake of his death and the theft of the [[Silmarils|jewels]], Finwë’s son [[Fëanor]] led the Noldor in rebellion, vowing vengeance upon Morgoth. The war of the Noldor against Morgoth comprises many of the greatest tales of the [[First Age]].

==Origins==
According to legend, the clan was founded by [[Tata]], the second Elf to awake at [[Cuiviénen]]. With him were his spouse Tatië and their 54 companions, and this clan became known as the '''''Tatyar'''''. [[Finwë]], the first Ñoldo to come to [[Valinor]] with [[Oromë]], became their King, and led most of them to Valinor. Out of the original 56 Tatyar who awoke at Cuiviénen, 28 remained at the place of their awakening, becoming [[Avari]], while the other original 28 and their offspring continued on their [[Great Journey]].

==History==
===Elder Days===
====In Valinor====
[[File:Konstantin Zahariev - A Noldorin Prince.jpg|thumb|''A Noldorin Prince'' by Konstantin Zahariev]]
The Noldor were accounted the greatest of the Elves and all the peoples in [[Middle-earth]] in lore and crafts. In Valinor, their knowledge and skill became great, and they had always a strong desire for more knowledge and skill in art, surpassing even their teachers in many things. The Noldor had also a love for words, and were changeful in speech, endeavouring to find suitable names for all things. They were beloved of [[Aulë]] the Smith, and were the first to discover and carve gems. Their chief dwelling-place was the city of [[Tirion]] upon [[Túna]].<ref name="Eldamar">{{S|5}}</ref> Among the wisest of the Noldor was [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]], creator of the first writing system and author of many books of lore.<ref name="Unchaining">{{S|6}}</ref> [[Fëanor]], son of Finwë and [[Míriel]], was the greatest of their craftsmen, "mightiest in skill of word and of hand",<ref name="Eldamar" /> and creator of the [[Silmarils]].<ref name="Silmarils">{{S|7}}</ref>

[[Melkor]] harboured a hatred for the Elves, despising their joy and blaming them for his downfall, and he sought to deceive them by feigning friendship. The Noldor, eager for knowledge, listened to him most readily of the kindreds. So he went often among them, offering counsel, and the Noldor hearkened to him.<ref name="Unchaining" /> During this time, Fëanor created the Silmarils, and Melkor, desiring them greatly, sought ever to spread ideas and rumours among the Noldor. But amid his seemingly good advice, Melkor sowed lies to turn one House of the Noldor against another, and in the end the peace in Tirion was poisoned. After threatening his half-brother [[Fingolfin]], believing falsely that Fingolfin intended to usurp the throne, Fëanor was banished from Tirion by the [[Valar]]. With him went his [[Sons of Fëanor|seven sons]], and his father Finwë, King of the Noldor. Fingolfin remained behind as the ruler of the Noldor of Tirion.<ref name="Silmarils" />

But Melkor had yet other designs to accomplish. Soon after, with the aid of [[Ungoliant]], he destroyed the [[Two Trees]],<ref>{{S|8}}</ref> and coming to [[Formenos]] he killed Finwë, stole the Silmarils, and departed from Aman. Fëanor, driven by grief and desiring vengeance, rebelled against the Valar by coming back into Tirion and making a speech before the Noldor, in which he persuaded them to leave Valinor, follow Melkor to [[Middle-earth]], and wage war against him for the recovery of the Silmarils. He swore a terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]], as did his [[Sons of Fëanor|sons]], to pursue Melkor and reclaim the Silmarils at all costs. Fëanor then claimed the kingship of the Noldor since his father was dead. Although the greater part of the Noldor still held Fingolfin as their leader, they followed Fëanor into [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]].<ref name="Exile">{{S|9}}</ref>

====Exile====
{{main|Exile of the Noldor}}
Fëanor led the Noldor from Tirion, his host in the front, followed by the hosts of Fingolfin and [[Finarfin]]. He led them to Alqualondë, seeking to persuade the Teleri to join with the Noldor in rebellion. But the Teleri did not wish to depart with the Noldor, nor aid them with the providing of ships. Angered, Fëanor assembled his host, and they took the ships by force, committing the first [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|kinslaying]]. The host of Fingolfin, coming upon the battle and mistakenly believing the Teleri had attacked the Noldor, joined in the struggle, and many of the Teleri were slain. Taking the ships, the Noldor continued their journey northwards. A messenger from the Valar came later and delivered the [[Doom of Mandos]], pronouncing judgement on the Noldor for the Kinslaying and rebellion and warning that if they proceeded their oath would betray them, and moreover they would be slain or tormented by grief. At this, some of the Noldor who had no hand in the Kinslaying, including [[Finarfin]] son of Finwë and [[Indis]], returned to Valinor, and the Valar forgave them. Other Noldor led by Fingolfin remained determined to leave Valinor for Middle-earth, not desiring to be separated from their kin and fearing the Valar's judgement, for some among them had participated in the kinslaying. Among those that continued were [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Finrod]], and [[Galadriel]].<ref name="Exile" />

The Noldor suffered greatly during the cold journey, and began to mutter against Fëanor. Fearing treachery, Fëanor took his sons and those he deemed loyal to him, departing in the ships and crossing the sea to Middle-earth. He left behind those led by Fingolfin, his half-brother. Upon his arrival in Middle-earth, Fëanor had the ships burned. When the Noldor led by Fingolfin discovered their betrayal, they went farther north and crossed the sea at the treacherous [[Helcaraxë]], at the cost of many lives.<ref name="Exile" />

====In Middle-earth====
=====Arrival=====
Fëanor's company encamped in the region of [[Mithrim]] and was soon attacked by the host of Morgoth. The battle became known as a [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], and was a great victory for the Noldor. But Fëanor rode too far from his host during the battle, pursuing the remnant of the [[Orcs]] in a vengeful mood. Several [[Balrogs]], including their Lord [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], issued from [[Angband]] and fought him. Despite battling valiantly, Fëanor was mortally wounded and would have been captured and taken to Angband had it not been for the swift arrival of his sons. However, Fëanor died whilst being carried back to his own people.<ref name="Return">{{S|13}}</ref>

Because Fëanor had taken the ships and left the Noldor led by his half-brother on the west side of the sea, much enmity remained between the Houses of the Noldor. The feud was at last settled when [[Fingon]], son of Fingolfin, saved [[Maedhros]], Fëanor's son, from Morgoth's imprisonment. Maedhros was due to succeed Fëanor, but he regretted his part in the Kinslaying and waived his claim to the kingship of the Noldor to his uncle Fingolfin, who became the first [[High King of the Noldor]] in Middle-earth. The [[House of Fëanor]] became known as ''the Dispossessed'' after this.<ref name="Return" />

=====Kingdom of the Noldor=====
[[File:Mysilvergreen - King Fingon and his lords.jpg|thumb|''King Fingon and his lords'' by [[:Category:Images by Mysilvergreen|Mysilvergreen]]]]
In [[Beleriand]], the Noldor made alliance with the [[Sindar]]<ref name="Realms">{{S|14}}</ref> and later with the [[Edain]].<ref>{{S|17}}</ref> Fingolfin reigned long in the land of [[Hithlum]], and his younger son [[Turgon]] later ruled in his Hidden City of [[Gondolin]]. The Sons of Fëanor, under Maedhros, ruled the lands of [[East Beleriand]], while [[Finrod Felagund]], Finarfin's son, was the [[King of Nargothrond]].<ref name="Realms" />

Fingolfin's reign was marked by warfare against Morgoth and in {{FA|60}}, after their victory in [[Dagor Aglareb]], the Noldor [[Siege of Angband|besieged Angband]], the fortress of Morgoth.<ref>{{GA|78}}</ref> Yet in {{FA|455}},<ref>{{GA|145}}</ref> the Siege was broken by Morgoth in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], and many of the Noldor were slain or scattered. Fingolfin rode in despair to Angband and challenged Morgoth to [[Fall of Fingolfin|single combat]]. He dealt Morgoth seven wounds but perished, and was succeeded by his eldest son [[Fingon]], who became the second [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref>{{S|18}}</ref>

=====Demise=====
In {{FA|472}},<ref>{{GA|219}}</ref> Maedhros [[Union of Maedhros|organised]] an attack on Morgoth and this led to the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], the Battle of Unnumbered Tears. Betrayed by the new-come [[Easterlings]], the forces of the Noldor, Sindar and Edain were utterly defeated. Fingon the Valiant was slain; he was succeeded by his brother [[Turgon]] as the third [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref name="Nirnaeth">{{S|20}}</ref>

Morgoth scattered the remaining forces of the [[Sons of Fëanor]], and in {{FA|495}}, [[Nargothrond]] was also defeated.<ref>{{GA|275}}</ref> Turgon had withdrawn to Gondolin which was kept hidden from both Morgoth and other Elves.<ref name="Nirnaeth" /> In {{FA|510}}, Gondolin was betrayed by [[Maeglin]] and [[Fall of Gondolin|sacked]].<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref> During the attack, Turgon was killed; however, many of his [[Exiles of Gondolin|people escaped]] and found their way to the [[Mouths of Sirion]]. Turgon was the last surviving male descendant of Fingolfin, so [[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin, became the fourth and last [[High King of the Noldor]] in Middle-earth.<ref>{{S|23}}</ref>

Finally, the [[Host of the West]] came down to Middle-earth and in {{FA|545}} to {{FA|583|n}}, the [[War of Wrath]] was fought and Morgoth was cast into the Void.<ref name="End">{{WJ|Years}}, p. 346</ref><ref>{{S|24}}</ref> As a result of the cataclysmic war, Beleriand sank into the sea, except for a part of [[Ossiriand]] (Lindon),<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> and a few [[Tol Morwen|islands]].<ref>{{S|22}}</ref> The defeat of Morgoth marked the end of the [[First Age]] and the start of the [[Second Age|Second]].<ref name="End" />

===Second Age===
Most of the Noldor sailed back to [[Tol Eressea]] at the end of the First Age; but some, like [[Galadriel]] daughter of Finarfin, or [[Celebrimbor]], grandson of Fëanor, refused the pardon of the Valar and remained in Middle-earth. Gil-galad, last heir of the kings of the Noldor in exile, and acknowledged as "High King of the Elves of the West",<ref name="SA">{{App|B}}</ref> founded a new kingdom at Lindon, and ruled throughout the Second Age, longer than any of his predecessors.

[[Gil-galad]]'s people were mainly Noldor<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 65</ref> (especially from [[Gondolin]], but also from the [[House of Finarfin|Houses of Finarfin]] and [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]]); early in the [[Second Age]], most of the Noldor that remained in [[Middle-earth]] lived in Lindon.<ref name="SA" /> During this time, the few [[Exiles]] that remained also lived in Lindon.<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref>

In {{SA|750}}, some Noldor learned that [[mithril]] was found in [[Moria]] under the [[Misty Mountains]], so they went to [[Eregion]]. Because of their legacy as craftsmen, they were less unfriendly to the [[Dwarves]] than the Sindar. They became the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] under [[Celebrimbor]] and formed the closest friendship ever between Elves and Dwarves.<ref name="SA" /> Although war soon befell Eriador along with Celebrimbor's death, remnants of Eregion, including many Noldor, either followed Elrond to establish Imladris or fled to [[Lothlórien]].

Gil-galad perished in the War of the Alliance at the end of the Second Age, and so ended the High Kingship of the Noldor. He fathered no children; however, the line of the High-elven kings, including the High Kingship of the Noldor, was alone preserved in the descendants of [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]].<ref>{{App|A1i}}</ref>

===Later history===
After the fall of [[Gil-galad]] (during the time of the [[Kings of Arnor]]), there was still a remnant of the Noldor who dwelt at the [[Grey Havens]] of further inland in Lindon who constituted the largest population of Noldor remaining in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref> However, in Eriador, the chief dwelling of the Noldor was Imladris.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

In the late [[Third Age]], the Noldor in Middle-earth were greatly diminished, as most had passed over the Sea.<ref>{{L|347}}</ref><ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref> If any remained in the early [[Fourth Age]], they were few.<ref name="eriador" />

After the [[Dominion of Men]] was taken up by [[Aragorn II Elessar]], the last of the Noldor set sail from [[Mithlond]] and left Middle-earth forever.<ref name="rings" />

==Rulers==
{{main|King of the Noldor}}

;In Valinor:
The first two kings were not distinguished as being ''in Valinor'', since the entire population of the Noldor lived in Valinor at that time.

#[[Finwë]], first King of the Noldor.
#[[Fëanor]], first son of Finwë; claimed the title after his father's death.
::[[Finarfin]], third son of Finwë, remained in [[Aman]] after the [[Exile of the Noldor]] and ruled the remnant of his people in [[Tirion]], although he never officialy claimed this title.

;In Middle-earth
::[[Fëanor]] nominally ruled in [[Middle-earth]] for a few months before his fall in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], although he never established a realm.
#[[Fingolfin]], second son of Finwë; held to be the first '''[[High King of the Noldor]]''' by the majority of the Noldor after Maedhros son of Fëanor gave up his claims.
#[[Fingon]], first son of Fingolfin.
#[[Turgon]], second son of Fingolfin.
#[[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin.

==Characteristics==
The Noldor were the Second Clan of the Elves in both order and size, the other clans being the [[Vanyar]], a smaller group, and the [[Teleri]], a much larger one. The Noldor typically had grey eyes and dark hair, save for the members of the golden-haired [[House of Finarfin]].<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, entry Q ''noldo'', p. 125</ref>

From their beginning the Noldor (meaning "Those who Know") were always distinguished, by their knowledge of the things that are and were in this world, and by their desire to learn more.<ref>{{BL|Introduction}}</ref> They were the most skillful of these Clans, and were specially loved by [[Aulë]], from whom they learned many things, although less than they wanted to know. Their skills included the developing of their language, the building of great towers and halls, and gem extraction.<ref>{{MR|P3I5}}, p. 176 (see also the commentary on §40, p. 181)</ref> One of their most famous artefacts were the crystallic [[Fëanorian lamps]]; the craft to make them was lost to Middle-earth when they left.

The Noldor were the proudest of the Elves; in the words of the [[Sindar]], they came to Middle-earth because "they needed room to quarrel in". It was this pride that Melkor used to turn the Houses of [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]] and [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] against each other. The pride of the Noldor also led to their [[Fall of the Noldor|Fall]] and [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]] (and their continued quarrels in Middle-earth, as noted by the Sindar).

Of the three clans of the [[Eldar]] they are also the people who most favours swords and shields as their weapons.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 215 footnote to §29</ref><ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 228 footnote to §49</ref>

The Sindar often called the Noldor '''''Lechind''''' (sing. '''''Lachend'''''), which meant 'flame-eyed' due to the piercing brightness of their eyes. This was the distinctive feature of all the [[Calaquendi|Elves that had dwelt in Aman]], whose eyes thus deeply impressed [[Úmanyar|those of Middle-earth]].<ref name="WJC" />{{rp|384}}

==Etymology==
'''Noldor''' is a [[Quenya]] name that meant "the Wise" (in the sense of possessing knowledge, not sagacity or sound judgment),<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Noldor''</ref> derived from the [[Elvish]] [[Sundocarme|root]] [[NGOL]] ("knowledge, wisdom, lore").<ref name="WJC">{{WJ|C}}</ref>{{rp|383}} This name was given to the Second Clan by the others and was accepted and used as their regular and proper name by all the ''Eldarin'' members of the clan throughout their later history.<ref name="WJC" />{{rp|383}}

Its singular form is '''''[[Noldo]]''''' and the adjective form is '''''Noldorin'''''.

==Other names==
The spelling ''Ñoldor'', rather than ''Noldor'', was often used by Tolkien in his later writings. <ref group="note">The character '''ñ''' is employed here to represent the velar nasal [ŋ], the sound found at the end of the English word "si'''ng'''", ''not'' the palatal nasal [ɲ], as in Spanish "a'''ñ'''o".</ref>. This is due to vacillation on whether or not initial [ŋ] (written ñ) from [ng] became [n] or not in [[Quenya]]. Even in earlier forms the name ''Ñoldo/Noldo'' came from the same [[Primitive Quendian]] stem *ñgolodō, which led to ''Ñoldo'' in [[Quenya]] and ''Golodh'' in [[Sindarin]].

The Noldor were called '''''[[Golodhrim]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ɡɔ:ˈlɔð.rim]}}) by [[Sindarin]]-speakers and '''''Goldoi''''' by the [[Falmari]] of [[Aman]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''golodh''</ref> Both of these terms are cognates of the [[Quenya]] ''Noldor,'' meaning 'wise, learned ones'. The Sindarin singular '''''[[Golodh]]''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡɔ.lɔð]}}) had the plural form '''''[[Gelydh]]''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡɛ.lyð]}}, or in Gondorian pronunciation {{IPA|[ˈɡɛ.lið]}}, archaically '''''[[Gœlydh]]''''' {{IPA|[ˈɡø.lyð]}})<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Golodhrim''</ref>. The class plural, '''''Golodhrim,''''' was used for the people as a whole.<ref name="WJA">{{WJ|A}}, p. 364</ref> Later the Sindar replaced these with '''''Gódhil''''' (sing. '''''Gódhel''''') or '''''Gódhellim''''' ({{IPA|[ɡoːˈðel.lim]}}), which, in turn, was a modernised form of ''Ódhil'' or ''Ódhellim'', Sindarin name for the [[Amanyar]].<ref name="WJA" />

The Noldor were called the "'''Deep-elves'''", a loose translation of ''Noldor'', where 'deep' means 'wise, learned'.<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref> Other names used for the Noldor included the Wise, the Golden, the Valiant, the Sword-elves, the Elves of the Earth, the Foes of Melkor, the Skilled of Hand, the Jewel-wrights, the Companions of Men, the Followers of Finwë<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}, p. 164</ref>, and Loremasters.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', "Index", ''Noldor''</ref> It is also told that the Noldor were often called the Lispers by other native speakers of Quenya (such as the [[Vanyar]]), since the Noldor generally did not retain the sound "th" [θ] in their speech.<ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 34</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
{{Main|Gnomes}}
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's [[Legendarium]], the Noldor were called '<nowiki/>'''Noldoli'<nowiki/>''' or '<nowiki/>'''[[Gnomes]]''''. They were still called ''Gnomes'' in early editions of ''[[The Hobbit]]''. They were also the ones who spoke the language that later became [[Sindarin]] (then called ''Gnomish'' or ''Noldorin'').

==See also==
*[[Quenya]]
*[[Exile of the Noldor]]
*[[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]
*[[Fall of the Noldor]]
*[[Doom of Mandos]]

{{references}}
{{elves}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Noldor| ]]
[[Category:Quenya demonyms]]
[[de:Noldor]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/noldor]]
[[fi:Noldor]]
[[pt-br:Noldor]]

Noldor

2025-06-28T06:25:30Z

Parmandil: /* Other versions of the legendarium */ Move discussion of ñ to a footnote

{{sources}}{{people infobox
| name=Noldor
| image = Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin.jpg
| caption="The Coming of Fingolfin" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈnoldor]}}/{{IPA|[ˈɲoldor]}}
| othernames=''Tatyar'' ([[Quenya|Q]]), ''Golodhrim'', ''Gelydh'' (''Gódhellim'', ''Gódhil'') ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nómin'' ([[Taliska|T]]), ''Golug'' ([[Black Speech|BS]]), Deep Elves, Loremasters
| location=[[Tirion]], [[Formenos]], [[Nevrast]], [[Hithlum]], [[Gondolin]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Dorthonion]], [[East Beleriand]], [[Lindon]], [[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Imladris]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Host of the West]], [[Last Alliance]], [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]], [[White Council]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Finwë]], [[Fëanor]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Finarfin]], [[Maedhros]], [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Celebrimbor]]
| lifespan=[[Immortal]]
| distinctions=The greatest of the Elves in lore, craftsmanship, knowledge, and warfare
| height=Typically 7 feet<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>
| hair=Usually dark (dark brown or black), rarely golden, silver, ginger, or reddish brown
| skin=Fair
| clothing=
| weapons=Swords and shields
}}
{{quote|Next came the Noldor, a name of wisdom, the people of [[Finwë]]. They are the Deep Elves, the friends of [[Aulë]]; and they are renowned in song, for they fought and laboured long and grievously in the northern lands of old.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]"}}
The '''Noldor''', or '''Ñoldor''', were those of the second clan of the [[Elves]] who came to [[Aman]]. The Noldor were held to be the noblest of the Elves, and indeed of all peoples in [[Middle-earth]], in lore and in craftsmanship. In [[Valinor]], their wisdom and skill flourished exceedingly, and ever they hungered for deeper knowledge and greater mastery of the arts, so that in many matters they even outstripped their own teachers. They cherished also a love of words, and were ever shifting in speech, striving to devise names most fitting for all things. This rich inheritance of knowledge they later passed on to [[Men]] during their [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]].

Their first [[King of the Noldor|King]] was [[Finwë]], who was slain by [[Morgoth]]. In the wake of his death and the theft of the [[Silmarils|jewels]], Finwë’s son [[Fëanor]] led the Noldor in rebellion, vowing vengeance upon Morgoth. The war of the Noldor against Morgoth comprises many of the greatest tales of the [[First Age]].

==Origins==
According to legend, the clan was founded by [[Tata]], the second Elf to awake at [[Cuiviénen]]. With him were his spouse Tatië and their 54 companions, and this clan became known as the '''''Tatyar'''''. [[Finwë]], the first Ñoldo to come to [[Valinor]] with [[Oromë]], became their King, and led most of them to Valinor. Out of the original 56 Tatyar who awoke at Cuiviénen, 28 remained at the place of their awakening, becoming [[Avari]], while the other original 28 and their offspring continued on their [[Great Journey]].

==History==
===Elder Days===
====In Valinor====
[[File:Konstantin Zahariev - A Noldorin Prince.jpg|thumb|''A Noldorin Prince'' by Konstantin Zahariev]]
The Noldor were accounted the greatest of the Elves and all the peoples in [[Middle-earth]] in lore and crafts. In Valinor, their knowledge and skill became great, and they had always a strong desire for more knowledge and skill in art, surpassing even their teachers in many things. The Noldor had also a love for words, and were changeful in speech, endeavouring to find suitable names for all things. They were beloved of [[Aulë]] the Smith, and were the first to discover and carve gems. Their chief dwelling-place was the city of [[Tirion]] upon [[Túna]].<ref name="Eldamar">{{S|5}}</ref> Among the wisest of the Noldor was [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]], creator of the first writing system and author of many books of lore.<ref name="Unchaining">{{S|6}}</ref> [[Fëanor]], son of Finwë and [[Míriel]], was the greatest of their craftsmen, "mightiest in skill of word and of hand",<ref name="Eldamar" /> and creator of the [[Silmarils]].<ref name="Silmarils">{{S|7}}</ref>

[[Melkor]] harboured a hatred for the Elves, despising their joy and blaming them for his downfall, and he sought to deceive them by feigning friendship. The Noldor, eager for knowledge, listened to him most readily of the kindreds. So he went often among them, offering counsel, and the Noldor hearkened to him.<ref name="Unchaining" /> During this time, Fëanor created the Silmarils, and Melkor, desiring them greatly, sought ever to spread ideas and rumours among the Noldor. But amid his seemingly good advice, Melkor sowed lies to turn one House of the Noldor against another, and in the end the peace in Tirion was poisoned. After threatening his half-brother [[Fingolfin]], believing falsely that Fingolfin intended to usurp the throne, Fëanor was banished from Tirion by the [[Valar]]. With him went his [[Sons of Fëanor|seven sons]], and his father Finwë, King of the Noldor. Fingolfin remained behind as the ruler of the Noldor of Tirion.<ref name="Silmarils" />

But Melkor had yet other designs to accomplish. Soon after, with the aid of [[Ungoliant]], he destroyed the [[Two Trees]],<ref>{{S|8}}</ref> and coming to [[Formenos]] he killed Finwë, stole the Silmarils, and departed from Aman. Fëanor, driven by grief and desiring vengeance, rebelled against the Valar by coming back into Tirion and making a speech before the Noldor, in which he persuaded them to leave Valinor, follow Melkor to [[Middle-earth]], and wage war against him for the recovery of the Silmarils. He swore a terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]], as did his [[Sons of Fëanor|sons]], to pursue Melkor and reclaim the Silmarils at all costs. Fëanor then claimed the kingship of the Noldor since his father was dead. Although the greater part of the Noldor still held Fingolfin as their leader, they followed Fëanor into [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]].<ref name="Exile">{{S|9}}</ref>

====Exile====
{{main|Exile of the Noldor}}
Fëanor led the Noldor from Tirion, his host in the front, followed by the hosts of Fingolfin and [[Finarfin]]. He led them to Alqualondë, seeking to persuade the Teleri to join with the Noldor in rebellion. But the Teleri did not wish to depart with the Noldor, nor aid them with the providing of ships. Angered, Fëanor assembled his host, and they took the ships by force, committing the first [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|kinslaying]]. The host of Fingolfin, coming upon the battle and mistakenly believing the Teleri had attacked the Noldor, joined in the struggle, and many of the Teleri were slain. Taking the ships, the Noldor continued their journey northwards. A messenger from the Valar came later and delivered the [[Doom of Mandos]], pronouncing judgement on the Noldor for the Kinslaying and rebellion and warning that if they proceeded their oath would betray them, and moreover they would be slain or tormented by grief. At this, some of the Noldor who had no hand in the Kinslaying, including [[Finarfin]] son of Finwë and [[Indis]], returned to Valinor, and the Valar forgave them. Other Noldor led by Fingolfin remained determined to leave Valinor for Middle-earth, not desiring to be separated from their kin and fearing the Valar's judgement, for some among them had participated in the kinslaying. Among those that continued were [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Finrod]], and [[Galadriel]].<ref name="Exile" />

The Noldor suffered greatly during the cold journey, and began to mutter against Fëanor. Fearing treachery, Fëanor took his sons and those he deemed loyal to him, departing in the ships and crossing the sea to Middle-earth. He left behind those led by Fingolfin, his half-brother. Upon his arrival in Middle-earth, Fëanor had the ships burned. When the Noldor led by Fingolfin discovered their betrayal, they went farther north and crossed the sea at the treacherous [[Helcaraxë]], at the cost of many lives.<ref name="Exile" />

====In Middle-earth====
=====Arrival=====
Fëanor's company encamped in the region of [[Mithrim]] and was soon attacked by the host of Morgoth. The battle became known as a [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], and was a great victory for the Noldor. But Fëanor rode too far from his host during the battle, pursuing the remnant of the [[Orcs]] in a vengeful mood. Several [[Balrogs]], including their Lord [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], issued from [[Angband]] and fought him. Despite battling valiantly, Fëanor was mortally wounded and would have been captured and taken to Angband had it not been for the swift arrival of his sons. However, Fëanor died whilst being carried back to his own people.<ref name="Return">{{S|13}}</ref>

Because Fëanor had taken the ships and left the Noldor led by his half-brother on the west side of the sea, much enmity remained between the Houses of the Noldor. The feud was at last settled when [[Fingon]], son of Fingolfin, saved [[Maedhros]], Fëanor's son, from Morgoth's imprisonment. Maedhros was due to succeed Fëanor, but he regretted his part in the Kinslaying and waived his claim to the kingship of the Noldor to his uncle Fingolfin, who became the first [[High King of the Noldor]] in Middle-earth. The [[House of Fëanor]] became known as ''the Dispossessed'' after this.<ref name="Return" />

=====Kingdom of the Noldor=====
[[File:Mysilvergreen - King Fingon and his lords.jpg|thumb|''King Fingon and his lords'' by [[:Category:Images by Mysilvergreen|Mysilvergreen]]]]
In [[Beleriand]], the Noldor made alliance with the [[Sindar]]<ref name="Realms">{{S|14}}</ref> and later with the [[Edain]].<ref>{{S|17}}</ref> Fingolfin reigned long in the land of [[Hithlum]], and his younger son [[Turgon]] later ruled in his Hidden City of [[Gondolin]]. The Sons of Fëanor, under Maedhros, ruled the lands of [[East Beleriand]], while [[Finrod Felagund]], Finarfin's son, was the [[King of Nargothrond]].<ref name="Realms" />

Fingolfin's reign was marked by warfare against Morgoth and in {{FA|60}}, after their victory in [[Dagor Aglareb]], the Noldor [[Siege of Angband|besieged Angband]], the fortress of Morgoth.<ref>{{GA|78}}</ref> Yet in {{FA|455}},<ref>{{GA|145}}</ref> the Siege was broken by Morgoth in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], and many of the Noldor were slain or scattered. Fingolfin rode in despair to Angband and challenged Morgoth to [[Fall of Fingolfin|single combat]]. He dealt Morgoth seven wounds but perished, and was succeeded by his eldest son [[Fingon]], who became the second [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref>{{S|18}}</ref>

=====Demise=====
In {{FA|472}},<ref>{{GA|219}}</ref> Maedhros [[Union of Maedhros|organised]] an attack on Morgoth and this led to the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], the Battle of Unnumbered Tears. Betrayed by the new-come [[Easterlings]], the forces of the Noldor, Sindar and Edain were utterly defeated. Fingon the Valiant was slain; he was succeeded by his brother [[Turgon]] as the third [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref name="Nirnaeth">{{S|20}}</ref>

Morgoth scattered the remaining forces of the [[Sons of Fëanor]], and in {{FA|495}}, [[Nargothrond]] was also defeated.<ref>{{GA|275}}</ref> Turgon had withdrawn to Gondolin which was kept hidden from both Morgoth and other Elves.<ref name="Nirnaeth" /> In {{FA|510}}, Gondolin was betrayed by [[Maeglin]] and [[Fall of Gondolin|sacked]].<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref> During the attack, Turgon was killed; however, many of his [[Exiles of Gondolin|people escaped]] and found their way to the [[Mouths of Sirion]]. Turgon was the last surviving male descendant of Fingolfin, so [[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin, became the fourth and last [[High King of the Noldor]] in Middle-earth.<ref>{{S|23}}</ref>

Finally, the [[Host of the West]] came down to Middle-earth and in {{FA|545}} to {{FA|583|n}}, the [[War of Wrath]] was fought and Morgoth was cast into the Void.<ref name="End">{{WJ|Years}}, p. 346</ref><ref>{{S|24}}</ref> As a result of the cataclysmic war, Beleriand sank into the sea, except for a part of [[Ossiriand]] (Lindon),<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> and a few [[Tol Morwen|islands]].<ref>{{S|22}}</ref> The defeat of Morgoth marked the end of the [[First Age]] and the start of the [[Second Age|Second]].<ref name="End" />

===Second Age===
Most of the Noldor sailed back to [[Tol Eressea]] at the end of the First Age; but some, like [[Galadriel]] daughter of Finarfin, or [[Celebrimbor]], grandson of Fëanor, refused the pardon of the Valar and remained in Middle-earth. Gil-galad, last heir of the kings of the Noldor in exile, and acknowledged as "High King of the Elves of the West",<ref name="SA">{{App|B}}</ref> founded a new kingdom at Lindon, and ruled throughout the Second Age, longer than any of his predecessors.

[[Gil-galad]]'s people were mainly Noldor<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 65</ref> (especially from [[Gondolin]], but also from the [[House of Finarfin|Houses of Finarfin]] and [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]]); early in the [[Second Age]], most of the Noldor that remained in [[Middle-earth]] lived in Lindon.<ref name="SA" /> During this time, the few [[Exiles]] that remained also lived in Lindon.<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref>

In {{SA|750}}, some Noldor learned that [[mithril]] was found in [[Moria]] under the [[Misty Mountains]], so they went to [[Eregion]]. Because of their legacy as craftsmen, they were less unfriendly to the [[Dwarves]] than the Sindar. They became the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] under [[Celebrimbor]] and formed the closest friendship ever between Elves and Dwarves.<ref name="SA" /> Although war soon befell Eriador along with Celebrimbor's death, remnants of Eregion, including many Noldor, either followed Elrond to establish Imladris or fled to [[Lothlórien]].

Gil-galad perished in the War of the Alliance at the end of the Second Age, and so ended the High Kingship of the Noldor. He fathered no children; however, the line of the High-elven kings, including the High Kingship of the Noldor, was alone preserved in the descendants of [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]].<ref>{{App|A1i}}</ref>

===Later history===
After the fall of [[Gil-galad]] (during the time of the [[Kings of Arnor]]), there was still a remnant of the Noldor who dwelt at the [[Grey Havens]] of further inland in Lindon who constituted the largest population of Noldor remaining in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref> However, in Eriador, the chief dwelling of the Noldor was Imladris.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

In the late [[Third Age]], the Noldor in Middle-earth were greatly diminished, as most had passed over the Sea.<ref>{{L|347}}</ref><ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref> If any remained in the early [[Fourth Age]], they were few.<ref name="eriador" />

After the [[Dominion of Men]] was taken up by [[Aragorn II Elessar]], the last of the Noldor set sail from [[Mithlond]] and left Middle-earth forever.<ref name="rings" />

==Rulers==
{{main|King of the Noldor}}

;In Valinor:
The first two kings were not distinguished as being ''in Valinor'', since the entire population of the Noldor lived in Valinor at that time.

#[[Finwë]], first King of the Noldor.
#[[Fëanor]], first son of Finwë; claimed the title after his father's death.
::[[Finarfin]], third son of Finwë, remained in [[Aman]] after the [[Exile of the Noldor]] and ruled the remnant of his people in [[Tirion]], although he never officialy claimed this title.

;In Middle-earth
::[[Fëanor]] nominally ruled in [[Middle-earth]] for a few months before his fall in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], although he never established a realm.
#[[Fingolfin]], second son of Finwë; held to be the first '''[[High King of the Noldor]]''' by the majority of the Noldor after Maedhros son of Fëanor gave up his claims.
#[[Fingon]], first son of Fingolfin.
#[[Turgon]], second son of Fingolfin.
#[[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin.

==Characteristics==
The Noldor were the Second Clan of the Elves in both order and size, the other clans being the [[Vanyar]], a smaller group, and the [[Teleri]], a much larger one. The Noldor typically had grey eyes and dark hair, save for the members of the golden-haired [[House of Finarfin]].<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, entry Q ''noldo'', p. 125</ref>

From their beginning the Noldor (meaning "Those who Know") were always distinguished, by their knowledge of the things that are and were in this world, and by their desire to learn more.<ref>{{BL|Introduction}}</ref> They were the most skillful of these Clans, and were specially loved by [[Aulë]], from whom they learned many things, although less than they wanted to know. Their skills included the developing of their language, the building of great towers and halls, and gem extraction.<ref>{{MR|P3I5}}, p. 176 (see also the commentary on §40, p. 181)</ref> One of their most famous artefacts were the crystallic [[Fëanorian lamps]]; the craft to make them was lost to Middle-earth when they left.

The Noldor were the proudest of the Elves; in the words of the [[Sindar]], they came to Middle-earth because "they needed room to quarrel in". It was this pride that Melkor used to turn the Houses of [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]] and [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] against each other. The pride of the Noldor also led to their [[Fall of the Noldor|Fall]] and [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]] (and their continued quarrels in Middle-earth, as noted by the Sindar).

Of the three clans of the [[Eldar]] they are also the people who most favours swords and shields as their weapons.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 215 footnote to §29</ref><ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 228 footnote to §49</ref>

The Sindar often called the Noldor '''''Lechind''''' (sing. '''''Lachend'''''), which meant 'flame-eyed' due to the piercing brightness of their eyes. This was the distinctive feature of all the [[Calaquendi|Elves that had dwelt in Aman]], whose eyes thus deeply impressed [[Úmanyar|those of Middle-earth]].<ref name="WJC" />{{rp|384}}

==Etymology==
'''Noldor''' is a [[Quenya]] name that meant "the Wise" (in the sense of possessing knowledge, not sagacity or sound judgment),<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Noldor''</ref> derived from the [[Elvish]] [[Sundocarme|root]] [[NGOL]] ("knowledge, wisdom, lore").<ref name="WJC">{{WJ|C}}</ref>{{rp|383}} This name was given to the Second Clan by the others and was accepted and used as their regular and proper name by all the ''Eldarin'' members of the clan throughout their later history.<ref name="WJC" />{{rp|383}}

Its singular form is '''''[[Noldo]]''''' and the adjective form is '''''Noldorin'''''.

==Other names==
The Noldor were called '''''[[Golodhrim]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ɡɔ:ˈlɔð.rim]}}) by [[Sindarin]]-speakers and '''''Goldoi''''' by the [[Falmari]] of [[Aman]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''golodh''</ref> Both these terms are equivalent to the English ''Deep Elves,'' with "deep" meaning "wise, learned"). The Sindarin singular '''''[[Golodh]]''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡɔ.lɔð]}}) had the plural form '''''[[Gelydh]]''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡɛ.lyð]}}, or in Gondorian pronunciation {{IPA|[ˈɡɛ.lið]}}, archaically '''''[[Gœlydh]]''''' {{IPA|[ˈɡø.lyð]}})<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Golodhrim''</ref>. The class plural, '''''Golodhrim,''''' was used for the people as a whole.<ref name="WJA">{{WJ|A}}, p. 364</ref> Later the Sindar replaced these with '''''Gódhil''''' (sing. '''''Gódhel''''') or '''''Gódhellim''''' ({{IPA|[ɡoːˈðel.lim]}}), which, in turn, was a modernised form of ''Ódhil'' or ''Ódhellim'', Sindarin name for the [[Amanyar]].<ref name="WJA" />

The Noldor were known as the "'''Deep-elves'''".<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref> Other names used for the Noldor included the Wise, the Golden, the Valiant, the Sword-elves, the Elves of the Earth, the Foes of Melkor, the Skilled of Hand, the Jewel-wrights, the Companions of Men, the Followers of Finwë<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}, p. 164</ref> and Loremasters.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', "Index", ''Noldor''</ref> It is also told that the Noldor were often called the Lispers by other native speakers of Quenya (such as the [[Vanyar]]), since the Noldor generally did not retain the sound "th" [θ] in their speech.<ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 34</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
{{Main|Gnomes}}
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's [[Legendarium]], the Noldor were called '<nowiki/>'''Noldoli'<nowiki/>''' or '<nowiki/>'''[[Gnomes]]''''. They were still called ''Gnomes'' in early editions of ''[[The Hobbit]]''. They were also the ones who spoke the language that later became [[Sindarin]] (then called ''Gnomish'' or ''Noldorin'').

The spelling Ñoldor, rather than Noldor, was used by Tolkien in his later writings. <ref group="note">The character '''ñ''' is employed here to represent the velar nasal [ŋ], the sound found at the end of the English word "si'''ng'''", ''not'' the palatal nasal [ɲ], as in Spanish "a'''ñ'''o".</ref> But even in earlier versions the name ''Ñoldo'' came from a [[Primitive Quendian]] stem *ñgolodō, which led to ''Ñoldo'' in [[Quenya]] and ''Golodh'' in [[Sindarin]].

==See also==
*[[Quenya]]
*[[Exile of the Noldor]]
*[[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]
*[[Fall of the Noldor]]
*[[Doom of Mandos]]

{{references}}
{{elves}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Noldor| ]]
[[Category:Quenya demonyms]]
[[de:Noldor]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/noldor]]
[[fi:Noldor]]
[[pt-br:Noldor]]

Noldor

2025-06-28T06:21:49Z

Parmandil: Cleaned up Sindarin plurals, þ > s happened non-medially, simplified ñ note

{{sources}}{{people infobox
| name=Noldor
| image = Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin.jpg
| caption="The Coming of Fingolfin" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈnoldor]}}/{{IPA|[ˈɲoldor]}}
| othernames=''Tatyar'' ([[Quenya|Q]]), ''Golodhrim'', ''Gelydh'' (''Gódhellim'', ''Gódhil'') ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nómin'' ([[Taliska|T]]), ''Golug'' ([[Black Speech|BS]]), Deep Elves, Loremasters
| location=[[Tirion]], [[Formenos]], [[Nevrast]], [[Hithlum]], [[Gondolin]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Dorthonion]], [[East Beleriand]], [[Lindon]], [[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Imladris]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Host of the West]], [[Last Alliance]], [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]], [[White Council]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Finwë]], [[Fëanor]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Finarfin]], [[Maedhros]], [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Celebrimbor]]
| lifespan=[[Immortal]]
| distinctions=The greatest of the Elves in lore, craftsmanship, knowledge, and warfare
| height=Typically 7 feet<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>
| hair=Usually dark (dark brown or black), rarely golden, silver, ginger, or reddish brown
| skin=Fair
| clothing=
| weapons=Swords and shields
}}
{{quote|Next came the Noldor, a name of wisdom, the people of [[Finwë]]. They are the Deep Elves, the friends of [[Aulë]]; and they are renowned in song, for they fought and laboured long and grievously in the northern lands of old.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]"}}
The '''Noldor''', or '''Ñoldor''', were those of the second clan of the [[Elves]] who came to [[Aman]]. The Noldor were held to be the noblest of the Elves, and indeed of all peoples in [[Middle-earth]], in lore and in craftsmanship. In [[Valinor]], their wisdom and skill flourished exceedingly, and ever they hungered for deeper knowledge and greater mastery of the arts, so that in many matters they even outstripped their own teachers. They cherished also a love of words, and were ever shifting in speech, striving to devise names most fitting for all things. This rich inheritance of knowledge they later passed on to [[Men]] during their [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]].

Their first [[King of the Noldor|King]] was [[Finwë]], who was slain by [[Morgoth]]. In the wake of his death and the theft of the [[Silmarils|jewels]], Finwë’s son [[Fëanor]] led the Noldor in rebellion, vowing vengeance upon Morgoth. The war of the Noldor against Morgoth comprises many of the greatest tales of the [[First Age]].

==Origins==
According to legend, the clan was founded by [[Tata]], the second Elf to awake at [[Cuiviénen]]. With him were his spouse Tatië and their 54 companions, and this clan became known as the '''''Tatyar'''''. [[Finwë]], the first Ñoldo to come to [[Valinor]] with [[Oromë]], became their King, and led most of them to Valinor. Out of the original 56 Tatyar who awoke at Cuiviénen, 28 remained at the place of their awakening, becoming [[Avari]], while the other original 28 and their offspring continued on their [[Great Journey]].

==History==
===Elder Days===
====In Valinor====
[[File:Konstantin Zahariev - A Noldorin Prince.jpg|thumb|''A Noldorin Prince'' by Konstantin Zahariev]]
The Noldor were accounted the greatest of the Elves and all the peoples in [[Middle-earth]] in lore and crafts. In Valinor, their knowledge and skill became great, and they had always a strong desire for more knowledge and skill in art, surpassing even their teachers in many things. The Noldor had also a love for words, and were changeful in speech, endeavouring to find suitable names for all things. They were beloved of [[Aulë]] the Smith, and were the first to discover and carve gems. Their chief dwelling-place was the city of [[Tirion]] upon [[Túna]].<ref name="Eldamar">{{S|5}}</ref> Among the wisest of the Noldor was [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]], creator of the first writing system and author of many books of lore.<ref name="Unchaining">{{S|6}}</ref> [[Fëanor]], son of Finwë and [[Míriel]], was the greatest of their craftsmen, "mightiest in skill of word and of hand",<ref name="Eldamar" /> and creator of the [[Silmarils]].<ref name="Silmarils">{{S|7}}</ref>

[[Melkor]] harboured a hatred for the Elves, despising their joy and blaming them for his downfall, and he sought to deceive them by feigning friendship. The Noldor, eager for knowledge, listened to him most readily of the kindreds. So he went often among them, offering counsel, and the Noldor hearkened to him.<ref name="Unchaining" /> During this time, Fëanor created the Silmarils, and Melkor, desiring them greatly, sought ever to spread ideas and rumours among the Noldor. But amid his seemingly good advice, Melkor sowed lies to turn one House of the Noldor against another, and in the end the peace in Tirion was poisoned. After threatening his half-brother [[Fingolfin]], believing falsely that Fingolfin intended to usurp the throne, Fëanor was banished from Tirion by the [[Valar]]. With him went his [[Sons of Fëanor|seven sons]], and his father Finwë, King of the Noldor. Fingolfin remained behind as the ruler of the Noldor of Tirion.<ref name="Silmarils" />

But Melkor had yet other designs to accomplish. Soon after, with the aid of [[Ungoliant]], he destroyed the [[Two Trees]],<ref>{{S|8}}</ref> and coming to [[Formenos]] he killed Finwë, stole the Silmarils, and departed from Aman. Fëanor, driven by grief and desiring vengeance, rebelled against the Valar by coming back into Tirion and making a speech before the Noldor, in which he persuaded them to leave Valinor, follow Melkor to [[Middle-earth]], and wage war against him for the recovery of the Silmarils. He swore a terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]], as did his [[Sons of Fëanor|sons]], to pursue Melkor and reclaim the Silmarils at all costs. Fëanor then claimed the kingship of the Noldor since his father was dead. Although the greater part of the Noldor still held Fingolfin as their leader, they followed Fëanor into [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]].<ref name="Exile">{{S|9}}</ref>

====Exile====
{{main|Exile of the Noldor}}
Fëanor led the Noldor from Tirion, his host in the front, followed by the hosts of Fingolfin and [[Finarfin]]. He led them to Alqualondë, seeking to persuade the Teleri to join with the Noldor in rebellion. But the Teleri did not wish to depart with the Noldor, nor aid them with the providing of ships. Angered, Fëanor assembled his host, and they took the ships by force, committing the first [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|kinslaying]]. The host of Fingolfin, coming upon the battle and mistakenly believing the Teleri had attacked the Noldor, joined in the struggle, and many of the Teleri were slain. Taking the ships, the Noldor continued their journey northwards. A messenger from the Valar came later and delivered the [[Doom of Mandos]], pronouncing judgement on the Noldor for the Kinslaying and rebellion and warning that if they proceeded their oath would betray them, and moreover they would be slain or tormented by grief. At this, some of the Noldor who had no hand in the Kinslaying, including [[Finarfin]] son of Finwë and [[Indis]], returned to Valinor, and the Valar forgave them. Other Noldor led by Fingolfin remained determined to leave Valinor for Middle-earth, not desiring to be separated from their kin and fearing the Valar's judgement, for some among them had participated in the kinslaying. Among those that continued were [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Finrod]], and [[Galadriel]].<ref name="Exile" />

The Noldor suffered greatly during the cold journey, and began to mutter against Fëanor. Fearing treachery, Fëanor took his sons and those he deemed loyal to him, departing in the ships and crossing the sea to Middle-earth. He left behind those led by Fingolfin, his half-brother. Upon his arrival in Middle-earth, Fëanor had the ships burned. When the Noldor led by Fingolfin discovered their betrayal, they went farther north and crossed the sea at the treacherous [[Helcaraxë]], at the cost of many lives.<ref name="Exile" />

====In Middle-earth====
=====Arrival=====
Fëanor's company encamped in the region of [[Mithrim]] and was soon attacked by the host of Morgoth. The battle became known as a [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], and was a great victory for the Noldor. But Fëanor rode too far from his host during the battle, pursuing the remnant of the [[Orcs]] in a vengeful mood. Several [[Balrogs]], including their Lord [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], issued from [[Angband]] and fought him. Despite battling valiantly, Fëanor was mortally wounded and would have been captured and taken to Angband had it not been for the swift arrival of his sons. However, Fëanor died whilst being carried back to his own people.<ref name="Return">{{S|13}}</ref>

Because Fëanor had taken the ships and left the Noldor led by his half-brother on the west side of the sea, much enmity remained between the Houses of the Noldor. The feud was at last settled when [[Fingon]], son of Fingolfin, saved [[Maedhros]], Fëanor's son, from Morgoth's imprisonment. Maedhros was due to succeed Fëanor, but he regretted his part in the Kinslaying and waived his claim to the kingship of the Noldor to his uncle Fingolfin, who became the first [[High King of the Noldor]] in Middle-earth. The [[House of Fëanor]] became known as ''the Dispossessed'' after this.<ref name="Return" />

=====Kingdom of the Noldor=====
[[File:Mysilvergreen - King Fingon and his lords.jpg|thumb|''King Fingon and his lords'' by [[:Category:Images by Mysilvergreen|Mysilvergreen]]]]
In [[Beleriand]], the Noldor made alliance with the [[Sindar]]<ref name="Realms">{{S|14}}</ref> and later with the [[Edain]].<ref>{{S|17}}</ref> Fingolfin reigned long in the land of [[Hithlum]], and his younger son [[Turgon]] later ruled in his Hidden City of [[Gondolin]]. The Sons of Fëanor, under Maedhros, ruled the lands of [[East Beleriand]], while [[Finrod Felagund]], Finarfin's son, was the [[King of Nargothrond]].<ref name="Realms" />

Fingolfin's reign was marked by warfare against Morgoth and in {{FA|60}}, after their victory in [[Dagor Aglareb]], the Noldor [[Siege of Angband|besieged Angband]], the fortress of Morgoth.<ref>{{GA|78}}</ref> Yet in {{FA|455}},<ref>{{GA|145}}</ref> the Siege was broken by Morgoth in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], and many of the Noldor were slain or scattered. Fingolfin rode in despair to Angband and challenged Morgoth to [[Fall of Fingolfin|single combat]]. He dealt Morgoth seven wounds but perished, and was succeeded by his eldest son [[Fingon]], who became the second [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref>{{S|18}}</ref>

=====Demise=====
In {{FA|472}},<ref>{{GA|219}}</ref> Maedhros [[Union of Maedhros|organised]] an attack on Morgoth and this led to the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], the Battle of Unnumbered Tears. Betrayed by the new-come [[Easterlings]], the forces of the Noldor, Sindar and Edain were utterly defeated. Fingon the Valiant was slain; he was succeeded by his brother [[Turgon]] as the third [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref name="Nirnaeth">{{S|20}}</ref>

Morgoth scattered the remaining forces of the [[Sons of Fëanor]], and in {{FA|495}}, [[Nargothrond]] was also defeated.<ref>{{GA|275}}</ref> Turgon had withdrawn to Gondolin which was kept hidden from both Morgoth and other Elves.<ref name="Nirnaeth" /> In {{FA|510}}, Gondolin was betrayed by [[Maeglin]] and [[Fall of Gondolin|sacked]].<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref> During the attack, Turgon was killed; however, many of his [[Exiles of Gondolin|people escaped]] and found their way to the [[Mouths of Sirion]]. Turgon was the last surviving male descendant of Fingolfin, so [[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin, became the fourth and last [[High King of the Noldor]] in Middle-earth.<ref>{{S|23}}</ref>

Finally, the [[Host of the West]] came down to Middle-earth and in {{FA|545}} to {{FA|583|n}}, the [[War of Wrath]] was fought and Morgoth was cast into the Void.<ref name="End">{{WJ|Years}}, p. 346</ref><ref>{{S|24}}</ref> As a result of the cataclysmic war, Beleriand sank into the sea, except for a part of [[Ossiriand]] (Lindon),<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> and a few [[Tol Morwen|islands]].<ref>{{S|22}}</ref> The defeat of Morgoth marked the end of the [[First Age]] and the start of the [[Second Age|Second]].<ref name="End" />

===Second Age===
Most of the Noldor sailed back to [[Tol Eressea]] at the end of the First Age; but some, like [[Galadriel]] daughter of Finarfin, or [[Celebrimbor]], grandson of Fëanor, refused the pardon of the Valar and remained in Middle-earth. Gil-galad, last heir of the kings of the Noldor in exile, and acknowledged as "High King of the Elves of the West",<ref name="SA">{{App|B}}</ref> founded a new kingdom at Lindon, and ruled throughout the Second Age, longer than any of his predecessors.

[[Gil-galad]]'s people were mainly Noldor<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 65</ref> (especially from [[Gondolin]], but also from the [[House of Finarfin|Houses of Finarfin]] and [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]]); early in the [[Second Age]], most of the Noldor that remained in [[Middle-earth]] lived in Lindon.<ref name="SA" /> During this time, the few [[Exiles]] that remained also lived in Lindon.<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref>

In {{SA|750}}, some Noldor learned that [[mithril]] was found in [[Moria]] under the [[Misty Mountains]], so they went to [[Eregion]]. Because of their legacy as craftsmen, they were less unfriendly to the [[Dwarves]] than the Sindar. They became the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] under [[Celebrimbor]] and formed the closest friendship ever between Elves and Dwarves.<ref name="SA" /> Although war soon befell Eriador along with Celebrimbor's death, remnants of Eregion, including many Noldor, either followed Elrond to establish Imladris or fled to [[Lothlórien]].

Gil-galad perished in the War of the Alliance at the end of the Second Age, and so ended the High Kingship of the Noldor. He fathered no children; however, the line of the High-elven kings, including the High Kingship of the Noldor, was alone preserved in the descendants of [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]].<ref>{{App|A1i}}</ref>

===Later history===
After the fall of [[Gil-galad]] (during the time of the [[Kings of Arnor]]), there was still a remnant of the Noldor who dwelt at the [[Grey Havens]] of further inland in Lindon who constituted the largest population of Noldor remaining in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref> However, in Eriador, the chief dwelling of the Noldor was Imladris.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

In the late [[Third Age]], the Noldor in Middle-earth were greatly diminished, as most had passed over the Sea.<ref>{{L|347}}</ref><ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref> If any remained in the early [[Fourth Age]], they were few.<ref name="eriador" />

After the [[Dominion of Men]] was taken up by [[Aragorn II Elessar]], the last of the Noldor set sail from [[Mithlond]] and left Middle-earth forever.<ref name="rings" />

==Rulers==
{{main|King of the Noldor}}

;In Valinor:
The first two kings were not distinguished as being ''in Valinor'', since the entire population of the Noldor lived in Valinor at that time.

#[[Finwë]], first King of the Noldor.
#[[Fëanor]], first son of Finwë; claimed the title after his father's death.
::[[Finarfin]], third son of Finwë, remained in [[Aman]] after the [[Exile of the Noldor]] and ruled the remnant of his people in [[Tirion]], although he never officialy claimed this title.

;In Middle-earth
::[[Fëanor]] nominally ruled in [[Middle-earth]] for a few months before his fall in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], although he never established a realm.
#[[Fingolfin]], second son of Finwë; held to be the first '''[[High King of the Noldor]]''' by the majority of the Noldor after Maedhros son of Fëanor gave up his claims.
#[[Fingon]], first son of Fingolfin.
#[[Turgon]], second son of Fingolfin.
#[[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin.

==Characteristics==
The Noldor were the Second Clan of the Elves in both order and size, the other clans being the [[Vanyar]], a smaller group, and the [[Teleri]], a much larger one. The Noldor typically had grey eyes and dark hair, save for the members of the golden-haired [[House of Finarfin]].<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, entry Q ''noldo'', p. 125</ref>

From their beginning the Noldor (meaning "Those who Know") were always distinguished, by their knowledge of the things that are and were in this world, and by their desire to learn more.<ref>{{BL|Introduction}}</ref> They were the most skillful of these Clans, and were specially loved by [[Aulë]], from whom they learned many things, although less than they wanted to know. Their skills included the developing of their language, the building of great towers and halls, and gem extraction.<ref>{{MR|P3I5}}, p. 176 (see also the commentary on §40, p. 181)</ref> One of their most famous artefacts were the crystallic [[Fëanorian lamps]]; the craft to make them was lost to Middle-earth when they left.

The Noldor were the proudest of the Elves; in the words of the [[Sindar]], they came to Middle-earth because "they needed room to quarrel in". It was this pride that Melkor used to turn the Houses of [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]] and [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] against each other. The pride of the Noldor also led to their [[Fall of the Noldor|Fall]] and [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]] (and their continued quarrels in Middle-earth, as noted by the Sindar).

Of the three clans of the [[Eldar]] they are also the people who most favours swords and shields as their weapons.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 215 footnote to §29</ref><ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 228 footnote to §49</ref>

The Sindar often called the Noldor '''''Lechind''''' (sing. '''''Lachend'''''), which meant 'flame-eyed' due to the piercing brightness of their eyes. This was the distinctive feature of all the [[Calaquendi|Elves that had dwelt in Aman]], whose eyes thus deeply impressed [[Úmanyar|those of Middle-earth]].<ref name="WJC" />{{rp|384}}

==Etymology==
'''Noldor''' is a [[Quenya]] name that meant "the Wise" (in the sense of possessing knowledge, not sagacity or sound judgment),<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Noldor''</ref> derived from the [[Elvish]] [[Sundocarme|root]] [[NGOL]] ("knowledge, wisdom, lore").<ref name="WJC">{{WJ|C}}</ref>{{rp|383}} This name was given to the Second Clan by the others and was accepted and used as their regular and proper name by all the ''Eldarin'' members of the clan throughout their later history.<ref name="WJC" />{{rp|383}}

Its singular form is '''''[[Noldo]]''''' and the adjective form is '''''Noldorin'''''.

==Other names==
The Noldor were called '''''[[Golodhrim]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ɡɔ:ˈlɔð.rim]}}) by [[Sindarin]]-speakers and '''''Goldoi''''' by the [[Falmari]] of [[Aman]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''golodh''</ref> Both these terms are equivalent to the English ''Deep Elves,'' with "deep" meaning "wise, learned"). The Sindarin singular '''''[[Golodh]]''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡɔ.lɔð]}}) had the plural form '''''[[Gelydh]]''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡɛ.lyð]}}, or in Gondorian pronunciation {{IPA|[ˈɡɛ.lið]}}, archaically '''''[[Gœlydh]]''''' {{IPA|[ˈɡø.lyð]}})<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Golodhrim''</ref>. The class plural, '''''Golodhrim,''''' was used for the people as a whole.<ref name="WJA">{{WJ|A}}, p. 364</ref> Later the Sindar replaced these with '''''Gódhil''''' (sing. '''''Gódhel''''') or '''''Gódhellim''''' ({{IPA|[ɡoːˈðel.lim]}}), which, in turn, was a modernised form of ''Ódhil'' or ''Ódhellim'', Sindarin name for the [[Amanyar]].<ref name="WJA" />

The Noldor were known as the "'''Deep-elves'''".<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref> Other names used for the Noldor included the Wise, the Golden, the Valiant, the Sword-elves, the Elves of the Earth, the Foes of Melkor, the Skilled of Hand, the Jewel-wrights, the Companions of Men, the Followers of Finwë<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}, p. 164</ref> and Loremasters.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', "Index", ''Noldor''</ref> It is also told that the Noldor were often called the Lispers by other native speakers of Quenya (such as the [[Vanyar]]), since the Noldor generally did not retain the sound "th" [θ] in their speech.<ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 34</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
{{Main|Gnomes}}
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's [[Legendarium]], the Noldor were called '<nowiki/>'''Noldoli'<nowiki/>''' or '<nowiki/>'''[[Gnomes]]''''. They were still called ''Gnomes'' in early editions of ''[[The Hobbit]]''. They were also the ones who spoke the language that later became [[Sindarin]] (then called ''Gnomish'' or ''Noldorin'').

The spelling Ñoldor, rather than Noldor, was used by Tolkien in his later writings. The character '''ñ''' is employed here to represent the velar nasal [ŋ], the sound found at the end of the English word "si'''ng'''", ''not'' the palatal nasal [ɲ], as in Spanish "a'''ñ'''o". But even in earlier versions the name ''Ñoldo'' came from a [[Primitive Quendian]] stem *ñgolodō, which led to ''Ñoldo'' in [[Quenya]] and ''Golodh'' in [[Sindarin]].

==See also==
*[[Quenya]]
*[[Exile of the Noldor]]
*[[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]
*[[Fall of the Noldor]]
*[[Doom of Mandos]]

{{references}}
{{elves}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Noldor| ]]
[[Category:Quenya demonyms]]
[[de:Noldor]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/noldor]]
[[fi:Noldor]]
[[pt-br:Noldor]]

Ingwë

2025-06-28T06:04:58Z

Parmandil: Context for name

{{expansion}}
{{disambig-two|the High King of the Elves|[[Men|Mannish]] King of [[Luthany]]|[[Ing|Ingwë]]}}
{{short description|High King of the Elves}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Vanyar|Vanya]]
| name=Ingwë
| image=Alice Falto - Ingwe.jpg
| caption="Ingwe" by [[:Category:Images by Alice Falto|Alice Falto]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈiŋʷɡʷe]}}
| othernames=''Ingweron'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| titles=High King of the Elves
| position=
| location=[[Middle-earth]] [[Eldamar]] ([[Tirion]]) [[Valinor]] ([[Taniquetil]])
| affiliation=
| language=[[Vanyarin]]
| birth=Between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|3}}</ref>
| rule=From {{YT|1105}}
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Imin]]<ref>{{NM|P1xiii}}, p. 95</ref>/[[House of Ingwë]]<ref>{{PM|XI2}}, p. 334</ref>
| parentage=[[Ilion]]<ref name=Ilion/>
| siblings=Unnamed sister (mother of [[Indis]])<ref name=Shib>{{PM|Shibboleth}}</ref> Possibly at least one younger brother<ref name=Ilion>{{NM|P1xvii}}, p. 128</ref>
| spouse=[[Ilwen]]
| children=Unnamed children, including [[Ingwion]]<ref>{{LR|P2III}}</ref>
| gender=Male
| height=Tall<ref name=Ilion/>
| hair=Golden and curly<ref name="Cur">{{NM|P2iv}}, p. 186</ref>
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{Quote|But Ingwë was ever held the High King of all the Elves.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Eldamar and the Princes of the Eldalië]]"}}

'''Ingwë''' was the King of the [[Vanyar]], and the High King of the Elves.<ref name="princes" />

==History==
Ingwë was one of the [[Minyar]] born at [[Cuiviénen]]. He was the eldest son of [[Ilion]], and a descendant of [[Imin]] and [[Iminyë]], from eldest son to eldest son. He was beloved by his people, and at some point before the [[Great Journey]] he wed [[Ilwen]] and had several children at Cuiviénen by the time [[Oromë]] found the [[Quendi]].<ref name="Gol">{{NM|P1xvii}}, pp. 127-128</ref>

When Oromë invited them to [[Aman]], Ingwë, along with [[Finwë]] and [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]], were the most eager to visit, and so followed him as ambassadors and travelled to the Blessed Realm. Once there, Ingwë desired to "dwell in the presence of Varda", and was reluctant to return to [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Ard" />

When they returned, they held a [[Debate of the Quendi|great debate]], and told their peoples about its beauty and bliss and became their leaders during the [[Great March]]. Ingwë was the leader of the [[Vanyar]], the foremost of the clans to follow Oromë, who were the most eager to reach the [[West]], which they did quickly.<ref name="journey">{{S|3}}</ref>

After the [[Great Journey]], Ingwë never returned or set eyes upon [[Middle-earth]] again.<ref name="journey">{{S|3}}</ref>

He lived in [[Tirion]] for a while, where he also built the great, white tower at the topmost part of the city, called [[Mindon Eldaliéva]] or the Tower of Ingwë. It was never used, except by those who tended to the lamp at its summit.<ref>{{LR|Lhammas}}, p. 173</ref><ref group="note">This detail is only found in ''Quenta Noldorinwa'' and the ''Lhammas'' from the 1930s.</ref>

There he begot many children, as noted by Finwë when Finwë complained to the Valar about his widowhood.<ref>{{MR|P3II2}}, p. 206</ref>

At some point, however, he went to live on [[Taniquetil]] at the feet of [[Manwë]].<ref name="princes">{{S|5}}</ref>

[[Indis]], the second wife of [[Finwë]], was of his close kin.<ref>{{S|6}}</ref>

==Characteristics==
Ingwë is described as being tall and beautiful,<ref name="Gol" /> and his hair as golden and curly.<ref name="Cur" /> He is also said to have been "more given to thought than arts".<ref name="Gol" />

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ingwe.mp3|Ardamir}}
The name ''Ingwë'' is in [[Quenya]]. It is glossed as "Chief" by ''[[Eldamo]]'', being derived from the root [[ING]] ("first, foremost"), to which is attached the suffix ''[[-wë]]'' ("person").<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=http://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2208467609.html|articlename=Q. ''Ingwë'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=20 April 2022}}</ref>

The Vanyar called themselves the ''Ingwi'', the chieftains, on account of being considered the leaders and principal kindred of the Eldar, and their king's proper title was '''''Ingwë Ingweron''''': ‘chief of the chieftains’.<ref name="Shib" />{{rp|420}}

In the earlier [[The Etymologies|''Etymologies'']], ''Ingwë'' is said to be a compound of ''[[inga|ing]]'' ("first") + the ending ''[[-wë|-we]]'' ("man").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "ING", "WEG"</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | IMI |y| IME | | | | | |IMI=[[Imin]] ''awoke {{YT|1050}}''|IME=[[Iminyë]] ''awoke {{YT|1050}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ILI | | | | | | | |ILI=[[Ilion]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | UNF |y| UNK | | ING |y| ILW | |ING='''INGWË''' ''b. {{YT}}''|UNK=''unknown mother''|UNF=''unknown father''|ILW=[[Ilwen]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | MÍR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | INW | | | | CHI |FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|MÍR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|CHI=''unknown children''|INW=[[Ingwion]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree | | | FËA | | FND | | FNG | | IRI | | FNR | |FËA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FND=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRI=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNR=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===Early legendarium===
In the early version of the [[legendarium]], according to ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', the character that would later become known as ''Ingwë'' was called '''Inwë'''.<ref name="Com">{{LT1|In}}, p. 26</ref>

Inwë was one of the three Elves (the other two being [[Finwë]] and [[Tinwë]]) that volunteered to go with [[Nornorë]], the messenger of the [[Valar]], to [[Valinor]], after their discovery at [[Koivië-néni]] - for [[Manwë]] wished to learn about their "coming" and their "desires".<ref>{{LT1|V}}, p. 115</ref>

When Inwë arrived to Valinor, he was filled with wonder and longing for the light of [[Laurelin]], one of the [[Two Trees]], and his words moved [[Yavanna]] and [[Vána]] so that they convinced most of the other Valar to summon the Elves to Valinor to live amongst them. So Inwë and the other ambassadors were sent back to Koivië-néni, and managed to convince most of the Elves to come live with the Valar.<ref>{{LT1|V}}, p. 116-8</ref>

Thereafter, Inwë became the leader of the [[Vanyar|Teleri]], the first clan of the Elves, and led them to Valinor. He was also regarded as the eldest<ref name="Dea">{{LT1|V}}, p. 129</ref> and greatest<ref>{{LT1|V}}, p. 116</ref> of all the Elves, and afterwards was considered the King of all the Eldar,<ref name="Gil">{{LT1|I}}, p. 16</ref> and his home was at the highest point in [[Kôr]], a great elven city in Valinor, which had a [[Mindon Eldaliéva#Other versions of the legendarium|silver tower]] "shooting skyward like a needle".<ref>{{LT1|V}}, p. 122</ref> The Valar also gave Inwë a seedling of one of the Two Trees, which "blossomed eternally without abating" in his court.<ref>{{LT1|V}}, p. 123</ref>

Many years later, after the [[fall of Gondolin]], the Elves of [[Kôr]] heard of the plight of the [[Gnomes]] who were enslaved by [[Melko]], and against the wishes of the Valar, Inwë led them to the [[Great Lands]] to wage war against Melko.

And even though the Elves were victorious, and Melko defeated and bound by [[Tulkas]], Inwë was, however, killed during the war.<ref name="Dea" />

After the war, with the Elves being forbidden to return to Valinor,<ref>{{LT2|VI}}, outline '''3''', p. 280</ref> Ingil his son led them from the Great Lands to [[Tol Eressëa]], the Lonely Isle, where he became their leader.<ref name="Gil" />

His kin and descendants were called the [[Inwir]], one of whom was [[Meril-i-Turinqi]] his great-granddaughter,<ref name="Dea" /> the Lady of Tol Eressëa at the time of the arrival of [[Eriol]] the Mariner, in c. [[wikipedia:5th century|5th century AD]].<ref name="Com" />

In one outline, the island of Tol Eressëa was also called ''[[Inwinórë]]'' after Inwë, but that was later changed to ''[[Ingilnórë]]'', in honour of his son Ingil instead.<ref>{{PE|12}}, p. xiii</ref>

Inwë might have spoken [[Inwelin]], a dialect of [[Telellin]] spoken by the royal clan of Inwir.<ref>{{PE|12}}, p. 2</ref>

====Ingwë of Luthany====
In later outlines of the ''Book of Lost Tales'', in which Tol Eressëa ceased to be identified with England, the island of [[Luthany]] appears as a precursor to England, from which the Elves of the Great Lands sail ''to'' Tol Eressëa, now a separate island.<ref>{{LT2|VI}}, pp. 300-1</ref>

In that conception of the legendarium, there appears a character called Ing or Ingwë, a [[Men|Mannish]] King of Luthany who helps and welcomes the Elves to his land, after their war with Melko and, afterwards, with unfriendly Men in the Great Lands.<ref>{{LT2|VI}}, outline '''18''', pp. 302-3</ref>

However, he is ''not'' to be identified with the character of Inwë, or that of Ingwë in the later legendarium, even though [[Christopher Tolkien]] feels there has to be some connection between the two characters.<ref>{{LT2|VI}}, outline '''21''', pp. 304-5</ref>

====Early etymology====
The name ''Inwë'' is in [[Qenya]]. In the ''[[Qenya Lexicon]]'', it is said to be derived from the root [[INI]] ("small"),<ref name="Ing">{{LT1|Appendix}}, p. 256</ref> but the earlier, original gloss of the root was "[[fairy]]".<ref>{{PE|12}}, pp. 42-3</ref>

====Other names====
The [[Gnomish]] cognate of ''Inwë'' is '''''Inwithiel''''',<ref name="Gil" /> changed from '''''Gim Githil'''''.<ref>{{LT1|I}}, Changes made to names in ''The Cottage of Lost Play'', p. 22</ref>

His proper (Gnomish) name, according to the ''[[Gnomish Lexicon]]'' was '''''Inweg''''' or '''''Im''''', with '''''Githil''''' being the Gnomish cognate of '''''Isil''''', another one of his names.<ref name="Ing" /> '''''Githiel''''' was the poetic form of ''Githil''.<ref>{{PE|11}}, p. 39</ref>

The original Gnomish form of his name was '''''Ginweg''''', later changed to '''''Gim''''' or ''Githil''.<ref>{{PE|12}}, p. xx</ref>

He was also called '''''Tur yan Eldaron''''', meaning "King of the Elves" in Qenya, with '''''Tur nan Églathon''''' being its Gnomish equivalent.<ref>{{PE|15}}, "[[Names and Required Alterations]]", ''Appendix'', ''Text VIII'', p. 16</ref>

In the ''[[Sketch of the Mythology]]'', from c. [[1926]], the name '''''Ing''''' is described as being the Gnomish form of ''Ingwë'', as opposed to the earlier conception of ''Ing'' being a rejected Qenya form of ''Inwë''.<ref>{{SM|2a}}, p. 44</ref>

====Early genealogy====
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | INW |INW='''INWË'''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ING |ING=[[Ingil]]}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | UNK |UNK=''unknown child''}}
{{familytree | |!| |}}
{{familytree | MER |MER=[[Meril-i-Turinqi]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

===Later legendarium===
====''Quenta Noldorinwa'' and the ''Lhammas''====
In the ''[[Lhammas]]'', a text from the 1930s, Ingwë is mentioned as one of the original, and the eldest, of the Elves to be [[Awakening of the Elves|awakened]] at [[Cuiviénen]], and who led his people, chief of whom were known as the ''Ingwelindar'' or ''Ingwi'', to [[Aman]].<ref>{{LR|Lhammas}}, p. 171</ref>

In the ''[[Quenta Noldorinwa]]'' from c. [[1930]], he was still supposed to be one of the leaders of the Eldar in the [[War of Wrath]] (unlike in the later versions, where it was his son Ingwion who led them), and he was still supposed to die in that war, as in the early legendarium in the ''Book of Lost Tales''.<ref>{{SM|CQ2}}, p. 168</ref>

====The Three Ambassadors====
Ingwe was mentioned in several texts which were eventually published in ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]''. As in the published ''Silmarillion'' several of them describe him, as one of the [[Three Ambassadors]], going to Aman and witnessing its splendor.

According to one text, the ambassadors, after their return to Middle-earth, spoke to the Elves at Cuiviénen. There, Ingwë spoke with great reverence towards the three [[Elf-fathers]], regretting the fact that they themselves were unwilling to go and visit Aman, but he nonetheless asked Oromë whether or not they might still go there, and judge for themselves whether or not the Elves should embark on the [[Great Journey]] - unfortunately, the three Elf-fathers were unwilling to go.

In another text, [[Tolkien]] changed his mind about the nature of the three ambassadors, and instead proposed that [[Imin]], [[Tata]] and [[Enel]], the three Elf-fathers, ought to become the three ambassadors to Aman, with Ingwë, Finwë and Elwë accompanying them as the representatives of the younger generations of the Elves.

There, the three (new) ambassadors were undecided, and therefore, the Elves of Cuiviénen asked their younger associates to speak. Here Ingwë, again, spoke with reverence towards Imin, Tata and Enel, and ultimately agreed with Imin in his desire for the beauty of Valinor.

Finally, Imin agreed to a vote, and about two thirds of the Elves gathered at the time agreed to go to Aman.<ref name="Ard">{{NM|P1xiii}}, pp. 96-98</ref>

=====Ingwë's family=====
{{expansion}}

{{references|notes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingwe}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=vanyar
| house=[[House of Imin]]/[[House of Ingwë]]
| born=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1102|n}}
| died=
}}
{{Seq
| prow=2
| pvac=None
| prev=''[[Imin]], as Chieftain of the [[Minyar]]''
| list=High King of the [[Elves]]
| dates=from {{YT|1105}}
| nvac=None
| next=Incumbent
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| list=King of the [[Vanyar]]
| dates=from {{YT|1105}}
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Imin]]
[[Category:House of Ingwë]]
[[Category:Minyar]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Rulers in Aman]]
[[Category:Teleri (early legendarium)]]
[[Category:Vanyar]]
[[de:Ingwe]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/elfes/vanyar/ingwe]]
[[fi:Ingwë]]

Golodh

2025-06-27T14:50:17Z

Parmandil:

'''''golodh''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈɡoloð]}}), plural '''''gelydh''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡelyð]}}, later {{IPA|[ˈɡelið]}}) or older '''''gœlydh''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡølyð]}}), is the [[Sindarin]] word for "one of the wise folk", a ''Noldo'', pl. ''[[Noldor]]''.<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''golodh''</ref>

The class plural form '''''Golodhrim''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ɡoˈloðrim]}}) contains ''[[Rim|-rim]]'' as a collective plural ending.<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Golodhrim''</ref>
==Etymology==
[[Root]] [[ÑGOL]]

==Examples==
*''[[Annon-in-Gelydh|Annon-in-'''Gelydh''']]'' = "Gate of the Noldor"
*''[[Pengolodh|Pen'''golodh''']]'' = "Teaching sage"

==Cognates==
*[[Quenya]] ''[[Noldo]]''
*[[Telerin]] ''[[Goldo]]''
*[[Mannish]] ''[[Nom]]''

==Derivatives==
*[[Black Speech]] ''[[golug]]''

{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Noldorin nouns]]
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]

[[fi:Golodhrim]]

Noldor

2025-06-27T14:49:25Z

Parmandil: /* Other names */

{{sources}}{{people infobox
| name=Noldor
| image = Jenny Dolfen - The Coming of Fingolfin.jpg
| caption="The Coming of Fingolfin" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˈnoldor]}}/{{IPA|[ˈɲoldor]}}
| othernames=''Tatyar'' ([[Quenya|Q]]), ''Golodhrim'', ''Gelydh'' (''Gódhellim'', ''Gódhil'') ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Nómin'' ([[Taliska|T]]), ''Golug'' ([[Black Speech|BS]]), Deep Elves, Loremasters
| location=[[Tirion]], [[Formenos]], [[Nevrast]], [[Hithlum]], [[Gondolin]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Dorthonion]], [[East Beleriand]], [[Lindon]], [[Eregion]], [[Lothlórien]], [[Imladris]]
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Host of the West]], [[Last Alliance]], [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]], [[White Council]]
| rivalry=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| members=[[Finwë]], [[Fëanor]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Finarfin]], [[Maedhros]], [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Finrod]], [[Galadriel]], [[Gil-galad]], [[Celebrimbor]]
| lifespan=[[Immortal]]
| distinctions=The greatest of the Elves in lore, craftsmanship, knowledge, and warfare
| height=Typically 7 feet<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref>
| hair=Usually dark (dark brown or black), rarely blonde, silver, ginger, or reddish brown
| skin=Fair
| clothing=
| weapons=Swords and shields
}}
{{quote|Next came the Noldor, a name of wisdom, the people of [[Finwë]]. They are the Deep Elves, the friends of [[Aulë]]; and they are renowned in song, for they fought and laboured long and grievously in the northern lands of old.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor]]"}}
The '''Noldor''', or '''Ñoldor''', were those of the second clan of the [[Elves]] who came to [[Aman]]. The Noldor were held to be the noblest of the Elves, and indeed of all peoples in [[Middle-earth]], in lore and in craftsmanship. In [[Valinor]], their wisdom and skill flourished exceedingly, and ever they hungered for deeper knowledge and greater mastery of the arts, so that in many matters they even outstripped their own teachers. They cherished also a love of words, and were ever shifting in speech, striving to devise names most fitting for all things. This rich inheritance of knowledge they later passed on to [[Men]] during their [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]].

Their first [[King of the Noldor|King]] was [[Finwë]], who was slain by [[Morgoth]]. In the wake of his death and the theft of the [[Silmarils|jewels]], Finwë’s son [[Fëanor]] led the Noldor in rebellion, vowing vengeance upon Morgoth. The war of the Noldor against Morgoth comprises many of the greatest tales of the [[First Age]].

==Origins==
According to legend, the clan was founded by [[Tata]], the second Elf to awake at [[Cuiviénen]]. With him were his spouse Tatië and their 54 companions, and this clan became known as the '''''Tatyar'''''. [[Finwë]], the first Ñoldo to come to [[Valinor]] with [[Oromë]], became their King, and led most of them to Valinor. Out of the original 56 Tatyar who awoke at Cuiviénen, 28 remained at the place of their awakening, becoming [[Avari]], while the other original 28 and their offspring continued on their [[Great Journey]].

==History==
===Elder Days===
====In Valinor====
[[File:Konstantin Zahariev - A Noldorin Prince.jpg|thumb|''A Noldorin Prince'' by Konstantin Zahariev]]
The Noldor were accounted the greatest of the Elves and all the peoples in [[Middle-earth]] in lore and crafts. In Valinor, their knowledge and skill became great, and they had always a strong desire for more knowledge and skill in art, surpassing even their teachers in many things. The Noldor had also a love for words, and were changeful in speech, endeavouring to find suitable names for all things. They were beloved of [[Aulë]] the Smith, and were the first to discover and carve gems. Their chief dwelling-place was the city of [[Tirion]] upon [[Túna]].<ref name="Eldamar">{{S|5}}</ref> Among the wisest of the Noldor was [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]], creator of the first writing system and author of many books of lore.<ref name="Unchaining">{{S|6}}</ref> [[Fëanor]], son of Finwë and [[Míriel]], was the greatest of their craftsmen, "mightiest in skill of word and of hand",<ref name="Eldamar" /> and creator of the [[Silmarils]].<ref name="Silmarils">{{S|7}}</ref>

[[Melkor]] harboured a hatred for the Elves, despising their joy and blaming them for his downfall, and he sought to deceive them by feigning friendship. The Noldor, eager for knowledge, listened to him most readily of the kindreds. So he went often among them, offering counsel, and the Noldor hearkened to him.<ref name="Unchaining" /> During this time, Fëanor created the Silmarils, and Melkor, desiring them greatly, sought ever to spread ideas and rumours among the Noldor. But amid his seemingly good advice, Melkor sowed lies to turn one House of the Noldor against another, and in the end the peace in Tirion was poisoned. After threatening his half-brother [[Fingolfin]], believing falsely that Fingolfin intended to usurp the throne, Fëanor was banished from Tirion by the [[Valar]]. With him went his [[Sons of Fëanor|seven sons]], and his father Finwë, King of the Noldor. Fingolfin remained behind as the ruler of the Noldor of Tirion.<ref name="Silmarils" />

But Melkor had yet other designs to accomplish. Soon after, with the aid of [[Ungoliant]], he destroyed the [[Two Trees]],<ref>{{S|8}}</ref> and coming to [[Formenos]] he killed Finwë, stole the Silmarils, and departed from Aman. Fëanor, driven by grief and desiring vengeance, rebelled against the Valar by coming back into Tirion and making a speech before the Noldor, in which he persuaded them to leave Valinor, follow Melkor to [[Middle-earth]], and wage war against him for the recovery of the Silmarils. He swore a terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]], as did his [[Sons of Fëanor|sons]], to pursue Melkor and reclaim the Silmarils at all costs. Fëanor then claimed the kingship of the Noldor since his father was dead. Although the greater part of the Noldor still held Fingolfin as their leader, they followed Fëanor into [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]].<ref name="Exile">{{S|9}}</ref>

====Exile====
{{main|Exile of the Noldor}}
Fëanor led the Noldor from Tirion, his host in the front, followed by the hosts of Fingolfin and [[Finarfin]]. He led them to Alqualondë, seeking to persuade the Teleri to join with the Noldor in rebellion. But the Teleri did not wish to depart with the Noldor, nor aid them with the providing of ships. Angered, Fëanor assembled his host, and they took the ships by force, committing the first [[Kinslaying at Alqualondë|kinslaying]]. The host of Fingolfin, coming upon the battle and mistakenly believing the Teleri had attacked the Noldor, joined in the struggle, and many of the Teleri were slain. Taking the ships, the Noldor continued their journey northwards. A messenger from the Valar came later and delivered the [[Doom of Mandos]], pronouncing judgement on the Noldor for the Kinslaying and rebellion and warning that if they proceeded their oath would betray them, and moreover they would be slain or tormented by grief. At this, some of the Noldor who had no hand in the Kinslaying, including [[Finarfin]] son of Finwë and [[Indis]], returned to Valinor, and the Valar forgave them. Other Noldor led by Fingolfin remained determined to leave Valinor for Middle-earth, not desiring to be separated from their kin and fearing the Valar's judgement, for some among them had participated in the kinslaying. Among those that continued were [[Fingon]], [[Turgon]], [[Finrod]], and [[Galadriel]].<ref name="Exile" />

The Noldor suffered greatly during the cold journey, and began to mutter against Fëanor. Fearing treachery, Fëanor took his sons and those he deemed loyal to him, departing in the ships and crossing the sea to Middle-earth. He left behind those led by Fingolfin, his half-brother. Upon his arrival in Middle-earth, Fëanor had the ships burned. When the Noldor led by Fingolfin discovered their betrayal, they went farther north and crossed the sea at the treacherous [[Helcaraxë]], at the cost of many lives.<ref name="Exile" />

====In Middle-earth====
=====Arrival=====
Fëanor's company encamped in the region of [[Mithrim]] and was soon attacked by the host of Morgoth. The battle became known as a [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], and was a great victory for the Noldor. But Fëanor rode too far from his host during the battle, pursuing the remnant of the [[Orcs]] in a vengeful mood. Several [[Balrogs]], including their Lord [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], issued from [[Angband]] and fought him. Despite battling valiantly, Fëanor was mortally wounded and would have been captured and taken to Angband had it not been for the swift arrival of his sons. However, Fëanor died whilst being carried back to his own people.<ref name="Return">{{S|13}}</ref>

Because Fëanor had taken the ships and left the Noldor led by his half-brother on the west side of the sea, much enmity remained between the Houses of the Noldor. The feud was at last settled when [[Fingon]], son of Fingolfin, saved [[Maedhros]], Fëanor's son, from Morgoth's imprisonment. Maedhros was due to succeed Fëanor, but he regretted his part in the Kinslaying and waived his claim to the kingship of the Noldor to his uncle Fingolfin, who became the first [[High King of the Noldor]] in Middle-earth. The [[House of Fëanor]] became known as ''the Dispossessed'' after this.<ref name="Return" />

=====Kingdom of the Noldor=====
[[File:Mysilvergreen - King Fingon and his lords.jpg|thumb|''King Fingon and his lords'' by [[:Category:Images by Mysilvergreen|Mysilvergreen]]]]
In [[Beleriand]], the Noldor made alliance with the [[Sindar]]<ref name="Realms">{{S|14}}</ref> and later with the [[Edain]].<ref>{{S|17}}</ref> Fingolfin reigned long in the land of [[Hithlum]], and his younger son [[Turgon]] later ruled in his Hidden City of [[Gondolin]]. The Sons of Fëanor, under Maedhros, ruled the lands of [[East Beleriand]], while [[Finrod Felagund]], Finarfin's son, was the [[King of Nargothrond]].<ref name="Realms" />

Fingolfin's reign was marked by warfare against Morgoth and in {{FA|60}}, after their victory in [[Dagor Aglareb]], the Noldor [[Siege of Angband|besieged Angband]], the fortress of Morgoth.<ref>{{GA|78}}</ref> Yet in {{FA|455}},<ref>{{GA|145}}</ref> the Siege was broken by Morgoth in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], and many of the Noldor were slain or scattered. Fingolfin rode in despair to Angband and challenged Morgoth to [[Fall of Fingolfin|single combat]]. He dealt Morgoth seven wounds but perished, and was succeeded by his eldest son [[Fingon]], who became the second [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref>{{S|18}}</ref>

=====Demise=====
In {{FA|472}},<ref>{{GA|219}}</ref> Maedhros [[Union of Maedhros|organised]] an attack on Morgoth and this led to the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], the Battle of Unnumbered Tears. Betrayed by the new-come [[Easterlings]], the forces of the Noldor, Sindar and Edain were utterly defeated. Fingon the Valiant was slain; he was succeeded by his brother [[Turgon]] as the third [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref name="Nirnaeth">{{S|20}}</ref>

Morgoth scattered the remaining forces of the [[Sons of Fëanor]], and in {{FA|495}}, [[Nargothrond]] was also defeated.<ref>{{GA|275}}</ref> Turgon had withdrawn to Gondolin which was kept hidden from both Morgoth and other Elves.<ref name="Nirnaeth" /> In {{FA|510}}, Gondolin was betrayed by [[Maeglin]] and [[Fall of Gondolin|sacked]].<ref>{{WJ|Years}}, p. 351</ref> During the attack, Turgon was killed; however, many of his [[Exiles of Gondolin|people escaped]] and found their way to the [[Mouths of Sirion]]. Turgon was the last surviving male descendant of Fingolfin, so [[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin, became the fourth and last [[High King of the Noldor]] in Middle-earth.<ref>{{S|23}}</ref>

Finally, the [[Host of the West]] came down to Middle-earth and in {{FA|545}} to {{FA|583|n}}, the [[War of Wrath]] was fought and Morgoth was cast into the Void.<ref name="End">{{WJ|Years}}, p. 346</ref><ref>{{S|24}}</ref> As a result of the cataclysmic war, Beleriand sank into the sea, except for a part of [[Ossiriand]] (Lindon),<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> and a few [[Tol Morwen|islands]].<ref>{{S|22}}</ref> The defeat of Morgoth marked the end of the [[First Age]] and the start of the [[Second Age|Second]].<ref name="End" />

===Second Age===
Most of the Noldor sailed back to [[Tol Eressea]] at the end of the First Age; but some, like [[Galadriel]] daughter of Finarfin, or [[Celebrimbor]], grandson of Fëanor, refused the pardon of the Valar and remained in Middle-earth. Gil-galad, last heir of the kings of the Noldor in exile, and acknowledged as "High King of the Elves of the West",<ref name="SA">{{App|B}}</ref> founded a new kingdom at Lindon, and ruled throughout the Second Age, longer than any of his predecessors.

[[Gil-galad]]'s people were mainly Noldor<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, Note 65</ref> (especially from [[Gondolin]], but also from the [[House of Finarfin|Houses of Finarfin]] and [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]]); early in the [[Second Age]], most of the Noldor that remained in [[Middle-earth]] lived in Lindon.<ref name="SA" /> During this time, the few [[Exiles]] that remained also lived in Lindon.<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref>

In {{SA|750}}, some Noldor learned that [[mithril]] was found in [[Moria]] under the [[Misty Mountains]], so they went to [[Eregion]]. Because of their legacy as craftsmen, they were less unfriendly to the [[Dwarves]] than the Sindar. They became the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] under [[Celebrimbor]] and formed the closest friendship ever between Elves and Dwarves.<ref name="SA" /> Although war soon befell Eriador along with Celebrimbor's death, remnants of Eregion, including many Noldor, either followed Elrond to establish Imladris or fled to [[Lothlórien]].

Gil-galad perished in the War of the Alliance at the end of the Second Age, and so ended the High Kingship of the Noldor. He fathered no children; however, the line of the High-elven kings, including the High Kingship of the Noldor, was alone preserved in the descendants of [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]].<ref>{{App|A1i}}</ref>

===Later history===
After the fall of [[Gil-galad]] (during the time of the [[Kings of Arnor]]), there was still a remnant of the Noldor who dwelt at the [[Grey Havens]] of further inland in Lindon who constituted the largest population of Noldor remaining in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref> However, in Eriador, the chief dwelling of the Noldor was Imladris.<ref name="rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref>

In the late [[Third Age]], the Noldor in Middle-earth were greatly diminished, as most had passed over the Sea.<ref>{{L|347}}</ref><ref>{{FR|I2}}</ref> If any remained in the early [[Fourth Age]], they were few.<ref name="eriador" />

After the [[Dominion of Men]] was taken up by [[Aragorn II Elessar]], the last of the Noldor set sail from [[Mithlond]] and left Middle-earth forever.<ref name="rings" />

==Rulers==
{{main|King of the Noldor}}

;In Valinor:
The first two kings were not distinguished as being ''in Valinor'', since the entire population of the Noldor lived in Valinor at that time.

#[[Finwë]], first King of the Noldor.
#[[Fëanor]], first son of Finwë; claimed the title after his father's death.
::[[Finarfin]], third son of Finwë, remained in [[Aman]] after the [[Exile of the Noldor]] and ruled the remnant of his people in [[Tirion]], although he never officialy claimed this title.

;In Middle-earth
::[[Fëanor]] nominally ruled in [[Middle-earth]] for a few months before his fall in the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]], although he never established a realm.
#[[Fingolfin]], second son of Finwë; held to be the first '''[[High King of the Noldor]]''' by the majority of the Noldor after Maedhros son of Fëanor gave up his claims.
#[[Fingon]], first son of Fingolfin.
#[[Turgon]], second son of Fingolfin.
#[[Gil-galad]], great-grandson of Finarfin.

==Characteristics==
The Noldor were the Second Clan of the Elves in both order and size, the other clans being the [[Vanyar]], a smaller group, and the [[Teleri]], a much larger one. The Noldor typically had grey eyes and dark hair, save for the members of the golden-haired [[House of Finarfin]].<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, entry Q ''noldo'', p. 125</ref>

From their beginning the Noldor (meaning "Those who Know") were always distinguished, by their knowledge of the things that are and were in this world, and by their desire to learn more.<ref>{{BL|Introduction}}</ref> They were the most skillful of these Clans, and were specially loved by [[Aulë]], from whom they learned many things, although less than they wanted to know. Their skills included the developing of their language, the building of great towers and halls, and gem extraction.<ref>{{MR|P3I5}}, p. 176 (see also the commentary on §40, p. 181)</ref> One of their most famous artefacts were the crystallic [[Fëanorian lamps]]; the craft to make them was lost to Middle-earth when they left.

The Noldor were the proudest of the Elves; in the words of the [[Sindar]], they came to Middle-earth because "they needed room to quarrel in". It was this pride that Melkor used to turn the Houses of [[House of Fëanor|Fëanor]] and [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] against each other. The pride of the Noldor also led to their [[Fall of the Noldor|Fall]] and [[Exile of the Noldor|Exile]] (and their continued quarrels in Middle-earth, as noted by the Sindar).

Of the three clans of the [[Eldar]] they are also the people who most favours swords and shields as their weapons.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 215 footnote to §29</ref><ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 228 footnote to §49</ref>

The Sindar often called the Noldor '''''Lechind''''' (sing. '''''Lachend'''''), which meant 'flame-eyed' due to the piercing brightness of their eyes. This was the distinctive feature of all the [[Calaquendi|Elves that had dwelt in Aman]], whose eyes thus deeply impressed [[Úmanyar|those of Middle-earth]].<ref name="WJC" />{{rp|384}}

==Etymology==
'''Noldor''' is a [[Quenya]] name that meant "the Wise" (in the sense of possessing knowledge, not sagacity or sound judgment),<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Noldor''</ref> derived from the [[Elvish]] [[Sundocarme|root]] [[NGOL]] ("knowledge, wisdom, lore").<ref name="WJC">{{WJ|C}}</ref>{{rp|383}} This name was given to the Second Clan by the others and was accepted and used as their regular and proper name by all the ''Eldarin'' members of the clan throughout their later history.<ref name="WJC" />{{rp|383}}

Its singular form is '''''[[Noldo]]''''' and the adjective form is '''''Noldorin'''''.

==Other names==
The Noldor were called '''''[[Golodhrim]]''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ɡoˈloðrim]}}) by [[Sindarin]]-speakers and '''''Goldoi''''' by the [[Falmari]] of [[Tol Eressëa]];<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''golodh''</ref> they are also known as ''Deep Elves'' ("deep" as in "wise, learned"). Additionally, the Sindarin singular '''''[[Golodh]]''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡoloð]}}) could be pluralized '''[[Golodhrim]]''', '''''[[Gelydh]]''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡelyð]}}, later {{IPA|[ˈɡelið]}})<ref>{{S|Index}}, ''Golodhrim''</ref> or more archaicly '''''[[Gœlydh]]''''' ({{IPA|[ˈɡølyð]}}).<ref name="WJA">{{WJ|A}}, p. 364</ref> Later the Sindar replaced these with '''''Gódhil''''' (sing. '''''Gódhel''''') or '''''Gódhellim''''' ({{IPA|[ɡoˈðelːim]}}), which, in turn, was a modernised form of ''Ódhil'' or ''Ódhellim'', Sindarin name for the [[Amanyar]].<ref name="WJA" />

The Noldor were known as the "'''Deep-elves'''".<ref>{{H|Flies}}</ref> Other names used for the Noldor included the Wise, the Golden, the Valiant, the Sword-elves, the Elves of the Earth, the Foes of Melkor, the Skilled of Hand, the Jewel-wrights, the Companions of Men, and the Followers of Finwë<ref>{{MR|P3I3}}, p. 164</ref> as well as Loremasters.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', "Index", ''Noldor''</ref> It is also told that the Noldor were often called the Lispers by other native speakers of Quenya (such as the [[Vanyar]]), since the Noldor did not retain the sound "th" in their speech.<ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 34</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
{{Main|Gnomes}}
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's [[Legendarium]], the Noldor were called '<nowiki/>'''Noldoli'<nowiki/>''' or '<nowiki/>'''[[Gnomes]]''''. They were still called ''Gnomes'' in early editions of ''[[The Hobbit]]''. They were also the ones who spoke the language that later became [[Sindarin]] (then called ''Gnomish'' or ''Noldorin'').

The spelling Ñoldor, rather than Noldor, was used by Tolkien in his later writings. The character ñ—of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91 Spanish] origin—was employed here to represent the velar nasal [ŋ], the sound found at the end of the English word "si'''ng'''". But even in earlier versions the name ''Ñoldo'' came from a [[Primitive Quendian]] stem *ñgolodō, which led to ''Ñoldo'' in [[Quenya]] and ''Golodh'' in [[Sindarin]].

==See also==
*[[Quenya]]
*[[Exile of the Noldor]]
*[[Kinslaying at Alqualondë]]
*[[Fall of the Noldor]]
*[[Doom of Mandos]]

{{references}}
{{elves}}
[[Category:Elven peoples]]
[[Category:Noldor| ]]
[[Category:Quenya demonyms]]
[[de:Noldor]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/elfes/noldor]]
[[fi:Noldor]]
[[pt-br:Noldor]]

Haradrim

2025-05-31T04:09:09Z

Parmandil: replaced incorrect 'script' with 'tongue'

{{people infobox
| name=Haradrim
| image = John_Howe - Southrons.jpg
| caption="[[:File:John_Howe - Southrons.jpg|Southrons]]" by [[John Howe]]
| pronun={{respell|ha|rad|rim}}
| othernames=''Haradrim'' ([[Sindarin|S]]), ''Haradwaith'' (S), ''[[Swertings]]'' ([[Hobbitish|H]]), ''Southrons'' ([[Westron|W]]), ''[[Men of Darkness]]'' (W), ''[[Swarthy Men]]'' (W), ''Southerns'' (W), ''Men of Harad'' (W), ''Men of the South'' (W)
| origin= [[Awakening of Men]]
| location=[[Harad]], including [[Umbar]], [[Near Harad]] and [[Far Harad]]
| affiliation=[[Blue Wizards]], [[Númenóreans]], [[Sauron]], [[Black Númenóreans]]
| rivalry=[[Exiles of Númenor]], [[Gondorians]]
| language=Presumably numerous Haradric languages, different from [[Common Speech]]; [[Adûnaic]]; [[Westron]]; and the [[Drúadan language]] (at least formerly)<ref group=note>Due to the suggestion of [[Gondorian]] historians that the group originally came from Harad.</ref>
| members=
| lifespan=Shorter than [[Númenóreans]]<ref group=note>[[Castamir]] of [[House of Anárion]] lived to the age of 188, and another great-grandson of [[Calmacil (King of Gondor)|Calmacil]], [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], lived to the age of 235. Eldcar's children and grandchildren, [[Ornendil]], [[Aldamir]] and [[Hyarmendacil II]] lived for an average of 187 years. The same could theoretically be said for the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of Castamir in Harad, and in point of fact these ages correspond to the general ages of Númenóreans during the period of [[Ar-Adûnakhôr]]'s reign in Númenór.</ref>
| distinctions=[[Gift of Ilúvatar]]
| height=Tall
| hair=Dark
| skin=Black, brown, dark, swarthy
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Oliphaunts]]; [[Black Breath]]}}

<center>{{quote|West, North, and South the children of Men spread and wandered, and their joy was the joy of the morning before the dew is dry, when every leaf is green.|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', [[Of Men]]}}</center>

'''Haradrim''' or the '''Southrons''' were the [[Men]] of [[Harad]], descendants of the Men who [[Awakening of Men|woke]] in the far eastern land of [[Hildórien]] near the end of the [[First Age]].<ref name="Uttermost">{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 306</ref> They are the proud, doughty and warlike people of the Harad, in the south of [[Middle-earth]].<ref>{{webcite|author=Mark Fisher|articleurl=https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/m/menofharad.php|articlename=Men of Harad|dated=17 December 2015|website=[https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ Encyclopedia of Arda]|accessed=19 September 2021}}</ref> Ancient enemies of [[Gondor]],<ref>{{webcite|author=Mark Fisher|articleurl=https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/s/southrons.html|articlename=Southrons|dated=17 December 2015|website=[https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ Encyclopedia of Arda]|accessed=2 October 2021}}</ref> they allied with [[Sauron]] during the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] and [[War of the Ring]].<ref>{{S|V}}, p. 353</ref><ref group="note">In ''[[The Nature of Middle-earth]]'', with reference to the [[Blue Wizards]] in 'Note on the Delay of Gil-galad and the Númenóreans', it is said that [[Sauron]] took a long time to attack [[Eregion]], for his dominance and recruiting of forces was not entirely successful, and this was due to the actions of his powerful enemies in [[Rhûn]] and [[Harad]] that he hadn't paid much attention until then; ergo, Tolkien suggesting that certain denizens of both those lands played a role during the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]].</ref> Eventually, many turned against Sauron, when [[Manwë]] sent the [[Wizards]] to the southern lands of Middle-earth.<ref name="PMLast">{{PM|Last}}, pp. 384-5</ref>

==Origins==
The ancestors of the Haradrim were the Men who awoke in Hildórien during the [[Years of the Sun|age of the Sun]],<ref name="S12">{{S|12}}</ref> but stayed to the [[East]] of Middle-earth, not joining the migration of the [[Edain]] to the [[Uttermost West]]<ref name="Uttermost" /> after [[Morgoth]], the original [[Dark Lord]], came to corrupt them to his service whilst tricking them to abandon [[Ilúvatar]].<ref>{{MR|P4e}}, p. 346-349</ref> A [[Shadow]] ever after lay over all of humanity, even the Edain, wherein portions of the ancestors of [[Harad]] later began migrating after coming into conflict with other men that fell under the Shadow.<ref name="S17">{{S|17}}</ref> Still some went West in search of the [[Light of Valinor]] and servants of Morgoth hunted them, but the majority of mankind refused alike the summons of the [[Valar]] and of Morgoth.<ref name="S17">{{S|17}}</ref>

The different peoples who moved to Harad, where the Sun is fierce because there are barely any clouds,<ref name="Gate">{{TT|IV3}}</ref> played no role in the tales of the First Age.<ref name="S12" /><ref>{{L|229}}</ref> However, this sundering bereft them of the enlightenment and crafts that the Elves may have taught them,<ref>{{PE|17}}</ref><ref>{{MR|P3II7}}</ref> which made them vulnerable to their two later woes: [[Sauron]] and the [[Dúnedain]].<ref>{{MR|P4e}}, p. 310-3011</ref> Historians of [[Gondor]] believed that the [[Drúedain]] came from lands south of [[Mordor]], that they turned north into [[Ithilien]] before they reached the coasts of Harad and were the first Men to cross the [[Anduin]], possibly near [[Cair Andros]].<ref>{{UT|12b}}, pp. 339-40</ref>

==History==
===Second Age===
At first, for many centuries, the Haradrim were independent peoples, generally isolated from the rest of the world. However, in the Second Age they became increasingly caught between the ambitions of two great powers — namely [[Sauron]] and the [[Númenóreans]] — a circumstance which lasted thousands of years.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref><ref name="Coasts">{{PM|Dwarves}}, p. 304</ref> Sailing East, the Númenóreans explored the coasts of [[Middle-earth]], including the coast lands of Harad.<ref name="Coasts" /> The Númenóreans initially benefited the natives they contacted, by teaching them many things about agriculture and craftsmanship<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><ref>{{App|Numenor}}, entry for the time after Minastir</ref> and later made settlements on the southern coasts, including the construction of the great city of [[Umbar]].<ref>{{TI|Riders}}</ref>

After the reign of [[Tar-Ciryatan]], the Númenóreans began to set themselves up as lords in Middle-earth as they demanded tribute of goods and wealth, causing the oppression of the Haradrim<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref><ref>{{PM|Second}}</ref> as with many other peoples whose lands included a coastline.<ref>{{PM|Akallabeth}}, §28</ref> Often Haradrim were killed or sold into slavery.<ref>{{PM|Elmar}}</ref> At first, Sauron didn't dare to challenge the Númenóreans as they expanded their control over Harad, until after the forging of the [[Rings of Power]] and the emergence of the [[Nazgûl]].<ref name="Akallabeth" /> Then, Sauron came as a ruler of almost all men east and south of the [[Ered Luin]], as both their king and their god.<ref name="Rings" /> These men grew strong and built many towns and walls made from stone and they were fierce in war and armed with iron.<ref name="Rings" /> However, those of Harad who sought freedom and rejected Sauron would venture to the woods or mountains in fear of being pursued by him.<ref name="Rings" /><ref>{{HM|SD}}, p. 345</ref>

In c. {{SA|1600}}, [[Manwë]] sent two [[Wizards]] to the southern and eastern lands of Middle-earth.<ref name="PMLast" /> The Valar suspected there was a rebellion of good Haradrim but no leadership — ultimately they were very successful there in Harad. They arrived before Sauron's first [[War of the Elves and Sauron|war against the Elves]] and even on this war the Wizards had some influence.<ref name="NM3">{{NM|P3xviii}}</ref> They became known as [[Morinehtar]] and [[Rómestámo]].<ref name="PMLast" /> Because of their influence among the Haradrim, Sauron took a long time to [[Sack of Eregion|attack Eregion]], for his dominance and recruiting of forces was not entirely successful.<ref name="NM3" />

In {{SA|3261}}, [[Ar-Pharazôn]], the [[King of Númenor]], landed at Umbar with a great fleet and the people on the coasts fled before them.<ref name="SA" /> Ar-Pharazôn and his host marched through Harad to meet Sauron's forces, but they fled from the Númenóreans and Sauron allowed himself to be taken to Númenor where he corrupted the King and his followers.<ref name="Influence">{{RK|V10}}</ref> Under Sauron's influence, the Númenóreans became even more ruthless to the locals of Harad, enslaving them and using them for human sacrifices.<ref name="Akallabeth" />

In the following centuries the Haradrim were influenced by Sauron and [[Black Númenóreans]], those evil High Men who stayed in Harad and survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]].<ref name="Influence" /> The Haradrim became enemies of [[Gondor]], as the Kingdom's southern borders were close to their lands.<ref>{{TT|Herbs}}, p. 659-660</ref> Shortly before the end of the Age, two Númenórean lords, [[Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]], rose to great power amongst the Haradrim.<ref name="Rings" />

However around the same time, the two Wizards, always operating in the East and the South, were able to hinder Sauron's operations, leading to his defeat in the [[War of the Last Alliance]].<ref name="PMLast" /> When Sauron's dominions of the Second Age fell with his demise in the War of the Last Alliance the Haradrim were freed from his direct control but not free of the effects of his long work on them, to which evil and darkness for the West had set in their hearts.<ref name="UT|6a">{{UT|6a}}</ref><ref>{{UT|6b}}</ref> Additionally, some of the Haradrim, and the other servants of Sauron, turned from evil and became subject to the heirs of [[Elendil]].<ref name="Rings" />

===Third Age===
The great cape and land-locked firth of Umbar had been Númenórean land since days of old; but it was a stronghold of the [[King's Men]], who were afterwards called the Black Númenoreans, corrupted by Sauron, and who hated above all the followers of Elendil.<ref name="Gondor">{{App|A1iv}}</ref> After the fall of Sauron their race swiftly dwindled or became merged with the Men of Middle-earth, including those of Harad.<ref name="Gondor" /> There was even intermarriage: [[Tarannon Falastur]], [[King of Gondor]], married a high-born Black Númenórean lady from an inland city in Harad; she is remembered as [[Queen Berúthiel]].<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Daphne Castell]]|articleurl=https://fantasticmetropolis.com/i/tolkien|articlename=The Realms of Tolkien|dated=2 November 1966|website=[https://fantasticmetropolis.com/i/tolkien ''The Realms of Tolkien'']|accessed=30 September 2021}}.</ref> However, most Black Númenórean intermarriage was with the Haradrim, and they became increasingly indistinguishable from the indigenous peoples.<ref name="annals" /> The Haradrim did not trouble the [[Realms in Exile]] for many centuries.<ref name="herbs">{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>

When Gondor took the haven of Umbar from the Black Númenóreans, in the year {{TA|1015}} they followed the Black Númenóreans against Umbar to recapture it.<ref name="Gondor" /> Their great power was not enough against the sea-power of Gondor.<ref name="Gondor" /> The attempts lasted for 35 years until, in {{TA|1050}}, [[Ciryaher]] defeated the Haradrim force by sending troops by land.<ref name="Gondor" /> They acknowledged the overlordship of Gondor; the kings of Harad did homage and their sons were given as hostages in the court of the [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]].<ref name="annals">{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name="AppA">{{App|South}}</ref> The sons of [[Castamir]] and others of his kin, having fled from Gondor in 1447, set up a small kingdom in Umbar, and there made a fortified haven and later called themselves the [[Corsairs of Umbar]].<ref name="Blood">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> The Corsairs of Umbar continued to make war upon Gondor, attacking its ships and coasts when they had opportunity.<ref name="Blood" /> Additionally, Castamir's progeny married women of the Harad - continuing the Numenorean [[Line of Elros]], though of which was spent after three generations.<ref name="Blood" /><ref>{{webcite|author=David Seuferer|articleurl=http://tolkien.cro.net/humans/elrostre.html|articlename=Line of Elros|dated=8 February 1998|website=[https://tolkien.cro.net/ The Grey Havens]|accessed=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref group="note">The bloodline of Elros is spread amongst the Haradrim in Harad via [[Castamir]]'s children and grandchildren who later mate with the women of Harad, with the last known descendants of Elros within that region of Endor being [[Angamaitë]] and [[Sangahyando]].</ref>

Later, however, kings of Harad who were in league with Umbar rebelled against Gondor.<ref name="annals" /> In {{TA|1634}}, [[Minardil]] was slain at Pelargir by the Corsairs of Umbar, who were led by the great-grandsons of Castamir: [[Angamaitë]] and [[Sangahyando]].<ref name="Gondor" /> [[Telumehtar]] who raided his coasts even as far as the [[Anfalas]], gathered his forces and in 1810 took Umbar by storm.<ref name="annals" /> In that war the last descendants of Castamir perished, and Umbar was again held for a while by the kings, however, the [[Battle of the Plains]] that befell Gondor resulted in Umbar being lost again, wherein it fell into the hands of the Men of the Harad.<ref name="annals" />

The Haradrim later were allied with the [[Wainriders]], a confederation of [[Easterlings]], and the Men of [[Khand]].<ref name="annals" /> During that time they conquered Umbar.<ref name="annals" /> The simultaneous assaults from the north and the south brought the South-kingdom close to destruction.<ref name="annals" /> The Haradrim crossed the river [[Poros]] into [[South Ithilien]], but the [[Southern Army]], destroyed them.<ref name="annals" /> In the later years three great fleets were prepared in Umbar and Harad.<ref name="stew">{{App|Stewards}}</ref> Around the [[Long Winter]] they assailed the [[Southern Fiefs|coasts]] of Gondor, even [[Rohan]].<ref name="stew" /> The Haradrim occupied the fief [[South Gondor]] and there was a long fight along the Poros.<ref name="stew" /> Stirred by emissaries of Sauron, they attempted once more to invade into [[Ithilien]] ({{TA|2885}}) but a combined force of Gondorians and [[Rohirrim]] defeated them at the [[Crossings of Poros|Crossing of Poros]].<ref name="TA" /><ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref>

In the meantime, it was said that the two Wizards, Morinehtar and Rómestámo ensured that the forces of the East and the South did not outnumber the West, thus helping secure victory for the [[Free peoples]] in the subsequent War of the Ring.<ref name="PMLast" /> At some time before the War, Gandalf also wandered in the South, for unspecified errands, and he became known as ''Inkā-nūs'' among the suspicious Haradrim, who saw him as a spy from [[Gondor|the North]].<ref name="Incanus" />

At the time of that War, the Haradrim were in league with Sauron and fought alongside his [[Orcs|Orc]] army. The Haradrim were among the forces led by the [[Witch-king]] that attacked [[Osgiliath]] on [[20 June]], {{TA|3018}}, at the beginning of the War.<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref> More Haradrim continued to come up the [[Harad Road]] to Mordor.<ref name="herbs" /> Regiments of Haradrim joined the host from [[Minas Morgul]] marching to the [[Pelennor Fields]].<ref name="MinasTirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> Sauron's forces besieged [[Minas Tirith]], and the Mûmakil of Harad were used to bring forward war-towers and siege-engines to test the City's defences.<ref name="MinasTirith" /> During the battle, the chief leader of the Haradrim army bore a standard of a [[Black Serpent]] on a red field; he was slain by King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]].<ref name="Great" /><ref name="fields">{{RK|V6}}</ref>

The Haradrim rallied around their [[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]] which the horses of the Rohirrim feared to approach. As the battle wore on, more Haradrim including Men from Far Harad were sent onto the field by [[Gothmog (Lieutenant of Morgul)|Gothmog]].<ref name="fields" /> The Corsairs were prevented from reaching the battle, having been defeated by [[Aragorn]] and the [[Dead Men of Dunharrow]].<ref>{{RK|V9}}</ref> Haradrim also fought at the [[Battle of the Morannon]] on March 25.<ref name="Influence" /> Sauron's army of Men, Orcs and Trolls outnumbered the Men of the West by more than ten to one, but the battle ended once the [[One Ring]] was destroyed in [[Mount Doom]] and Sauron was vanquished.<ref>{{RK|VI3}}</ref> The Haradrim held out long and were among the last of Sauron's forces to be defeated.<ref name="fields" /> Some of the Haradrim fled or surrendered, though others banded together in their hatred and fought on stalwartly.<ref>{{RK|VI4}}</ref>

===Fourth Age===
After the War of the Ring the newly crowned king of the [[Reunited Kingdom]], Elessar, made peace with the Men of Harad and completely subdued Umbar.<ref name="Gondor" /><ref name="Éomer">{{App|Mark}}, Third Line, entry for King Éomer</ref> Embassies travelled from Harad to Aragorn's court, and although Aragorn's reign was largely one of peace, it was occasionally necessary for him and [[Éomer]], [[Kings of Rohan|King]] of [[Rohan]], to travel to the southlands to maintain peace with Harad.<ref>{{RK|Steward}}, p. 968</ref>

It is possible that later generations of Haradrim, having the memory of the two Wizards who wandered among them, followed [[magic]] "cults" that lasted long into the Fourth Age or later.<ref name="Letter211" />

==Traits and culture==
[[File:Alan Lee - Oliphaunt.jpg|thumb|left|"Oliphaunt" by [[Alan Lee]]]]
The "fierce dark men of the South."<ref>{{TI|Fangorn}}, pp. 434-5</ref> are of various ethnicities and cultures; some are organized into kingdoms.<ref name="Gondor" /><ref name="herbs" /> The Haradrim were described by a messenger as "cruel and tall.",<ref name="Siege" /> "a grim folk, and not easily daunted by shade or blade."<ref>{{WR|XII}}, p. 416</ref> Some of the Men in the south had weapons of iron.<ref>{{S|V}}, p. 349</ref> At the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], the Haradrim bore scimitars that glittered like stars.<ref name="fields" /> Those of Harad had tamed the massive ''[[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]]'' beasts and used them in warfare and, like their masters, were decorated with scarlet and gold. They even strapped towers on their backs, used by Haradrim archers and spearmen.<ref name="herbs" /> The Haradrim had seemingly weaponised aspects of the [[Nazgûl]]'s [[Black Breath]], or at least tipped it upon arrows and darts during the last retreat before the city of Minas Tirith was besieged.<ref name="Siege" /><ref>{{RK|Houses}}</ref>

The people of [[Far Harad]] are described as black-skinned, but there is also a group of them described as "black men like [[half-trolls]] with white eyes and red tongues" and "troll-men".<ref name="fields" /> It is unclear whether these were just large Men who are being compared to Trolls or an implication of crossbreeding between the two races.<ref>{{webcite|author=Mark Fisher|articleurl=https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/h/halftrolls.php|articlename=Half-trolls|dated=17 December 2015|website=[https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ Encyclopedia of Arda]|accessed=1 October 2021}}</ref> The Haradrim from [[Near Harad]] were those most familiar and most closely encountered during the War of the Ring:<ref name="Scarlet">{{TT|Herbs}}, pp. 660-1</ref> when [[Faramir]] ambushed a company of Haradrim on the [[North Road]], Frodo and Sam witnessed a Harad warrior crashing at their feet, a man with "brown skin", with black plaits of hair braided with gold,<ref name="Scarlet" /> a scarlet tunic, as do the other Haradrim, and a gold collar.<ref name="Gate" /> He was armed with a scimitar and garbed with a corslet of brazen scales. Their standards are scarlet, and their great beasts, the ''Mûmakil'', have scarlet and gold trappings.<ref name="Scarlet" /> They carry round spiked shields, painted yellow and black.<ref name="herbs" /> One of the great chieftains of the Haradrim also bore a [[Black Serpent]] as his emblem, against a field of red.<ref>{{webcite|author=Mark Fisher|articleurl=https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/s/serpents.html|articlename=Serpents|dated=17 December 2015|website=[https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/ Encyclopedia of Arda]|accessed=19 September 2021}}</ref>

===Languages===
Very little is known about the language(s) of Harad though the word "Mûmak", the name of the great war-[[oliphaunt]]s of Harad, is stated to come directly from a language of Harad.<ref name="Language">{{webcite|author=J E a Tyler|articleurl=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=J-WWMtIVl_gC&pg|articlename=The Complete Tolkien Companion|dated=2 October 2012|website=[https://books.google.com/ M - Page 446]|accessed=20 September 2021}}</ref> To the [[Gondorians]] the voices of the Haradrim sounded harsh, like shouts of beasts.<ref name="Siege">{{RK|Siege}}</ref> Albeit having a meaning in [[Quenya]] ("fate"), the name ''[[Umbar (word)|umbar]]'' is said to be adapted from the indigenous languages of Harad and not from an [[Elvish]] or [[Adûnaic]] tongue.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Verlyn Flieger]]|articleurl=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/266269|articlename=The Music and the Task: Fate and Free Will in Middle-earth|dated=14 June 2009|website=[https://muse.jhu.edu/ Project MUSE]|accessed=20 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="AppendixF">{{App|Men}}</ref><ref name="Names">{{App|Letters}}, Note, ''The names of the letters''</ref>

[[Gandalf]] stated that his name in "the south" is ''Incánus'', which is apparently "alien", that is neither [[Westron]], nor [[Elvish]], nor explicable by the surviving tongues of Northern Men. A note in the [[Thain's Book]] states that it is a form adapted to Quenya of a word in the tongue of the Haradrim thought ''Inkā-nūsh'' (or possibly ''Inkā-nūs''), meaning "North-spy".<ref name="Incanus">{{UT|Istari}}, pp. 382-4</ref>

==Etymology==
''Haradrim'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of the elements ''[[harad]]'' ("south") + ''[[rim]]'' ("host") thus meaning "South-people".<ref>{{L|144}}, p. 178</ref> Additionally, the [[Elves]] named the land and its people ''Haradwaith'', "South-folk", from the Sindarin ''harad'' ("south") and ''gwaith'' ("people").<ref name="Language" /> The [[Hobbits]] called the area the ''Sunlands'', and the people ''[[Swertings]]''.<ref name="Gate" />

''Barangils'' is a [[Gondorian]] term for the people of Harad; 'swerting' derives from ''swart'' ("swarthy").<ref>[[Wayne G. Hammond]], "Page 764", in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', ed. by Wayne G. Hammond and [[Christina Scull]] (Houghton Mifflin, 2005)</ref> The Elvish name seems to contain '''baran''' ("dark, swart, dark-brown") (BARÁN) and possibly the suffix '''-il''' also seen in '''ernil''' ("prince").<ref name="UT|6a" />

==Other versions of the legendarium==
Early variant names for this people were the ''Barangils'', the ''Haradwaith'', and ''Haradrians''.<ref>{{WR|2|IV}}</ref><ref>{{SD|Mordor}}, pp. 16-7</ref> In early drafts of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', anglicized names for the Haradrim in the text, were ''Silharrows'' and ''Harwan'', which according to [[Christopher Tolkien]] were derived from the name for the Aethiopians.<ref name="Fangorn">{{TI|Fangorn}}, Note 4, p. 439</ref> "Men of Sunharrowland" (or "of Harrowland") are other two anglicized names.<ref name="Harrowland">{{TI|Fangorn}}, p. 435</ref> In early drafts of ''The Lord of the Rings'', ''Harns'' was a Sindarin equivalent for the term Haradrim.<ref>{{WR|XII}}, p. 253</ref> It's based on [[harn]] ’southern’ (KHYAR-) and is an English plural.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Roman Rausch]]|articleurl=http://www.sindanoorie.net/art/RS_TI_WR_Harns.html#Harns|articlename=Harns|dated=2 July 2016|website=[http://www.sindanoorie.net/ Sindanórië]|accessed=26 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3643936511.html|articlename=Harn|dated=16 April 2021|website=[https://www.eldamo.org/ Eldamo - An Elvish Lexicon|accessed=26 September 2021}}</ref> Additionally, Haradwaith has the anglicized name ''(Sun)Harrowland''.<ref name="Fangorn" /> For more explanation on those names, see [[#The "Sigelwaran"|below]].

In the earliest narrative of the legendarium in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'', Tolkien mentioned the movement of Men, after the [[Palisor|War of Palisor]]. After [[Nuin]] died at the bands of the Goblins through the treachery of Men, many kindreds of Men were driven to the eastern deserts and the southern forests, whence came dark and savage peoples.<ref name="Palisor">{{LT1|X}}, p. 336</ref>

Additionally, it was revealed that Manwë was unaware of where the beginning of Men should be, whether the north, south or east.<ref>{{LT1|IX}}, p. 317</ref> In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', [[Eärendil]] and [[Voronwe]]'s voyage on [[Vingilótë]] to southern Haradwaith where there is mention of Tree-men and Pygmies.<ref>{{LT2|V}}</ref><ref group="note">The habited land in question featuring "Dark regions, Fire mountains, Tree-men, Pygmies, and Sarqindi or cannibal-ogres" is definitely southern Haradwaith rather than the [[Dark Lands]], due to another note mentioning some southern Isles beyond that region, and these can only be the hills that became islands mentioning in ''[[The Chaining of Melko]]'', which must have been a product of the tumults that lead to the formation of the [[Inner Seas]], when the [[Belegaer]] and [[Eastern Sea]] flowed into the [[Sea of Ringil]]. And as we know, it was South of the Inner Seas that the South Lands were located. Ergo, Eärendil simply visited areas that would later be part of the [[Black Númenórean]] southern realms, beyond the realm of [[Umbar]].</ref>

===Earlier account of the Two Wizards===
In the published works, all the Wizards were originally sent in the year {{TA|1000}} as emissaries to Middle-earth along with [[Gandalf]], [[Saruman]] and [[Radagast]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> The above article gives information based on a late essay by Tolkien concerning the two Wizards, published in ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]''.

However in some earlier time, when asked about the other two Wizards, Tolkien speculated that they went to the distant regions, including the lands of Harad, far out of Númenórean range. Whether together or independent of each other, the two may have fallen from their appointed task, wherein they may have founded 'magic' cults amongst the peoples of the East and South, which existed beyond the downfall of the [[Sauron|Lord of the Rings]].<ref name="Letter211">{{L|211}}</ref>

==Inspiration==
[[Christopher Tolkien]] linked the Haradrim with ancient Aethiopians.<ref name="Fangorn" /><ref name="Harrowland" /> In an interview from 1966, Tolkien likened [[Berúthiel]] to the giantess [[Wikipedia:Skaði|Skaði]] of Norse mythology, since they both shared a dislike for "seaside life".<ref name="Interview">{{webcite|author=[[Daphne Castell]]|articleurl=https://fantasticmetropolis.com/i/tolkien|articlename=The Realms of Tolkien|dated=|website=[https://fantasticmetropolis.com/i/tolkien ''The Realms of Tolkien'']|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref><ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[The Inklings (book)|The Inklings]]'', "Thursday evenings", pp. 137-8</ref> Additionally, Tolkien scholar [[Tom Shippey]] stated in reference to the 'black men like half-trolls' passage from ''[[The Return of the King]]'' that Tolkien was attempting to write like a medieval chronicler in describing the [[Rohirrim]]'s encounter with a Haradrim: "[...] and when medieval Europeans first encountered sub-Saharan Africans, they were genuinely confused about them, and rather frightened."<ref name="African">{{webcite|author=[[Tom Shippey]]|articleurl=http://www.tolkien.co.uk/jrrtolkien/interviews_shippey.asp|articlename=An Interview with Tom Shippey - Questions and answers with Tom Shippey|dated=17 October 2001|website=[https://www.harpercollins.com/ Harper Collins]|accessed=19 September 2021}}</ref> He noted that Tolkien had pointed out in his early scholarly works "the ancient English seemed to have a belief in fire-demons, who naturally enough had skin like soot – their word for them, ‘harwan’, is related to Latin ‘carbo’, ‘soot,’ or carbon."<ref name="African" /><ref>{{webcite|author=[[Dimitra Fimi]]|articleurl=http://dimitrafimi.com/2018/12/02/revisiting-race-in-tolkiens-legendarium-constructing-cultures-and-ideologies-in-an-imaginacry-world/|articlename=Revisiting Race in Tolkien’s Legendarium: Constructing Cultures and Ideologies in an Imaginary World|dated=2 December 2018|website=[http://www.dimitrafimi.com/ Dimitra Fimi]|accessed=19 September 2021}}</ref> Shippey concluded by remarking that, "An Anglo-Saxon meeting an African for the first time might then really wonder - for a moment, from a distance - whether this was a demon from his own mythology. This doesn't mean that Tolkien shared the mythology, or the mistake."<ref>{{webcite|author=Leslie A. Donovan|articleurl=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BnCADwAAQBAJ&pg|articlename=Approaches to Teaching Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings and Other Works|dated=1 October 2015|website=[https://books.google.com/ Tolkien's Haradrim]|accessed=19 September 2021}}</ref>

===The "Sigelwaran"===
Much of Tolkien's influence for Harad and the Haradrim came about from his essay ''[[Sigelwara Land]]'', in which he examined the etymology of ''Sigelwaran'' (and the more usual form ''Sigelhearwan'') — the [[Old English]] word for Ethiopians.<ref name="CG" /><ref name="TB1">[http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/details.php?reference=13590 Medium Aevum. 1932], [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/php/details.php?reference=13710 Medium Aevum. 1934], at [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/ TolkienBooks.net] (accessed 2 February 2013)</ref> The essay was originally published in two parts: part one appeared in ''Medium Ævum'' (Vol. 1, No. 3) in [[1932]], and part two appeared in ''Medium Ævum'' (Vol. 3, No. 2) in [[1934]].<ref name="TB1" /> The article investigated why there was a distinct and several times attested [[Old English]] name for the Ethiopians (namely '''Sigelwaran, Sigelhearwan''')<ref name="CG">{{CG|RG}}, pp. 889-90</ref> as actual biblical names were usually adapted, not translated.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Roman Rausch]]|articleurl=http://www.sindanoorie.net/art/RS_TI_WR_Barangils.html|articlename=Barangils|dated=2 July 2016|website=[http://www.sindanoorie.net/ Sindanórië]|accessed=26 September 2021}}</ref>

Tolkien remarked that the word includes elements not current in Old English and argues from there on that it must be older and preserved at least a name, "if no more, from the vanished native mythology or its borderland of half-mythical geography."<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Sigelwara Land Part 1", in ''Medium Ævum'' (Vol. 1, No. 3), p. 192</ref> As the initial element '''Sigel''' ’Sun’ comes into question, which is attested in ''[[Beowulf (poem)|Beowulf]]'' and has furthermore cognates in other languages, as e.g. the name of the s-rune.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Sigelwara Land Part 2", in ''Medium Ævum'' (Vol. 3, No. 2), p. 98</ref> Another candidate is '''sigel''', '''sigle''' describing "a round jewel or golden ornament",<ref name="Gimm">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Sigelwara Land Part 2", in ''Medium Ævum'' (Vol. 3, No. 2), p. 104</ref> originating from Latin '''sigillum''', which in its turn refers to "a small image or figure, the impress of a stamp or seal."<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Sigelwara Land Part 2", in ''Medium Ævum'' (Vol. 3, No. 2), p. 102</ref> Tolkien then suggested that the two words had mutual influence on each other; and he remarks on the usage of ''gimm'' ’precious stone, jewel’ for the sun.<ref name="Gimm" /> For the second element '''hearwa''' he discusses several primitive candidates all having to do with the colour ’black’, so that the name may mean something akin to ’those who were made black by the sun’.<ref name="Vol. 3 p. 110">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Sigelwara Land Part 2", in ''Medium Ævum'' (Vol. 3, No. 2), p. 110</ref><ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Sigelwara Land Part 2", in ''Medium Ævum'' (Vol. 3, No. 2), p. 109</ref> As he concluded, "such guesswork is naturally inconclusive [...] giving insight into English and northern tradition and imagination."<ref name="Vol. 3 p. 110" /><ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], "Sigelwara Land Part 2", in ''Medium Ævum'' (Vol. 3, No. 2), p. 111</ref>

==Portrayal in adaptations==
===Films===
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
:The Haradrim appear briefly in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers|The Two Towers]]'' when Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] witness a raid on one of their columns by [[Faramir|Faramir's]] rangers. They are featured more prominently in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]'', in which the battle between the [[Rohirrim]] and the [[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]] is a major action sequence. While the ''[[The Return of the King|book]]'' depicts the Southron army as primarily cavalry armed with scimitars, we see no horsemen in the movie: the Haradrim fight almost exclusively from platforms mounted on the backs of their monstrous [[Oliphaunts]]. They have also adorned the animals' tusks with spikes and shafts that crush and impale numerous enemy horsemen. The costumes of the Haradrim in the movie are Middle Eastern in style and dark brown or black in colour, while a companion book, ''Lord of the Rings: Creatures'', stated that the Haradrim were based on 12th century Saracens.<ref>{{webcite|author=HarperCollins|articleurl=https://archive.org/details/lordofringstwoto00braw/mode/2up|articlename=The Lord of the Rings: Two Towers - Creatures|dated=6 November 2002|website=[[HarperCollins]]|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref>

'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]:'''
:The Ringwraith of Harad, also known as the Dark Headsman was a [[Nazgûl]] who was revived by [[Sauron]] and summoned to [[Dol Guldur]].<ref>{{webcite|author=Weta Workshop Editors|articleurl=https://www.wetanz.com/us/helm-of-the-ringwraith-of-harad|articlename=HELM OF THE RINGWRAITH OF HARAD|dated=6 November 2012|website=[[Weta Workshop]]|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref> He was once a King of the Haradrim that was given a [[Ring of Power]] by Sauron the deceiver and was corrupted to serve him. The Witch-king and the other Ringwraiths were buried in a dungeon in the [[High Fells of Rhudaur]] after the [[Battle of Fornost|fall]] of Angmar. Later, Gandalf, following [[Galadriel]]'s advice, visits the High Fells and discovers that the Nazgûl's cells were empty, broken open from the inside. Through this investigation, he is convinced that the Necromancer in Dol Guldur is indeed [[Sauron]]. In the [[Attack on Dol Guldur]], The Witch-King, along with the other Nazgûl, participates by fighting [[Saruman]] and [[Elrond]], members of the [[White Council]]. In the end, he and the other Nine are driven back to [[Mordor]] by Galadriel and her [[Phial of Galadriel|phial]], his master also eventually following suit.

===Radio series===
'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''
:[[Éowyn|Dernhelm]] warns [[Théoden]] of the coming of the chieftain. He kills the chieftain, but is killed by the [[Witch-king]] almost immediately after.

===Video games===
'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]:'''
:The Haradrim appeared and are known as the 'Haradrim Slayers'.<ref>{{webcite|author=Eressior|articleurl=https://www.ign.com/articles/2011/06/14/the-lord-of-the-rings-war-of-the-ring-perfect-walkthrough-1110162|articlename=Perfect Walkthrough|dated=14 June 2011|website=IGN|accessed=2 October 2021}}</ref>

'''2006: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]:'''
:The Haradrim and the Corsairs of Umbar appear in much merchandise for the film trilogy, such as toys. The Corsairs are from the Mordor faction, and are equipped with knives and fire-bombs.<ref>{{webcite|author=Games and Grub Editors|articleurl=http://gamesandgrub.blogspot.com/2011/04/battle-for-middle-earth-2-good-campaign_1.html|articlename=Battle for Middle Earth 2 - Good Campaign - Mission 7 - Erebor|dated=1 April 2011|website=[RPGnet|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref>

'''2007: [[The Lord of the Rings Online]]:'''
:Three of the [[Nazgûl]] are said to be Haradrim, and their titles are given as "The Grim Southron", "The High Sorcerer of Harad", and "The Forsaken Reaver", the latter being from Umbar. During the War of the Ring, the Corsairs invading Gondor were led by four brothers who falsely call themselves the "Heirs of Castamir". These were "Azruthor", "Dolgimil", "Azgarzôr", and the eldest "Balakhôr the Scourge". The player negotiated with a Corsair named "Jajax", who ended up siding with the player against the Heirs and their followers.
:Early in the reign of [[King of Gondor|King]] [[Aragorn|Elessar]] and [[Queen of Gondor|Queen]] [[Arwen]], the faction of Haradrim that occupied Umbar and invaded Gondor alongside the Heirs of Castamir is revealed to be called the "Empire of Ordâkh". After the War, the "Ordâkhai" were overthrown by the local "Umbari" and expelled from the City of the Corsairs.

'''2017: [[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]:'''
:Suladân is an antagonist who, before his fall, was a noble Númenóreans King who ruled the nation of Harad during the Second Age. During his rule, he sought to go up against Sauron where he led an army of Númenórean soldiers to lay siege on the Dark Lord's fortress in Mordor. Before he sought to engage him, he was surprised that the Dark Lord surrendered and offered a Ring of Power to him. The temptation was too great, and Suladân eventually moved Sauron from the position of enemy to advisor. As Suladân's power grew, so did Sauron's influence over him. He eventually fell completely under the Dark Lord's power to become one of the nine Nazgûl. Additionally, Baranor is a playable character who is a captain in Gondor's guard, originally from Harad, before being adopted by the wealthy Gondorian family.<ref>{{webcite|author=David Smith|articleurl=https://www.theaureview.com/games/games-review-middle-earth-shadow-of-war-the-desolation-of-mordor-xbox-one-2018/|articlename=Games Review: Middle-earth: Shadow of War – The Desolation of Mordor (Xbox One, 2018)|dated=18 May 2018|website=[RPGnet|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref>

===Other===
'''1982: [[Middle-earth Role Playing]]:'''
:[[Iron Crown Enterprises]] produced a series of books for their tabletop roleplaying game ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'' containing information about Harad and content allowing games to be set there. Additionally, Herumor is given an extended history, and Fuinur is revealed as his older brother. Key publications included the setting books ''[[Umbar: Haven of the Corsairs]]'' (1982),<ref>{{webcite|author=Brenda Gates Spielman|articleurl=https://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?mainid=2534|articlename=Umbar: Haven of the Corsairs|dated=16 April 1982|website=RPGnet|accessed=26 September 2021}}</ref> ''[[Far Harad: The Scorched Land]]'' (1988),<ref>{{webcite|author=Charles Crutchfield|articleurl=https://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?mainid=2555|articlename=Far Harad: The Scorched Land|dated=16 April 1988|website=RPGnet|accessed=26 September 2021}}</ref> ''[[Forest of Tears]]'' (1990),<ref>{{webcite|author=Charles Crutchfield|articleurl=https://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?mainid=2511|articlename=Forest of Tears|dated=16 April 1990|website=RPGnet|accessed=26 September 2021}}</ref> as well as the adventure books ''[[Warlords of the Desert]]'' (1989),<ref>{{webcite|author=Charles Crutchfield|articleurl=https://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?mainid=2505|articlename=Warlords of the Desert|dated=16 April 1989|website=RPGnet|accessed=26 September 2021}}</ref> ''[[Hazards of the Harad Wood]]'' (1989),<ref>{{webcite|author=John Crowdis|articleurl=https://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?mainid=2529|articlename=Hazards of the Harad Wood|dated=16 April 1989|website=RPGnet|accessed=26 September 2021}}</ref> and ''[[Greater Harad]] (1990).<ref>{{webcite|author=William E. Wilson|articleurl=https://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?mainid=2560|articlename=Greater Harad|dated=16 April 1990|website=[RPGnet|accessed=26 September 2021}}</ref>''

'''1994: [[The Two Towers MUD]]:'''
:The Haradrim are featured alongside the [[Uruk-hai]], [[Easterlings]], [[Númenóreans]], and [[Variag]].

'''2001: [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]:'''
:The Haradrim and the Corsairs of Umbar appear in much merchandise for the film trilogy, such as toys and card sets within the TCG.

'''2001: [[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]:'''
:Suladân, the "Serpent Lord", is the name of the chieftain Haradrim leader who King Théoden kills, and is who players often refer to as the "[[Black Serpent]]" after his standard.<ref>{{webcite|author=Tell Me A Tale, Great Or Small Editors|articleurl=https://tellmeatalegreatorsmall.blogspot.com/2019/09/armies-of-middle-earth-sbg-serpent.html|articlename=Armies of Middle-Earth SBG: The Serpent Horde in the Middle-Earth Strategy Battle Game|dated=25 September 2019|website=Tell Me A Tale, Great Or Small|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="Hasharin">{{webcite|author=Simmuskhan|articleurl=http://simbattleboard.blogspot.com/2020/04/golden-king-of-abrakhan-and-entourage.html|articlename=Golden King of Abrakhan and Entourage|dated=23 April 2020|website=Simmuskhan's Battle Blog|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref> Some of the Haradrim are assassins called 'Hasharin', wherein there are characters such as "The Golden King" and "Dalamyr".<ref name="Hasharin" /> Additionally, ''Half Trolls'' are "Mahûd men" of Far Harad who were altered to the size and strength of the Olog-hai of Sauron.<ref>{{webcite|author=Simmuskhan|articleurl=http://simbattleboard.blogspot.com/2019/09/for-fathers-day-this-year-i-requested.html|articlename=Far Harad|dated=11 September 2019|website=Simmuskhan's Battle Blog|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref> Units include "Half Troll Warband" and "Half Troll of Far Harad".<ref>{{webcite|author=Simmuskhan|articleurl=http://simbattleboard.blogspot.com/2012/02/battle-report-dwarves-vs-haradrim.html|articlename=Battle Report - Dwarves vs Haradrim - Contest of Champions|dated=24 February 2012|website=Simmuskhan's Battle Blog|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref> [[Games Workshop]] had produced miniatures and rules relating to Harad, including for Mûmak, The Golden King of Abrakhân, Half Trolls, Haradrim Warriors and Corsairs of Umbar.<ref>{{webcite|author=Games Workshop Editors|articleurl=https://www.games-workshop.com/en-GB/War-Mumak-Of-Harad-2018|articlename=War Mûmak™ Of Harad™|dated=24 February 2019|website=[[Games Workshop]]|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Games Workshop Editors|articleurl=https://www.games-workshop.com/en-GB/The-Golden-King-of-Harad|articlename=The Golden King of Abrakhân|dated=24 February 2019|website=[[Games Workshop]]|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Games Workshop Editors|articleurl=https://www.games-workshop.com/en-GB/Half-Trolls|articlename=Half Trolls|dated=24 February 2019|website=[[Games Workshop]]|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Games Workshop Editors|articleurl=https://www.games-workshop.com/en-GB/Haradrim-Warriors-2018|articlename=Haradrim™ Warriors|dated=24 February 2019|website=[[Games Workshop]]|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Games Workshop Editors|articleurl=https://www.games-workshop.com/en-GB/Corsairs-Of-Umbar-2018|articlename=Corsairs of Umbar™|dated=4 July 2018|website=[[Games Workshop]]|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref> In order to maintain their rule over the lands of Harad, the lords of Umbar installed client kings, chieftains who had submitted to their will. Any chieftain who opposed their rule was quickly slain. In order to facilitate their rule, the lords of Umbar established the order of the Hásharii.

'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game]]:'''
:The Haradrim are featured amongst the [[Men of Darkness]].<ref>{{webcite|author=Davenport|articleurl=https://www.rpg.net/reviews/archive/9/9342.phtml|articlename=REVIEW OF THE LORD OF THE RINGS ROLEPLAYING GAME CORE BOOK|dated=16 December 2002|website=RPGnet|accessed=2 October 2021}}</ref>

'''2011: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game]]:'''
:The Haradrim are featured amongst a variety of sets, including ''The Sands of Harad''.<ref>{{webcite|author=Neil Shuck|articleurl=https://meeples.wordpress.com/2017/09/20/knowing-your-angmar-from-your-erebor-getting-started-with-lord-of-the-rings-the-card-game/|articlename=Knowing your Angmar from your Erebor: Getting started with Lord of the Rin|dated=20 September 2017|website=Meeples and Miniatures Podcast|accessed=3 October 2021}}</ref>

{{references|note}}
[[Category:Haradrim]]
[[Category:Men]]
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]
[[de:Haradrim]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/haradrim]]
[[fi:Haradrim]]

Túrin

2025-05-15T15:12:56Z

Parmandil: Turin etymology cleanup

{{disambig-more|Túrin|[[Túrin (disambiguation)]]}}
{{disambig-two|the tragic hero of the [[First Age]]|[[Kings of Gondor|King]] of [[Gondor]]|[[Turambar (King of Gondor)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Edain|Adan]]
| name=Túrin Turambar
| image=Elena Kukanova - The Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin.jpg
| caption="The Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin" by [[Elena Kukanova]]
| pronun=
| othernames=Woodwose, ''Neithan'', ''Gorthol'', ''Agarwaen'', ''Mormegil'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ([[#Other names|See below]])
| titles=Prince of [[Dor-lómin]] Lord of [[Dor-Cúarthol]] Captain of the [[Gaurwaith]]
| position=
| location=[[Dor-lómin]], [[Doriath]], [[Dor-Cúarthol]], [[Nargothrond]], [[Brethil]]
| affiliation=[[Marchwardens]], [[Gaurwaith]], [[Two Captains]]<ref group=note>Both Beleg and Túrin were referred to as this by the leaderless [[Elves]] and [[Men]] who had been dispossessed through battle and defeat, came to [[Dor-Cúarthol]] seeking the Bow and Helm that supposedly fell within [[Dimbar]].</ref><ref>{{CH|8}}, pp. 145-146</ref>
| language=[[Sindarin]] [[Halethian]]<ref name=Rosnotes/>
| birth={{FA|464}}
| birthlocation=[[Dor-lómin]], [[Hithlum]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|499}}
| deathlocation=[[Cabed-en-Aras]] (suicide)
| age=35
| notablefor=destruction of [[Nargothrond]]; impulsive pride; slaying of [[Glaurung]]; suicide
| house=[[House of Hador]]
| parentage=[[Húrin]] and [[Morwen]]
| siblings=[[Urwen]] and [[Nienor]]
| spouse=[[Nienor|Níniel]]
| children=Unborn at Níniel's death
| gender=Male
| height=Tall<ref name="Turin">{{S|Turin}}</ref>
| hair=Dark<ref name="Childhood">{{CH|1}}</ref>
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Turin"/> or blue<ref name="Narn">{{UT|Narn}}</ref>
| clothing=[[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]], elven mail, grey tunic and cloak<ref name="Outlaws">{{CH|6}}</ref> [[Dwarf-masks|Dwarf-mask]]<ref name="Turin" />
| weapons=[[Anglachel]]/[[Gurthang]]
| steed=
}}
<center>{{Quote|He was dark-haired as his mother and promised to be like her in mood also; for he was not merry and spoke little, though he learned to speak early and ever seemed older than his years. Túrin was slow to forget injustice or mockery, but his father's fire was also in him, and he could be sudden and fierce. Yet he was quick to pity, and the hurts or sadness of living things might move him to tears.|''[[The Children of Húrin]]'', "[[The Childhood of Túrin]]"}}</center>

'''Túrin Turambar''' was a tragic hero of the [[First Age]] whose life was dominated by the curse of the [[Morgoth|Enemy]]. His deeds became the tale called ''[[Narn i Chîn Húrin (tale)|Narn i Chîn Húrin]]'' ("The Tale of the Children of Húrin").

==History==
[[Image:Alan Lee - The Childhood of Túrin.jpg|thumb|left|''The Childhood of Túrin'' by [[Alan Lee]]]]
===Dor Lómin===
Túrin was the only son of [[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]] and [[Morwen|Morwen Eledhwen]]. He had a younger sister [[Urwen]] whom everyone called ''Lalaith'', but she died in childhood from the [[Evil Breath]], the first grievous event in Túrin's life. After Húrin was captured in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] ("Battle of Unnumbered Tears"), Túrin remained with his mother Morwen, who hid him from the [[Easterlings]] that [[Morgoth]] had sent to [[Hithlum]], fearing they would kill Túrin or enslave him.

Túrin was friends with [[Sador]], their household servant whom he helped in his work. Sador taught him many things and carved several things for him from wood.<ref>{{CH|1}}, p. 41</ref>

===Doriath===
When Túrin was nine years old, Morwen sent him to [[Doriath]], away from his beloved mother and best friend, causing his heart to break for the third time since the curse was cast on him. She sent with him [[Gethron]] and [[Grithnir]], long-time servants, to Húrin's house. Shortly after they departed from Dor-Lómin, Túrin's second sister, [[Nienor]], was born. The road there was long and difficult, and the three travelers came close to dying of hunger and cold in the very outlying woods of their destination, but they were rescued by [[Beleg]]. In Doriath he was adopted by King [[Thingol]] as a son, being that his father Húrin was held in high honor in those lands. Thingol and Melian sent messengers inviting Túrin's mother to come to live in Doriath, which she declined, much to Túrin's grief.<ref>{{CH|4}}</ref>
[[File:Anke Eißmann - Túrin begs leave of Thingol and Melian.jpg|150px|left|thumb|''Túrin begs leave of Thingol and Melian'' by [[Anke Eißmann]]]]
In Doriath, Túrin learned many skills, such as hunting, woodcraft, archery, sword fighting, and speaking [[Sindarin]]. As he grew older, however, he became restless. He began inquiring about the Men of the North, as Thingol and Morwen frequently exchanged news for Túrin's sake. Through these messages, he learned of his younger sister Nienor, although he never saw her. As Morgoth's hold on the North increased, and news from Hithlum grew scarce, Túrin sought to travel there to join the fight against the Dark Lord and find out about his kin. He asked the King's permission to join [[Beleg|Beleg Cúthalion]] in the northern marches of Doriath, fighting the [[Orcs]] of Morgoth. He wore the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]], which was sent by his mother and brought to him by Thingol's messengers, and the Orcs began to fear him more than any other.<ref name="Doriath">{{CH|5}}</ref>

Upon returning, Túrin accidentally caused the death of [[Saeros]], one of Thingol's counselors who had provoked and attacked him. Before he could be either punished or forgiven, he fled,<ref name="Doriath" /> eventually meeting up with a band of outlaws, the [[Gaurwaith]] who dwelt south of the [[Forest of Brethil]]. There he was only known by the epithet '''''Neithan''''' ("The Wronged"). Túrin killed their leader [[Forweg]] and became their leader in his place. During his rule, he stopped the outlaws from raiding houses of Men, and only hunted Orcs.<ref name="Outlaws">{{CH|6}}</ref>

===Dor-Cúarthol===
In the meantime, Beleg Cúthalion obtained leave from Thingol to seek out his friend.<ref>{{CH|5}}, p. 96</ref> Beleg found Túrin's outlaws at their camp, and when he could not persuade his friend to leave the outlaws, he left to return to Doriath.<ref name="Outlaws" /> While they were parted, and after such a long time living in the wild, Túrin's band captured [[Mîm]] the [[Petty-dwarves|Petty-dwarf]]. Mîm was forced to share his [[House of Ransom|halls]] on [[Amon Rûdh]] with them.<ref>{{CH|7}}</ref>
[[File:Elena Kukanova - Strongbow and Dragonhelm.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Strongbow and Dragonhelm'' by [[Elena Kukanova]]]]
At Doriath, Beleg asked to be able to join his friend. Thingol allowed this and also gave him the black sword [[Anglachel]], and [[Melian]] gave him ''[[lembas]]''. Beleg returned to Túrin that winter, healing those of the band that had become sick with cold. Beleg brought with him the Dragon-helm, and the area around Amon Rûdh became known as '''[[Dor-Cúarthol]]''', the "Land of Bow and Helm" (since Beleg was known as a mighty bowman). Túrin took the name '''''Gorthol''''', "The Dread Helm". Many warriors joined them, and much of [[West Beleriand]] was freed from evil for a while.

Eventually, Túrin was betrayed by Mîm, and he was captured and all his men slain.<ref>{{CH|8}}</ref> Beleg survived and rescued Túrin from the Orcs in [[Taur-nu-Fuin (Dorthonion)|Taur-nu-Fuin]] with the help of [[Gwindor]], an escaped slave of Morgoth, but Túrin accidentally killed Beleg with Beleg's sword Anglachel. Gwindor led Túrin, dazed, to the [[Pools of Ivrin]], where he came back to his senses.<ref>{{CH|9}}</ref>

===Nargothrond===
Gwindor then led Túrin to [[Nargothrond]], where once he had lived. In Nargothrond Túrin hid his name, calling himself '''''[[Agarwaen]], son of [[Úmarth]]''''' ("Bloodstained, son of Ill-fate"). He had Anglachel reforged and named it [[Gurthang]] ("Iron of Death"). [[Finduilas]], daughter of [[Orodreth]], fell in love with him, but he avoided her because she had previously been the beloved of his friend Gwindor. Túrin declined to tell her his name, so she called him '''''Thurin''''' ("The Secret"). He was also called '''''Adanedhel''''' ("Man-Elf") because he was so like an Elf, though he was a [[Men|Man]].<ref>{{CH|10}}</ref>

His identity did not remain hidden for long. Gwindor revealed to [[Finduilas]] that 'Agarwaen' was in fact Túrin, and 'Úmarth' his famous father [[Húrin]]. Whether the news is reached Finduilas' father, King [[Orodreth]], Túrin was given great honor and standing. Túrin believed revealing his identity thus would also bring home Morgoth's curse. <ref group="note">[[Christopher Tolkien]] makes clear that this was not the case. Cf. {{CH|Introduction}}, p. 18.</ref>
[[File:Donato Giancola - Sack of Nargothrond.jpeg|thumb|200px|''Sack of Nargothrond'' by [[Donato Giancola]]]]
Túrin became a chief counselor of the weak Orodreth and was highly influential in Nargothrond. He encouraged the [[Elves of Nargothrond]] to abandon their practice of secrecy, and they built a great bridge before the gates. Because of his prowess with Gurthang, he became known as '''''Mormegil''''' ("Black Sword").
Morgoth sent the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Glaurung]] to Nargothrond. Túrin was caught by the powerful gaze of Glaurung and stood by idly as Finduilas was dragged away, calling to him, a captive for Morgoth. Glaurung deceived him into believing Morwen and Nienor were suffering in Dor-lómin, and Túrin abandoned Finduilas to seek out his kin. In actuality, Morwen and Nienor were safely in Doriath, as Túrin's efforts had made the way passable.

Once in Dor-lómin, Túrin found his old home empty. He went to the wooden halls of the Easterling lord [[Brodda]], who had taken Húrin's kinswoman [[Aerin]] as a wife and had taken Húrin's lands and possessions. From Aerin, Túrin learned that Morwen had left, and in his rage he killed Brodda, thereby sealing Aerin's fate. As an unintended consequence of Túrin’s problematic heroism, Aerin immolated herself alive in her halls, and the remainder of the [[House of Hador]] were persecuted by the Easterlings even more cruelly than before.

Túrin next tried to find Finduilas, but by the time he picked up the Orc's trail he came too late: the woodsmen of [[Brethil]] informed him she had been killed as they had tried to rescue the prisoners of Nargothrond. Túrin collapsed on the mound she was buried in, and was brought to Brethil.

===Brethil===
In Brethil, Túrin again took up his life, now calling himself '''''Turambar''''' ("Master of Fate") in the act of bravado, deciding that his curse was now finally over. One day he found a naked young woman on [[Haudh-en-Elleth]], and calling her ''[[Níniel]],'' he later took her as his wife.

Túrin's happiness ended when Glaurung came near Brethil. Túrin, with two others, set out to kill the dragon, but he was the only one to reach the drake. With his black sword, he killed Glaurung at [[Cabed-en-Aras]] but was hurt and fell in a swoon. As Níniel came to search for him, Glaurung with his last word, revealed to her she was Túrin's sister. Horrified, Níniel killed herself.

[[File:John Howe - Dragon's Curse.jpg|thumb|200px|''Dragon's Curse'' by [[John Howe]]]]
When Túrin awoke he was told by [[Brandir]], lord of the [[Haladin]] of Brethil what had happened, and he killed Brandir, refusing to believe. When he learned from [[Mablung]] of Doriath who had come to seek him that Brandir had told the truth, he killed himself on [[Gurthang]], his black sword.

Túrin was buried near Finduilas' grave, and on his tombstone, the Haladin wrote in the [[Angerthas Daeron|Cirth of Doriath]]:

<blockquote>TÚRIN TURAMBAR DAGNIR GLAURUNGA (''Túrin, Conqueror of Fate, Slayer of Glaurung'')</blockquote>

Beneath that they also wrote:

<blockquote>NIENOR NÍNIEL</blockquote>

though her body could not be found.

==Legacy==
Two years later, Morwen and Húrin came separately to Túrin's grave and met for the last time. Morwen passed away that night and Húrin buried her near their son, inscribing her epitaph on the same [[Stone of the Hapless|stone]]. The burial mound survived the [[War of Wrath]] and sinking of Beleriand to become [[Tol Morwen]], the westernmost isle off the coast of [[Lindon]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s.<ref>{{S|22}}</ref>

Túrin was a first cousin of [[Tuor]], father of [[Eärendil]]. There are many parallels between the circumstances of their lives (both lost their fathers in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, were raised in part by Elves, spent time as outlaws and as prisoners, and were war-leaders in the greatest [[Noldor]]in fortresses), but the outcome of Tuor's life was quite different. (Even Túrin's coloring was dark, enhancing his resemblance to the Noldorin Elves but further setting him apart from his fair-haired cousin.) The two never actually met, but Tuor did once see his cousin in passing on his way to Gondolin (not an everyday occurrence in the wilds of [[Beleriand]]).

There were several prophecies that Túrin would return from death. The [[Wise-woman]] [[Andreth]] of the [[Edain]] prophesied that Túrin "in the Last Battle should return from the Dead, and before he left the [[Circles of the World]] for ever should challenge the Great Dragon of Morgoth, [[Ancalagon]] the Black, and deal him the death-stroke."<ref name="Rosnotes">{{PM|Rosnotes}}, ''Note 17'', p. 374</ref><ref group="note">According to Christopher Tolkien, Andreth predicted the [[War of Wrath]] at the end of the age in this prophecy making unclear whether it was [[Eärendil]] or Túrin who killed Ancalagon in the War of Wrath.</ref>

According to the [[Second Prophecy of Mandos]], at the end of time Morgoth will return to [[Valinor]] to wage a final battle against the Valar and Túrin will return to "deal unto Morgoth his death and final end."<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 333</ref>

Whether the tragedies in Túrin's life were the result of Morgoth's curse, his own arrogance, or some combination of the two is debatable. Túrin is one of the few heroes of the [[Elder Days]] to have committed suicide and several of the others (such as [[Aerin]], Húrin and Nienor) are connected with his story.

==Etymology==
:''See: [[Túrin (disambiguation)]] and [[Turambar (disambiguation)]]''

In [[The Etymologies]] Túrin was given as a compound of [[Noldorin|N.]] ''tûr '''victroy' and ''ind'' 'heart'.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Quenya]] form of his name was given as ''Turindo''.<ref name=":0">{{LR|P3}}, entry "[[TUR]]"</ref>

In [[Parma Eldalamberon 22|Late Notes on Verb Structure]], written around [[1969]], Tolkien stated that the [[Quenya]] word ''turindo'' meant 'purposeful mind' or 'strong-will', and that as a name its form was ''Túrin.''<ref>{{PE|22c}}, p. 165</ref>

==Other names==
Túrin took and was given many names through his life, listed here in chronological order:

*'''Woodwose''' or '''Wildman of the Woods''', first given by Saeros as an insult, Túrin used it when questioned about his identity by the woodsmen he had rescued.<ref>{{CH|13}}, p. 194</ref>
*'''''[[Neithan]]''''', ([[S.]] "The Wronged"), taken by Túrin when he joined the outlaws.<ref>{{CH|6}}, p. 101</ref>
*'''''Gorthol''''', ([[S.]] "The Dread Helm"), taken by Túrin when he claimed lordship of Dor-Cúarthol in reference to the Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin.<ref>{{CH|8}}, p. 146</ref>
*'''''Agarwaen''''', ''son of [[Úmarth]]'', ([[S.]] "Bloodstained, son of Ill-fate"), the names Túrin gave himself and his father while in Nargothrond in an attempt to hide his identity as a child of Húrin.<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 159</ref>
*'''''Adanedhel''''', ([[S.]] "Elf-Man"), given to him by the Elves of Nargothrond, who recognized the nobility he had acquired while in Doriath.<ref>{{CH|10}}, pp. 163-164</ref>
*'''''[[Thurin]]''''', ([[S.]] "The Secret"), given to him by Finduilas, who doubted that his true name was ''Agarwaen''.<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 165</ref>
*'''''Mormegil''''', ([[S.]] "Black Sword"), acquired by Túrin while he dwelt in Nargothrond, in reference to his black sword, [[Gurthang]].<ref>{{CH|10}}, p. 160</ref>
*'''''Turambar''''', ([[Q.]] "Master of Doom"), taken by Túrin when he lived among the Men of Brethil, signifying his perceived freedom from the curse of Morgoth.<ref>{{CH|13}}, p. 196</ref>
*'''''Dagnir Glaurunga''''', ([[S.]] "Glaurung's Bane"), given after he killed Glaurung and carved with [[Angerthas Daeron|Runes of Doriath]] on the [[Stone of the Hapless]].<ref>{{CH|18}}, p. 257</ref>
*'''''Naeramarth''''', ([[S.]] "Evilfated"), given within Tolkien's genealogical tree of the [[Half-elven]] kinship.<ref>[[Kinship of the Half-elven]], main image</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | BRE | | | | HAL | | HAD | BRE=[[Bregolas]]|HAL=[[Halmir]]|HAD=[[Hador|Hador Lórindol]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree | BEL | | BAR | | HAR |y| GAL | BEL=[[Belegund]]|BAR=[[Baragund]]|GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor of Dor-lómin]]|HAR=[[Hareth]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree | | | | | MOR |y| HUR | | HUO | | |MOR=[[Morwen|Morwen Eledhwen]]|HUR=[[Húrin|Húrin Thalion]]|HUO=[[Huor]]}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | TUR | | LAL | | NIE | | | | TUR='''TÚRIN TURAMBAR'''|LAL=[[Lalaith]]|NIE=[[Nienor]]}}
{{familytree | | | |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
{{expansion}}
The broad strokes of the story of Túrin in the legendarium originates in Tolkien's attempted [[The Story of Kullervo|retelling]] of Kullervo's tale from [[Elias Lönnrot]]'s [[Kalevala]].<ref>''[[The Story of Kullervo]]''</ref>

In an early linguistic text, the [[Gnomes]] of Nargothrond gave Túrin the name '''''Gormagli''''', which is [[Noldorin]] for "Great Bear". Its cognate in [[Qenya]] is '''''Oromatsilë'''''.<ref>{{PE|13}}</ref>{{rp|149}}

==Inspiration==
Unpublished drafts of the story, later edited by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and published in ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' and ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]'' series, tell the story in greater detail. These have been carefully edited together with other drafts to form ''[[The Children of Húrin]]'', released in 2007.

The supposed resemblance of Túrin to figures from medieval tales can be confirmed by part of a letter Tolkien wrote to [[Milton Waldman]] concerning the publication of his works:

{{blockquote|There is the ''Children of Húrin'', the tragic tale of Túrin Turambar and his sister Níniel — of which Túrin is the hero: a figure that might be said (by people who like that sort of thing, though it is not very useful) to be '''derived from elements in Sigurd the Volsung, Oedipus, and the Finnish Kullervo'''.|[[Letter 131]]}}

{{blockquote|Again one may detect certain literary influences: the hero's [Túrin's] fight with a great dragon [Glaurung] inevitably suggests comparison with the deeds of '''Sigurd''' and '''Beowulf''', while his unknowing incest with his sister and his subsequent suicide were derived quite consciously from the story of '''Kullervo in the Kalevala'''.|''[[J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography]]'', Part III, Chapter 1: "Lost Tales"}}

Túrin shares several common traits with all of the characters below, like coming closer to their fate when attempting to evade it. Another significant trait is their gifted but hot tempered nature and strong will paired with their reluctance to heed wise counsels that would save them from their fate.

===Oedipus===
'''[[Wikipedia:Oedipus|Oedipus]]''' was a prince of Thebes, but his parents heard a prophecy that he would cause their demise. To evade it, they order a shepherd to kill him. However the shepherd spares the baby and gives him to a childless family. Oedipus grew ignorant of his heritage; he then heard a prophecy according to which he will kill his father and marry his mother. He left in self-exile to take himself away from his (foster) parents.

However this brought himself closer to Thebes and his actual parents. On his way, he kills a man who unknown to him, is his actual father, the King of Thebes, fulfilling therefore part of the prophecy. Then he enters the city and after defeating the Sphinx, the people name him to replace the lost King of Thebes; furthermore, Oedipus marries the King's widow, who is in fact his mother.

Years later, while investigating the death of the former King, he realizes all the truths in his life: the King was the very man he had killed, and furthermore, he and his Queen were his parents. Oedipus blinds himself and leaves in self-exile with his two daughters/half-sisters while his mother/wife strangles herself.

===Kullervo===
{{Seealso|Kalevala#Túrin Turambar and Kullervo|l1=Túrin Turambar and Kullervo}}
In the [[Kalevala]], '''[[Wikipedia:Kullervo|Kullervo]]''''s tribe is killed by his uncle, and himself is separated by his family, something that fills him with hate and desire for revenge. As a slave, he uses magic to kill his masters and returns to his tribe; afterwards he seduces a girl, who commits suicide after discovering she is his lost sister.

Then he repeats his vows: he refuses to hear any words of reconsideration and gets a broadsword which he uses to slay the enemy tribe. On his return, he sees all his family dead. He asks the magic sword to slay him, which replies, and then he falls on it.

===Sigurd===
'''[[Wikipedia:Sigurd|Sigurd]]''''s mother marries a King and Sigurd himself is fostered by a Dwarf. The Dwarf tells him about the hoard of the dragon Fafnir (who is his brother) and remakes a broken heirloom sword for him. Sigurd slays Fafnir by waiting for him in a pit, stabbing him with the sword as he passes over it. The gold he wins, however, is cursed.

===Balin===
'''[[Wikipedia:Sir Balin|Sir Balin]]''' was a knight of the King Arthur's court in ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' who possessed a magic sword. By this he was unknowingly cursed to slay his own brother. Through a well-meaning act of his, he is further cursed to make the most dolorous strike ever made by man, save only the piercing of Christ's side. Later, while in King Pellam's castle, he kills Pellam's brother and maims Pellam, ruining the castle and making all the surrounding lands into a wasteland, much as Túrin slayed Brodda in his own house and how his pride brought about the destruction of Nargothrond. Eventually, he kills his brother Balan, but is mortally wounded in doing so, and outlives him by only a few hours. They were then both laid in one grave.

==See also==
*''[[The Children of Húrin]]''
*''[[The Story of Kullervo]]''
*''[[The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun]]''

{{References|Notes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turin}}
{{gaurwaith}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Children of Húrin]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gnomish names]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:Noldorin names]]
[[Category:Rulers in the Great Lands]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[de:Túrin]]
[[fi:Túrin]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/1a/peuple de hador/turin]]

Rost

2025-05-01T05:49:41Z

Parmandil: Added references, corrected gloss

'''''rost''''' is a [[Sindarin]] adjective meaning '''<nowiki/>'rainy',''' found in the name [[Dimrost]].<ref>{{Cite DTP|id=S QS.21.101}}</ref> It likely is derived from the noun ''<nowiki/>'ross','' meaning 'rain, spray'<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-175808031.html?neo|articlename=rost|author=Paul Strack|accessed=1 May 2025|website=https://eldamo.org/index.html}}</ref>
<references />
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]

Beregond (Steward of Gondor)

2025-05-01T05:27:25Z

Parmandil: Noted Beregonds siblings. They need to be added to the tree, but idk how to do that

Faramir (son of Ondoher)

2025-04-29T20:37:46Z

Parmandil: Added Death date

__NOTOC__{{disambig-more|Faramir|[[Faramir (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Faramir
| image=Liz Danforth - Faramir son of Ondoher.jpg
| caption="Faramir son of Ondoher" by [[Liz Danforth]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Before {{TA|1896}}<ref group="note">{{TA|1896}} is listed as the year of birth for [[Fíriel]], Artamir's youngest sibling, in {{PM|Elendil}}, p. 201. In {{UT|Cirion}} Faramir is noted to be three years younger than his brother Artamir.</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=[[12 July]] {{TA|1944}}
| deathlocation=[[Disaster of the Morannon]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Ondoher]]
| siblings=[[Artamir]] and [[Fíriel]]
| spouse=
| children=None
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Faramir''' was the younger son of King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

==History==
When his father and elder brother [[Artamir]] rode to war with the [[Wainriders]], Faramir was supposed to stay in [[Minas Anor]] as [[regent of Gondor]], according to the custom, as the second in line to the throne.

Not content with that role, Faramir rode out in disguise amongst the [[Éothéod]]. However he was caught with a party of them as they retreated towards the [[Dead Marshes]]. The [[Leader of the Éothéod]] came to their rescue, but Faramir died in his arms. After he searched his body he found out that the dead soldier was the Prince of Gondor.

The Leader went to join [[Minohtar]] at the head of the [[North Road]] in [[Ithilien]]. Minohtar was preparing a message to be taken to the prince when he learned the news that the prince had been killed in battle.<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | TEL | | | | | | | | |TEL=[[Telumehtar Umbardacil]] ''{{TA|1632|n}} - {{TA|1850|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | NAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ARC |NAR=[[Narmacil II]] ''{{TA|1684|n}} - {{TA|1856|n}}''†|ARC=[[Arciryas]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | CAL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CAM |CAL=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] ''{{TA|1736|n}} - {{TA|1936|n}}''|CAM=[[Calimmacil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | OND | | | | | | ARN | | DAU | | SIR |OND=[[Ondoher]] ''{{TA|1787|n}} - {{TA|1944|n}}''†|ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of Arnor'']]|DAU=''daughter'' ''unknown''|SIR=[[Siriondil (son of Calimmacil)|Siriondil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |:| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ART | | FAR | | FIR |y| ARV | | MIN | | EAR |ART=[[Artamir]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|FAR='''FARAMIR''' ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|FIR=[[Fíriel]] ''b. {{TA|1896|n}}''|ARV=[[Arvedui]] ''{{TA|1864|n}} - {{TA|1975|n}}''†|MIN=[[Minohtar]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|EAR=[[Eärnil II]] ''{{TA|1883|n}} - {{TA|2043|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | | EAR |ARA=[[Aranarth]] ''{{TA|1938|n}} - {{TA|2106|n}}''|EAR=[[Eärnur]] ''{{TA|1928|n}} - {{TA|2050|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | COD | | | | | | | | | | |COD=[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|''Chieftains of the Dúnedain'']]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | | | | |ARA=[[Aragorn]] ''{{TA|2931|n}} - {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Faramir (son of Ondoher).jpg|thumb|left|Faramir's shade in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2016: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Faramir was cursed by his father for failing him as a son and as an heir. His [[undead|shade]] still wanders the Wastes of [[Dagorlad]] near Ondoher's Folly, the hill on which his father was slain.

{{references|notes}}
{{title}}
[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Faramir (Sohn von Ondoher)]]
[[fi:Faramir (Ondoherin poika)]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/faramir_fils_d_ondoher]]

Artamir

2025-04-29T20:37:01Z

Parmandil: Added death date

{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Artamir
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Before {{TA|1893}}<ref group="note">{{TA|1896}} is listed as the year of birth for [[Fíriel]], Artamir's youngest sibling, in {{PM|Elendil}}, 'Ondohir', p. 201. In {{UT|Cirion}} [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)]], Artamir's middle sibling is noted to be three years younger than his brother Artamir, meaning Artamir must have been born at least 3 years before [[Fíriel]].</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=[[12 July]] {{TA|1944}}
| deathlocation=[[Disaster of the Morannon]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Ondoher]]
| siblings=[[Fíriel]] and [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]]
| spouse=
| children=None
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Artamir''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "noble jewel", pron. {{IPA|[ˈartamir]}}, stem ''Artamír-''; died {{TA|1944}}) was the elder son and heir of King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]].<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

==History==
Prince Artamir was the son of the [[King of Gondor]], and elder brother of [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]] and [[Fíriel]]. They were born during perilous years for Gondor. King Ondoher had been warned by [[Forthwini]] of [[Éothéod]] that the [[Wainriders]] were on the move. Indeed the realm was assaulted simultaneously from the East and the South.

In {{TA|1944}} Artamir and his father Ondoher were the two top leaders of the northern army of [[Gondor]] and led their forces into [[Ithilien]] in order to deploy upon the [[Dagorlad]], expecting the enemy from the north or north-east. Unfortunately the enemy not only came quicker than expected, but also directly from the east along the outskirts of the [[Ered Lithui]]. The army of Gondor was strung out when the vanguard was struck by a powerful force of mixed cavalry and chariot-borne warriors. The King, Artamir, and most of the King's Guard were annihilated in the attack.<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
Artamir was the eldest son and heir of Ondoher, and with his death, the line of succession should move to close male relatives of the [[House of Anárion]]. However his younger brother Faramir was also slain (he secretly disguised himself to participate in the battle) as well as the King's sister-son, [[Minohtar]] and the throne of Gondor remained vacant.

His sister Fíriel was married to [[Arvedui]], son and heir of the northern King of [[Arthedain]], and partly based on his marriage, he asked to be granted the throne. However, the Steward [[Pelendur]] and the [[Council of Gondor]] selected general [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], who had crushed the enemies in the [[Battle of the Camp]] and saved the realm, to be the next king.<ref name="Gondor" />

==Etymology==
''Artamir'' is [[Quenya]]. Its meaning is not glossed, but as Paul Strack explains, it means "Noble Jewel" and is a compound of the prefixal form [[arta]] of ''arata'' ("noble") and [[mir|mírë]] ("jewel").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-856718477.html|articlename=Q. ''Artamir'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=28 July 2021}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | TEL | | | | | | | | |TEL=[[Telumehtar Umbardacil]] ''{{TA|1632|n}} - {{TA|1850|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | NAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ARC |NAR=[[Narmacil II]] ''{{TA|1684|n}} - {{TA|1856|n}}''†|ARC=[[Arciryas]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | CAL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CAM |CAL=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] ''{{TA|1736|n}} - {{TA|1936|n}}''|CAM=[[Calimmacil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | OND | | | | | | ARN | | DAU | | SIR |OND=[[Ondoher]] ''{{TA|1787|n}} - {{TA|1944|n}}''†|ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of Arnor'']]|DAU=''daughter'' ''unknown''|SIR=[[Siriondil (son of Calimmacil)|Siriondil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |:| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ART | | FAR | | FIR |y| ARV | | MIN | | EAR |ART='''ARTAMIR''' ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|FAR=[[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|FIR=[[Fíriel]] ''b. {{TA|1896|n}}''|ARV=[[Arvedui]] ''{{TA|1864|n}} - {{TA|1975|n}}''†|MIN=[[Minohtar]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|EAR=[[Eärnil II]] ''{{TA|1883|n}} - {{TA|2043|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | | EAR |ARA=[[Aranarth]] ''{{TA|1938|n}} - {{TA|2106|n}}''|EAR=[[Eärnur]] ''{{TA|1928|n}} - {{TA|2050|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | COD | | | | | | | | | | |COD=[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|''Chieftains of the Dúnedain'']]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | | | | |ARA=[[Aragorn]] ''{{TA|2931|n}} - {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references|notes}}

[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Artamir]]
[[fi:Artamir]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/artamir]]

Ondoher

2025-04-29T20:35:37Z

Parmandil: Added date of death

{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Ondoher
| image=Jack Dullahan - The fall of King Ondoher.jpg
| caption="The fall of King Ondoher" by [[:Category:Images by Jack Dullahan|Jack Dullahan]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| position=
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|1787}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|1936}} - {{TA|1944|n}} (8 years)
| death=[[12 July]] {{TA|1944}}
| deathlocation=[[Disaster of the Morannon]]
| age=157
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]
| siblings=Unnamed sister
| spouse=
| children=[[Artamir]], [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]] and [[Fíriel]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Ondoher''' ({{TA|1787}}<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> – {{TA|1944|n}},<ref name="South">{{App|South}}</ref> aged 157 years) was the thirty-first [[King of Gondor]].

==History==
===Renewing Old Ties===
Ondoher became King in {{TA|1936}} upon the death of his father, [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]].<ref name="South" /> During his reign, and that of [[Araphant]] of [[Arthedain]], the long-estranged kingdoms of the [[Dúnedain]] took counsel again, for they finally perceived that some single will and power was coordinating the multiple assaults upon their kingdoms. In a sign of their renewed relationship, Ondoher's daughter [[Fíriel]] married Prince [[Arvedui]] of [[Arthedain]] in {{TA|1940|n}}.<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

However, neither kingdom could aid the other when new evils set upon them - in the North [[Angmar]] attacked Arthedain while in the South the [[Wainriders]] struck in great force. Ondoher was not taken unaware by the renewed assault for [[Forthwini]] of [[Éothéod]] had informed the King that the Wainriders had recovered from their fears and weaknesses. Ondoher also learned that Gondor's southern enemies were preparing to attack. He raised as great an army as he could to meet the double threat.

Ondoher divided his strength into two armies, assigning the smaller [[Southern Army]] to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], a member of the Royal House descended from King [[Telumehtar Umbardacil|Telumehtar]]. This army was based at [[Pelargir]] while Ondoher took command of the larger [[Northern Army]] himself, which included his elder son [[Artamir]]. This arrangement was acceptable provided that an undisputed heir to the throne was left behind, in this case Ondoher's younger son, [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]].

===The Deaths of Ondoher and His Sons===
In {{TA|1944}} the enemies of [[Gondor]] made a double assault: First the [[Haradrim]] invaded from the south, and then a few days later word came of the [[Wainriders]] invading from the east. While Ëarnil moved to deal with the southern incursion, the northern army headed north through [[Ithilien]], planning to deploy upon the [[Dagorlad]]. Unfortunately, the Wainriders moved faster than expected along the outskirts of the [[Ered Lithui]] and struck the head of Gondor's army before any defensive dispositions had been made. Swiftly the enemy's chariots and horsemen overwhelmed the King's Guard, killing both Ondoher and Artamir at the [[Disaster of the Morannon]].

King Ondoher's sister-son, [[Minohtar]] attempted to stem the onslaught of the Wainriders. During the rout the [[leader of the Éothéod]] brought to Minohtar the body of Faramir, who had disguised himself in order to fight with a party of the Éothéod. Soon Minohtar himself was slain as the enemy poured into northern Ithilien.

==Selecting the Next King==
The suddenness of their victory was the Wainriders' undoing. Unbeknownst to them Eärnil had crushed the [[Haradrim]] and was racing north to aid the northern army. His attack upon the feasting Wainriders, later known as the [[Battle of the Camp]], defeated the Wainriders and sent them reeling back into the East.<ref>{{UT|Northmen}}</ref>

With King Ondoher and both of his male heirs dead, Arvedui of Arthedain sought the throne of Gondor. Arvedui put forth two arguments in support of his claim: First, he was the direct descendant of [[Isildur]], whom Arvedui said had never relinquished his royalty in Gondor. Second, his wife [[Fíriel]] was King Ondoher's daughter and by the ancient [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] law the sceptre should have been hers. But Arvedui's claim was rejected by the Steward [[Pelendur]] and the Council of Gondor. The crown was granted to the victorious general Eärnil, of the royal [[House of Anárion]] who took the crown as King [[Eärnil II]].<ref name="Gondor" />

==Etymology==
Ondoher is [[Quenya]]. Its meaning is not glossed, but as Paul Strack explains, it means "Stone Lord" and is a compound of [[ondo]] ("stone") and ''[[heru|hér]]'' ("lord"),<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-1359985459.html|articlename=Q. ''Ondoher'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=28 July 2021}}</ref> in reference to Gondor, the "Stone Land".

The name "Ondoher" was spelled as ''Ondohir'' in early manuscripts, changed to ''Ondonir'' in a later manuscript, reverted to ''Ondohir'' in the first edition of ''[[The Return of the King]]'', and finally became ''Ondoher'' in the second edition.<ref name="Elendil" />

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | TEL | | | | | | | | |TEL=[[Telumehtar Umbardacil]] ''{{TA|1632|n}} - {{TA|1850|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | NAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ARC |NAR=[[Narmacil II]] ''{{TA|1684|n}} - {{TA|1856|n}}''†|ARC=[[Arciryas]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | CAL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CAM |CAL=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] ''{{TA|1736|n}} - {{TA|1936|n}}''|CAM=[[Calimmacil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | OND | | | | | | ARN | | DAU | | SIR |OND='''ONDOHER''' ''{{TA|1787|n}} - {{TA|1944|n}}''†|ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of Arnor'']]|DAU=''daughter'' ''unknown''|SIR=[[Siriondil (son of Calimmacil)|Siriondil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |:| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ART | | FAR | | FIR |y| ARV | | MIN | | EAR |ART=[[Artamir]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|FAR=[[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|FIR=[[Fíriel]] ''b. {{TA|1896|n}}''|ARV=[[Arvedui]] ''{{TA|1864|n}} - {{TA|1975|n}}''†|MIN=[[Minohtar]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|EAR=[[Eärnil II]] ''{{TA|1883|n}} - {{TA|2043|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | | EAR |ARA=[[Aranarth]] ''{{TA|1938|n}} - {{TA|2106|n}}''|EAR=[[Eärnur]] ''{{TA|1928|n}} - {{TA|2050|n}}''†}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Anárion]] Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]
| born={{TA|1787}}
| died={{TA|1944}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]
| list=31st [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|1936}} - {{TA|1944|n}}
| nvac=Vacant
| next=Next held by: [[Eärnil II|Eärnil II]], 1 year later
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{southernline}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Ondoher]]
[[fi:Ondoher]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/ondoher]]

Disaster of the Morannon

2025-04-29T20:34:53Z

Parmandil: Further date refinement

{{unnamed}}
{{battle
| name=Disaster of the Morannon
| image = Olanda Fong-Surdenas - Easterling.jpg
| conflict=[[Wainrider/Balchoth War]]
| date=[[12 July]] {{TA|1944}}
| place=[[Ithilien]], [[Morannon]]
| result=Victory for the Wainriders
| side1=[[Gondor]], [[Éothéod]]
| side2=[[Wainriders]], [[Haradrim]], [[Khand]]
| commanders1=[[Ondoher]] †
*[[Artamir]] †
*[[Minohtar]] †
*[[Adrahil (Captain of the Left Wing)|Adrahil]]
*[[Leader of the Éothéod]]
| commanders2=Unknown
| forces1=
| forces2=
| casual1=Severe, including prince [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]]
|casual2=Probably moderate
|}}

The '''disaster of the Morannon''' was a battle on 12 July {{TA|1944}} in which King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]] attempted to rout the northern alliance of [[Wainriders]].<ref name="Northmen">{{UT|Northmen}}</ref>

==Events Prior to the Battle==
After previous defeats, the Wainriders prepared for revenge. [[Easterlings]] allied with [[Haradrim]] and [[Men]] of [[Khand]], and attacked Gondor from two sides from the east and from the south.<ref name="Northmen" />

[[Forthwini]] of [[Éothéod]] informed the King that the Wainriders had recovered from their fears and weaknesses. Ondoher also learned that Gondor's southern enemies were preparing to attack. He raised as great an army as he could to meet the double threat. Ondoher divided his strength into two armies, assigning the smaller [[Southern Army]] to [[Eärnil]] at Pelargir. Ondoher himself took command of the larger [[Northern Army]] himself, which included his elder son [[Artamir]] at the Center; his sister-son [[Minohtar]] was assigned the position of Captain of the Right Wing; [[Adrahil (Captain of the Left Wing)|Adrahil]] of [[Dol Amroth]] was the Captain of the Left Wing. The Éothéod also sent a force.<ref name="Northmen" />

==The Battle==
The Haradrim invaded from the south and word reached [[Pelargir]] on [[9 July]]. A few days later on [[12 July]] word came of the Wainriders invading from the east.<ref name="Northmen" />

Gondor's host headed north through Ithilien on the alliance of Wainriders, planning to deploy upon the [[Dagorlad]] and attempting to rout them once and for all from Gondor's northern borders. Minohtar followed the main force that included the [[King's Guard]]s as they approached the area in front of the [[Morannon]] on the morning of 12 July.<ref name="Northmen" />

However, the Wainriders and their allies, bitter from previous defeats, moved faster than expected along the outskirts of the [[Ered Lithui]] attacked them with vengeance. They sent forth a swift vanguard of horsemen and charioteers that struck the head of the moving army. Ondoher had just enough time to send a message to Minohtar to cover his left flank before he and his son, with most of the King's Guard, were annihilated.<ref name="Northmen" />

Minohtar then took command of the army, rallying the remaining men of the Centre and deploying his own command. It was his intention to use his forces as a rearguard to attempt to halt the Wainriders, whose main host was now approaching.<ref name="Northmen" />

Minohtar odered Adrahil to withdraw the troops the Left Wing and the troops at the rear of the Ring Wing who had not yet participated in the battle south into Ithilien to form a defensive line from [[Cair Andros]] to the [[Ephel Dúath]] to cover the approaches of [[Minas Anor]] and allow Minohtar to form a rearguard and attempt to stem the advance of the Wainriders. In addition, Adrahil should send a message to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] of the Southern Army, and inform him of the disaster of the Morannon and of the position of the retreating Northern Army.<ref name="Northmen" />

Meanwhile, a party of Éothéod retreated towards the [[Dead Marshes]]. One of the soldiers who died was [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], the Prince of Gondor, disguised in order to fight against the will of his father. The [[leader of the Éothéod]] went to join Minohtar at the head of the [[North Road]] in [[Ithilien]]. The Wainriders broke through Minohtar's position. Late on the 13th day of [[Cermië]] Minohtar was overwhelmed and slain by an arrow. His body was carried away with the rearguard as they fled to find Adrahil.<ref name="Northmen" />

==Aftermath==
After their victory in the battle, the Wainriders stopped their advance<ref name="Northmen" /> and held a feast in their camp.<ref name="Ondoher">{{App|Gondor}}, entry for king Ondoher, p. 1049</ref>

Gondor referred to the battle as "the disaster of the Morannon". It is unknown if the Wainriders gave quarter to King Ondoher's forces, though it is known that his army was almost entirely crushed. Some of his troops managed to escape, however, and fled southward where they joined up with Gondor's Southern Army, which quickly marched north to catch the Wainriders by surprise during their celebrations in the [[Battle of the Camp]].<ref name="Ondoher" />

{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[fi:Morannonin Tappio]]

Disaster of the Morannon

2025-04-29T19:57:08Z

Parmandil: Added date from UT

{{unnamed}}
{{battle
| name=Disaster of the Morannon
| image = Olanda Fong-Surdenas - Easterling.jpg
| conflict=[[Wainrider/Balchoth War]]
| date={{12 July}} {{TA|1944}}
| place=[[Ithilien]], [[Morannon]]
| result=Victory for the Wainriders
| side1=[[Gondor]], [[Éothéod]]
| side2=[[Wainriders]], [[Haradrim]], [[Khand]]
| commanders1=[[Ondoher]] †
*[[Artamir]] †
*[[Minohtar]] †
*[[Adrahil (Captain of the Left Wing)|Adrahil]]
*[[Leader of the Éothéod]]
| commanders2=Unknown
| forces1=
| forces2=
| casual1=Severe, including prince [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]]
|casual2=Probably moderate
|}}

The '''disaster of the Morannon''' was a battle in {{TA|1944}} in which King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]] attempted to rout the northern alliance of [[Wainriders]].<ref name="Northmen">{{UT|Northmen}}</ref>

==Events Prior to the Battle==
After previous defeats, the Wainriders prepared for revenge. [[Easterlings]] allied with [[Haradrim]] and [[Men]] of [[Khand]], and attacked Gondor from two sides from the east and from the south.<ref name="Northmen" />

[[Forthwini]] of [[Éothéod]] informed the King that the Wainriders had recovered from their fears and weaknesses. Ondoher also learned that Gondor's southern enemies were preparing to attack. He raised as great an army as he could to meet the double threat. Ondoher divided his strength into two armies, assigning the smaller [[Southern Army]] to [[Eärnil]] at Pelargir. Ondoher himself took command of the larger [[Northern Army]] himself, which included his elder son [[Artamir]] at the Center; his sister-son [[Minohtar]] was assigned the position of Captain of the Right Wing; [[Adrahil (Captain of the Left Wing)|Adrahil]] of [[Dol Amroth]] was the Captain of the Left Wing. The Éothéod also sent a force.<ref name="Northmen" />

==The Battle==
The Haradrim invaded from the south and then a few days later word came of the Wainriders invading from the east.<ref name="Northmen" />

Gondor's host headed north through Ithilien on the alliance of Wainriders, planning to deploy upon the [[Dagorlad]] and attempting to rout them once and for all from Gondor's northern borders. Minohtar followed the main force that included the [[King's Guard]]s as they approached the area in front of the [[Morannon]].<ref name="Northmen" />

However, the Wainriders and their allies, bitter from previous defeats, moved faster than expected along the outskirts of the [[Ered Lithui]] attacked them with vengeance. They sent forth a swift vanguard of horsemen and charioteers that struck the head of the moving army. Ondoher had just enough time to send a message to Minohtar to cover his left flank before he and his son, with most of the King's Guard, were annihilated.<ref name="Northmen" />

Minohtar then took command of the army, rallying the remaining men of the Centre and deploying his own command. It was his intention to use his forces as a rearguard to attempt to halt the Wainriders, whose main host was now approaching.<ref name="Northmen" />

Minohtar odered Adrahil to withdraw the troops the Left Wing and the troops at the rear of the Ring Wing who had not yet participated in the battle south into Ithilien to form a defensive line from [[Cair Andros]] to the [[Ephel Dúath]] to cover the approaches of [[Minas Anor]] and allow Minohtar to form a rearguard and attempt to stem the advance of the Wainriders. In addition, Adrahil should send a message to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] of the Southern Army, and inform him of the disaster of the Morannon and of the position of the retreating Northern Army.<ref name="Northmen" />

Meanwhile, a party of Éothéod retreated towards the [[Dead Marshes]]. One of the soldiers who died was [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]], the Prince of Gondor, disguised in order to fight against the will of his father. The [[leader of the Éothéod]] went to join Minohtar at the head of the [[North Road]] in [[Ithilien]]. The Wainriders broke through Minohtar's position. Late on the 13th day of [[Cermië]] Minohtar was overwhelmed and slain by an arrow. His body was carried away with the rearguard as they fled to find Adrahil.<ref name="Northmen" />

==Aftermath==
After their victory in the battle, the Wainriders stopped their advance<ref name="Northmen" /> and held a feast in their camp.<ref name="Ondoher">{{App|Gondor}}, entry for king Ondoher, p. 1049</ref>

Gondor referred to the battle as "the disaster of the Morannon". It is unknown if the Wainriders gave quarter to King Ondoher's forces, though it is known that his army was almost entirely crushed. Some of his troops managed to escape, however, and fled southward where they joined up with Gondor's Southern Army, which quickly marched north to catch the Wainriders by surprise during their celebrations in the [[Battle of the Camp]].<ref name="Ondoher" />

{{references}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]
[[fi:Morannonin Tappio]]

Artamir

2025-04-27T04:56:13Z

Parmandil: Noting Artamir's date of birth must be at least 3 years before Firiel

{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Artamir
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Before {{TA|1893}}<ref group="note">{{TA|1896}} is listed as the year of birth for [[Fíriel]], Artamir's youngest sibling, in {{PM|Elendil}}, 'Ondohir', p. 201. In {{UT|Cirion}} [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)]], Artamir's middle sibling is noted to be three years younger than his brother Artamir, meaning Artamir must have been born at least 3 years before [[Fíriel]].</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{TA|1944}}
| deathlocation=[[Disaster of the Morannon]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Ondoher]]
| siblings=[[Fíriel]] and [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]]
| spouse=
| children=None
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Artamir''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "noble jewel", pron. {{IPA|[ˈartamir]}}, stem ''Artamír-''; died {{TA|1944}}) was the elder son and heir of King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]].<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

==History==
Prince Artamir was the son of the [[King of Gondor]], and elder brother of [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]] and [[Fíriel]]. They were born during perilous years for Gondor. King Ondoher had been warned by [[Forthwini]] of [[Éothéod]] that the [[Wainriders]] were on the move. Indeed the realm was assaulted simultaneously from the East and the South.

In {{TA|1944}} Artamir and his father Ondoher were the two top leaders of the northern army of [[Gondor]] and led their forces into [[Ithilien]] in order to deploy upon the [[Dagorlad]], expecting the enemy from the north or north-east. Unfortunately the enemy not only came quicker than expected, but also directly from the east along the outskirts of the [[Ered Lithui]]. The army of Gondor was strung out when the vanguard was struck by a powerful force of mixed cavalry and chariot-borne warriors. The King, Artamir, and most of the King's Guard were annihilated in the attack.<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
Artamir was the eldest son and heir of Ondoher, and with his death, the line of succession should move to close male relatives of the [[House of Anárion]]. However his younger brother Faramir was also slain (he secretly disguised himself to participate in the battle) as well as the King's sister-son, [[Minohtar]] and the throne of Gondor remained vacant.

His sister Fíriel was married to [[Arvedui]], son and heir of the northern King of [[Arthedain]], and partly based on his marriage, he asked to be granted the throne. However, the Steward [[Pelendur]] and the [[Council of Gondor]] selected general [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], who had crushed the enemies in the [[Battle of the Camp]] and saved the realm, to be the next king.<ref name="Gondor" />

==Etymology==
''Artamir'' is [[Quenya]]. Its meaning is not glossed, but as Paul Strack explains, it means "Noble Jewel" and is a compound of the prefixal form [[arta]] of ''arata'' ("noble") and [[mir|mírë]] ("jewel").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-856718477.html|articlename=Q. ''Artamir'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=28 July 2021}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | TEL | | | | | | | | |TEL=[[Telumehtar Umbardacil]] ''{{TA|1632|n}} - {{TA|1850|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | NAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ARC |NAR=[[Narmacil II]] ''{{TA|1684|n}} - {{TA|1856|n}}''†|ARC=[[Arciryas]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | CAL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CAM |CAL=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] ''{{TA|1736|n}} - {{TA|1936|n}}''|CAM=[[Calimmacil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | OND | | | | | | ARN | | DAU | | SIR |OND=[[Ondoher]] ''{{TA|1787|n}} - {{TA|1944|n}}''†|ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of Arnor'']]|DAU=''daughter'' ''unknown''|SIR=[[Siriondil (son of Calimmacil)|Siriondil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |:| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ART | | FAR | | FIR |y| ARV | | MIN | | EAR |ART='''ARTAMIR''' ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|FAR=[[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|FIR=[[Fíriel]] ''b. {{TA|1896|n}}''|ARV=[[Arvedui]] ''{{TA|1864|n}} - {{TA|1975|n}}''†|MIN=[[Minohtar]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|EAR=[[Eärnil II]] ''{{TA|1883|n}} - {{TA|2043|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | | EAR |ARA=[[Aranarth]] ''{{TA|1938|n}} - {{TA|2106|n}}''|EAR=[[Eärnur]] ''{{TA|1928|n}} - {{TA|2050|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | COD | | | | | | | | | | |COD=[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|''Chieftains of the Dúnedain'']]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | | | | |ARA=[[Aragorn]] ''{{TA|2931|n}} - {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references|notes}}

[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Artamir]]
[[fi:Artamir]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/artamir]]

Faramir (son of Ondoher)

2025-04-27T04:53:14Z

Parmandil: Added info about birth relative to Artamir

__NOTOC__{{disambig-more|Faramir|[[Faramir (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Gondorians|Gondorian]]
| name=Faramir
| image=Liz Danforth - Faramir son of Ondoher.jpg
| caption="Faramir son of Ondoher" by [[Liz Danforth]]
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Before {{TA|1896}}<ref group="note">{{TA|1896}} is listed as the year of birth for [[Fíriel]], Artamir's youngest sibling, in {{PM|Elendil}}, p. 201. In {{UT|Cirion}} Faramir is noted to be three years younger than his brother Artamir.</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{TA|1944}}
| deathlocation=[[Disaster of the Morannon]]
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Ondoher]]
| siblings=[[Artamir]] and [[Fíriel]]
| spouse=
| children=None
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Faramir''' was the younger son of King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

==History==
When his father and elder brother [[Artamir]] rode to war with the [[Wainriders]], Faramir was supposed to stay in [[Minas Anor]] as [[regent of Gondor]], according to the custom, as the second in line to the throne.

Not content with that role, Faramir rode out in disguise amongst the [[Éothéod]]. However he was caught with a party of them as they retreated towards the [[Dead Marshes]]. The [[Leader of the Éothéod]] came to their rescue, but Faramir died in his arms. After he searched his body he found out that the dead soldier was the Prince of Gondor.

The Leader went to join [[Minohtar]] at the head of the [[North Road]] in [[Ithilien]]. Minohtar was preparing a message to be taken to the prince when he learned the news that the prince had been killed in battle.<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | TEL | | | | | | | | |TEL=[[Telumehtar Umbardacil]] ''{{TA|1632|n}} - {{TA|1850|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | NAR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ARC |NAR=[[Narmacil II]] ''{{TA|1684|n}} - {{TA|1856|n}}''†|ARC=[[Arciryas]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | CAL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CAM |CAL=[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] ''{{TA|1736|n}} - {{TA|1936|n}}''|CAM=[[Calimmacil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | OND | | | | | | ARN | | DAU | | SIR |OND=[[Ondoher]] ''{{TA|1787|n}} - {{TA|1944|n}}''†|ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of Arnor'']]|DAU=''daughter'' ''unknown''|SIR=[[Siriondil (son of Calimmacil)|Siriondil]] ''unknown''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |:| | | |!| | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | ART | | FAR | | FIR |y| ARV | | MIN | | EAR |ART=[[Artamir]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|FAR='''FARAMIR''' ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|FIR=[[Fíriel]] ''b. {{TA|1896|n}}''|ARV=[[Arvedui]] ''{{TA|1864|n}} - {{TA|1975|n}}''†|MIN=[[Minohtar]] ''d. {{TA|1944|n}}''†|EAR=[[Eärnil II]] ''{{TA|1883|n}} - {{TA|2043|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | | EAR |ARA=[[Aranarth]] ''{{TA|1938|n}} - {{TA|2106|n}}''|EAR=[[Eärnur]] ''{{TA|1928|n}} - {{TA|2050|n}}''†}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | COD | | | | | | | | | | |COD=[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|''Chieftains of the Dúnedain'']]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | | | | |ARA=[[Aragorn]] ''{{TA|2931|n}} - {{FoA|120}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Faramir (son of Ondoher).jpg|thumb|left|Faramir's shade in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]
'''2016: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
:Faramir was cursed by his father for failing him as a son and as an heir. His [[undead|shade]] still wanders the Wastes of [[Dagorlad]] near Ondoher's Folly, the hill on which his father was slain.

{{references|notes}}
{{title}}
[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]

[[de:Faramir (Sohn von Ondoher)]]
[[fi:Faramir (Ondoherin poika)]]
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/faramir_fils_d_ondoher]]

Silmarils

2025-03-30T18:20:25Z

Parmandil: Add reference to Mírenel

{{object infobox
| name=Silmarils
| image = LorenzoCB - Silmarils device.png
| caption=Clean redrawn of [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s [[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Silmarils heraldic device.jpg|heraldic device for the Silmarils]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Mírenel'' ([[Quenya|Q]]), Great Jewels, Three Jewels, Jewels of Fëanor
| location=[[Formenos]], [[Angband]], [[Tol Galen]], [[Doriath]], [[Mouths of Sirion]]
| owner=[[Fëanor]], [[Morgoth]], [[Thingol]], [[Beren]], [[Lúthien]], [[Dior]], [[Elwing]], [[Eärendil]], [[Eönwë]], [[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]]
| type=Three jewels
| appearance=Hard, bright crystals containing the light of the [[Two Trees of Valinor|Two Trees]]
| creator=[[Fëanor]]
| created=between {{YT|1449}} & {{YT|1450|n}}
| createdlocation=[[Tirion]]
| destroyer=
| destroyed=
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}
{{quote|...The thrice-enchanted globes of light that shine until the final night|''[[Lay of Leithian]]'', [[Lay of Leithian Canto VI|Canto VI]], vv.1642-1643}}
The '''Silmarils''' ([[Quenya]] '''''Silmarilli''''')<ref name="elements" /><ref>{{App|Numenor}}</ref> were three gems of immense beauty, created by [[Fëanor]] in [[Aman]] during the [[Years of the Trees]] of the [[First Age]]. Their theft by [[Morgoth]] was the trigger for the following [[War of the Jewels]] narrated in the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'' ("''The History of the Silmarils''").

==Description==
The shells of the gems were crafted of the hard crystalline substance ''[[silima]]'', which [[Fëanor]] had devised, and they were named after it. In their hearts burned some of the [[Light of Valinor]] from the [[Two Trees of Valinor|Two Trees]]. Their exact nature and the manner of their making were known only to Fëanor, and none other succeeded in making gems of comparable greatness and beauty. Varda hallowed the Silmarils so that no mortal or evil hands could touch them without being burned and withered.<ref name="unrest">{{S|7}}</ref>

But the Silmarils were tainted by arrogance and lust by anyone who desired them, starting with Morgoth, then Fëanor. As the [[Oath of Fëanor]] proclaimed, it resulted in evil ends, such as the [[Fall of the Noldor]], the [[Doom of Mandos]], [[Kinslaying (disambiguation)|Kinslayings]] and the destruction of [[Doriath]].

==History==
The Silmarils were created by [[Fëanor]] in [[Valinor]] after the un[[chaining of Melkor]]. According to a legend, Fëanor conceived the idea of capturing the light of the trees from the [[hair of Galadriel]], which shone with gold and silver.<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, p. 230</ref> Fëanor gave his heart to their making and could not duplicate them.

Fëanor wore the jewels at festivals and the [[Eldar]] admired them. Melkor coveted their light and soon, corrupted by his lies, Fëanor started to lock them away, and became greedy for them. After Fëanor was exiled to [[Formenos]], the Silmarils were stored in a chamber of iron.<ref name="unrest" />

Together with [[Ungoliant]], [[Morgoth|Melkor]] destroyed the Two Trees. The Silmarils now contained all that remained of the light of the Trees. The [[Valar]] entreated Fëanor to give up the Silmarils so they could restore the Trees, but he refused.

===Theft by Morgoth===
[[File:Felix Sotomayor - Throne of Morgoth.jpg|thumb|left|''Throne of Morgoth'' by [[Felix Sotomayor]]]]
Then news arrived that Melkor had killed Fëanor's father [[Finwë]], the [[King of the Noldor]], and stolen all the gems. He and Ungoliant fled to the northlands of [[Middle-earth]], where his ancient [[Utumno|fortresses]] were, but they quarrelled as the spider had devoured all the gems, and wanted also the Silmarils, something that Melkor, now named ''[[Morgoth]]'' by Fëanor, would not allow, even though their holy light burnt his hands and ceaselessly tormented him. The Silmarils were set on his [[Iron Crown]].

Fëanor was furious at Morgoth and at the Valar, who he believed desired to take the gems for their own purposes. Then he and his [[Sons of Fëanor|Sons]] swore a terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|Oath]]: that they would not rest until the Silmarils were recovered, slaying anyone who stood in their way. Fëanor led the Noldor back to Middle-earth and a centenary war began against Morgoth in [[Beleriand]], called the [[War of the Jewels]]. But their battles led to no end of grief for the Elves and eventually for the [[Men]] of Middle-earth.

The [[Sindar]]in King [[Thingol]] learned of the Silmarils from the Noldor. Wishing to dispose of [[Beren]], he gave him the apparently impossible task to [[Quest for the Silmaril|fetch one]] for the hand of his daughter, [[Lúthien]]. Impelled by his love for her, Beren reached [[Angband]] through great peril and loss and, with the aid of Lúthien, recovered one from Morgoth's crown, only for the gem to be swallowed by the [[Werewolves|werewolf]] [[Carcharoth]]. The hallowed light tormented the evil Carcharoth, until he was [[Hunting of the Wolf|slain]] in [[Forest of Neldoreth|Neldoreth]]. The Silmaril thus was delivered to Thingol, fulfilling Beren's Quest.<ref>{{S|Beren}}</ref>

[[File:Jef Murray - Earendil.jpg|thumb|right|''Earendil'' by [[Jef Murray]]]]
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Maedhros Casts Himself into a Chasm.jpg|thumb|''Maedhros Casts Himself into a Chasm'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Maglor Casts a Silmaril into the Sea.jpg|thumb|''Maglor Casts a Silmaril into the Sea'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
Instead of giving it to the [[Sons of Fëanor]], Thingol had the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] store the gem inside the dwarven pendant [[Nauglamír]]. However, the dwarves also coveted the jewel and killed Thingol. Doriath was [[battle in the Thousand Caves|ruined]] by the Dwarves. The Nauglamír was recovered from the dwarves by Beren at the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]], and he gave it to Lúthien, who wore it until her second death, becoming the fairest vision east of the Sea. It was said that their second death came early, because their combined beauty was too bright for mortal lands.

===Doom of the Noldor===
After Lúthien's death, a Lord of the [[Laiquendi]] brought the Nauglamír back to [[Doriath]], and her son [[Dior]] wore it. News of the Silmaril came to the sons of Fëanor, who, stirred by their Oath, came to Doriath and resolved to [[Second Kinslaying|battle]], during which three of the brothers were killed, and [[Menegroth]] was ruined. However, the Nauglamír was rescued by [[Elwing]] and Sindarin survivors who fled to the [[Havens of Sirion]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>

Years passed and the Silmaril came to the hands of Elwing's husband, [[Eärendil]], the lord of the Havens of Sirion. His people considered the Silmaril to be a blessing for their houses and ships. But the remaining sons of Fëanor still pursued the Silmaril, and when they learned where Elwing had escaped to, they sent word demanding the jewel while Eärendil was away on one of his voyages. But the people of Sirion refused to surrender the Silmaril, considering it a rightful prize of Beren and Lúthien. Therefore the sons of Fëanor resolved to make [[Third Kinslaying|another assault]], but Elwing escaped with the Silmaril once again, casting herself into the sea and reaching Eärendil with the help of [[Ulmo]]. The light of the Silmaril guided Eärendil through the [[Shadowy Seas]] and he found his way to Valinor. The Valar then set this Silmaril as a [[Star of Eärendil|star]] in the sky, bound on Eärendil's brow as he sailed through the sky in his [[Vingilot|hallowed ship]].<ref name="war">{{S|Earendil}}</ref>

The other two Silmarils had remained in Morgoth's hands, until they were taken from him at the end of the [[War of Wrath]] and given to [[Eönwë]] for safekeeping. However, soon afterwards, they were stolen by Fëanor's two surviving sons, [[Maedhros]] and [[Maglor]]. Because of the crimes they had committed in order to reclaim the jewels, they were now unworthy of them, and the Silmarils burned their hands in refusal of their rights of possession. In agony, Maedhros threw himself and his Silmaril into a fiery pit, and Maglor threw his into the sea.<ref name="war" />

Thus the Silmarils remain in all three elements of Arda - in the sky, soil and water - fulfilling the prophecy made by [[Mandos]] shortly after the making of the gems.<ref name="unrest" />

It is said that Fëanor will return for the [[Dagor Dagorath]]. Following Melkor's final return and ultimate defeat, the World [[Arda Healed|will be changed]] and the Silmarils recovered. Fëanor will break his jewels and with their fire [[Yavanna]] will revive the [[Two Trees of Valinor|Two Trees]]. The [[Pelóri|Pelóri Mountains]] will be flattened and the light of the Two Trees will fill Arda again in a new age of Eternal Bliss.<ref>{{WJ|Last}}, p. 247</ref>

==Etymology==
The word is said to contain ''[[silima]]'', the substance they were made from, as well as an element from brightness, ''ril''.<ref name="elements">{{S|Elements}}, entry ''sil-''</ref>

They mean "radiance of pure light".<ref>{{L|148}}, p. 148</ref> It might contain the ending ''rillë'' ("brilliance").<ref>{{VT|46a}}, p. 11</ref>

The proper [[Quenya]] plural form is ''Silmarilli'', "Silmarils" being an Anglicised name.

==Other names==
In linguistic notes from late 1969 Tolkien said the Silmarils were sometimes called the '''''Mírenel,''''' or 'jewel triad' (meaning literally 'three gems')''.''<ref>{{PE|23}}, pp. 142</ref>

Another early Quenya name for a Silmaril was '''''Ilumírë'''''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "IL"</ref>

In ''[[The Etymologies]]'' appears the [[Noldorin]] name '''''Silevril''''' as the cognate for [[Quenya]] ''Silmaril''.<ref name="Ety">{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries "[[RIL]]", "[[SIL]]"</ref> [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] appears to have retained the Noldorin form in [[Sindarin]], since the name ''Pennas Silevril'' (apparently the Sindarin translation of Quenya ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'')<ref>[[Helge Fauskanger]], [http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/sindarin.htm Sindarin, the Noble Tongue: Sindarin Plural Patterns] at [[Ardalambion]] (accessed 10 July 2011)</ref> is used in later manuscripts.<ref>{{MR|P3II1}}, p. 200</ref>

Other Noldorin names from ''The Etymologies'' are ''Golodhvir'' meaning "Noldo-jewel(s)" (cf. ''[[Golodh]]'' meaning "Noldo") and ''Mirion'' pl. ''Miruin'' meaning "Great jewel/s".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entry "[[MIR]]"</ref>

In [[Aelfwine]]'s [[Old English]] translations, the name ''Silmaril'' is rendered phonetically as ''Sigelmaerels''. As noted by [[Christopher Tolkien]] it is composed of OE ''sigel'' ("sun, jewel") ''maerels'' ("rope"), actually referring to the Nauglamir.<ref>{{SM|QA1}}, p. 209</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===The Book of Lost Tales===
The Silmarils appear since the earliest version of the [[legendarium]] in ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''. Although they do not have the same importance as in later versions, their making is described there in more detail:

{{blockquote|Then arose Fëanor of the [[Noldoli]] and fared to the [[Solosimpi]] and begged a great pearl, and he got moreover an urn full of the most luminous phosphor-light gathered of foam in dark places, and with these he came home, and he took all the other gems and did gather their glint by the light of white lamps and silver candles, and he took the sheen of pearls and the faint half-colours of opals, and he [?bathed] them in phosphorescence and the radiant dew of [[Silpion]], and but a single tiny drop of the light of [[Laurelin]] did he let fall therein, and giving all those magic lights a body to dwell in of such perfect glass as he alone could make nor even Aulë compass, so great was the slender dexterity of the fingers of Fëanor, he made a jewel — and it shone of its own [?wizardous] radiance in the uttermost dark; and he set it therein and sat a very long while and gazed at its beauty.}}

Fëanor made two more jewels, and called them '''''Silmarilli''''', or '''''Silubrilthin''''' in the [[Gnomish|language of the Noldoli]]. Of all the many jewels made by the Noldoli, and of all the pearls of the Solosimpi, the jewels of Fëanor were held as the most beautiful.<ref>{{LT1|V}}, p. 128</ref> Their relation with pearls can be seen in their etymology: [[Qenya]] ''Silmaril'' came from ''Sil'' ("[[Moon]]") + ''[[marilla]]'' ("pearl"); while [[Gnomish]] ''Silubrilt'' came from ''Sil'' + ''[[brithla]]'' ("pearl").<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, entries "Sil", "Silmarilli"</ref>

After the Noldoli were banished from [[Kôr]] to [[Sirnúmen]], the Silmarils were put in an ivory casket, and guarded among the many jewels. Later [[Melko]] stole all the treasures of the Noldoli, including the Silmarils.<ref><nowiki>{{LT1|VI, pp. 114-145</nowiki></ref>

==See also==
*[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
*[[Nauglamír]]
{{references}}
[[Category:Heirlooms]]
[[Category:Rings and jewels]]
[[de:Silmaril]]
[[fr:encyclo/artefacts/bijoux/silmarils]]
[[fi:Silmarilit]]

Eärendil

2025-02-20T00:09:51Z

Parmandil: IPA fix

{{disambig-more|Eärendil|[[Eärendil (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| image=Jenny Dolfen - Earendil the Mariner.jpg
| people=[[Half-elven|Half-elf]]
| caption="Earendil the Mariner" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]
| name=Eärendil
| pronun=[[Quenya|Q]], {{IPA|[ˌɛ.aˈrɛn.dil]}}
| othernames=''Gaerdil'' ([[Sindarin|S]]) ''Ardamírë'' ([[Quenya|Q]] [[Amilessë|mn]]) ''[[Azrubêl]]'' ([[Adûnaic|A]]) The Mariner, The Blessed, Bright, Halfelven
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Gondolin]], [[Havens of Sirion]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Taliska]]<ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref>
| birth={{FA|503}}
| birthlocation=[[Gondolin]]
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Hador]]<ref group=note>Though Eärendil belonged to the House of Hador, he descended from [[House of Bëor|all]] [[House of Haleth|three]] [[House of Hador|Houses]] of the [[Edain]] as well as the [[Elves|Elven]] Houses of [[House of Fingolfin|Fingolfin]] and [[Elwë]] (Thingol).</ref><ref>{{NM|P3xi}}, ''Author's notes'', Note 1, p. 323</ref>
| heritage=[[Men|Man]] father, [[Elves|Elf]] mother
| parentage=[[Tuor]] and [[Idril]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Elwing]]
| children=[[Elros]] & [[Elrond]] (twins)
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=Golden
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=Bow of dragon-horn, arrows of ebony, sword of steel in a scabbard of chalcedony<ref name="Song">{{FR|Earendil}}, p. 234</ref>
| steed=[[Vingilótë]] (ship)
}}
<center>{{quote|Eärendil was a mariner that tarried in [[Arvernien]] he built a [[Vingilótë|boat]] of timber felled in [[Nimbrethil]] to journey in...|''[[Eärendillinwë]]'' by [[Bilbo Baggins]]}}</center>
'''Eärendil the Mariner''' was one of the [[Half-elven]], and an important figure in the legends of the [[Elder Days]]. Descended from all [[Edain#The Three Houses|Three Houses]] of the [[Edain]], he was the first known person to reach [[Aman]] in the [[First Age]] after the [[Noldor]] went into [[Exile of the Noldor|exile]]. He was crucial in the [[War of Wrath]] and the patriarch of the line of the [[Kings of Númenor]] through his son [[Elros]].

==History==
[[File:Šárka Škorpíková - Travelling South.jpg|thumb|left|''Travelling South'' by [[:Category:Images by Šárka Škorpíková|Šárka Škorpíková]]]]
The son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], daughter of King [[Turgon]], Eärendil was raised as a child in [[Gondolin]]. Eärendil was seven years old when [[Fall of Gondolin|Gondolin fell]], and narrowly escaped death at the hands of his kinsman [[Maeglin]] during the battle. He was borne out on the shoulders of Idril's house-carle [[Hendor]]. As they rested in [[Nan-tathren]], the waters of [[Ulmo]] awoke the [[sea-longing]] in both father and son.<ref>{{S|Tuor}}</ref>

He lived afterwards in [[Arvernien]] by the [[Havens of Sirion]]. Eärendil later became the leader of the people who lived there, and married [[Elwing]], daughter of [[Dior]], the son of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]]. They had two sons, [[Elrond]] and [[Elros]].

With the aid of [[Círdan]] the Shipwright, Eärendil built a ship, ''[[Vingilótë]]'' (or ''Vingilot''), and sailed around the seas west of Middle-earth for two purposes: to seek after Tuor and Idril who did not return, and to perhaps find Aman and so bring the message of Elves and Men to the Valar in the West before he died - resulting him leaving his wife behind in Arvernien. At this time Elwing had in her possession the [[Silmaril]] that Beren had wrested from [[Morgoth]]. News of this came to the remaining sons of [[Fëanor]], and they attacked the people living in Arvernien, killing most of them. But Elwing, rather than be captured, threw herself and the Silmaril into the sea. The Silmaril was not lost, however:
[[File:Steamey - Eärendil and Elwing.jpg|thumb|left|''Eärendil and Elwing'' by [[:Category:Images by Steamey|Steamey]]]]
{{blockquote|For [[Ulmo]] bore up Elwing out of the waves, and he gave her the likeness of a great white bird, and upon her breast there shone as a star the Silmaril, as she flew over the water to seek Eärendil her beloved. On a time of night Eärendil at the helm of his ship saw her come towards him, as a white cloud exceeding swift beneath the moon, as a star over the sea moving in strange courses, a pale flame on wings of storm. And it is sung that she fell from the air upon the timbers of Vingilot, in a swoon, nigh unto death for the urgency of her speed, and Eärendil took her to his bosom; but in the morning with marveling eyes he beheld his wife in her own form beside him with her hair upon his face, and she slept.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Voyage of Eärendil and the War of Wrath]]"}}

Hearing of the tragedy that had befallen in Arvernien, Eärendil then sought after [[Valinor]], and he and Elwing found their way there at last. Eärendil thus became the first of all mortals to set foot in Valinor. Eärendil then went before the [[Valar]], and asked them to aid the Men and Elves in Middle-earth and fight against Morgoth; and the Valar accepted his plea.

Because Eärendil had undertaken this errand on behalf of Men and Elves, and not for his own sake, [[Manwë]] forbore to deal out the punishment of death that was due. Because both Eärendil and Elwing were descended from a union of Elves and Men, Manwë granted to them and their sons the gift to choose to which race they would be joined (a gift that was further passed to the children of Elrond, who became known as the [[Half-elven]]). Elwing chose to be one of the Elves. Eärendil would have rather been one of the Men; however, for the sake of his wife, he chose to be one of the Elves.

{{blockquote|But when all was spoken, Manwë gave judgement, and he said: 'In this matter the power of doom is given to me. The peril that he ventured for love of the Two Kindreds shall not fall upon Eärendil, nor shall it fall upon Elwing his wife, who entered into peril for love of him; but they shall not walk again ever among Elves or Men in the Outer Lands. And this is my decree concerning them: to Eärendil and to Elwing, and to their sons, shall be given leave each to choose freely to which kindred their fates shall be joined, and under which kindred they shall be judged.'|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Voyage of Eärendil and the War of Wrath]]"}}

[[File:Ted Nasmith - Eärendil and the Battle of Eagles and Dragons.jpg|thumb|''Eärendil and the Battle of Eagles and Dragons'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
The Valar, having listened to Eärendil's plea, went with a mighty host to Middle-earth and overthrew Morgoth, binding him with a chain forged by the smith [[Aulë]]. Eärendil took part in the battle. His ship Vingilótë was blessed by the Valar, filled with a shining white flame, and sent to the skies. He sailed at its helm with the Silmaril bound upon his brow. Alongside [[Thorondor]] and the [[Eagles]], he slew the great dragon [[Ancalagon]] the Black and cast his body down onto [[Thangorodrim]], the event which, along with the sheer devastation caused by the [[War of Wrath]], led to the Ruin of [[Beleriand]].

==Legacy==
{{seealso|Star of Eärendil}}
[[File:Matěj Čadil - The Star of Earendil.jpg|thumb|left|''The Star of Earendil'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
Eärendil lived in Valinor, and the gleaming of the Silmaril upon his brow could still be seen in the skies of the distant West as the bright Evening Star.<ref name="S24">{{S|24}}</ref> Those who remained in Middle-earth called it '''Gil-Estel''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] "Star of High Hope").

In the [[Second Age]], the descendants of the [[Edain]] followed the [[Star of Eärendil]] to reach [[Elenna]]. When [[Númenor]] fell under the [[Shadow]], [[Tar-Atanamir]] mentioned Eärendil's fate to argue about [[immortality]] to the Messengers of the [[Valar]]. The Messengers responded that his was a fate apart as a Half-elven, and he was bound to the sky, unable to return, whereas the [[Númenóreans]] demanded the liberties of both Elves and Men.<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>

[[Bilbo Baggins]] wrote the ''[[Eärendillinwë]]''<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref> and the legend of Eärendil also inspired the poem ''[[Errantry]]''.<ref>{{AB|Preface}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Earendil.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Eärendil'' was his given [[father-name]]. ''Eärendil'' is a [[Quenya]] name, meaning "Devoted to the Sea", literally "Sea lover".<ref>{{L|211}}, answer to Question 4</ref><ref>{{L|131|18}}</ref> It is a compound of ''[[eär]]'' and ''[[-ndil]]''.<ref>{{L|297}}</ref><ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''eär'', ''(n)dil''</ref>

Tolkien used the original [[Old English]] name '''''Eärendel''''' for his early [[Legendarium]], which he envisioned as Elvish, derived form the [[Qenya]] words ''ea'' ("eagle") and ''earen'' ("eyre"); the exact meaning of the name remained unclear.<ref>{{LT1|Appendix}}, p. 251, entry "Eärendel"</ref>

==Other names==
The [[Sindarin]] cognate for ''Eärendil'' was '''''Gaerdil''''', with variations like ''Gaerdilion'' and ''Gaerennil''.<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, pp. 19, 27</ref> There are also experimental [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] forms, such as ''Aerendil'' and ''Aerennel'',<ref>{{PM|XI}}: Note 52</ref> as well as a direct translation: ''Seron Aearon''.<ref name="Name" />

His [[mother-name]] was '''''Ardamírë''''', a prophetic name, as it means "Jewel of the World", from ''[[arda]]'' ("world") + ''[[mírë]]'' ("jewel"). Its [[Sindarin]] version was '''''Mír n'Ardhon'''''.<ref name="Name">{{PM|XI}}: ''The names of Finwë's descendants'', p. 348</ref>

''Eärendil'' was translated as '''''[[Azrubêl]]''''' in [[Adûnaic]], from ''azar'' ("sea") and the stem ''bel-''.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}, p. 373</ref>

Eärendil was known by many epithets: Half-elven,<ref>{{S|23}}</ref> [[the Blessed]],<ref>{{S|17}}</ref> Bright,<ref name="S24" /><ref name="Akallabeth" /> and the Mariner.<ref name="S24" /><ref>{{S|V}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MAR | | HAL | | BEO | | NOL |V| VAN | | | |MAR=[[Marach]] ''[[House of Hador]]''|HAL=[[Haldad]] ''[[House of Haleth]]''|BEO=[[Bëor]] ''[[House of Bëor]]''|NOL=[[Fingolfin]] ''[[Noldor]]''|VAN=[[Anairë]] ''[[Noldor]]''}}
{{familytree| |L|~|V|~|J| | | |:| | | | | |:| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | HUO |~|y|~| RIA | | | | TUR |y| ELE | |HUO=[[Huor]] ''{{FA|444}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|RIA=[[Rían]] ''{{FA|450}} - {{FA|472|n}}''|TUR=[[Turgon]] ''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|510}}''|ELE=[[Elenwë]] ''d. {{YT|1500}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | TUO |~|~|~|y|~|~|~|~| IDR | | | |TUO=[[Tuor]] ''b. {{FA|472}}''|IDR=[[Idril]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | EAR |y| ELW | | | | | |ELW=[[Elwing]] ''b. {{FA|503}}''|EAR='''EÄRENDIL''' ''b. {{FA|503}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | ROS | | RON | | | | | |ROS=[[Elros]] ''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''|RON=[[Elrond]] ''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | KON | | |!| | | | | | |KON=''[[Kings of Númenor]]''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | LOA | | |!| | | | | | |LOA=''[[Lords of Andúnië]]''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | KOM | | |!| | | | | | |KOM=''[[Kings of Arnor]] & [[Kings of Gondor]]''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | COD | | |!| | | | | | |COD=''[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | ARA |~| ARW | | | | | |ARA=[[Aragorn]] ''{{TA|2931}} - {{FoA|120}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]] ''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
===Early poems===
Before conceiving any story for his [[legendarium|mythology]], [[Tolkien]] wrote some poems that dealt with Eärendel. The earliest was ''[[Éalá Éarendel Engla Beorhtast]]'', which would set the foundations for ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]'' as Tolkien "tried to find out" what it was about.<ref>{{B|III}}, p. 71</ref> The other poems were ''[[The Bidding of the Minstrel]]'', ''[[The Shores of Faëry]]'' and ''[[The Happy Mariners]]'', all written between [[1914]]-[[1915]].<ref name="Earendel">{{LT2|V}}</ref>{{rp|267–273}} The four poems tell in a lyric way about the coming of Eärendel to Valinor, the rising of his boat as the morning star and his everlasting travel in the edge of the world.

''The Bidding of the Minstrel'' is associated with a noted page, which outlines the travels of Eärendel to the North, visiting Island, Iceland, magic lands and seeing [[Kôr]] from afar; then he goes South, travelling through the Mediterranean or Atlantic sea, full of strange creatures. Then he travels to the western lip of the world and sails upon the sky, never coming back. ''The Shores of Faëry'' has a short preface in prose, which, as in the former text, conceives Eärendel as an old man when travelling to the firmament.<ref name="Earendel" />{{rp|261–262}}

===The Book of Lost Tales===
[[File:Mysilvergreen - Ecthelion and Earendil.jpg|thumb|''Ecthelion and Earendil'' by [[:Category:Images by Mysilvergreen|Mysilvergreen]]]]
In the earliest narrative of the legendarium in ''The Book of Lost Tales'', the birth of Eärendel is first prophesied of by [[Ulmo]] to [[Tuor]]: "''...and of a surety a child shall come of thee than whom no man shall know more of the uttermost deeps, be it of the sea or of the firmament of heaven.''"<ref name="Gondolin">{{LT2|III}}</ref>{{rp|155}} Years later, the wishes of the [[Valar]] were fulfilled when Eärendel was born from Tuor and [[Idril]] in [[Gondolin]]:

{{blockquote|Now this babe was of greatest beauty; his skin of a shining white and his eyes of a blue surpassing that of the sky in southern lands — bluer than the sapphires of the raiment of [[Manwë]]; and the envy of [[Meglin]] was deep at his birth, but the joy of [[Turgon]] and all the people very great indeed.<ref name=Gondolin/>{{rp|165}}}}

Now Eärendel was still of tender years when the [[Fall of Gondolin]] began. The red lights of the enemy appeared in the walls of his room, which made him cry, as his nurse [[Meleth (nurse)|Meleth]] had told him dark stories about [[Melko]]. His mother Idril came and arrayed him with a tiny coat of mail, which cheered him up greatly.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|174}} When the battle had just begun at the northern part of the city, Meglin and his [[folk of the Mole]] came to the house of Tuor and seized Idril. Tuor and his [[folk of the Wing]] appeared there when Meglin was dragging Idril and Eärendel to the walls, as he wished to cast out the child while the mother saw it. Seeing that Tuor was coming, Meglin tried to stab Eärendel, but the child bit his hand and the coat turned the blade aside. After killing Meglin, Tuor gave Idril some of his men and left to battle.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|177–178}}

During the siege of Gondolin, Idril remained in the doors of her house, till she could wait no longer, so she sent most of her bodyguard down [[Idril's secret way|her secret tunnel]] with Eärendel, while she stayed there.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|187}} Later, when the [[Exiles of Gondolin]] came out of the city to the plain, Tuor saw a group of men being chased by [[wolf-riders]]: "''Lo! there is Eärendel my son; behold, his face shineth as a star in the waste...''". About Eärendel were some men of the Wing, and he was being carried by [[Hendor]], a house-carle. By the order of Tuor, they stopped running and were saved from the Orcs. The child was happy of seeing his father, who took him upon his shoulders. Later, when reunited with his mother, Eärendel refused to be carried by her, as she was clearly tired, and asked for [[Salgant]], who was a friend of them in Gondolin. But as when he asked for [[Ecthelion]] and Gondolin, his parents explained they were all fallen.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|190–191}} After a year of wanderings, the Exiles settled down in the [[Mouths of Sirion|mouth of Sirion]], and there Eärendel grew fair in the house of his father.<ref name="Gondolin" />{{rp|196–197}}

Tolkien never finished [[the Tale of Eärendel]], which is only given in dispersed outlines. It is practically impossible to summarise them in a coherent way.

===Later versions===
In the first sketch of the ''Silmarillion'' ([[1926]]) intended to "reboot" the legendarium, Eärendel slew Ungoliant.<ref>{{SM|2}}</ref>

''Earendel'' is also mentioned in [[The Notion Club Papers]], where Tolkien finally changed the name to ''Earendil'', and remained so.

==Inspiration==
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Eärendil heraldic device (II).jpg|right|thumb|100px|One of the three heraldic devices [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] designed for Eärendil]]
While ''Eärendil'' is a [[Quenya]] name inside the [[legendarium]], Tolkien created the name based on [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] ''éarendel''. He says that he was struck by the "great beauty" of the name as early as 1913, which he perceived as "entirely coherent with the normal style of A-S, but euphonic to a peculiar degree in that pleasing but not 'delectable' language."<ref>{{L|297}}, p. 385</ref>

Tolkien was also aware of the name's Germanic cognates (Old Norse ''[[:Wikipedia:Aurvandill|Aurvandill]]'', Lombardic ''Auriwandalo''), and the question why the Anglo-Saxon one rather than the Lombardic or Proto-Germanic form should be taken up in the mythology is alluded to in ''[[The Notion Club Papers]]''.<ref>{{SD|Notion}}</ref> The [[Old Norse]] together with the Anglo-Saxon evidence point to an astronomical myth, the name referring to a star, or a group of stars, and the Anglo-Saxon in particular points to the Morning Star as the herald of the rising Sun (in ''Crist'' christianized to refer to John the Baptist).

Tolkien was particularly inspired by the lines in ''[[Wikipedia:Christ I|Christ]]'', which became the title of [[Éalá Éarendel Engla Beorhtast|his first poem about Eärendel]]:

{{blockquote|éala éarendel engla beorhtast / ofer middangeard monnum sended 
"Hail Earendel, brightest of angels / sent over Middle-earth to men."}}

This first line is paralleled by [[Eönwë]] when Eärendil reaches Aman: "''Hail Eärendil, of mariners most renowned, [...] Hail Eärendil, bearer of light before the Sun and Moon!''".<ref name="S24" /> It also inpires [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]]'s exclamation in [[Shelob's Lair]], "''[[Aiya Eärendil elenion ancalima!]]''",<ref>{{TT|IV9}}</ref> which translates as "Hail Eärendil, brightest of stars!". Frodo's exclamation was in reference to the "[[Phial of Galadriel|Star-glass]]" he carried, which contained the light of [[Star of Eärendil|Eärendil's star]], the [[Silmaril]] he wore upon his brow.

==Portrayal in adaptations==
[[File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Central wharf of Armenelos.jpg|thumb|The statue of Eärendil upon the central wharf of [[Armenelos]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.]]

'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''September 8: ''[[Adar (episode)|Adar]]'':'''
::The central wharf within the [[Armenelos|capital city]] of [[Númenor]] is towered over by a statue of '''Eärendil the Mariner''', the [[half-elven]] saviour of [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Elder Days|War of Wrath]] and the father of [[Elros|the first king]] of Númenor.

{{references}}
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[Category:Half-elven]]
[[Category:House of Fingolfin]]
[[Category:House of Hador]]
[[Category:Mariners]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Earendil}}
[[de:Earendil der Seefahrer]]
[[fi:Eärendil]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:semi-elfes:earendil]]

Míriel

2025-02-08T02:01:13Z

Parmandil: Improved clarity

{{short description|First Wife of Finwë}}
{{disambig-more|Míriel|[[Míriel (disambiguation)]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Noldor|Noldo]]
| name=Míriel
| image=MySilverGreen - Miriel.jpg
| caption="Míriel" by [[:Category:Images by Mysilvergreen|Mysilvergreen]]
| pronun=[[Exilic Quenya|EQ]], {{IPA|[ˈmiːri.el seˈrinde]}}
| othernames=''Þerindë'' ([[Quenya|Q]])
| titles=Queen of the Noldor
| position=
| location=[[Tirion]], House of Vairë
| affiliation=
| language=[[Common Eldarin]] and [[Quenya]]
| birth=
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{YT|1170}}
| deathlocation=[[Lórien (Valinor)|Gardens of Lórien]] (Returned to life after {{YT|1495}})
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Finwë]]
| children=[[Fëanor]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Silver<ref name="HairEye">{{MR|P3I6}}, p. 185</ref> or dark<ref>{{NM|P2iv}}, p. 186: "''Finwë (and Míriel) had long dark hair, so had Fëanor and all the Noldor.''"</ref>
| eyes=Dark<ref name="HairEye"/>
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|Míriel was the name of his mother, who was called Serindë, because of her surpassing skill in weaving and needlework; for her hands were more skilled to fineness than any hands even among the Noldor.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of Fëanor and the Unchaining of Melkor]]"}}

'''Míriel Þerindë''', also spelled '''Serindë''', was the first wife of [[Finwë]], [[King of the Noldor]]. Her son was [[Curufinwë]], whom she called [[Fëanor|Fëanáro]], which means "Spirit of Fire". Miriel's hair was described as being silver in appearance, an unusual colour for one of the [[Noldor]].

==History==
Míriel was born in [[Cuiviénen]] and it is said that already there she was the lover of [[Finwë]] of the [[Tatyar]], and was devoted to crafts. Finwë was one of the three ambassadors, who on behalf of the Tatyar went to the Blessed Realm and invite the other [[Elves]] there. One wish for him to relocate the Elves to Valinor was the ability for Míriel to learn new skills.<ref>{{NM|P1xiii}}, pp. 99-102</ref>

After the [[Great Journey]] from Cuiviénen to Aman, Míriel lived in the blessed realm, in the hill city of [[Tirion]] on [[Túna]], together with her husband [[Finwë]], King of the [[Noldor]]. Her hands were skilled in the shaping of fine things, and she was unsurpassed in weaving and needlework.
[[File:Francesco Amadio - Miriel and Feanaro.jpg|thumb|left|''Míriel and Feanáro'' by [[:Category:Images by Francesco Amadio|Francesco Amadio]]]]
There was much love between Míriel and Finwë, and even more for her son, but after giving birth to [[Fëanor]] in {{YT|1169}},<ref name="Fourth">{{MR|P3II2}}, p. 205</ref> her body and spirit were consumed and she wished to be released from life everlasting, saying that there was no strength left in her to bear another child. Despite Finwë's grief, and her unhappiness at abandoning her young child, Míriel departed for the gardens of [[Lórien (Valinor)|Lórien]], to rest and regain her strength and vigour. But during her rest, the [[Fëa and hröa|fëa]] departed from her body, and entered the [[Halls of Mandos]] leaving her body lying lifeless and still in {{YT|1170}}.<ref name="Fourth" /> Maidens of [[Estë]] took care of her body while her spirit remained in the Halls of Mandos, so that it would not wither. In essence, she had died of free will. This was seen as a shocking event by the [[Valar]] and [[Eldar]] which had never before occurred.<ref name="Feanor">{{S|Feanor}}</ref>

But Finwë was in grief, and felt ashamed being the only Elf in Aman without a wife. [[Manwë]] summoned the Valar in Council, and the result was the '[[Statute of Finwë and Míriel]]', which only allowed re-marriage if the dead spouse refused to be re-embodied. [[Vairë]] told Míriel of this and of the sorrow of Finwë, but Míriel refused to come back to life. In words of the Valië: "''[The spirit of Míriel] is small, but it is strong and obdurate: one of those who having said ''this will I do'' make their words a law irrevocable unto themselves''". However, [[Mandos]] summoned the spirit of Míriel and warned her that she could not change her will with the time, living in grievance till the end of Arda. But Míriel remained silent and Mandos accepted her choice.<ref>{{MR|P3II4}}, pp. 258-260</ref>

Years later, Finwë knew this doom, being allowed to marry again, having many other children with [[Indis]]. Fëanor was resentful of her, and observed her influence on Finwë, including his speech which started to resemble [[Vanyarin|that of the Vanyar]] and considered it a disrespect against his mother.<ref name="Shibboleth" />{{rp|336}}

After the deaths of Finwë and Fëanor, the former couple were reunited in the Halls of Mandos. Meeting Finwë again, Míriel felt lightened from her sadness and released of her reluctant will. She spoke to him [[Ósanwe|through thought]], apologizing of her errors and promising to weave a tapestry about his people and children. Seeing that Míriel wished to come back to life, Finwë asked Vairë to allow it, while he would remain in the Halls of Mandos till the end of Arda with his son Fëanor. Mandos accepted this, and Míriel's spirit was released and went to her body in Lórien. Then she awoke again like from a dream, and was refreshed.

However, she was still sad and did not wish to come back with her people, so she went to the House of Vairë, being the only living creature to live there. She became the handmaid of Vairë, and fulfilled her promise, weaving historical webs telling the deeds of the Noldor.<ref name="Reborn">{{MR|P3II3d}}, pp. 248-250</ref>

==Etymology==
''Míriel'' is [[Quenya]], but it is not glossed. As Paul Strack explains, it can mean "Jewel-daughter", being a combination of ''[[mír]]'' ("jewel") + ''[[-iel]]'' ("daughter").<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2932147137.html|articlename=Q. ''Míriel (Míriell-)'' f.|website=Eldamo|accessed=30 October 2021}}</ref>

==Other names==
Her [[mother-name]] '''''Þerindë''''' (also pronounced ''Serindë''), means "the Broideress", referring to her great skill in embroidery for 'her chief talent was a marvelous dexterity of hand', which she applied to her skill of embroidery, 'achieving in what even the Eldar thought haste' embroidery that 'was finer and more intricate than any that had before been seen'.<ref name="Shibboleth">{{PM|Case}}</ref>{{rp|333}} It is to be noted that she preferred and requested her kin use the older pronunciation of ''Þerindë'', and that her son upheld the use of ''Þ'' over ''s'' out of respect and in her memory.<ref name="Shibboleth" />{{rp|336}}

After coming back to life, she was renamed '''''Fíriel''''' ("She that died" or "She that sighed"). Till her death, Elves had no words for natural death, so they used the term ''fírë'' ("expire") because Míriel had sighed a deep breath in the moment of death. The term was associated with death, being used for the [[Gift of Men|death of Men]].<ref name="Reborn" />

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]] ''b. {{YT}}''| MIR='''MÍRIEL''' ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=[[Nerdanel]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FEA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]] ''d. {{FA|587}}''|MAG=[[Maglor]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celegorm]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CAR=[[Caranthir]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|CUR=[[Curufin]] ''d. {{FA|506}}''|AMD=[[Amrod]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''|AMR=[[Amras]] ''d. {{FA|538}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]] ''d. {{SA|1697}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In the beginning of ''[[The Shibboleth of Fëanor]]'', Fëanor is an adult, and Míriel is still alive. There the similarities between mother and son, such as their stubbornness, are revealed. Fëanor's reaction to his mother's death is also presented, as he guarded her [[hröa]], which was placed in a garden, for some time after her passing.<ref name="Shibboleth" /> In the published ''[[The Silmarillion|Silmarillion]]'', Míriel died soon after his birth.<ref name="Feanor" />

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Miriel Þerinde}}
[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Tatyar]]

[[de:Míriel Þerinde]]
[[fi:Míriel]]

Aegnor

2025-01-07T02:24:54Z

Parmandil: Spelling fix on Goenor

{{disambig-two|the [[Noldor|Noldo]] of the [[First Age]]|film character also called "Aegnor"|[[Figwit]]}}
{{infobox character
| people=[[Noldor|Noldo]]
| name=Aegnor
| image=Elena Kukanova - Aegnor 2.jpg
| caption="Aegnor" by [[Elena Kukanova]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈa͡ɛɡnor]}}
| othernames=''Ambaráto'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]) ''Aikanáro'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])
| titles=
| position=Lord of [[Dorthonion]]
| location=[[Eldamar]] [[Dorthonion]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Quenya]] [[Sindarin]]
| birth=Between {{YT|1300}} & {{YT|1362|n}}<ref group="note">{{MR|P2l}}, p. 106 lists 1300 as the birth of Finrod (then named "[[Inglor Felagund|Inglor]]") and 1362 as the birth of Galadriel.</ref>
| birthlocation=[[Eldamar]]
| rule={{FA|7}} - {{FA|455|n}}
| death={{FA|455}}
| deathlocation=In the [[Dagor Bragollach]]
| age=between c. 1,726 & c. 2,297<ref group="note">[[Years of the Sun]]. Each [[Years of the Trees|Year of the Trees]] is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the [[Year of the Trees 1500|year 1500]].</ref>
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Finarfin]]
| parentage=[[Finarfin]] & [[Eärwen]]
| siblings=[[Finrod]] [[Angrod]] [[Galadriel]]
| spouse=Never married (loved [[Andreth]])
| children=None
| gender=Male
| height=Tall
| hair=Golden
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
{{quote|He is a warrior, Andreth, and a spirit of wrath. In every stroke that he deals he sees the Enemy who long ago did thee [[Fall of Men|this hurt]].|[[Finrod]] about Aegnor in ''[[Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth]]''}}

'''Aegnor''' was a son of [[Finarfin]] and a lord of the [[Noldor]]. He was terrible to endure in battle and a fire burned in his eyes. His golden hair was stiff and straight. Aegnor's spirit burned relentless, even at a young age, but he was also thought of as generous and noble among the [[Firstborn]].<ref name="Aikanaro" />

==History==
===Early history===
Aegnor was the elder brother of [[Galadriel]] and the younger brother of [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]] and [[Angrod]].<ref>{{S|Feanor}}</ref> He had a strong friendship with [[Fingon]] and grace to him, and he followed the Exiles under the host of [[Fingolfin]].<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref>

As vassals of Finrod, he and Angrod held the highlands of [[Dorthonion]] against [[Morgoth]] during the [[Siege of Angband]].<ref>{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> But, like Finrod, he had no trust that the Siege would hold Morgoth for long.<ref name="Athrabeth">{{MR|P4c}}</ref>{{rp|434}}

In the time following the alliance of the [[Edain]] with the Elves, who had themselves become numerous and strong, [[Fingolfin]] pondered an assault upon Angband. Aegnor and Angrod, dwelling in regions where [[Thangorodrim]] could be descried, were alone among the chieftains of the Noldor who were of like mind; with most of the other Noldor being content with things as they were, trusting them to last, and slow to begin an assault in which many must surely perish. Thus, the designs of Fingolfin came to naught.<ref name="fingolfin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref>

===Love with Andreth===
While in Dorthonion, Aegnor fell in love with the [[Man|human]] woman, [[Andreth]], but from this he turned away.

The Elves considered it a grievous thing if a wedded pair were sundered during the bearing of a child, or while the first years of childhood lasted, and therefore they customarily avoid wedding or begetting children during times of war. The Eldar also recognized that any marriage between Elves and Men, being brief and hard, with the least cruel fate being that death would soon end it, shall only be for some high purpose of Doom.

While Aegnor's heart wished to take Andreth and flee far away, this would have forsaken his kin, to which love and loyalty held him to. Were they wed, then, as she grew old, he would have stayed at her side to uphold her, and she would have thus had in every hour pity inescapable, and he would not have her so shamed.

As the life and love of the Eldar dwelled much in memory, they would rather have a memory that is fair but unfinished than one that goes on to a grievous end. As such, Aegnor would ever remember her in the sun of morning, and that last evening by the water of [[Aeluin]] in which he saw her face mirrored with a star caught in her hair.

For her sake he would never take the hand of any bride from his own kindred, but live alone to the end; and even after death, forever remain in the [[Halls of Waiting]] until the end of Arda.<ref name="Athrabeth">{{MR|P4c}}</ref>

===Death===
Aegnor and Angrod were both slain in the [[Dagor Bragollach]].<ref name="fingolfin" />

==Etymology==
''Aegnor'' was the [[Sindarin]] version of ''Aikanáro'', although it was not true Sindarin, as there was no equivalent to ''aica'', which would take the form ''aeg''.<ref name="Aikanaro">{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 347</ref> However, both ''Aegnor'' and ''Aikanáro'' are glossed as "Sharp-flame" at some point,<ref name="Athrabeth" /> so ''Aegnor'' could easily be a combination of ''[[aeg]]'' ("sharp") + the suffixal form of ''[[naur]]'' ("fire").

==Other names==
The original name of Aegnor was '''''Aikanáro''''', his [[Quenya]] [[mother-name]], meaning "Fell Fire", from ''[[aika]]''("fell", "terrible", "dire") + ''[[Nár (Quenya)|nár]]'' ("fire") + ''-o'' (pronominal suffix). This was in part a prophetic name, as he was one of the most valiant warriors, with fire in his eyes.<ref name="Aikanaro" /> If directly translated into Sindarin, ''Aikanáro'' would have been rendered as ''Goenor'', using the noun ''goe'' ("terror, great fear").<ref>{{PM|XINotes}}, p. 363, note 45</ref>

His [[Quenya]] [[father-name]] was '''''Ambaráto'''''. It seems to mean "High Champion" and to be a compound of ''[[amba]]'' ("up") and ''[[aráto]]'' ("champion").<ref name="Eldamo">{{webcite|author=[[Paul Strack]]|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2175363371.html|articlename=Q. ''Ambaráto'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=01 March 2024}}</ref> Its Sindarin version would have been ''[[Amrod]]'', but to distinguish himself from the other Noldo [[Angrod]] and because he preferred it, he used his mother-name.<ref name="Aikanaro" />

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| MIR |y|~|~|~|~|~|~| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | OLW | | | | | | | |MIR=[[Míriel]] ''d. {{YT|1170}}''|FIN=[[Finwë]] ''d. {{YT|1495}}''|IND=[[Indis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|OLW=[[Olwë]] ''b. {{YT}}''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF |~|~|y|~|~| EAW | | SON | | | | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]] ''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''|FDS=[[Findis]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FNG=[[Fingolfin]] ''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''|IRM=[[Írimë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|FRF=[[Finarfin]] ''b. {{YT|1230}}''|EAW=[[Eärwen]] ''b. {{YT}}''|SON=''unknown sons''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL | |FRD=[[Finrod]] ''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''|ANG=[[Angrod]] ''d. {{FA|455}}''|AEG='''AEGNOR''' ''d. {{FA|455}}''|GAL=[[Galadriel]] ''b. {{YT|1362}}''|ELD=[[Eldalótë]] ''b. {{YT}}''|CEL=[[Celeborn]] ''b. {{FA}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]] ''d. {{FA|495}}''|CLB=[[Celebrían]] ''b. {{SA}}''|ELR=[[Elrond]] ''b. {{FA|532}}''}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FIL | | GIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW | |GIL=[[Gil-galad]] ''d. {{SA|3441}}''|FIL=[[Finduilas]][[Finduilas#Notes|NB]] ''{{FA|272}} - {{FA|495|n}}''|ELL=[[Elladan]] ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ELO=[[Elrohir]] ''b. {{TA|130}}''|ARW=[[Arwen]] ''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Other versions of the legendarium==
In such early writings as ''[[The Lost Tales]]'' and ''[[The Lay of Leithian]]'', the precursor of Aegnor was called '''''[[Egnor (disambiguation)|Egnor]]''''', and he was one of the sons of Finrod (later Finarfin) who fell during the [[Siege of Angband]].<ref>{{LB|3}}, ''passim''</ref><ref>{{HM|SM}}, ''passim''</ref> The variation ''Eignor'' is also encountered in some texts.<ref>{{NM|P2x}}, p. 222</ref>

In ''[[The Later Annals of Valinor]]'', Angrod, Aegnor, and Orodreth had a great friendship with Celegorm and Curufin; so much so that when ''"Fëanor and his folk seized all the ships and sailed east across the sea, and they took none of the other companies save Orodreth, Angrod, and Egnor (Aegnor), whom Celegorm and Curufin loved"''.<ref>{{LR|AV}}, p. 116</ref>

{{references|notes}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
|race=noldor
|house=[[House of Finarfin]] Cadet branch of the [[House of Finwë]]
|born=Between {{YT|1300}} & {{YT|1362|n}}
|died={{FA|455}}
}}
{{seq
|pvac=None
|prev=Position established
|list=Lord of [[Dorthonion]]
|dates={{FA|7}} – {{FA|455|n}} (with [[Angrod]])
|next=[[Dagor Bragollach|Realm destroyed]]
|nvac=None
}}
{{seq-end}}

[[Category:Calaquendi]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:First Age characters]]
[[Category:House of Finarfin]]
[[Category:Noldor]]
[[Category:Rulers in Beleriand]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]

[[de:Aegnor]]
[[fi:Aegnor]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/aegnor]]

Snow-trolls

2024-12-29T03:37:28Z

Parmandil: Fixed ROP etymology, *hris* is 'snow', not 'ice'

{{short description|Type of Troll}}
{{Unnamed}}
{{race infobox
| name=Snow-trolls
| image=The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco.jpg
| caption=A Hristorco in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
| pronun=
| othernames=
| origin=
| location=[[Middle-earth]]
| affiliation=
| rivalry=
| language=
| people=[[Trolls]]
| members=
| lifespan=
| distinctions=
| height=
| hair=
| skin=
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}

{{quote|He would go out by himself, clad in white, and stalk like a snow-troll into the camps of his enemies, and slay many men with his hands. It was believed that if he bore no weapon no weapon would bite on him. The Dunlendings said that if he could ﬁnd no food he ate men.|{{App|A2}}}}

'''Snow-trolls''' were a type of [[trolls|troll]] mentioned in an extract from some [[:Category:Books and documents within the legendarium|annal]]<ref group="note">The entire section "Soon afterwards the Long Winter…line of mounds was begun." (See citation 2) is in quotation marks as per a sentence in the second paragraph of Appendix A that says that "Actual extracts from longer annals and tales are placed within quotation marks" (See citation 1).</ref><ref name="sources">{{App|A}}</ref> or [[:Category:Lays and tales within the legendarium|tale]]<ref group="note">The entire section "Soon afterwards the Long Winter…line of mounds was begun." (See citation 2) is in quotation marks as per a sentence in the second paragraph of Appendix A that says that "Actual extracts from longer annals and tales are placed within quotation marks" (See citation 1).</ref><ref name="sources" /> in which [[Helm Hammerhand]] was compared to one.<ref name="appendix">{{App|A2}}, p. 1066</ref> It is not known if snow-trolls were real creatures or if they existed exclusively as a term within the literature of [[Middle-earth]].

==History==
During the [[Long Winter]] that lay upon the fields of [[Rohan]] in the years {{TA|2758}} and {{TA|2759}} of the [[Third Age]], [[Helm Hammerhand]] clad himself in white and stalked the camps of the [[Dunlendings]] "like a snow-troll" and killed many with seemingly his bare hands. Helm's deeds were long remembered in [[Dunland]] as a legend and struck fear and hatred into any who heard it.<ref name="sources" /><ref name="appendix" />

==Portrayal in adaptations==
Like [[half-trolls]], snow-trolls have been depicted in many adaptations.

===Snow-trolls in adaptations===
<gallery mode="traditional" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco.jpg|A Hristorco in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
File:The Rings of Power (TV series) - Hristorco Concept Art.jpg|Hristorco concept art for ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]''.
File:SnowTroll.jpg| A Snow-troll in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|The Battle for Middle-earth 2: The Rise of the Witch-king]].
</gallery>

===Television===
'''2022: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power]]'':'''
:'''September 1: ''[[A Shadow of the Past]]'':'''
::While investigating a [[Dúrnost|fortress]] located within the [[Forodwaith]], [[Galadriel|Galadriel's company]] is ambushed by a stalking '''Hristorco''' ([[Quenya|Q.]] ''Snow-troll''),<ref group="note">''Hristorco'' is clearly meant to be [[Quenya]], a combination of the root [[SRIS|''SRIS'']] ("snow") and [[Neo-Quenya]] ''torco,'' adapted from [[Sindarin]] ''[[torog]]'' ("troll").</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=WizardWayKris|articleurl=https://mobile.twitter.com/WizardWayKris/status/1594774313613242368|articlename=BTS-E1: We get background on the Ice Troll. Just to review: 🌱 Hristorco! (Quenya) Hris-: "ice" Torco: adapted from Sindarin torog, "troll" The design by John Howe is spectacular. Bravo, concept & digital art department!|dated=21 November 2022|website=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-4151723885.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo : Primitive Elvish: SRIS|website=Eldamo}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2829717375.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo : Neo-Quenya : Torco|website=Eldamo}}</ref> a variation of [[Trolls]] that had long ago adapted to live within the harsh and cold climates of the northern realms that they call home.<ref>Amazon Prime's "X-Ray feature"</ref>

===Games===
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:Snow Trolls are large (10-12 ft tall), grey-white and rare creatures, who prey the [[Northern Waste|northern regions]] of Middle-earth. They turn into pillars of icy slag if exposed to the Sun.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>{{ICE|2025}}</ref>

'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king]]'':'''
:Snow Trolls are a playable unit in the [[Angmar]] faction. They are one of the strongest units, not only in that faction, but in the game overall. They are equipped with pickaxes, helmets and small shields. Snow trolls can be used also in the ''Create-a-hero'' section.

'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]'':'''
:A Snow-troll fought in the army of [[Skorgrím Dourhand]] during the [[Battle of Edhelion]]. He destroyed the city's gate and tried to kill [[Dorongúr Whitethorn]] and the player, but was slain himself by [[Elrond]] before he could complete his attempt.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings Online]], Introduction, ''Instance: The Refuge of Edhelion''</ref> Other Snow-trolls are found in the [[Ered Luin]] region.

'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''
:Snow-trolls are encountered on the slopes of Mount [[Gundabad]]. They are implied to be hostile, even to the various Orcs and Trolls gathering at the mountain.

'''2014: ''[[Lego The Hobbit: The Video Game]]'':'''
:The Big Little Character Pack DLC includes a Snow-Troll as a playable character.

{{references|notes}}

{{legend}}

[[Category:Trolls]]

Tar-Elendil

2024-12-28T19:43:45Z

Parmandil: /* Etymology */ Noting Tar-Elendil's Adunaic name as unattested

{{infobox character
| people=[[Númenóreans|Númenórean]]
| name=Tar-Elendil
| image=Liz Danforth - Tar-Elendil.jpg
| caption="Tar-Elendil" by [[Liz Danforth]]
| pronun=
| othernames=''Parmaitë'' ([[Quenya|Q]], "book-handed")
| titles=[[King of Númenor]]
| position=
| location=[[Númenor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Sindarin]] and [[Quenya]]
| birth={{SA|350}}<ref name=Tar-Elendil>{{UT|Kings}}, entry IV ''Tar-Elendil''</ref>
| birthlocation=Númenor
| rule={{SA|590}} - {{SA|740|n}} (150 years)<ref name=Tar-Elendil/>
| death={{SA|751}}<ref name=Tar-Elendil/>
| deathlocation=Númenor
| age=401
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| parentage=[[Tar-Amandil]]<ref name=Tar-Elendil/>
| siblings=[[Eärendur (son of Tar-Amandil)|Eärendur]] and [[Mairen]]<ref name=earlier>{{UT|earlier}}</ref>
| spouse=
| children=[[Silmariën]], [[Isilmë]] and [[Tar-Meneldur|Írimon]]<ref name=earlier/>
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Aranrúth]]<ref name=3a>{{UT|3a}}, note 2</ref>
| steed=
}}
'''Tar-Elendil''' was the fourth [[King of Númenor|King]] of [[Númenor]].<ref name="Tar-Elendil" /> He was the eldest son of [[Tar-Amandil]].<ref name="earlier" /> Tar-Elendil was also called '''[[Parmaitë]]''', because he made many books from the legends and lore gathered by his grandfather [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]].<ref name="Tar-Elendil" />

==History==
During Tar-Elendil's reign, in the year {{SA|600}} [[Vëantur]], the [[Captain of the King's Ships]], sailed his ship ''[[Entulessë]]'' (which means "Return") to the [[Grey Havens]], the first [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ship that returned [[Middle-earth]].<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}, last paragraph</ref> The Númenórean mariners were welcomed by [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]], [[High King of the Noldor]] and a friendship and alliance between Númenor and the [[Eldar]] of [[Lindon]] began. When news of the arrival of a ship with men reached Men of [[Eriador]] who were of the same stock as the Peoples of [[Hador]] and [[Bëor]], they asked Gil-galad if they could meet the shipmen. Twelve Men of Eriador met the Númenóreans at the [[Tower Hills]] and the two groups were able to converse haltingly, because their languages were related.<ref>{{UT|4a}}, note 2</ref> Vëantur's daughter, [[Almarian]], married [[Tar-Meneldur]],<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, entry V ''Tar-Meneldur''</ref><ref>{{UT|Wife}}, third paragraph</ref> and their son [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] inherited his grandfather's love of the sea.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}, fifth paragraph</ref>

Tar-Elendil had three children: two daughters, [[Silmariën]] and [[Isilmë]]; and one son, [[Írimon]].<ref name="earlier" /> Silmariën was the eldest child, but because of the law of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnatic_primogeniture agnatic primogeniture] that existed in Númenor at that time,<ref>{{UT|Wife}}, ''The Further Course of the Narrative'', fifteenth paragraph and the following paragraphs</ref> her brother Írimon inherited the Sceptre and ruled as [[Tar-Meneldur]]. Silmariën became important in her own right as the link of the [[Lords of Andúnië]] to the royal house; her son was [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]], the first Lord of Andúnië.<ref name="Tar-Elendil" /> Furthermore, Tar-Elendil also passed the [[Ring of Barahir]] down to Silmariën instead of his son<ref name="3a" />.; this choice, over ''many'' generations, allowed [[Aragorn]] to give the ring to [[Arwen]] in [[Lórien]] in {{TA|2980}} on their engagement.<ref>{{App|TA}}, entry for the year 2980 of the Third Age</ref>

==Etymology==
Elendil is [[Quenya]]. It means "Elf-friend" or "Star-lover".<ref>{{S|Index}}, entry ''Elendil''</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3085345131.html|articlename=Q. ''Elendil'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=12 December 2021}}</ref> The meaning "Elf-friend" was common among the [[Edain]]. Properly in Quenya it meant "a lover or student of the stars". "Elf-friend" in proper Quenya would be represented by Eldandil.<ref>{{WJ|Author}}, Note 10, p. 410</ref> The name Elendil is a compound of ''[[elen]]'' ("star") and ''[[-ndil|-(n)dil]]'' ("friend, lover, devoted to"). Like all the rulers of Númenor who took their royal names in Quenya, Elendil added the prefix ''tar-'' ("high") to his name when he received the Sceptre.<ref>{{UT|Kings}}, first paragraph and entry I to XXV</ref>

His sobriquet ''Parmaitë'' is Quenya. It means "Book-handed"<ref>{{UT|Index}}, entry ''Parmaitë''</ref> or "Book Handy".<ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-1274220047.html|articlename=Q. ''Parmaitë'' m.|website=Eldamo|accessed=12 December 2021}}</ref>

If he had the same [[Adûnaic]] name as his distant descendent [[Elendil]], Tar-Elendil's [[Adûnaic]] name may have been "Ar-[[Nimruzîr]]", although this is not mentioned by Tolkien.<ref>[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/adunaic.htm Ardalambion Article on Adûnaic]</ref><ref>{{SD|2dn}}, note 60</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | VAR | | | | | | | | | | | | |VAR=[[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]] ''{{SA|61}} - {{SA|471|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | AMA | | VAR | | AUL | | NOL | | |AMA=[[Tar-Amandil]] ''{{SA|192|n}} - {{SA|603|n}}''|VAR=[[Vardilmë]] ''b. {{SA|203|n}}''|AUL=[[Aulendil (son of Vardamir)|Aulendil]] ''b. {{SA|213|n}}''|NOL=[[Nolondil]] ''b. {{SA|222|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | ELE | | | | | | VEA | | EAR | | MAI |ELE='''TAR-ELENDIL''' ''{{SA|350|n}} - {{SA|751|n}}''|VEA=[[Vëantur]] ''b. {{SA|451|n}}''|EAR=[[Eärendur (son of Tar-Amandil)|Eärendur]] ''b. {{SA|361|n}}''|MAI=[[Mairen]] ''b. {{SA|377|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | ELA |y| SIL | | ISI | | MEN |y| ALM | | CAL | | | | |ELA=[[Elatan]] ''unknown''|SIL=[[Silmariën]] ''b. {{SA|521|n}}''|ISI=[[Isilmë]] ''b. {{SA|532|n}}''|MEN=[[Tar-Meneldur]] ''{{SA|543|n}} - {{SA|942|n}}''|ALM=[[Almarian]] ''unknown''|CAL=[[Caliondo]] ''{{SA|512|n}} - {{SA|900|n}}''}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|(| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | VAL | | ALD | | AIL | | ALM | | | | MAL | | | | |VAL=[[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]] ''b. {{SA|630|n}}''|ALD=[[Tar-Aldarion]] ''{{SA|700|n}} - {{SA|1098|n}}''|AIL=[[Ailinel]] ''b. {{SA|712|n}}''|ALM=[[Almiel]] ''b. {{SA|729|n}}''|MAL=[[Malantur]] ''b. {{SA|670|n}}''}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=numenorean
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| born={{SA|350}}
| died={{SA|751}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Tar-Amandil]]
| list=4th [[King of Númenor]]
| dates={{SA|590}} - {{SA|740|n}}
| next=[[Tar-Meneldur]]
}}
{{seq-end}}

{{numenorkings}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:TarElendil}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[Category:Second Age characters]]
[[Category:Númenóreans]]
[[de:Tar-Elendil]]
[[fi:Tar-Elendil]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/tar-elendil]]

Parmaitë

2024-12-28T19:40:29Z

Parmandil: Fixed the gloss of Parmaite

'''Parmaitë''' was a nickname of '''[[Tar-Elendil]]''', the fourth [[King of Númenor]]. The name came from his hobby of making books from the notes on legends and lore gathered by his grandfather, [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]].<ref>{{UT|Kings}}</ref>

His name means "Book-Handed" in [[Quenya]] (from ''[[parma]]'' = "book" and ''-[[maitë]]'' = "handed").<ref>{{UT|Index}}</ref>
{{References}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parmaite}}
[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:Rulers of Númenor]]
[[Category:Epithets]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]

Aragon

2024-12-03T21:41:06Z

Parmandil: Redirected to Aragorn via Special:SearchDigest

#REDIRECT [[Aragorn]]

Anatar

2024-12-03T21:40:51Z

Parmandil: Redirected to Sauron via Special:SearchDigest

#REDIRECT [[Sauron]]

Durins bane

2024-12-03T21:40:15Z

Parmandil: Redirected to Durin's Bane via Special:SearchDigest

#REDIRECT [[Durin's Bane]]

Laurelin

2024-11-27T17:14:32Z

Parmandil: Added riende as a likely element in Culurien

{{object infobox
| name=Laurelin
| image = Ralph Damiani - Laurelin.jpg
| caption="Laurelin" by Ralph Damiani
| pronun={{respell|low|re-lin}}
| othernames=''Tulukhedelgorūs'' ([[Valarin|V]])
| location=[[Ezellohar]]
| owner=
| type=Tree/source of light
| appearance=Gold-trimmed leaves
| creator=[[Yavanna]]
| created=V.Y. 3450–3500
| createdlocation=
| destroyer=[[Morgoth|Melkor]] and [[Ungoliant]]
| destroyed={{YT|1495}}
| destroyedlocation=
| notablefor=
}}
'''Laurelin''' was the '''Golden Tree''' of [[Aman]], the female mate of [[Telperion]], and the younger of the [[Two Trees of Valinor]]. Laurelin had gold-trimmed leaves and her dew was collected by [[Varda]] in [[Wells of Varda|her Wells]].<ref name="BegDays" />

==History==
Laurelin was created by the [[Valar|Valier]] [[Yavanna]] and [[Nienna]] on the hill of [[Ezellohar]], where the Tree shed her light on the realm of [[Valinor]] in the long years before the making of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]]. Laurelin, the younger of the Two Trees, flowered second after [[Telperion]], and bloomed during the latter part of each Valian day.<ref name="BegDays">{{S|1}}</ref>
[[File:Álvaro Fernández González - The Twilight of Laurelin.jpg|thumb|left|"The Twilight of Laurelin" by [[:Category:Images by Álvaro Fernández González|Álvaro Fernández González]]]]

Laurelin was destroyed by [[Morgoth|Melkor]], who used the giant spider spirit [[Ungoliant]] to his evil purpose during the theft of the [[Silmarils]], which caused the [[Darkening of Valinor]].<ref>{{S|8}}</ref> However, through the power of Nienna and Yavanna, Laurelin produced a single fiery fruit before she died. This golden fire was set in a vessel made by [[Aulë]] and his people, and was steered through [[Ilmen]] by the [[Maiar|Maia]] [[Arien]], making the [[Sun]].<ref name="OfSun">{{S|11}}</ref>

In the [[First Age]], [[Turgon]] made images of the Two Trees that stood in his court of [[Gondolin]], and the one made in memory of Laurelin was called [[Glingal]].<ref>{{S|15}}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Laurelin'' is said to mean "Song of Gold".<ref name="SI" /> The name ''Laurelin'' appears to be [[Quenya]] and contains ''[[laurë]]'' ("gold") and ''[[lind]]ë'' ("song").<ref name="SI" /><ref name="Ety">{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 358, 368</ref>

==Other names==
Other names for Laurelin were:

'''''Culúrien''''', likely containing the [[Quenya]] elements ''[[KUL|cul-]]'' ("golden-red")<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''cul-''</ref> and ''riende'' ("garland").<ref>{{Cite web|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-2409511645.html?neo|articlename=Culúrien|author=Paul Strack|accessed=27 Nov 2024}}</ref> Robert Ireland suggests it might rather contain ''úr'' ("fire, heat"), while the suffix is uncertain.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.quicksilver899.com/Tolkien/SILM/SILM_CE.html|articlename=Silmarillion Dictionary C-E|author=Robert Ireland|website=[http://www.quicksilver899.com/Tolkien/Tolkien_Dictionary.html A Tolkien Dictionary]|accessed=20 August 2020}}</ref>

'''''Malinalda''''' ("Tree of Gold"),<ref name="SI">{{S|Index}}</ref> composed of the words ''malina'' ("yellow, of golden colour") + ''[[alda]]'' ("tree").<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entries ''alda'', ''[[mal-]]''</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=http://eldamo.org/content/words/word-3600949199.html|articlename=Q. ''Malinalda'' pn.|website=Eldamo|accessed=30 June 2020}}</ref>

In [[The Later Quenta Silmarillion|The Later ''Quenta Silmarillion'']] manuscript, the Sindarin name of Laurelin is '''''Galadlóriel'''''. In a footnote to the same page three other Sindarin names of Laurelin are given: '''''Glewellin''''' ("song of gold", the same as Laurelin), '''''Lasgalen''''' ("green of leaf"<ref>Cf. also ''[[Eryn Lasgalen]]'', "Wood of Greenleaves".</ref>), '''''Melthinorn''''' ("tree of gold").<ref>{{MR|P3I2}}, p. 155</ref>

The [[Valarin]] name of Laurelin was '''''Tulukhedelgorūs'''''.<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}, p. 401</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
{{expansion}}
[[Vána]] named the tree '''''Lindeloksë''''' ("singing cluster").<ref>{{LT1|III}}, p. 72</ref>

Among the early names of Laurelin was ''Glingal'' ([[Noldorin]], emmended from ''Glingol''), which was later used for the [[Glingal|golden tree of Gondolin]].<ref>{{LB|1d}}, pp. 80-81</ref>

==Inspiration==
On a note referred to Laurelin's ''spilth'', [[Tolkien]] explains it is meant to indicate that the tree is founded on the [[:Wikipedia:Laburnum|laburnum]] as described by [[Francis Thompson]] in a poem:<ref>{{MR|P3I2}}, p. 157-158</ref>
{{blockquote|Mark yonder, how the long laburnum drips its jocund spilth of fire, its honey of wild flame!|''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1731/1731-h/1731-h.htm Sister Songs]'', "The Proem"}}

{{references}}
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Trees]]
[[Category:Valinor]]
[[de:Laurelin]]
[[fr:encyclo/biologie/flore/laurelin]]
[[fi:Laurelin]]

Ithilien

2024-11-24T05:51:30Z

Parmandil: Fixed the IPA transcription from [iθiljen] to [iθilien]

{{location infobox
| name=Ithilien
| image=Ted Nasmith - First Sight of Ithilien.jpg
| caption="First Sight of Ithilien" by [[Ted Nasmith]]
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[iˈθilien]}}
| othernames=''Arnen'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| location=Between the river [[Anduin]] in the west and the mountains of [[Ephel Dúath]] in the east
| type=Region/fief
| description=The fair province of [[Gondor]]
| regions=[[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien|South]]
| towns=[[Osgiliath]], [[Emyn Arnen]], [[Henneth Annûn]], [[Minas Ithil]]
| inhabitants=Primarily [[Gondorians]], [[Rangers of Ithilien]] (Briefly inhabited by [[Silvan Elves]] in the [[Fourth Age]])
| created=
| destroyed=
| rebuilt=
| events=[[Fall of Minas Ithil|Falls of Minas Ithil]]
}}
{{Quote|So they passed into the northern marches of that land that Men once called Ithilien, a fair country of climbing woods and swift-falling streams.|''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit]]"}}
'''Ithilien''' was a region and fiefdom of [[Gondor]].

==Geography==
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Ithilien.jpg|right|thumb|''Ithilien'' by [[Matěj Čadil]]]]
Ithilien was a region of Gondor during most of the time in the history of Gondor. Its borders were probably the [[Nindalf]] in the north,<ref name="VT">{{VT|42a}}, p. 17</ref> the [[Ephel Dúath]] in the east, the river [[Poros]] in the south, and the river [[Anduin]] in the west.<ref>{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Gondor'', p. 17</ref><ref name="MapRohan">{{RK|Map}}</ref> The region was further divided into [[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien]]. The division was probably at the river [[Morgulduin]] or at the east-west-road from [[Osgiliath]] to [[Minas Morgul]].<ref name="MapRohan" /> The [[Emyn Arnen]] were located in South Ithilien.<ref name="MT">{{RK|MT}}</ref>

Ithilien was a sheltered region. It was shielded from the east by the Ephel Dúath, protected from the north by the [[Emyn Muil]], open to the southern airs and the moist winds from the sea.<ref name="Herbs">{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>

Small woods of resinous trees, fir, cedar, cypress, groves and thickets of tamarisk and terebinth, olive trees, bay,<ref name="Herbs" /> great ilexes of huge girth, ash-trees and giant oaks<ref name="Journey">{{TT|Journey}}</ref> grew in Ithilien. There were also junipers, myrtles, thymes, sages of many kinds, marjorams, parsleys, and many herbs of forms and scents beyond the garden-lore of Sam. In addition, there were saxifrages, stonecrops, primeroles, [[anemones]], filbert-brakes, [[asphodel]], [[lilies]], roses, [[iris]]es, [[water-lilies]], briars, [[eglantine]]s and trailing clematises.<ref name="Herbs" /> Furthermore, grass, celandine and acres populous with the leaves of woodland hyacinths<ref name="Journey" /> grew in Ithilien.

[[Lebethron]]<ref name="Journey" /> and [[Culumalda]] grew especially in the woods around the [[Field of Cormallen]].<ref name="RC">{{HM|UI}}, pp. 625-6</ref><ref name="SApp">{{S|Appendix}}, entry for ''mal-''</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
Historians in [[Gondor]] believed that, in the [[First Age]], the [[Drúedain|Woses]] reached the region and were the first to cross the [[Anduin]] (probably near [[Cair Andros]]).<ref>{{UT|12b}}</ref>

Old records preserved in [[Gondor]] indicate that the name ''Arnen'' was once used for the larger part of the region during the [[Second Age]].<ref name="VT" />
When [[Elendil]] and his sons founded the [[Realms in Exile]], Ithilien took its name after his son, [[Isildur]].<ref name="Nomenclature">{{HM|N}}, entry Sunlending, p. 776</ref> Ithilien was the territory of Isildur and was governed from [[Minas Ithil]]<ref name="Ithilien">{{HM|UI}}, entry ''Ithilien'', p. 233</ref> [[Minas Ithil]], the Tower of the Moon, had been built as a strong place that could threaten [[Mordor]]. In Minas Ithil stood the house of Isildur.<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> It was [[First Fall of Minas Ithil|briefly captured]] by [[Sauron]] in {{SA|3429}},<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}, entry for the year 3429</ref> but was restored later. The [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] was built by Gondor as an eastern outpost of the defences of Ithilien after the Last Alliance.<ref>{{RK|Tower}}</ref> Ithilien was a fair and prosperous land during the [[Second Age]] and the first part of the [[Third Age]] when Gondor was strong and Mordor deserted.

===Invasions by Easterlings and Haradrim===
In {{TA|490}} during the reign of King [[Ostoher]], [[Easterlings]] invaded Gondor, probably through northern Ithilien. In {{TA|500}}, his son, [[Tarostar]], defeated them and drove them out of Gondor.<ref name="Ostoher">{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Ostoher and King Tarostar</ref><ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref>

The [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] was also defending Ithilien from attacks from Sauron's remaining servants and stopped them from returning to Mordor, guarding the high pass over the [[Ephel Dúath]]. Gondor occupied the fortress until {{TA|1636}} when the [[Great Plague]] killed large parts of the population. During the plague, most of the people of [[Osgiliath]] fled the city for the western dales or the woods of Ithilien.

After the disastrous [[Battle of the Plains]] in {{TA|1856}} the Gondorian territories north of Ithilien and east of the river Anduin were abandoned by Gondor.<ref name="Northmen">{{UT|Northmen}}</ref><ref name="Narmacil II">{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Narmacil II</ref>

In {{TA|1899}}, Marhwini warned [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|King Calimehtar]] that the [[Wainriders]] were plotting to raid [[Calenardhon]] over the [[Undeeps]]. Calimehtar, therefore, provoked the Wainriders out of Ithilien, and his horsemen, joined by a large [[éored]] led by [[Marhwini]], drove the Wainriders back.<ref name="Cirion" /><ref name="Calimehtar">{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Calimehtar</ref>

In {{TA|1944}}, [[Wainriders]] from [[Rhûn]] made an alliance with the [[Haradrim]], and a dual attack on Ithilien was launched. While the Wainriders assaulted Ithilien from the north, the armies of the Haradrim crossed the [[Poros]] and invaded [[South Ithilien]]. The Gondorian [[Captain of the Southern Army|Captain]] [[Earnil II|Eärnil]] leading Gondor's inferior [[Southern Army]], defeated the Haradrim, and then turned north, [[Battle of the Camp|took]] the Wainriders by surprise and pushed many of them into the swamplands of the [[Dead Marshes]].<ref name="Ondoher">{{App|Gondor}}, entry for King Ondoher and King Eärnil</ref>

===Desertion===
When Minas Ithil was captured by Mordor in {{TA|2002}} after a three year [[Second Fall of Minas Ithil|long siege]], it was renamed [[Minas Morgul]], the Tower of Black Sorcery, a place of dread, and many of the people that still remained in Ithilien deserted it.<ref name="Ondoher" />

During the [[Watchful Peace]] the lords of Morgul had secretly bred the [[Uruk-hai]], and in {{TA|2475}} these creatures assailed and overran Ithilien, and captured [[Osgiliath]]. [[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]] defeated the host of Morgul and regained Ithilien. However, from that time on no people dwelt in the ruined city of Osgiliath.<ref name="stew">{{App|Stewards}}</ref>
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Terrace at Henneth Annûn.jpg|left|thumb|''The Terrace at Henneth Annûn'' by [[Ted Nasmith]]]]
[[Amon Dîn]] was used as a fortified outpost in [[Anorien]] keeping watch over the passage into North Ithilien from [[Dagorlad]] and any attempt by enemies to cross the [[Anduin]] near [[Cair Andros]].<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}, (iii) Cirion and Eorl and note 35</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 510</ref>

In the days of Steward [[Túrin II]], Ithilien was infested by [[Mordor-orcs]] and more people fled west over the [[Anduin]]; only the hardiest people remained.<ref name="stew" />

In {{TA|2885}}, Ithilien was invaded in great strength by [[Haradrim]] that had occupied [[South Gondor]]. With the aid of King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] Túrin II won a victory at the [[Crossings of Poros]], though the princes [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]] were slain.<ref name="TA" />

Most of the remaining people of Ithilien fled across the [[Anduin]] to escape further attacks by [[Uruks]] from Mordor ({{TA|2901}}),<ref name="TA" /> but Túrin II still kept scouts there, operating out of secret refuges such as [[Henneth Annûn]]. [[Sauron]] returned to [[Mordor]] in {{TA|2951}}, and the last remaining people of Ithilien fled over the [[Anduin]] when [[Mount Doom]] erupted in {{TA|2954}}.<ref name="TA" /><ref name="stew" /> The [[Rammas Echor]] was constructed as part of the now necessary defenses of [[Gondor]] after Ithilien fell under the shadow of the Enemy, probably during the days of Steward [[Ecthelion II]].<ref name="MT" /><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 546</ref> The descendants of the people who had dwelt in Ithilien, formed the corps of the [[Rangers of Ithilien]].<ref name="Herbs" />

===War of the Ring===
During the [[War of the Ring]], in early March {{TA|3019}}, [[Faramir]] the son of the Steward [[Denethor]], was leading the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] to ambush Haradrim who would pass through Ithilien.<ref name="Herbs" /> After that [[Gollum]] led [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] through Ithilien on their way to [[Cirith Ungol]] and into Mordor, and Faramir allowed them to continue when he was satisfied they were not agents of [[Sauron]].
[[File:John Howe - The Mumakil of Harad.jpg|200px|thumb|''The Mumakil of Harad'' by [[John Howe]]]]
When the [[Host of the West]] marched on the [[Morannon]], their scouts, men from [[Henneth Annûn]] led by [[Mablung (ranger of Ithilien)|Mablung]] discovered an ambush by Orcs and Easterlings that lay hidden in Ithilien at the same place where Faramir and his men had previously ambushed the men of Harad. The ambush was quickly turned when horsemen bypassed the Orcs and Easterlings and attacked them on their flank and from behind.<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref>

===Later history===
After the fall of Sauron Faramir retained the title of Steward. In addition, King Aragorn gave Ithilien to Faramir to be his princedom and ordered him to live in [[Emyn Arnen]] as the [[Prince of Ithilien]]. Minas Morgul was destroyed and not repopulated.<ref>{{RK|Steward}}</ref> Faramir married [[Éowyn]] after the funeral of King Théoden in {{TA|3019}}.<ref name="partings">{{RK|Partings}}</ref><ref name="chief">{{App|Chief}}</ref> As the march-warden of Gondor in its main eastern outpost the Prince of Ithilien had the duty to rehabilitate the lost territory and to clear it from Orcs and outlaws.<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 634</ref><ref>{{L|244}}</ref>

After the fall of Sauron Legolas brought south some of the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] and they dwelt in Ithilien, and it became once again the fairest country in all the Westlands.<ref name="durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> Legolas devised gardens for the house of Faramir and Éowyn in Emyn Arnen.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, Commentary, The Stewards of Gondor, entry for Steward Faramir</ref> After King Aragorn died, Legolas built a grey ship and sailed from Ithilien to the West, reportedly taking Gimli with him.<ref name="durin" /><ref>{{app|Later}}</ref>

==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Ithilien.mp3|Ardamir}}
''Ithilien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name. It means "land of the moon".<ref name="Ithilien" /> It is a compound of [[Ithil]] ("Moon")<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry ''[[sil]]''</ref> and the plural form ''[[-nd|ien]]'' of the place name suffix ''-ian(d)''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, entry S '''Eregion'''. p. 42</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Paul Strack|articleurl=https://www.eldamo.org/content/words/word-3354952041.html|articlename=S. ''Ithilien'' loc.|website=Eldamo|accessed=06 February 2022}}</ref>

The name does not refer to the moon or the climate, but is related to the 'heraldic' name of [[Isildur]], the son of [[Elendil]]. It is the counterpart of [[Anorien]], the "Land of the Sun".<ref name="Nomenclature" />

==Portrayal in adaptations==
'''[[1987]]-[[1996|96]]: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
:The ''[[Sea-Lords of Gondor]] - Pelargir and Lebennin'' campaign module contains a detailed map that includes Ithilien.

:The ''[[Southern Gondor: The Land]]'' module contains information about settlements and sites, the history, geography, flora and fauna, inhabitants, politics and power and warcraft of Harithilien. It is mentioned that the Emyn Arnen define the boundary dividing Harithilien (South Ithilien) from Forithilien (North Ithilien).

:In the ''[[The Tower of Cirith Ungol and Shelob's Lair]]'' module there are five adventures that take place in the Tower of Cirith Ungol, Shelob's Lair and the surrounding area. It is mentioned that the river Ithilduin (later renamed to Morgulduin) divides Ithilien into Northern and Southern provinces.

:In the ''[[Ghosts of the Southern Anduin]]'' adventure module there are four adventures that take place in and around the town of Bar-en-Tinnen in Ithilien (renamed to Bar-en-Dinnen in ''Southern Gondor: The Land'').

:In the ''[[Gates of Mordor (book)|Gates of Mordor]]'' adventure module there are two adventures that take place in North Ithilien and one adventure that takes place in [[Durthang]] in the northern Ephel Dúath.

:The ''[[Minas Ithil (book)|Minas Ithil]]'' city module contains detailed information about Minas Ithil (later renamed to Minas Morgul) in T.A. 1640 and three adventures that take place in Minas Ithil.

:''[[The Kin-strife]] campaign module contains detailed information about Minas Ithil (later renamed to Minas Morgul) during the time of the [[Kin-strife]] and three adventures that take place in Minas Ithil.''

'''2015: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Ithilien (North) map.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Map of North Ithilien in''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' ]]

:Ithilien is split into two game regions, each covering the portion located either north or south of the Cross-roads. Unlike other similar cases in the game, the separation is chronological as well as geographical: South Ithilien is story-wise set before the [[Siege of Gondor]] begins in full, while North Ithilien is set after the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], with the [[Army of the West|Host of thw West]] marching towards the [[Black Gate]].

[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Ithilien (South) map.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Map of South Ithilien in''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'' ]]
In the South Ithilien, the main stronghold of the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] is ''Bâr Hurin'' commanded by [[Anborn]], which is later overrun during the war. In the North Ithilien, ''Bâr Aroth'' and ''Bâr Tarnaher'' are similarly overrun, while ''Aelin Veren'' was only briefly passed by and has since been reclaimed from the Enemy. The secrecy of [[Henneth Annûn]] has been abandoned, as it is used to support the Host of the West during its march and would serve no further purpose should its mission fail.

{{references}}
{{FellowshipRoute}}
[[Category:Gondor]]
[[Category:Noldorin locations]]
[[Category:Regions]]
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/gondor/ithilien]]

Vinge

2024-10-30T18:59:38Z

Parmandil: Added missing italics to previous edit

'''''Vinge''''' is a noun meaning "foam" or "spray" in [[Quenya]], derived from [[Primitive Quendian|Primitive Elvish]] '''''wingē'''''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-1261033287.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo: "vingë"|author=Paul Strack|accessed=30/10/24}}</ref>''.'' Tolkien vacillated greatly on the form of this word, and so it is also found as '''''winga'', ''vinga'',''' and '''''winge,''''' and with stem form '''''vingi-''.'''<ref name=":0" /> It is cognates with ''[[gwing]]'' in [[Sindarin]].<ref name=":0" />

Example:
*[[Vingilótë]] = "Foam-flower"

{{references}}
*''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' by [[Ruth S. Noel]]
*[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/qlist.htm Quenya Corpus Wordlist] edited by [[Helge Fauskanger]]
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

Vinge

2024-10-30T18:59:01Z

Parmandil: Changed base form to "vinge" for better agreement with Vingilot and Tolkien's later conceptions.

'''''Vinge''''' is a noun meaning "foam" or "spray" in [[Quenya]], derived from [[Primitive Quendian|Primitive Elvish]] '''''wingē'''''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|articleurl=https://eldamo.org/content/words/word-1261033287.html?neo|articlename=Eldamo: "vingë"|author=Paul Strack|accessed=30/10/24}}</ref>''.'' Tolkien vacillated greatly on the form of this word, and so it is also found as '''winga, vinga,''' and '''''winge,''''' and with stem form '''vingi-.'''<ref name=":0" /> It is cognates with ''[[gwing]]'' in [[Sindarin]].<ref name=":0" />

Example:
*[[Vingilótë]] = "Foam-flower"

{{references}}
*''[[The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth]]'' by [[Ruth S. Noel]]
*[http://www.uib.no/People/hnohf/qlist.htm Quenya Corpus Wordlist] edited by [[Helge Fauskanger]]
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]