Tolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]

Tyelpétema

2016-04-03T00:08:55Z

Pfstrack:

'''Tyelpetéma''' was one of the five [[témar]] or sound-series of the [[Tengwar]] writing system.

The Tyelpetéma appears to have been unique; while each of the other four series consisted of a set of six individual 'letters', the palatal sounds of the Tyelpetéma were formed by adding a diacritic mark of two dots beneath another character. This is the equivalent of adding a 'y' after the letter in English to form a single distinct consonant sound.<ref>{{App|Letters}}</ref> As an example, the sound 'ty' here has the same sound as the initial consonant in the (British pronunciation of) the English word 'tune' - something close to, but distinct from, 'ch'.<ref>{{App|Writing}}, Consonants, TY</ref>

{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tyelpetema}}
[[Category:Lettering]]
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

Bladorthin

2015-01-11T00:16:27Z

Pfstrack: /* External links */

{{quote|... the spears that were made for the armies of the great King Bladorthin (long since dead), each had a thrice-forged head and their shafts were inlaid with cunning gold, but they were never delivered or paid for...|<ref name=Inside>{{H|Inside}}</ref>}}
'''Bladorthin''' was a king of some realm of [[Middle-earth]] during the mid-[[Third Age]].

Questions about whether Bladorthin was a [[Men|Man]] or an [[Elves|Elf]], or precisely where his kingdom lay, must remain in the realm of speculation.
==History==
Bladorthin ruled a great kingdom which maintained armies and had trade relationships with [[Erebor]]. His rule could be placed anytime between {{TA|1999}} and {{TA|2770}}.

He had ordered thrice-forged spears of superior quality for his soldiers from the [[Dwarves of Erebor]]. The smiths forged them, but for some reason Bladorthin never received his weapons and the spears remained in their halls.<ref name=Inside/>

It is possible that the [[Sack of Erebor|descent]] of [[Smaug]] on the [[Lonely Mountain]] was what prevented the trade, in which case his death can be put after that event.

On the other hand his death was perhaps premature and it was the reason that the trade was never completed.<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Bladorthin"</ref>

In any case, he died long before {{TA|2941}}.<ref name=Inside/>
==Etymology==
[[John D. Rateliff]] has noted that [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] never explained the meaning of the name ''Bladorthin''. He identifies the name as "clearly [[Gnomish]] (or perhaps [[Noldorin]])".

The Gnomish element ''blador'' "probably applies to wide open country" (cf. [[Bladorinand]], an early name of [[Beleriand]]), whereas the element ''-thin'' likely has the meaning of "grey" (as in ''[[Thingol#Etymology|'''Thin'''gol]]''). This would give the translation "the Grey Country", "Grey Plains Fay", or "Grey Master of the Plains".<ref name=HH>{{HM|HHO}}, pp. 52-3, 62-3</ref>

==Other Versions of the [[Legendarium]]==
In the early drafts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Bladorthin was the name of [[Gandalf]] (who would later be assigned the colour "grey" in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''). A connection can still be seen with the element ''-thin'' with the probable meaning "grey" (see [[#Etymology|above]]).<ref name=HH/>

==Speculation==
*[[Robert Foster]] suggests Bladorthin was an Elven king and that his premature death prevented the trade. The speculation that his death was premature narrows down the time of his death between {{TA|1999}} (the establishment of the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]]) and {{TA|2770}} (its destruction by [[Smaug]]).
*[[J.E.A. Tyler]] also interprets his death as premature
*[[Michael Martinez]] also interprets his death as premature, and suggests that he was a King of [[Dale]], perhaps ancestor of [[Girion]].<ref>[[Parma Endorion]]</ref>
*[[Douglas A. Anderson]] in ''[[The Annotated Hobbit]]'' suggests he was a [[Gift of Men|mortal]] Man.
*An article in the [[Tolkienwiki]] suggests not only that his death was premature but that his kingdom was destroyed by [[Sauron]], presumably located near the [[Sea of Rhûn]].<ref>[http://www.thetolkienwiki.org/wiki.cgi?FAQ/Who__was__King__Bladorthin FAQ: Who was King Bladorthin?]</ref>
*[[Andreas Moehn]] counters most of the common theories, notably the interpretation that his death was premature. As the book does not mention his death as such, most probable is that Smaug's arrival in {{TA|2770}} prevented the trade. Therefore he must died sometime later. He also rejects the theory that his kingdom was related to Dale, and locates it in [[Dorwinion]].

==Portrayal in Adaptations==
'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|The Hobbit]]'':'''
:Bladorthin's spears are some of the items [[Bilbo Baggins]] must find in Erebor for a quest in the chapter "Inside Information".
{{references}}

==External links==
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20130107014744/http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Bladorthin.html A theory on Bladorthin] by [[Andreas Möhn|Andreas Moehn]].

[[Category:Rulers of Middle-earth]]
[[de:Bladorthin]]
[[fi:Bladorthin]]

Nai

2015-01-11T00:08:55Z

Pfstrack:

'''''nai''''' is a [[Quenya]] word. It means, roughly, ''be it that''.
==Etymology==
Verb ''[[na]]'' and article ''[[i]]''.
==See also==
*''[[cenai]]''
*''[[aen]]''
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya words]]

Fuinur

2014-10-05T21:38:04Z

Pfstrack:

{{numenorean infobox
| image=
| name=Fuinur
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=
| position=
| location=[[Númenor]]; [[Umbar]]
| affiliation=[[Black Númenóreans]]
| language=
| birth=Late [[Second Age]]
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death=
| deathlocation=
| age=
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Fuinur''' was a [[Númenórean]] who had been turned towards darkness after [[Sauron]] had been brought to [[Númenor]]. He then journeyed to [[Middle-earth]] and rose to power among the [[Haradrim]]. When Sauron returned to [[Middle-earth]] and assailed the realm of [[Gondor]], Fuinur and a fellow [[Black Númenórean]] named [[Herumor]] apparently joined Sauron's forces.<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Fuinur.mp3|Ardamir}}
The initial element of this name is S. ''[[fuin]]'' "night"<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''fuin''</ref>, but the meaning of the suffix is unclear.
{{References}}
[[Category:Black Númenóreans]]
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[de:Fuinur]]
[[fi:Fuinur]]

Brilthor

2014-09-11T14:47:34Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

[[File:Matěj Čadil - Brilthor.jpg|thumb|[[Matěj Čadil]] - ''Brilthor'']]
'''Brilthor''' was one of the six swift rivers that flowed westward from the mountains of the [[Ered Luin]] to meet the long course of the [[Gelion]] on the borders of [[Ossiriand]]. The Brilthor lay between the rivers [[Legolin]] and [[Duilwen]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref>

==Etymology==

''Brilthor'' is said to mean "glittering torrent" in [[Ilkorin]], from ''[[bril]]'' ("glass, crystal") and a form of ''[[thórod]]'' ("torrent").<ref name=LR>{{LR|Etymologies}}, pp. 372 (root [[MBÍRIL|MBIRIL]]), 392-3 (root THOR-, THORON-)</ref>
{{references}}
[[Category:Ilkorin words]]
[[Category:Rivers]]
[[de:Brilthor]]
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:eaux:beleriand:brilthor]]
[[fi:Brilthor]]

Galdor (elf of Gondolin)

2014-09-03T14:31:30Z

Pfstrack:

{{disambig-more|Galdor|[[Galdor (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Pronounce|Galdor.mp3|Ardamir}}'''Galdor''' was a [[Noldor|Noldorin]] [[Elves|Elf]], who lived in [[Gondolin]] during the [[First Age]], and was the leader of the [[Folk of the Tree]]. He was said to be the bravest Elf of Gondolin, save King [[Turgon]] himself.<ref>{{LT2|III}}</ref> He carried either a great [[clubs|club]] or spear, and wore green. After the [[Fall of Gondolin]] he fled southwards to the [[Mouths of Sirion]], after leading the scouts before the exiles on their escape. It is said he later returned to the [[Undying Lands]], and dwelt on [[Tol Eressëa]].<ref>{{LT2|IIIn}}</ref>

In late writings (see ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''), [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] speculated that Galdor of the Trees and [[Galdor of the Havens]] may have been the same,<ref>{{PM|Last}}, Glorfindel, note 1</ref> but ultimately rejected the notion. If Galdor had remained behind, he would either have completely rejected the call of the [[Valar]], and thus had fallen, or he would have had to leave and then return like [[Glorfindel of Rivendell|Glorfindel]] did, which would make him a far more powerful person than his appearance in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' suggests.<ref>{{PM|Last}}, Glorfindel, note 3</ref> For this reason Tolkien speculated that "Galdor" was simply a common [[Sindarin]] name.

{{references}}
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[de:Galdor (Hauptmann von Gondolin)]]
[[fi:Galdor (Gondolin)]]

Tolkien Gateway:Naming policy

2014-09-02T01:26:38Z

Pfstrack: /* Disambiguation pages */

{{shortcut|TG:NAMING|TG:TITLE}}The '''naming policy''' of [[Tolkien Gateway]] governs the '''article title'', the article title being the large header displayed at the top of the article's content. When considering an article title, an editor should consider the [[#Naming guidelines|naming guidelines below]].

Usually, the title is the name of the concept/subject of the article, or it may be a descriptive phrase. However, the limitations of MediaWiki software dictate that no two pages can have the same title. As a result, Tolkien Gateway needs to have a policy in place to regulate the naming of articles in order to differentiate between several different concepts.

==Naming guidelines==
In naming any article, please take into account the following guidelines ([[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Article titles|similar to those used on Wikipedia]]):
* '''Recognisability''' - the title of the subject should be easily recognisable to someone familiar with the subject area. For example, "[[Gondolin]]" is much more recognisable than "Lothengriol";
* '''Conciseness''' - it should be as short as possible. For example, "[[Gandalf]]" and not "Gandalf the Grey";
* '''Naturalness''' - an article title that someone is likely to actually search for. For example, "[[Faramir]]" is preferable to "Faramir, son of Denethor".
* '''Precision''' - it accurately describes the subject without confusing it with another. For example, "[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)]]" distinct from "[[The Lord of the Rings]]";
* '''Consistency''' - so that all articles in the same subject area are similarly named. See [[#Specific naming conventions|the specific naming conventions]] below for more details on some of these;
* '''Canonicity''' - the article title should be a canonical name for the character. For example "[[Frodo Baggins]]" as opposed to "Bingo Baggins".

Should there be more than one concept of the same name, please refer to [[#Disambiguation|disambiguation]] below.

==Specific naming conventions==

* '''Definite/indefinite article''' - avoid the definite article ("the") and the indefinite article ("a"/"an") unless addressing the titles of books, series, films, etc. For example, that "[[Fellowship of the Ring]]" is the article for the group of characters, whereas "''[[The Fellowship of the Ring|'''The''' Fellowship of the Ring]]''" is the article describing the first volume of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''.
* '''Groups''' - contrary to Wikipedia policy, the name of groups should be plural rather singular. For example, "[[Elves]]". However if plurals are disputed - especially the case with [[Elvish]] words - then they should be in the singular, e.g. "[[Mallorn]]".
* '''Lists''' - lists can be difficult to maintain. However, should you decide to set up a list they should be named "List of ...";
* '''Real-world people''' - real people should be listed on the name they are most commonly known, preferably not a pseudonym.
* '''Video games''' - if the title has been used elsewhere, then the article title should have "(video game)" at the end, for example "[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]". If the video game's name isn't used elsewhere then "(video game)" isn't necessary, for example "[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]".
* '''Years''' - real-world years are simply the year, such as [[2014]]. For in-universe years, the title should be the age followed by the year, such as "[[Years of the Trees 1250]]", [[Second Age 750]]" and "[[Third Age 2043]]".

==Disambiguation==
{{shortcut|TG:DISAMBIG}}
Disambiguation is the process of resolving the ambiguity between two or more similarly-named concepts. Because certain names may be used more than once we have a disambiguation policy to regulate this.

===Methods of disambiguation===
There are a number of ways to differentiate between similarly-named articles, these are the most common:
* '''Post-nominal numerals''' - common with leaders, it is easy to differentiate "[[Arathorn I]]" from "[[Arathorn II]]";
* '''Bracketed descriptions''' - this is the most common form of disambiguation and is the ''only'' form of disambiguation for concepts outside the Middle-earth universe. We do this by by putting a descriptive statement in brackets following the name of the concept. Examples include: "[[Calimehtar (son of Calmacil)]]", "[[Beregond (Steward of Gondor)]]", "[[Fastred (rider of Rohan)]]", "[[Angband (game)]]" and "[[The Hobbit (1977 film)]]";
* '''Epithets and title''' - this is not encouraged unless editors feel that there is ''no other option''. Examples of this include "[[Húrin of Emyn Arnen]]".

===Disambiguation pages===
When there are three or more concepts - or two concepts of equal notoriety - we create a [[:Category:Disambiguation|disambiguation page]]. If one of articles is clearly more notable than the others then that articles gets primacy to the title, if not then it should redirect to the disambiguation page.

For example:
* Gandalf the character is much more notable than Gandalf the fanzine or Gandalf the band. As such, "[[Gandalf]]" links to the character whilst "[[Gandalf (disambiguation)]]" includes links to "[[Gandalf (fanzine)]]" and "[[Gandalf (band)]]". The [[Gandalf]] article links to the disambiguation page;
* There are two characters named Ponto Baggins are indistinguishable notability. As such "Ponto Baggins" redirects to "[[Ponto Baggins (disambiguation)]]" which then links to "[[Ponto Baggins I]]" and "[[Ponto Baggins II]]".

The structure of disambiguation pages is as follows:
*The first line of the page should have the concept name in bold with an arbitrary line about the disambiguation. For example, "'''Gandalf''' can refer to the following concepts:"
*The list of disambiguated articles. The list should be split up, when necessary, between [[legendarium]]-related links and Real-world links (see examples at [[Minas Tirith (disambiguation)]] and [[Tom (disambiguation)]]). In-universe concepts always take precedence in the list.
*At the end of the article, add '''<nowiki>{{disambig}}</nowiki>'''
*Further categorization is not necessary.

==See also==
*[[Tolkien Gateway:Manual of Style]]
*[[Help:Editing]] for how to use links.

[[Category:Tolkien Gateway]]

Belecthor I

2014-08-31T16:51:05Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

{{disambig-two|the fifteenth Ruling Steward of Gondor|the twenty-first Steward|[[Belecthor II]]}}
{{gondorian infobox
| image=
| name=Belecthor
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Ruling Steward]]
| position=
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]], [[Sindarin]]
| birth={{TA|2545}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|2628}} - {{TA|2655|n}} (27 years)
| death={{TA|2655}}
| deathlocation=
| age=105
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Húrin]]
| parentage=[[Húrin II]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Morwen (daughter of Belecthor)|Morwen]]<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 205</ref> and [[Orodreth (Steward of Gondor)|Orodreth]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Belecthor I''' ([[Third Age]] 2545<ref name="Elendil"/> – 2655,<ref name="South">{{App|South}}</ref> aged 110 years) was the fifteenth [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]].

==History==
Belecthor succeeded his father [[Húrin II]] at his death in Third Age 2628.<ref name="South"/> The [[Corsairs of Umbar]] were the major threat to [[Gondor]] at the time, although no major events are recorded.

Belecthor had two children: [[Morwen (daughter of Belecthor)|Morwen]]<ref name="Elendil"/> and [[Orodreth (Steward of Gondor)|Orodreth]].

He was followed by his son Orodreth at his death in 2655.<ref name="South"/>

==Etymology==
Belecthor could be composed of the words ''[[beleg]]'' and ''[[thoron|thor(on)]]'', therefore meaning "mighty eagle".<ref>''[[A Gateway to Sindarin]]'', David Salo, p. 343</ref>
{{References}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Húrin]]
| born={{TA|2545}}
| died={{TA|2655}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Húrin II]]
| list=15th [[Ruling Steward|Ruling Steward of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|2628}} – {{TA|2655|n}}
| next=[[Orodreth (Steward of Gondor)|Orodreth]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{rulingstewards}}
[[de:Belecthor I.]]
[[fa:بلک‌تور اول]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:3a:dunedain:gondoriens:belecthor_ier]]
[[fi:Belecthor I]]

Battle of Tumhalad

2014-07-11T14:02:19Z

Pfstrack: /* Opposing Forces */

{{battle
| image=
| name=Battle of Tumhalad
| conflict=[[Wars of Beleriand]]
|date={{FA|495}}<ref>{{GA|275}}</ref>
| place=[[Tumhalad]]
| result=Victory for [[Morgoth]]
| side1=The [[Elves of Nargothrond]]
| side2=Forces of Morgoth
| commanders1=*[[Túrin]]
*[[Orodreth]]
| commanders2=*Unnamed Orc captain
*[[Glaurung]]
| forces1=
| forces2=
| casual1=
| casual2=
}}
The '''Battle of Tumhalad''' was the last battle of the Elves of [[Nargothrond]]. It was fought on the plain of [[Tumhalad]] between the [[Narog]] and its tributary, the [[Ginglith]].

==Prelude==

The battle was fought as result of a massive [[Orcs|Orc]]-buildup beneath the [[Ered Wethrin|Mountains of Shadow]] and in the [[Pass of Sirion]]. Messengers from [[Círdan]] brought these tidings and a message from Círdan concerning a warning from the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Ulmo]] that the Elves of Nargothrond should not fight in open battles against the armies of [[Morgoth]].

However [[Túrin|Túrin Turambar]], a [[Men|Man]] and an influential commander of Nargothrond's forces, urged King [[Orodreth]] to venture out and fight the forces of Morgoth.

==Opposing Forces==
Possible numbers for the battle are at least 30,000 Noldorin Elves, as Nargothrond had barely participated in the crushing defeat of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. The army led by Glaurung must have been at least 70,000 if they could've defeated such a large Noldorin force, although it is likely that the presence of Glaurung contributed greatly to the elven defeat.

==The Battle==
The Elves of Nargothrond, though, were not used to open battle for they had always waged a guerilla war, ambushing but never assaulting the forces of Morgoth. Also, the evil hosts were larger than anticipated and led by the [[Dragons|Dragon]] [[Glaurung]].

The forces of Nargothrond could not withstand the assault and were driven towards the plain of Tumhalad, were most of them, including King Orodreth and the Elf-lord [[Gwindor]], were slain. Only Túrin withstood the attack of Glaurung, as he wore the [[Dwarves|Dwarven]]-crafted [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]].

==Aftermath==
The defeat suffered by the Elves allowed the [[Sack of Nargothrond]] by Glaurung.

Casualties for the Elves could've been as high as 25,000, with the remainder fleeing to Doriath, the [[Isle of Balar]] or possibly rallying to the defence of Nargothrond itself. Glaurung's army likely suffered heavy casualties as well, with possibly two thirds of the force being destroyed.{{fact}}

{{references}}

[[Category:Conflicts of the First Age]]
[[de:Schlacht von Tumhalad]]
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:1a:guerres:bataille_de_tumhalad]]

Mythcon 15

2014-06-19T14:10:32Z

Pfstrack:

{{convention
| image=
| title=Mythcon XV
| location=Mills College, Oakland, California
| organizer=[[Mythopoeic Society]]
| dates=August 10-13, [[1984]]
| attendees=
}}
'''Mythcon XV''' was the fifteenth annual [[Mythopoeic Society]] conference.

* '''Theme:''' The Wood Between the Worlds
* '''Guest of Honors:''' Jane Yolen (fantasy author) and Paul F. Ford (Lewis scholar)
* '''Chairman:''' Eric Rauscher

==External links==
*[http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/ Mythcon website]
**[http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/15/ Mythcon 15 website]
*[http://www.mythsoc.org/ Mythopoeic Society website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mythcon 15}}
[[Category:Mythcon]]

Racism

2014-06-15T03:58:54Z

Pfstrack: /* Counterindications */

{{sources}}
{{quote|For years, Tolkien scholars have waged a fight on two fronts: against an academic establishment that for the most part refused to take the author's work seriously, and against white supremacists who have tried to claim the professor as one of their own.|David Ibata, ''Chicago Tribune''<ref>http://metromix.chicagotribune.com/movies/chi-030112epringsrace,0,341461.story</ref>}}

[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Haradrim.jpg|thumb|225px|''Haradrim'' from [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]]]
[[Image:John Howe - Easterlings.jpg|thumb|[[John Howe]] - ''Easterlings'']]

Fans and critics of Tolkien's works have observed several ambiguously '''Racist and race-based elements'''; these go further into stereotyping or symbolism of good versus evil in the Tolkien's [[legendarium]]. As early as the first edition of the Lord of the Rings this topic was discussed, including by [[C.S. Lewis]] who wrote that people who dislike a clear demarcation of good and evil ''"imagine they have seen a rigid demarcation between black and white people."''

Tolkien's legendarium also makes many references to topics related by extension to racialism, such as eugenics, bloodlines, and (by extension) even the superiority of heredity over other authorities.

Some of these accusations of racism may be partially explained by a wider reading of Tolkien's works or a deeper thematic analysis, and others are more difficult to dismiss. In Tolkien's extensive letters one can find both comments that can be interpreted as racism as well as defense against the accusations.

[[Christine Chism]] mentions the issue of racism in the ''[[J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment|J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia]]'', where she distinguishes accusations as falling into three categories: intentional racism, unconscious [[Wikipedia:Eurocentrism|Eurocentric]] bias, and an evolution from latent racism in Tolkien's early work to a conscious rejection of racist tendencies in his late work.

In the Foreword to the revised edition of ''The Lord of the Rings'', Tolkien cautioned strongly against viewing it as an allegory, saying that he disliked allegory himself. Furthermore, according to his own claims, Tolkien denounced Hitler, Nazi beliefs, "race-doctrine" and apartheid and praised the Jews, calling them a "gifted people" (see below).

The global popularity of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]] has done much to perpetuate popular interest in, as well as criticism of, Tolkien's writing.

==Indications==

===Orcs===
The mostly white Free People's of Middle-Earth doing battle with the hordes of beast-like orcs is seen by some as an indication of racism.

Of the orcs, the [[Uruk-Hai]] are described as "black <ref>''The Lord of the Rings'' book two chapter 5: ''"some are large and evil: black Uruks of Mordor"'' and appendix A: ''"In the last years of Denethor I the race of uruks, black orcs of great strength, first appeared out of Mordor"''</ref> and a smaller orc, a tracker, is described as "black-skinned".<ref>''The Lord of the Rings'' book six chapter 2 ''"it was of a small breed, black-skinned, with wide and snuffling nostrils: evidently a tracker of some kind."''</ref> All orcs are often described as "slant-eyed" and the Uruk-Hai at least refer to the Rohirrim as 'white skins.' In one of his letters, Tolkien described Orcs as ''"...squat, broad, flat-nosed, sallow-skinned, with wide mouths and slant eyes; in fact degraded and repulsive versions of the (to Europeans) least lovely Mongol-types."''([[Letter 210]])

While Tolkien's statement comparing Orcs to the "Mongol-types" is undoubtedly insensitive given today's standards, he does put a disclaimer, "(to Europeans,)" before "least lovely", at least recognizing Western cultural bias and also points out that they were "degraded and repulsive versions" of "Mongol-types", not actual "Mongol-types". It is worth noting that some Orcs use crooked or bent swords (Tolkien also uses the term scimitar, which are historically associated with the Middle-East).

Orcs however, are not men. Unlike the wicked men who serve the Enemy, who might have been enslaved or beguiled, orcs are portrayed as irredeemably evil, or at least having a redemption outside the scope of the narrative. The origin of orcs is not clear, but they may be products of Morgoth's sorcery, or the descendants of tortured and ruined elves. Regardless of their origins they are not presented as a natural race, indeed there is no mention of orc women. Perhaps inspired by his Roman Catholicism, Tolkien's orcs may have more in common with demonic armies than foreign ones [http://digis.ewha.ac.kr/data/test/50.4rearick%5B1%5D.pdf].

===Light vs. Dark===
Some critics have declared that there is racism in Tolkien's works through his use of the words such as "light" and "white" vs. "dark" or "black". In 2002, John Yatt in ''The Guardian'' wrote: "White men are good, 'dark' men are bad, orcs are worst of all."<ref>The Guardian (2 December 2002)</ref>. Other critics such as [[Tom Shippey]] and [[Michael D.C. Drout]] disagree with such clear-cut generalizations of Tolkien's "white" and "dark" men into good and bad.

The whole of Tolkien's Legendarium contains a conflict between ''literal'' light (The Trees, the [[Silmarils]]) and darkness (the literal absence of light). Morgoth's standard was ''"sable unblazoned"'' (that is, plain black). ''"Mordor"'' means "black land" in Sindarin. This ongoing clash may be interpreted as containing racial symbolism of light skinned versus dark skinned peoples, although Eol, father of Maeglin was known as the Dark Elf, and the Moriquendi were called the Elves of Darkness, although both these terms refer to remaining outside the light of the two trees, not to skin tone. The [[Black Númenóreans]] are likewise named because of the color of their allegiance to Sauron and their heraldry, not their skin tone.

But white is not associated only with Good. [[Saruman]] the White has the [[White Hand]] as his symbol. Similarly black is not only associated with evil as Gondor uses a black standard bearing the White Tree, and the Guards of the Citadel of Minas Tirith wore black chain mail. In [[The Peoples of Middle-earth]], a Númenórean fleet is headed by a boat with black sails. One of the mariners explains to a native of Middle-earth, scared that the black sails indicate doom, that the blackness is in fact a thing of beauty, the night sky of Elbereth (who kindled the stars). Indeed, Tolkien states that one of Morgoth's (literally, the ''Black Enemy'') victories was in associating darkness and night with fear and evil.

===Evil Men===
One potentially racist element in Middle-Earth is that the majority of the men who serve Sauron are the dark-skinned peoples of the [[[[Easterlings (First Age)|Easterling]]]]s and [[Southrons]]. They come from the South and East of Middle-Earth, corresponding with Asia and Africa in the loose connection between Middle-Earth geography and that of the real world.
The Easterlings are aligned with Morgoth or Sauron with the single exception of Bór. They are described as being of fairly dark skin complexion, swarthy and exceedingly cruel. The Southrons (or Haradrim) are described black-skinned, cruel and evil, and are apparently at least inspired by Indian cultures with traits such as fighting on [[Mumakil]]-back.

In some cases, people having the slightest blood relation to enemies, like [[Freca]] and [[Wulf]], who are related to the [[Dunlendings]], are presented as evil themselves, as if evilness is hereditary. Some of these are also called "swarthy" (dark).
Usually, those whose appearance was 'unpleasant' ([[Maeglin]], [[Bill Ferny]]) and disliked by the main protagonists, turn out to be traitors. Bill Ferny is said to be swarthy, and this can be traced to his Dunlending ancestry.

While the Easterling and the Haradrim are dark-skinned people in the service of the Enemy, the [[Woses]] are primitive, small, and alien compared to other peoples (their chief Ghan-buri-Ghan only wears a grass skirt) yet they are valuable allies (in ''The Return of the King''). While Tolkien does not mention their skin colour, they were considered monsters by the Rohirrim who hunted them as animals, which the narrative explicitly condemns. However in the First Age they were counted as ''Edain'', or noble Men, and were allies of the Elves.

However, not all enemies are non-white. Noteworthy examples are Saruman, [[Gríma]], [[Gollum]], and at least two of the [[Nazgûl]]. Also [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]] and the [[ruffians]] are white-skinned characters who ravage and take over [[the Shire]]. Indeed, while during the timeframe of Lord of the Rings those enslaved and serving Sauron are darker skinned people from the South and East, during the history of Middle-Earth many of the white races of man and even some Elves were fooled and coerced by the Enemy.

===Racism in Middle-earth===
Tolkien portrays racism within the "heroic" races as unabashedly negative. Elves and Dwarves distrust each other. Some Elves hunted the Petty-dwarves as animals, as did the Rohirrim to the [[Woses]]. The friendship between [[Legolas]] and [[Gimli]] is portrayed as unusual but commendable, and several scenes illustrate them learning to understand and respect each other's cultural differences. When [[Gimli]] takes a strand of [[Galadriel]]'s hair, he is described as having ''"look[ed] into the heart of an enemy and saw there love and understanding."''

It is notable that there is apparently racism within the ranks of Orcs as the Uruk-hai held themselves as superior to the common Orcs, whom they called ''snaga'' (slave).

The point-of-view characters of the book -- the hobbits -- are themselves of a race that is frequently described as being overlooked, under-estimated, and lightly regarded by the other races of Middle-earth, yet they often demonstrate far greater courage and nobility than the races who denigrate them. They are not without prejudice, however, and Gandalf is shown reprimanding Frodo for his comments on [[Barliman Butterbur]].

The Númenóreans of Gondor fell to infighting because of a supposed need for racial purity, especially concerning the ancestry of their king (the [[Kin-strife]]), and grew weaker as a result. In this affair, the villain was the pure-blooded Númenórean [[Castamir]] while the hero was the half-Númenórean [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]].

===Dwarves as Jews===

Tolkien himself compared Dwarves to Jews:
{{quote|"The dwarves of course are quite obviously - wouldn't you say that in many ways they remind you of the Jews? Their words are Semitic obviously, constructed to be Semitic."|J.R.R. Tolkien<ref>http://www.daisy.freeserve.co.uk/jrrt_int.htm</ref>}}
One may interpret this comment in many ways. It should be noted that he only made an explicit connection between the dwarf-language [[Khuzdul]] to Semitic languages. In another letter, he makes the same comparison, but this time it is explicitly about both peoples being dispossessed of their lands, forced to wander the world, and adopt the languages of other lands: both were "at once natives and aliens in their habitations, speaking the languages of the country, but with an accent due to their own private tongue…" ([[Letter 176]])

Throughout the books, Tolkien paints a mostly positive picture of the dwarves ([[Gimli]] of course is brave and honourable, and it is stated in one of the Appendices to The Lord of the Rings that "few Dwarves ever served the enemy willingly", contrary to the tales of Men) and elsewhere he made explicitly positive statements about the Jewish people.

However, one of the weaknesses of the Dwarves was their greed for gold and other riches, amplified by the [[Seven Rings]]. Some see a connection between this and the stereotype of the Jewish usurer. It is also possible to draw a connection between the bearded Dwarves and the beards of Orthodox Jews.

*Tolkien has divine beings blessing or gifting peoples or persons and their descendants, having thus the concept of the [[chosen people]] who differ from others — in Tolkien's case, the Dunedain (literally "Men of the West") of Numenor. It should be also noted that according to Theosophy, Ariosophy and Nazism<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan_race#Occultism</ref>, the Aryan race is supposedly descended from [[Atlantis]].<ref>Alfred Rosenberg, [[Wikipedia:The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century|The Myth of the Twentieth Century]]</ref>

==Counterindications==
Tolkien's defenders assert that many criticisms of racism and elitism leveled at ''The Lord of the Rings'' and other writings are oversimplifications and generalizations, and do not take account of everything the author may have written concerning these matters.

*The symbolism of light as good and dark as evil is an prehistoric dichotomy present in a great many cultures, Western and otherwise. It is also a part of Christianity (John 8:12 Jesus Christ said, "I am the Light of the World, Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life."). Variations such as the Manicheeist heresy and further the ancient religion of Persia - Zoroastrianism.

*Tolkien was English, and wanted to make a mythology for England. Therefore he wrote ''The Lord of the Rings'' according to his people's point of view. He could not make his protagonists, say, Incan or Japanese, or even put the setting anywhere else than (an alternative) North-western Europe, in spirit if not in actuality.

*Tolkien only made precise ''geographic'' correspondences of Third Age Middle-earth locations to those in the real world. For example, [[Hobbiton]] was at the latitude of Oxford. The Shire was based upon, but ''was not actually'' rural England, since "the lands have changed" since then. Tolkien made no precise correspondences regarding the ''peoples'' concerned. Though the Hobbits were based upon rural English folk, they were not literally ancient Englishmen. He never said that Harad was Africa, nor the Eastlands Asia, nor their inhabitants ancestors of Africans or Asians. ''The Silmarillion'' presents tales of a time when the Earth's lands were different from that in the Third Age.

*Not only the East and South are associated with evil, and neither were they always so. In the First Age, evil came from the North when Morgoth based himself in [[Angband]]. Also, all Men and Elves first awoke in the East. Boromir is introduced as a "man of the South" without qualification (actually South-west).

*The white but darker-skinned Dunlendings themselves are descendants of the [[Edain]] (through the [[House of Haleth]]), therefore distant though unrecognized relatives of the Dunedain of Numenor, and their ancestors grew hostile to the Dunedain due to the latter despoiling their forests. The mostly benign and hearty men of Bree are descended from Dunlendings.

*In the War of the Ring, the enemies are not truly evil, since they are described as deceived, enslaved or exploited. Sam sees a dead warrior of Harad and wonders if he was truly evil — or rather deceived or coerced to go to war (see below). The Dunlendings are persuaded by Saruman to attack Rohan, playing on their grievances due to Gondor giving what they considered their land to the Eotheod, the ancestors of the Rohirrim. Earlier, Sauron persuaded their ancestors to fight against the Numenoreans, the cause of their relocation from forests into the hills.

*Tolkien does not actually mention the physical features of the Easterlings in ''The Lord of the Rings''; however the Easterlings of ''The Silmarillion'' are described as either sallow or swarthy. There is no certainty that the Easterlings of the First Age are the same people as those of the Third Age though: in fact, many of the "white" Men of Eriador are indicated to be descendants of the First Age Easterlings.

*Tolkien first describes the Haradrim in ''The Lord of the Rings'' as tall, dark, and looking fierce and nasty (according to [[Gollum]]), with long black hair, painted faces and gold earrings and ornaments. Later a warrior of Harad who falls at Sam's feet has black plaits of hair braided with gold. Notably, the author does not describe them as black, nor their hair as kinky, nor give them any other typical sub-Saharan African features.

*All the "superior" people, be they Elves, Edain or Dunedain, have no direct analogues in peoples of the real world. If the Dunedain could be put somewhere, they would belong in [[Atlantis]], since Numenor was Middle-Earth's counterpart to Plato's Atlantis. The Rohirrim, who have been parallelled to blond and fair Europeans, are "inferior" to them, being Middle Men, in their view.

*Kings, princes, heirs and noblemen as protagonists is not necessarily an advocation of blood nobility, since it is a theme and concept common in myths and fairy-tales. Also, [[Samwise Gamgee]] represents the common man, and sees insights that more "noble" characters apparently do not, such as the true situation of the human enemies. Note that in a letter (#131), Tolkien states that Sam is the chief hero of the whole book.

*There are no truly "perfect" peoples in Tolkien's writings, save perhaps the [[Vanyar]]. Given that Tolkien loved trees and nature in general, having his Numenoreans wantonly cut down trees for ships is decidedly negative. The Noldor rebelled against the Valar and killed their fellow Elves.

==''Lord of the Rings'' and Fascism==

In Italy, ''Lord of the Rings'' is considered fascist by some groups and Italian fascist organisations are allegedly using the book for recruiting.<ref>http://www.johnreilly.info/ata.htm</ref> According to Italian website [http://www.caltanet.it/frm/cinema/ Caltanet], [[Wikipedia:Alleanza Nazionale|Alleanza Nazionale]] a right-oriented Italian political party had taken a picture from ''Fellowship of the Ring'' movie to promote a speech by his leader, [[Wikipedia:Gianfranco Fini|Gianfranco Fini]].<ref>http://www.theonering.net/perl/newsview/8/1001628604</ref>

Tolkien's works have also been embraced by self-admitted racists such as the British National Party.<ref>The Sunday Times - [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/article804465.ece The BNP has declared Lord of the Rings essential reading. They’re not the only extremists to get the wrong idea]</ref>

==Relevant Passages from the text==
{{quote|It is not unlikely that they <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Orcs]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> invented some of the machines that have since troubled the world, especially the ingenious devices for killing large numbers of people at once, for wheels and engines and explosions always delighted them"|''[[The Hobbit]]'', "Over-Hill and Under-Hill"}}

{{quote|It was Sam's first view of a battle of Men against Men, and he did not like it much. He was glad that he could not see the dead face. He wondered what the man's name was and where he came from; and if he was really evil at heart, or what lies or threats had led him on the long march from his home; and if he would not really rather have stayed there in peace.|''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit]]"}}

==Tolkien on Racism==
{{quote|I must say that the enclosed letter from Rutten & Loening is a bit stiff. Do I suffer this impertinence because of the possession of a German name, or do their lunatic laws require a certificate of arisch origin from all persons of all countries? ... Personally I should be inclined to refuse to give any ''[[Wikipedia:Bestatigung|Bestatigung]]'' (although it happens that I can), and let a German translation go hang. In any case I should object strongly to any such declaration appearing in print. I do not regard the (probable) absence of all Jewish blood as necessarily honourable; and I have many Jewish friends, and should regret giving any colour to the notion that I subscribed to the wholly pernicious and unscientific race-doctrine.|[[Letter 29]] — Tolkien's German publishers had asked whether he was of Aryan origin}}

{{quote|Thank you for your letter... I regret that I am not clear as to what you intend by ''arisch''. I am not of Aryan extraction: that is Indo-Iranian; as far as I am aware noone (sic) of my ancestors spoke Hindustani, Persian, Gypsy, or any related dialects. But if I am to understand that you are enquiring whether I am of Jewish origin, I can only reply that I regret that I appear to have no ancestors of that gifted people.|[[Letter 30]] (Tolkien's unsent response to his German publishers; a more neutral version was ultimately sent)}}

{{quote|There was a solemn article in the local paper seriously advocating systematic exterminating of the entire German nation as the only proper course after military victory: because, if you please, they are rattlesnakes, and don't know the difference between good and evil! (What of the writer?) The Germans have just as much right to declare the Poles and Jews exterminable vermin, subhuman, as we have to select the Germans: in other words, no right, whatever they have done.|J.R.R. Tolkien — September 23, 1944}}

{{quote|I have the hatred of apartheid in my bones; and most of all I detest the segregation or separation of Language and Literature. I do not care which of them you think White.|From a valedictory address to the [[University of Oxford]] in [[1959]]}}

{{quote|As for what you say or hint of ‘local’ conditions: I knew of them. I don't think they have much changed (even for the worse). I used to hear them discussed by my mother; and have ever since taken a special interest in that part of the world. The treatment of colour nearly always horrifies anyone going out from Britain, & not only in South Africa. Unfort[unately], not many retain that generous sentiment for long.|[[Letter 61]] — Written to Christopher Tolkien who was stationed in South Africa during World War II}}

{{quote|Anyway, I have in this War a burning private grudge—which would probably make me a better soldier at 49 than I was at 22: against that ruddy little ignoramus Adolf Hitler (for the odd thing about demonic inspiration and impetus is that it in no way enhances the purely intellectual stature: it chiefly affects the mere will). Ruining, perverting, misapplying, and making for ever accursed, that noble northern spirit, a supreme contribution to Europe, which I have ever loved, and tried to present in its true light.|[[Letter 45]]}}

==External links==

*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/11/29/is-it-true-there-is-racism-in-the-lord-of-the-rings/ Is It True There is Racism in The Lord of the Rings?] by [[Michael Martinez]]
*[http://tolkien.slimy.com/faq/External.html#Racist Portion of a Tolkien FAQ attempting to give an answer to the matter]
*[http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jan/08lord.htm Critique of the Lord of the Rings as an 'epic rooted in racism' by Dr Shapiro]
*[http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/chi-030112epringsrace,0,4574891.story 'Lord' of racism? Critics view trilogy as discriminatory] by Chicago Tribune
{{references}}
[[Category:Debates]]
[[category:Tolkien criticism]]

Racism

2014-06-15T03:52:20Z

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Erik Bauersfeld

2014-06-15T03:41:35Z

Pfstrack:

'''Erik Bauersfeld''' is an American radio dramatist. In the [[Mind's Eye]]'s production of ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'', he provided the voices of [[Théoden]] and [[Boromir]].

==External links==
* {{WP|Erik Bauersfeld}}

[[Category:Actors and actresses|Bauersfeld, Erik]]
[[Category:American people|Bauersfeld, Erik]]
[[Category:People by name|Bauersfeld, Erik]]

Rog

2014-06-15T03:38:52Z

Pfstrack:

{{disambig-more|Rog|[[Rog (disambiguation)]]}}
{{noncanon}}
'''Rog''' was the name of an elf-lord of [[Gondolin]].<ref name=LT2>{{HM|LT2}}</ref>
==History==
Rog was a blacksmith, and chief of the [[Folk of the Hammer of Wrath]]. He was considered the strongest of the [[Noldor]], and was like considered third greatest in valour. He led his people against the [[balrogs]] and [[orcs]] during the [[Fall of Gondolin]] after the Gate was broken. Later during the battle he stirred his kindred against the Balrogs with words of passion, and though many were slain, they slew a number of the fiery creatures "that... was a marvel and dread to the hosts of [[Melko]], for ere that day never had any Balrogs been slain by the hand of Elves or Men". But the House of the Hammer of Wrath were hemmed in, and every one of them perished, including Rog.<ref name=LT2/>

==Etymology==
The name ''Rog'', in earlier writings ''Rôg'', seems curious as a name for an elf-lord of Gondolin: it means "demon" as an element in later names such as in ''[[Balrog]]''<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, RUK</ref><ref>{{WJ|P4}}, p. 415</ref>, and no other one-syllable names appear in other writings.
{{references}}
[[Category:Gondolindrim]]
[[de:Rog]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/rog]]

Belthil

2014-06-15T03:21:49Z

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'''Belthil''' was the silver-flowered tree made by [[Turgon]] in memory of [[Telperion]], one of the [[Two Trees]] of [[Valinor]]. Its mate was [[Glingal]].

==Etymology==
Belthil translates to ''Divine Radiance'', from [[BAL]] = powers, [[THIL]] = shine with white or silver light.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref> The original ''a'' became ''e'' due to [[I-affection]]

==Other versions==
Earlier writings name this tree '''Bansil''',<ref>{{LT2|IIIn}}, ''Entries in the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin, Bansil'', p. 214</ref> but this progressed to '''Banthil''', and finally '''Belthil'''.

{{references}}
[[Category:Trees]]
[[de:Belthil]]
[[fr:encyclo:arts:sculptures:belthil]]
[[fi:Belthil]]

Belthil

2014-06-15T03:21:11Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

'''Belthil''' was the silver-flowered tree made by [[Turgon]] in memory of [[Telperion]], one of the [[Two Trees]] of [[Valinor]]. Its mate was [[Glingal]].

==Etymology==
Belthil translates to ''Divine Radiance'', from [[BAL]] = powers, [[THIL]] = shine with white or silver light.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}</ref> The original ''i'' became ''e'' due to [[I-affection]]

==Other versions==
Earlier writings name this tree '''Bansil''',<ref>{{LT2|IIIn}}, ''Entries in the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin, Bansil'', p. 214</ref> but this progressed to '''Banthil''', and finally '''Belthil'''.

{{references}}
[[Category:Trees]]
[[de:Belthil]]
[[fr:encyclo:arts:sculptures:belthil]]
[[fi:Belthil]]

Blackwolds

2014-06-05T06:20:14Z

Pfstrack: /* History */

{{adaptation}}
{{cleanup}}
[[File:Blackwold1.jpg|thumb|200px|A '''Blackwold''' in [[Archet]].]]The '''Blackwolds''' were a group of [[Men|mannish]] brigands created for ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]''.

Nothing is known about the origins of the Blackwolds. Yet, it is implied that they were a group of Men from [[Bree-land]] that broke their ties with the rest of the [[free peoples]]. It is not stated what motivated them to do so.

The group was led by William Skunkwood who allied it with the forces of Angmar. After William's death, [[Éogan]] took over leadership of the group. He too was slain. After his death the Blackwolds broke apart and severed their ties with Angmar.

==History==

The Blackwolds helped [[Nazgûl|the Nine]] find the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] who is carrying [[the One Ring]]. The [[Nazgûl]] did not inform them why they they were looking for the Hobbit nor did they give a description of the Hobbit, only that the last name was [[Baggins Family|Baggins]]. They managed to capture [[Mundo Sackville-Baggins]] while he was staying at [[Archet]]. Just when they were attempting to transport him away for questioning, the [[Rangers of the North|Ranger]] [[Amdir (Shadows of Angmar)|Amdir]] freed him. Mundo along with his friend [[Celandine Brandybuck]] managed to burn their camp as they escaped.<ref>{{VGC|SAI}}</ref>

The Blackwolds regrouped and with the help of [[Calder Cob]] they planned a direct attack on the town of [[Archet]]. Along with [[Éogan]] the Blackwolds managed to set the town on fire. They captured Mundo again, but learned that he wasn't carrying the treasure they were looking for. They quickly retreated, but managed to destroy half of Archet in their assault.<ref>{{VGC|SAI}}</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Men in adaptations]]
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings Online Characters]]

Blackwolds

2014-06-05T06:19:02Z

Pfstrack: /* History */

{{adaptation}}
{{cleanup}}
[[File:Blackwold1.jpg|thumb|200px|A '''Blackwold''' in [[Archet]].]]The '''Blackwolds''' were a group of [[Men|mannish]] brigands created for ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar]]''.

Nothing is known about the origins of the Blackwolds. Yet, it is implied that they were a group of Men from [[Bree-land]] that broke their ties with the rest of the [[free peoples]]. It is not stated what motivated them to do so.

The group was led by William Skunkwood who allied it with the forces of Angmar. After William's death, [[Éogan]] took over leadership of the group. He too was slain. After his death the Blackwolds broke apart and severed their ties with Angmar.

==History==

The Blackwolds helped [[Nazgûl|the Nine]] find the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] who is carrying [[the One Ring]]. The [[Nazgûl]] did not inform them why they they were looking for the Hobbit nor did they give a description of the Hobbit, only that the last name was [[Baggins Family|Baggins]]. They mananged to capture [[Mundo Sackville-Baggins]] while he was staying at [[Archet]]. Just when they were attempting to transport him away for questioning, the [[Rangers of the North|Ranger]] [[Amdir (Shadows of Angmar)|Amdir]] freed him. Mundo along with his friend [[Celandine Brandybuck]] managed to burn their camp as they escaped.<ref>{{VGC|SAI}}</ref>

The Blackwolds regrouped and with the help of [[Calder Cob]] they planned a direct attack on the town of [[Archet]]. Along with [[Éogan]] the Blackwolds manged to set the town on fire. They captured Mundo again, but learned that he wasn't carrying the treasure they were looking for. They quickly retreated, but managed to destroy half of Archet in their assault.<ref>{{VGC|SAI}}</ref>

{{references}}

[[Category:Men in adaptations]]
[[Category:The Lord of the Rings Online Characters]]

Letter 70

2014-05-06T14:58:55Z

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{{letter infobox
| #=70
| to=[[Christopher Tolkien]]
| date=[[21 May]] [[1944]]
| subject=Hard work nearing the climax of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]''
}}{{Letter|70}}
==Summary==
Tolkien had the advantage of a bitterly cold week in which to write, but had struck a sticky patch. Everything sketched or written before was of little use, but with great labour he had written all the matter up to [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo’s]] capture in the high pass to [[Mordor]]. Now he said he had to bring the other folk up to the final crash. He asked if ''[[Shelob]]'' was a good name for a monstrous spider. It was just "she+lob" (= spider) but was noisome written as one.

Continuing the letter on 22 May, Tolkien reported another wretched cold day. He had worked very hard on his chapter, which was exhausting as the climax approached. With many minor problems of plot and mechanism he had written, torn up, and rewritten many times. His reward was to hear both [[C.S. Lewis]] and [[Charles Williams]] state that the latest chapters were the best so far. [[Gollum]] continued to develop most intriguingly.

{{letters}}

Turamarth

2014-04-23T11:20:11Z

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'''Turamarth''' is [[Sindarin]] for "Master of Doom", a title [[Túrin]] gave himself while living in the forest of [[Brethil]] in the [[First Age]].
==Etymology==
''[[tur]]'' "master, lord" and ''[[amarth]]'' "doom"
==Cognates==
*[[Quenya]] ''Turambar''

[[Category:Sindarin names]]

House of the Golden Flower

2014-04-14T21:42:19Z

Pfstrack: /* History */

<center>{{quote|Yellow flowers have fared thither and blow ever now about that mound in those unkindly places; but the folk of the Golden Flower wept at its building and might not dry their tears.|''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', [[The Fall of Gondolin]]}}</center>[[File:Narfil Palùrfalas - House-of-the-Golden-Flower.jpg|left|100px]]

The '''House of the Golden Flower''' was an [[Eldar]]in noble House, one of the [[Twelve Houses of the Gondothlim|Twelve Houses]] of [[Gondolin]]. [[Glorfindel of Gondolin|Glorfindel]] was its lord, and its device was that of a rayed sun.
==History==
When the forces of [[Angband]] [[Fall of Gondolin|attacked Gondolin]], the strength of the Golden Flower was in the [[Great Market]], on the east part of the city, where they were ambushed by a host of [[Orcs]] led by [[Balrogs]]. For hours they fought, until a [[Fire-drakes|Fire-drake]] came and killed many of them. There were only a few survivors, among them Glorfindel.

The [[House of the Harp]] was sent to their aid, but its lord [[Salgant]] wished to betray them. However, the men of his house rebelled against him and they rushed to the aid of the Golden Flower, many of them being killed in that market.

Eventually Balrogs and [[Dragons]] who reinforced [[Morgoth]]'s army breached the walls of Gondolin, and the House of the Golden Flower, along with the remaining houses, moved towards the [[Square of the King]]. Further on, many lost their lives holding the rear for those who retreated towards [[Idril's secret way]]. The few remaining members assisted helpless to their Lord's death during his fight with the Balrog.

==References==
*''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', [[The Fall of Gondolin]]

==See Also==
* [[Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim]]
* [[Glorfindel]]

{{Template:HousesofGondolin}}
[[Category:Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim]]
[[de:Haus der Goldenen Blume]]

House of the Golden Flower

2014-04-14T21:41:28Z

Pfstrack: /* History */

<center>{{quote|Yellow flowers have fared thither and blow ever now about that mound in those unkindly places; but the folk of the Golden Flower wept at its building and might not dry their tears.|''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', [[The Fall of Gondolin]]}}</center>[[File:Narfil Palùrfalas - House-of-the-Golden-Flower.jpg|left|100px]]

The '''House of the Golden Flower''' was an [[Eldar]]in noble House, one of the [[Twelve Houses of the Gondothlim|Twelve Houses]] of [[Gondolin]]. [[Glorfindel of Gondolin|Glorfindel]] was its lord, and its device was that of a rayed sun.
==History==
When the forces of [[Angband]] [[Fall of Gondolin|attacked Gondolin]], the strength of the Golden Flower was in the [[Great Market]], on the east part of the city, where they were ambushed by a host of [[Orcs]] led by [[Balrogs]]. For hours they fought, until a [[Fire-drakes|Fire-drake]] came and killed many of them. There were only a few survivors, among them Glorfindel.

The [[House of the Harp]] was sent to their aid, but its lord [[Salgant]] wished to betray them. However, the men of his house rebelled against him and they rushed to the aid of the Golden Flower, many of them being killed in that market.

Eventually Balrogs and [[Dragons]] who reinforced [[Morgoth]]'s army breached the walls of Gondolin, and , the House of the Golden Flower, along with the remaining houses, moved towards the [[Square of the King]]. Further on, many lost their lives holding the rear for those who retreated towards [[Idril's secret way]]. The few remaining members assisted helpless to their Lord's death during his fight with the Balrog.

==References==
*''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part Two]]'', [[The Fall of Gondolin]]

==See Also==
* [[Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim]]
* [[Glorfindel]]

{{Template:HousesofGondolin}}
[[Category:Twelve Houses of the Gondolindrim]]
[[de:Haus der Goldenen Blume]]

Common Eldarin

2014-04-14T19:57:18Z

Pfstrack: /* Origin */

'''Common Eldarin''' is the tongue of the ancient [[Eldar]] of the [[Great March]]. It is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_common_ancestor last common ancestor] of all known [[Elvish]] languages (broken into [[Quenya]] and [[Common Telerin]] branches).
==Grammatical note==
Common Eldarin presented the ending of -r as a plural marker of uninflected verbal stems.<ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 103</ref>

==Origin==
Common [[Eldarin]] is an evolution of [[Primitive Quendian]], the original language of all [[Quendi]] (or Elves), developing after the Eldar left [[Cuiviénen]] for [[Valinor]]. As the years passed, the language of those traveling Elves became diverged from the one spoken before the March. By the time they reached [[Beleriand]], dialects of Common Eldarin had already begun to develop.

Since the Eldar dominate the annals of the [[Elder Days]], all the [[Elvish]] languages that are described in detail come from this branch. The [[Avarin]] languages followed a wholly different evolution, distinct from Common Eldarin, and the changes presented here may not have applied during the evolution of those languages.

At least at one point, the changes reflected coexisting alternative forms of PQ. For example, the pairs of endings ''[[-ô]]'' (m), ''[[-ê]]'' (f) and ''[[-û]]'' (m), ''[[-î]]'' (f). This is mirrored in the evolution of short ''-u'' becoming ''-o'' and the short ''-i'' becoming ''-e''.

==Evolution from Primitive Quendian==
During the Great March, minor changes to the Primitive Quendian brought the later Eldarin languages. These changes had to do with several developments of the word-forms, usually normalization. For example:

;Medial ''h'' was lost
:PQ: ''-[[hô]]'' > CE: ''[[-ô]]''

;"Difficult" consonant clusters, usually those with nasals (like ''bm'' and ''dn''), were rearranged
:PQ: ''[[labmâ]]'' (root [[LAB]]) > CE: ''[[lambâ]]''
:PQ: ''[[stabnê]]'' ([[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[STAB]]) > CE ''[[stambê]]''

;''ȝt'' > ''cht''
:PQ: ''[[maȝtâ]]'' (root [[MAȜ]]) > CE: ''[[mahtâ]]'' (pronounced ''machta'')

;Final short ''-a, -e, -o'' are [[apocope|lost]], sometimes producing a long monosyllable as their trace
:PQ: ''[[ndêro]]'' > CE: ''[[ndæ^r|ndæ̂r]]''<ref>{{HM|LR}}, ''[[The Etymologies]]'' root [[NDER]]</ref>
:(''[[kwende]]'' > ''[[quendë]]'' is an exception)

;Final short ''-i, -u'' became ''-e, -o''
:PQ: ''[[maȝiti]]'' > CE: *''maȝite''
:PQ: ''[[RAK|ranku]]'' > CE: *''[[ranko]]''

;Other minor changes
:PQ: ''[[wo]]'' > CE: ''[[wa]]''

;''a'' infiction in some stems which produced new diphthongs like ''ae, ao''
:PQ: *''melâ'' ([[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[MEL]]) > CE *''maelâ''<ref>[[Vinyar Tengwar 39]] p. 10</ref>

;final long ''-â, -ê, -î, -ô, -û'' became short (later stage)
:CE: ''[[stambê]]'' > ''[[stambe]]''
:CE: ''[[mahtâ]]'' > ''[[mahta]]''
:CE: ''[[lambâ]]'' > ''[[lamba]]''

At some point, dialects separated the uniformity of that language, and produced the [[Common Telerin]] branch.
{{references}}

==External links==
*[http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/primelv.htm#Heading9 Common Eldarin discussion under Primitive Elvish] in [[Ardalambion]]
[[Category:Elvish]]
[[fr:encyclo/langues/eldarin_commun]]

Common Eldarin

2014-04-14T19:50:03Z

Pfstrack: /* Grammatical note */

'''Common Eldarin''' is the tongue of the ancient [[Eldar]] of the [[Great March]]. It is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_common_ancestor last common ancestor] of all known [[Elvish]] languages (broken into [[Quenya]] and [[Common Telerin]] branches).
==Grammatical note==
Common Eldarin presented the ending of -r as a plural marker of uninflected verbal stems.<ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 103</ref>

==Origin==
Common [[Eldarin]] is an evolution of [[Primitive Quendian]], the original language of all [[Quendi]], or Elves, until the Eldar left [[Cuiviénen]] for [[Valinor]]. As the years passed, the language of those traveler Elves became a little different than the one spoken before the March. By the time they reached [[Beleriand]], dialects had already been formed.

Since the Eldar dominate the annals of the [[Elder Days]], all the [[Elvish]] languages that appear, come from this branch. The [[Avarin]] languages possibly followed a wholly different evolution, outside Common Eldarin, and the changes presented here, may not have applied during the evolution of their languages.

At least at one point, the changes reflected coexisting alternative forms of PQ. For example, the pairs of endings ''[[-ô]]'' (m), ''[[-ê]]'' (f) and ''[[-û]]'' (m), ''[[-î]]'' (f). This is mirrored in the evolution of short ''-u'' becoming ''-o'' and the short ''-i'' becoming ''-e''.

==Evolution from Primitive Quendian==
During the Great March, minor changes to the Primitive Quendian brought the later Eldarin languages. These changes had to do with several developments of the word-forms, usually normalization. For example:

;Medial ''h'' was lost
:PQ: ''-[[hô]]'' > CE: ''[[-ô]]''

;"Difficult" consonant clusters, usually those with nasals (like ''bm'' and ''dn''), were rearranged
:PQ: ''[[labmâ]]'' (root [[LAB]]) > CE: ''[[lambâ]]''
:PQ: ''[[stabnê]]'' ([[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[STAB]]) > CE ''[[stambê]]''

;''ȝt'' > ''cht''
:PQ: ''[[maȝtâ]]'' (root [[MAȜ]]) > CE: ''[[mahtâ]]'' (pronounced ''machta'')

;Final short ''-a, -e, -o'' are [[apocope|lost]], sometimes producing a long monosyllable as their trace
:PQ: ''[[ndêro]]'' > CE: ''[[ndæ^r|ndæ̂r]]''<ref>{{HM|LR}}, ''[[The Etymologies]]'' root [[NDER]]</ref>
:(''[[kwende]]'' > ''[[quendë]]'' is an exception)

;Final short ''-i, -u'' became ''-e, -o''
:PQ: ''[[maȝiti]]'' > CE: *''maȝite''
:PQ: ''[[RAK|ranku]]'' > CE: *''[[ranko]]''

;Other minor changes
:PQ: ''[[wo]]'' > CE: ''[[wa]]''

;''a'' infiction in some stems which produced new diphthongs like ''ae, ao''
:PQ: *''melâ'' ([[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[MEL]]) > CE *''maelâ''<ref>[[Vinyar Tengwar 39]] p. 10</ref>

;final long ''-â, -ê, -î, -ô, -û'' became short (later stage)
:CE: ''[[stambê]]'' > ''[[stambe]]''
:CE: ''[[mahtâ]]'' > ''[[mahta]]''
:CE: ''[[lambâ]]'' > ''[[lamba]]''

At some point, dialects separated the uniformity of that language, and produced the [[Common Telerin]] branch.
{{references}}

==External links==
*[http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/primelv.htm#Heading9 Common Eldarin discussion under Primitive Elvish] in [[Ardalambion]]
[[Category:Elvish]]
[[fr:encyclo/langues/eldarin_commun]]

Common Eldarin

2014-04-14T19:49:31Z

Pfstrack:

'''Common Eldarin''' is the tongue of the ancient [[Eldar]] of the [[Great March]]. It is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_common_ancestor last common ancestor] of all known [[Elvish]] languages (broken into [[Quenya]] and [[Common Telerin]] branches).
==Grammatical note==
Common Eldarin presented the ending of -r as a plural marker ofr uninflected verbal stems.<ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 103</ref>

==Origin==
Common [[Eldarin]] is an evolution of [[Primitive Quendian]], the original language of all [[Quendi]], or Elves, until the Eldar left [[Cuiviénen]] for [[Valinor]]. As the years passed, the language of those traveler Elves became a little different than the one spoken before the March. By the time they reached [[Beleriand]], dialects had already been formed.

Since the Eldar dominate the annals of the [[Elder Days]], all the [[Elvish]] languages that appear, come from this branch. The [[Avarin]] languages possibly followed a wholly different evolution, outside Common Eldarin, and the changes presented here, may not have applied during the evolution of their languages.

At least at one point, the changes reflected coexisting alternative forms of PQ. For example, the pairs of endings ''[[-ô]]'' (m), ''[[-ê]]'' (f) and ''[[-û]]'' (m), ''[[-î]]'' (f). This is mirrored in the evolution of short ''-u'' becoming ''-o'' and the short ''-i'' becoming ''-e''.

==Evolution from Primitive Quendian==
During the Great March, minor changes to the Primitive Quendian brought the later Eldarin languages. These changes had to do with several developments of the word-forms, usually normalization. For example:

;Medial ''h'' was lost
:PQ: ''-[[hô]]'' > CE: ''[[-ô]]''

;"Difficult" consonant clusters, usually those with nasals (like ''bm'' and ''dn''), were rearranged
:PQ: ''[[labmâ]]'' (root [[LAB]]) > CE: ''[[lambâ]]''
:PQ: ''[[stabnê]]'' ([[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[STAB]]) > CE ''[[stambê]]''

;''ȝt'' > ''cht''
:PQ: ''[[maȝtâ]]'' (root [[MAȜ]]) > CE: ''[[mahtâ]]'' (pronounced ''machta'')

;Final short ''-a, -e, -o'' are [[apocope|lost]], sometimes producing a long monosyllable as their trace
:PQ: ''[[ndêro]]'' > CE: ''[[ndæ^r|ndæ̂r]]''<ref>{{HM|LR}}, ''[[The Etymologies]]'' root [[NDER]]</ref>
:(''[[kwende]]'' > ''[[quendë]]'' is an exception)

;Final short ''-i, -u'' became ''-e, -o''
:PQ: ''[[maȝiti]]'' > CE: *''maȝite''
:PQ: ''[[RAK|ranku]]'' > CE: *''[[ranko]]''

;Other minor changes
:PQ: ''[[wo]]'' > CE: ''[[wa]]''

;''a'' infiction in some stems which produced new diphthongs like ''ae, ao''
:PQ: *''melâ'' ([[Sundocarmë|Root]] [[MEL]]) > CE *''maelâ''<ref>[[Vinyar Tengwar 39]] p. 10</ref>

;final long ''-â, -ê, -î, -ô, -û'' became short (later stage)
:CE: ''[[stambê]]'' > ''[[stambe]]''
:CE: ''[[mahtâ]]'' > ''[[mahta]]''
:CE: ''[[lambâ]]'' > ''[[lamba]]''

At some point, dialects separated the uniformity of that language, and produced the [[Common Telerin]] branch.
{{references}}

==External links==
*[http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/primelv.htm#Heading9 Common Eldarin discussion under Primitive Elvish] in [[Ardalambion]]
[[Category:Elvish]]
[[fr:encyclo/langues/eldarin_commun]]

Front Porch

2014-03-21T14:54:46Z

Pfstrack:

The '''Front Porch''' was the name that the [[Orcs|goblins]] of [[Goblin-town]] gave to a cave that opened onto the [[High Pass]] in the [[Misty Mountains]]. It was marked by a large rock standing in the path, behind which was a low arch and narrow opening into the mountain. The cave was just large enough to accommodate [[Thorin]], the other dwarves, [[Bilbo Baggins]], [[Gandalf]], and all their ponies during the thunder-battle in the mountains.<ref name="hill">{{H|Hill}}</ref>

[[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]] discovered the cave and reported it empty. Upon entry, [[Gandalf]] lit his wand and explored it thoroughly. Satisfied, the company dried out and relaxed before falling asleep. Fortunately, Bilbo had a nightmare about a crack opening in the wall of the cave and upon waking found that his dream was partially true. Goblins had already stolen the ponies through a real crack in the wall when Bilbo let out a very loud yell. The goblins then captured Bilbo and the Dwarves, but the yell had woken up Gandalf, who escaped with a lightning-like flash that killed several of the goblins.<ref name="hill"/>
{{references}}
[[Category:Caves]]

Last stand of Balin's folk

2014-03-09T07:42:43Z

Pfstrack: /* Aftermath */

{{Unnamed}}
{{Battle
|image=
|name=Last Stand of Balin's Colony
|conflict=Incursion of the Orc's on Balin's Colony in Moria
|date={{TA|2994}}<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref><ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>
|place=[[Chamber of Mazarbul]], [[Moria]]
|result=Extermination of Balin's Colony in Moria
|side1=Balin's Colony of [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves from Erebor]]
|side2=Orcs
|commanders1=[[Ori]]†
|commanders2=Unknown
|forces1=Very few; the remainder of the Colony
|forces2=Many<ref name="Bridge"/>
|casual1=All
|casual2=Unknown
}}
The '''Last Stand of Balin's Colony''' was the final confrontation that took place between [[Balin's Colony]] of [[Dwarves]], and the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] in the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]] in {{TA|2994}}.

==Prelude==
Four years after bringing a group of Dwarves from [[Erebor]] to attempt to resettle the once Dwarf-city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], [[Balin]] was killed by an Orc arrow while peering into Lake [[Mirrormere]], and his people became immediately engaged with many Orcs coming of up the [[Silverlode]] River. After a continuous retreat from the [[East-gate]] and [[First Hall]], then the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]] and [[Second Hall]], the remaining [[Longbeards]] were forced all the way back into the [[Twenty-first Hall]]. <ref name="Bridge"/>
After an unsuccessful attempt to escape through the [[Doors of Durin]] that saw the death of [[Óin]], the Chamber of Mazarbul became the last hold-out of the Colony after losing the Twenty-first Hall just outside chamber. Barring the gates, [[Ori]] and the few survivors set up a final defense.<ref name="Bridge"/>

==Opposing Forces==
Of the Dwarves there were very few. Four were all that returned of Óin’s group, and Ori is the only one who is known for sure. With so little information we can’t precisely know how many there were. However we do know that their remains were left at both sets of door in the Chamber of Mazarbul<ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>,which considering the size of the area would mean no more than thirty or forty could have remained.

Of the Orcs we know that they were many.<ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref> It is also a possibility that Trolls could have been present with the Orcs too as was seen over [[Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul|twenty years later]].<ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

==The Battle==
As the Orcs were besieging the chamber, Ori wrote his final account of the Colony's history in the [[Book of Mazarbul]]. Soon after the Orcs breached the doors, and [[Ori]] and his kinsmen made their final stand at both entrances; eventually succumbing to the onslaught of Orcs, and their treasures plundered, and their bodies left desecrated.<ref name="Bridge"/>

==Aftermath==
With the Colony obliterated, no news or reports came to Erebor, and concern grew as the years past. After 24 years, King [[Dáin Ironfoot]] sent [[Glóin]], the brother of Óin, to [[Rivendell]] to see if Lord [[Elrond]] would have any information. <ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref>
Glóin's son [[Gimli]] later went to Moria with the [[Company of the Ring]] and discovered the Chamber of Mazarbul, Book of the same name, and truth as to what happened to his kinsmen.<ref name="Bridge"/>

{{References}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]

Last stand of Balin's folk

2014-03-09T07:41:42Z

Pfstrack: /* Opposing Forces */

{{Unnamed}}
{{Battle
|image=
|name=Last Stand of Balin's Colony
|conflict=Incursion of the Orc's on Balin's Colony in Moria
|date={{TA|2994}}<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref><ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>
|place=[[Chamber of Mazarbul]], [[Moria]]
|result=Extermination of Balin's Colony in Moria
|side1=Balin's Colony of [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves from Erebor]]
|side2=Orcs
|commanders1=[[Ori]]†
|commanders2=Unknown
|forces1=Very few; the remainder of the Colony
|forces2=Many<ref name="Bridge"/>
|casual1=All
|casual2=Unknown
}}
The '''Last Stand of Balin's Colony''' was the final confrontation that took place between [[Balin's Colony]] of [[Dwarves]], and the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] in the [[Chamber of Mazarbul]] in {{TA|2994}}.

==Prelude==
Four years after bringing a group of Dwarves from [[Erebor]] to attempt to resettle the once Dwarf-city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], [[Balin]] was killed by an Orc arrow while peering into Lake [[Mirrormere]], and his people became immediately engaged with many Orcs coming of up the [[Silverlode]] River. After a continuous retreat from the [[East-gate]] and [[First Hall]], then the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]] and [[Second Hall]], the remaining [[Longbeards]] were forced all the way back into the [[Twenty-first Hall]]. <ref name="Bridge"/>
After an unsuccessful attempt to escape through the [[Doors of Durin]] that saw the death of [[Óin]], the Chamber of Mazarbul became the last hold-out of the Colony after losing the Twenty-first Hall just outside chamber. Barring the gates, [[Ori]] and the few survivors set up a final defense.<ref name="Bridge"/>

==Opposing Forces==
Of the Dwarves there were very few. Four were all that returned of Óin’s group, and Ori is the only one who is known for sure. With so little information we can’t precisely know how many there were. However we do know that their remains were left at both sets of door in the Chamber of Mazarbul<ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>,which considering the size of the area would mean no more than thirty or forty could have remained.

Of the Orcs we know that they were many.<ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref> It is also a possibility that Trolls could have been present with the Orcs too as was seen over [[Battle of the Chamber of Mazarbul|twenty years later]].<ref name="Bridge">{{FR|Bridge}}</ref>

==The Battle==
As the Orcs were besieging the chamber, Ori wrote his final account of the Colony's history in the [[Book of Mazarbul]]. Soon after the Orcs breached the doors, and [[Ori]] and his kinsmen made their final stand at both entrances; eventually succumbing to the onslaught of Orcs, and their treasures plundered, and their bodies left desecrated.<ref name="Bridge"/>

==Aftermath==
With the Colony obliterated, no news or reports came to Erebor, and concern grew as the years past. after 24 years, King [[Dáin Ironfoot]] sent [[Glóin]], the brother of Óin, to [[Rivendell]] to see if Lord [[Elrond]] would have any information. <ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref>
Glóin's son [[Gimli]] later went to Moria with the [[Company of the Ring]] and discovered the Chamber of Mazarbul, Book of the same name, and truth as to what happened to his kinsmen.<ref name="Bridge"/>

{{References}}
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]

Telumehtar

2014-03-09T07:36:41Z

Pfstrack:

:''This article is about the constellation. For the king of [[Gondor]], see [[Telumehtar Umbardacil]].''
'''Telumehtar''' ([[Quenya]] "Warrior of the Sky") is another name of the constellation [[Menelmacar]]. It is known in our world as [[Wikipedia:Orion| Orion]].

Behind this name lies an early story about a [[Valar|Vala]] named [[Telimektar]], son of [[Tulkas]], who apparently was converted into the constellation of Orion<ref>{{HM|LT1}}</ref>. Apart from the story of [[Telimektar]] there are two mentions of Telumehtar the Constellation:

# The name is quoted as an example of the pronunciation of the consonant /H/ with a reference to Orion, explained in a footnote: "usually called in [[Sindarin]] [[Menelvagor]], --- Q[uenya] Menelmacar".<ref>{{App|E1i}} (entry concerning the pronounciation of H)</ref>
# With the translation "''Warrior of the Sky''", as an older name for [[Menelmakil]], Orion.<ref>{{WJ|Author}} (Note 15, p. 411)</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Constellations]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Menelmacar#Andere Namen:]]
[[fr:/encyclo/geographie/astronomie/menelmacar]]
[[fi:Menelmacar]]

Aeglos (disambiguation)

2014-03-09T04:18:47Z

Pfstrack:

'''''Aeglos''''', or '''''aiglos''''', means "Snowthorn" or "icicle" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[aeg]]'', "point" and ''[[loss]]'', "snow") and may refer to:

==Middle-earth==
* [[Aeglos (plant)|Aeglos]], a plant common to [[West Beleriand]].
* '''[[Aeglos (spear)|Aeglos]], the spear of [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]].'''
==Fandom==
* ''[[Aiglos (journal)]]'', the biannual journal of the [[Sekcja Tolkienowska ŚKF|Polish Tolkien Society]].

{{disambig}}
[[de:Aeglos]]
[[fi:Aeglos]]

Vairë

2014-03-09T02:49:53Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

{{valar infobox
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Vaire.jpg|250px]]
| name=Vairë
| pronun=
| othernames=Gwîr
| titles=
| position=Weaver of Time
| location=[[Halls of Mandos]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Mandos|Námo]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Vairë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈvaɪre]}}) was a [[Valar|Valië]] and the wife of [[Mandos]], and was responsible for weaving the story of the World.

Vairë was counted among the Valier, the Queens of the Valar; though not as great in power or prestige as some, her "storied webs" covered the Halls of Mandos, where she lived.
==Etymology==
The [[Quenya]] name ''Vairë'' means "Weaver",<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> or "Ever-weaving", derived from the [[Sundocarme|root]] [[WIR]].<ref>{{VT|39a}}, pp. 10, 14 (form: ''Vaire'')</ref>

In the ''[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]'', Quenya ''Vaire'' ("Weaver") is a descendant form of [[Primitive Quendian]] ''weirē'', deriving from [[Sundocarme|root]] [[WEY]] ("wind, weave").<ref name=LR/>

Her [[Noldorin]] name is said to be '''''Gwîr''''' ("Weaver").<ref name=LR>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 398</ref> An early, [[Gnomish]] version of her name was ''Gwairil''.<ref>{{PE|15}}, pp. 6, 7, 9</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
A different Vairë appeared in some of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s earliest writings. In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'', she was an [[Elves|Elf]] of [[Tol Eressëa]]. She and her husband Lindo tell the stories that would become the [[Quenta Silmarillion|Silmarillion]] to the human mariner [[Ælfwine]]/Eriol. Her role as storyteller may have influenced the naming of the Vala responsible for recording stories.

{{References}}

{{Ainur}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaire}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Vaire (Valie)]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/vaire]]
[[fi:Vairë]]

Vairë

2014-03-08T19:33:35Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

{{valar infobox
| image=[[File:Alice Falto - Vaire.jpg|250px]]
| name=Vairë
| pronun=
| othernames=Gwîr
| titles=
| position=Weaver of Time
| location=[[Halls of Mandos]]
| affiliation=
| language=
| notablefor=
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Mandos|Námo]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Vairë''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈvaɪre]}}) was a [[Valar|Valië]] and the wife of [[Mandos]], and was responsible for weaving the story of the World.

Vairë was counted among the Valier, the Queens of the Valar; though not as great in power or prestige as some, her "storied webs" covered the Halls of Mandos, where she lived.
==Etymology==
The [[Quenya]] name ''Vairë'' means "Weaver",<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> or "Ever-weaving", derived from the [[Sundocarme|root]] WIR.<ref>{{VT|39a}}, pp. 10, 14 (form: ''Vaire'')</ref>

In the ''[[The Etymologies|Etymologies]]'', Quenya ''Vaire'' ("Weaver") is a descendant form of [[Primitive Quendian]] ''weirē'', deriving from [[Sundocarme|root]] WEY ("wind, weave").<ref name=LR/>

Her [[Noldorin]] name is said to be '''''Gwîr''''' ("Weaver").<ref name=LR>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 398</ref> An early, [[Gnomish]] version of her name was ''Gwairil''.<ref>{{PE|15}}, pp. 6, 7, 9</ref>

==Other versions of the legendarium==
A different Vairë appeared in some of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s earliest writings. In ''[[The Book of Lost Tales Part One]]'', she was an [[Elves|Elf]] of [[Tol Eressëa]]. She and her husband Lindo tell the stories that would become the [[Quenta Silmarillion|Silmarillion]] to the human mariner [[Ælfwine]]/Eriol. Her role as storyteller may have influenced the naming of the Vala responsible for recording stories.

{{References}}

{{Ainur}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaire}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Valar]]

[[de:Vaire (Valie)]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/ainur/valar/vaire]]
[[fi:Vairë]]

Hallacar

2014-03-07T23:56:22Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

{{numenorean infobox
| image=
| name=Hallacar
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=Lord of [[Hyarastorni]]
| position=
| location=[[Númenor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Adûnaic]] and [[Sindarin]]
| birth={{SA|852}}<ref name="Early">{{UT|earlier}}</ref>
| birthlocation=
| rule=
| death={{SA|1211}}<ref name="Early"/>
| deathlocation=
| age=359
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Elros]]
| parentage=[[Hallatan]]
| siblings=[[Nessanië]]
| spouse=[[Tar-Ancalimë]]
| children=[[Tar-Anárion]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Hallacar''', the son of [[Hallatan]] of [[Hyarastorni]], was a descendant of [[Vardamir|Vardamir Nólimon]]. In {{SA|1000}}, [[Tar-Ancalimë|Ancalimë]], the daughter of [[Tar-Aldarion]] married him. After the birth of their son [[Tar-Anárion|Anárion]] in {{SA|1003|n}} there was strife between Hallacar and his wife.<ref>{{UT|Kings}}</ref>

Ancalimë was living in [[Emerië]], hiding on a farm bordering the lands of Hallatan to avoid suitors, when she met a shepherd named [[Mámandil]]. She enjoyed his company since he was a skilled singer and met him often in the pastures. Eventually he declared his love for her but Ancalimë demurred since she was the Heir of the King. Mamandil then revealed that he was actually Hallacar of the line of [[Elros]] and pressed his suit. Still, Ancalimë rejected him although they were later wed.

Accounts differ as to the particulars of their marriage. One version stated that Hallacar persisted in seeking her hand and that Ancalimë was pressured by the Council to accept him to bring quiet to the realm. Another version said that when her cousin [[Soronto]] called upon her to surrender the Heirship (which at the time required that a female Heir must resign if unwed beyond a certain limit), she married Hallacar to spite Soronto. Still another account suggested that Ancalimë married Hallacar after the provision had been removed, to ensure that Soronto could not become King if she were childless.

What was clear was that Ancalimë desired neither love nor a son. After Anárion was born she and Hallacar separated. The situation was not improved when Hallacar secretly arranged for her serving-women to become married, which the Queen had forbidden.<ref>{{UT|Wife}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Hallacar's name appears to mean "Tall Helmet" in [[Quenya]], from ''[[halla]]'' "tall" and ''car'', short from ''[[carma]]'', "helmet".

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | |VAR| | | | | | | | |VAR=[[Vardamir|Tar-Vardamir]]}}
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | |CEM| | | | | | | | |CEM=[[Cemendur (son of Axantur)|Cemendur]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree |IRI| |HTN| | | | | | |IRI=[[Írildë]]|HTN=[[Hallatan]]}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}
{{familytree | | |NES| |HCR|y|ANC|NES=[[Nessanië]]|HCR='''HALLACAR'''|ANC=[[Tar-Ancalimë]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | |ANA| | |ANA=[[Tar-Anárion]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{References}}
[[Category:House of Elros]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Hallacar]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:2a:numenoreens:hallacar]]
[[fi:Hallacar]]

Eldacar (King of Arnor)

2014-03-07T23:55:28Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

__NOTOC__
{{disambig-more|Eldacar|[[Eldacar (disambiguation)]]}}
{{arnorian infobox
| image=
| name=Eldacar
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[King of Arnor]]
| position=
| location=[[Arnor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|87}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|249}} - {{TA|339|n}}
| death={{TA|339}}
| deathlocation=
| age=252
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Isildur]]
| parentage=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]
| siblings=
| spouse=
| children=[[Arantar]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}
'''Eldacar''' ({{TA|87}}<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 192</ref> – {{TA|339|n}},<ref name="North">{{App|North}}</ref> died aged 252 years) was the fourth [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]].

==History==
Eldacar succeeded his father, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], when he died in {{TA|249}}. His father [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] was the only surviving son of [[Isildur]], the last [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of both [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]].

His reign was without any significant event, and he died in {{TA|339}} after having ruled [[Arnor]] for ninety years. He was succeeded by his son [[Arantar]].<ref name="North"/>

==Etymology==
Eldacar's name was [[Quenya]] for "Elf Helm", coming from ''[[elda]]'' meaning "elf", and the suffixal form ''-car'' of ''[[carma]]'' "helm".

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | |ISI| | | | | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree |ELE| |ARA| |CIR| |VAL|ELE=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]]|ARA=[[Aratan]]|CIR=[[Ciryon]]|VAL=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |ELD|ELD='''ELDACAR'''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |ART|ART=[[Arantar]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |TAR|TAR=[[Tarcil]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{references}}
{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=arnorian
| house=[[House of Isildur]] Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]
| born={{TA|87}}
| died={{TA|339}}
}}
{{seq
| prow=2
| prev=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]
| list=2nd [[Heir of Isildur|Heir]] of [[Isildur]]
| dates={{TA|249}} - {{TA|339|n}}
| next=[[Arantar]]
| nrow=2
}}
{{seq
| list=4th [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]
| dates={{TA|249}} - {{TA|339|n}}
}}
{{seq-end}}
{{northernline}}
{{title}}
[[Category:House of Isildur]]
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]
[[de:Eldacar (König von Arnor)]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:3a:dunedain:dunedain_du_nord:eldacar]]
[[fi:Eldacar (Arnorin kuningas)]]

Karma-kundo

2014-03-07T23:52:52Z

Pfstrack:

'''''Karma-kundo''''' was a title for [[Minalcar]] as the regent or crown prince of Gondor. It is translated "Helm-guardian".<ref>{{PM|Ai}}, p. 260</ref> In the orthography used in ''The Lord of the Rings'', this name would be written ''Carma-cundo'', since Tolkien usually represented the [k]-sound with the letter "c".

{{references}}

Karma-kundo

2014-03-07T23:51:17Z

Pfstrack: Created page with "'''''Karma-kundo''''' was a title for Minalcar as the regent or crown prince of Gondor. It is translated "Helm-guardian".<ref>{{PM|Ai}}, p. 260</ref> {{references}}"

'''''Karma-kundo''''' was a title for [[Minalcar]] as the regent or crown prince of Gondor. It is translated "Helm-guardian".<ref>{{PM|Ai}}, p. 260</ref>

{{references}}

Karma

2014-03-07T23:46:58Z

Pfstrack: Created page with "'''''Carma''''' is a Quenya word for "helm".<ref>{{PM|Ai}}, p. 260</ref> It often appears as ''-car'' in compounds.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 114</ref> ==Examples== * ''[[Karma-kund..."

'''''Carma''''' is a [[Quenya]] word for "helm".<ref>{{PM|Ai}}, p. 260</ref> It often appears as ''-car'' in compounds.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 114</ref>

==Examples==
* ''[[Karma-kundo]]'' "Helm-guardian"
* ''[[Eldacar]]'' "Elf-helm"
* ''[[Valacar]]''

{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

Valacar

2014-03-07T23:37:24Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

__NOTOC__
{{gondorian infobox
| image=
| name=Valacar
| pronun=
| othernames=
| titles=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| position=
| location=[[Gondor]]
| affiliation=
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth={{TA|1194}}
| birthlocation=
| rule={{TA|1366}} - {{TA|1432|n}} (66 years)
| death={{TA|1432}}
| deathlocation=
| age=238
| notablefor=
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| parentage=[[Rómendacil II]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Vidumavi]]
| children=[[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]]
| gender=Male
| height=
| hair=
| eyes=
| clothing=
| weapons=
| steed=
}}'''Valacar''' ({{TA|1194}}<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> – {{TA|1432|n}},<ref>{{App|South}}</ref> aged 238 years) was the twentieth [[King of Gondor]].

==History==
Valacar's father, [[Rómendacil II]], led a large army that in {{TA|1248}} defeated the [[Easterlings]] in the lands beyond the [[Anduin]]. In this same region also dwelt numerous groups of [[Northmen]], of which the most powerful was [[Vidugavia]], who aided [[Gondor]] in the fight against the Easterlings. Rómendacil wished to strengthen the bond with the "[[King of Rhovanion]]", so in {{TA|1250|n}} he sent Valacar as Gondor's ambassador to Vidugavia.<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>

Valacar was charged with learning the language, manners, and policies of the [[Northmen]]. What was not foreseen was that he would become so enamoured of the people and lands of the North that he would want to marry Vidugavia's daughter, [[Vidumavi]].<ref name="Gondor"/> Rómendacil gave his consent to this marriage so as to not antagonize Vidugavia or the Northmen in Gondor's service. Valacar and Vidumavi continued to live in the north and produced a son named [[Vinitharya]], after the fashion of Vidumavi's people. Rómendacil finally recalled his son to Gondor in {{TA|1260|n}}; when Valacar arrived he brought his family as well as a household of noble men and women from the North.<ref>{{PM|Ai}}</ref>

The news that the heir to the throne had married a woman of a lesser and alien race did not sit well with the high men of Gondor. Vidumavi was short-lived according to the measure of the [[Dúnedain]] and they feared that her descendants would prove likewise, thus diminishing the majesty of Gondor's royalty. This fear, plus the distaste of the people of Gondor for the Northmen who had come into the realm, led to unrest and then rebellion (especially in the southern fiefs) when Valacar grew old. Upon his death Valacar's son, now called [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], had to face civil war during the period called the [[Kin-strife]].<ref name="Gondor"/>

==Etymology==
The name ''Valacar'' is [[Quenya]], a compound of ''[[Vala]]'' and the suffixal form ''-car'' of ''[[carma]]'' "helm", also seen in [[Eldacar]] "Elf-helm".<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 114</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | | | | | |CAL| | |CAL=[[Calmacil (King of Gondor)|Calmacil]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}
{{familytree|VDG| |MIN| |CLM|VDG=[[Vidugavia]]|MIN=[[Rómendacil II]]|CLM=[[Calimehtar (son of Calmacil)|Calimehtar]]}}
{{familytree| |!| | | |!| | | |:| |}}
{{familytree|VID|y|VAL| | |:| |VID=[[Vidumavi]]|VAL='''VALACAR'''}}
{{familytree| | | |!| | | | | |:| |}}
{{familytree| | |VIN| | | |CAS|VIN=[[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]]|CAS=[[Castamir]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

{{references}}

{{seq-start}}
{{seq-head
| race=gondorian
| house=[[House of Anárion]]
| born={{TA|1194}}
| died={{TA|1432}}
}}
{{seq
| prev=[[Rómendacil II]]
| list=20th [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]
| dates={{TA|1366}} - {{TA|1432|n}}
| next=[[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]]
}}
{{seq-end}}
[[Category:Gondorians]]
[[Category:House of Anárion]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]
[[de:Valacar]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/valacar]]
[[fi:Valacar]]

Ambartanen

2014-03-04T03:23:36Z

Pfstrack:

'''''ambartanen''''' is [[Quenya]] for "by doomed", as an example from [[The Silmarillion]] is shown below:

:''A Túrin Turambar turún' ambartanen''
:Master of Doom by doom mastered<ref>{{CH|17}}, pp. 243-244</ref>

{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya adjectives]]

Soron

2014-02-16T23:01:25Z

Pfstrack:

'''Soron''' (archaic '''þoron''') means "[[Eagles|eagle]]" in [[Quenya]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''thoron''</ref> The form ''soron'' may only be the form of this word used in compounds. As an independent word, Tolkien wrote it as '''sorno''' in a letter from 1972.<ref name="let">{{L|347}}, p. 426-7</ref> Earlier, in the Etymologies of the 1930s, ''soron'' "eagle" appeared beside an alternate form '''sorne''', but its plural form ''sorni'' ("eagles") indicated that ''sorne'' was the common form.<ref name="etym">{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''THOR'''</ref>

==Examples==

* ''[[Sorontar]]''
* ''[[Sorontil]]''
* ''[[Soronúmë]]''

==Etymology==

This word derives from the [[Primitive Quendian|primitive]] '''þoronō'''<ref name="let">{{L|347}}, p. 426-7</ref> from the [[Sundocarme|root]] [[THORON]] "eagle", an extension of the root [[THOR]] "come swooping down".<ref name="etym">{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''THOR'''</ref> In the development of Quenya words from [[Common Eldarin]], a short vowel that follows another vowel of the same quality was lost<ref name="let">{{L|347}}, p. 426-7</ref>, so that primitive ''þoronō'' developed into ''þorno'' and then ''sorno''.

{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

Soron

2014-02-16T22:54:05Z

Pfstrack:

'''Soron''' (archaic '''þoron''') means "eagle" in [[Quenya]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, ''thoron''</ref> The form ''soron'' may only be the form of this word used in compounds. As an independent word, Tolkien wrote it as '''sorno''' in a letter from 1972.<ref name="let">{{L|347}}, p. 426-7</ref> Earlier, in the Etymologies of the 1930s, ''soron'' "eagle" appeared beside an alternate form '''sorne''', but its plural form ''sorni'' ("eagles") indicated that ''sorne'' was the common form.<ref name="etym">{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''THOR'''</ref>

==Etymology==

This word derives from the [[Primitive Quendian|primitive]] '''þoronō'''<ref name="let">{{L|347}}, p. 426-7</ref> from the [[Sundocarme|root]] [[THORON]] "eagle", an extension of the root [[THOR]] "come swooping down".<ref name="etym">{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''THOR'''</ref> In the development of Quenya words from [[Common Eldarin]], a short vowel that follows another vowel of the same quality was lost<ref name="let">{{L|347}}, p. 426-7</ref>, so that primitive ''þoronō'' developed into ''þorno'' and then ''sorno''.

{{references}}
{{title|lowercase}}
[[Category:Quenya nouns]]

Soronúmë

2014-02-16T22:15:52Z

Pfstrack:

'''Soronúmë''' was one of the constellations that [[Varda]] traced in the sky with the dews of [[Telperion]], before the [[Awakening of the Elves]].<ref>{{S|Captivity}}</ref> The name means "Eagle of the West" in [[Quenya]] (from ''[[soron]]'', "[[eagle]]" and ''[[númen|númë]]'', "[[West (disambiguation)|West]]"). The translation suggests a connection with the constellation we know today as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquila_%28constellation%29 Aquila], but this was never confirmed by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]].

{{references}}
{{cosmology}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Soronume}}
[[Category:Constellations]]
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[de:Soronúme]]
[[fr:/encyclo/geographie/astronomie/soronume]]
[[fi:Soronúmë]]

Telperion

2014-02-15T17:56:45Z

Pfstrack: /* Names */

{{disambig-more|White Tree|[[White Tree (disambiguation)]]}}
'''Telperion''' ([[Quenya|Q]] pron. {{IPA|[telˈperi.on]}}) was the elder of the [[Two Trees of Valinor]], called the '''White Tree''', which shed silver light on the domain of the [[Valar]]. His leaves were of dark green, shining silver beneath, and his boughs were decked with brilliant flowers that shed a rain of silver dew.
==History==
Telperion endured throughout the [[Years of the Trees]], but came to an end in the dreadful event known as the [[Darkening of Valinor]]. Even though the elder tree did not survive, he was not the last of the White Trees. Yavanna had made an image of him in [[Tirion]], called [[Galathilion]], from whom the [[White Tree of Númenor|White Trees of Númenor]] and later of [[White Tree of Minas Tirith|Minas Tirith]] were descended. More importantly, one of Telperion's flowers survived the Darkening, and was set aloft by the Valar; this was the light we call the [[Moon]].

==Etymology==
''Telperion'' comes from ''[[telepi]]'' "silver". The exact etymology of the ending ''-rion'' is not entirely clear, but it can mean something like "great wreathed one" (Cf. ''[[ría]], [[rielle]]'').

The [[Quenya]] form was actually ''Tyelperion'' but Quenya adopted ''[[telpë]]'' from [[Telerin]].<ref>[[Unfinished Tales]] p. 266</ref>

==Names==

Another [[Quenya]] name for Telperion was '''Silpion'''<ref>{{MR|P2c}}, p. 59 (commentary to §5)</ref>. The exact meaning of this name is unclear, but it is derived from the root '''[[SIL]]''' "shine (with white or silver light)"<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, '''sil-'''</ref> or from the extended root '''[[SILIP]]'''<ref name="SILIP">{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''SIL'''</ref>. It was sometimes glossed the "White Tree of Valinor"<ref name="SILIP">{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''SIL'''</ref>, so "White Tree" is the best available translation.

'''''Ninquelótë''''' was a [[Quenya]] title of Telperion. ''Ninquelótë'' means "White Flower" or (perhaps more likely in this context) "White Blossom". The [[Sindarin]] equivalent of this Quenya name was [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]], and indeed that name was inherited by the White Tree that grew in the [[King's Court]] of [[Númenor]].

'''''Ibrīniðilpathānezel''''' was the name in [[Valarin]] of Telperion.<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}, p. 401</ref>

In early writings of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] Telperion's names were '''''Silpion''''', '''''Bansil''''' and '''''Belthil'''''.<ref>{{HM|HM}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | TEL | TEL=[[Telperion]] ''Destroyed {{YT|1495}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | }}
{{familytree | GAL | GAL=[[Galathilion]] ''Made in the image of Telperion''}}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | CEL | CEL=[[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]]}}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | NIM | NIM=[[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]] ''Destroyed after {{SA|3262}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | G1 | G1=[[White Tree of Gondor#First White Tree|First tree]] of Gondor ''c. {{SA|3320}} -{{SA|3429}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | G2 | G2=[[White Tree of Gondor#Second White Tree|Second tree]] of Gondor ''{{TA|2}} - {{TA|1636}}'' }}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | G3 | G3=[[White Tree of Gondor#Third White Tree|Third tree]] of Gondor ''{{TA|1640}} - {{TA|2852}}'' }}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | G4 | G4=[[White Tree of Gondor#Fourth White Tree|Fourth tree]] of Gondor ''15 June {{TA|3019}} - unknown''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==See also==
*[[Silmo]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Telerin names]]
[[Category:Trees]]
[[Category:Valinor]]
[[fr:encyclo/biologie/flore/telperion]]

Telperion

2014-02-15T17:56:15Z

Pfstrack:

{{disambig-more|White Tree|[[White Tree (disambiguation)]]}}
'''Telperion''' ([[Quenya|Q]] pron. {{IPA|[telˈperi.on]}}) was the elder of the [[Two Trees of Valinor]], called the '''White Tree''', which shed silver light on the domain of the [[Valar]]. His leaves were of dark green, shining silver beneath, and his boughs were decked with brilliant flowers that shed a rain of silver dew.
==History==
Telperion endured throughout the [[Years of the Trees]], but came to an end in the dreadful event known as the [[Darkening of Valinor]]. Even though the elder tree did not survive, he was not the last of the White Trees. Yavanna had made an image of him in [[Tirion]], called [[Galathilion]], from whom the [[White Tree of Númenor|White Trees of Númenor]] and later of [[White Tree of Minas Tirith|Minas Tirith]] were descended. More importantly, one of Telperion's flowers survived the Darkening, and was set aloft by the Valar; this was the light we call the [[Moon]].

==Etymology==
''Telperion'' comes from ''[[telepi]]'' "silver". The exact etymology of the ending ''-rion'' is not entirely clear, but it can mean something like "great wreathed one" (Cf. ''[[ría]], [[rielle]]'').

The [[Quenya]] form was actually ''Tyelperion'' but Quenya adopted ''[[telpë]]'' from [[Telerin]].<ref>[[Unfinished Tales]] p. 266</ref>

==Names==

Another name [[Quenya]] for Telperion was '''Silpion'''<ref>{{MR|P2c}}, p. 59 (commentary to §5)</ref>. The exact meaning of this name is unclear, but it is derived from the root '''[[SIL]]''' "shine (with white or silver light)"<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, '''sil-'''</ref> or from the extended root '''[[SILIP]]'''<ref name="SILIP">{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''SIL'''</ref>. It was sometimes glossed the "White Tree of Valinor"<ref name="SILIP">{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''SIL'''</ref>, so "White Tree" is the best available translation.

'''''Ninquelótë''''' was a [[Quenya]] title of Telperion. ''Ninquelótë'' means "White Flower" or (perhaps more likely in this context) "White Blossom". The [[Sindarin]] equivalent of this Quenya name was [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]], and indeed that name was inherited by the White Tree that grew in the [[King's Court]] of [[Númenor]].

'''''Ibrīniðilpathānezel''''' was the name in [[Valarin]] of Telperion.<ref>{{WJ|AD1}}, p. 401</ref>

In early writings of [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] Telperion's names were '''''Silpion''''', '''''Bansil''''' and '''''Belthil'''''.<ref>{{HM|HM}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | TEL | TEL=[[Telperion]] ''Destroyed {{YT|1495}}''}}
{{familytree | | | | }}
{{familytree | GAL | GAL=[[Galathilion]] ''Made in the image of Telperion''}}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | CEL | CEL=[[Celeborn (White Tree)|Celeborn]]}}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | NIM | NIM=[[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]] ''Destroyed after {{SA|3262}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | G1 | G1=[[White Tree of Gondor#First White Tree|First tree]] of Gondor ''c. {{SA|3320}} -{{SA|3429}}''}}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | G2 | G2=[[White Tree of Gondor#Second White Tree|Second tree]] of Gondor ''{{TA|2}} - {{TA|1636}}'' }}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | G3 | G3=[[White Tree of Gondor#Third White Tree|Third tree]] of Gondor ''{{TA|1640}} - {{TA|2852}}'' }}
{{familytree | |!| | }}
{{familytree | G4 | G4=[[White Tree of Gondor#Fourth White Tree|Fourth tree]] of Gondor ''15 June {{TA|3019}} - unknown''}}
{{familytree/end}}

==See also==
*[[Silmo]]

{{references}}
[[Category:Quenya names]]
[[Category:Telerin names]]
[[Category:Trees]]
[[Category:Valinor]]
[[fr:encyclo/biologie/flore/telperion]]

Luthany

2014-02-09T05:59:01Z

Pfstrack:

{{sources}}
'''Luthany''', also known as '''[[Lúthien]]''' or '''[[Leithian]]''' is a name of a land mentioned in [[Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''. In that early version of his [[legendarium]], Luthany in the later centuries became the island of Great Britain.

Before Luthany became an island, the [[Elves]] sought refuge after the wars of the [[Elder Days]]. Locations on Luthany were [[Kortirion]] and [[Tavrobel]]. But when Luthany was invaded by the [[Rumhoth]] (Romans), the Elves returned to [[Tol Eressea]]. There, they continued to speak the [[Old English|language]] of Luthany.

Its King was [[Ingwë|Inwë]] (or Ing) and he was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of some peoples. Their descendants, called Angles, Saxons, Jutes (but not Frisians) eventually returned to Luthany, now separated from the Great Lands by a channel as an island.

When [[Eriol]] traveled from Britain to Tol Eressea, the [[Elves]] narrated to him the tales of the [[Elder Days]] and the origins of Luthany.<ref>{{LT2|VI}}, p. 301-9</ref>

==Etymology==
Luthany seems to be an Anglicized version of the Elvish name Lúthien (and Leithian); it is said to mean "friendship"<ref>{{LT2|VI}}, p. 301</ref>, named after the friendship of Men and Elves.

==Inspiration==

The name ''Luthany'' appears to have been invented by the poet [[Wikipedia:Francis Thompson|Francis Thompson]], whom Tolkien admired.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Luthany|articlename=Luthany|dated=|website=[http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/ NationMaster Encyclopedia]|accessed=16 November 2013}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Arda]]

Luthany

2014-02-09T05:52:38Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

{{sources}}
'''Luthany''', also known as '''[[Lúthien]]''' or '''[[Leithian]]''' is a name of a land mentioned in [[Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Book of Lost Tales]]''. In that early version of his [[legendarium]], Luthany in the later centuries became the island of Great Britain.

Before Luthany became an island, the [[Elves]] sought refuge after the wars of the [[Elder Days]]. Locations on Luthany were [[Kortirion]] and [[Tavrobel]]. But when Luthany was invaded by the [[Rumhoth]] (Romans), the Elves returned to [[Tol Eressea]]. There, they continued to speak the [[Old English|language]] of Luthany.

Its King was [[Ingwë|Inwë]] (or Ing) and he was driven east over the sea by [[Ossë]] and became ruler of some peoples. Their descendants, called Angles, Saxons, Jutes (but not Frisians) eventually returned to Luthany, now separated from the Great Lands by a channel as an island.

When [[Eriol]] traveled from Britain to Tol Eressea, the [[Elves]] narrated to him the tales of the [[Elder Days]] and the origins of Luthany.

==Etymology==
Luthany seems to be an Anglicized version of the Elvish name Lúthien (and Leithian); it is said to mean "friendship"<ref>{{LT2|VI}}, p. 301</ref>, named after the friendship of Men and Elves.

==Inspiration==

The name ''Luthany'' appears to have been invented by the poet [[Wikipedia:Francis Thompson|Francis Thompson]], whom Tolkien admired.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Luthany|articlename=Luthany|dated=|website=[http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/ NationMaster Encyclopedia]|accessed=16 November 2013}}</ref>

{{references}}
[[Category:Arda]]

Lúthien

2014-02-09T05:50:16Z

Pfstrack: /* Other versions of the legendarium */

{{sources|especially inspiration - isn't it always? Ederchil 01/03/12}}
{{expansion|Too short for someone so important - needs bulking up to accommodate so many images. -Mith 04/11/11}}
{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Tania Weil - Luthien.png|250px]]
| name=Lúthien
| pronun=
| othernames=''Tinúviel'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=Princess of Doriath
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]]; [[Tol Galen]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{YT|1200}}
| birthlocation=[[Forest of Neldoreth]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|503}}
| deathlocation=[[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]], [[Ossiriand]]
| age=3,377
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Beren]]
| children=[[Dior]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>
| clothing=Blue raiment, sewn with golden flowers; shadowy cloak; appearance of [[Thuringwethil]]<ref name="Beren"/>
| weapons=Voice, enchantment
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}'''Lúthien Tinúviel''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈluːθjen tiˈnuːvjel]}}) was the only daughter of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and [[Melian]] the [[Maia]]. She was said to be the fairest maiden to have ever lived (a description later shared also by [[Arwen]]).

== History ==
Lúthien was born during the Second Age of the [[Chaining of Melkor]], and [[niphredil]] first grew at the moment of her birth. She would often dance in the woods, while her friend [[Daeron]], the minstrel of Thingol, would play his flute. Daeron came to love her, and while she enjoyed his company, she did not return his love.

===Quest for the Silmaril===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - Beren and Lúthien.jpg|''Beren and Lúthien'' by Jacek Kopalski|thumb|left]]
During such an occasion she was discovered by [[Beren]] as he wandered the woods of her father's kingdom, and instantly fell in love with her. Daeron chirped out a warning, and she hid. While he searched for her, he accidentally laid his hand on her arm. He caught her alone some months later, and they grew to love one another. When Lúthien took Beren before her father, he was appalled that his royal daughter should wish to wed a mortal, and as is recounted in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' so set Beren what he thought was an unachievable task, to recover a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of [[Morgoth]] himself. So Beren left Doriath in pursuit of his hopeless quest.

After a time, a darkness fell on Lúthien's heart, and she learned from her mother Melian what this meant; Beren had been captured by [[Sauron]], and was held in the dungeons of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Though Thingol sought to stop her, Lúthien set out from Doriath to rescue Beren, if she could. Passing through many adventures, she gained the help of [[Huan the Hound]], and together they came to [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth|Sauron's Isle]]. Through Lúthien's magic and Huan's strength they defeated Sauron and rescued Beren. Eventually Beren set out for [[Angband]] once again, but this time Lúthien accompanied him.

Through Lúthien's powers, they passed the gates of Angband, and the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] that guarded them. Coming before the [[Dark Throne]] itself, she wove a spell that put Morgoth and his court into a deep sleep, and Beren cut a Silmaril from the Iron Crown. Returning to the gates, they found that Carcharoth barred their escape. Beren held up the hallowed jewel to protect them, but the monstrous wolf bit off his hand and, with it, consumed the Silmaril. But the Silmarils were blessed by [[Varda]] herself, so that any unclean flesh that touched them would be withered and burnt. The wolf's innards were consumed with that burning, and it ran howling into the south.

[[File:Mareishon - Beren and Luthien.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Beren]] and ''Lúthien'' by Mareishon.]]
Lúthien healed Beren, and they came at last back to her father's halls at [[Menegroth]]. There they heard tidings that the maddened wolf had entered Thingol's realm, and Beren set out with the King to the [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. After nightfall they returned; the wolf was slain and the Silmaril recovered, but Beren was wounded mortally. So he passed away, and soon after Lúthien too wasted of grief.

===Aftermath and death===
Their spirits were gathered in the [[Halls of Mandos]] in the [[Uttermost West]], and there Lúthien sang a song of such extraordinary power and beauty that it moved even the implacable heart of [[Mandos]] himself. So she was granted a unique fate, to become mortal and return to [[Middle-earth]] with Beren, where they dwelt for a time in happiness on the green island of [[Tol Galen]] in the River [[Adurant]].

After the destruction of [[Doriath]] Beren participated in battle for the last time. He ambushed the routed dwarves, and in the process also acquired the Silmaril he once took from Morgoth's crown. He brought the Silmaril, which was inside the [[Nauglamir]], to Lúthien, and she wore it until the day she and Beren died of old age. It is said that their deaths came quicker than expected because of the Silmaril. After their death, the Silmaril was passed to their son [[Dior]], which caused in the [[Second Kinslaying]].

===Final Death of Beren and Lúthien===

Among the Children of [[Ilúvatar]] the final death of Beren and Lúthien is accounted in {{FA|503}} for in that year Dior received the Silmaril in Doriath, and it was taken as a sign of his parents' death. In truth the date of their death is unknown.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 306</ref>

== Etymology ==

''Lúthien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Daughter of Flowers". The first element in the name is ''[[lúth]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 15</ref> The second element is perhaps the feminine ending ''[[-ien]]''.

In early writings, [[Doriathrin]] ''Luthien'' and [[Noldorin]] ''Lhūthien'' meant "enchantress", deriving from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''luktiēnē'' ("enchantress"; from [[Sundocarme|root]] LUK "magic, enhantement").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''LUK'''</ref>

''[[Tinúviel]]'' (from Primitive Quendian ''tindōmiselde'') means "Nightingale", or, more literally, "Daughter of Twilight".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''SEL-D'''</ref><ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 73</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | ELU |y| MEL | | BEO | | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|BEO=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT='''LÚTHIEN'''|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO=[[Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELU |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELU=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| ELR | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Inspiration==
Lúthien was largely inspired from [[Edith Bratt]] and Tolkien often referred to Edith as "my [[Lúthien]]."<ref>{{L|340}}</ref> It is mentioned that around [[1917]], while Tolkien and Bratt went walking in the woods at Roos, Edith began to dance for him in a clearing among the flowering hemlock. This incident inspired the account of the meeting of Beren and Lúthien.<ref>Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall & Edmund Weiner ''[[The Ring of Words]]''</ref>

The tale also shares the common element of folktales with the disapproving parent who sets a seemingly impossible task for the suitor, which is then fulfilled. The Welsh tale of Culhwch and Olwen is one such story.

The travel of Lúthien to Mandos and softening Námo with her song, in order to release her beloved, is a usual theme in mythology and religion: the Greek tale (as told by Virgil) of Orpheus and Eurydice, the Japanese myth of Izanagi and Izanami, the Akkadian/Sumerian myth of Inanna's descent to the Underworld, the Mayan myth of Ix Chel and Itzamna, the Indian legend of Savitri, and the Nez Perce legends of the trickster Coyote.

==Other versions of the legendarium==

When this character first appeared in the ''[[Lost Tales]]'', her only name was ''Tinúviel''.<ref>{{LT2|1}}, p. 41</ref> The idea that the name ''Tinúviel'' was given to her by Beren emerged in the early ''[[Lays of Beleriand]]'', along with her birth name ''Lúthien'' (although at first Tolkien tentatively gave her the birth name of ''[[Melilot Brandybuck#Other versions of the legendarium|Melilot]]'').<ref>{{LB|3}}, p. 159, 179-180</ref>

Before this name was assigned to the elf-maid, the name ''Lúthien'' was connected with ''[[Luthany]]'', the Elfin name for England.<ref>{{LT2|VI}}, p. 313</ref> In several very early drafts of unfinished stories, ''Lúthien'' was the Elfin name of [[Ælfwine]], translated first as "wanderer" and later as "friend".<ref>{{LT2|VI}}, p. 301-4</ref>

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Lúthien|Images of Lúthien]].
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luthien Tinuviel}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Thingol]]
[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]
[[de:Lúthien]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/luthien]]
[[fi:Lúthien]]

Lúthien

2014-02-09T05:49:31Z

Pfstrack: /* Other versions of the legendarium */

{{sources|especially inspiration - isn't it always? Ederchil 01/03/12}}
{{expansion|Too short for someone so important - needs bulking up to accommodate so many images. -Mith 04/11/11}}
{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Tania Weil - Luthien.png|250px]]
| name=Lúthien
| pronun=
| othernames=''Tinúviel'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=Princess of Doriath
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]]; [[Tol Galen]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{YT|1200}}
| birthlocation=[[Forest of Neldoreth]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|503}}
| deathlocation=[[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]], [[Ossiriand]]
| age=3,377
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Beren]]
| children=[[Dior]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>
| clothing=Blue raiment, sewn with golden flowers; shadowy cloak; appearance of [[Thuringwethil]]<ref name="Beren"/>
| weapons=Voice, enchantment
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}'''Lúthien Tinúviel''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈluːθjen tiˈnuːvjel]}}) was the only daughter of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and [[Melian]] the [[Maia]]. She was said to be the fairest maiden to have ever lived (a description later shared also by [[Arwen]]).

== History ==
Lúthien was born during the Second Age of the [[Chaining of Melkor]], and [[niphredil]] first grew at the moment of her birth. She would often dance in the woods, while her friend [[Daeron]], the minstrel of Thingol, would play his flute. Daeron came to love her, and while she enjoyed his company, she did not return his love.

===Quest for the Silmaril===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - Beren and Lúthien.jpg|''Beren and Lúthien'' by Jacek Kopalski|thumb|left]]
During such an occasion she was discovered by [[Beren]] as he wandered the woods of her father's kingdom, and instantly fell in love with her. Daeron chirped out a warning, and she hid. While he searched for her, he accidentally laid his hand on her arm. He caught her alone some months later, and they grew to love one another. When Lúthien took Beren before her father, he was appalled that his royal daughter should wish to wed a mortal, and as is recounted in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' so set Beren what he thought was an unachievable task, to recover a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of [[Morgoth]] himself. So Beren left Doriath in pursuit of his hopeless quest.

After a time, a darkness fell on Lúthien's heart, and she learned from her mother Melian what this meant; Beren had been captured by [[Sauron]], and was held in the dungeons of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Though Thingol sought to stop her, Lúthien set out from Doriath to rescue Beren, if she could. Passing through many adventures, she gained the help of [[Huan the Hound]], and together they came to [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth|Sauron's Isle]]. Through Lúthien's magic and Huan's strength they defeated Sauron and rescued Beren. Eventually Beren set out for [[Angband]] once again, but this time Lúthien accompanied him.

Through Lúthien's powers, they passed the gates of Angband, and the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] that guarded them. Coming before the [[Dark Throne]] itself, she wove a spell that put Morgoth and his court into a deep sleep, and Beren cut a Silmaril from the Iron Crown. Returning to the gates, they found that Carcharoth barred their escape. Beren held up the hallowed jewel to protect them, but the monstrous wolf bit off his hand and, with it, consumed the Silmaril. But the Silmarils were blessed by [[Varda]] herself, so that any unclean flesh that touched them would be withered and burnt. The wolf's innards were consumed with that burning, and it ran howling into the south.

[[File:Mareishon - Beren and Luthien.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Beren]] and ''Lúthien'' by Mareishon.]]
Lúthien healed Beren, and they came at last back to her father's halls at [[Menegroth]]. There they heard tidings that the maddened wolf had entered Thingol's realm, and Beren set out with the King to the [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. After nightfall they returned; the wolf was slain and the Silmaril recovered, but Beren was wounded mortally. So he passed away, and soon after Lúthien too wasted of grief.

===Aftermath and death===
Their spirits were gathered in the [[Halls of Mandos]] in the [[Uttermost West]], and there Lúthien sang a song of such extraordinary power and beauty that it moved even the implacable heart of [[Mandos]] himself. So she was granted a unique fate, to become mortal and return to [[Middle-earth]] with Beren, where they dwelt for a time in happiness on the green island of [[Tol Galen]] in the River [[Adurant]].

After the destruction of [[Doriath]] Beren participated in battle for the last time. He ambushed the routed dwarves, and in the process also acquired the Silmaril he once took from Morgoth's crown. He brought the Silmaril, which was inside the [[Nauglamir]], to Lúthien, and she wore it until the day she and Beren died of old age. It is said that their deaths came quicker than expected because of the Silmaril. After their death, the Silmaril was passed to their son [[Dior]], which caused in the [[Second Kinslaying]].

===Final Death of Beren and Lúthien===

Among the Children of [[Ilúvatar]] the final death of Beren and Lúthien is accounted in {{FA|503}} for in that year Dior received the Silmaril in Doriath, and it was taken as a sign of his parents' death. In truth the date of their death is unknown.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 306</ref>

== Etymology ==

''Lúthien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Daughter of Flowers". The first element in the name is ''[[lúth]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 15</ref> The second element is perhaps the feminine ending ''[[-ien]]''.

In early writings, [[Doriathrin]] ''Luthien'' and [[Noldorin]] ''Lhūthien'' meant "enchantress", deriving from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''luktiēnē'' ("enchantress"; from [[Sundocarme|root]] LUK "magic, enhantement").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''LUK'''</ref>

''[[Tinúviel]]'' (from Primitive Quendian ''tindōmiselde'') means "Nightingale", or, more literally, "Daughter of Twilight".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''SEL-D'''</ref><ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 73</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | ELU |y| MEL | | BEO | | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|BEO=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT='''LÚTHIEN'''|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO=[[Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELU |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELU=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| ELR | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Inspiration==
Lúthien was largely inspired from [[Edith Bratt]] and Tolkien often referred to Edith as "my [[Lúthien]]."<ref>{{L|340}}</ref> It is mentioned that around [[1917]], while Tolkien and Bratt went walking in the woods at Roos, Edith began to dance for him in a clearing among the flowering hemlock. This incident inspired the account of the meeting of Beren and Lúthien.<ref>Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall & Edmund Weiner ''[[The Ring of Words]]''</ref>

The tale also shares the common element of folktales with the disapproving parent who sets a seemingly impossible task for the suitor, which is then fulfilled. The Welsh tale of Culhwch and Olwen is one such story.

The travel of Lúthien to Mandos and softening Námo with her song, in order to release her beloved, is a usual theme in mythology and religion: the Greek tale (as told by Virgil) of Orpheus and Eurydice, the Japanese myth of Izanagi and Izanami, the Akkadian/Sumerian myth of Inanna's descent to the Underworld, the Mayan myth of Ix Chel and Itzamna, the Indian legend of Savitri, and the Nez Perce legends of the trickster Coyote.

==Other versions of the legendarium==

When this character first appeared in the ''[[Lost Tales]]'', her only name was ''Tinúviel''.<ref>{{LT2|1}}, p. 41</ref> The idea that the name ''Tinúviel'' was given to her by Beren emerged in the early ''[[Lays of Beleriand]]'', along with her birth name ''Lúthien'' (although at first Tolkien tentatively gave her the birth name of ''[[Melilot Brandybuck#Other versions of the legendarium|Melilot]]'').<ref>{{LB|3}}, p. 159, 179-180</ref>

Before this name was assigned to the elf-maid, the name ''Lúthien'' was connected with ''[[Luthany]]'', the Elfin name for England.<ref>{{LT2|6}}, p. 313</ref> In several very early drafts of unfinished stories, ''Lúthien'' was the Elfin name of [[Ælfwine]], translated first as "wanderer" and later as "friend".<ref>{{LT2|6}}, p. 301-4</ref>

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Lúthien|Images of Lúthien]].
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luthien Tinuviel}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Thingol]]
[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]
[[de:Lúthien]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/luthien]]
[[fi:Lúthien]]

Lúthien

2014-02-09T05:21:01Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

{{sources|especially inspiration - isn't it always? Ederchil 01/03/12}}
{{expansion|Too short for someone so important - needs bulking up to accommodate so many images. -Mith 04/11/11}}
{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Tania Weil - Luthien.png|250px]]
| name=Lúthien
| pronun=
| othernames=''Tinúviel'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=Princess of Doriath
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]]; [[Tol Galen]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{YT|1200}}
| birthlocation=[[Forest of Neldoreth]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|503}}
| deathlocation=[[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]], [[Ossiriand]]
| age=3,377
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Beren]]
| children=[[Dior]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>
| clothing=Blue raiment, sewn with golden flowers; shadowy cloak; appearance of [[Thuringwethil]]<ref name="Beren"/>
| weapons=Voice, enchantment
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}'''Lúthien Tinúviel''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈluːθjen tiˈnuːvjel]}}) was the only daughter of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and [[Melian]] the [[Maia]]. She was said to be the fairest maiden to have ever lived (a description later shared also by [[Arwen]]).

== History ==
Lúthien was born during the Second Age of the [[Chaining of Melkor]], and [[niphredil]] first grew at the moment of her birth. She would often dance in the woods, while her friend [[Daeron]], the minstrel of Thingol, would play his flute. Daeron came to love her, and while she enjoyed his company, she did not return his love.

===Quest for the Silmaril===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - Beren and Lúthien.jpg|''Beren and Lúthien'' by Jacek Kopalski|thumb|left]]
During such an occasion she was discovered by [[Beren]] as he wandered the woods of her father's kingdom, and instantly fell in love with her. Daeron chirped out a warning, and she hid. While he searched for her, he accidentally laid his hand on her arm. He caught her alone some months later, and they grew to love one another. When Lúthien took Beren before her father, he was appalled that his royal daughter should wish to wed a mortal, and as is recounted in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' so set Beren what he thought was an unachievable task, to recover a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of [[Morgoth]] himself. So Beren left Doriath in pursuit of his hopeless quest.

After a time, a darkness fell on Lúthien's heart, and she learned from her mother Melian what this meant; Beren had been captured by [[Sauron]], and was held in the dungeons of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Though Thingol sought to stop her, Lúthien set out from Doriath to rescue Beren, if she could. Passing through many adventures, she gained the help of [[Huan the Hound]], and together they came to [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth|Sauron's Isle]]. Through Lúthien's magic and Huan's strength they defeated Sauron and rescued Beren. Eventually Beren set out for [[Angband]] once again, but this time Lúthien accompanied him.

Through Lúthien's powers, they passed the gates of Angband, and the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] that guarded them. Coming before the [[Dark Throne]] itself, she wove a spell that put Morgoth and his court into a deep sleep, and Beren cut a Silmaril from the Iron Crown. Returning to the gates, they found that Carcharoth barred their escape. Beren held up the hallowed jewel to protect them, but the monstrous wolf bit off his hand and, with it, consumed the Silmaril. But the Silmarils were blessed by [[Varda]] herself, so that any unclean flesh that touched them would be withered and burnt. The wolf's innards were consumed with that burning, and it ran howling into the south.

[[File:Mareishon - Beren and Luthien.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Beren]] and ''Lúthien'' by Mareishon.]]
Lúthien healed Beren, and they came at last back to her father's halls at [[Menegroth]]. There they heard tidings that the maddened wolf had entered Thingol's realm, and Beren set out with the King to the [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. After nightfall they returned; the wolf was slain and the Silmaril recovered, but Beren was wounded mortally. So he passed away, and soon after Lúthien too wasted of grief.

===Aftermath and death===
Their spirits were gathered in the [[Halls of Mandos]] in the [[Uttermost West]], and there Lúthien sang a song of such extraordinary power and beauty that it moved even the implacable heart of [[Mandos]] himself. So she was granted a unique fate, to become mortal and return to [[Middle-earth]] with Beren, where they dwelt for a time in happiness on the green island of [[Tol Galen]] in the River [[Adurant]].

After the destruction of [[Doriath]] Beren participated in battle for the last time. He ambushed the routed dwarves, and in the process also acquired the Silmaril he once took from Morgoth's crown. He brought the Silmaril, which was inside the [[Nauglamir]], to Lúthien, and she wore it until the day she and Beren died of old age. It is said that their deaths came quicker than expected because of the Silmaril. After their death, the Silmaril was passed to their son [[Dior]], which caused in the [[Second Kinslaying]].

===Final Death of Beren and Lúthien===

Among the Children of [[Ilúvatar]] the final death of Beren and Lúthien is accounted in {{FA|503}} for in that year Dior received the Silmaril in Doriath, and it was taken as a sign of his parents' death. In truth the date of their death is unknown.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 306</ref>

== Etymology ==

''Lúthien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Daughter of Flowers". The first element in the name is ''[[lúth]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 15</ref> The second element is perhaps the feminine ending ''[[-ien]]''.

In early writings, [[Doriathrin]] ''Luthien'' and [[Noldorin]] ''Lhūthien'' meant "enchantress", deriving from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''luktiēnē'' ("enchantress"; from [[Sundocarme|root]] LUK "magic, enhantement").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''LUK'''</ref>

''[[Tinúviel]]'' (from Primitive Quendian ''tindōmiselde'') means "Nightingale", or, more literally, "Daughter of Twilight".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''SEL-D'''</ref><ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 73</ref>

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | ELU |y| MEL | | BEO | | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|BEO=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT='''LÚTHIEN'''|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO=[[Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELU |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELU=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| ELR | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Inspiration==
Lúthien was largely inspired from [[Edith Bratt]] and Tolkien often referred to Edith as "my [[Lúthien]]."<ref>{{L|340}}</ref> It is mentioned that around [[1917]], while Tolkien and Bratt went walking in the woods at Roos, Edith began to dance for him in a clearing among the flowering hemlock. This incident inspired the account of the meeting of Beren and Lúthien.<ref>Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall & Edmund Weiner ''[[The Ring of Words]]''</ref>

The tale also shares the common element of folktales with the disapproving parent who sets a seemingly impossible task for the suitor, which is then fulfilled. The Welsh tale of Culhwch and Olwen is one such story.

The travel of Lúthien to Mandos and softening Námo with her song, in order to release her beloved, is a usual theme in mythology and religion: the Greek tale (as told by Virgil) of Orpheus and Eurydice, the Japanese myth of Izanagi and Izanami, the Akkadian/Sumerian myth of Inanna's descent to the Underworld, the Mayan myth of Ix Chel and Itzamna, the Indian legend of Savitri, and the Nez Perce legends of the trickster Coyote.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The name ''Lúthien'' appears since the earliest conceptions (although ''[[Melilot Brandybuck#Other versions of the legendarium|Melilot]]'' was used as a tentative name in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'').<ref>{{LB|3}}, p. 159</ref> The name was connected with "[[Luthany]]", the Elfin name for England. In several drafts, ''Lúthien'' would be the Elfin name of [[Ælfwine]], which would be translated as "traveler" and later as "friend".

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Lúthien|Images of Lúthien]].
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luthien Tinuviel}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Thingol]]
[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]
[[de:Lúthien]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/luthien]]
[[fi:Lúthien]]

Lúthien

2014-02-09T05:20:33Z

Pfstrack: /* Etymology */

{{sources|especially inspiration - isn't it always? Ederchil 01/03/12}}
{{expansion|Too short for someone so important - needs bulking up to accommodate so many images. -Mith 04/11/11}}
{{sindar infobox
| image=[[File:Tania Weil - Luthien.png|250px]]
| name=Lúthien
| pronun=
| othernames=''Tinúviel'' ([[Sindarin|S]])
| titles=Princess of Doriath
| position=
| location=[[Doriath]]; [[Tol Galen]]
| affiliation=[[Quest for the Silmaril]]
| language=[[Sindarin]]
| birth={{YT|1200}}
| birthlocation=[[Forest of Neldoreth]]
| rule=
| death={{FA|503}}
| deathlocation=[[Dor Firn-i-Guinar]], [[Ossiriand]]
| age=3,377
| notablefor=
| house=
| parentage=[[Thingol]] and [[Melian]]
| siblings=
| spouse=[[Beren]]
| children=[[Dior]]
| gender=Female
| height=
| hair=Black
| eyes=Grey<ref name="Beren">{{S|Beren}}</ref>
| clothing=Blue raiment, sewn with golden flowers; shadowy cloak; appearance of [[Thuringwethil]]<ref name="Beren"/>
| weapons=Voice, enchantment
| steed=[[Huan]]
}}'''Lúthien Tinúviel''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈluːθjen tiˈnuːvjel]}}) was the only daughter of King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and [[Melian]] the [[Maia]]. She was said to be the fairest maiden to have ever lived (a description later shared also by [[Arwen]]).

== History ==
Lúthien was born during the Second Age of the [[Chaining of Melkor]], and [[niphredil]] first grew at the moment of her birth. She would often dance in the woods, while her friend [[Daeron]], the minstrel of Thingol, would play his flute. Daeron came to love her, and while she enjoyed his company, she did not return his love.

===Quest for the Silmaril===
[[File:Jacek Kopalski - Beren and Lúthien.jpg|''Beren and Lúthien'' by Jacek Kopalski|thumb|left]]
During such an occasion she was discovered by [[Beren]] as he wandered the woods of her father's kingdom, and instantly fell in love with her. Daeron chirped out a warning, and she hid. While he searched for her, he accidentally laid his hand on her arm. He caught her alone some months later, and they grew to love one another. When Lúthien took Beren before her father, he was appalled that his royal daughter should wish to wed a mortal, and as is recounted in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'' so set Beren what he thought was an unachievable task, to recover a [[Silmaril]] from the [[Iron Crown]] of [[Morgoth]] himself. So Beren left Doriath in pursuit of his hopeless quest.

After a time, a darkness fell on Lúthien's heart, and she learned from her mother Melian what this meant; Beren had been captured by [[Sauron]], and was held in the dungeons of [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth]]. Though Thingol sought to stop her, Lúthien set out from Doriath to rescue Beren, if she could. Passing through many adventures, she gained the help of [[Huan the Hound]], and together they came to [[Tol-in-Gaurhoth|Sauron's Isle]]. Through Lúthien's magic and Huan's strength they defeated Sauron and rescued Beren. Eventually Beren set out for [[Angband]] once again, but this time Lúthien accompanied him.

Through Lúthien's powers, they passed the gates of Angband, and the great wolf [[Carcharoth]] that guarded them. Coming before the [[Dark Throne]] itself, she wove a spell that put Morgoth and his court into a deep sleep, and Beren cut a Silmaril from the Iron Crown. Returning to the gates, they found that Carcharoth barred their escape. Beren held up the hallowed jewel to protect them, but the monstrous wolf bit off his hand and, with it, consumed the Silmaril. But the Silmarils were blessed by [[Varda]] herself, so that any unclean flesh that touched them would be withered and burnt. The wolf's innards were consumed with that burning, and it ran howling into the south.

[[File:Mareishon - Beren and Luthien.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Beren]] and ''Lúthien'' by Mareishon.]]
Lúthien healed Beren, and they came at last back to her father's halls at [[Menegroth]]. There they heard tidings that the maddened wolf had entered Thingol's realm, and Beren set out with the King to the [[Hunting of the Wolf]]. After nightfall they returned; the wolf was slain and the Silmaril recovered, but Beren was wounded mortally. So he passed away, and soon after Lúthien too wasted of grief.

===Aftermath and death===
Their spirits were gathered in the [[Halls of Mandos]] in the [[Uttermost West]], and there Lúthien sang a song of such extraordinary power and beauty that it moved even the implacable heart of [[Mandos]] himself. So she was granted a unique fate, to become mortal and return to [[Middle-earth]] with Beren, where they dwelt for a time in happiness on the green island of [[Tol Galen]] in the River [[Adurant]].

After the destruction of [[Doriath]] Beren participated in battle for the last time. He ambushed the routed dwarves, and in the process also acquired the Silmaril he once took from Morgoth's crown. He brought the Silmaril, which was inside the [[Nauglamir]], to Lúthien, and she wore it until the day she and Beren died of old age. It is said that their deaths came quicker than expected because of the Silmaril. After their death, the Silmaril was passed to their son [[Dior]], which caused in the [[Second Kinslaying]].

===Final Death of Beren and Lúthien===

Among the Children of [[Ilúvatar]] the final death of Beren and Lúthien is accounted in {{FA|503}} for in that year Dior received the Silmaril in Doriath, and it was taken as a sign of his parents' death. In truth the date of their death is unknown.<ref>{{LR|Quenta}}, p. 306</ref>

== Etymology ==

''Lúthien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "Daughter of Flowers". The first element in the name is ''[[lúth]]''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 15</ref> The second element is perhaps the feminine ending ''[[-ien]]''.

In early writings, [[Doriathrin]] ''Luthien'' and [[Noldorin]] ''Lhūthien'' meant "enchantress", deriving from [[Primitive Quendian]] ''luktiēnē'' ("enchantress"; from [[Sundocarme|root]] LUK "magic, enhantement").<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''LUK'''</ref>

''[[Tinúviel]]'' (from Primitive Quendian ''tindōmiselde'') means "Nightingale", or, more literally, "Daughter of Twilight".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, '''SEL-D'''</ref><ref>{{PE|19}}, p. 73</ref>{{fact}}

== Genealogy ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| | ELU |y| MEL | | BEO | | | |ELU=[[Thingol|Elu Thingol]]|MEL=[[Melian]]|BEO=[[House of Bëor]]}}
{{familytree| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | LUT |~|y|~| BER | | | |LUT='''LÚTHIEN'''|BER=[[Beren]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | DIO |y| NIM | | |DIO=[[Dior]]|NIM=[[Nimloth of Doriath|Nimloth]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{familytree| EAR |y| ELW | | ELD | | ELU |EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]|ELD=[[Eluréd]]|ELU=[[Elurín]]}}
{{familytree| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| ELR | | ELS | | | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elrond]]|ELS=[[Elros]]}}
{{familytree/end}}

==Inspiration==
Lúthien was largely inspired from [[Edith Bratt]] and Tolkien often referred to Edith as "my [[Lúthien]]."<ref>{{L|340}}</ref> It is mentioned that around [[1917]], while Tolkien and Bratt went walking in the woods at Roos, Edith began to dance for him in a clearing among the flowering hemlock. This incident inspired the account of the meeting of Beren and Lúthien.<ref>Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall & Edmund Weiner ''[[The Ring of Words]]''</ref>

The tale also shares the common element of folktales with the disapproving parent who sets a seemingly impossible task for the suitor, which is then fulfilled. The Welsh tale of Culhwch and Olwen is one such story.

The travel of Lúthien to Mandos and softening Námo with her song, in order to release her beloved, is a usual theme in mythology and religion: the Greek tale (as told by Virgil) of Orpheus and Eurydice, the Japanese myth of Izanagi and Izanami, the Akkadian/Sumerian myth of Inanna's descent to the Underworld, the Mayan myth of Ix Chel and Itzamna, the Indian legend of Savitri, and the Nez Perce legends of the trickster Coyote.

==Other versions of the legendarium==
The name ''Lúthien'' appears since the earliest conceptions (although ''[[Melilot Brandybuck#Other versions of the legendarium|Melilot]]'' was used as a tentative name in the ''[[Lay of Leithian]]'').<ref>{{LB|3}}, p. 159</ref> The name was connected with "[[Luthany]]", the Elfin name for England. In several drafts, ''Lúthien'' would be the Elfin name of [[Ælfwine]], which would be translated as "traveler" and later as "friend".

== See Also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Lúthien|Images of Lúthien]].
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luthien Tinuviel}}
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]
[[Category:House of Thingol]]
[[Category:Quest for the Silmaril]]
[[de:Lúthien]]
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/teleri/sindar/luthien]]
[[fi:Lúthien]]